新視野1Unit 1教案（五篇范例）

第一篇：新視野1Unit 1教案

Unit 1

Teaching Objectives: ? To talk about college education..? Scan the text and understand the structure of the text “Toward a brighter future for all”.? Let students practice speaking and listening.? Help the students to master the meaning and usage of the language points.? Learn about the devices used in developing the passage.Focus：New words;Language points;Listening skills;Speaking practice Difficulties：Pronunciation(stress);Word building;Sentence structure;Writing skills Teaching Method：Discussion;Explanation;Exemplification Teaching Arrangements：8 classes 4 periods

Section A Toward a brighter future for all First period Step 1 Lead-in and preparation for reading Show some pictures and let them talk to each other about the following questions: 1)What is the ideal university like in your eyes? 2)

What are your expectations of your college life? 3)

What advice did your parents give you before you left for college?

Step 2 Fast reading Ask the Students to read the passage as quickly as they can and then answer the questions on the screen.Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure.Text structure: The passage can be divided into 3 parts.Part I(para1-3)The president congratulates students on their achievement and reminds students of the fact that their current success was due to their own and their parents’ efforts and that their future is built on a solid foundation of the past.Part II(paras 4-7)The president offers students comprehensive advice on how to make the most of their four college years and makes them realize the university’s expectations and their own responsibilities.Part III(para 8)The students are called upon to cherish the opportunity and to bear in mind their responsibilities as citizens of their communities, their country and the world..Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Step 3 Preparation for details of the text on the screen Students are required to look at the Words and Phrases on the screen and give a brief presentation in class.Purpose: Train the Students’ ability of understanding and using foreign language.Method: Talk in groups, Use task-based language teaching method, communicative approach and total physical response method.Second period

Step 1 Detailed study of the new words and phrases 1.triumph n.a successful ending of a struggle or contest 勝利，成功，成就

Winning the championship was a great personal triumph for this young tennis player.贏得冠軍對這個年輕的網(wǎng)球運動員來說是很大的個人成就。2.pledge vt.make a formal, usu.Public, promise that you will do sth.發(fā)誓；作保證

China and the United states pledge to boost cooperation and exchange to ensure a better future for China-US ties.中美政府承諾將加強合作與交流以確保兩國關系的未來更加美好。n.a serious promise or agreement, esp.one made publicly or officially 誓言,誓約，保證 All the candidates have given pledges not to raise taxes if they are elected.所有的候選人都保證如果他們當選，他們不會提高稅收。3.rewarding a.worth doing, satisfying Teaching can be a very rewarding career.What job do you think is the most rewarding one? 4.remind sb.of sb/sth.In making my speech in front of a large audience, I’m reminded of the encouragement and advice from my English teacher.第一次給這么多人做演講時，我想起我的英語老師給我的鼓勵和建議。be very similar to sb.or sth.else使某人想起人或事 Nacy was tall and slim, and reminded me of my cousin Sarah.南希身材高挑，讓我想起了我的表妹薩拉。5.pose vi.sit or stand somewhere so that sb.can take a photograph of you or paint a picture of you.擺姿勢

The leaders posed briefly for photographs before entering the conference room.領導們進入會議室之前匆匆的擺個姿勢拍照。vt.Creat a difficult or dangerous situation 造成，導致

We are very glad to hear that the incident in the chemical plant poses no threat to the environment.我們很高興的得知化工廠的事故沒有對環(huán)境造成危害。6.routine n.an unvarying or habitual method or procedure.例行公事，常規(guī)，慣例 Jack had attended these meetings as a matter of routine for years.數(shù)年來，杰克把參加這些會議當成是例行公事。a.occurring at fixed times or predictable intervals.常規(guī)的，例行的，慣例的 He continued to mow the lawn and do other routine chores.他繼續(xù)剪草坪，并做些其他日常雜務。7.reminder n.Something that makes you notice, remember, or think about sth.起提醒作用的東西。

The cold served as a reminder that winter wasn’t quite finished.寒冷的天氣提醒人們冬天還沒有過去。8.may have done sth.Used for talking about past possibilities.She might have changed her mind and decided not to come.他可能已經(jīng)改變了主意，決定不來了。9.finished a.1)no longer doing , dealing with, or using sth.結束了的 when you are finished with the book, give it back to me.你看完這本書后就還給我。

2)fully and properly made or completed完成了的

Joanna promised to send me the finished painting as soon as possible.喬安娜向我保證會盡快吧完成的畫作寄給我。

3)no longer successful, effective, or able to continue沒有希望的；完蛋了的

If Mom finds out that we lied to her, we are finished.如果媽媽發(fā)現(xiàn)我們對她撒謊了，我們就完了。10.foundation.n.The most basic part of sth.from which the rest of it develops.基礎 The course gives students a solid foundation in English writing skills.這門課為學生的英語寫作能力打下了堅實的基礎。11.resource n.1)you can use to help you to achieve sth., esp.in you work or study資源 Museums are important resources for teaching history.博物館為歷史教學提供重要資料來源。

2)things such as coal, trees, and oil that exist in nature and can be used by people.自然資源

Many of these countries are rich in natural resources such as iron and coal.這些國家中有許多國家都擁有豐富的諸如鐵和煤炭這樣的自然資源。12.faculty n.1)all the teachers in a university , college, or school 全體教員

Both the faculty and students opposed the proposal to turn one of the playgrounds into a parking lot.老師和學生都反對把其中一個運動場改為停車場的建議。

2)a natural physical or mental ability that most people have天賦；能力；本領 She had her mental faculties even in her 90s.她九十歲了，但仍然四維清晰。13.facility n.Rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose設施，設備 The hotel has an indoor swimming pool and other leisure facilities.這家賓館有市內(nèi)游泳池和其他休閑設施。14.get by Have just enough of sth.such as money or knowledge so that you can do what you need to do.生活，過得去，勉強應付。

I couldn’t possibly get by on$300 a month with everything so expensive.什么都很貴，一個月300美元我恐怕無法生活。15.fascinating a.Making you very interested or attracted 吸引人的，迷人的，是人神魂顛倒的 He is such a great writer that his stories are always fascinating.他是個了不起的作家，他寫的故事總是引人入勝。16.pursre v.1)try to achieve sth.追求；致力于

He wanted to pursue a bachelor’s degree after working for two years.他想工作兩年以后再去讀學士學位。

2)chase sb.or sth.in order to catch them 追趕，追逐

The police officer pursued the speeding car and eventually stopped it with the help of anther police car.這名警官追趕一輛超速行駛的車，最終在另一輛警車的協(xié)助下，截下了那輛車。17.unique a.1)very special, unusual, or good 特別的，極不尋常的

You will be given a unique opportunity to interview the CEO of the company.你將獲得一個難得的機會去采訪那家公司的首席執(zhí)行官.2)not the same as anything or anyone else 不同的獨特的

Each person’s fingerprints are unique, so you won’t find two people with the same fingerprints.每個人的指紋都是不一樣的，所以你找不到指紋相同的兩個人。18.enthusiasm n.The feeling of being very interested in sth.or excited by it 熱愛，熱情，熱心 His enthusiasm for music stayed strong throughout his life.他一生酷愛音樂。19.reap v.Get sth.as a result of sth.you have done 收獲；獲得

Our firm is likely to reap a big profit this year.今年我們公司很可能獲得巨額利潤。20.benefit n.An advantage, improvement, or help that you get from sth.好處；益處；裨益 One of the many benefits of foreign travel is learning how to cope with the unexpected.去國外旅行的益處之一是能學習如何應對意外之事。21.reap the benefit of get sth.as a reward As long as you get regular exercise, you can reap the benefits of being fit.Don’t let others reap the benefits of your research.22.opportunity n.A chance to do sth.or an occasion when it is easy for you to do sth.機會，時機 take the opportunity to do sth./of doing sth.趁機，借此機會 23.overwhelm：v.cover(sth./ sb.)completely, cause to feel a sudden strong feeling He was overwhelmed with joy at the news that his son won the champion.24.stand a chance of doing sth.Have the possibility of succeeding or achieving sth.有做成某事的希望 Do they stand any chance of winning against France in the soccer game? 他們有希望在這次比賽中戰(zhàn)勝法國隊嗎？

25.over time Gradually 逐漸的，慢慢的

For good or bad, things will change over time.不管是好是壞，事情慢慢都是要變的。26.all at once 1)at the same time同時

She had two projects at hand, three classes to teach, and a baby to take care of all at once.她同時有兩個項目要做，三個班級要教，還有一個嬰兒要照顧。2)sudeenly and unexpectedly 一下子，突然

All at once there was a loud banging on the door.突然傳來重重的敲門聲。27.virtual a.1)almost the same as the thing that is mentioned 相同的，實質(zhì)的

When her husband had a stroke, she was given virtual control of the business.她丈夫中風之后，生意幾乎全部交給她掌管。

2)made, done, seen, etc.on the internet or on a computer, rather than in the real world.虛擬的，模擬的

New technology has enabled the development of an online “virtual library” 新技術已使在線虛擬圖書館的發(fā)展成為可能。28.inherit v.1)receive a belief, tradition, or way of life from people who lived before you.沿襲，秉承

Many countries have inherited traditions of public service.許多國家沿襲了公共服務的傳統(tǒng)。

2)receive property or money from sb.who has died.繼承財產(chǎn) He inherited a fortune from his grandmother, so he bought a huge house.他從祖母那里繼承了一大筆遺產(chǎn)，所以他買了一個大房子。29.to take pleasure in doing sth.He always takes great pleasure in lending a helping hand to people around him.他總是樂于向周圍的人伸出援助之手。30.to stand a chance of

Animals stand little chance of survival under such extreme weather.在這種極端天氣下動物很難存活。31.to open the door to sth.These useful suggestions open the door to better communication with your parents.這些實用的建議為你更好地與父母交流敞開方便之門。Step 2 Intensive reading Students are asked to read the passage carefully again and answer some detailed questions on the screen.During the reading, there is an explanation for the following points:

Language Points:

1)As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university.*As …, sb.is proud /happy/ sorry /sad… to do sth.用于表達“某人在特定身份下做某事的感受”。

Eg: 作為一名來自災區(qū)的學生代表，我非常感激社會各界對我們的關愛與幫助！

As a student representative from the disaster-hit area, I’m very grateful to the people of all walks of life for their care and help!2)In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me.*In doing sth, sb.is reminded of sth.用于表達“某事引起的回憶”。

Eg:第一次給這么多人做演講時，我想起英語老師給我的鼓勵和建議。In making my speech in front of a large audience, I’m reminded of the encouragement and advice from my English teacher.3)If I could give you only one piece of advice about selecting courses, it would be this: Challenge yourself!*If sb.could give sb.else only one piece of advice about…, it would be this: Do sth.!用于表達“某人認定的最為重要的建議”。

Eg:如果讓我給你一條如何應對大學挑戰(zhàn)的建議，那就是：相信自己！If I could give you only one piece of advice about how to cope with the college challenges, it would be this: Believe in yourself!

4)A wonderful example of this is the fashion designer, Vera Wang, who originally studied art history.* A wonderful example of this is sb.who…/ sth.that… 用于列舉“最典型的事例” Eg: 有些人沒有大學文憑也獲得了成功。一個絕佳的例子就是微軟公司創(chuàng)始人比爾?蓋茨，他在大三時就從哈佛退學了。

Some people achieved great success even though they did not have college diplomas.A wonderful example of this is the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, who dropped out of Harvard in his junior year..Third Period

Language Application

Step 1 Writing devices Parallelism：

By placing two or more ideas of equal value in the same grammatical form enables us to express these ideas clearly and emphatically.Example:

You may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school;your parents may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with doing your laundry!

練習：我夢想有一天，我的四個孩子將生活在一個不是以皮膚的顏色，而是以品格的優(yōu)劣作為評判標準的國家。

我夢想有一天，深谷彌合，高山夷平，歧路化坦途，曲徑成通衢，上帝的光華再現(xiàn)，普天下生靈共謁。Paragraph writing Example:

For you, these next four years will be a time unlike any other.(Topic sentence)Here you are surrounded by great resources: interesting students from all over the country, a learned and caring faculty, a comprehensive library, great sports facilities, and student organizations covering every possible interest from the arts to science, to community service and so on.(Detail 1: What is available to you on campus)Example:

You will have the freedom to explore and learn about new subjects.You will learn to get by on very little sleep, meet fascinating people, and pursue new passions.(Detail 2: What you can do)I want to encourage you to make the most of this unique experience, and to use your energy and enthusiasm to reap the benefits of this opportunity.(Concluding sentence)Step 2 Discussion Show a movie clip about the college life and ask the Students the following questions:

Purpose: To present a real situation

To grasp the main idea To consolidate language points To fossilize the way of structured writing Method: Talk in groups;Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, audiolingual method, Audio-visual method and total physical response method.Step 3 Assignments Review the key points of Section A;Finish the exercises after class;Finish online homework;

Step 4 Assessment Composition：write a composition of a general statement supported by details and reasons.I want to improve the ability of their writing.At the same time, train the ability of do-it-yourself and looking up the information by themselves.Teacher checks if Students have done the after-text exercises in their spare time and discuss some common errors that crop up.Speech：Suppose, as an freshman, you are expected to give a speech to your teachers and classmate.You can follow the outline given below Part I Opening part of the speech 1.Your gratitude to your teachers and parents;2.Your feelings and impressions about the university;3.Your expectation of the future.Part II Your understanding of the university 1.School motto and your interpretation;2.Campus facility, e.g.the library, and learning atmosphere;3.Courses and other social activities;4.Teachers and classmates.Part III Conclusion 1.Opportunities and challenges;2.Your plans and determination for the future.You may adopt the following expressions.on behalf of sb.to be grateful to do sth.;not to live up to one’s expectations;a time of self enrichment and self-discovery to make sth.as rewarding as possible;to pursue one’s own passions;

to shoulder the responsibilities as Fourth Period section B Help the Ss understand Text B and finish the exercises Reading skill: Previewing Previewing is a useful and important reading strategy.Previewing the text before you read it will help you recognize how information is organized, identify main ideas, and predict what lies ahead in the text.As a result, you will understand the material better.Previewing skills

Read the title and subtitles if there are any.Read the first paragraph.Read the last paragraph.Read the first sentence of each remaining paragraph.For example, when you see the title of Text A “Toward a brighter future for all,” you might asked yourself some questions and made some predictions.The questions may be: What is the passage about? Who is the author? Who is the audience? Look at Text B.Read only the title, the first paragraph, the first sentences of paragraphs 2-8, and the last paragraph.Make predictions about the following questions.Questions What may be the topic of the passage? Who wrote the letter and to whom was it written? Why did the author write the letter? What topics may be discussed in more details in the text?

第二篇：前景實用英語1unit1教案

Unit1 College

This is the first unit of Book one.Unit 1 Lead-in and Text A In the lead-in section, you will learn how to use some words and phrases description the university’s Life and will do some practical exercises.(1 period)

1.Study the pictures and give a brief discuss the three questions about lead-in talk on description university’s life words and phrases so as to define them.2.Words and Phrases:

a.Students, classmates, sports friends.b.Classroom, football field, library, listening, playing, looking for.c.Very much so, not at all.d.on the right，on the left.e.Lecture theater...f.jump，head，goal g.freshman，sophomore，junior，senior...3.Have the students listen to dialogue 1(2-3 times)and fill in the blanks with the missing words;4.Ask one student to read aloud the talk, so students can check their completed answers;Present more words and phrases about description University’s life, make sure students know how to use those added words and phrases, and organize the activity to accomplish dialogue 2.5.After a brief explanation of the dialogue1-2, the teacher gives the students a few minutes to think about the questions in the task3.6.Ask students to answer the questions about the task3.In the text A section(1-2 period)

A.Lets the students answer the text-related questions(in the exercises), helps them identify the main idea of each paragraph.B.Analyzes some language points while discussing the whole text with the students.Language Points imagine v.to form a picture in your mind of what something might be

e.g.She imagined singing her favorite song on a big stage.她想象著自己在一個巨大的舞臺上唱自己最喜歡的歌曲。Close your eyes and imagine(that)you are in a forest.閉上眼睛，想象自己在森林里。

blink n.(usually singular)the act of shutting and opening your eyes very quickly

e.g.He finished all his food in the blink of an eye.一眨眼功夫他把食物全吃光了。

She does not comprehend the meaning of my blink.她沒有領會我眨眼的意思。

I never imagined going from name games to essays in a blink

I hadn’t thought I would change from playing games to studying hard so fast.orientation n.training or information that you are given before starting a new job, course, etc.e.g.This is orientation week for all the new students.這是讓全體新生熟悉情況的迎新周。imaginable

a.used with superlatives, and with “all” and “every”, to emphasize that something is the best, worst, etc.that you can imagine, or includes every possible example

e.g.This is the only solution imaginable.這是唯一可想得到的解決辦法。

dirt cheap(informal)extremely cheap, as cheap as dirt

e.g.The shop owner let us have the stuff dirt cheap.(used as adverb)店主很便宜地賣給我們這些東西。catch up on to find out about things that have happened

e.g.Let me catch you up on all the gossip.我跟你透露一點最近的閑話。

gossip

n.informal talk or stories about other people’s private lives, that may be unkind or not true

e.g.Don’t believe all the gossip you hear.別對那些道聽途說都信以為真。

And then came…

Here the subject and verb are in an inverted order.comfirm

v.to state or show that something is true or correct, especially by providing more evidence

e.g.Research has confirmed that the risk is higher for women.研究證實這種風險對女性來講要大一些?！璽hat I will be piled down with reading and papers… that I will be loaded with piles of books and papers...drop by to pay an informal visit to a person or a place

e.g.I’ve got to drop by the bank to get some money.我得順便到銀行去取點錢。

The rest of the language point was written on the paper of textbook.Text A-related Exercises(1 period)

Guides the students through the exercises, focusing on certain items or leaving some exercises as the students homework according to the students different levels of English.Language points and related grammar 一.并列連詞not only…but also…用法歸納

not only…but also表示“不僅……而且”“既……又”，用于連接兩個性質(zhì)相同的詞或短語。如：Not only men but also women were chosen.不僅僅是男的，女的也有被選中的。

We were not only hungry, but also tired.我們不但餓了，而且也累了。另外，在使用not only…but also…時還應注意以下幾點：

1.有時可將but also分開用，即將but視為普通的并列連詞，用于連接兩個句子，然后將also用于句中（用謂語動詞用在一起）。如：

He’s not only very fast, but he’s also got marvellous technique.他不僅很快，而且技術高超。

2.該結構中的also有時可以省略，或將also換成too, as well（置于句末）。如： He not only washed the car, but polished it too [as well].他不僅沖洗汽車，而且還擦拭了它。His name is known not only in Japan, but in China.他不僅在日本出名，而且在中國也出名。

3.有時因為語境的需要，not only…but also…也可能用于連接兩個性質(zhì)不同的詞或短語，但這多半因為承前省略的原因。如：

He not only goes to work on weekdays, but also on weekends.他不僅工作日去上班，在周末也去上班。

句中的not only后接的是謂語goes to，而but also后接的卻是狀語 on weekends，可視為but also后承前省略了謂語動詞 goes to work。

4.當not only…but also連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)原則上與其相近的主語保持一致。如：

Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.不僅學生們在欣賞這部影片，他們的老師也在欣賞這部影片。

5.為了強調(diào)，可將not only置于句首，此時其后的句子通常要用部分倒裝的形式。如： Not only has she been late three times, she has also done no work.她不僅僅遲到了3次，她還沒干一點活。

二．What引導的名詞性從句

語法：

一.要掌握好what在句子中的語義。

1.表示―……的人‖，相當于the person that…。如： He is not what he was a few years ago.他不是幾年前的他了。

Who is it that has made Fred what he is now？是誰把弗雷德培養(yǎng)成現(xiàn)在這樣一個人的？

2.表示―……的地方‖，相當于the place that…。如： This is what they call Salt Lake City.這就是他們稱作鹽湖城的地方。

What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.現(xiàn)在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部曾經(jīng)是一個文明世界。

3.表示―……的數(shù)目‖，相當于the amount/number that…。如： Our income is now double what is was ten years ago.我們現(xiàn)在的收入是十年前的兩倍。

The number of the students in our school has reached as many as 20,000, ten times what it was before liberation.現(xiàn)在我校學生多達2萬人，是解放前的十倍。

4.what的這種特殊含義可以根據(jù)句子的意思在翻譯時靈活處理，不可千篇一律。例如： The color of the flower is different from what it was in the morning.那朵花的顏色與早晨的不同。（what=the color that）二.要掌握好what引導名詞性從句的類型。1.賓語從句（用作動詞或介詞的賓詞）。例如：

When you answer questions in a job interview，please remember the golden rule：Always give the monkey exactly what he wants.求職面試時，請記住這條黃金定律：永遠給予對方確實想要的東西。2.主語從句。例如：

What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.他在會上說的話令每個與會者震驚。

3.表語從句。例如：

Perseverance is a kind of quality and that’s what it takes to do anything well.堅定不移是一種品質(zhì)——能使人做好任何事情。Air is to us what water is to fish.空氣對于我們就像水對于魚一樣（重要）。

4.同位語從句（用在idea, message等名詞后）。例如。I have no idea what we should do next.我不知道下一步我們該干什么。

（Tips what引導名詞性從句的三大特點：首先what引導名詞性從句的時候what在句中不省略。其次，what引導名詞性從句的時候具有詞匯意義。最后，what引導名詞性從句的時候不僅起引導作用，同時還要做句中的某個句法成分。）

Grammar, F & N and Writing Grammar 名詞的復數(shù)形式

一、概說：

英語中的名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，可數(shù)名詞又分為單數(shù)形式和復數(shù)形式，名詞的復數(shù)形式可分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化以及一些特殊的形式。下面分別介紹。

二、規(guī)則名詞的復數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則如下：

1．大多數(shù)在詞尾加―s‖，例如：books, pens, classrooms等等。

2．以s, x, sh, ch結尾的名詞大多數(shù)在詞尾加―es‖，例如：classes, boxes, brushes, dishes, watches, buzzes（嗡嗡聲）等等。但也有例外，如：stomach—stomachs(胃、肚子)等等。

3．以輔音字母加―y‖結尾的詞應改―y‖為―i‖，再加―es‖，例如：cities, universities(大學)，factories等等。

4．以元音字母加―y‖結尾的詞應直接加―s‖，例如：boys, toys等等。

5．以―f‖和―fe‖結尾的名詞應改―f‖和―fe‖為―ves‖，例如：shelf—shelves，knife—knives。但也有例外，如：roof—roofs，cliff—cliffs（懸崖），hoof—hoofs（馬蹄），belief—beliefs（信仰），chief—chiefs（首領），proof—proofs(證明)，safe—safes(保險箱)，reef—reefs(礁)等等。此外還有一些該類名詞的復數(shù)形式有兩種變化形式的，如：scarf—scarfs/scarves（頭巾）, dwarf—dwarfs/dwarves（矮子）, wharf—wharfs/wharves(碼頭), handkerchief—handkerchiefs/handkerchieves(手帕)等等。

6．以―o‖結尾的名詞的復數(shù)形式一般在詞尾加―es‖，例如：hero—heroes, echo—echoes(回音)，等等。但也有例外，如：zoo—zoos, radio—radios, piano—pianos, photo—photos, memo—memos(備忘錄), solo—solos(獨唱、獨奏), kilo—kilos(公斤)等。

7．有些名詞的復數(shù)形式有兩種，但意思不一樣，一種跟原來相同，一種跟原來不同，例如：colour—colours(顏色/旗幟)，arm—arms(手臂/武器)，custom—customs(習慣/海關)

三、不規(guī)則變化主要有下面幾種：

1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth

mouse---mice

man---men woman---women

注意：與 man 和 woman構成的合成詞，其復數(shù)形式也是-men 和-women。

如： an Englishman，two Englishmen.但German不是合成詞，故復數(shù)形式為Germans；Bowman是姓，其復數(shù)是the Bowmans。2）單復同形如：

deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese

li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin

但除人民幣元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復數(shù)形式。如: a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters 3）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實為復數(shù)。

如： people police cattle 等本身就是復數(shù)，不能說 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以說a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名詞，表示國民總稱時，作復數(shù)用。

如： The Chinese are industries and brave.中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。4）以s結尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：

a.maths，politics，physics等學科名詞，為不可數(shù)名詞，是單數(shù)。b.news 是不可數(shù)名詞。

c.the United States，the United Nations 應視為單數(shù)。

The United Nations was organized in 1945.聯(lián)合國是1945年組建起來的。d.以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名，劇名，報紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。

“The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事書。

5)表示由兩部分構成的東西，如：glasses(眼鏡)trousers, clothes

若表達具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對，雙);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers 6）另外還有一些名詞，其復數(shù)形式有時可表示特別意思，如：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes（各種）魚

7)．外來詞，例如：crisis--crises(危機), basis--bases(基礎)，analysis—analyses(分析)，phenomenon—phenomena(現(xiàn)象)

四、特殊的復數(shù)形式

．一些不可數(shù)名詞，如waters、teas等的復數(shù)形式可表種類，譯：各種各樣的……，例如：I have many teas at home.我家有許多種茶。

2．具體化的名詞，如cloth、paper等的復數(shù)形式，可用來表示某種特殊用途的東西，例如：

Please pass me a(table)cloth（桌布、臺布）so that I can clean the table.I can see many sweet papers（糖果紙）on the ground after the party.3．一些抽象名詞，如thanks;wishes;congratulations;regards；greetings和cheers等用在英語句子里面時必須固定地使用復數(shù)形式，例如： Best wishes to you!Please give my best regards/greetings to your parents.4．一些數(shù)字，如1920’s或1920s的，表示20世紀20年代，例如： In the 1920s, he went to a European country.He was born in the 1960’s.5．整十的數(shù)字的復數(shù)形式，如thirties, eighties可表示―幾十歲‖，例如： He joined the Party in his thirties.他三十幾歲時入黨。

6．英文字母，如b’s、f’s、s’(后面的―s‖可以被省略)，的復數(shù)形式，例如： In the word ―differ‖, there are two f’s.We must pay much attention to the s’ at the end of the words.7．有時一些原來不具備復數(shù)形式的詞，如dos和don’ts等，必要時也可以復數(shù)形式，這類詞也有人把它看作是被名詞化，例如：

In the lab, there are many dos and many don’ts that we must follow.8．人名，如Mary、John等可以表示―幾個……的人”，例如：

There are two Johns in our class, but in the whole school, there are six.9．姓氏，如Black, Green等可以表示一家人或者夫妻，例如： After dinner, the Blacks are usually watching TV at home.五、復合名詞的復數(shù)形式，一般可以分為以下幾種：

1．在詞尾加-s或-es，例如：film-goers(?？措娪暗娜?、tooth-brushes（牙刷）、greenhouses（溫室、暖房）、go-betweens（中間人）、grown-ups（成年人）2．在主體名詞末加-s，例如：lookers-on（旁觀者）、passers-by（過路人）、sons-in-law（女婿）、daughters-in-law（媳婦）、gentlemen-at-arms（侍衛(wèi)官）、ladies-in-waiting（侍女、宮女）

3．兩個成分都加-s，例如：men-doctors（男醫(yī)生）、women workers（女

工人）。

但英、美國家的人不用lady來搭配復數(shù)，因為它帶有輕視的語氣。而含 boy或girl的復合名詞中，boy和girl都不用復數(shù)，例如：boy-students（男學生）、girl nurses（女護士）、boy friends（男朋友）、girl monitors女班長

不規(guī)則單詞復數(shù)總結

deer---deer sheep---sheep fish---fish Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese foot---feet tooth---teeth goose – geese man---men woman---women policeman-policemen mouse---mice child---children

this---these that---those I---we me---us you---you he/she/it/---they him/her/it---them

Functions and Notions Greeting and Introduction Object: Master the basic language and skills to use greeting and introduction sentence and phrases.A.Give a brief translation on some common expressions for making Greeting and Introduction so as to more understand them;B.Have the students listen to dialogue 1-2(2-3 times)and fill in the blanks with the missing words;C.Ask one student to read aloud the talk, so students can check their completed answers;D.Now have them look for the attitude words and phrases in the conversation;E.Next, students can role-play the conversation.Exercise: Make a conversation according to the following situation, using expressions for greeting and introduction.On the way to Teaching Building One, your friend and you meet a visiting student from America who is going to study in your class for one term.The teacher tells them how to do these exercises and presents any topic-related expressions on the chalkboard in advance, which can be used when the students make preparation for oral presentation.Writing Writing for General Purposes: General or Specific Word General

英語語言中籠統(tǒng)詞有have，take，go，turn，make，think 等，籠統(tǒng)詞的重要特點在于意義廣泛，搭配性強，構成詞組后可以替代眾多具體動詞。雖然不能精確表達一個動作，卻能大致表達意思。在一些具體動詞寫不出來的時候，用這些籠統(tǒng)詞取代，也能收到異曲同工的效果。

eg.The old sofa will have to discard.= The old sofa will have to go.這一句中，如果想不起來discard，就用go代替，即The old sofa will have to go.Go的使用讓句子更為生動了，discard意為“扔掉，廢棄”，而go的本意是表明人的來去，用到此處the old sofa也有了生命，生動了起來。四六級作文中，在詞匯量不足或是單詞不會寫的時候，適當使用這些詞匯，可以讓句子表達完整。

Specific Word 在文章的寫作中，少運用一些general words,反而多增加specific images.例如: car 就是general words,因為車的種類有很多。而Benz SUV 就是specific images。在考試的時候，多使用specific words可以幫助把物體解釋的更清楚。下面，讓我們通過幾個例子來證明: 例１ General: Tom got into his car and drove off.Specific: Tom leaped into his SUV and roared off.General words 對人物，地點，和事物的介紹都無法給讀者準備的信息，所以為了更清楚的說明，把這些名詞都應該換成specific words.英語習語(idioms)語言是文化的載體，習語又是語言的精華。英語習語(idioms)，即英語的習慣用語，英語習語就其廣義而言，包括成語(set phrases)、格言(sayings)、典故(allusions)、、俗語(proverbs)、俚語(slang)等，一般指那些常用在一起，具有特定形式的詞組，其蘊含的意義往往不能從詞組中單個詞的意思推測而得。英語習語形象鮮明，寓意深刻，蘊涵著豐富的文化內(nèi)涵，具有鮮明的民族特色，是人類智慧的結晶。它是英語中表達力最強、文化內(nèi)涵最豐富的一部分，在英語教學中，必須注意英語習語的教學。雖然它一直是英語學習或英語教學的重點和難點，對英語教學有著及其重要的促進作用。1愛屋及烏 Love me, love my dog.2.百聞不如一見 Seeing is believing.3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many;to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst.4.笨鳥先飛 A slow sparrow should make an early start.5.不眠之夜 white night

第三篇：新視野4冊聽力教案

Unit 1 BookⅣ New Horizon College English

Ⅰ.Teaching Objectives:

1.The students should generally understand the talks concerning “The Temptation of a Respectable Woman”

2.The students can briefly communicate with other people about this topic.Ⅱ.Main Tasks: 1.Understanding Short Conversations 2.Understanding Long Conversations 3.Understanding passages Ⅲ.Duration: 2 Periods(90 minutes)Ⅳ.Teaching Arrangements

Step One Understanding Short Conversation(20’)Step Two Understanding Long Conversations(20’)Step Three Understanding Passages(50’)Ⅴ.Suggested Ways of Teaching 1.When playing the disk for first time in each step, the teacher should encourage the students to try their best to get the correct words or the main ideas of the passage.2.When playing the disk for the second time, the teacher can give the students some explanations about the sentences or passages in terms of the background and context.It is a good way to insert useful information when the students are listening and coming across difficulties.Ⅵ.Homework:

The students should keep listening to what they have learned in the language laboratory at least half an hour every day either from their recorders or from school radio IV.Lecture scripts:(by the teachers)Unit Two Book Ⅳ New Horizon College English Ⅰ.Teaching Objectives: 1.The students should generally understand the talks concerning Charlie Chaplin.2.The students can briefly communicate with other people about this topic.Ⅱ.Main Tasks: 1.Understanding short conversations 3.Understanding Passages Ⅲ.Duration: 2 Periods(90 minutes)Ⅳ.Teaching Arrangements: Step One: Understanding short conversation(20’)Step Three: Understanding Passages(70’)Ⅴ.Suggested Ways of Teaching: 1.When playing the disk for the first time in each step, the teacher should encourage the students to try their best to get the correct words or the main ideas of the passages.2.When playing the disk for the second time, the teacher can give the students some explanations about the sentences or passages in terms of the background and context.It is a good way to insert useful information when the students are listening and coming across difficulties.Ⅵ.Homework: The students should keep listening on what they have learned in the language laboratory at least half an hour every day either from their recorders or from school radio.Unit Three BookⅣ New Horizon College English

Ⅰ.Teaching Objectives:

1.The students should generally understand the conversations and passages and can make the correct judgments on what they’ve heard.2.The students can briefly communicate with other people about topics in the book and also, assignments given by teacher.Ⅱ.Main Tasks: 1.Understanding short conversations 2.Understanding long conversations 3.Understanding passages 4.Speaking Ⅲ.Duration: 2 Periods(90 minutes)Ⅳ.Teaching Arrangements

Step One

Understanding short conversations(20’)Step Two

Understanding long conversations(20’)Step Three Understanding passages(50’)Ⅴ.Suggested Ways of Teaching 3.When playing the disk for first time in each step, the teacher should encourage the students to try their best to get the correct choice or the main ideas of the passage.4.When playing the disk for the second time, the teacher can give the students some explanations about the sentences or passages in terms of the background and context.It is a good way to insert useful information when the students are listening and coming across difficulties.Ⅵ.Homework:

The students should keep listening to what they have learned in the language laboratory at least half an hour every day either from their recorders or from school radio.And the speaking content is assigned for the students to practice after class.IV.Lecture scripts :(by the teachers)Words:

1.preconceive: to form(an opinion, for example)before possessing full or adequate knowledge or experience.2.incorporate: include 3.4.5.6.dignity: the quality or state of being worthy of esteem or respect eviction: compel deduction: the act of deducting;subtraction frantically: highly excited with strong emotion or frustration Unit four BookⅣ New Horizon College English

Ⅰ.Teaching Objectives:

1.The students should generally understand the talks concerning the telecommunications revolution.2.The students can briefly communicate with other people about this topic.Ⅱ.Main Tasks: 1.Understanding short conversations 2.Understanding long conversations 3.Understanding passages Ⅲ.Duration: 2 Periods(90 minutes)Ⅳ.Teaching Arrangements

Step One

Understanding short conversations(20’)Step Two

Understanding long conversations(20’)Step Three Understanding passages(50’)Ⅴ.Suggested Ways of Teaching 1.When playing the disk for first time in each step, the teacher should encourage the students to try their best to get the correct choice or the main ideas of the passage.2.When playing the disk for the second time, the teacher can give the students some explanations about the sentences or passages in terms of the background and context.It is a good way to insert useful information when the students are listening and coming across difficulties.Ⅵ.Homework:

1.tenant: person who pays rent to a landlord for the use of a room, a building, land ,etc.2.ventilation: system or method by which a room, building, etc.is ventilated.3.evict: to remove(a tenant)from a house or land, esp.with the support of the law 4.alternation: successive change from one thing or state to another and back again

5.not have a leg to stand on: to be in a situation where you cannot prove or legally support what you say 6.Tenabts’ Action Union 7.crown… with…: to complete or conclude sth.in a worthy or perfect way 8.elocution: art or style of speaking clearly and effectively, esp.in public 9.metallic twang: sound of metal 10.Galaxy Four 11.pager: a small machine that one carries in a pocket, that makes short high noises to tell the person who is wearing it that he must telephone someone 12.beep: to make a short high sound 13.disproportion: out of proportion, as in size, shape, or amount 14.foresee: to see in advance;predict Unit Five Book IV New Horizon College English

Ⅰ.Teaching Objectives:

1.The students should generally understand the listening materials concerning “Choose to be Alone on Purpose”

2.The students can briefly communicate with other people about this topic.Ⅱ.Main Tasks: 1.Understanding short conversations 2.Understanding long conversations 3.Understanding passages Ⅲ.Duration: 2 Periods(90 minutes)Ⅳ.Teaching Arrangements

Step One Understanding short conversations(20’)Step Two Understanding long conversations(20’)Step Three Understanding Passages(50’)

(Note: T&F listening passages, if time is not enough, can be taken as extensive reading and the teacher can play it only once.)Ⅴ.Suggested Ways of Teaching 1.When playing the disk for the first time in each step, the teacher should encourage the students to try their best to get the key words, important phrases or the main ideas of the conversations and passages.2.When playing the disk for the second time, the teacher can give the students some explanations about the words, phrases in terms of the background and context.It is a good way to insert useful information when the students are listening and coming across difficulties.Ⅵ.Homework:

6.accommodation 7.separatemess 8.antisocial 9.illusion 10.secure 11.tend to 12.seek out 13.in solitude 14.transform from… to…

15.offend 16.be conscious of 17.be wary of 24.boom 18.out of sight 19.lodge in 20.adjust to Conversational Skills: Defining :

1.The definition of 2.It means … 3.I may define 4.is to 5.explain 6.do you mean 7.That is to say

Unit Six Book IV New Horizon College English Ⅰ.Teaching Objectives

3.The students should generally understand the talks concerning “Bribery and Business Ethics” 4.The students can briefly communicate with other people about this topic.Ⅱ.Main Tasks 1.Understanding Short Conversations 2.Understanding Long Conversation 3.Understanding passages Ⅲ.Duration 2 Periods(90 minutes)Ⅳ.Teaching Arrangements

Step One

Understanding short conversations(30’)Step Two

Understanding long conversation(10’)Step Three Understanding passages(50’)

Ⅴ.Suggested Ways of Teaching 1.When playing the disk for the first time in each step, the teacher should encourage the students to try their best to get the key words, important phrases or the main ideas of the conversations and passages.2.When playing the disk for the second time, the teacher can give the students some explanations about the words, phrases in terms of the background and context.It is a good way to insert useful information when the students are listening and coming across difficulties.Ⅵ.Homework

The students should keep listening to what they have learned in the language laboratory at least half an hour every day either from their recorders or from school radio Ⅶ.Lecture Scripts

第四篇：教師版感悟高考必修1unit1

（教師版）必修1感悟高考unit

11.（2011上海春季）The results of the study indicated that it was the type of fact ______made the difference.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.as

【解析】A賓語從句為強調(diào)句型?！把芯拷Y果表明就是這種脂肪產(chǎn)生了影響”

2.(2011陜西)It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _____benefits our work most.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what

3.(2011湖南)It’s not what we do once in a while _______shapes our lives, but what we do consistently.A.whichB.thatC.howD.when

【解析】C 這兩題都是考查強調(diào)句型，并且復合了not...but...結構

4.(2011四川)Was it on a lonely island _____he was saved one month after the boat went down?

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what

【解析】B 考查強調(diào)句型的疑問句形式。

5.(2011江西會昌月考)I am tired ____the partner I have been working with;he is too hard a person ______.A.with;to get along withB.from;to be got alone with

C.of;to get along withD.of;getting along with

【解析】C 考查be tired of 對?厭倦，get along with 與?相處

6.(2011濟寧模擬)Kate saw Tom coming but she ____ him.A.noticedB.watchedC.ignoredD.introduced

【解析】C ignore 不理睬，忽視

7.(2010上海春季)It was by making great efforts ______she caugt up with other students.A.howB.whoC.whatD.that

【解析】D

8.(2010遼寧)Alexander tried to get his work _____in the medical circles.A.to recognizeB.recognizingC.recognizeD.recognized

【解析】Dget sth.done “使某事被做”

9.(2010遼寧)The fact that she was foreign made _____difficult for her to get a job in that country.A.soB.muchC.thatD.it

【解析】D 考查句型“?make it + 形容詞+（for sb）+ to do ?”it為形式賓語,真正的賓語是不定式。

10.(2010全國I)The workers _____the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”.A.carriedB.deliveredC.pressedD.packed

【解析】D 工人們把那些玻璃杯打包，并且在每個盒子上標上“此面向上”的字樣。

11.(2010上海)I had great difficulty _____the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.A.findB.foundC.to findD.finding

【解析】D 考查句型：have difficulty/trouble/problems(in)doing 做??有困難

12.(2010陜西)You look well.the air and the sea foods in Sanya must ____you, I suppose.A.agree withB.agree toC.agree onD.agree about

【解析】Aagree with（對某人的健康或胃口）適合。如：If the type of food does not agree with you ,it makes you feel ill.13.(2010遼寧)The new movie ____to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time.A.promisesB.agreesC.pretendsD.declines

【解析】A 這部新電影有望成為有史以來最賺錢的電影之一。Promise to be 有希望成為； agree to do sth 同意做某事；pretend to do sth 假裝做某事；decline to do sth 拒絕做某事。

14.(2009江西)It was _____ he came back from Africa that year ____he met the girl he would like to marry.A.when;thenB.not;untilC.not until;thatD.only;that

【解析】 C考查not?until的強調(diào)句型：It is /was + not until(時間狀語)+ that + 其他成分。本句還可表達為：① He didn’t meet the girl he would like to marry until he came back from Africa that year.② Not until he came back from Africa that year did he meet the girl he would like to marry.15.(2009陜西)This is the first time we ____a film in the cinema together as a family.A.seeB.had seenC.sawD.have seen

【解析】D.考查句型：This / That / It will be / is / was the first / second / last time(that)sb.have / had done sth.某人第幾次做某事了

16.(2009湖南)Every evening after dinner, if not ____from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A.being tiredB.tiringC.tiredD.to be tired

【解析】C be tired from “因。。。疲倦”，使用了省略句式，即省去了I am

17.(2009四川)---Have you ___?

---No.I had the wrong number.A.get inB.got awayC.got offD.got through

【解析】 D 短語考查。get in 進入，抵達，收獲； get away 走開，逃脫；get off(從。。。)下來，逃脫懲罰；get through 打通電話，完成，通過，講清楚

18.(2009遼寧)It’s the first time that he has been to Australia, ____?

A.isn’t heB.hasn’t heC.isn’t itD.hasn’t it

【解析】 C 句型It will be / is / was the first / second time that…, 反義疑問句的構成依據(jù)主句的主語和謂語而定。

19.(2008全國Ⅱ)The director had her assistant ____ some hot dogs for the meeting.A.picked upB.picks upC.pick upD.picking up

【解析】C 主任讓他的助理順便買了些熱狗來參加會議。have sb do sth 讓某人做某事；have sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事；have sth done 使某事被做。

20.(2007遼寧)You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ____home in the snowstorm.A.walkedB.walkC.to walkD.walking

【解析】D.have difficulty doing sth 的變體，賓語從句為感嘆句型。

21.(2007全國Ⅰ)We all know that,____ , the situation will get worse.A.not if dealt carefully withB.if not carefully dealt with

C.if dealt not carefully withD.not if carefully dealt with

【解析】 B 考查非謂語動詞省略句的用法。句子還原為：If it is not carefully dealt with?

22.(2007福建)---You are always full of ___.Can you tell the secret?

---Taking plenty of exercise every day.A.powerB.strengthC.forceD.energy

【解析】D full of energy 精力充沛，充滿活力。A 某種能力；B 體力，力氣，力量；C權利，武力

23.(2007天津)He didn’t make ____ clear when and where the meeting would be held.A.thisB.thatC.itD.these

【解析】C 他沒有說清楚會議將于何時、何地召開。make 后缺形式賓語。

24.(2006重慶)----How are you managing to do your work without an assistant?---Well, I ____somehow.A.get alongB.come onC.watch outD.set off

【解析】A 沒有助手你如何完成你的工作？嗯，不管怎樣，我都會讓工作有所進展的。

25.(2005遼寧)All these gifts must be mailed immediately ____in time for Christmas.A.in order to have receivedB.in order to receive

C.so as to be receivedD.so as to be receiving

【解析】C 句子的主語是All these gifts，要用不定式的被動形式。不定式在這里表目的。

26.(2008 湖北)The young man made a ____to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.A.predictionB.promiseC.planD.contribution

【解析】B 這個年輕人向他的父母許下諾言，畢業(yè)后他要努力自謀生計。

27.（2011?湖北八校第二次聯(lián)考）The rising house price and the high income taxation rate have become the biggest ___________ of people in China today.A.concernB.influenceC.involvementD.occupation

【解析】A

第五篇：新視野大學英語1教案

New Horizon College English 1.1

Unit 1 Preview The days of a “one-size-fits-all” education system have passed.Traditional classrooms no longer provide the only means of meeting one?s learning needs.Some students are taking courses online and finding advantages to this new way of learning.The number one advantage is that online learning is more convenient.Students can choose when and where they learn.Another advantage is that students do not feel intimidated by teachers who lack patience or by students with higher skill levels.Students can take time to think through answers before making a reply.There are still many advantages to the traditional classroom, ?out if a student studies well independently, he or she might do well to try learning online.Section A Pre-reading Activity The Internet may be able to help you overcome your frustrations with learning English.I started learning English when I was in junior middle school.I didn?t, however, gain command of the language in the classroom.It was only when I tried learning English through an online course that I finally became proficient.The online course was just as difficult as classroom study, but it provided better results.There were many other advantages to online learning as well.It taught me how to manage my time better to include my online studies in my busy schedule.Learning better time management has paid many rewards since.1.The speaker started to learn English when he was in junior middle school.He gained command of the language after he took English through an online course.2.Online learning has taught the speaker to better manage his time so that he could include his online studies in his busy schedule.Learning better time management has paid many rewards since.Text: Learning a Foreign Language

New Words

<1>reward vt.give sth.in return for good and valuable doings |獎賞；回報 He was rewarded handsomely for his efforts.|他的努力得到了可觀的回報。

It is often necessary to reward people for their hard work, if you want them to continue working hard for you.|如果你想要人們繼續(xù)努力工作，就有必要獎勵他們的工作。

n.|[C, U] sth.as a return for good and valuable doings |獎賞；回報

As a reward for passing the exams, she got a new bike from her parents.|因為通過了考試，父母獎勵給她一輛新自行車。

She got no reward for all the hard work she did.|她辛苦的工作并沒有得到嘉獎

<2>rewarding a.|giving sb.satisfaction, pleasure, or profit |值得做的，有益的，有意義的 Doing exercise can be very rewarding for everyone.|鍛煉身體對每個人都會有好處。She finds her career very rewarding.|她覺得自己的工作很有意義。

<3>frustrate

vt.1.cause sb.to have feelings of disappointment |使沮喪，使灰心

The lack of evidence in this case is frustrating the police.|警方因案件缺乏證據(jù)而感到傷腦筋。The difficulties of learning a new language frustrated the students who wanted to use the language right away.|學習一門新語言的困難使那些想立即使用那種語言的學生沮喪不已。

2.cause the failure of sth.|使挫敗，使受挫折

The bad weather frustrated our hopes of going out.|壞天氣使我們打消了外出的念頭。The police frustrated his attempt to escape.|警方挫敗了他逃跑的企圖。

<4>junior |a.|having a low position, level, or rank |（地位、水平、層次）較低的

She started work as a junior reporter on a local newspaper before working her way up to higher positions.|她從本地一家報社當初級記者干起，通過努力職位不斷上升。

Students spend six years in elementary education and three years in junior middle school.|學生在小學上六年，初中上三年。

n.|1.[C] sb.who is younger |年少者 He is my junior by several years.|他比我小幾歲。

She married a man seven years her junior.|她跟一個比自己小7歲的男人結了婚。

2.[C] sb.of low or lower position |（地位或等級）較低者；晚輩

She joined the firm a year ago and is now my junior.|她一年前到公司工作，現(xiàn)在是我的下屬。

The senior officer should have been aware of what his juniors were doing.|那位上司早該清楚自己下屬的所作所為。

<5>positive |a.|1.helpful and encouraging in achieving sth.|積極的

Everyone went to Mary for advice, because Mary was known for having a positive attitude and being able to make other people feel good.|大家都向瑪麗討教，因為眾所周知她總是態(tài)度積極, 會使大家感覺良好。

We need to take positive steps to improve the situation of families in poverty.|我們必須采取積極措施改善貧困家庭的處境。

2.definite;allowing no room for doubt |確實的，明確的

It seems unlikely to me, but she seemed very positive.|這在我看來是不可能的，但她卻非?？隙?。

I'm absolutely positive I haven't made a mistake.|我沒有錯，這一點我絕對肯定。

n.|1.[C] sb.who is older |較年長者

Seniors can get a 10% discount in this department store.|老人在該百貨店可得到九折的優(yōu)惠。Her husband was nine years her senior.|她丈夫比她大9歲。

2.[C] sb.of high or higher position |（地位或等級）較高者；長輩 Only the seniors made the decisions among us.|在我們中間只有年資較高的人才有決定權。The three vice ministers are my seniors.|三位副部長都是我的上司。

<7>former |a.|of an earlier period |在前的，以前的，舊時的

In former times, people were hanged for stealing in Britain.|以前，在英國小偷被處以絞刑。

The park has been reduced to half its former size.|公園的規(guī)模已被縮減到以前的一半大了。

n.|(the ~)the first of the two people or things just mentioned |前者

Between small changes and big changes, the former is more likely.|在小變化和大變化兩者之中，前者的可能性更大。

Given the choice between a white T-shirt and a green one, most people would choose the former because green is not popular.|如果讓大家選擇是要白T恤還是綠T恤，大多數(shù)會選擇前者，因為綠色不流行。

<8>unlike |prep.|not like;different from |不像；和...不同

He was firm and steady unlike other men she knew.|他堅毅、穩(wěn)健，跟她認識的其他男人不一樣。

Her recent report is quite unlike her earlier work.|她最近的報告與以前的大不相同。

<9>intimidate |vt.|create a feeling of fear |恐嚇，威脅

They intimidated him into doing what they wanted.|他們脅迫他干他們要干的事。

John intimidated his brother into not telling their parents the truth.|約翰威脅他弟弟，不準他把真相告訴父母。

<10>opportunity |n.|[C, U] a good moment or chance for doing sth.|機會，時機

He loved music, but because his family was poor, he didn't have an opportunity to take lessons.|他喜愛音樂，但因家里太窮，他沒有機會去學。

All he needs is an opportunity to show his ability.|他需要的只是展現(xiàn)自己才能的機會。

<11>online |a.|connected to other computers through the Internet |聯(lián)線的；聯(lián)網(wǎng)的；在線的

He took an online course to improve his English.|他選了網(wǎng)上課程以提高英語水平。The result of the online survey has proved to be positive.|在線調(diào)查結果證明是積極的。

ad.|doing sth.online |聯(lián)線地；聯(lián)網(wǎng)地

I'll just go online and look up her address.|我剛好要上網(wǎng)查她的地址。

Today more than 80% of customer's questions are answered online.| 現(xiàn)今，顧客80%以上的咨詢都給予在線答復。

<12>communication |n.|[U] the action of sending and exchanging information |交流；交際；通訊

Mobile phone is an important means of communication.|手機是重要的通訊工具。

Generation gap arises from a lack of communication between the young and the old.|代溝的產(chǎn)生是由于青老年間缺乏交流。

a.|of middle size, amount, or quality |中等的

They have a medium-sized house in the heart of the city.|他們在市中心有幢中等大小的房子。

What size shirt does he wear—medium or large? |他適合穿哪個尺碼的襯衣——大號還是中

號？

<14>modem |n.|[C] |調(diào)制解調(diào)器

He forgot to get a modem when he bought his computer.|他買計算機時忘記拿調(diào)制解調(diào)器了。A modem is necessary for connecting to the Internet.|連接因特網(wǎng)必須用調(diào)制解調(diào)器。

<15>access |n.|1.[U] the right to have or use sth.|享用權

The people in the school have access to that computer lab for free.|這個學校里的人可以免費使用那間電腦室。

Students have access to many different courses to satisfy their individual interests and career plans.|學生可以選擇多種課程以滿足他們的個人興趣和職業(yè)規(guī)劃。

2.[U] the means of entering a place |通道；入口 That is the only access into the building.|這是通向大樓的唯一通道。

The road was the only access into and out of the small village.|這條路是進出這個小村子的唯一通道。

<16>participate |vi.|take part |參與，參加

Some members refused to participate.|有些成員拒絕參加。

Only persons aged 8 years or over may participate in the spelling contest.|只有年滿8歲或8歲以上的人才可參加拼寫比賽。

<17>virtual |a.|1.created by the computer to be similar to the experience of real life |虛擬的

This device helps make virtual reality a more usable and accessible technology.|該設備有助于提高虛擬現(xiàn)實技術的實用性和易用性。

Their recent online studies began with an introduction to the demands of the virtual classroom.|他們新近的在線研究是以對虛擬教室需求介紹開始的。

2.almost what is stated |實質(zhì)上的；實際上的

It is a virtual certainty that you will become the best student in this class;you've always been the best in everything.|事實上已肯定你將是班上最好的學生；你一直在各方面都是最棒的。Finding a parking space in the busy season is a virtual impossibility.|想在旺季找到停車位是不現(xiàn)實的。

<18>commitment |n.1.[U] the hard work and loyalty that sb.gives to an organization, activity, etc.|投入, 致力，獻身

My commitment to study has made me the most successful person in my small town.|我對學習的投入使我成為小鎮(zhèn)上最成功的人。

It's a part-time program, but it's still a big time commitment.|這雖然不是個全職項目，但卻需要投入大量的時間。

2.[C] a promise to follow certain beliefs or actions |承諾，許諾，保證 Marriage is a lifelong commitment.|婚姻是終生的承諾。

The governor has made a strong commitment to creating more jobs in the state.|州長信誓旦旦地保證要給州里創(chuàng)造更多工作機會。

2.[C] a branch of learning |學科

She has not yet decided which discipline to take at college, but she might study history.|她沒有決定在大學選修哪門學科，但她可能學歷史。

The traditional academic disciplines are less popular among students, who now prefer subjects such as business studies.|傳統(tǒng)的學術科目受學生歡迎的程度有所降低，而今工商類的課程更受他們青睞。

<20>minimum |a.|the least, or the smallest possible |最低的，最小的 The minimum age to buy cigarettes is 18.|購買香煙最低年齡是18歲。

The minimum amount of money to open an account at that bank is ten dollars.|在那個銀行開戶至少要有10美元。

n.|[sing.] the smallest amount |最低限度；最少量 You have to stay for a minimum of seven days.|你起碼要呆上7天。

The price is her minimum;she refuses to lower it any more.|這是她開的最低價，她拒絕再降價。

<21>assignment |n.|[C] a piece of work given to a particular person |任務；作業(yè)

Half the workers were given different assignments.|有一半的工人被分配到不同的任務中。The teacher asked her students to finish their assignments every day.|老師要求學生每天完成作業(yè)。

<22>embarrass |vt.|make sb.feel ashamed, nervous, or uncomfortable |使尷尬，使難堪 Getting up on stage without knowing what to say embarrassed me.|上臺不知道說什么使我感到尷尬。

I hope I didn't embarrass you in front of your friends.|但愿我沒有讓你在朋友面前感到尷尬。

<23> embarrassing a.|making sb.feel embarrassed |使人尷尬的；令人難堪的 Don't ask me such embarrassing questions.|別問我這種尷尬的問題。The situation is embarrassing.|這種情形令人很尷尬。

<24>frustration n.[C, U] the feeling of being disappointed, annoyed, or upset |沮喪；不安；灰心

Poetry helps me express some of the frustrations I feel at the world.|詩歌一定程度上表達了我對世事的挫折感。

I was close to tears with frustration while trying to complete the difficult math exam, but I held back.|數(shù)學考試很難，做題時我沮喪得差點掉淚，但還是忍住了。

<25>post |vt.|put up sth.on a screen, wall, or notice board |發(fā)帖子；張貼

Could you photocopy the advertisement and post it on the notice board for us? |你能不能幫我們把廣告復印一份貼到公告欄里？

They post notices on the Internet, recommending that all users, whether frequent or casual, have

their disks checked.|他們在網(wǎng)上貼出通知，告誡所有用戶檢查自己的軟盤。

<26>continual |a.|1.continuing without stopping |不間斷的，不停的 The continual noise is making me angry.|噪音不斷，我很生氣。

Despite continual pain, he refused all drugs.|盡管疼痛不止，他仍然拒絕使用任何藥物。

2.happening again and again |多次重復的；頻繁的

There have been continual requests for improved working conditions.|人們不斷要求改善工作環(huán)境。

The continual news reports about the economy have scared many manufacturers.|有關經(jīng)濟狀況的頻繁新聞報道使很多生產(chǎn)廠家擔心不已。

<27>continually ad.1.continuing for a long time without stopping |不間斷地，不停地 The Museum is continually developing—there's something new to see every year.|博物館不斷地擴展——年年都可看到新東西。

No matter how hard you try not to think about past failures, they continually cross your mind.|不管你怎樣努力不去想以往的失敗，這些事老在心頭縈繞。

2.repeatedly for many times and over a long period of time |多次重復地;頻頻地 The child was continually changing his mind.|小孩的想法老是在變。

<28>reap vt.1.get sth., esp.sth.good, as a result of what one has done|獲得，得到

Now they have come to reap the benefits of their hard work.|現(xiàn)在他們該摘取他們的勞動成果了。

Those who take risks often reap great rewards.|肯冒風險，才有大收獲。

2.cut and gather a crop of grain |收割；收獲

The women were all out reaping the fields.|婦女們都出去收割莊稼了。

Summer is the time for reaping a harvest of fruits and vegetables.|夏天是收獲水果和蔬菜的季節(jié)。

<29>benefit n.[C] anything that brings help or profit |益處，好處

Some countries offer newcomers many benefits, such as job training and language lessons.|有些國家為初來者提供許多優(yōu)惠，如工作培訓和語言課程。

Tourism has brought many benefits to the area.|旅游業(yè)給這個地區(qū)帶來了豐厚的收益。

v.be useful or helpful to |有益于

The new teaching program will benefit many students.|這個新的教學項目會使許多學生受益。He expects stocks to continue to rise higher, benefiting from falling interest rates.|他指望股票還能持續(xù)漲高，這樣就可從下跌利率中賺上一把。

<30>insight n.[C, U] an accurate or deep understanding of sth.|洞悉；深刻的見解 The lecture provides new insights into the way we process language.|這次講座使我們對語言處理有了新的認識。

Her research has given us some insight into what sparks a child's curiosity.|她的研究使我們對誘發(fā)孩子好奇心的因素有所了解。

<31>communicate vi.exchange feelings, opinions, or information with other people |交

流；交際

He is slow in speaking and cannot communicate with other people very well.|他說話慢慢吞吞，與人交流能力比較差。

They couldn't communicate in writing, because William was illiterate.|他們不能書信交流，因為威廉不識字。

vt.|make(opinions, feelings, or information)known or understood by others |傳達；傳播

Our teachers communicate their ideas very clearly.|我們的老師表達思想非常清楚。She tried to communicate her fears to her mother.|她盡力向母親表明自己的擔憂。

<32>favorite a.(BrE favourite)best liked or most enjoyed |最喜歡的

Of the many colors in nature, red is my favorite color because it is the most beautiful.|在自然界的諸多顏色中，我最喜歡紅色，它最美。

Most people at the stadium will be cheering on their favorite players.|在運動場上，大多數(shù)人都會為自己喜愛的運動員加油。

n.|[C] sb.or sth.that is loved above all others |特別喜愛的人或物 I like all her books but this is my favorite.|她寫的書我都喜歡，但最喜歡這本。

Conflicts in the home often result from one child being thought of as his parents' favorite.|父母視其中一個孩子為掌上明珠常會引發(fā)家庭沖突。

<33>gap n.[C] a big difference between two amounts, situations, or groups of people|差距；分歧

There's a ten-year gap between Kay's two children.|凱的兩個小孩年齡相差10歲。

The age gap between us didn't seem to matter until we decided to have children.|在我們決定要孩子以前，年齡差距對我們似乎沒什么影響。

Phrases and Expressions

<34>at times

|sometimes but not usually |有時，偶爾

He used to go to the theater at times.|他以前偶爾會去看看戲。At times he feels that he wants to leave his job.|有時他真想辭職。

<35>be worth sth./doing sth.|be rewarding enough for the time, effort, money, etc.|值得...的

The watch is worth more than the price.|這表的價值超出標價。

Doing morning exercises is worth the time.|花點時間做早操是值得的。

<36>not only...but also...|不僅...而且...Not only did I find the game very boring, but I also felt it was meaningless.|我覺得這場比賽非?？菰锒覜]什么意義。

Not only the story is interesting to us but also the English is good for us to learn.|這故事不僅有趣，而且其英語地道，值得一學。

<37>far from

| not...at all;rather than |一點都不

The composition is far from perfect.|這篇作文太糟了。

I know he was hurt, but he was far from being the person who was hurt most.|我知道他受了傷害，但他還不是受傷害最深的人。

<38>a couple of| two;a small number of |兩個；一些，幾個

I will need a couple of minutes to complete the report to my boss.|我還需要幾分鐘時間完成給老板的報告。

I met him a couple of times last year.|去年我遇見過他幾次。

<39>get/have/obtain access to

|have the right to have or use sth.|有權享用；可以使用 People living here have access to that swimming pool for free.|住在這里的人可以免費去那個游泳池游泳。

If I could get access to the head offices, I could tell the management my new ideas about how to improve this company.|如果我可以到總部辦公室去，我就能向管理部門提出改善公司狀況的新主意。

<40>participate in

|take part in |參加

We are expected to participate actively in English class.|我們要積極參與英語課的活動。

She participated in several sports in senior middle school.|在高中時，她參加過好幾項運動項目。

<41>keep up with

|keep the same speed as |趕上；不落后

The small child had to run in order to keep up with his brother.|這小孩為了趕上他哥哥只好跑了起來。

I'm having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class.|我要趕上班上其他人還有困難。

<42>feel like sth./doing sth.|want to have or do sth.|想要；想做 I feel like a cup of tea.|我想要杯咖啡。

I just don't feel like doing anything tonight.|今晚我什么事情都不想干。

<43>give up |stop doing or stop trying to do sth.|停止，放棄

My teacher told me not to give up no matter how difficult things become.|老師要我無論如何困難都不要放棄。

I've given up trying to get her to change her mind.|我已不再爭取讓她改變主意。

<44>think out |consider all the aspects and details of sth.before doing it |仔細考慮；推敲；琢磨

I need time to think things out.|我需要時間好好想一下。

She hadn't thought out what she was going to say at the party.|她還沒有想清楚自己在聚會上要說些什么。

<45>come across |meet, find, or discover sb.or sth.by chance |偶然遇到；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn) I've never come across anyone like her father before.|我從來沒有遇到像她父親那樣的人。While I was cleaning the house, I came across some old baby pictures of my father that I had

never seen before.|在打掃房間時，我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾張我父親還是嬰兒時的老照片，這些照片我過去從未見過。

<46>reap the benefit(s)|get sth.as a reward for sth.done |獲得益處，得到好處

Only a part of the people have reaped the benefits from the new policy.|只有一部分人從新政策中受益。

But the teenagers should reap the benefits of a more personal, better-run service.|然而青少年應該享受到更加個性化、實施質(zhì)量更好的服務。

<47>trade for |exchange for |用...換...I traded my old car for a new one.|我把舊車換成了新車。

In order to pay off his debts, he had to trade his piano for money.|為了還債，他只好把鋼琴拿去換錢。

<48>give sb.insight(s)into |give sb.a deep understanding of sth.|深刻理解

The discussion gave us a real insight into the causes of the present economic crisis.|這場討論使我們對當前經(jīng)濟危機的原因有了真正的認識。

The story gave us insight into his determination to win and his desire to become the best.|這件事使我們對他決心獲勝、渴望完美的心情有了深刻的認識。

<49>now that

|because of sth.or as a result of sth.|既然，由于

Now that you have come, you may stay here.|你既然來了，就留在這里吧。

Now that we know each other better, we get along fine.|既然大家相互了解更深了，相處也就融洽了。

<50>instead of |而不是；代替

They raised prices and cut production instead of cutting costs.|他們又是提價，又是減產(chǎn)，卻沒有降低成本。

He took English as his major instead of Japanese.|他選擇學英語，而沒選日語。

<51>reach out to |communicate with;contact |接觸，聯(lián)系

Online learning helps us reach out to new friends.|網(wǎng)絡學習使我們接觸新朋友。

I realized at the same time he was reaching out to me；he was also asking for help.|我同時也察覺到他正在聯(lián)系我；他在尋求幫助。

學外語

學習外語是我一生中最艱苦也是最有意義的經(jīng)歷之一。雖然時常遭遇挫折，但卻非常有價值。

我學外語的經(jīng)歷始于初中的第一堂英語課。老師很慈祥耐心，時常表揚學生。由于這種積極的教學方法，我踴躍回答各種問題，從不怕答錯。兩年中，我的成績一直名列前茅。

到了高中后，我渴望繼續(xù)學習英語。然而，高中時的經(jīng)歷與以前大不相同。以前，老師對所有的學生都很耐心，而新老師則總是懲罰答錯的學生。每當有誰回答錯了，她就會

用長教鞭指著我們，上下?lián)]舞大喊：“錯！錯！錯！”沒有多久，我便不再渴望回答問題了。我不僅失去了回答問題的樂趣，而且根本就不想再用英語說半個字。

好在這種情況沒持續(xù)多久。到了大學，我了解到所有學生必須上英語課。與高中老師不同，大學英語老師非常耐心和藹，而且從來不帶教鞭！不過情況卻遠不盡如人意。由于班大，每堂課能輪到我回答的問題寥寥無幾。上了幾周課后，我還發(fā)現(xiàn)許多同學的英語說得比我要好得多。我開始產(chǎn)生一種畏懼感。雖然原因與高中時不同，但我卻又一次不敢開口了。

看來我的英語水平要永遠停步不前了。

直到幾年后我有機會參加遠程英語課程，情況才有所改善。這種課程的媒介是一臺電腦、一條電話線和一個調(diào)制解調(diào)器。我很快配齊了必要的設備并跟一個朋友學會了電腦操作技術，于是我每周用5到7天在網(wǎng)上的虛擬課堂里學習英語。

網(wǎng)上學習并不比普通的課堂學習容易。它需要花許多的時間，需要學習者專心自律，以跟上課程進度。我盡力達到課程的最低要求，并按時完成作業(yè)。

我隨時隨地都在學習。不管去哪里，我都隨身攜帶一本袖珍字典和筆記本，筆記本上記著我遇到的生詞。我學習中出過許多錯，有時是令人尷尬的錯誤。有時我會因挫折而哭泣，有時甚至想放棄。但我從未因別的同學英語說得比我快而感到畏懼，因為在電腦屏幕上作出回答之前，我可以根據(jù)自己的需要花時間去琢磨自己的想法。突然有一天我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己什么都懂了，更重要的是，我說起英語來靈活自如。盡管我還是常常出錯，還有很多東西要學，但我已嘗到了刻苦學習的甜頭。

學習外語對我來說是非常艱辛的經(jīng)歷，但它又無比珍貴。它不僅使我懂得了艱苦努力的意義，而且讓我了解了不同的文化，讓我以一種全新的思維去看待事物。學習一門外語最令人興奮的收獲是我能與更多的人交流。與人交談是我最喜歡的一項活動，新的語言使我能與陌生人交往，參與他們的談話，并建立新的難以忘懷的友誼。由于我已能說英語，別人講英語時我不再茫然不解了。我能夠參與其中，并結交朋友。我能與人交流，并能夠彌合我所說的語言和所處的文化與他們的語言和文化之間的鴻溝。Exercises IX.1．我永遠都不會忘記那位老師，是他告訴我學外語是有趣的、有價值的。如果沒有他，我的英語說得不會像現(xiàn)在這樣好。

2．沒有任何其他語言能像英語那樣讓你感受到多姿多彩的世界文化。有了過硬的英語知識，你就可以體驗奇妙的文化之旅。

3．寫作不僅僅要寫老師布置的話題，而且要寫自己感興趣的東西，例如，給朋友寫電子郵件。

4．遠程教學課程是指授課者與學生通過計算機通信技術進行交流的課程。

5．語不但是世界上最有用的語言，也是世界上最易學、易用的語言之一。

6．遠程教學課程在時間安排止給予學生更多的自由，但與其他課程比，這些課程要求學生有更強的自律能力。XI．

The topic of the paragraph-My learning experience in junior middle school.The cause: I had a kind and patient teacher who often praised all of the students.The effect:I eagerly answered all the questions I could, never worrying much about making mistakes.I was at the top of my class for two years.XII.I am proud to say that I succeeded in learning a foreign language.It was a real challenge and, needless to say,it took a lot of practice.I carried a small dictionary with me everywhere I went as well as a notebook in which I listed new words I came across.I also managed my time carefully so that I met the standards of the course and finished assignments on time.After years of persistence, I reaped the benefits of all my hard work.Section B Reading Skills: Finding Out Word Meanings Text: Keys to Successful Online Learning

New Words

<1>community n.1.[C] a group of people who have the same interests, religion, race, etc.|團體；界

There are four ways you can help provide this important service to our academic community.你可以通過四種方式協(xié)助向我們學會提供這項重要服務。

According to Mr.Ellison, business online will quickly evolve into a Web-based business community.|艾立森先生認為，網(wǎng)上交易會很快演變?yōu)榛诰W(wǎng)絡的商務社團。

2.[C] the people who live in the same area, town, etc.|社區(qū)居民；社區(qū)

The murder has shocked the local community who never expected such a thing to happen in their small town.|這樁兇殺案讓當?shù)鼐用窈苷痼@, 他們誰都沒想到在這小鎮(zhèn)上會發(fā)生這樣的事。They made regulations to better manage the community.|他們確立規(guī)章制度，以更好地管理社區(qū)。

<2>expand v.make or become larger in size, number, or amount |（使）變大；（使）擴張；（使）膨脹

Ever since he started school, he has tried to expand his mind with new information.|從開始上學起，他就想用新知識充實頭腦。

Pepsi has aggressive plans to expand overseas.|百事可樂雄心勃勃，計劃拓展海外市場。

<3>aware

a.having knowledge or understanding |意識到的；知道的

New babies are sometimes not aware of other people.|新生兒有時意識不到他人的存在。We were not aware of the rain until we went outside.|直到我們走出門才意識到下雨了。

<4>unique a.1.unusually good and special |極不尋常的，極好的

We have developed a unique method for preparing beef.|我們發(fā)明了一種加工牛肉的好方法。The exhibition provided a unique opportunity to see the artist's work.|這次展覽是一次欣賞該藝術家作品的好機會。

2.being the only one of its type |唯一的，獨特的，獨一無二的 The music is unique to that country.|這是那個國家特有的音樂。

Each person's fingerprints are unique.|每個人的指紋都是獨一無二的。

<5>ideal a.1.the best or most suitable that sth.could possibly be |最好的；理想的 An ideal place for a home would be near a park.|理想的家居應靠近公園。

I'm afraid the working conditions here are far from ideal.|恐怕這里的工作條件不夠理想。

2.as good as one can imagine, but not likely to be real |想象的；理想化的 The ideal design would never be put into practice.|脫離實際的設計永遠不會付諸實施。Plato dreamed of an ideal society.|柏拉圖夢想有一個理想社會。

<6>forum n.[C] a place where people publicly discuss sth.|論壇；討論會

The association began as a forum for sharing ideas about management problems.|那個協(xié)會開始時是個論壇，交流關于管理方面的問題。

It also provided a forum for the latest research results.|它還為最新研究成果提供了一個論壇。

<7>remove vt.1.get rid of sth.so that it does not exist any longer|消除 I can't remove this stain from the carpet.|我去不掉地毯上的污漬。

It would be best for the government to remove, rather than reduce, the tax burden placed on poor farmers.|最好是由政府免除貧困農(nóng)民的繳稅負擔，而不是減輕負擔。

2.take sth.away from the place where it is |移開，挪走 Tom paused to remove his sunglasses.|湯姆略作停頓，取下了太陽鏡。

Remove the pot from the heat and allow it to cool.|把罐子從火上拿開，使其冷卻。

<8>visual a.relating to seeing |視覺的

Children learn to read by understanding visual symbols.|兒童是通過理解視覺符號來學會閱讀的。

Even if you don't buy anything, shopping is enjoyable for the visual experience alone.|你就是不買東西，逛逛商場也大飽眼福。

<9>barrier n.[C] sth.that prevents sb.from doing sth., or limits what they can do 障礙 Dance is an entertainment without a language barrier.|舞蹈是一種沒有語言障礙的娛樂形式。A lack of education is a barrier to a good job.|受教育程度不夠是找好工作的一大障礙。

<10>hinder vt.make it difficult for sb.to do sth., or for sth.to develop |阻礙，妨礙，阻止 The high cost of the vaccine has severely hindered its use.|疫苗價格昂貴嚴重影響了它的使用。The project has been somewhat hindered by financial restraints and much remains to be done.|項目在一定程度上受到資金限制，許多事仍然沒做。

<11>addition

n.1.[U] the act of adding sth.to sth.else |添加

The addition of more meat into my diet has caused me to gain weight.|在飲食中添加肉食使我體重增加。

In 1987, the house was rebuilt with the addition of a second floor.|1987年房子翻修了一次，增加了一個樓層。

2.[C] sth.that is added to sth.else |增加物

A bottle of wine would make a pleasant addition to the meal.|這頓飯要再有一瓶葡萄酒可就錦上添花了。

Additions are made to the name list from time to time.|那份名單在不斷進行補充。

<12>reflect v.1.think quietly and deeply |深思，考慮，反省

Things were very different before the war, he reflected.|他想，戰(zhàn)前的局勢真是大不一樣。She reflected for a moment and then decided to change her mind about getting married at such a young age.|她考慮了一陣子，最后決定改變主意, 不那么年輕就結婚。

2.show or be a sign of a particular situation or feeling |反映, 體現(xiàn) After listening to her friends, she believed that their anger did not reflect their real attitudes.|聽了朋友的話后，她相信他們生氣并不說明他們的真正態(tài)度。

His ideas reflected the influence of his family background.|他的想法反映了家庭背景的影響。

<13>environment|n.[C, U] the physical and social conditions in which people live |環(huán)境；周邊狀況；自然環(huán)境

Do girls learn better in an all-female environment? |女孩在純女性的環(huán)境下學習狀況是否會更好呢？

It's not a very safe environment for children there.|兒童處在那樣的環(huán)境下不太安全。

<14>critical

a.|1.very important |極為重要的，關鍵性的

His help is critical to our success.|他的幫助對我們的成功非常關鍵。

Practice is a critical factor in learning a language.|練習是學習一門語言的關鍵因素。

2.giving a careful judgment of the qualities of sth.|評論的

His assignment was to write a 20-page critical review of Jane Austin.|他的作業(yè)是寫一篇20頁的文章評論簡·奧斯汀。

He made a critical analysis of the event.|他對這一事件作了評論性的分析。

<15>perspective|n.|[C] a way of thinking about sth.|視角；觀點

Lawyers and economists often approach problems from different perspectives.|律師與經(jīng)濟學家看待問題的角度往往是不同的。

We must look at the problem in the right perspective if we are to make positive change in the way we do things.|如果要積極地改變我們做事的辦法, 必須以正確的眼光看待這個問題。

<16>peer n.[C] a person of the same age, class, or position |同齡人；同等地位的人 The boy was popular with his peers.|那個男孩很受同齡人的歡迎。

American children did not do as well in math as their peers in China.|美國兒童在數(shù)學方面的表現(xiàn)不如中國兒童。

<17>instruct vt.1.teach sb.sth., or show them how to do sth.|教育，指導

Without anyone to instruct me on values, I learned the difference between right and wrong by myself.|沒有人教，我自己就學會了判斷價值的正誤。

He was sent to instruct the workers in operating the new machine.|他被派去教工人們操作新機器。

2.officially tell sb.what to do |指示，命令；通知

Tourists are instructed not to take pictures inside the building.|游客被告知樓內(nèi)禁止拍照。The manager instructed his secretary to cancel all his appointments.|經(jīng)理要秘書取消他所有的預約。

<18> instructor |n.|[C] a teacher |教師；指導者

He worked as a dance instructor in London.|他在倫敦擔任舞蹈教師。

Teaching methods and techniques may vary by instructors.|教授方法和技巧因教師而異。

<19>arise vi.(arose, arisen)1.come into being;appear;happen|出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生

What can teachers do when legal problems arise? |如果出現(xiàn)法律問題，老師們能做些什么呢？ All staff members are expected to work overtime, if the need arises.|如果有需要，全體員工都要加班工作。

2.(from)come from |（由...）引起，（由...）產(chǎn)生

Errors and mistakes often arise from poor judgment.|差錯與過失往往來自于判斷失誤。The civil war arose from the social injustices present in the country.|內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)是因為該國存在社會不公現(xiàn)象。

<20>absolute a.complete or total|完全的；十足的

There was absolute certainty in his voice and no doubt about the actions he should take next.|他的口氣絕對的肯定，下一步怎么辦是不容置疑的。

He has absolute confidence in what was about to happen.|他對即將發(fā)生的事完全有信心。

<21>

absolutely ad.completely and in every way|完全地；十足地

This statement should be absolutely clear in the minds of everyone concerned and should not be misunderstood under any circumstances.|所有相關人員必須對該聲明做到心中完全有數(shù)，在任何情況下都不允許曲解。

The work of the sales team was absolutely critical to the mission of the company.|銷售組的工作對完成公司的任務至關重要。

<22>explicit

a.expressed in a clear and direct way |清楚的；直截了當?shù)?/p>

He's not being very explicit about his plans, is he? |他對他的計劃有意含糊其辭，是嗎？

Mr.Smith left explicit instructions that he wasn't to be disturbed.|史密斯先生明確指示不允許任何人打擾他。

<23>comment n.[C] an opinion about sb.or sth.|意見；評論

The author gives useful comment on many of the ideas discussed.|作者對于許多議題都給予了有用的意見。

He was new to the team and wasn't sure whether or not he should give his comments on their direction.|他是新來的，不知道是否應該對他們的指示發(fā)表意見。

vi.express an opinion about sb.or sth.|評論

Officials for those companies refused to comment on this issue.|負責那些公司事務的官員拒絕對此事發(fā)表評論。

I am in no position to comment on the matter.|我無權對此事發(fā)表評論。

<24>reinforce vt.make sth.stronger |強化；加固

Cultural and family values often reinforce traditional beliefs.|文化和家庭價值觀往往強化傳統(tǒng)信仰。

When the wall began to fall apart, it became clear that somebody should reinforce it with new materials.|大墻開始倒塌，顯然要用新材料來加固。

<25>requirement|n.sth.that is needed or necessary |要求；要求的東西

I knew that concentration was the first requirement for learning.|我知道專心致志是學習的首要條件。

The faculty agreed on a change in the requirements.|系里同意對要求進行修改。

<26>likely ad.probably |可能地

He very likely does not understand the nature of the risk that he describes.|他很有可能并不理解自己所談的風險的實質(zhì)。

Profit will most likely have risen by about $25 million.|利潤極有可能要增加2,500萬美元左右。

a.probably going to happen, or probably true |可能的；有希望的 It is likely that investors will face losses.|投資者有可能受到損失。

An unsuitable bed is the most likely cause of back trouble.|背部的不適極有可能是因為床鋪選用不當。

<27>commit vt.1.decide to use for a particular purpose |使用；用于

They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poor nations.|他們呼吁西方國家向貧窮國家投入更多資金。

A lot of money and time has been committed to this project.| 大量資金和時間都已投入到該項目。

2.do sth.wrong or illegal |犯（錯誤、罪行等）；干（蠢事、壞事等）The crime had been committed in cold blood.|這宗犯罪真是殘酷。

He said this was the worst mistake that he had ever committed.|他說這是他犯的最大的錯誤。

<28>assimilate vt.take in new ideas, information, etc.| 吸收，理解，掌握 It will take time to assimilate all these new ideas.|消化吸收這些新想法需要時間。

The person we are looking for must be flexible, creative, and able to assimilate new ideas.|我們在物色的人必須能隨機應變，有創(chuàng)造力，能吸收新想法。

<29>provide

vt.give sth.to sb.or make sth.available to sb.|提供

New Horizon College English provides a new way of learning English and its Web site is definitely worth visiting.| 新視野大學英語教材為英語學習提供了新模式，其網(wǎng)站無疑值得訪問。

The money will be used to provide the school with new computer equipment.|這筆資金將用于為學校添置新的計算機設備。

<30>input n.[U] information or some other kinds of resources that are put in/into |輸入；投入

Any information that you put into a computer is taken as input.|輸進計算機的任何信息均被視為輸入。

Almost everyone involved had some input into what went wrong, so they should all share the

blame.|幾乎所有人都參與了，所以都要對出現(xiàn)的錯誤承擔一定責任。

<31>essential a.completely necessary |必不可少的，非常重要的 It is essential to remember every detail.|記住每個細節(jié)非常重要。

Summarize your essential points on one page.|把你的要點總結在一張紙上。

n.[C](usu.pl.)sth.necessary |要素；要點 the essentials of English grammar |英語語法要點

Details may hide the essentials.|細節(jié)會使要點難以辨認。

<32>challenge vt.1.question the rightness of sth.|質(zhì)疑，對...表示懷疑

They challenged the authority of what he said.|他們對其發(fā)言的權威性提出了質(zhì)疑。

Six states have challenged the law in federal court.|有六個州已就該法律向聯(lián)邦法院提出質(zhì)疑。

2.invite sb.to compete against oneself |向...挑戰(zhàn)

To prove that he was faster than his friend, John challenged him to a race.|為了證明他比他的朋友跑得快，約翰提出與他賽跑。

Growing forces of opposition are challenging this government.|反對派力量不斷增長，對這屆政府正形成威脅。

n.[C, U] sth.that needs a lot of skill, effort and determination to achieve |挑戰(zhàn)，考驗

I like the challenge of learning new things.|我喜歡了解新事物要面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。

You may find your first couple of months on the job quite a challenge.|在工作的頭幾個月，你會感到巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。

<33>normally

ad.in the usual way or to the usual degree |通常；正常地 The museum isn't normally as crowded as this.|博物館通常不像這樣擁擠。

Although they normally work a 40-hour week, much overtime is often required.|盡管他們一般一周工作40小時，還是常常被要求加班。

<34>sequence n.1.[C, U] a series of related events, actions, etc.that happen or are done in a particular order |連續(xù)；一連串

a sequence of good news |一連串的好消息

the sequence of events leading to the war |導致戰(zhàn)爭的一連串事件

2.[C, U] the order that sth.happens or exists in |次序，順序 The chairs are numbered in sequence.|椅子按順序編號。The numbers are out of sequence.|這些號碼順序亂了。

<35>sequential a.connected with or happening in a particular order |連續(xù)的 The numbers are arranged in sequential order.|這些號碼是按順序排列的。It's not sequential;it's more like a web.|這不是連續(xù)的，而更像一個網(wǎng)絡。

<36>vital a.1.very important |極其重要的

His evidence was vital to the defense case.|他的證詞對辯護案件極其重要。

In this job, the ability to remain calm is vital.|在這個工作崗位上，保持鎮(zhèn)靜的能力非常重要。

2.full of life and force |有生命的，充滿生機的

He is a strong, vital man.|他是一個身體強壯、充滿活力的人。

The music sounds fresh and vital.|這種音樂聽起來清新且富有活力。

<37>personally ad.by oneself |親自

The President wrote to us personally to thank us for our hard work.|總統(tǒng)親自寫信給我們，感謝我們所付出的艱辛勞動。

The teacher wants to talk to you personally.|老師想親自和你談談。

<38>effective a.1.producing the desired result |有效的，起作用的

Effective communication is vital in problem solving.|有效溝通對解決問題十分重要。

The advertisement was simple but remarkably effective.|廣告雖然簡單，但效果卻非常顯著。

2.being put into practice |生效的

The effective date of the agreement has been delayed to January 1 next year.|這個協(xié)議的生效日期推遲到了明年的1月1號。

The new law will be effective from April 16th.|這部新法律要從4月16號起生效。

<39>facilitate vt.make it easier for sth.to happen |使容易；有助

With modern technology, the process of communication is greatly facilitated.|有了現(xiàn)代化設備，交流的過程大大便利了。

Guests take advantage of local transportation in order to facilitate cultural exchanges.|旅客利用當?shù)氐倪\輸系統(tǒng)促進文化交流。

<40> facilitator n.[C] sb.who helps people do things effectively |促進者，推動者

The tutor is the facilitator of learning, while the learner is active.|家教固然能促進學習，學習者自身才起主動作用。

I hope that we will continue to have the same facilitator as last semester;she was a lot of help.|我想繼續(xù)聘用上學期的學習輔導員；她有很大幫助。

Phrases and Expressions

<41>play a role |1.do sth.and have an influence on it |起作用

Online learning is playing a very important role in education.|網(wǎng)絡學習在教育中起著重要的作用。

Clearly there are many factors that play a role in the decision-making process.|顯然，在決策的過程中，有許多因素在起作用。

2.act a role in a play or film |扮演一個角色

Many famous actors dreamed of playing the role of Hamlet.|很多著名的演員夢想著能夠扮演哈姆雷特這一角色。

<42>be/become aware of

|know about a situation or a fact |認識到，知道，覺察到 Are you aware of my coming? |你知道我要來嗎？

I was not aware that you had already heard of the news.|我不知道你們已經(jīng)聽說了這個消息。

<43>in addition |what is more;moreover |另外，加之

In addition, we usually spend a week of the first term in Paris.|此外，我們通常會在春季去巴黎呆上一周。

In addition to the 40,000 students taking class on campus, the University has over 300 students on distance-learning.|除了在校的40,000名學生外，該校還有300多名遠程學習的學生。

<44>reflect on

|think carefully about sth.|深思，考慮

She sat reflecting on how much had changed since she'd bought the farm.|她坐在那里，想著自從自己買下農(nóng)場后所發(fā)生的變化。

He had time to reflect on his successes and failures.|他有時間對自己的成功和失敗進行反思。

<45>speak up

|1.say sth., esp.to express an opinion |說出意見或看法

There was a brief silence, then he spoke up.|先是短暫的沉默；接著他發(fā)了言。

If you never speak up, people will not know how you feel.|如果不把想法說出來，大家不會知道你是怎么想的。

2.speak louder |大聲說

Could you speak up so I can hear you, please? |麻煩您聲音大點好么？ Speak up so grandma can hear you.|說大聲點, 祖母才會聽得到。

<46>be finished with |complete the job that one was doing |做完，完成 Aren't you finished with the wash up yet? |你還沒把餐具洗完嗎？

When you are finished with the book, give it back to me.|書看完后就還給我吧。

<47>allow for |consider sth.when making a plan or decision |為...留出余地；考慮到

We must start early to allow for troubles we might have in finding her house.|考慮到她的房子不好找，我們得早點出發(fā)。

It will take you an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.|把路上耽擱的時間算進去，你要用一個小時才能到車站。

<48>on sb.'s part/on the part of sb.|done or experienced by sb.|某人所做的；就某人而言 It was the mistake on my part.|這是我的錯。

There are still doubts on the part of the students.|這些學生仍然心存疑慮。

<49>catch up(with)|improve and reach the same standard as other people |趕上，追上 He is studying hard to catch up with his classmates.|他正努力學習以趕上其他同學。Run faster!They are catching up with us.|跑快點！他們快追上咱們了。

<50>remind sb.of sth.|make sb.remember sth |使想起；提醒

The photo always reminds me of college days.|這張相片總讓我想起大學里的日子。

She never forgets to remind her husband of his promises.|她從不忘記提醒丈夫他曾許下的諾言。

網(wǎng)絡學習的成功秘訣

雖然常規(guī)的學校依然存在，但虛擬課堂在今天的教學領域中起著重要的作用。隨著學生就業(yè)機會的迅速增多，越來越多不同年齡層的人開始意識到這種在家就學的網(wǎng)上學習方

式。然而，網(wǎng)絡學生需要具備一些特別的素質(zhì)才能取得成功。以下是網(wǎng)上學生要取得成功必備的一些理想素質(zhì)。

1.與人分享生活、工作及學習經(jīng)驗，這些是網(wǎng)上學習的一部分。許多人發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)上學習需要他們運用各自的經(jīng)驗，同時又為他們提供了相互交流的場所。這一交流場所消除了一些學生自我表達的視覺障礙。此外，學生在答題之前有時間進行思考，這就使得網(wǎng)上環(huán)境開放而友好。

2.能通過書寫進行交流。虛擬課堂的交流幾乎都是書面形式。因而很重要的一點是學生要具有書面表達能力。有些學生書面表達能力差，有待提高，可以在網(wǎng)上學習之前提高或將其作為網(wǎng)上學習的一部分。這常常需要他們加倍努力。不管是單獨學習還是小組學習，學生們就學習內(nèi)容交流觀點和見解，并展開討論，同時了解其他同學的意見。這樣，學生可以從同齡人那里得到啟發(fā)，既跟老師學，又互相學習。

3.說出你的困難。記住，虛擬課堂里老師看不見學生。這就意味學生必須直接明了地表達自己的看法和要求。如果碰到技術方面的問題，或在理解課程中遇到困難，必須大膽說出來，否則任何人都無從知曉問題所在。如果某人不理解某個問題，或許別人也有同樣的問題。如果有哪個學生能解決，他(她)也許就會幫助你。學生在給他人解釋問題時，自己對該問題的認識也加深了。

4.認真對待課程。網(wǎng)上學習并不比課堂學習容易。事實上，許多學生說它需要花更多的時間和努力。網(wǎng)絡課程的要求不低于其他任何一種優(yōu)質(zhì)課程。然而，取得成功的學生認為網(wǎng)上學習是一種便捷的受教育方式，但并不容易。晚上或周末，為了完成作業(yè)，許多網(wǎng)絡學生在電腦前一坐就是幾個小時。別人已完成作業(yè)和學習，開始玩耍，而此時網(wǎng)絡學生卻很可能還在上課。他們每門課程每周要上4到15小時。

5.把批判性思維和決策作為網(wǎng)上學習的一部分。網(wǎng)絡課程要求學生根據(jù)事實和經(jīng)驗做出決定。對學生來講，理解并消化信息，并通過批判性思維做出正確的決定是十分必要的。在積極的網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境中，學生從老師、同學那里感受到自己的價值，對自己的學習也感到滿意。

6.三思而后答。在虛擬課堂上做出有意義、高質(zhì)量的回答是網(wǎng)上學習的重要部分。要花時間斟酌并仔細作答，提倡對不同觀點進行驗證和質(zhì)疑。網(wǎng)絡學生往往并不總是對的；他們應做好準備，迎接挑戰(zhàn)。

7.跟上課程進度。網(wǎng)上學習通常是循序漸進的，要求學生專心投入。與網(wǎng)絡課程保持同步，并按時完成所有功課至關重要。一旦落后就很難趕上。學生要有成功的欲望，而且也要渴望這種經(jīng)歷。老師可能會與學生面對面交流，提供幫助并提醒他們跟上進度的必要性。

正如許多優(yōu)秀教師并不能有效地用網(wǎng)絡輔助教學一樣，并不是所有學生都具備在網(wǎng)上學習中取得成功所需的素質(zhì)。具備上述素質(zhì)的人通常能夠成為優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)絡學生。一旦擁有這些素質(zhì)，網(wǎng)上學習說不定將是你最有價值的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。

Exercises

Section C Comprehensive Exercises

Unit 2 Preview Do you ever have difficulty talking to your parents? You?re not alone.Young people and their parents usually fail in their attempts to communicate with each other.As a result, their two different worlds can move in separate directions or collide head-on.This is what is known as the “generation gap”

What can be done about this problem? The best solution is for both sides to practice better listening skills.Hearing what has been said and actually listening are entirely different matters.Listening means making the effort to truly understand and connect with what someone else is trying to say, and it is the key to effective communication.Section A Pre-reading Activity You are about to read an early morning exchange between daughter and her parents.From the exchange, you will find that they think about the same things in very different ways.You will also find how they misunderstand each other.They seem to be blind to what is important in each other?s lives.This creates the so-called gap between the older and the younger generations.Yet, from another point of view, the exchange also shows the parents? deep concern for their daughter, who doesn?t seem to know it.1.They have an early morning exchange.2.2.They misunderstand each other and seem to be blind to what is important in each other?s lives.This creates the so-called gap.Text: Deep Concern

Language Point

Language Point 1 | The radio clicked on.Rock music blasted forth.(Para.1)|Meaning: As soon as the radio turned on with a short, sharp sound, rock music began playing loudly.Language Point 2 | Sandy sang along with the words as she lay listening to her favorite radio station.(Para.1)| Meaning: Sandy sang the song that was playing on her favorite radio station while she was still in bed.Language Point 3 | Sandy, turn that music off!(Para.2)| Meaning: Sandy, stop that music!

Language Point 4 | Steve Finch burst into her room.(Para.2)| Meaning: Steve Finch entered her room suddenly.Language Point 5 | Why do you have to listen to such horrible stuff?(Para.2)| Meaning: Why do you have to listen to such bad music?

|Language Point 6 |...though it does have rhythm.(Para.2)| Meaning:...though it really has rhythm.Here “does” is used for emphasis(強調(diào))and should be followed by the bare infinitive form of the verb.More examples:| He does have a brother in England.他的確有個弟弟在英國。She did go to

see the doctor yesterday.她昨天的確去看病了。

Language Point 7 | I can't stand it.(Para.4)| Meaning: It is too much for me to bear.Language Point 8 | Then she grabbed the soap and washed thoroughly, including her hair.(Para.5)| Meaning: Then she took the soap suddenly and washed herself all over, including her hair.Language Point 9 | It isn't healthy to eat standing up.(Para.7)| Meaning: It isn't good for your health if you have your breakfast while standing up.Language Point 10 | I'll brush my teeth when I'm done.(Para.12)| Meaning: I'll brush my teeth when I have finished my breakfast.|Language Point 11 | It's disgusting.(Para.13)| Meaning: It's bad, and I don't like it.Language Point 12 | Stop bugging me.(Para.16)| Meaning: Stop bothering me.Language Point 13 | Sandy Finch, you're too young to wear that much makeup.(Para.19)| Meaning: Sandy Finch, you're not old enough to wear so much makeup.Notice that the mother greeted the daughter by full name, which means the mother was very firm in her opinion and/or wanted to be sure to get her daughter's full attention.Language Point 14 |...and bolted out of the house.(Para.20)| Meaning:...and left the house quickly.Language Point 15 | After Sandy had left for school, Jane Finch sat down in peace and quiet to drink her coffee.(Para.21)| Meaning: After Sandy had left for school, Jane Finch sat down calmly to drink her coffee.Language Point 16 | No, thanks, honey.My stomach feels upset—like its full of knots.(Para.23)| Meaning: No, thanks, dear.I am not feeling well in stomach.It seems full of knots.Notice that the expression “it's full of knots” may come from the idiom “knots in ones stomach”, which means a tight uncomfortable feeling caused by a strong emotion such as fear or anger.Language Point 17 | I don't think I'm old-fashioned, but hearing those tuneless, offensive lyrics repeatedly makes my blood boil.(Para.23)| Meaning: I don't think I am unwilling to accept new ideas, but hearing those unpleasant songs over and over makes me angry.Language Point 18 |...different music appeals to different generations...(Para.24)| Meaning:...people of different age groups like different types of music...Language Point 19 | Maybe eating breakfast will help me get rid of some of the knots in my stomach.(Para.25)| Meaning: Maybe eating breakfast will help me feel better.Language Point 20 |...that music could have a negative influence on Sandy.(Para.27)| Meaning:...the music could have a bad effect on Sandy.Language Point 21 |...she and Sandy could still talk things over.(Para.29)| Meaning:...she could still have a good discussion with Sandy about these things.Language Point 22 | She knew she had to have patience and keep the lines of communication with her daughter open.(Para.29)| Meaning: She knew she had to be patient and keep communication with her daughter effective.Language Point 23 | She wanted to be there as an anchor for her, but at the same time she would give her freedom to find her own identity.(Para.29)| Meaning: She wanted to be a person who can make her feel safe and supported but at the same time let her find out who she is by herself.New Words

<1>concern n.1.[U] a feeling of worry |擔心；憂慮

In the story the parents show their great concern for their daughter.|故事里，父母對他們的女兒表現(xiàn)出極大的擔心。

The recent rise in crime is a matter of great public concern.|近來犯罪的增多是公眾非常擔憂的事情。

2.[C] sth.that makes sb.worried |關心的事；擔心的事

His main concern is to be able to provide money for his family.|他主要關心的是為家里賺錢。Your private life is not my concern.|你的私生活與我無關。

vt.|1.make sb.feel worried |使擔心；使憂慮

It isn't your problem—don't concern yourself with it.|這不是你的問題，你用不著擔心。

What concerns me most is that despite pay increases, production has not improved.|最令我擔心的是雖然工資增加了，生產(chǎn)卻沒有上去。

2.be about sth.|涉及，與...有關系

This article concerns the issue of generation gap.|這篇文章講的是代溝問題。

This study concerns couples' expectations of marriage.|這項研究涉及夫妻對婚姻的期待。

<2>click vi.make a short, sharp sound |發(fā)出咔嗒聲 The key clicked in the lock.|鑰匙在瑣里咔嗒響了一聲。

Her shoes clicked against the floor as she walked.|她走動時，鞋在地板上咔噔咔噔作響。

n.|[C] a short, sharp sound |咔嗒聲

The door opened with a click.|門咔嗒一聲開了。

I heard a click, and then the phone went dead.|我聽到咔嗒一聲電話就掛了。

<3>blast vi.produce a lot of noise, esp.music |發(fā)出響亮的聲音（尤指音樂）Music blasted from the radio.|收音機里猛地響起了音樂。

A machine gun blasted just outside the tent.|帳篷外，機關槍突然嘟嘟嘟地響起來。

vt.|break up by explosion |爆破

They had to blast their way through the mountainside.|他們不得不沿著山坡炸出一條路來。The first shot missed and blasted a hole in the wall.|第一槍打偏了，在墻上炸出了一個洞。

n.|[C] an explosion |爆炸

The blast completely destroyed the building.|爆炸徹底摧毀了這棟建筑。

The blast killed 168 people and hurt hundreds.|爆炸炸死了168人，炸傷了數(shù)百人。

<4>forth ad.out;forward |出來；向外

The sun came forth from behind the clouds.|太陽從云后出來。

The house was still burning with thick black smoke pouring forth.|房子還在燃燒，冒出濃濃的黑煙。

<5>burst vi.(burst, burst)move somewhere suddenly or quickly, esp.into or out of a place |沖，闖

Several students burst into the schoolmaster's office just as he was about to leave.|校長正要離開時，幾個學生闖進了他的辦公室。

She burst out of the room without saying a single word.|她什么也沒說，沖出了房間。

<6>horrible a.1.very bad or unpleasant |糟糕的；使人不愉快的 This tastes horrible!|真難吃！

The weather has been really horrible all week.|這一周天氣真是糟糕透了。

2.shocking;frightening |可怕的；令人恐懼的

What a horrible story!|可怕的故事!It's horrible to hear that so many people in the world are hungry and don't have food.|聽到世界上有這么多人挨餓，沒東西吃，感到很可怕。

<7>stuff n.[U] sth.that one does not know the correct name |東西

What's the green stuff at the bottom of the bottle? |瓶底上那綠色的是什么東西？

I don't know how we're going to get all this stuff into the car.|我不知道我們?nèi)绾螌⑦@些東西全部搬進車里去。

vt.|push sth.into a space |填；塞

The pillow was stuffed with feathers.|枕頭里塞滿了羽毛。

The rooms are stuffed with antiques and priceless treasures.|這幾間房子都塞滿了古董和無價之寶。

<8>rhythm n.[C, U] a regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements |節(jié)奏 I'm not keen on the tune but I love the rhythm.|我不特別喜歡那曲調(diào)，但喜歡它的節(jié)奏。You need to feel the rhythm of the music in order to dance properly.|為了跳好舞，你需要感受音樂的節(jié)奏。

<9>grab vt.take sth.suddenly or roughly |抓住，奪得

Helen grabbed the toy car from her little brother.|海倫搶去了弟弟手上的玩具汽車。

She grabbed her clothes and ran out when the alarm went off.|警報響起時，她抓起衣服就往外跑。

<10>thorough a.including every possible detail |全面的，徹底的 The doctor gave the patient a thorough check-up.|醫(yī)生為病人做了全面檢查。

The police made a thorough search of the house and found the child hiding under a chair.|警察徹底搜查了那所房子，發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子藏在椅子下。

<11> thoroughly ad.carefully and completely |完全地；徹底地 We thoroughly enjoyed our holiday.|我們假期玩得非常開心。

Eating only thoroughly cooked foods will reduce your risk of illness.|只吃完全煮熟的食物可以減少生病的危險。

<12>makeup n.[U] paint, powder, creams, etc.that people put on their face |化妝品 She hadn't taken off her stage makeup yet when I saw her.|我見到她時她還沒有缷去戲妝。After I put on my makeup, I'll be ready to go with you to the restaurant.|我化好妝后，就準備和你去飯館。

<13>toast n.1.[U] bread made brown by heating |烤面包 He had toast for breakfast.|他早餐吃了烤面包。

She had a slice of toast and a cup of coffee.|她吃了一塊烤面包，喝了一杯咖啡。

2.[C] an act of drinking, esp.in order to thank sb., wish sb.luck, etc.|祝酒，干杯

We drank a toast to our teacher's health.|我們干杯祝老師身體健康。

I'd like to propose a toast to the bride and groom.|我提議為新娘新郎干杯。

vt.|hold up one's glass and wish sb.success, happiness, luck, etc.|祝酒，干杯

Let's toast the friendship between our two countries.|讓我們?yōu)閮蓢挠颜x干杯。Let's toast Edward for a job well done.|讓我們?yōu)閻鄣氯A出色的工作干杯。

<14>disgusting a.very unpleasant |令人厭惡的，令人反感的 A bad egg has a disgusting smell.|臭蛋味道很難聞。

Rubbish was piled everywhere—it was disgusting.|到處堆著垃圾，真叫人惡心。

<15>bug vt.(infml.)bother;annoy;trouble |打擾；使煩惱

It really bugs me when people come around without calling first.|有些人不先打電話就來，實在討厭。

It just bugs me that I have to work so many extra hours for no extra money.|我必須加班加點地干這么多小時，卻沒有額外的工錢，實在讓人煩惱。

<16>eyeliner n.[C] |描眼膏；眼線筆

French eye-liners are well-known to the world.|法國眼線筆世界有名。She was wearing thick, black eyeliner.|她描了濃濃的黑色眼線。

<17>tattoo n.[C] patterns made by putting ink into the skin |文身

She said she hated to see the tattoo on his arm.| 她說她討厭看見他手臂上的刺紋。He has a tattoo of a snake on his left arm.|他的左臂刺了一條蛇。

vt.|have patterns made by putting ink into the skin |在身上刺文身

He had the words “I love you” tattooed on his chest.|他胸前文著“我愛你”的字樣。The man's left arm was tattooed with a snake.|這男人的左臂刺了一條蛇。

<18>pierce vt.make a hole in |穿孔于，打眼于

Many women have pierced their ears.|很多女士都扎了耳朵眼。

Rose underwent emergency surgery after a bullet pierced her lung.|一顆子彈穿了她的肺后，羅斯做了緊急手術。

<19>bolt vi.move fast or run away suddenly |奔；竄

The noise of the explosion made the horses bolt.|一聲爆響，把那些馬嚇跑了。

Before I could say a word, she turned and bolted out the front door.|不等我說話，她轉身就竄出了前門。

<20>upset a.feeling ill, worried, or anxious |不適的；心煩的；苦惱的

Phone and tell the teacher that you get an upset stomach.|打電話告訴老師你的胃不舒服。I was quite upset at losing my purse.|我丟了錢包，心里非常不快。

vt.|(upset, upset)make sb.worried, anxious, or ill |使心煩；使苦惱；使不適

The news of his son's disappearance upset him.|他兒子失蹤的消息使他心煩意亂。What upsets me most is the fact that she told a lie.|最讓我不安的是她撒了謊。

<21>knot n.1.[C] an uncomfortable feeling, esp.in the stomach, caused by fear, anger, etc.|緊張（感）；心窩揪緊 a knot of fear |一陣恐懼

There was a knot of tension in his stomach.|他感到一陣緊張。

2.[C] a join made by tying rope, cloth, etc.|（繩索、布條等打成的）結

Please tie a knot at the end of rope.|請在繩子的一端打個結。Can you help me undo the knot? |幫我打開這個結好嗎？

<22>awful a.very bad or unpleasant;terrible |糟糕的；可怕的 It would be awful if they found out.|如果他們知道了真相，那就糟了。I felt awful about not being able to help.|我?guī)筒簧厦?，心里很難受。

<23> tune n.[C] a number of musical notes that form a pleasing pattern of sound |曲調(diào)；旋律

I can't remember the tune of that song.|我記不起那首歌的調(diào)子。

I've heard that tune before, but I don't know the words to the song.|我聽過這個曲子，但記不起歌詞了。

<24>tuneless a.without tune;not having a pleasant tune |不成調(diào)的；不悅耳的

A young man walked by, singing a tuneless song.|一個年輕人從身邊走過，哼著不成調(diào)的歌。The song is tuneful, but her voice is tuneless.|歌很有旋律，可她的嗓子不動聽。

<25>offensive

a.causing offense;unpleasant |討厭的；令人不快的

There are complaints that the advertisement was offensive to women.|有人投訴說這則廣告是對女性的冒犯。

There is an offensive smell in the room.|房間里有難聞的氣味。

<26>lyric n.[C](~s)words of a song, esp.a popular song |歌詞 I like the lyrics of this song.|我喜歡這首歌的歌詞。

He wrote some great music, but the lyrics he wrote weren't that good.|他創(chuàng)作了一些好音樂，但他寫的歌詞不怎么樣。

<27>appeal vi.1.(to)attract;interest |使喜歡；吸引

This music is too old-fashioned to appeal to young people any longer.|這音樂太老，不能再吸引年輕人。

The idea of working abroad really appeals to me.|到國外工作對我真的有吸引力。

2.make a strong request for help, support, etc.|懇請；呼吁

The police are appealing to the public for any information about the murder victim.|警方呼吁公眾提供有關被害者的情況。

The police have appealed to anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.|警察呼吁所有知情的人來和他們談談。

<28>rid a.no longer annoyed by sb.or sth.unpleasant or unwanted |擺脫...的 Just give him the money and you can be rid of him.|給他點錢，你就可以擺脫他了。Take the medicine, and you can get rid of this cold.|把藥吃了，感冒就好了。

vt.|(rid, rid)make sb.or sth.free from sth.unpleasant or unwanted |使擺脫，使去掉

You must rid yourself of these old-fashioned ideas.|你必須拋掉這些陳舊的觀念。Will science finally rid us of this disease? |科學最終會讓我們根除這種疾病嗎？

<29> piercing n.[C] a hole made through part of one's body in order to wear jewelry there |刺穿的孔

She has piercings in both of her ears.|她兩耳都打了耳朵眼。

Body massage and ear piercing are offered at the small shop.|這家小店提供身體按摩和穿耳孔服務。

<30>negative a.1.bad or harmful |不好的；負面的；消極的

I'm feeling very negative about my job—in fact I'm thinking about finding a new one.|我覺得我的工作很沒勁，事實上我正考慮找一份新工作。

All this had a negative effect on my work.|所有這些對我的工作都產(chǎn)生了負面影響。

2.saying or meaning no |否定的

What is the negative form of this word? |這個詞的否定形式是什么？

He gave a negative answer without any explanation.|他沒有解釋，只是給了否定回答。

<31>influence n.[C, U] an effect on sb.or sth.|影響；作用

The fact that he's rich and famous had no influence on our decision.|他有錢有名氣，但這不會影響我們的決定。

The parents were worried about the influence of Western films and TV programs on their children.|父母們擔心西方電影和電視節(jié)目會影響孩子。

vt.|have an effect on |影響

You must decide for yourself.Don't let anyone else influence you.|你必須自己決定，別受他人的影響。

How much does TV advertising really influence what people buy?| 電視廣告對人們購物的影響到底有多少？

<32>patience n.[U] the quality of being able to remain calm, esp.when there is a difficulty or one has to wait a long time |耐心；忍耐（性）

I'm sorry.I've got no patience with people who don't even try.|對不起，我不能容忍那些連試一下都不肯的人。

This type of medical research requires great patience.|這種醫(yī)學研究需要極大的耐心。

<33>anchor n.1.[C] sb.or sth.that provides support and a feeling of safety |依靠，靠山 Parents need to be an anchor for their children.|父母應當是孩子的靠山。

Dad was the anchor of the family and I could always go to him for help.|爸爸是家里人的依靠，我隨時可以去找他幫忙。

2.[C] a heavy metal object that is dropped into the water from a boat in order

to keep the boat in one place |錨

In the morning we weighed anchor and sailed on.|清晨我們起錨繼續(xù)航行。We dropped anchor a few yards offshore.|我們在離岸幾碼遠的地方拋錨。

<34>identity n.[C] who or what a person or thing is |身份；本體

To escape the police, he had to conceal his identity.|為了躲避警方，他不得不隱瞞身份。She applied for a teaching job under a false identity.|她用假身份申請從事教書工作。

Phrases and Expressions <35>along with |together with |一起，一道

Along with hundreds of others, she lost her job when the factory closed.|工廠倒閉，她和其他幾百名工人一起失去了工作。

The mother was saved from the fire along with her baby.|母親和嬰兒都被從火中救了出來。

<36>turn off |stop using a piece of equipment by moving a switch |關閉

Please turn all the lights off as you leave the building;we can't afford to waste power.|離開時請將所有的燈關掉，我們浪費不起電。

She turned off the water, dried herself, and dressed in jeans and a shirt.|她把水關掉，擦干身上的水，然后穿上牛仔褲和襯衫。

<37>burst into |1.enter a place suddenly |闖入

She burst into the manager's office and demanded to speak to him.|她沖入經(jīng)理辦公室，要求當面跟他說話。

His partner was so excited about the news that he burst into the room to tell him.|他的伙伴聽到這消息非常激動，沖進房間去告訴他。

2.start suddenly |突然開始

She burst into laughter.|她突然笑了起來。

Afterwards, she went straight to the ladies' room and burst into tears.|然后，她徑直走進衛(wèi)生間

哭了起來。

<38>over and over | again and again;repeatedly |一再，反復

Read the word over and over until you can say it correctly.|一遍一遍地讀這個單詞，直到你讀對了為止。

They kept asking the same question over and over again.|他們反復問同一個問題。

<39>reach for |move one's hand or arm in order to touch or hold sth.|伸手去摸；伸手去取 There was no time for me to reach for my gun.|我來不及伸手掏槍。

There was a noise outside, so Bill reached for his flashlight.|比爾聽到外面的聲響，便伸手去拿手電筒。

<40>turn up |increase the amount of heat, sound, etc.by moving a switch |調(diào)大，開大 He turned the heat up because it was very cold inside the house.|他把暖氣開大了點，因為屋里非常冷。

Is the sound turned up too loud for you? |你看這聲音是否開得太大了？

<41>turn down |reduce the amount of heat, sound, etc.by moving a switch |調(diào)小，開小 She could not bear the music and turned down the volume.|她受不了這種音樂，于是把音量關小了。

Can you turn the TV down? I'm trying to work.|你能把電視的聲音開小點嗎？我正想靜心工作呢。

<42>as well as |in addition to |除...之外；和

He's worked in Japan as well as Italy.| 他在日本工作過，也在意大利工作過。

Flowers are chosen for their scent as well as their look.|選花既要聞其香，又要觀其色。

<43>turn on |cause water, gas, etc.to flow or equipment to operate |打開開關 Please turn on the light for me;it's getting dark.|天黑了，請給我開開燈。

Jack turned on his computer and checked his email.|杰克打開電腦，查看電子郵件。

<44>as usual

|in the way that happens most of the time |像往常一樣，照例

Everything went on as usual, as if nothing had happened.|一切照常進行，好像什么也沒發(fā)生過。

As usual, they'd left the children at home with the babysitter.|像往常一樣，他們將孩子留在家里由保姆看管。

<45>in peace and quiet |calmly;in a peaceful state |平靜地

I'm tired—can't you just leave me in peace and quiet? |我累了，你不能讓我靜一靜嗎？

I wish she would just leave me in peace and quiet so that I can think about the problem without interruption.|我希望她能讓我靜一靜，這樣我可以不受干擾，好好想一想這個問題。

<46>wake up |(cause to)stop sleeping |（使）醒來 Wake up, Jimmy, it's 8: 00.|醒醒，吉米，八點鐘了！

I'll wake you up when it's time to leave.|到了走的時候我會叫醒你。

<47>make one's blood boil | make sb.angry |使某人生氣

Her tuneless music made her father's blood boil.|她那難聽的音樂使她父親很生氣。Whenever I think about it, it makes my blood boil.|我一想起它就生氣。

<48>get rid of

|1.free oneself from sth.unwanted or unpleasant |擺脫；除去

I've tried all sorts of medicines to get rid of this cold.|為了治好感冒，我已經(jīng)試了各種藥物。This is an effective way to get rid of weeds.|這是一種除草的有效方法。

2.throw away or destroy sth.that one does not want|丟棄；扔掉

We're moving, so we have to get rid of a lot of our old furniture.|我們要搬家，不得不扔掉很多舊家具。

We should encourage the governments of the world to get rid of all nuclear weapons.|我們應該鼓勵各國政府銷毀所有的核武器。

<49>knots in one's stomach |an unpleasant tight feeling |緊張，不安 He said he felt knots in his stomach.|他說他感到不安。

She had knots in her stomach before meeting his parents for the first time.|她第一次見他的父母時感到緊張。

<50>in any case |no matter what happens |無論如何；不管怎樣

The cost may be lower than we first thought, but in any case it will still be a lot.|費用也許比我們當初想象的低，但無論如何仍相當可觀。

I don't understand why you're against it.In any case, I'm going to try.|我不明白為什么你不同意，無論如何我要試一試。

<51>talk sth.over |talk about sth.thoroughly and seriously, esp.in order to settle a problem or reach a decision |商議；討論

If you're worried about this change of career, why don't you talk it over with your family? |如果你對這次變換職業(yè)擔心的話，為什么不和家人商量一下呢？

She wanted me to go to her office to talk things over.|她要我到她辦公室把事情談清楚。

深深的憂慮

收音機“咔嗒”一聲，搖滾樂就大聲地響開了。音樂像槍聲似的將桑迪吵醒。她看了一下鐘，早上6點一刻。她躺在床上，聽著她喜歡的電臺廣播，嘴里哼著歌詞。

“桑迪，” 她父親喊道，“桑迪，把音樂關了！”史蒂夫·芬奇沖進她的臥室?！澳銥槭裁匆欢ㄒ犨@么糟糕的音樂？還聽了一遍又一遍。雖然有節(jié)奏，可恐怕不是真正的音樂?！?/p>

“我喜歡這種音樂，爸爸。這是我最喜歡的。您聽一下吧，您肯定會喜歡的。” 桑迪伸手把音樂開得更響。

“別，別開那么響，我受不了。把收音機音量調(diào)低點，這樣我和你媽媽就聽不到了。我敢肯定，那音樂既傷你的耳朵，又傷你的大腦?！?/p>

桑迪走進浴室，打開淋浴噴頭。然后她抓起香皂，渾身上下洗個遍，連頭發(fā)也洗了。

淋浴后，桑迪梳了梳頭發(fā)，穿上一件舊的綠色圓領衫和一條牛仔褲。接著她化好妝，走進了廚房。和往常一樣，她不知道早餐該吃什么，便抓了杯牛奶，站在洗滌槽旁吃烤面包。就在此時，她媽媽簡走進了廚房。

“桑迪，你怎么不坐下吃飯？站著吃飯對身體不好?！?“我知道，媽媽，可我沒時間坐著吃。” “昨天做作業(yè)了吧，寶貝？” “做了。”

“刷過牙了？”

“媽媽，我還沒吃完飯呢。吃完了再刷。”

“桑迪，你怎么穿那件舊圓領衫呢？難看死了?！?“媽媽，請別這樣?！?“別怎么樣？” “別這樣煩我?！?/p>

“桑迪，你怎么描起眼線來了？”

“我是描了，媽媽。我都描了幾個月了。難道不漂亮？” “桑迪·芬奇，你還小，不能化這么濃的妝。”

“媽媽，我都15歲了，到了可以化妝的年齡了。給您說實話吧，學校的女孩子都化妝有些還文身，有的還戴耳環(huán)、鼻環(huán)、舌環(huán)呢。媽媽，我現(xiàn)在沒時間給您說，我快遲到了，得走了。再見?！?桑迪匆匆吻了一下媽媽的臉頰，拿起書沖出了屋子。

桑迪離家上學后，簡·芬奇平靜地坐下來喝咖啡。沒過一會兒，她丈夫走了進來。

“史蒂夫，喝點咖啡吧？”簡問道。

“不，謝謝，親愛的。我胃不舒服，心亂如麻?？赡苁且驗槟怯憛挼囊魳访刻煸缟习盐页承?。我想我還不至于老得落伍吧，可沒完沒了地聽那毫無韻律、令人討厭的歌曲實在讓我生氣?！?/p>

“你知道，親愛的，不同年齡的人喜歡不同的音樂，” 簡勸說道?！斑€記得我們聽過的一些音樂嗎？”

史蒂夫笑了，“你說得有道理。也許吃點早飯能讓我感覺好一點。” “你注意到了嗎，今天早晨我們15歲的女兒都化了什么樣的妝？我真不敢相信自己以前沒有注意到。我想我們應該感到幸運，因為我們女兒的最大問題還只是化妝。我看到其他年輕人在鎮(zhèn)上游手好閑，還文身，渾身穿了許多洞?！?/p>

“令我擔心的是，”史蒂夫說，“那種音樂對桑迪可能有負面的影響。我不知道我們的女兒到底怎么回事。她在變，我很擔心她?；瘖y品，糟糕的音樂，誰知道以后還會有什么花樣？

我們得和她談談。新聞里報道的盡是惹上麻煩的青少年，可他們的父母卻不知道自己的孩子有什么問題。”

“哦，我倒不認為她的音樂如此糟糕。但不管怎么說，你還是說得對，我們需要和桑

迪談談，” 簡說道。

去上班的路上，簡·芬奇一面開著車，一面想著她的桑迪。她知道自己想說什么，得對桑迪說什么。她和桑迪之間還可以進行交流，這令她很高興。她知道自己得有耐心，得保持自己和桑迪之間溝通的渠道暢通。她想在桑迪的身邊，做她的保護人，同時又給她尋找自我的自由。Exercises IX．

1．我認為那些在鎮(zhèn)上游手好閑、在身上又文身又穿洞的青少年是在表達他們的個性。

2．因特網(wǎng)提供了一種更快捷的方式，讓我們與全球的新老客戶取得聯(lián)系，并保持溝通渠道暢通無阻。

3．父母與自己十多歲的孩子的溝通問題不僅僅在于“代溝”，而且還在于雙方都不完全理解對方的思想。

4．當父母與子女間有了這類溝通障礙時，青少年面臨的問題可能更大。

5．青少年常常要經(jīng)歷這么一個階段，在這個階段，他們覺得父母會讓他們沒面子，害怕他們達不到自己朋友的標準。

6．比如，青少年希望在外呆到很睌，但是當?shù)诙煸缟弦鸫采蠈W時，那又是另一回事了。

Structured Writing XII.The first thing you should do to make tea is to boil water.While waiting for it to boil, you can get your teapot out and put the right amount of tea leaves into it.When the water has come to boil, pour it into the teapot.Then wait for a few minutes to 1et the leaves steep.Next? Enjoy the tea.Section B Reading Skills: Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions Text: Is There a Generation Gap? Language Point Language Point 1 | As a result, many parents fear that peer opinions will become more highly valued and that they in turn will lose influence.(Para.1)| Meaning: Because of this, many parents worry that their children will pay more attention to peers' opinions than to theirs.Language Point 2 | Several questions were asked to tap into basic beliefs and values...(Para.2)| Meaning: Several questions were asked to learn about people's basic beliefs and values...Language Point 3 | Across the generations, there was great consistency in the responses.(Para.2)| Meaning: All four generations have nearly the same answers.Language Point 4 | These studies show that while young people tend to value their peers' evaluations over parents on things like music, clothing and what's “cool”...(Para.3)| Meaning: These studies show that while young people are more likely to prefer their peers' opinions to their parents about such things as music, clothing, and what's “cool”...Language Point 5 |...they continue to look to parents for basic values and guidance in the more important areas of life, such as career and lifetime goals.(Para.3)| Meaning:...they continue to

depend on their parents for basic values, help, and advice in the more important areas of life, such as profession and lifetime goals.Language Point 6 | Perhaps, though, the problem does not lie in a difference of opinions or values, but in the way we relate to and communicate with each other.(Para.4)| Meaning: Perhaps, though, the problem is not that there is a difference of opinions or values between the old and the young, but that they have different ways of understanding and communicating with each other.Language Point 7 | Here are some tips from an article entitled “Bridging the Generation Gap” that might help.(Para.4)| Meaning: Here are some pieces of useful advice taken from an article with the title “Bridging the Generation Gap”.Language Point 8 | An attitude of respect and trust can be contagious.(Para.5)| Meaning: An attitude of respect and trust can bring about the same feelings in other people.In other words, if you respect and trust others, others will respect and trust you.Language Point 9 | Questioning can sound like interrogation.(Para.6)| Meaning: To children the questions parents ask may seem to be questions police ask criminals.Language Point 10 | Instead, adopt an attitude of curiosity rather than control.(Para.6)| Meaning: Instead, you should show your desire to know about your child, not to control him or her.Language Point 11 | If your object is only to listen, you should be careful not to be preparing your response while your teen is still talking.(Para.6)| Meaning: If you just want to listen to your child, you should pay attention to what he or she says rather than think about how to give a reply.Language Point 12 | Ask whether your child wants to hear it before sharing your point of view.(Para.7)| Meaning: Ask whether your child wants to hear your opinion before telling him or her about your ideas on that particular subject.Language Point 13 | If you state your case with a “This is what makes sense to me” attitude as opposed to “This is the right way to see things”, he or she can listen more openly instead of planning rebellion.(Para.7)| Meaning: If you tell your story with a friendly attitude instead of a commanding one, he or she will listen more willingly to you rather than rebel against you.
Notice that “This is what makes sense to me” is taken as a modifier that describes attitude.Language Point 14 | Any way you can get across the message “We're in this together” can help bridge gaps that conflicts might otherwise create.(Para.8)| Meaning: Any method by which you make your teen understand “We shall work on this together” can help bridge gaps that might be caused by other differences between you and your teen.
Note that “you get across the message” is a clause that modifies “any way” while “that conflicts can otherwise create” is a clause that modifies gaps.“We're in this together” is in apposition(同位)to “the message”.The word “in” here means involved in.32

Language Point 15 | Instead of “You're ruining your life!”, say “I'm concerned about what might happen if...” “What do you think you might do in a situation like that?”(Para.9)| Meaning: Do not say “You're ruining your life!” Just say “I worry about what might happen if...” or “What do you think you might do in a situation like that?”

Language Point 16 | Whether it's about checking in by the phone, putting things away, or drinking out of the milk carton, “Do as I say and not as I do” will not improve the relationship.(Para.10)| Meaning: Whether it is about reporting ones arrival at a place by the phone, about putting things where they are usually kept, or about drinking out of the milk carton, parents will not make the relationship better if they themselves do not follow the rules that they give to their children.
The implied meaning of this sentence is that whatever the rule is about, parents should follow it before asking their teens to obey it.Language Point 17 | Showing self-acceptance and tolerance for imperfection is very encouraging to teenagers(as well as other people around you)and tends to make you easier to approach with questions, regrets, and challenges.(Para.11)| Meaning: Accepting yourself and admitting that you are not perfect is very encouraging to teenagers(and to other people around you)and is likely to make you an easier person for other people to ask questions, express regrets, and present challenges.Language Point 18 |...like losing your cool or saying something hurtful during an argument.(Para.11)| Meaning:...like losing your self-control or saying something hurtful during a discussion.Language Point 19 | The humor, energy and sense of possibility teenagers often have can awaken parents to positive sides of themselves they had forgotten or neglected.(Para.12)| Meaning: Teenagers are full of humor and energy, and they think that everything is possible.This can make parents aware of their own strong points which they had forgotten or given little attention to.
Note that “teenagers often have” is a clause modifying “the humor, energy and sense of possibility”.New Word

<1>concept

n.[C] a thought, idea, or principle |概念；觀念

The concept that “big is beautiful” is no longer as popular as it was.|“大就是美”這種觀念不再那么流行了。

This section has introduced some of the basic concepts used by many sociologists.|本節(jié)介紹了許多社會學家使用的某些基本概念。

<2>consistency n.[U] the quality of always being the same |一致性；連貫性

Your work lacks consistency.Sometimes it's excellent but at other times it's full of mistakes.|你的工作缺乏穩(wěn)定性，有時做得很好，有時則錯誤百出。

Consistency of performance depends on several factors.|表演的穩(wěn)定依賴于幾種因素。

<3>response

n.1.[C] a reply |回答

I've sent out 20 letters of inquiry but I haven't had any responses yet.|我發(fā)出了20封詢問信，但還沒有收到回復。

Her response was to leave the room and slam the door.|她的反應是離開房間把門砰地關上。

2.[C, U] an action done as a reaction to sth.|反應，回應 She opened the door in response to the knock.|聽到敲門后她便開了門。

The report has aroused a strong response from the readers.|這篇報道引起了讀者的強烈反應。

<4>refute

vt.prove that sb.or sth.is not correct |反駁，駁斥

I knew he was lying but I had no evidence with which to refute his story.|我知道他在撒謊，但我沒有證據(jù)反駁他。

<5>tend vi.be likely to do sth.|傾向于，趨于

People tend to need less sleep as they grow older.|隨著年齡增長，人們對睡眠的需求往往在減少。

It tends to rain here a lot in the spring.|這里春天往往雨水很多。vt.|take care of;look after |照料，照顧

She tended her husband during his long illness.|丈夫長期臥病，她一直照料他。

ane was outside tending the garden when the fire broke out.|發(fā)生火災時，簡在外面護理花園。

<6>evaluate vt.judge the value, quality, or degree of sth.|評價；評估

|The school has only been open for six months, so it's hard to evaluate its success.|該學校僅開辦了六個月，現(xiàn)在很難估計其成績。

It can be difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments.|很難評估不同治療方法的效果。

<7> evaluation n.[C, U] a judgment about the value, quality, or degree of sth.|評估；評價 We need to carry out a proper evaluation of the new system.|我們需要對這個新的系統(tǒng)做適當評估。

They took some samples of products for evaluation.|他們?nèi)×艘恍悠愤M行評估。

<8>guidance n.[U] help and advice |指導，引導

They offer practical guidance to people starting their own businesses.|他們給開始自己創(chuàng)業(yè)的人提供切實可行的指導。

Your teacher can give you guidance on choosing a career and writing a job application.|你的老師可以指導你如何選擇職業(yè)和寫就業(yè)申請。

<9>career n.[C] a job or profession one is trained for and intends to follow for part or the whole of one's life |職業(yè)；一生的事業(yè)

His career in politics is rather successful.|他的政治生涯很成功。

Overall, I am very pleased about this new turn in my career.|總的說來，我對自己事業(yè)中的轉機很滿意。

<10>trend n.[C] a change toward sth.new or different |趨勢；傾向

Lately there has been a trend towards hiring younger employees.|近來的一種趨勢是雇用年輕的員工。

A lot of the students don't think for themselves;they just follow the latest trends.|很多學生不用腦思考，他們只會跟隨最新潮流。

<11>apply vt.use sth.such as a method, idea, etc.|使用，應用

New technology is being applied to almost every industrial field.|新技術被應用到幾乎每個工業(yè)領域。

These ideas are often difficult to apply in practice.|這些思想在實踐中往往難以應用。

vi.|request sth., esp.in writing |申請

She said she would apply to the department for a computer.|她說她會向系里申請要部電腦。How many jobs had you applied for before you were offered this one? |在得到這份工作之前，你申請了多少工作？

<12>individual a.single or particular |單個的；個別的

The education department decides on general teaching policies, but the exact details are left to the individual schools.|教育部門決定總的教育方針，但確切的細節(jié)留待各個學校自己處理。He has his own individual method of organizing his work.|他以自己獨特的方式組織自己的工作。

n.[C] one single person or thing |個人；個體

Are the needs of society more important than the rights of the individual? |社會的需求比個人的權利更重要嗎？

Effects of the drug vary from individual to individual.|這藥的效果因人而異。

<13>teen n.[C](infml.)a teenager |少年，十幾歲的孩子

Many teens continue to look to their parents for guidance in their studies.|許多十多歲的孩子學習時依然依賴父母給予幫助。

Seeing the police, the teens ran away.|一看到警察，這些少年就跑開了。

<14>relate vi.(to)be able to understand a situation or the way sb.feels or thinks |理解；適應；和睦相處

The magazine deals with scientific subjects that ordinary people can relate to.|該雜志討論的科學話題一般人都能看懂。

Laurie finds it difficult to relate to children.|勞利感到很難與孩子溝通。

V.show or make a connection between two different things |把...聯(lián)系起來

I don't understand how the two ideas relate.|我不明白這兩個觀點之間有什么聯(lián)系。

The report relates heart disease to high levels of stress.|這篇報告認為心臟病與精神壓力過大有關。

<15>entitle vt.1.give a title to a book, play, etc.|給（書、劇本等）題名；定名

Have you read the novel entitled Crime and Punishment? |你讀過《罪與罰》這部小說嗎？

The last song is entitled “Into the Woods”.|最后一首歌叫《走進森林》。

2.give sb.the right to have or do sth.|使有權做；給予...的資格

Only members of the company are entitled to use the facilities.|只有公司職員有權享用這些設施。

Being a member entitles you to discounts on tickets.|成為會員可以使你享受折扣票。

<16>attitude n.[C] a way of feeling or thinking about sb.or sth.|態(tài)度；心態(tài) She shows a very positive attitude to her work.|她的工作態(tài)度很積極。

Officials took the attitude that the problem was not their responsibility.|官員的態(tài)度是，這問題不是他們的責任。

<17>contagious a.1.(of an action, thought, etc.)that is likely to cause a similar response in others |有感染力的

Her contagious smile impressed me most.| 她的微笑富有感染力，給我留下深刻印象。

Trust is contagious.You trust other people and they will trust you.|信任是有感染力的。你信任他人，他人就信任你。

2.(of a disease)that can be passed from one person to another |傳染的

Measles is highly contagious.|麻疹的傳染性很強。

Most eye infections are contagious.|多數(shù)眼睛感染是會傳染的。

<18>confidence n.1.[U] the belief that one can do sth.well |信心，把握

The company is looking forward with confidence to the next five years.|那家公司對未來五年充滿信心。

I developed much more confidence in my ability and I've pushed my grades up.|我對自己的能力信心更足，而且我的成績也提高了。

2.[U] the belief that sb.or sth.is good and one can trust them |信任，信賴

We have complete confidence in your ability to do the job.|我們完全相信你有能力做這項工作。

What is most important is to maintain the customers' confidence in our product.|最重要的是要保持消費者對我們產(chǎn)品的信賴。

<19>self-confidence n.[U] confidence in oneself |自信

Passing the test helped her gain self-confidence.|她通過了考試，這幫助她獲得了自信。

He's new on the job, but he has plenty of self-confidence.|他干這項工作是個新手，但是他非常自信。

<20>sound vi.(linking verb)seem |聽起來；好像

This proposal sounds good to me, and I'm interested in seeing how it actually works.|這個建議聽起來很好，而且我很想看如何實施它。

It sounds to me as if he needs professional help.|我覺得他好像需要職業(yè)幫助。

<21>interrogation n.[C, U] the process of asking sb.questions for information, sometimes using threats |審問，盤問

He said he had the right to silence during the police interrogations.|他說警察審問時他有權保持沉默。

The interrogation of terrorist suspects gave the police a lot of information.|通過審問恐怖分子嫌

疑犯警察獲得了很多信息。

<22>adopt vt.1.decide to use sth.|采用；采取

She decided not to adopt her husband's name when she got married.|她決定婚后不從夫姓。These standards have been adopted by many cities;others have established their own standards.|很多城市采用了這些標準；其他城市建立了自己的標準。

2.take sb.else's child into one's family and legally become its parent |收養(yǎng)，領養(yǎng)

The couple adopted a baby boy.|那對夫婦領養(yǎng)了一個男嬰。She was adopted when she was four.|他四歲時被人領養(yǎng)了。

<23>curiosity n.[U] the desire to know or learn |好奇心；求知欲 She asked the question out of curiosity.|她問這個問題是出于好奇心。

The news aroused a lot of curiosity among local people.|這條新聞引起了當?shù)厝说臉O大好奇心。

<24>view n.1.[C] an opinion or idea about sth.|觀點，意見 In my view, she has done nothing wrong.|依我看，她沒有做錯。

I don't agree with the view that longer prison sentences stop people from committing crime.|我不同意判重刑會阻止人們犯罪這一觀點。

2.[U] ability to see sth.;sight |視力；視線

The car turned the corner and was no longer in our view.| 那輛車拐過街角就從我們的視線中消失了。

Frank hit him in full view of all the guests.|弗蘭克當著所有客人的面打了他。

<25>oppose vt.disagree with sth.such as a plan or idea and try to change or stop it |反對 Some people oppose the use of death penalty.|有的人反對使用死刑。

The local people opposed the building of an airport nearby.|當?shù)鼐用穹磳υ诟浇藿C場。

<26>rebellion n.[C, U] opposition to sb.in authority;refusal to obey |反抗；反對；對（權威等的）蔑視

As a result of the workers' rebellion, their working conditions have been improved.|工人們反抗的結果是，他們的工作條件得到了改善。

Teenage rebellion is something that many parents are concerned about.|青少年叛逆是很多父母關心的事情。

<27>chore n.[C] a regular piece of work or job, esp.in a house |家庭雜務；日常零星工作 Everyday chores like shopping and housework take much of her time.|購物、家務等日常雜務占去了她很多時間。

Husbands should do their share of the household chores.|丈夫也應該承擔部分家務活。

<28>conflict

n.[C, U] a state of disagreement or argument between people or groups |沖突；爭論

There is a conflict between what they are doing and what we need.|他們所做的事與我們的需要有沖突。

I came into conflict with one of my key managers.|我與我的一個重要經(jīng)理發(fā)生了沖突。

vi.(of ideas, beliefs, etc.)cannot exist together or both be true |沖突；抵觸

His statement and yours conflict.|他的話和你的話相互矛盾。

The company's desire to make large profits often conflicts with consumers' interests.|公司想賺大錢，這往往與顧客的利益沖突。

<29>credibility n.[U] the quality of deserving belief and trust |可信性；可靠性

The accident has damaged the credibility of the nuclear power industry.|這一事故損壞了核能工業(yè)的可信度。

There are questions about the credibility of these reports.|對于這些報道的可靠性，有人提出了質(zhì)疑。

<30>ruin vt.|destroy or spoil completely |毀壞，毀掉 The war ruined the ancient city.|戰(zhàn)爭毀掉了那座古城。

A long strike would ruin the company.|長期罷工會毀掉這家公司。

<31>carton n.[C] a box made from stiff paper or plastic |硬紙盒；塑料盒 a carton of orange juice |一盒橙汁

I took a ballpoint pen and punched a hole in the carton.|我拿了一支圓珠筆，在盒子上戳了個洞。

<32>admit vt.accept or agree that sth.is true or sb.is right |接受；承認 He admitted his guilt.|他承認有罪。

You may not like her, but you have to admit that she's good at her job.|你可能不喜歡她，但你得承認她工作很出色。

<33>acceptance n.[U] the act of accepting or being accepted |接受；認可

The new theory is gaining acceptance among the experts.|這一新理論正被專家所接受。His calm acceptance of whatever comes his way surprised us.|無論發(fā)生什么，他都能冷靜接受，這使我們很吃驚。

<34>Self-acceptance n.[U] the act of accepting oneself |自我接受

Self-acceptance may be even more difficult than getting other people to accept you.|自我接受也許比讓別人接受你更難。

Self-acceptance is important to most youngsters.|自我接受對多數(shù)青少年來說很重要。

<35>tolerance n.[U] the ability to accept or allow sth.that one does not like or agree with |包容；寬容

We should have tolerance for those with different views.|我們應該包容不同意見的人。

My biggest weakness was my lack of tolerance for any error.|我最大的缺點是我不能容忍任何錯誤。

<36>perfection n.[U] the state of being perfect or without fault |完美 He aims at perfection in everything he does.|他做事樣樣追求完美。

The perfection of a person's looks is only skin deep.True beauty comes from the inside.|外貌的完美是膚淺之美。真正的美來自內(nèi)心。

<37>imperfection n.[C, U] the state or quality of not being perfect |不完美

He admits that there are imperfections in the social system.|他承認社會制度有不完美的地方。The design of the test has some imperfections.|這一考試的設計有不完美的地方。

<38>approach v.move closer |接近，靠近

She heard footsteps approaching from behind.|她聽到身后有腳步聲向她靠近。As I approached the house, I noticed a light on upstairs.|在我靠近房子時，我注意到樓上有盞燈亮著。

vt.begin to consider or deal with |處理

What is the best way to approach this problem? |著手處理這個難題的最好辦法是什么？

It might be possible to approach the issue in a different way.|或許可以用另一種方式來處理這個問題。

n.1.[C] a method of doing sth.or dealing with a problem |方法；途徑

Parents don't always know what approach to take with teenage children.|父母往往不知道怎樣對待十多歲的孩子。

The company needs to adopt a different approach to this matter.|處理這個問題，公司需要一種不同的方法。

2.[U] the act of moving closer |接近，靠近

With the approach of winter, animals begin collecting food.|冬天來臨，動物開始儲藏食物。At their approach the boy ran away.|他們走近時，小男孩跑開了。

<39>hurtful a.painful to the feelings |傷感情的；刻薄的 His words were hurtful.|他的話很傷感情。

Don't say such hurtful things to your friend.|別對你的朋友說這樣傷感情的話。

<40>argument n.1.[C] a disagreement, esp.one that is noisy |爭論，爭吵

She had an argument with her father about music.|她和她父親為了音樂問題而爭吵。She told the police that she and her husband had an argument before he left.|她告訴警察，在丈夫離開前，她和他吵了架。

2.[C] a reason given to support or oppose sth.|論據(jù)；論點

His argument was that if they bought a smaller car, they would save money.|他的理由是，如果買輛小的車，他們就可以省點錢。

Do you agree with the argument that violence on TV makes people behave violently? |電視里的暴力使人們行為充滿暴力，你同意這種觀點嗎？

<41>humor n.[U](BrE humour)the quality of causing fun |幽默；詼諧

|It's an awful situation but at least you can see the humor in it.|處境雖然尷尬，但你至少可看到其中的幽默。

Do the best you can, hope for the best, and try to keep a sense of humor.|盡力干，往好的方面想，力求保持幽默感。

<42>possibility n.[C, U] sth.that might happen or be true |可能（發(fā)生）的事；可能性 There is a strong possibility that they will win the election.|他們很有可能在選舉中獲勝。

What's the possibility of the weather getting better before the weekend? |周末之前天氣好轉的可能性有多大？

<43>awaken v.wake up or make sb.wake up |醒來；喚醒

He awakened to see it was already 10 in the morning.|他醒來時，發(fā)現(xiàn)已是上午10點。We were awakened by a loud knock at the door.|敲門聲音很大，把我們吵醒了。

<44>neglect vt.give little or no attention to |忽視，忽略

The garden has been neglected for a long time.|花園已很久沒有人照管了。

Four security guards were accused of neglecting their duties.|四位保安人員被指控失職。

n.[U] failure to look after sth.or sb.properly |忽略，疏忽

The accident was caused by neglect of duty.|事故是由于玩忽職守引起的。

After years of neglect, the road was in poor condition.|由于幾年無人維護，這條路的路況很糟糕。

Phrases and Expressions <45>as a result |because of sth.that has happened |結果是

There was a heavy snow and, as a result, she was late.|她由于下大雪而遲到了。

A terrible earthquake took place last week.As a result, 2,500 people were killed.|上周發(fā)生了可怕的地震，結果死了2,500人。

<46>in turn |1.as a result of sth.|因此，轉而

One of the members told the story to his friend who, in turn, leaked it to a reporter.|一名成員將情況告訴了他的朋友，這個朋友轉而將消息告訴了記者。

Stressful environment leads to unhealthy behavior, which in turn increase the risk of heart disease.2.one after the other, esp.in a particular order |依次；輪流

There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke in turn.|女士們依次發(fā)言，聽眾對每個人報以歡呼。

We drove in turn so that each of us could rest a bit.|我們輪流開車，以便大家都能休息一會。

<47>tap into |understand sth.such as people's ideas, beliefs or attitudes |了解

The survey is aimed to tap into people's attitudes toward the new policy.|這項調(diào)查旨在了解人們對新政策的態(tài)度。

The program helps people tap into more job opportunities.|這個項目幫助人們了解更多的就業(yè)機會。

<48>get ahead |make progress or be successful |取得進步；成功

The best way to get ahead is through hard work.|成功的最佳途徑是努力工作。

She soon found that it wasn't easy to get ahead in the movie business.|她很快發(fā)現(xiàn)很難在電影業(yè)發(fā)展。

<49>look to |depend on sb.to do sth.|依賴；指望

He always looked to his father for advice.|他經(jīng)常依靠父親給他提供意見。

They're looking to the new manager to make the company profitable.|他們正指望新經(jīng)理能使公司贏利。

<50>feel like |feel as if |感覺好像；似乎

They felt like they were giving away company secrets.|他們覺得好像在泄露公司秘密。I stayed there two days, but it felt like a week.|我在那里呆了兩天，但覺得好像呆了一周。

<51>the way |(used to introduce a clause)in the way that |以...方式，以...方法

He does not bother about small matters the way his elder brother does.|他不像他哥哥常為瑣事而操心。

He tried to decorate his house the way we did.|他盡力像我們一樣裝修房子。

<52>sound like |seem |聽起來；似乎

Becoming a doctor sounds like a good idea.|當醫(yī)生似乎是個好主意。

Malta sounds like a great place for a holiday.|馬耳他似乎是個度假的好地方。

<53>rather than |instead of |而不是

It was what he meant rather than what he said that annoyed me.|讓我生氣的是他話中的意思，而不是他所說的話。

Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them.|發(fā)展核科學應該是為了造福人類而不是傷害人類。

<54>point of view |a particular way of seeing or judging a situation, person, event, etc.|觀點，意見

He always put his point of view with courage.|他總是大膽地說出自己的觀點。

From an economic point of view, the new development will benefit the town greatly.|從經(jīng)濟角度看，新的發(fā)展大大有利于這個城鎮(zhèn)。

<55>as opposed to |used to compare two things and show they are different from each other |與...對照；而不是

This is a book about business practice as opposed to theory.|這本書講的商業(yè)實務而不是理論。Students have discussions as opposed to just listening to the teacher.|學生們展開討論，而不是單純地聽老師講。

<56>get across |(cause to)become understood or accepted |（被）理解；（被）接受

It is hard to get some Chinese jokes across to foreigners because of cultural gap.|由于文化差異，一些中國笑話很難被外國人理解。

We must get across the simple fact that drugs are dangerous.|我們必須讓人知道這個簡單的事實：毒品是很危險的。

<57>be concerned about

|give one's attention to or worry about sb.or sth.|擔心

If you are concerned about your baby's health you should consult a doctor immediately.|如果你

擔心嬰兒的健康，就立刻帶他去看醫(yī)生。

She is concerned about her son's performance at school.|她很擔心兒子在學校的成績。

<58>check in |1.(AmE)call a person to say where one is and what one is doing |打電話報平安

He called to check in and tell us how he was doing.|他打電話報平安，告訴我們他的情況。She checks in with her mother at least once a week.|她一個星期至少打一次電話給媽媽報平安。

2.report one's arrival, as at a hotel desk, airport, etc.|登記入??；辦登機手續(xù)

We've checked in at a local hotel.|我們已在當?shù)匾患衣灭^辦理了入住手續(xù)。

Passengers should check in two hours before the time their plane leaves.|旅客要在起飛前兩小時辦理登機手續(xù)。

<59>put sth.Away |put sth.where one usually keeps it |把某物收好或放好 Put the books away on the bookshelf.|把書放回到書架上。He put his toys away every night.|他每晚都把玩具收拾好。

<60>lose one's cool

|lose one's calmness and self-control |失去冷靜

His teacher lost his cool when the boy was late again.|男孩又遲到了，他的老師很生氣。

I should not have lost my cool and behaved in that manner.|我真不該生氣，做出那樣的行為。

<61>awaken sb.to sth.|make sb.aware of sth.|使某人意識到某事

We must awaken people to the need to protect our environment.|我們必須使人們認識到保護環(huán)境的必要性。

The program awakens us to the danger of pollution.|這個節(jié)目讓我們認識到污染的危害。

有代溝嗎？

“代溝”這一術語出現(xiàn)于20世紀60年代。代溝的概念之一是指父母和孩子有不同的價值觀和信仰。因此，很多父母害怕孩子贊成伙伴的觀點，父母轉而失去影響力。雖然這個術語還是常常被使用，有人卻開始問這個問題：“今天的社會還有代溝嗎？”

有一項研究比較了四代人：18-30歲的人，31-48歲的人，49-62歲的人，63歲和63歲以上的人，問了幾個問題以了解人們對一些問題的基本信仰和價值觀，如“努力工作是成功之道”，“美國是世界上最佳的生活地”。四代人給出的答案非常接近。

許多對年輕人的研究駁斥了代溝這一觀念的存在。這些研究顯示，較之父母對音樂、服裝和何為“酷”的評價，年輕人更趨于贊同伙伴的見解，與此同時，在生活中更重要的方面，如職業(yè)生涯、終身目標等，他們還是繼續(xù)依賴父母的基本價值觀和指導。

當然，總趨勢是不能時時用于個例的。覺得在我們和我們的十多歲孩子之間好像存在令人不快的“代溝”，需要彌合它，這是自然的。然而，問題也許不在于見解和價值觀的不同，而在于我們相互理解和溝通的方式。下面的建議摘自于一篇題為“彌合代溝”的文章，也許對彌合代溝有所幫助。

尊重他人。尊重與信任是能感染人的。年輕人往往以父母看待他們的方式看待自己。反過來，當你表示你尊重他們有能力決策和從錯誤中學習時，他們會因此而獲得自信和自尊。

多聽少說。詢問聽起來可能像審問，不要這樣。應該抱有好奇的態(tài)度而不是控制之心。問些這樣的問題：“怎么會這樣？你現(xiàn)在怎么看？當時吃驚嗎？現(xiàn)在打算怎么做？你有什么計劃？這事你是不是需要幫助？”如果你的目的只是聽，在孩子說話時，你就需小心別在心里琢磨怎么回答。這樣你會聽得更好，而孩子也會受到鼓勵說得更多。

先問孩子是否想聽，然后才說你的觀點。只有當孩子說“是”時才繼續(xù)說下去，而且要簡潔。不要說教，不要期待孩子同意你的觀點。說話時，如果你的態(tài)度是“我是這樣理解的”，而不是“這樣看問題才對”，孩子就可能更愿意聽，而不會有逆反心理。

用“我們”而不用“你”?！半x開家之前我們要做家務，我們怎么料理必須做的事呢？” 不論你用什么方式，只要能將“這是我們共同的事”這一信息傳達給孩子，就有助于彌合本可能由沖突帶來的鴻溝。

保持冷靜。交談時生氣或者太激動，你就可能輕易地毀了自己的可信度。不要說“你毀了你的一生！”而要說“我擔心如果......會怎么樣。在這種情況下，你想你可能怎么辦？”

不要使用雙重標準。青少年非常警惕雙重標準。別指望他們遵守你自己都不遵守的規(guī)則。無論是打電話報平安，還是叫他們收拾東西，或用奶盒喝牛奶，“照我說的做”而不是“照我做的做”是不會改善關系的。

承認自己的錯誤，說說你從他們身上學到了什么。表現(xiàn)出自我接受和對不完美的容忍能很好地鼓勵青少年（以及你身邊的其他人），也往往能讓他們更容易接近你，向你提出問題、表達遺憾甚至對你提出挑戰(zhàn)。當你認為自己做錯了事或說錯了話，比如發(fā)了脾氣或爭論時說了令人傷心的話，就道歉。

有欣賞之心。青少年常有幽默感，充滿活力，看什么事都覺得可能，這些能使父母意識到自己身上已被忘記或忽略的好的方面。當十多歲的孩子體驗到被人愛時，他們通常表現(xiàn)得更可愛。Exercises

Section C Comprehensive Exercises

Unit 3 Preview When we are faced with a problem that we are unable to solve, a simple act of kindness from a stranger may provide a solution, lift our spirits, and even change our lives.Further, their actions may give us an example to follow in our own lives.Even when facing personal problems of our own, we need to choose to make other people?s lives better with our courage, imagination, and generosity.We should live our daily lives with the goal of helping others, and provide support without thinking of our own gains.If we live our lives in this way, we will find the satisfaction and purpose that we seek.Section A Pre-reading Activity In this story, a man describes that he felt ashamed when walking down the street with his crippled father when he was younger.He did not like the way people stared at the two of them.His father, on the other hand, never showed that he noticed others? reactions to his disability.He was very active and often took part in activities with his son.Over time, the son learned that his father had a very good heart.His father has been gone for many years now and he regrets not telling him how much he admired him.He often remembers the example his father set 1.Because his father was crippled.2.2.He felt ashamed to be with his father when he was younger.Now he regrets not telling his father how much he admired him.Text: A Good Heart to Lean On

Language Point

Language Point 1 | More than I realized, Dad has helped me keep my balance.| Meaning: Dad supported me emotionally and mentally more than I knew.Language Point 2 | He was severely crippled and very short...(Para.1)| Cultural Notes: Whereas at one time it might have been acceptable to call a person a “cripple” if injuries or deformities kept him from walking properly, it is no longer so.Nowadays we use the terms “handicapped person” or “disabled person”/individual instead of “cripple”.Some especially sensitive people prefer the terms “handi-capable person” and “specially-abled person”.Language Point 3 | I would inwardly struggle at the unwanted attention.(Para.1)| Meaning: I tried to overcome my feelings of embarrassment caused by the people who watched us;I did not want them to watch us.Language Point 4 | If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let on.(Para.1)| Meaning: He never showed that he was aware of it or troubled.Note that the conjunction “if” is used here to mean “although”.| More examples:| If she's poor, at least she's honest.
她雖然窮，至少她是誠實的。
It was a nice meal, if a little expensive.
那是一頓美餐，雖然貴了點。

Language Point 5 | It was difficult to coordinate our steps—his halting, mine impatient...(Para.2)| Meaning: We had difficulty walking together at the same speed because he was slow and unsteady and I walked quickly, having no patience to wait for him...Language Point 6 | But as we started out, he always said, “You set the pace.I will try to adjust to you.”(Para.2)| Meaning: But when we began our walk, he always said, “You set the speed of our walk and I will try to change my speed to keep up.”

Language Point 7 | He went to work sick...(Para.3)| Meaning: He went to work even when he was ill...| Here the adjective “sick” indicates a clause “even when he was sick”.| More examples:| He went to bed hungry last night.
他昨晚是餓著肚子上床睡覺的。
The tomatoes should be picked green.
這些西紅柿應該青的時候摘。

Language Point 8 |...despite nasty weather.(Para.3)| Meaning:...although the weather was very bad.Language Point 9 |...and would make it to the office even if others could not.(Para.3)| Meaning:...and he would arrive on time at the office even if others could not.Language Point 10 | It was a matter of pride.(Para.3)| Meaning: It(getting to the office on time)was something that my father was proud of.Language Point 11 | Once there, he would cling to the handrail...(Para.4)| Meaning: As soon as he got there, he would hold on to the handrail for support...| “Once” as a conjunction introduces an adverbial clause in which the subject and the verb “be” can often be omitted.| More examples:| Once(they are)in bed, the children usually go to sleep very quickly.
一上床，這些孩子通常很快就睡著了。
Once(it is)damaged, it takes many years for the environment to recover.
環(huán)境一旦遭到破壞，需要許多年才能恢復（正常）。

Language Point 12 |...the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept free of ice.(Para.4)| Meaning:...the lower steps that had no ice on them because of the warm air from the tunnel.Language Point 13 | When I think of it now, I am amazed at how much courage it must have taken...(Para.5)| Meaning: When I think of it now, I am surprised at how brave he must have been...Language Point 14 |...subject himself to such shame and stress.(Para.5)| Meaning:...make him experience such shame and stress.Language Point 15 | And at how he did it—without bitterness or complaint.(Para.5)| Meaning:(I am amazed)at how he subjected himself to shame and stress without pain or complaining.45

Language Point 16 | He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able.(Para.6)| Meaning: He never said that other people should feel sorry for him.And he didn't show any jealousy of those who were luckier or could do things he could not.| “Nor” is used after a negative statement in order to add something else that the negative statement applies to.Note the use of the past auxiliary “did” and the reversed order.| More examples:| I have never been dishonest, nor do I plan to start being so now.
我從來沒撒過謊，現(xiàn)在我也不打算開始破這個例。
I have never been to Paris, nor has my wife.
我從未去過巴黎，我妻子也沒去過。

Language Point 17 | What he looked for in others was a good heart...(Para.6)| Meaning: He tried to find qualities of, kindness, honest, etc.in other people...| Note that “good heart” is used to refer to the kind, honest, and generous nature of a person.|

Language Point 18 |...I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people...(Para.7)| Meaning:...I believe that it is suitable to judge whether a person is good or bad by whether he or she has a good heart or not...Language Point 19 | But I know at times I don't have one myself.(Para.7)| Meaning: But I know sometimes I don't have a “good heart”.Language Point 20 | Unable to engage in many activities...(Para.8)| Meaning: Although he was unable to take part in many activities...| Here “unable to...” is used to show concession.In English, adjectives or adjectival phrases are often used, especially at the beginning of a sentence, to show reason, concession, etc.| More examples:| Glad to accept, the boy nodded his agreement.
那男孩樂意接受，點頭表示同意。
Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote.
主席急于作出決定，要求投票表決。
Rather nervous, the man opened the letter.
那個人很緊張，拆開了信。

Language Point 21 |...my father still tried to participate in some way.(Para.8)| Meaning:...my father still tried to take part in some activities in one way or another.Language Point 22 | When a local baseball team found itself without a manager, he kept it going.(Para.8)| Meaning: When a local baseball team had no manager, my father managed to make it run smoothly.| Pay attention to the structure of “find oneself + prep./V-ing/V-ed”.| More examples:| At dusk, they found themselves at a valley.
黃昏時，他們來到一個山谷。
I found myself agreeing with everything she says.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)她說什么我都同意。
They woke up to find themselves surrounded by water.
他們醒來時，發(fā)現(xiàn)被水包圍了。|

Language Point 23 |...where he could have a good time just sitting and watching.(Para.8)| Meaning:...where he could enjoy himself by just sitting and watching.| In English, “have a good(hard, difficult, etc.)time” is usually followed directly by

-ing verb phrases without using any preposition.|

More examples:| I had a hard time finding you.
我費了好大勁才找到你。
She had a difficult time persuading him to accept the job.
她好不容易勸說他接受了那份工作。
In Spain she had a good time swimming and sunbathing on the beach.
在西班牙，她又游泳又在海灘上曬太陽，過得很愉快。

Language Point 24 | On one occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving.(Para.9)| Meaning: Once a fight suddenly started at a beach party and everyone at the party struck and pushed each other.Language Point 25 | He wasn't content to sit and watch...(Para.9)| Meaning: He wasn't satisfied just sitting and watching...Language Point 26 |...but he couldn't stand unaided on the soft sand.(Para.9)| Meaning:...but he couldn't stand on the soft sand without help.| The adjective “unaided” is used here to show the condition of being without help.|

Language Point 27 | But the next day people kidded him by saying...(Para.10)| Meaning: But the following day people made fun of him and said...Language Point 28 |...it was the first time any fighter was urged to take a dive before the fight began.(Para.10)| Meaning:...it was the first time any fighter was asked to admit defeat before the fight started.Language Point 29 | And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that I visited his office.(Para.11)| Meaning: And when I came home from the Navy for a holiday, he made sure that I visited his office.Language Point 30 |...and I could have done this, too, if things had been different.(Para.11)| Meaning:...and I could have done the same thing too, if I had not been severely crippled like this.| Pay attention to the subjunctive mood used in the sentence.|

Language Point 31 | He has been gone many years now...(Para.12)| Meaning: He has been dead for many years now...| “Be gone” is a more pleasant, less direct way of saying “be dead”.This use of language is called euphemism(委婉語).| Another example:| His father passed away(= died)last year.
他父親是去年過世的。

Language Point 32 | I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks.(Para.12)| Meaning: I don't know(even today)whether he realized that I was unwilling to be seen with him during our walks.Language Point 33 | If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was，47

how I regretted it.(Para.12)| Meaning: If he did realize that I was embarrassed, I regret not telling him that I was sorry, and that I didn't deserve to be his son, and that I regretted having behaved that way.Language Point 34 | I think of him when I complain about trifles...(Para.12)| Meaning: I think of him when I express feelings of unhappiness about unimportant things...|Language Point 35 |...I am envious of another's good fortune...(Para.12)| Meaning:...I wish I had another person's good luck...New Words

<1>lean vi.1.be against a wall or other surface |倚，靠

There is a ladder leaning against the wall.| 有一架梯子靠在墻上。

The old man leaning upon his stick at the gate is John's grandfather.| 那位在大門邊倚著拐杖的老人是約翰的祖父。

2.bend in a certain direction |傾斜，傾向，偏向

Don't lean out of the window when the bus is moving.|公共汽車開出時，別把身子探出窗外。Just lean forward for a moment, please.|請向前靠一會兒。

<2>balance n.1.[U] mental or emotional calm |平靜，鎮(zhèn)靜

She soon recovered her balance after she lost her temper.|她發(fā)脾氣后不久就恢復了平靜。His wife helped him keep his balance during difficult times.|他的妻子在他困難時候幫助他保持沉著心態(tài)。

2.[U] a state in which all weights and forces are evenly spread so as not to fall |平衡，均衡

Horse riders need a good sense of balance.|騎馬的人需要有良好的平衡感。

It's difficult to keep one's balance on an icy street.|在結冰的街道上保持平衡是不容易的。

v.(cause to)be even and keep in balance |（使）平衡，（使）均衡

When you ride a bicycle you must learn to balance.|騎自行車必須學會保持平衡。

Balancing my cup of coffee in one hand, I managed to open the door.|我拿穩(wěn)手中的咖啡杯，設法打開了門。

vt.|consider in relation to sth.else;compare |權衡，比較

You have to balance the positive points of living in a big city against the negative ones.|你必須權衡居住在大城市的利弊。

They balanced the profit and loss to see what had been gained.|他們比較盈虧情況，看看賺了多少。

<3>severe a.1.very bad or serious |惡劣的，嚴重的；劇烈的 She is suffering from a severe headache.|她頭疼得厲害。

The dry season is becoming more and more severe.|旱災日益嚴重。

2.strict or hard in thinking or treatment|嚴格的，嚴肅的，嚴厲的

Drug dealers face a severe punishment.|販毒者會受到嚴厲的懲罰。

The president came under severe criticism for the new tax policy.|新的稅收政策使總統(tǒng)受到嚴厲抨擊。

<4> severely ad.in a strict way |嚴重地；嚴格地，嚴厲地

The house was severely damaged in the hurricane.|房屋在颶風中遭受嚴重損壞。My mother was suffering severely from a cold.|我母親正患重感冒。

<5>cripple vt.make sb.unable to walk or move properly |使跛，使殘廢 He was crippled in an accident.|他在一次事故中變成了殘廢。He has been crippled with pain.|他感覺很疼，走路一瘸一拐。

n.[C] sb.who is physically disabled, esp.unable to walk |跛子，瘸子

Though he is a cripple, he supports his family by working hard.|雖然腿腳不便, 他還是努力干活養(yǎng)家。

She has gone from being a healthy young woman to being a cripple.|她從一個健康的年輕女子變成了殘疾人。

<6>inward a.1.located within;inside, esp.in the mind or spirit |在內(nèi)的，內(nèi)部的（尤指頭腦中、精神上）

inward doubts |內(nèi)心的懷疑

He helped others to achieve inward peace.|他幫助別人以獲得自己內(nèi)心的平靜。

2.going toward the inside |向內(nèi)的

an inward curve |向內(nèi)的弧線 an inward movement |向內(nèi)移動

<7> inwardly ad.in mind or spirit |內(nèi)心（或精神）方面

She was inwardly sad but she would not say anything about it.|她內(nèi)心痛苦，卻不會在言辭中表現(xiàn)出來。

She hates him inwardly.|她從心底恨他。

<8>bother vt.make sb.feel worried or upset |使苦惱

What bothers me most is my inability to keep up with others.|令我煩心的是我跟不上其他人。His rudeness bothers me.|我討厭他的粗魯。

vi.|make an effort to do sth.|盡力，費心

Few people ever bothered to talk to him.|很少有人費心和他講話。

I never bother to iron my shirts, so they're often a bit wrinkled.|我從不愿意花精力去熨襯衣，所以它們常常有點皺。

<9>coordinate vt.cause different parts, body parts, etc.to work together very well |使協(xié)調(diào) The plan was not very well coordinated.|那項計劃協(xié)調(diào)得不好。

We must coordinate our efforts to help people who have been affected by the flood.|我們必須齊心協(xié)力去幫助遭受水災的災民。

<10>halt v.stop |暫停，中斷，中止

The project halted for lack of fund.|那個項目因缺乏資金而停了下來。No one can halt the advance of history.|誰也阻擋不了歷史的前進。

n.|[sing.] a stop or pause |暫停，中斷，中止

The car came to a halt in time to prevent an accident.|汽車及時剎住，避免了一場事故。Production was brought to a halt by a strike.|由于罷工，生產(chǎn)停頓了。

<11>impatient a.1.easily annoyed;not patient |不耐煩的，沒有耐心的

Don't be so impatient!The bus will be here soon.|別這樣不耐煩！公共汽車很快就來。You're too impatient with her.She's only a child.|你對她太沒耐心了，她還只是個孩子。

2.very eager to do sth.or for sth.to happen;anxious |急切的，渴望的

They were already impatient to try.|他們已經(jīng)迫不及待，躍躍欲試了。

Many business students are impatient to become managers.|許多商科學生急切地想成為經(jīng)理。

<12>pace n.1.[sing.] speed of walking or running |步速；走（跑）的速度

They quickened their pace as they approached their cars.|他們接近汽車時加快了步伐。She slowed down her pace so I could keep up with her.|她放慢了速度，以便我能跟上她。

2.[sing.] the speed at which sth.happens |速度，速率；節(jié)奏

The pace of change in the computer industry is very fast.|計算機工業(yè)發(fā)展變化速度很快。I like the pace of life in the city.| 我喜歡這個城市的生活節(jié)奏。

vi.walk with slow, regular, even steps |踱步，慢步走

The policeman paced up and down the street.|警察在街上踱來踱去。

Sarah paced back and forth in the hallway, waiting for the doctor to come back.|莎拉沿著走廊走來走去，等醫(yī)生回來。

<13>adjust v.(to)become or make suited(to new conditions)|（使）適應

The former soldiers had difficulty in adjusting to ordinary life.|退役軍人難以適應普通人的生活。

The body quickly adjusts itself to changes in temperature.|人體能很快自行調(diào)節(jié)以適應氣溫變化。

<14>subway n.1.[C](AmE)a railway under the ground in a city |地鐵 He travels to work by subway every day.|他每天乘地鐵上班。I don't ride the subway late at night.|夜間太晚時我不乘地鐵。

2.[C](BrE)a path for walking under a road or railway|地下通道，人行隧道

The subway to the other side of the road was under repair.|過街地下通道正在維修。

|People are advised to walk through a subway to cross a street.|人們過馬路時應走地下通道。

<15>despite prep.in spite of |盡管，不管

They had a wonderful holiday despite the bad weather.|盡管天氣不好, 他們的假日仍然過得很愉快。

Despite the fact that she wants to see him, she turned down his invitation.|盡管想看到他，她還是拒絕了他的邀請。

<16>nasty a.1.unpleasant;horrible;disgusting |令人不快的，令人厭惡的 She could never forget that nasty sight.|她永遠也忘不了那令人作嘔的情景。I'm so glad you didn't get that nasty flu.|你沒染上那討厭的感冒，我很高興。

2.unkind|不友善的，惡意的

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