第一篇:研究工作報(bào)告的一般結(jié)構(gòu)及內(nèi)容
研究工作報(bào)告的一般結(jié)構(gòu)及內(nèi)容
(一)、課題研究的沿革
1.課題來源于何時(shí),由何部門批準(zhǔn)立項(xiàng)(也可以是自選),何時(shí)開題。如有多種來源,可按時(shí)間順序依次說明這些來源。
2.研究的主要任務(wù)是什么;在整個(gè)研究過程中“任務(wù)”有無變化(深化、調(diào)整);有何變化,最終是否導(dǎo)致了課題名稱(此時(shí),是成果名稱)的重新命名。
3.課題的研究目的、指導(dǎo)思想(原則),研究方法?;就桨赣嘘P(guān)內(nèi)容。
4.在什么樣的范圍(學(xué)校、班級(jí)、學(xué)生群體)內(nèi)展開研究,在整個(gè)研究過程中范圍有何變化。
5.課題研究進(jìn)程。是工作報(bào)告的主體。按研究計(jì)劃,明確研究所經(jīng)歷的主要階段和實(shí)施步驟;準(zhǔn)備階段、研究階段和總結(jié)階段所進(jìn)行的主要工作。在準(zhǔn)備階段的基礎(chǔ)工作,包括調(diào)查摸底、落實(shí)分工、擬定計(jì)劃、后勤保證等;在研究階段,緊緊圍繞方案的主要內(nèi)容和措施,把“怎樣做”的主要工作,包括觀摩、活動(dòng)、研討等如實(shí)反映出來,遇到的困難、問題,進(jìn)展情況和成果都包含在內(nèi),在總結(jié)階段,重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行測(cè)查、收集材料、撰寫報(bào)告等。
(二)、研究力量的安排
1.關(guān)于參加研究人員:①主研人員(有無調(diào)整)及其分工。如果可能的話,盡量闡明主研人員在研究工作中的學(xué)術(shù)性貢獻(xiàn);②參研人員(可只列出名單);③主要單位,協(xié)研單位。
2.關(guān)于顧問與指導(dǎo)人員: ①名單(姓名、單位、職務(wù)職稱等);②各位顧問、指導(dǎo)人員所做的學(xué)術(shù)性工作;③研究的組織與管理。課題組的組建,管理制度的落實(shí),各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的重視與支持(可列出“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組“名單),如需要,可對(duì)某些單位、部門、個(gè)人特別鳴謝。經(jīng)費(fèi)的籌集與開支等。
(三)、課題組所做的主要研究工作
1.理論學(xué)習(xí)的情況,主要圍繞哪些問題,以哪些方式,學(xué)習(xí)了哪些理論(或?qū)V⒄撐奈墨I(xiàn))。有多少人次參加了理論學(xué)習(xí)。
2.經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié),研討情況:①主要就哪些問題進(jìn)行過研討。②研討的名稱,參與的人數(shù)。③經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)材料,論文撰稿與發(fā)表情況。
最后要扼要介紹課題研究所取得的主要物化成果和主要經(jīng)驗(yàn),使整個(gè)研究過程自始至終給人以完整、清晰的印象。
附1:《基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下的小學(xué)英語教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)》課題工作報(bào)告(國家級(jí))XXX鎮(zhèn)中心小學(xué)課題組
執(zhí)筆:XXX
我校從2004年9月開始了教育部十五規(guī)劃《網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育與傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)》課題的研究工作。首先,課題組教師反復(fù)學(xué)習(xí)了《基礎(chǔ)教育課程改革綱要》并通過資料分析、專家引領(lǐng),進(jìn)一步明確了課題研究的指導(dǎo)思想。我們認(rèn)為,課題研究應(yīng)從小處、細(xì)處入手,著力于網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下英語教學(xué)的探索與研究,為學(xué)生創(chuàng)設(shè)一個(gè)快樂、寬松的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境,變被動(dòng)接受為主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí),在獲取知識(shí)的過程中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生收集信息、處理信息、發(fā)布信息及信息創(chuàng)新能力,為學(xué)生的可持續(xù)發(fā)展奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)?;谶@樣的認(rèn)識(shí),我們從理論假設(shè)、研究目標(biāo)、研究?jī)?nèi)容、研究方法、實(shí)施策略和實(shí)施步驟等方面對(duì)課題研究作了具體的規(guī)劃,撰寫了課題研究方案。在研究中,我們緊緊圍繞《基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下的小學(xué)英語教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)》課題研究的總體目標(biāo),抓住課題研究的實(shí)質(zhì),在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中努力把預(yù)期的目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)化為教學(xué)實(shí)踐活動(dòng),在近兩年的研究中,我們做了大量的工作,也取得了一些成效,現(xiàn)將我們的工作匯報(bào)如下:
一、組織培訓(xùn),提高認(rèn)識(shí)
1、利用假期對(duì)教師進(jìn)行多媒體課件制作、網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用和個(gè)人網(wǎng)頁、專題學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站制作培訓(xùn),大大提高了教師的信息技術(shù)水平。
2、有計(jì)劃地安排骨干教師參加各級(jí)各類現(xiàn)代教育技術(shù)培訓(xùn),以點(diǎn)帶面,促進(jìn)同步發(fā)展,確保學(xué)校現(xiàn)代教育設(shè)備的正常運(yùn)行和使用。
3、開展集體備課。(略)
4、定期開展課題研討。(略)
二、規(guī)范制度,加強(qiáng)管理
堅(jiān)持每?jī)稍乱淮巍罢n題研討”活動(dòng),及時(shí)分析總結(jié)前階段研究工作的得失,部署下階段的工作,提出新的要求,對(duì)課題研究過程中出現(xiàn)的問題查漏補(bǔ)缺,不斷提高和完善。認(rèn)真制訂每學(xué)期的實(shí)施計(jì)劃,按計(jì)劃上好實(shí)驗(yàn)課,抓好備課、上課、說課、評(píng)課各環(huán)節(jié),強(qiáng)化科研教師的研討意識(shí),提高研究能力。要求實(shí)驗(yàn)教師根據(jù)自己的實(shí)踐,寫上課、聽課的心得體會(huì),在理論和實(shí)踐的基礎(chǔ)上,寫好研究性論文。
三、加大軟、硬件建設(shè),創(chuàng)設(shè)學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境(略)
四、加強(qiáng)過程管理,提高科研水平
1、建立《基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下的小學(xué)英語教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)》的題管理檔案袋。
2、堅(jiān)持每月一次的例會(huì),學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)的教育理論,交流研究中的得失,同時(shí)對(duì)下階段的工作提出新的目標(biāo)要求。
3、重視課堂實(shí)踐,上好研究課。(略)
4、撰寫課題研究論文,課題組成員平時(shí)注重積累、結(jié)合教學(xué)實(shí)踐,寫好教學(xué)隨筆、論文。英語教師已有20多篇論文在各級(jí)論文評(píng)比中獲獎(jiǎng)或刊登。附2:《生活化數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)的研究》課題研究報(bào)告
XXX小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課題組
執(zhí)筆
XXX
一、研究背景
1、回歸生活——新課程的生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)(政策依據(jù)、社會(huì)需求。即時(shí)代背景.用以說明研究者選用的新的社會(huì)參照標(biāo)準(zhǔn))
關(guān)于新課程力求課程的生活化,要求課程內(nèi)容應(yīng)結(jié)合學(xué)生實(shí)際生活的需要,回歸生活的論述(略)。
2、調(diào)查:孩子怎樣看待數(shù)學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)?(略)
調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,有47%的學(xué)生不喜歡數(shù)學(xué)!這一驚人數(shù)據(jù)警示我們,作為自然科學(xué)的支撐學(xué)科——數(shù)學(xué),它應(yīng)該呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生的巨大魅力已喪失殆盡!(問題或現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況)
究其原因很多,但數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)與學(xué)生生活相脫離是一個(gè)重要原因。(略)
我們考察了學(xué)科教學(xué)遠(yuǎn)離生活的現(xiàn)狀,分析了當(dāng)前小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課堂學(xué)習(xí)生活存在的種種問題及其根源,解讀了新課程改革對(duì)兒童學(xué)習(xí)生活重建的關(guān)注(根據(jù)新的社會(huì)參照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求),我們提出了“生活化數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)的研究”這一課題。我們寄希望于通過對(duì)學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)課堂學(xué)習(xí)生活的研究,重新喚起教師對(duì)教學(xué)和教育的價(jià)值的理解,通過課堂設(shè)計(jì)的改進(jìn),努力建立學(xué)生“知識(shí)世界”和“生活世界”的橋梁,讓孩子不再生活在兩個(gè)世界中。把學(xué)生培養(yǎng)成為學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)的主體、個(gè)體生活的主體和社會(huì)活動(dòng)的主體。(研究目的、意義即研究?jī)r(jià)值)
二、理論思考
1、有關(guān)概念的界定
生活問題數(shù)學(xué)化(即數(shù)學(xué)抽象)和數(shù)學(xué)問題生活化(即數(shù)學(xué)應(yīng)用)。
2、理論假設(shè)
如果我們立足于學(xué)生的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活,及時(shí)收集與學(xué)生的生活密切相關(guān)的數(shù)學(xué)問題,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)從生活中提出數(shù)學(xué)問題,然后再把這些問題移進(jìn)課堂,通過對(duì)現(xiàn)行教材資源的有效整合和合理利用,使數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)內(nèi)容源于學(xué)生現(xiàn)實(shí)生活,教學(xué)過程中的方法、手段貼近學(xué)生現(xiàn)實(shí)生活,學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)應(yīng)用、驗(yàn)證于日常生活,不斷向?qū)W生滲透應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)的意識(shí),長(zhǎng)此以往,不斷深化,就能逐步讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)用數(shù)學(xué)的眼光去看待周圍的世界,從數(shù)學(xué)的角度出發(fā)提出一些生活中的問題,用數(shù)學(xué)的思想和方法去分析和解決問題,用數(shù)學(xué)的語言去解釋得出的答案或結(jié)論,從而促進(jìn)學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)情感、態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀的形成以及學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)能力和生活能力與心理素質(zhì)的協(xié)同發(fā)展。
三、研究目標(biāo)
1、通過研究探索形成一些數(shù)學(xué)生活化教學(xué)的策略,構(gòu)建一種與生活相融的課堂教學(xué)模式。
2、通過本課題的研究,加強(qiáng)數(shù)學(xué)與生活的聯(lián)系,使教學(xué)內(nèi)容、教學(xué)活動(dòng)方式、教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)貼近學(xué)生生活,從而改變學(xué)生的的學(xué)習(xí)方式,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的興趣,提高學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)素養(yǎng),促進(jìn)學(xué)生整體素質(zhì)的主動(dòng)發(fā)展。
3、解決數(shù)學(xué)教師以本為本,被動(dòng)施教的問題,通過本課題的研究,激發(fā)教師的積極性和創(chuàng)造性,促進(jìn)教師的專業(yè)發(fā)展。
四、研究原則(簡(jiǎn)述略)
1、實(shí)踐性原則
2、趣味性原則
3、現(xiàn)實(shí)性原則
4、動(dòng)態(tài)性原則
5、開放性原則
五、研究?jī)?nèi)容:
1、構(gòu)建一種與生活相融的數(shù)學(xué)課堂教學(xué)模式的研究。
(1)、加強(qiáng)學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)主動(dòng)性的研究。(2)、創(chuàng)設(shè)生活化數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)情景,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)興趣的研究。
(3)、豐富學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)生活實(shí)踐體驗(yàn),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)應(yīng)用能力的研究。(4)、挖掘?qū)W生現(xiàn)實(shí)生活教育資源,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自我拓展的意識(shí)及學(xué)習(xí)品質(zhì)的研究。
2、構(gòu)建新型的數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)方法的研究
主要目標(biāo):通過對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行多樣化的、全面的評(píng)價(jià),以使學(xué)生得到各方面素質(zhì)的全面發(fā)展。讓不同的學(xué)生在數(shù)學(xué)上得到不同的發(fā)展。
六、研究方法
本課題研究主要以行動(dòng)研究法為主,輔之以調(diào)查法、個(gè)案研究法、經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)法等方法。行動(dòng)研究法要注意五個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)(指:計(jì)劃、行動(dòng)、考察、反饋與調(diào)整)和螺旋式上升的規(guī)律。
在研究過程中步步落實(shí),根據(jù)實(shí)際情況隨機(jī)相應(yīng)調(diào)整、修改、及補(bǔ)充,以求研究的實(shí)效性。
七、研究步驟與措施
(一)、本課題的研究分三個(gè)階段進(jìn)行:
1、準(zhǔn)備階段(略)
2、實(shí)施階段(略)
3、匯總階段(略)
(1)歸類收集各種資料、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。(2)進(jìn)行全面分析,撰寫研究報(bào)告。(3)整理匯編實(shí)驗(yàn)成果。
(二)、研究措施
1.加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí),提高理論水平。(略)2.加強(qiáng)聯(lián)系,提高研究水平。(略)
3.加強(qiáng)管理,提高研究效率。(略)
4、創(chuàng)設(shè)研究舞臺(tái),推廣研究成果。(略)
八、研究?jī)?nèi)容與過程(圍繞研究方案中的研究?jī)?nèi)容敘述研究方法、措施及結(jié)果等)
(一)、構(gòu)建數(shù)學(xué)生活化課堂教學(xué)的一般模式的研究
1、立足現(xiàn)實(shí),發(fā)掘生活化的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)資料。
對(duì)生活化數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)材料的發(fā)掘我們主要從以下兩方面展開:(1)、教材中生活化學(xué)習(xí)資料的發(fā)掘(略)(2)實(shí)際生活中學(xué)習(xí)材料的發(fā)掘(略)具體做法如下:(略)
2、立足生活,讓學(xué)生經(jīng)歷生活化的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)歷程。(略)
3、探究生活化的數(shù)學(xué)問題,掌握科學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)思想方法,提高解決問題的能力。(略)
4、設(shè)計(jì)生活化的練習(xí),讓學(xué)生在生活中學(xué)習(xí)、應(yīng)用和發(fā)展數(shù)學(xué)。(略)
(二)、構(gòu)建新型的數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)方法的研究 主要采用了如下評(píng)價(jià)方法:
自我評(píng)價(jià)。即尊重學(xué)生,讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行自我評(píng)價(jià)。(略)附:《生活化數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)的研究》研究課學(xué)生自我評(píng)價(jià)表 互動(dòng)式評(píng)價(jià)。(略)實(shí)踐性評(píng)價(jià)。(略)附:“生活化數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)的研究”課堂教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)表 《生活化數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)的研究》實(shí)踐課學(xué)生評(píng)價(jià)表
八、課題研究的初步成效和理性思考
(一)、通過研究、實(shí)踐初步構(gòu)建起小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)生活化課堂教學(xué)的一般模式
我們把小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)生活化課堂教學(xué)一般分為:創(chuàng)設(shè)生活化的問題情境 —— 提出數(shù)學(xué)問題(數(shù)學(xué)來源于生活)—— 探究問題的解決方法(提煉為數(shù)學(xué))——運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)解決生活中的實(shí)際問題(數(shù)學(xué)應(yīng)用于生活)。下面結(jié)合“求平均數(shù)應(yīng)用題”作個(gè)案簡(jiǎn)析:(成果運(yùn)用)
1、創(chuàng)設(shè)生活化的問題情境
2、探究問題
3、運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)解決生活中的實(shí)際問題
(二)研究促進(jìn)了教師的教學(xué)改革,改變了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)狀況。(研究效果敘述略)
1、教師在關(guān)注學(xué)生的同時(shí),自身專業(yè)獲得了較大發(fā)展。
2、建立了新型的師生關(guān)系。
3、激發(fā)了學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的興趣。
4、改變了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方式,提高了學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)素養(yǎng)。
(三)問題與思考
隨著研究活動(dòng)的深入開展,我們也在實(shí)踐中不斷總結(jié),通過兩年多的實(shí)踐我們也產(chǎn)生了一些的思考:(敘述略)
1、教師們的教育理論有待提高。
2、對(duì)課外學(xué)生信息的收集及現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中問題的解決缺乏及時(shí)有效地指導(dǎo)與評(píng)價(jià),如何改進(jìn)?仍需進(jìn)一步探索。數(shù)學(xué)生活實(shí)踐課的開展要走向課堂外、走向社會(huì),那么如何取得老師與老師,老師與家長(zhǎng),學(xué)校與社會(huì)的合作,這些課的組織與安排還有待進(jìn)一步的完善。
3、數(shù)學(xué)課堂教學(xué)的模式應(yīng)該是開放的、多元和多樣的,“生活化教學(xué)”納入其中,它與其它課堂教學(xué)模式如何整合?又如何完善?這些都要做進(jìn)一步的研究。
參考文獻(xiàn):(略)
第二篇:臨床研究總結(jié)報(bào)告結(jié)構(gòu)與內(nèi)容
兆科藥業(yè)(合肥)有限公司
文件編號(hào):
版本號(hào):V4.0 SOP-MW-006 Relevant File NO.1 Structure and Content of Clinical Study Summary Report
Structure and Content of Clinical Study Summary Report:
? Page 1(the contents of each title in page 1 should be listed in separate page)1.Title Page Title page should includes:Generic name of investigation product, drug registration applicant(with seal), research type, research number, study initiation date, study termination date, principal investigator(with signature), study site(with seal), signature of responsible leader of statistics and seal of statistical company, contact information of application, report date, source information retaining site.2.Table of Contents Present the table of contents and corresponding page number of clinical trial summary report.3.Synopsis of Study Report Briefly introduce the accomplished study, and describe the results with meaningful data rather than written description and P-value.4.Ethics-related Information Declare that this completed clinical trial is conducted in compliance with the ethical principles of medical research of human that have their origin in the Declaration of Helsinki, and that has received independent ethics committee/institutional review board approval, as well as the revision application.The approval document of ethics committee, the clinical trial information which is provided to subjects and the sample of subjects’ informed consent form should be provided.5.Clinical Investigators The clinical trial principal investigator’s name, site, duty in this study and CV(is given in appendix)should be provided, as well as the principal investigators, participants, director of statistical analysis and the writer of clinical study final report.6.Abbreviations The full names of abbreviations in study final report.? Main text 1.Introduction
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文件編號(hào):
版本號(hào):V4.0 Introduce the background, foundation, appropriateness, target population of the investigational product, along with the current therapies and therapeutic efficacy.To document the basic of the conduct of this study, and the cooperation between declarer and clinical study site.2.Trial Objectives The objectives to achieve of this clinical study.3.Trial Management Description of the management structure, management process and the status of conducting in accordance with GCP, should include the information of the training for the participants as well as monitoring/audit, regulations of reporting adverse events, quality control of laboratories, statistics/data management, appropriate action for the problems occur during this study.4.Trial Design
4.1 Description of the Trial Design and Protocol
The description should be concise and clear, if required, relevant graphs can be used to describe directly.A description of the trial design should include: treatment(drug, dose and use), subjects and the sample size, blinding(un-blinded, single-blinded, double-blinded), control types, trial design(parallel and crossover),methods of assigning(random, stratified), duration of the trial and the sequence(the time period between pre-randomization to termination of treatment;the time of treatment interrupting., single-blinding or double-blinding, randomization;to illustrate time arrangement directly by schematic diagram as possible), processing plan and interim analysis for data auditing, problems of safety or special cases.4.2 Consideration of Trial Design and Choosing Control Group d To describe the deterministic accordance and rationality of setting the control group.If control group has not been set, an explanation should be provided;detailed explanations for overcoming selection bias should be provided if without using randomization.To declare the rational consideration of trial-related drug washout period and dose interval.4.3 Selection of Subjects
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文件編號(hào):
版本號(hào):V4.0 Illustrate the indications, inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria and deletion criteria.4.4 Trial Process Describe the applicable process and related information of the investigational product in detail.The name, specification, dosage form, source(s), batch number(should record each batch number of the investigational product(s)if more than one batch number is used), date of expiration and preservation condition of the investigational product should be provided, as well as the detailed description for the investigational product administration(includes reference(s)for dose determination, route of administration, dosage and administration time).Provide detailed description of the method and procedure of random assignment.To describe the procedure of blinding(label, blind table, emergency document, double-dummy technique), situation of emergent unblinding.Appropriate measures should be taken to prevent distinguishing the investigational product and comparator, and to insure blinding could be administrated during data auditing or interim analysis.A specific statement of control bias should be provided, if blinding is inappropriate or permitted.In addition to the investigational product, information of the other drug should be provided, including administration, prohibition, record and guidelines, as well as the evaluation for the regarding results of any effects on investigational product.Provide the details of actions to secure compliance of the subjects, such as investigational products accountability, subjects’ diaries.4.5 Parameters of Efficacy and Safety Detailed information should be provided about the parameters of efficacy and safety, laboratory examination, examination scheduling, examination methods, responsible staffs, flow chart, notes, definition of parameters and the tests results(including ECG, EEG, imaging tests and laboratory tests).The way of receiving adverse events data, criteria and handling of adverse events, should be provided.The primary criteria of endpoint for evaluating therapeutic effect should be illustrated clearly, the
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兆科藥業(yè)(合肥)有限公司
文件編號(hào):
版本號(hào):V4.0 relevant evidence for determination(such as literatures, guidelines)should be provided, also, relevant evidence should be provided if substituted criteria is use,When measuring drug concentration, should specifies the sampling time of biological samples and the interval administration time, and the possible influence of diet, drug combination, cigarette, alcohol, coffee during the time the subjects receiving investigational product and sampling.Sample processing and measurement should be gone through by method validation, and explanation for special cases should be provided.4.6 Quality Assurance for Data Brief description of quality assurance procedure for guaranteeing the data is accurate and reliable should be provided, including the condition of monitoring/auditing, consistency of entered data, range of the values, logical checking, and the procedure of blind reviewing.When necessary, quality-control-related document should be provided, such as the source documents of consistency checking, range of values, rationality checking, blind reviewing, and the record of the communication of investigator(s)and monitor(s).4.7 Proposal of Statistics Handling and Sample Size Determination
Should clearly describe the definition of analysis set(including Fully Analysis Set, Per Protocol Set(PPS), Safety Database Set, which are all determined by Intention To Treat Principle), types of trial(superiority, equivalence or non-inferiority), definition of primary indicator and secondary indicator, statistical analysis method for all kinds of parameters(the method and software should be recognized worldwide), the methods of evaluating therapeutic effects and safety.Should provide description which is focused on the way of analysis, comparison and statistical tests, and the handling of outliers and missing data, including descriptive analysis, parameter estimation, hypothesis testing, analysis of covariate(including the handling of central effect during multicentre trials).Should describe for the hypothesis of testing and treatment effect to be estimated, methods of statistical analysis and relevant statistical model.Treatment effect estimating should be provided with confidence interval along with calculation method.About the hypothesis testing, should specify to use whether one-side test or two-side test, the reasons for using one-side test should be provide.4 / 10
兆科藥業(yè)(合肥)有限公司
文件編號(hào):
版本號(hào):V4.0 The definition of all kinds of primary and secondary indicators should be described clearly as well as the exclusion of some cases, along with reasons and detailed description.Calculation method of sample size, calculation procedure, the estimated value of statistics during calculating and its source.4.8 Amendment during Study Trial It is inadvisable to amend study protocol, if amendment is required, any amendments(such as changes of treatment groups, inclusion criteria, dosage, sample size), should be explained and has the approval of ethics committee.The amending time, reasons, procedure and whether it has filed should be described in detailed, as well as to demonstrate the effects for the evaluation for the results of the study.4.9
Interim Analysis To illustrate whether it has interim analysis, if has, should conduct in accordance with the definite study protocol and explain the calculation method of alpha spending function.5.Results 5.1 Subjects 5.1.1 Inclusion of Subjects The number of the subjects involved could be described by chart, including the number of screening, randomization, subject completion and subject incompletion(including those withdraw, be removed, interrupt, and drop out).For the reasons of exclusion, incompletion(including visit missing, adverse effect, poor compliance), whether continue to visit after withdrawing, whether to conduct unblinding when withdrawing, should be analyzed and described.Meanwhile, subjects’ demographic information and the other situation of drug combination should be described.5.1.2 Deviations From the Study Protocol Should describe all the deviations from inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, subject management, subject evaluation and study procedure.Below should be listed in the report, summarized and analyzed: ? ?
The subject(s)who is/are involved but not be eligible for inclusion in this study.The subject(s)who is/are eligible for the exclusion criteria but not yet to be excluded.5 / 10 兆科藥業(yè)(合肥)有限公司
文件編號(hào):
版本號(hào):V4.0
? ? The subject(s)who has/have received incorrect treatment or dosage.The subject(s)who take(s)prohibited medication(s)contemporarily.5.2 Evaluation of Efficacy 5.2.1 Effects Analysis Data Set
Should provide specific definition for the subjects who are involved in effects analysis, including the subjects who have received investigational product, completed the study in accordance with study protocol,or all the subjects who have specific compliance.Should analyze the fully analysis set in general.Should provide detailed description for those subjects who have received investigational product but not yet to be involved to effects analysis data set.5.2.2 Demography and the other Baseline Data To conduct comparable analysis between the trial group by demographic parameter and baseline characteristic data, in general, including the analysis of the fully analysis set which is confirmed by Intention to Treat Principle, and the analysis which is in accordance with protocol set.In multicentre trial, the comparability of each center should be compared.The analysis should includes, age, gender, human race, target disease inclusion criteria, disease progress, severity, clinical specific symptoms, laboratory examination, important prognostic indicator, diseases combined, past history, the other trial-influent factors(such as weight, antibody level)and the other relevant index(such as smoking, alcohol, special diet and menstruation).5.2.3 Compliance To summarize and analyze the measured compliance of each subject(對(duì)每個(gè)受試者依從性測(cè)量的總結(jié)及分析。)Should describe the methods/parameters of assurance and recording compliance, such as calculation of medication administration, daily diary card.5.2.4 Analysis of Effects To compare the difference by comparing primary effect index, secondary effect index, pharmacokinetic parameter.Should conduct benefit/risk assessment on each subject when necessary.6 / 10
兆科藥業(yè)(合肥)有限公司
文件編號(hào):
版本號(hào):V4.0 To perform FAS analysis and PP analysis according to the protocol as stipulated in trial design.Should analyze the classification indicator and numerical index of protocol, provide description of definition basic for newly-setting classification indicator, and if possible, time process which is produced by effect also should be provided.Each branch center of multicentre trial should provide descriptive analysis results(brief summary of branch center), and hypothesis testing may not need to conduct if the sample size is limited.Branch center brief summary should be written by its principal investigator, along with the seal of that branch center and writer’s signature in the title page.The contents should include the relevant information of that center, situation of subject inclusion, deviations from trial protocol, baseline of e.g., demography, descriptive analysis of data, statistical description of primary therapeutic effect index and secondary therapeutic effect index, handling and descriptive statistics of generated adverse effects, comments for the clinical trial of the principal investigator from corresponding branch center.5.2.5 Brief Summary of Efficacy Briefly summarize the efficacy and clinical significance of investigation product by analyzing the primary and secondary therapeutic effect index.5.3 Evaluation of Safety
The subject, who has received investigational products at least once, should be included into safety analytic set.Evaluation of safety has three parts, Part 1: subjects’ level of administering investigational product/exposure, which refers to the dosage, treatment period(s), and number of receiving investigational product;Part 2: to classify the common adverse event and laboratory index in a rational way, compare the difference between each group by using appropriate statistical analysis method, and analyze the possible factors(such as time dependence, dosage, concentration, demographic characteristics)of affecting the frequency of adverse effects/events;Part 3, serious adverse events and the other important adverse event(refer to those adverse events which need clinical procedure, such as stop to receive investigation product, reduce dosage and the other medical treatment)are determined by analyzing the subject(s)who withdraw the trial because of adverse event(s).The causal relationship between all the adverse events and investigational
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兆科藥業(yè)(合肥)有限公司
文件編號(hào):
版本號(hào):V4.0 product should be specified.The present adverse event can be summarized by chart, for the adverse events that need to focus on, should provide detailed description.The adverse events of investigational product and control drug should be reported.5.3.1 Level of Administering Investigational Product/Exposure Administering investigational product/exposure time may be described by mean and median, and the number of subjects in some specific period, meanwhile the number of subjects of each sub-group may be listed by the items, such as age, gender, disease, etc.Dose of administering investigational product/exposure may be described by mean and median, also can be expressed as the number of subjects of daily average dose.Administering investigational product/exposure time and dose may be described conjunctively(e.g., the number of subjects in a dose group if the administering investigational product time is at least one month), in the mean time the number of subjects of each sub-group should be listed by the items, such as age, gender, disease.The drug concentration which is related to adverse events or laboratory testing abnormalities should be provided.5.3.2 Analysis of Adverse Event Should analyze all the adverse events of investigational product and control drug, and be illustrated directly by using graphs and charts, which should reveal the frequency, severity of adverse events, also the causal relationship of adverse events and drug administration, adverse events of each system.To compare the frequency of adverse events of treatment group and control group, preferably to compare separately in combination with the severity and causal judgment, if necessary, should analyze the relevance between adverse events and dose of administration, time of administration, feature of baseline and demographic characteristic, respectively.Serious adverse event and the important adverse event that principal investigator consider need to be reported, should be reported and analyzed additionally and attached with case report..The attachment would provide the case report of each subject who has serious adverse event and important adverse event, including case number, demographic characteristic, details of the occurrence of adverse event(initiation time, duration, severity, treatment and the result)and judgment for causal relationship, etc.8 / 10
兆科藥業(yè)(合肥)有限公司
文件編號(hào):
版本號(hào):V4.0 5.3.3 Safety-related Laboratory Examination According to professional judgment, it would eliminate the non-significant abnormalities that have not relationship with safety, besides, description for significant abnormalities of laboratory examination will be provided.Also, it would supply abnormal items list and the form for the analysis and statistics of treatment group and control group, and the discussion of the changing clinical significance as well as the relationship with investigational product.5.3.4 Brief Summary of Safety Provide overall summary to safety of investigational product, and focus on the adverse event that results in dose adjustment, requiring other treatments, investigational product discontinuation or death.Would present the possible significance of safety for the widely use in clinic of investigational product.5.4 Discussion and Conclusion
Summarize the result of safety and efficacy of clinical study, also, discuss and measure the risk and benefit of investigation product.Briefly and repeatedly report the results are not permitted, as well as raise new result(s).The conclusion should provide evaluation of its significance and possible problems, description for the individual or population obtained benefits during treatment of and problems need to be noticed, and the significance for further study.5.5 Statistical Analysis Report Statistical analyses report, which is provided in appendices, includes, 1.Brief description for the information collection and arrangement of the procedure of the whole clinical trial, which includes objectives, study design, randomization, blinding, blinding review, definition of primary object and secondary objective, regulations of statistical analyses set, handling for missing values and outliers.2.Accurate and complete description of statistical model, which includes, choosing statistical analysis software(should provide the full name and version of the statistical analysis software), the contents of statistical description, regulation for significant level, the choice its reasons for conducting hypothesis testing and establishing confidential interval.If data transformation has been conducted during the process of statistical analyses, rationale of data transformation, and explanation for the assessment of treatment response(base on the transformational data), would be provided.3.Description of the characteristics of baseline for subject inclusion of each group, also the results of statistical tests.4.Statistical description for
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兆科藥業(yè)(合肥)有限公司
文件編號(hào):
版本號(hào):V4.0 each observation index(primary index, secondary index and composite index, index of comprehensive evaluation and substituted index)for each group and the results of hypothesis testing.Statistical description results of each observation time;also the test statistics and p-value of hypothesis testing would be provided;for instance, the results of t-test(which can be used to determine if two sets of data are significantly different form each other)should include the case number of each sample, mean value, minimum value, maximum value, t-value and p-value.When conducing analysis of variance for efficiently analyzing the primary index, at least should includes mean value and standard deviation of each site and analysis of covariance form(which would take each treatment, the factor of each site and baseline into analyzing).For the information of crossover design, including the information of treatment sequence and its number of subjects, each baseline at the beginning of each phase, washout period and its duration, the situation of drop-out in each phase and ANOVA table(for analyzing treatment, phase and the interaction of treatment and phase).5.The safety evaluation of each group is mainly described by statistical description, including situation of administrating medication(duration, dosage and medication concentration), adverse event rate, detailed description of adverse event, the changes of laboratory tests results before and after the trial, abnormal changes and its relationship with investigational product.The results above should be indicated by statistical table and chart as much as possible, and the conclusion of statistical analyses should be illustrated by accurate statistics glossary.All the statistical calculation procedure should be save as a file so as to audit.6.References Relevant references should be listed in accordance with Vancouver Style, and the copy of principal references should provide in appendix.10 / 10
第三篇:中期研究工作報(bào)告內(nèi)容和格式要求
中期研究工作報(bào)告內(nèi)容和格式要求
一、內(nèi)容
1.前期工作概述
包括工作程序、工作結(jié)果、工作量狀況。
2.已完成的工作
包括計(jì)劃內(nèi)和外的工作成果。
3.未完成的工作
根據(jù)計(jì)劃還未完成的工作,或計(jì)劃外還需完成的工作,及完成計(jì)劃。
4.前期經(jīng)費(fèi)使用情況。
二、格式
1.封皮
下載標(biāo)準(zhǔn)封皮格式。
2.正文
按[例]編排。
[例]:.1 研究背景隨著我國市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的不斷完善,住房制度改革的不斷深入,我國的房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)歷了從無到有、從小到大,逐漸繁榮的歷程。近年來,房地產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)入高 1.1.1990年全國房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)企業(yè)只有4400家,1995年達(dá)到33483家,而到了2003年達(dá)到了37123家。隨著房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)從賣方市場(chǎng)向買方市場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)變,企業(yè)間競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日益激烈。
······
表1研究對(duì)象樓盤信息表
人數(shù)
35 30 25 20100 一室一廳
兩室一廳 三室一廳 兩室兩廳 三室兩廳 圖1 不同戶型購買人數(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)圖參考文獻(xiàn) [1]姚玲珍.房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)營銷[M].上海:上海財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)出版社.2004:75-89.[2]潘蜀健,陳琳.房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)營銷[M].北京:中國建筑工業(yè)出版社:2003.30-35.[3]欒淑梅.房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)營銷[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社
.2006:73-79.人文經(jīng)管學(xué)院
學(xué)生課外學(xué)術(shù)科技項(xiàng)目
中期工作報(bào)告
項(xiàng)目名稱:________________________________
項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人:______________________________
項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人所在專業(yè):____________________
聯(lián)系方法:
住址_________________________
電話_________________________E-mail_______________________
人文經(jīng)管學(xué)院工商管理基地
共青團(tuán)人文經(jīng)管學(xué)院委員會(huì)
年月
第四篇:地下結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)容
第一章:1,地下結(jié)構(gòu):在保留上部地層(上體或土層)的前提下,在開挖出能提供某種用途的地下空間內(nèi)修筑的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)物。
2,地下結(jié)構(gòu)體系:在地層穩(wěn)固的情況下—圍巖本身就是承載結(jié)構(gòu)。地層自穩(wěn)能力較強(qiáng)時(shí),地下結(jié)構(gòu)將不受或少受地層壓力的荷載作用,否則地下結(jié)構(gòu)將承受較大的荷載直至必須獨(dú)立承受全部荷載作用。周圍地層(圍巖)+地下結(jié)構(gòu)=地下結(jié)構(gòu)體系。
3,襯砌的(或稱為被覆):除在堅(jiān)固、完整而又不易風(fēng)化的穩(wěn)定巖層中可以只開成毛洞外,其他在所有地層中的坑道都需要修建支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu),即襯砌。它是在坑道內(nèi)部修建的永久性支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)。
4,地下結(jié)構(gòu)的計(jì)算特性:(1)必須充分認(rèn)識(shí)地質(zhì)環(huán)境對(duì)地下結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的影響 ;(2)地下工程周圍的地質(zhì)體是工程材料、承載結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)又是產(chǎn)生荷載的來源 ;(3)地下結(jié)構(gòu)施工因素和時(shí)間因素會(huì)極大地影響結(jié)構(gòu)體系的安全性。4)地下工程支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)安全與否,既要考慮到支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)能否承載,又要考慮圍巖會(huì)不會(huì)失穩(wěn),這2種原因都能最終導(dǎo)致支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)破壞 ;(5)地下工程支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵問題在于充分發(fā)揮圍巖自承力。
5,支護(hù)上承受的荷載:與原巖應(yīng)力,地質(zhì)體強(qiáng)度、施工方法、施工流程(時(shí)間因素)、支護(hù)形式、結(jié)構(gòu)形狀等有關(guān)。6,施工方法是確定斷面形狀的決定性因素:(1)礦山法——拱形(2)明挖法——一般是矩形,(3)盾構(gòu)法——一般是圓形;
7,地層(圍巖)的作用:①地層既是承載結(jié)構(gòu)的基本組成部分,②是形成荷載的主要來源③洞室周圍的地層在很大程度上是地下結(jié)構(gòu)體系中承載的主體。④地下結(jié)構(gòu)的安全度首先取決于地下結(jié)構(gòu)周圍的地層能否保持持續(xù)穩(wěn)定,并且應(yīng)充分利用和更好地發(fā)揮圍巖的承載能力。
8,地下結(jié)構(gòu)的形式:(1)按其使用目的(或由圍巖的穩(wěn)定性):①防護(hù)型支護(hù) :封閉巖面,防止圍巖質(zhì)量的進(jìn)一步惡化 ;②構(gòu)造型支護(hù) :防止局部掉塊或崩塌 ③承載型支護(hù):輕型、中型及重型等 ⑵按支護(hù)作用機(jī)理分為:①剛性支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)②柔性支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)③復(fù)合式支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)
9,襯砌的按制造方式(指承重型):①就地灌注整體式混凝土襯砌,用模板澆注混凝土襯砌,剛度較大;a,礦山法施工時(shí)常用拱形結(jié)構(gòu)形式b,明挖法施工常用的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是矩形框架,c,沉埋法(水下明挖法)常用的結(jié)構(gòu)師預(yù)支型的②錨噴支護(hù):柔性,能吸收圍巖變形;③復(fù)合式襯砌:先柔后剛,先錨噴后模筑;④ 裝配式襯砌:工廠預(yù)制,施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)拼裝。
10,結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)的計(jì)算模型:是以支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)作為承載主體,圍巖作為荷載的來源,同時(shí)考慮其對(duì)支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的變形約束作用的模型,稱為結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)模型;分為:①主動(dòng)荷載模型②主動(dòng)荷載加圍巖彈性約束的模型③實(shí)地量測(cè)荷載模式
11,經(jīng)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì):就是根據(jù)圍巖的穩(wěn)定程度的分級(jí)指標(biāo),參考同類工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)以確定所涉及結(jié)構(gòu)的有關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)和施工方法,如結(jié)構(gòu)厚度,配筋,開挖方式等。
12,收斂-約束法:收斂-約束曲線:1-洞周收斂曲線(圍巖特征曲線)2-支護(hù)約束曲線(支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)特征曲線)
第二章:1,初始應(yīng)力場(chǎng):由于巖體的自重和地質(zhì)構(gòu)造作用,在開挖隧道前巖體中就已存在的地應(yīng)力場(chǎng)
2,自重應(yīng)力場(chǎng):是指上覆巖體自重所產(chǎn)生的應(yīng)力場(chǎng),它是地心引力和離心慣性力共同作用的結(jié)果
3,構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場(chǎng):是指地殼各處發(fā)生的一切構(gòu)造變形與破裂所形成的地應(yīng)力
4,巖體自重應(yīng)力場(chǎng)的變化規(guī)律為:① 地應(yīng)力是隨深度呈線性增加的;② 水平應(yīng)力總是小于垂直應(yīng)力,最多也只能與其相等(μ≤0.5,0.15~0.35)。③ 地殼構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)改變了重力應(yīng)力場(chǎng)的狀態(tài),如背斜、斷層;④ 深度對(duì)初始應(yīng)力狀態(tài)有重大影響;其應(yīng)力狀態(tài)可視圍巖的強(qiáng)度不同分別處于彈性的、隱塑性的及流動(dòng)的3種狀態(tài)。
5,構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場(chǎng)的變化規(guī)律:① 地質(zhì)構(gòu)造形態(tài)的變化不僅改變了自重應(yīng)力場(chǎng),除了以各種構(gòu)造形態(tài)獲得釋放外,還以各種形式積蓄在巖體內(nèi)。② 構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場(chǎng)在不深的地方已普遍存在,最大構(gòu)造應(yīng)力的方向多近似為水平,且水平應(yīng)力普遍大于自重應(yīng)力場(chǎng)中的水平應(yīng)力分量,甚至也大于垂直應(yīng)力分量
6,圍巖的工程性質(zhì):一般包括3個(gè)方面:物理性質(zhì)、水理性質(zhì)、力學(xué)性質(zhì),而對(duì)圍巖穩(wěn)定性最有影響的是巖體的力學(xué)性質(zhì),即圍巖抵抗變形和破壞的性能,物理性質(zhì):巖體的組成和結(jié)構(gòu)狀態(tài);水理性質(zhì):遇水軟化及透水性;力學(xué)性質(zhì):圍巖抵抗變形和破壞的性能。上述的前兩個(gè)性質(zhì)是影響巖體力學(xué)性質(zhì)的重要因素。
7,巖體的力學(xué)性質(zhì):⑴①在軟弱圍巖中,巖體的特性與結(jié)構(gòu)巖石的特性并無本質(zhì)區(qū)別。
在完整而連續(xù)的巖體中也是如此;②在堅(jiān)硬的塊狀巖體中,巖體的力學(xué)性質(zhì)主要受結(jié)構(gòu)面的性質(zhì)及其在空間的位置所控制。③巖體的力學(xué)性質(zhì)是諸因素綜合作用的結(jié)果,有些巖體是巖石的力學(xué)性質(zhì)起控制作用,有些巖體是結(jié)構(gòu)面的力學(xué)性質(zhì)占主導(dǎo)地位。⑵主要取決于:a.巖體的結(jié)構(gòu)特征;b.結(jié)構(gòu)體巖石的特性;c.結(jié)構(gòu)面的特性。d.環(huán)境因素尤其是地下水和地溫對(duì)巖體的力學(xué)性質(zhì)影響很大。
8:蠕變:作用的應(yīng)力不變,而應(yīng)變隨時(shí)間而增長(zhǎng)的現(xiàn)象稱為蠕變。
9,松弛:這種應(yīng)變不變,而應(yīng)力隨時(shí)間衰減的現(xiàn)象稱為松弛。
10,流變:無論巖體受壓或受剪,它們所產(chǎn)生的變形都不是瞬時(shí)完成的,而是與加載速度和在荷載作用下的長(zhǎng)期性有關(guān),這種時(shí)間效應(yīng)稱為。
11,圍巖分級(jí)的基本概念:不同地質(zhì)條件與圍巖穩(wěn)定性之間存在著一定的聯(lián)系,根據(jù)巖體完整程度和巖石強(qiáng)度等主要指標(biāo)在給予定性和定量的評(píng)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)上,按其穩(wěn)定性將圍巖分為工程性質(zhì)不同的若干級(jí)別,這就是圍巖穩(wěn)定性分級(jí)。12,影響圍巖穩(wěn)定性的主要因素:(1)地質(zhì)因素:① 巖體結(jié)構(gòu)類型 ② 結(jié)構(gòu)面性質(zhì)和空間的組合。以上兩種決定了巖體的完整程度 ③ 巖石的力學(xué)性質(zhì),即堅(jiān)硬程度 ④ 圍巖的初始應(yīng)力場(chǎng) ⑤ 地下水狀況。(2)工程活動(dòng)中的人為因素:① 坑道的尺寸和形狀。② 施工中所采用的開挖方法。
第三章:1,二次應(yīng)力狀態(tài):洞室開挖后,由于圍巖在開挖面處解除了約束,破壞了這種平衡,洞內(nèi)各點(diǎn)的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)發(fā)生了變化,其結(jié)果引起洞室周圍各點(diǎn)的位移,從而適應(yīng)應(yīng)力的這種變化,這種現(xiàn)象叫做應(yīng)力重分布。把重新分布后的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)叫做二次應(yīng)力狀態(tài)或圍巖應(yīng)力狀態(tài)。
2,圍巖:通常我們把洞室周圍發(fā)生應(yīng)力重分布的這部分巖體叫做圍巖
3,收斂:由于二次應(yīng)力狀態(tài)的作用,使圍巖發(fā)生向洞內(nèi)的位移,這種位移稱之為收斂。結(jié)果有二:①若巖體強(qiáng)度高,整體性好,斷面形狀有利,巖體的變形到一定程度就將自行終止,圍巖是穩(wěn)定的。②反之,巖體的變形將自由地發(fā)展下去,最終導(dǎo)致隧道圍巖整體失穩(wěn)而破壞。
4,約束:在這種情況下,應(yīng)在開挖后適時(shí)地沿隧道周邊設(shè)置支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu),對(duì)巖體的移動(dòng)產(chǎn)生阻力,相應(yīng)地,支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)也將承受圍巖所給予的作用力,并產(chǎn)生變形
5,進(jìn)行支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的5方面問題:① 圍巖初始應(yīng)力狀態(tài),或稱一次應(yīng)力狀態(tài);② 開挖洞室后圍巖的二次應(yīng)力場(chǎng)和位移場(chǎng);③ 判斷圍巖二次應(yīng)力場(chǎng)和位移場(chǎng)是否符合穩(wěn)定性條件
f({?}2,R1)?0?? ?2即圍巖穩(wěn)定性準(zhǔn)則。F({u},R2)?0??④ 設(shè)置支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)后圍巖的應(yīng)力狀態(tài),亦稱圍巖的三次應(yīng)力場(chǎng)和位移場(chǎng),以及支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)力和位移;
⑤ 判斷支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)安全度的準(zhǔn)則,一般可寫成 f1({M},K1)?0?? F1({δ? K2)?0?6,洞室開挖后的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)特征及影響因素:① 初始應(yīng)力場(chǎng)的影響,由于圍巖的二次應(yīng)力場(chǎng)是初始應(yīng)力在洞周重新分布的結(jié)果,初始應(yīng)力狀態(tài)對(duì)圍巖二次應(yīng)力,位移場(chǎng)起決定性作用。② 開挖斷面形狀的影響。在一定的初始應(yīng)力場(chǎng)中,圍巖二次應(yīng)力場(chǎng)受隧道橫斷面形狀的影響很顯著。③ 巖體結(jié)構(gòu)特性的影響。巖體結(jié)構(gòu)特性對(duì)圍巖二次應(yīng)力場(chǎng)的影響是內(nèi)在的,本質(zhì)的。④ 巖體力學(xué)性質(zhì)的影響⑤ 洞室開挖后圍巖應(yīng)力的空間效應(yīng)⑥ 時(shí)間效應(yīng)的影響⑦ 施工方法的影響。開挖方式。
7,無支護(hù)坑道圍巖失穩(wěn)的形式:① 脆性破壞——巖爆,發(fā)生在高地應(yīng)力場(chǎng)中的硬巖。② 塊狀運(yùn)動(dòng)——沿結(jié)構(gòu)面產(chǎn)生的松弛、滑移和墜落,發(fā)生在塊狀,有不利結(jié)構(gòu)面的巖體。③ 彎曲折斷破壞,發(fā)生在層狀(薄層)巖體。④ 松動(dòng)解脫,發(fā)生在破碎松散巖體。⑤ 塑性變形和剪切破壞。塑性巖體,發(fā)生過度位移
8,計(jì)算圍巖二次應(yīng)力場(chǎng)和位移場(chǎng)假定前提(4個(gè)假設(shè)):① 視圍巖為均質(zhì)的、各向同性的連續(xù)介質(zhì);② 只考慮自重形成的初始應(yīng)力場(chǎng);③ 坑道形狀以規(guī)則的圓形為主;④ 坑道位于地表下一定深度,問題簡(jiǎn)化為無限平面中的孔洞問題。
9,圍巖的特征曲線,亦稱圍巖的支護(hù)需求曲線:形象地表明圍巖在洞室周邊所需提供的支護(hù)阻力及與其周邊位移的關(guān)系
10,支護(hù)特征曲線:是指作用在支護(hù)上的荷載與支護(hù)變形的關(guān)系曲線,支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)所能提供的支護(hù)阻力隨著支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的剛度而增大,所以這條曲線也稱為’支護(hù)補(bǔ)給曲線‘。
11,圍巖與支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)靜力平衡狀態(tài)的建立:①不同剛度的支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)與圍巖達(dá)成平衡時(shí)的Pa和Ur0是不同的。②同樣剛度的支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu),架設(shè)的時(shí)間不同,最后達(dá)成平衡的狀態(tài)也不同。
12,圍巖壓力的基本概念:廣義地講,我們將圍巖二次應(yīng)力狀態(tài)的全部作用稱為圍巖壓力。一般工程中是指由于洞室開挖后的二次應(yīng)力狀態(tài),圍巖產(chǎn)生變形或破壞所引起的作用在襯砌上的壓力。
13,變形壓力:由于圍巖變形受到支護(hù)的抑制而產(chǎn)生的。① 彈性變形壓力 ② 塑性變形壓力 ③ 流變壓力
14,松動(dòng)壓力:由于開挖而松動(dòng)或塌落的巖體,以重力形式直接作用在支護(hù)上的壓力
15,自然平衡拱:由于洞室的開挖,若不進(jìn)行任何支護(hù),周圍巖體會(huì)經(jīng)過應(yīng)力重分布→變形→開裂→松動(dòng)→逐漸塌落的過程,在坑道的上方形成近似拱形的空間后停止塌落。將坑道上方所形成的相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的拱,第四章:1,現(xiàn)代支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)原理主要內(nèi)容:①現(xiàn)代支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)原理是建立在圍巖與支護(hù)共同作用的基礎(chǔ)上②充分發(fā)揮圍巖自承能力是現(xiàn)代支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)原理的一個(gè)基本觀點(diǎn)③現(xiàn)代支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)原理的另一個(gè)支護(hù)原則是盡量發(fā)揮支護(hù)材料本身的承載能力。④現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)控量測(cè)和監(jiān)控設(shè)計(jì)是現(xiàn)在支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)原理中的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。⑤現(xiàn)代支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)原理要求按巖體的不同地質(zhì)和力學(xué)特征用不同的支護(hù)方式。
2,理想支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的基本要求:①必須能與周圍巖體大面積地牢固接觸,即保證支護(hù)-圍巖體系作為一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的整體工作。②要允許支護(hù)-圍巖體系產(chǎn)生有限制的變形,一充分發(fā)揮圍巖的承載能力,從而減少支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的作用,協(xié)調(diào)地發(fā)揮
兩者的共同作用。③重視早期支護(hù)的作用,并使早期支護(hù)與后期支護(hù)相互配合,協(xié)調(diào)一致地工作,主動(dòng)控制圍巖的變形。
④必須保證支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)架設(shè)及時(shí)。⑤作為支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)要根據(jù)圍巖的動(dòng)態(tài)(位移,應(yīng)力等),及時(shí)進(jìn)行調(diào)整和修改,以適應(yīng)不段變化的圍巖狀態(tài)。
3,錨噴支護(hù)的優(yōu)越性:①能充分發(fā)揮圍巖的自稱能力和支護(hù)材料的承載能力,適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)原理對(duì)支護(hù)的要求②由于工藝上的原因,錨噴支護(hù)可在各種條件下進(jìn)行施作,因此能夠做到及時(shí),迅速,以阻止圍巖出現(xiàn)松動(dòng)塌落③錨噴支護(hù)屬柔性薄型支護(hù),容易調(diào)節(jié)圍巖變形,發(fā)揮圍巖自承能力。④能充分發(fā)揮支護(hù)材料的承載能力。⑤能減小圍巖松動(dòng)和應(yīng)力集中。
4,設(shè)計(jì)與施工的一般原則:①對(duì)坑道圍巖進(jìn)行分級(jí)②按圍巖級(jí)別選擇支護(hù)類型與參數(shù)③選擇合理的噴層厚度,充分發(fā)揮圍巖和噴層自身的承載力④合理配置鋼筋網(wǎng)⑤合理選擇鋼支撐⑥二次襯砌通常是模筑的,在修二次襯砌之前要修防水層,形成具有防水性能的組合襯砌。
第五章:1,常用的計(jì)算模型(結(jié)合P13圖1.3.1)① 主動(dòng)荷載模型:適用于圍巖與支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)剛度比較小,或飽和含水或用于初步設(shè)計(jì) ② 假定彈性反力模型 ③ 計(jì)算彈性反力模型
2,荷載:可根據(jù)在設(shè)計(jì)基準(zhǔn)期內(nèi)的作用時(shí)間,分為:永久的,可變的,偶然的3,承載能力極限狀態(tài):指結(jié)構(gòu)或構(gòu)件達(dá)到最大承載能力或達(dá)到不適于繼續(xù)承載的較大變形的極限狀態(tài)。
4,正常使用的極限狀態(tài):指結(jié)構(gòu)或構(gòu)件達(dá)到使用功能上允許的某一限值的極限狀態(tài),可以根據(jù)不同的設(shè)計(jì)要求,采用荷載的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值或組合為荷載代表值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組合。
5,彈性支撐法:也稱鏈桿法,是計(jì)算彈性反力圖形解算襯砌內(nèi)力的一種方法。特點(diǎn)是:①“局部變形”理論考慮襯砌與圍巖共同作用;③彈性支承:用具有和巖柱彈性特征相同的彈性支承代替巖柱,③鉸接的方式作用在襯砌單元的節(jié)點(diǎn)上,所以它不承受彎矩,只承受軸力。④注意每一個(gè)彈性支承所代表的地層范圍——彈性支承的間距
6,引道 :是城市道路中立交地道、水底隧道的洞門與地面的連接段,也是地下鐵道車輛引出線的重要組成部分,其作用是擋土、擋水(地下水)和防洪(地面水)。分為:① 墻式(亦稱分離式引道);a.重力型、半重力型擋墻。b.薄壁式鋼筋混凝土擋墻。c.加筋土擋墻、錨定板擋墻和土釘墻。d.板樁-拉錨型支擋結(jié)構(gòu) ②槽式(亦稱整體式引道)。7,支擋結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)步驟 :① 工程類比初步擬定結(jié)構(gòu)物的尺寸,并滿足基本構(gòu)造要求;② 確定其上作用的荷載;③ 進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)物的穩(wěn)定及其地基應(yīng)力驗(yàn)算,并達(dá)到一定的安全系數(shù);④ 進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)物的強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算,并達(dá)到一定的安全系數(shù);⑤ 若穩(wěn)定或強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算不能滿足安全系數(shù)的要求時(shí),則要重新擬定截面尺寸,或改進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)形式,反復(fù)計(jì)算直至達(dá)到要求為止。
8,洞門:洞門:交通隧道兩端的出入口要修筑洞門,洞門是防護(hù)隧道洞口的工程結(jié)構(gòu),是隧道(包括明洞)的重要組成部分。
9,洞門的作用:①保持洞口仰坡和路塹邊坡的穩(wěn)定,防止車輛不受崩塌、落石等威脅;
②減少邊坡、仰坡的開挖高度;③可以截?cái)r、匯集、排除地表水;④還可以起到裝飾洞口的作用。
第七章:1,信息反饋設(shè)計(jì)方法:所謂信息設(shè)計(jì)和施工,實(shí)質(zhì)是通過施工前和施工過程中對(duì)導(dǎo)洞、試驗(yàn)洞或正洞的量測(cè),以這些實(shí)測(cè)值進(jìn)行反演分析,用來監(jiān)控圍巖和支護(hù)的動(dòng)態(tài)及其穩(wěn)定與安全,根據(jù)及時(shí)獲得的量測(cè)信息進(jìn)一步修改和完善原設(shè)計(jì),并指導(dǎo)下階段施工,確定支護(hù)施作方式和時(shí)間,調(diào)整支護(hù)參數(shù),以期獲得最優(yōu)地下結(jié)構(gòu)物的一種方法2,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)控量測(cè)內(nèi)容:確定測(cè)試內(nèi)容、制訂量測(cè)方案、選擇測(cè)試手段以及實(shí)施監(jiān)測(cè)計(jì)劃等。
3,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)控量測(cè)的設(shè)計(jì):(1)選擇和確定量測(cè)項(xiàng)目與量測(cè)手段
① 常規(guī)觀測(cè) a.目測(cè)監(jiān)測(cè)。是隧道施工監(jiān)測(cè)的重要內(nèi)容; b.收斂位移量測(cè)。水平方向側(cè)壁圍巖之間的收斂量、頂拱下沉量、底部隆起位移量等。c.地表位移量測(cè)。② 試驗(yàn)段測(cè)試a.地層性態(tài)參數(shù)測(cè)定。確定力學(xué)參數(shù)及確定坑道開挖后的松動(dòng)區(qū)范圍 ;b.圍巖及支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)受力變形狀態(tài)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試。確定松動(dòng)區(qū)范圍 ;支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)或臨時(shí)支撐承受的地層壓力,以及支護(hù)或內(nèi)襯結(jié)構(gòu)承受的內(nèi)力。
4,信息反饋修正設(shè)計(jì)的兩種考慮情況:⑴修正未開挖部分的預(yù)設(shè)計(jì):對(duì)于在地質(zhì)調(diào)查基礎(chǔ)上的預(yù)設(shè)計(jì),需根據(jù)施工中的觀察,量測(cè)結(jié)果和具體的圍巖情況,對(duì)未開挖段的支護(hù)模式或施工方法進(jìn)行合理的修正。⑵變更已開挖部分的預(yù)設(shè)計(jì):根據(jù)量測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析,開挖后位移不收斂時(shí),可采取增打錨桿,增加噴射混凝土厚度,仰拱臨時(shí)閉合等對(duì)策。
5,信息反饋指導(dǎo)施工:(1)最大允許位移值的控制,最大位移值與地質(zhì)條件、埋深、斷面形狀和大小、開挖方法、支護(hù)類型及其參數(shù)有關(guān)(2)位移速度的控制:開挖通過量測(cè)斷面時(shí)位移速度最大,以后逐漸降低,可根據(jù)位移速度來判斷圍巖的穩(wěn)定性。(3)位移加速度的控制 :位移時(shí)態(tài)曲線始終保持位移加速度小于0,說明位移速度不斷下降,這是穩(wěn)定的標(biāo)志(4)二次襯砌施作時(shí)間的控制:在初次支護(hù)變形基本穩(wěn)定后施作的。
第五篇:研究工作報(bào)告格式
研究工作報(bào)告格式
卷首內(nèi)容:
1.工作報(bào)告標(biāo)題
2.報(bào)告執(zhí)筆人(順序):
3.正文
主體部分結(jié)構(gòu):
(一)課題的醞釀與申報(bào)(時(shí)間)
(二)批準(zhǔn)立項(xiàng)時(shí)間、級(jí)別
(三)課題組人員組成,組長(zhǎng)、成員
(四)開題工作(時(shí)間、出席領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、聘請(qǐng)專家、參會(huì)人)
(五)研究過程(工作進(jìn)程、重要節(jié)點(diǎn)、研究活動(dòng)、措施保障、階段小結(jié)、總結(jié))
(六)成果效果(不與研究報(bào)告內(nèi)容重復(fù),未在研究報(bào)告中提及的成果)
四、教育研究報(bào)告撰寫的基本步驟
1.確定主題
2.制訂方案
3.收集整理資料
4.擬定提綱
考慮論文的基本思路,素材的組織和框架結(jié)構(gòu)
5.撰寫初稿
6修改定稿
●標(biāo)題式、句子式和段落式提綱
●論文提綱的邏輯關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)
(見下圖)
五、教育研究報(bào)告撰寫的基本要求
(一)在科學(xué)性的基礎(chǔ)上要有所創(chuàng)新
●研究的本質(zhì)是創(chuàng)新,創(chuàng)新必須以科學(xué)性為基礎(chǔ);
●放眼讀書;大膽假設(shè),小心求證;聯(lián)系實(shí)際;
●用充分的論據(jù)和嚴(yán)密的論證證明研究成果;
●研究報(bào)告內(nèi)容要實(shí)事求是;
●理論觀點(diǎn)表述要準(zhǔn)確、系統(tǒng)和完整。
(二)觀點(diǎn)和材料要一致
●緊密圍繞研究的主要問題選材,分清主次
●選取典型的、具有廣泛代表性和說服力的材料
●選取真實(shí)準(zhǔn)確、符合客觀實(shí)際的材料
●選取新穎生動(dòng)、反映時(shí)代感的材料
(三)要在獨(dú)立思考的基礎(chǔ)上借鑒吸收
●不能自持高度,固步自封,無視前人與他人的研究成果;
●不能為介紹而介紹,對(duì)所引用的觀點(diǎn)及文獻(xiàn)只述不評(píng),或者任意引申發(fā)揮;
●對(duì)所引用的觀點(diǎn)和文獻(xiàn),首先要搞清作者的意愿,文獻(xiàn)內(nèi)容的價(jià)值,從中挖掘?qū)嵸|(zhì)性問題,從而加強(qiáng)論證的針對(duì)性;
●要善于從眾多的研究成果和文獻(xiàn)中選取最典型的富有說服力的材料。
(四)文字精練簡(jiǎn)潔,表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確完整,寫作符合規(guī)范
●研究報(bào)告的語言文字要準(zhǔn)確、鮮明、生動(dòng)
(1)從日常生活用語到科學(xué)術(shù)語。日常生活用語是自然的,約定俗成的,包容性有余而準(zhǔn)確性不足;形象性有余而深刻性不夠;豐富有余而結(jié)構(gòu)化程度欠佳。
一方面要反對(duì)種種遷就日常生活中不科學(xué)的說法,提高概念的準(zhǔn)確性、精確化的程度;另一方面要杜絕大話、空話、套話、正確的廢話,反對(duì)背離常識(shí)、故弄玄虛、令人費(fèi)解的艱深表達(dá)。
(2)從“單聲道”到“多媒體”。教育研究報(bào)告的措辭有:敘事,即講故事;比喻,科學(xué)術(shù)語有時(shí)是從比喻轉(zhuǎn)化而來,如“人力資本”;事實(shí)包括實(shí)驗(yàn)事實(shí)、調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)、觀察記錄、活動(dòng)產(chǎn)品等;邏輯,無論是敘事、比喻、還是描述事實(shí),都應(yīng)使他們合乎邏輯,成為富有邏輯性的語言。
這種語言至少有以下特征:一是源自一個(gè)合乎邏輯的起點(diǎn);二是采用某種或多種明確的邏輯方式;三是以“事實(shí)”為基礎(chǔ),進(jìn)行某種合乎邏輯的推演。以上四者兼?zhèn)?、相互補(bǔ)充的“多媒體”的表述比傳統(tǒng)意義上“單聲道”的科學(xué)術(shù)語要豐富、有力。
●研究報(bào)告中數(shù)字的表述、圖表的運(yùn)用、注釋和參考文獻(xiàn)等符合規(guī)范要求。
●要對(duì)論文進(jìn)行反復(fù)推敲修改,使論點(diǎn)更加突出,論述更加嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),文字更為簡(jiǎn)練。
關(guān)于撰寫學(xué)位論文的若干思考
1.關(guān)于問題闡述:研究報(bào)告最基本的要點(diǎn)是要告訴別人你想解決什么問題,告訴別人你解決有關(guān)問題的基本主張,而有不少人寫研究報(bào)告似乎不是告訴別人你主張什么,而是告訴別人你知道什么?!罢摬粔?,資料湊”。問題意識(shí)不強(qiáng)是制約研究報(bào)告水平高低的一個(gè)重要因素。
2.關(guān)于文獻(xiàn)綜述:文獻(xiàn)的分析和回顧是科學(xué)研究程序中的一個(gè)部分,對(duì)于研究者來說,既是一種基本的學(xué)術(shù)規(guī)范的要求,也是學(xué)術(shù)能力的一種體現(xiàn)。文獻(xiàn)綜述要從一般到特殊;早期研究到就近研究;聯(lián)系假設(shè)或待答問題;分主題(階段)介紹,有述有評(píng)。
3.關(guān)于研究方法:研究報(bào)告首先應(yīng)該展示研究者是“怎樣研究”,即怎樣發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、確定問題,使用何種方法,如何收集資料與
分析資料。但大部分研究者往往缺乏方法論的自覺意識(shí),認(rèn)為關(guān)于研究方法的表述只不過是例行公事。研究報(bào)告要體現(xiàn)研究者“做研究”的過程,使科學(xué)方法貫穿其全過程。
對(duì)所選擇的研究方法必須有明確的概念界定,并說明選擇的理由;方法操作過程必須詳盡描述;在研究過程中要體現(xiàn)出對(duì)自己的研究方法的深度反省。
4.關(guān)于結(jié)論:注意結(jié)果與結(jié)論的區(qū)別;結(jié)論不僅是肯定式的,也可以是否定式和假言式的;結(jié)論是作者在對(duì)全部研究?jī)?nèi)容進(jìn)行分析、綜合、抽象、概括后的全面總結(jié),是論題被充分證明后得出的結(jié)果,是針對(duì)研究問題作出的答案,是整個(gè)研究的結(jié)晶。結(jié)論的寫作要求:內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)潔、措辭嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、邏輯嚴(yán)密。