第一篇:順序版張培基翻譯用法總結(jié)
張培基翻譯用法總結(jié)
1.It is sometimes beset with ?
有時(shí)候會(huì)有?的境遇/會(huì)有?相伴
2.Nothing short of a ? can help ?
唯有?才能/全靠?才能夠
3.Rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles.一瀉千里
4.Fare likewise.正如這樣
5.Now ? , now ? 有時(shí)?,有時(shí)?
6.Better able to generate in oneself a sensation of ?
更能讓人產(chǎn)生一種?之感
7.? is now confronted with a ? section of its course.?現(xiàn)在正遭遇進(jìn)程上的一段?
8.? , however, can only be shared by ?
而?,只有?樣的人才可體會(huì)到
9.The present ? crisis can never obstacle the advance of ?
目前的?危機(jī)絕不會(huì)阻礙?的進(jìn)步
10.Let us brace up our spirits and march through ? 讓我們鼓起雄健的精神?
11.The greatest joy of ?, is to ? during its most difficult days.在最艱難的日子里?,亦是最大的樂趣
12.Grow restless 變得焦躁不安
Beg to differ 恕不同意/持反對意見
13.Dash here and there in search of ? 跑來跑去的尋找
14.He is going to ? so that he could ?
他決定?以便?
15.? is not groundless because ?
?并非空害怕/沒依據(jù),因?yàn)?
16.Keep moving around in a hurry
慌慌張張地走/跑
17.What’s the rush?
為何這般慌?/怎么這么著急?
18.Behind ? lay half a dozen of ? near ?
注意學(xué)習(xí)地理方位和位置的表述
19.look like rain, yet, to our great joy ?
[口語]像是要下雨,然而讓我們高興的是?
20.which of you could ?
你們誰能???(別用who了,太土了!)
21.they are most beloved in one aspect.有一點(diǎn)最受人愛/有一點(diǎn)最為可貴
22.Unlike ? , which ? , ? it just ? to ?
不像?的?一樣,它只是?,來?
23.You can never immediately tell whether or not it ? until ? 你不能立刻判斷它是否?,非得等到?
24.One should be useful rather than great or nice-looking.應(yīng)該成為有用的人,而不是偉大或體面的人
25.Engraved in my mind.深深地刻在腦海
26.? is a household name all over the country.??是家喻戶曉/名遍全國的。
27.? is always on the lips because ? 把?天天掛在嘴上,因?yàn)?
28.What’s the use of being ? ??又有什么用/有什么必要呢?
29.Uttered intermittently.斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地說
30.Never calculating or particular about personal gains and losses.不計(jì)較個(gè)人得失
31.Honor ? with a posthumous reverent ? 追授?一個(gè)?的謚號(hào)/稱號(hào)
32.Become more and more ? with the passing of time.隨著時(shí)間的流逝變得越來越??/越久越??
33.Never give up the pursuit of ? 不要放棄? / 不要放棄對?的追求
34.Out of sheer necessity.僅僅為了需要 / 純粹因?yàn)樾枰?/p>
35.Be free to follow your own bent.可以依自己的喜好去? / 自由自在地去追求自己的喜好
36.Be in the prime of life.正當(dāng)盛年 / 年富力強(qiáng)
37.? will soon be gone never to return.一去不復(fù)返。
38.Be in one’s declining years.風(fēng)燭殘年 / 精力衰微之時(shí)
39.As a means of subsistence.作為生計(jì) / 為了吃飯 / 作為謀生的手段
40.Remedy the situation by ?
用??來補(bǔ)救
41.Come up against the urgent problem of ?
??問題急需解決
42.How can one manage to ? while ?
人怎么能在?的同時(shí)還?呢?
43.Cut down on food and clothing and do everything possible to ? 節(jié)衣縮食想盡辦法去??
44.Time is no object.時(shí)間不是問題。
45.? will be quite enough to make ? a ?
?足夠讓一個(gè)?成為?了
46.The choice lies with you.選擇權(quán)在你們手里。
47.Henrik Ibsen says, “it is your supreme duty to cast yourself into a useful implement.”
你最大的責(zé)任是把你這塊材料鑄造成器。
48.Forsake ? , and you will ruin yourself.拋棄?,你便毀了你自己。
49.To go into scholarship, to engage in learning.做學(xué)問
50.the only things of some value under my roof, if any, are ?在我屋子里唯一貴重的東西就是?
51.Entertain ambition of making a profound study of ?
懷有對??做一番高深研究的野心
52.It seemed that ? can better satisfy ? than ?
?比?更能滿足?的需要
53.At one sitting.一口氣地?
54.It is completely subjected to the whims of the moment.全憑當(dāng)時(shí)的興趣和念頭。
55.Liken myself respectively to ? 把我自己比作??
56.Thread-bound Chinese book.線裝書
57.My obsession of ? have been very much on a decline.我對??的狂熱/著迷消除了不少。
58.To eat into one’s whole pocket.花掉某人所有的錢。
59.But not all acquaintances are friends.不是所有認(rèn)識(shí)的都是朋友。
60.Have more scruples about this and that.對身邊的一切都有更多的顧慮。
61.We each followed a different course of life.我們各自過著不同的生活。
62.Be bound to.必然,一定會(huì)。
Somehow or other.設(shè)法,莫名其妙地
63.? of bygone days will unfold again before one’s eyes.過去的?又重新浮現(xiàn)在某人眼前。
64.In bloom of one’s youth.在某人盛年的時(shí)候 / 在生命中最華美的時(shí)刻
65.Unwittingly 不知不覺地,無意識(shí)地
66.Fritter away.漸漸地消失 / 慢慢地消耗 / 一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地浪費(fèi)
67.In twos and threes.三三兩兩,零零星星
68.Negotiate shoals and reefs / deserts and gorges 跋涉(越過)礁石淺灘 / 荒漠峽谷
69.Be reduced to ? as the last resort.被逼到做??的地步,被迫干??為生
70.Foot passenger.步行的人,行人
71.It stands to reason that ?
?也是合情合理的/顯而易見的72.Can ill afford to do something.無法承受??
73.If it is beyond one’s capacity to single-handedly stem the prevailing of social evils, one should at least be self-disciplined so as not to make matters worse.74.Pedantic view of bookish person.酸腐的書生之見
75.Cool your heels。
坐冷板凳,空等
76.All that kills my idea of ? 那足以讓我打消??的念頭
77.A good man always enjoys Heaven’s protection.吉人天相
78.Misfortune never comes singly
禍不單行
79.Heaven always leaves one a way out.天無絕人之路
80.Be in reduced circumstance.每況愈下 / 光景慘淡
81.After some wavering, 猶豫一陣之后 / 猶豫不決了一陣
82.Talk somebody out of it(something), 勸說某人不做某事
83.Smart aleck 自作聰明的人/ 自作聰明的84.Chip in 插嘴,打斷,捐助,出錢
stroll about 游逛,游蕩,閑游
85.Be watchful on the way, 路上警惕些,旅途當(dāng)心
86.It is certainly no problem for a person of my age to …
對于我這樣年紀(jì) / 我這么大的人來說,??是沒問題的87.A strenuous job: 緊張的/費(fèi)力的/艱苦的差使
88.Skullcap 無沿小帽,圓帽
Mandarin jacket 馬褂
cotton-padded 填充棉絮的89.Huddle up 蜷縮,擠成一團(tuán)
Corpulent 肥胖的90.Gush from涌出,不斷流出
trickle 滴,淌,細(xì)流
ooze 滲出,淌出
91.Make an enormous exertion to ? 盡全力做??
92.Pat the dirt off one’s clothes 拍去/撣去身上的塵土
93.until his figure was lost among crowds of people hurrying to and fro and no longer visible.直到他的身影消失在來往的人群中,再也遍尋不見了。
94.live an unsettled life.過著顛簸不定的日子 / 東奔西走
95.? with circumstances going from bad to worse.一日不如一日 / 每況愈下
96.His pent-up emotion has to find a vent.情郁于中,自然要發(fā)之于外。
97.the state of ? filled somebody with a feeling of ?
??的境況讓人??
98.downcast 沮喪,頹廢,頹唐
99.domestic triviality = household chores 家庭瑣事
long gown 長袍,長衫
100.Frown upon the way ?
不贊同??的方式 / 對?的方式頗有微詞
101.Like a drop of water falling off a needle point into the ocean.如針尖上的水滴入大海里
102.Quietly drip into the haste stream of time without leaving a trace.匯入時(shí)間的洪流,杳無音跡
103.What is gone is gone.What is to come keeps coming.去的已然去了,來的盡管來著
104.Edge away softly and stealthily
悄悄溜走,偷偷開溜
105.The fixed gaze of the eyes when lost in reverie
沉思時(shí)的凝望
106.Withstand the wear and tear of time.經(jīng)得住時(shí)間的磨洗 / 難以磨滅
107.Still remain engraved on one’s mind.依然深刻地印在腦里
108.Either as a hired hand on contract or as a odd jobber.或者做包工,或者打零工
109.with toothed blade 帶鋸齒口的(hatchet, chisel, saw, drill and plane, 斧,鑿,鋸,鉆和刨子)
110.? is a real eye-opener to me.??讓我大開眼界
111.Bolt upright 筆直地,端端正正地
112.He is a real agreeable person.他非常平易近人
113.the well-meaning remarks of an affectionate father.(那只是)一個(gè)疼愛子女的父親的好意
114.Shrug off one’s words as childish nonsense.不屑于某人的話,當(dāng)成小孩子的胡說
115.Risk one’s own life in doing ? 冒著生命危險(xiǎn)做?? / 拿命換??
116.Empty of 缺乏 / 把?洗劫一空,把?拿空
117.His eyes closed for good.他永遠(yuǎn)地閉上了眼睛
118.One should be content with one’s lot.一個(gè)人就要安分守己 / 認(rèn)命
119.All that seems accidental, and also seems predestined.一切都似偶然,一切又都似注定的120.Come to realize still more fully the significance of ? 更深切地感受到??的重要
121.Repay one’s kindness.報(bào)答某人
122.Draw a line of demarcation between ? and ? 在?與?間劃清界限
123.Pitch darkness.瀝青黑,漆黑一片
124.The rain continue to fall ,the long night wears on amidst its dripping sound.雨聲繼續(xù)著,長夜在雨滴聲中緩緩前行。
125.Nothing whatever can hold it up.沒有什么可以阻止它
126.Throw clouds of spray embodying love and hate, and happiness and sorrow.投下喜怒哀樂的云翳
127.Like everybody else,和其他人一樣
128.I live in this world for the purpose of ? 我來到這個(gè)世界的目的是??
129.I don’t know what the future has in store for me.我不知道未來還有什么東西在等待著我130.Twenty odd 二十多,ten odd years 十多年(odd的用法?。?/p>
131.There is at first no roads at all and that a road is created simply by the treading of passers-by.世界上本沒有路,走的人多了,也便成了路。
132.This quotation reflects aptly the true meaning of ? 這段引用恰當(dāng)?shù)乇磉_(dá)了??的真意
133.Bring the enemy sure death without drawing their blood.不一定要流仇敵的血,但卻置之于死地
134.Bask in the sunshine under a clean sky
在晴空下曬太陽
135.? just serves to increase his stamina and strengthen his mind.?只會(huì)增強(qiáng)他的力量和意志
136.As the rain ceased to patter.雨漸漸止了。
137.The crescent new moon.新月
Grape trellis 葡萄架
138.At(long)last.最后,最終
139.Interwoven / intermingle
相互交織/相互交融
140.To think that?!
真沒想到??!
141.To think to oneself?
一個(gè)人暗自在想??
142.To point one’s finger at ? 有指責(zé)某人之意
143.Go round the bend 發(fā)瘋,發(fā)狂,變得歇斯底里
144.A star-studded sky.繁星點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的夜空
145.Make-believe 虛幻的,偽裝的 a make-believe world
虛幻的世界
146.The splendor and magnificence of the scene is beyond all description.那壯麗與新奇簡直說不盡了
147.do my bit to make a still better place of my country.盡自己一份力,把祖國建設(shè)得更美好
148.At the heels of ? 緊跟在??的后面
149.Keep Early hours.早睡早起
Kerosene lamp 煤油燈
150.With an irresistible inner urge to unbosom oneself.不吐不快的傾訴
151.Wishy-washy 空泛的,淡而無味的,水分多的152.Rambling through ? 在?漫步
specks of mud 泥點(diǎn),斑點(diǎn)
153.Come across ? 無意中發(fā)現(xiàn),偶遇
154.cast away.被丟掉,遺棄,失事
Let out + sound, 發(fā)出??聲音
155.Fickle man 薄幸的男人,浪子
frivolous woman
水性楊花的女人,輕佻女子
156.Be trodden down upon by the wayside ? 在路旁任人踐踏
157.Sprinkle 撒,播撒,少量
Strew
散播,灑滿,零星散布
158.Pluck out a white hair from mother’s head.從母親頭上拔下一根白發(fā)
159.But it is ? that has been the cause of ? 但?才一直是?的原因
160.(Chinese)Inkwash Painting 水墨畫
Seal Carving 篆刻
TCM 中草藥/中醫(yī)
161.The gentle waves licking at the shores give forth a humming sound like that of fish in shoals.舐岸的微波吐出群魚喋噏的聲韻。
162.All that forebode a ?
所有的都預(yù)示著一場??
163.Crematory = crematorium 火葬場
Scribble 亂畫,潦草地書寫
164.Every nook and corner of ? 每一個(gè)角落,到處
165.Shy away from ? 回避,躲避,退縮
166.Complicated and multifaceted.復(fù)雜而多層次的,難以解析的167.Just fancy that ? 只要想想?? / 真想不到??
168.In contrast with ? in its entirety, ? is a mere drop in the ocean.跟?整體相比,?不過是滄海一粟
169.Words fail me where silent smiles and tears well express my innermost feelings.言語是不夠的,只有獨(dú)自微笑或落淚才能把內(nèi)心的感受表現(xiàn)的更外面一些。
170.I shall fail to do justice to ? if I should do no more than ? 倘若只讓我?,那我就沒法真正地?
171.Be too much of ? 太多了,太過于??了
172.It smacks of ? 這帶點(diǎn)??的味道 / 有些許??的氣息
173.Enjoy a perfect inner calm, free from any desire or fear.內(nèi)心平靜,無欲無求(懼)
174.Retain stillness in the midst of motion.動(dòng)中有靜
175.While A have to turn to ?, ? will be more than adequate for B.A必須要??,而B只需??就夠了。
176.Embody natural in the midst of artificial.在人為中顯出自然
177.Neither too crowd nor too secluded.既不太擁擠也不太僻靜
178.A stone’s throw.幾步遠(yuǎn),一箭之地
Put forth.提出,發(fā)表,開花,發(fā)芽
179.Be naturally drawn to ? 自然而然地被??吸引
180.Morning glory.牽?;?,Trumpet Creeper 喇叭花,Marvel-of-Peru 紫茉莉/草茉莉
181.182.美
183.與自然的距離
184.185.把??付諸現(xiàn)實(shí)
186.187.188.189.190.解某事
191.192.193.194.195.196.China pink / Indian Pink 石竹,hyacinth bean 扁豆 Present a scene of poetic charm
如詩如畫 / 飽含詩意的Bring people into closer contact with nature by ? 拉近了人A carefree life.無憂無慮的日子
To adapt ? to real life.把??應(yīng)用到真實(shí)生活中來,Night-Blooming cereuses 曇花
seedling 秧苗,幼苗 Shed tears over??
因??而悲痛 Flowers and plants grow in luxuriance.花草繁茂 Weather through。度過(困難階段)Get the hang of ? 熟悉??的用法,摸清??的情況,理Keyed up,緊張的,興奮的,動(dòng)員起來的 Abandon ? to their own fate.任其自生自滅 Felt 氈,氈制品
felt blanket 羊毛毯/毛氈毯 The Loess Plateau
黃土高原 Uncultivated virgin area 未開墾的處女領(lǐng)域 Man’s triumph over Nature
人類對大自然的勝利 / 人定
勝天
197.As flat as a whetstone
光滑如磨刀石
198.Were it not for ? 要不是?,如果不是?
199.The sight of the scene will probably call up inside you a string of...此情此景莫不讓人聯(lián)想到??
200.So much so that ? 到這樣的程度以至于??/如此,以致??
201.For my part.就我而言,對我來說,我認(rèn)為
202.I cannot keep myself from ? 我實(shí)在忍不住要??/我無法不??
203.Much less ? 更不用說??,更何況于
204.Trudge through.跋涉,步履艱難地走
205.Simplicity, earnestness, dauntlessness and unyieldingness.質(zhì)樸,誠懇,英勇無畏,堅(jiān)強(qiáng)不屈
206.How could you fail to ? 你怎能不???難道你會(huì)不???
207.Be the symbolic of the spirit and will of ? 成為??精神和意志的象征
208.Bursting with vitality 生命力極強(qiáng),有堅(jiān)韌的生命力
209.Capable of surviving any hardship or oppression.折磨不了,壓迫不倒,頑強(qiáng)地活著
210.I pay tribute to ?
我贊美/歌頌??
211.be loud in someone's praise
極力稱贊/贊揚(yáng) 某人
212.Knowing no one who I could approach with my questions and my doubts, I turned to God;
213.Always have something to recommend himself.總有可取之處,總有閃光點(diǎn)
214.Make light of ? 輕視,藐視,不在意??
215.Onetime capital。故都。
Muddle along 得過且過,混日子,渾渾噩噩
216.Unlike famous flowers which are most attractive when half opening, good wine which is most tempting when one is half drunk, autumn, however, is best appreciated at its entirety.秋不是名花,也不是美酒,那一種半開、半醉的狀態(tài),在領(lǐng)略秋的過程上,是不合適的。
217.Put somebody in mind of ? 讓某人回憶起/記起??
218.Reed catkin 蘆花,willow catkin 柳絮,chirping insects 鳴蟲,reverberating bell 鐘聲
219.Be of itself,自發(fā)(流露),自然而然地
well up 涌出,表達(dá),流露
220.The clouds roll towards the west and the sun come out in the sky 云卷,天空放晴~~~
221.Creep up on.爬上,悄悄降臨,不知不覺地到來
222.Thorny jujube tree 酸棗樹
persimmon tree 柿子樹
223.History treats all humans alike.歷史是公平的224.With a slight touch of regret at the passing of time.傷懷時(shí)光的消逝
225.In spite of oneself? 不由自主地
226.Woman’s only career lies in matrimony.—— Lin Yutang.女人唯一的事業(yè)便是結(jié)婚。
227.??? That sounds like the chicken-egg question.??呢?這好比先有雞還是先有蛋的問題。
228.Thinking the matter over and over again, I cannot but come to the conclusion that …
229.Neither ? nor ? has anything to recommend itself.??不好,??也不好。
230.Petticoat influence 裙帶關(guān)系,姻親影響
231.Meanness and ruthlessness
卑鄙冷酷,殘忍無情
232.It means nothing to ?, but it is everything to ?
對某人微不足道,對另外人卻是全部/命根
233.Look askance at ? 斜眼看,瞟(常帶有懷疑,鄙夷,厭惡等情緒)
234.Hang about,聚在一起,閑逛,游蕩,待在某人身邊
235.Bounded duty 本分,天職,應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)
236.Keep body and soul together
僅僅能維持生存
237.Gulp down 狼吞虎咽地吃,忍住,強(qiáng)抑住
238.Guardian gods to Buddha 金剛。
239.Herculean strength 力大無比,神力
Hercules 力士,大力神
240.All the answers turned out to be wide of the mark
答案完全不對,離譜。
241.Likewise, one who has never gone through the baptism of romantic love will have little genuine knowledge of life.沒有受過浪漫的戀愛洗禮的人生,不算真人生。
242.Mencius says, “The desire for food and sex is nature.”
孟子曰,食色性也。
243.If one remains a lifelong stranger to love, how can he thoroughly understand life? 一個(gè)一生不戀愛的人,又如何能夠了解人生?
244.At an opportune moment.在恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)機(jī)
245.Carnal desire 肉欲
Platonic love 純愛
246.in this present world overflowing with material desires, 在這個(gè)物欲橫流的世界
247.Love has become a mere game ever since humanity set out on its way to extinction.人性開始滅亡之際,戀愛也成了游戲
248.See to it that, 努力使,保證,務(wù)必要(相當(dāng)于make sure that)
249.Windfall.被風(fēng)吹落的果子,意外收獲,意外之財(cái)
250.Frisk for? 搜查,搜身 / 蹦跳,快樂
251.Put on air.裝腔作勢
Big shot 大人物,大佬
252.Bark up the wrong tree.攻擊錯(cuò)目標(biāo),找錯(cuò)人了
253.Crotch 分叉處,(人的)胯部,褲襠
254.Be rolling in money 非常有錢的,非常闊綽
255.Spoils 戰(zhàn)利品,贓物
loot 戰(zhàn)利品,搶劫,洗劫,掠奪物
256.Be seized with 被(強(qiáng)烈的情感、愿望等)影響
257.Tears well up in my eyes and blurred my glasses淚水涌出我的雙眼,模糊了眼鏡。
258.Other than.除了,不同于,異于
foolproof 十分簡單的,十分安全的,錯(cuò)不了的259.Hedgehog 刺猬,sea urchin 海膽,snake slough 蛇蛻
260.Do your bit.做有益的事情,做出貢獻(xiàn)
261.Earmark for 制定專用,劃撥專項(xiàng)使用,特定用于
262.One who does not work hard in youth will grieve in vain in old age.少壯不努力老大徒傷悲。
263.In the matter of.就??而論,在??方面
264.The First Four Books of History: 前四史(漢書,后漢書,史記,三國志)
265.Lithographic edition 石版油印的,平版印刷的 266.Pluck up the courage 鼓起勇氣,振作精神
267.Go in for 參加,從事,參與,贊成268.Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career.健康的身體是做人做事的真正本錢
269.Ulterior motive 隱秘不明的動(dòng)機(jī),另有所圖,別有用心
270.Overstress the importance of ? 過分強(qiáng)調(diào)??的重要性
271.As dry as sawdust 如鋸木屑般枯燥 / 味同嚼蠟
272.Liberal arts and natural sciences 人文科學(xué)與自然科學(xué) / 文理科
273.On the pretext of ? 以??為借口
274.Rudiments of knowledge 基本功,基礎(chǔ),入門知識(shí)
275.Not to speak of ? 更不用說?? / 而且還??
276.All-round training 全面訓(xùn)練,通才培訓(xùn)
277.Back down = beat a retreat 放棄,撤退
278.A flight of staircase / steps
一段樓梯,一段臺(tái)階
279.In all earnest.認(rèn)真地,懇切地/再三央求地
280.Scenic spots and historical sites.名勝古跡
281.In the habit of ? 有??的習(xí)慣
silk tree:合歡樹,馬纓花樹
282.Hit upon = come across = find by chance
偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)/偶然想到/偶然碰到
283.Secret service特務(wù)機(jī)關(guān),秘密情報(bào)處
284.Get bogged down停滯,陷入困境,陷入問題
285.Conditioned reflex條件反射
next to none很少,幾乎沒有
286.To the point of ? 達(dá)到??的程度
287.Literary criticism 文學(xué)批評 / 文藝評論
288.Redology 紅學(xué),紅樓夢研究
stupefaction 麻醉,昏迷,麻木狀態(tài)
289.To my mind 據(jù)我觀點(diǎn),在我看來
290.Social strata 社會(huì)階層
skin-deep 膚淺的,輕微的,表面的291.Differ from each other in ? 有著迥異的??
292.Family background, social experience, cultural tradition, psychological condition.(注意搭配!)
293.The list could go on and on endlessly, so I wouldn’t mind stopping here.很好的套語
294.Of each and every 每一個(gè),每個(gè)
Alas
alas
alas
alas
alas唉!
295.Creative and conducive to ? 對??有創(chuàng)意且有益
296.Be saddled with the epithet of “originator of a bad practice” 背上始作俑者的惡名
297.Be very much like ? 和??一模一樣 / 如出一轍
298.Dying groans and sighs, anguish, sad and helpless垂死的呻吟和嘆息,悲痛,悲哀而又無奈
299.Be advanced in years 年老的,上了年紀(jì)的 shoulder pole 扁擔(dān)
300.A great many things will forever be cherished in my memory.301.Eke out(辛苦經(jīng)營,勉強(qiáng)維持)a bare subsistence
竭力維持溫飽的生活
302.Do farming, till lands, plant vegetables, feed pigs, raise silkworms and spin cotton into yarn.務(wù)農(nóng),耕地,種菜,喂豬,養(yǎng)蠶,紡棉。
303.Work hard from dawn to dusk 起早貪黑地工作(from predawn to midnight)
304.The knack of ? ??的訣竅
榨油 squeeze/extract oil from
305.Coarse grain粗糧
大麥barley,小麥wheat,燕麥oat,蕎麥 buckwheat,青稞 Highland barley,高粱 sorghum/kaoliang,小米/黍 millet,306.With gusto 滿懷熱情的,津津有味的 eat with gusto 吃得津津有味
307.Long-stemmed Chinese pipe 大煙,旱煙
308.Diligence and frugality,generosity and kindheartedness 勤勞和簡樸,慷慨和善良
309.Ride roughshod over 欺壓,欺凌
Scrape up 積攢,湊足
310.To keep up appearance 撐場面,撐門面
311.Gentry 人們(多貶義),貴族們,有錢人
312.War of Resistance to Japan.抗日戰(zhàn)爭,抗戰(zhàn)
313.Never bow down to any difficulty 不向(任何)困難低頭
314.Bequeathed somebody ? 饋贈(zèng)給,贈(zèng)予某人??
315.Pack with 擠進(jìn),塞進(jìn),塞滿了人
316.Hair disheveled like wind-blown withered grass, eyes blood-shot, shuffle languidly in the slippers.頭發(fā)凌亂得像吹亂的枯草,眼睛布滿血絲,頹然地趿拉著拖鞋。
317.A blind alley = a dead-end = cul-de-sac
死胡同
318.Moss-covered and hung with clusters of fresh green wisteria, which almost like screens of primitive simplicity.苔痕斑斑,掛滿蒼翠欲滴的藤蘿,簡直像古樸的屏風(fēng)。
319.Reign peace and quiet amidst of noisy bustle.鬧中取靜,別有天地
320.Where each family have their covered-up stories of joys and sorrows, and rise and decline.家家有一本哀樂賬,有一部興衰史
321.A water-like placidness will make one forget all cares and worries.平靜如水澄明,使人忘憂
322.Greedy sidelong glances and malicious squints.貪婪的睨視,惡意的斜覷。
323.Roam about leisurely 悠閑地散步
a heavenly abode for ? ?的樂土,洞天幽境
324.Exchange knowing looks at one another
相互交換眼色,使眼色
325.Questionable attitude towards life and career.生活作風(fēng)問題(不端正的作風(fēng))
326.Be taken aback
被驚到,吃了一驚
327.雞籠
coop,(雞)咯咯叫 cackle,yell blue murder 大聲驚呼,大驚小怪地叫嚷
328.A glib tongue = a well-oiled tongue 油嘴滑舌的329.Engrossed in doing ?
一心做,埋頭干。。
330.As something ingrained, it cannot be completely changed overnight.根深蒂固,不可能朝夕改正
331.The discontinuance of heartbeat.心臟停止了跳動(dòng)
332.Play up to bigwigs 奉承阿諛權(quán)貴之人/趨炎附勢
frame-up 陷害,捏造,誣陷
333.Crystal clear 完全明白,極其清楚
334.Hearing is not necessarily less credible than seeing.耳聽不一定為虛,眼見不一定為實(shí)
335.The world over = worldwide 全世界(用作后置定語)
336.Having blind faith in ? 盲目信仰,盲目相信??
337.Far from being faultless.遠(yuǎn)不是完美無缺的338.To do somebody a(gross)injustice.(巨大的/嚴(yán)重地)冤枉某人,對某人不公
339.Alms bowl 缽盂,和尚的金缽
340.On no account
絕不
Seek a living for oneself
謀份生路 / 討生活
341.Get up to mischief 玩鬧,亂動(dòng)
342.Inadvertent 非故意的,不注意的,疏忽的343.An illustrated edition 插圖版
344.Get wind of ? 耳聞,聽到??的風(fēng)聲
345.Pay tribute to ? 歌頌,稱贊??
ask(play)riddles
猜謎語
346.the story “Flooding Jinshan Monastery”.A man named Xu Xian rescued two snakes, one white and one green.The white snake changed into a woman to repay Xu’s kindness and married him, while the green snake changed into her maid and accompanied her.A Buddhist monk by the name of Fa Hai saw from Xu’s face that he had been bewitched by an evil spirit, so he hid Xu behind the shrine in Jinshan Monastery, and when Lady White Snake came to look for her husband the whole place was flooded.In the end Fa Hai trapped Lady White Snake, and put her in a small alms-bowl.He buried this bowl in the ground, and built a pagoda over it to prevent her getting out.This was Leifeng Pagoda by West Lake.347.The wretchedness of life and the hopeless situation caused him to take to smoking, drinking and gambling.悲慘的生活和絕望的處境使他漸漸開始染上抽煙、酗酒和賭錢。
348.With poverty came sickness.病隨窮來。
349.Utter falteringly 支支吾吾地說
350.Be all for the best 結(jié)果會(huì)是好的,(表面上看起來不好但)出于好意,到頭來會(huì)是好事
351.Wretch 可憐的人,不幸的人,卑鄙的人
352.More dead than alive 筋疲力盡,累得要死
a heap of 一大堆,許多
353.Umbilical cord 臍帶,placenta 胎盤,354.At the painful recollection 在痛苦的回憶當(dāng)兒??
355.Hoe 鋤頭,shovel 鐵鏟,spade 鐵鍬,plough 犁,356.At the crack of dawn,黎明時(shí)分,天剛破曉
357.Nuptial(婚禮的,結(jié)婚的)chamber = bridal chamber 洞房
358.Indisposition 微恙,不舒服,小病
359.Time and again 屢次,常常
360.In view of the public and the personal concerns 于公于私,361.Earn sb a niche at the temple of fame 名留青史
362.Overthrow the monarch and establish the republic 推翻帝制,建立共和
363.Unshirkable responsibility,無法逃避的責(zé)任,義不容辭之責(zé)
364.The Three People’s Principles
三民主義
365.The present international situation is capricious.國際局勢變幻無常。
366.Time will not stay and brief is the day, a long night invites bad dreams.來日苦短,夜長夢多,時(shí)不我待。
367.“For all the disasters the brotherhood has remained;a smile at meeting and enmity is banished.”
渡盡劫波兄弟在,相逢一笑泯恩仇。
368.It fills me with much concern to learn of ?近聞??,頗感關(guān)切/甚為掛念
369.A great achievement to go down in history 千秋偉業(yè)
Be beset with difficulties: 被 所困擾,包圍 Nothing short of : only Surmount: 克服 A mighty long river Fare likewise: 過活,遭遇,進(jìn)展相同 Now..now..:有時(shí)
Be confronted with: 遭遇 面臨
Brace up our spirits: 打起精神,下定決心 Grow restless:不安
Help sb out:幫助解決困難
Exhilarate:使活躍,高興,興奮 Take after: 向 學(xué)習(xí)
Be engraved in one’s mind: 銘刻心中 A household name Be on the lips of sb Weak in memory and sloppy in thinking: 草率,粗心,邋遢 With a grin: On urgent business:有急事
What with?and(what with)?一方面由于,另一方面由于,半因 Breathe one’s last: pass away Pet phrase: 口頭禪 Lazybone: Personal gains and losses: 個(gè)人得失
Innumerable: 無數(shù) 大量 in large quantities, bountiful Spread far and wide: 廣傳
Out of sheer necessity: 出于
需要,不得已
Follow one’s own bent(inclination):平愛好興趣辦事 Be in the prime of life:盛年 年富力強(qiáng) A special field of study:一種專門學(xué)問
Youth should be gone never to return: 一去不復(fù)返 Do sb a good turn: 于。有益 不辜負(fù) Make a living /earn one’s bread Set one’s mind on 致力于 Time is no object.時(shí)間不是問題 Through the ages 古往今來 Eat into
From cover to cover By dint of At one sitting Obsession with Subject to Slip into the old rut Needless to say Social intercourse 社交 Have little in common with Give little thought to As it were 似乎 可以說是
Have good reason to 有理由干什么 Worthy of remembrance 值得回憶 Bygone days In the habit of習(xí)慣做。。Unwittingly 不知不覺的
Reparable loss 可修復(fù)的損失
Ward off starvation 避開(壞事 危險(xiǎn))As a last resort
On reflection 想一想 Bedding 鋪蓋 Be reduced to
Beneath oneself to do Invariably 總是 一直 It stands to reason that。。是合乎情理的 Care to 喜歡 愿意 Fish for help尋找?guī)椭?Generate in me a feeling Personal connections Beyond one’s capacity to do
Solicit help 尋求幫助 resort to
turn to sb for help Disdain to do Go here and there =go about So and so =such and such Kill my idea of 打消念頭 Let alone= Divorce from :分離
Urge to do:有
強(qiáng)烈欲望
For good(and all): 永久 一勞永逸 Violate taboo: For one’s part: 至于某人來說,對 而言 Dissuade sb from doing: 說服不要做 Refrain from doing: 忍住,抑制住做。。Set one’s mind at rest:使某人安心
It is more than 2 years since I last saw my father Misfortunes never come singly Heaven always leaves one a way out.Between ?and ?: 由于什么的共同作用 Urge sb to do After some wavering:經(jīng)過一些猶豫 動(dòng)搖
Talk sb out of sth: 打消某人想法,勸阻不要做 Smart aleck: 自作聰明,自以為是的人smarty
第二篇:張培基生平簡介
翻譯家 :張培基
一 :生平簡介
張培基先生系福建福州人,出生于1921年。早年移居上海,在那里接受了初等和中等教育。張先生1945年畢業(yè)于上海圣約翰大學(xué)英國文學(xué)系,同年任《上海自由西報(bào)》英文記者、英文《中國評論周報(bào)》特約撰稿者兼《中國年鑒》(英文)副總編。1946年赴日本東京遠(yuǎn)東國際軍事法庭任英語翻譯,隨后留學(xué)美國,就讀于美國印第安納大學(xué)英國文學(xué)系研究院。1949年新中國剛剛成立幾天,他便毅然飛回了祖國的懷抱。那一年張培基先生年僅28歲。之后,他在華北大學(xué)、革命大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)并參加了解放區(qū)土地改革運(yùn)動(dòng)。張先生1951年到北京外文出版社從事編譯工作,歷四載。1955年起他便在中國人民解放軍外國語學(xué)校(今洛陽解放軍外國語學(xué)院)執(zhí)教,一干就是25年。隨著該校校址遷移,張家口、北京、洛陽等城市都留下了他的足跡。1980年張先生轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)到地方,開始在北京對外貿(mào)易學(xué)院(今對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué))任教,1991年退休。他曾任研究生導(dǎo)師,北京市高級(jí)職稱評委,中國翻譯工作者協(xié)會(huì)理事,外文出版社英文翻譯顧問,獲國務(wù)院頒發(fā)的突出貢獻(xiàn)者特殊津貼。他的名字已經(jīng)被列入《中國翻譯家詞典》,在當(dāng)今中國翻譯界有著重要的地位。幾年來,他一直在為《中國翻譯》雜志的“翻譯自學(xué)之友·漢譯英練習(xí)”專欄撰稿,這些譯文自然流暢并且極具文采,充分體現(xiàn)了譯者的翻譯理念,實(shí)乃翻譯作品的經(jīng)典,令許多讀者和翻譯愛好者受益匪淺。這些譯文后來被收進(jìn)《英譯中國現(xiàn)代散文選》集結(jié)出版,不但為中國學(xué)者進(jìn)一步研究翻譯理論與技巧提供了豐富的實(shí)例文章,而且為外國學(xué)者研究中國五四以來知識(shí)分子的思想發(fā)展提供了大量的素材。目前他還擔(dān)任《英語世界》雜志的顧問,同時(shí)他也是北京一所民辦學(xué)校的顧問,作為一名老教育家,他為該校的師資培養(yǎng)做出了很大貢獻(xiàn)。二 : 主要翻譯作品
1955 年 柔石《為奴隸的母親》(載英文版《中國文學(xué)》雜志)
1960年 曹禹《明朗的天》(外文出版社)
1962年 楊植霖《王若飛在獄中》(外文出版社)
1984年 王士菁《魯迅傳》(外文出版社)
1999年 《英譯中國現(xiàn)代散文選》(上海外語教育出版社)
1987年 廖靜文《徐悲鴻一生》(外文出版社)1964年 《習(xí)語漢譯英研究》(商務(wù)印書館)
1964年 《英語聲色詞與翻譯》(商務(wù)印書館)
1980年 《英漢翻譯教程》(主編,上海外語教育出版社)
1984年 The Chinese-English Interpreter's Handbook
(《漢英口譯手冊》與加拿大馬拉斯匹那學(xué)院方面合編)
2003年 《英譯中國現(xiàn)代散文選》(上海外語教育出版社)
2007年《英譯中國現(xiàn)代散文選》
(三)(Selected Modern Chinese Essays 3)(上海外語教育出版社)
三 :翻譯風(fēng)格 張培基先生在翻譯時(shí)力求做到語言新鮮自然、選詞準(zhǔn)確精致,注重把握語篇神韻,使原文信息與風(fēng)格得到完美再現(xiàn)。句子短小、精悍,結(jié)構(gòu)簡單;用詞簡單、明了;修辭處理合理,力求通俗易懂;語言邏輯關(guān)系清晰;對文化因素處理得體,讀者對譯文無理解障礙.四 :譯作賞析
例1: 原文: 我們幾姊弟和幾個(gè)小丫頭都很喜歡--買種的買種,動(dòng)土的動(dòng)土,灌園的灌園;過不了幾個(gè)月,居然收獲了?。ㄔS地山《落花生》)
譯文: That exhilarated us children and our servant girls as well, and we soon started buying seeds, ploughing the land and watering the plants.We gathered in a good harvest just after a couple of months!
“買種的買種,動(dòng)土的動(dòng)土,灌園的灌園”是一個(gè)排比結(jié)構(gòu),表現(xiàn)出“我們”說干就干,急迫又忙碌的情景。如果譯文也譯為排比結(jié)構(gòu)“Some bought seeds, others ploughed the land and still others watered the plants.”則顯得節(jié)奏緩慢,語言也拖泥帶水。這里張譯采用了start + ing 形式,一方面使得語言簡練,另一方面在視覺上增添了動(dòng)感,仿佛把讀者帶到了孩子們風(fēng)風(fēng)火火的勞動(dòng)現(xiàn)場。另外,此句中“居然”一詞看似漏譯,但這種“驚喜”的感覺已被“good”和“just after”兩個(gè)詞以及句末感嘆號(hào)傳達(dá)得非常到位。
例2: 原文: 實(shí)在是最可憐的同胞,他們種地沒的吃,有力氣沒的賣,當(dāng)了兵經(jīng)常餓肚皮,無奈何只好出此下策。(葉圣陶《我坐了木船》)
譯文:Those pitiful fellow countrymen who, unable to ward off starvation by farming or soldiering or whatnot, have been reduced to the disreputable business as a last resort.張先生把這個(gè)由三個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)分句組成的并列句處理為一個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組加上方式狀語:unable to ward off starvation by farming or soldiering or whatnot,表面看沒能與原文對號(hào)入座,但其實(shí)張先生早就抓住了這句話的精神,用更凝練的語言,更接近于英語使用者的思維方式道出了這句話的內(nèi)涵。Farming和soldiering對應(yīng)“種地”與“當(dāng)了兵”。那么“有力氣沒的賣”對應(yīng)什么呢?這句話的內(nèi)涵是“他們”也許根本就沒地種,也沒工作做,也找不到什么其它可以通過出賣自己的勞動(dòng)力而糊口的活路,因此“有力氣沒處賣”。接下來張先生用whatnot這個(gè)詞模糊處理了尚未表達(dá)出的信息。不過為了尊重語言習(xí)慣,這個(gè)詞最好放在最后。
例3: 原文: 薔薇的花色還是鮮艷的,一朵紫紅,一朵嫩紅,一朵是病黃的象牙色中帶點(diǎn)血暈。(郭沫若《路畔的薔薇》)
譯文: They(roses)were still fresh in color.One was purplish red, another pink, still another a sickly ivory-yellow slightly tinged with blood red.原文中“一朵……一朵……一朵”是一個(gè)排比結(jié)構(gòu),并列關(guān)系,而張培基先生卻把它處理為one … another … still another 這種遞進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu),使譯文更接近“英式思維”,更地道。此外,張先生對幾個(gè)顏色詞的處理也恰倒好處。“Sickly ivory-yellow slightly tinged with blood red” 中兩個(gè)顏色詞組搭配得珠聯(lián)璧合,這樣,一朵雖然纖弱但對生命仍然執(zhí)著的薔薇花便躍然紙上。其實(shí)張培基先生早在1964年就出版了專著《英語聲色詞與翻譯》,對聲色詞的翻譯做了深刻探究。他認(rèn)為要做好這方面的翻譯,譯者必須掌握大量的英語聲色詞及其組詞結(jié)構(gòu)和適用的場合。這樣的聲色詞為張先生的譯作的確增色不少。除了以上提及的描寫薔薇花的顏色,還有很多讓人叫好的色彩。如:sapphire mountains and emerald rivers(青山綠水),bitter cold North with its drab and dried up vegetation(嚴(yán)冷枯黃的北方),the sky pallid(天的顏色顯得淡),azure skies(碧綠的天色),a light yellowish-green(淡綠微黃(的棗子)), The banks with their yellowish soil and green grass receded into two greenish strips(兩岸是黃土和青草,再過去是兩條的青痕)等等,這里不一一枚舉。
例 4:張培基教授的英譯文《快樂的死亡》充分體現(xiàn)了張培基先生對中西兩種文化、兩種語言的透徹的理解和嫻熟的駕馭。張培基教授在力求選詞得當(dāng),語句自然流暢的同時(shí)又不拘泥于計(jì)較詞句上的得失。他把語篇神韻擺在第一位,追求既能完美地表達(dá)原文信息、原文功能、又能譯出原文的風(fēng)格與韻味。
作家有三種死法。
譯文:A writer can die three kinds of death.
diethe death:end suddenly and completelv,是一種戲謔的說法;恐怕大多數(shù)人會(huì)很順手的翻成“a writer can die in three ways”,而此種譯法勢必不能表達(dá)原文作者并不犀利的語言之中所表達(dá)的凝重話題。
自然的死屬于心臟停止跳動(dòng),是一種普通的死亡形式……
譯文:Natural death,caused by the discontinuation of heartbeat,is acommon form of death...原文的“屬于”很容易很讓想到“belong to”短語,可是張培基教授卻用了一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)將原文更地道更通順地表達(dá)了出來。
作家沒有了作品,可以看作是個(gè)人藝術(shù)生命的死亡、職業(yè)的停頓。
譯文:When a writer no longer produces any works,it is tantamount tothe death of his artistic life or the end of his career.
形容詞tantamount不僅顯示了張培基教授英語詞匯量之大,更顯示了其駕馭語言的能力。動(dòng)詞produce及名次end的譯法,若沒有正確理解原文,吃透原文字里行間的意思,一般人怕是翻譯不出來的吧。
第三篇:張培基生平簡介
翻譯家 :張培基
一 :生平簡介
張培基先生系福建福州人,出生于1921年。早年移居上海,在那里接受了初等和中等教育。張先生1945年畢業(yè)于上海圣約翰大學(xué)英國文學(xué)系,同年任《上海自由西報(bào)》英文記者、英文《中國評論周報(bào)》特約撰稿者兼《中國年鑒》(英文)副總編。1946年赴日本東京遠(yuǎn)東國際軍事法庭任英語翻譯,隨后留學(xué)美國,就讀于美國印第安納大學(xué)英國文學(xué)系研究院。1949年新中國剛剛成立幾天,他便毅然飛回了祖國的懷抱。那一年張培基先生年僅28歲。之后,他在華北大學(xué)、革命大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)并參加了解放區(qū)土地改革運(yùn)動(dòng)。張先生1951年到北京外文出版社從事編譯工作,歷四載。1955年起他便在中國人民解放軍外國語學(xué)校(今洛陽解放軍外國語學(xué)院)執(zhí)教,一干就是25年。隨著該校校址遷移,張家口、北京、洛陽等城市都留下了他的足跡。1980年張先生轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)到地方,開始在北京對外貿(mào)易學(xué)院(今對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué))任教,1991年退休。他曾任研究生導(dǎo)師,北京市高級(jí)職稱評委,中國翻譯工作者協(xié)會(huì)理事,外文出版社英文翻譯顧問,獲國務(wù)院頒發(fā)的突出貢獻(xiàn)者特殊津貼。他的名字已經(jīng)被列入《中國翻譯家詞典》,在當(dāng)今中國翻譯界有著重要的地位。幾年來,他一直在為《中國翻譯》雜志的“翻譯自學(xué)之友·漢譯英練習(xí)”專欄撰稿,這些譯文自然流暢并且極具文采,充分體現(xiàn)了譯者的翻譯理念,實(shí)乃翻譯作品的經(jīng)典,令許多讀者和翻譯愛好者受益匪淺。這些譯文后來被收進(jìn)《英譯中國現(xiàn)代散文選》集結(jié)出版,不但為中國學(xué)者進(jìn)一步研究翻譯理論與技巧提供了豐富的實(shí)例文章,而且為外國學(xué)者研究中國五四以來知識(shí)分子的思想發(fā)展提供了大量的素材。目前他還擔(dān)任《英語世界》雜志的顧問,同時(shí)他也是北京一所民辦學(xué)校的顧問,作為一名老教育家,他為該校的師資培養(yǎng)做出了很大貢獻(xiàn)。
二: 主要翻譯作品
1955 年 柔石《為奴隸的母親》(載英文版《中國文學(xué)》雜志)
1960年 曹禹《明朗的天》(外文出版社)
1962年 楊植霖《王若飛在獄中》(外文出版社)
1984年 王士菁《魯迅傳》(外文出版社)
1999年 《英譯中國現(xiàn)代散文選》(上海外語教育出版社)
1987年 廖靜文《徐悲鴻一生》(外文出版社)
1964年 《習(xí)語漢譯英研究》(商務(wù)印書館)
1964年 《英語聲色詞與翻譯》(商務(wù)印書館)
1980年 《英漢翻譯教程》(主編,上海外語教育出版社)
1984年 The Chinese-English Interpreter's Handbook
(《漢英口譯手冊》與加拿大馬拉斯匹那學(xué)院方面合編)
2003年 《英譯中國現(xiàn)代散文選》(上海外語教育出版社)
2007年《英譯中國現(xiàn)代散文選》
(三)(Selected Modern Chinese Essays 3)(上海外語教育出版社)
三 :翻譯風(fēng)格
張培基先生在翻譯時(shí)力求做到語言新鮮自然、選詞準(zhǔn)確精致,注重把握語篇神韻,使原文信息與風(fēng)格得到完美再現(xiàn)。句子短小、精悍,結(jié)構(gòu)簡單;用詞簡單、明了;修辭處理合理,力求通俗易懂;語言邏輯關(guān)系清晰;對文化因素處理得體,讀者對譯文無理解障礙.四:譯作賞析
例1: 原文: 我們幾姊弟和幾個(gè)小丫頭都很喜歡--買種的買種,動(dòng)土的動(dòng)土,灌園的灌園;過不了幾個(gè)月,居然收獲了?。ㄔS地山《落花生》)
譯
文: That exhilarated us children and our servant girls as well, and we soon started buying seeds, ploughing the land and watering the plants.We gathered in a good harvest just after a couple of months!
“買種的買種,動(dòng)土的動(dòng)土,灌園的灌園”是一個(gè)排比結(jié)構(gòu),表現(xiàn)出“我們”說干就干,急迫又忙碌的情景。如果譯文也譯為排比結(jié)構(gòu)
“Some bought seeds, others ploughed the land and still others watered the plants.”則顯得節(jié)奏緩慢,語言也拖泥帶水。這里張譯采用了start + ing 形式,一方面使得語言簡練,另一方面在視覺上增添了動(dòng)感,仿佛把讀者帶到了孩子們風(fēng)風(fēng)火火的勞動(dòng)現(xiàn)場。另外,此句中“居然”一詞看似漏譯,但這種“驚喜”的感覺已被“good”和“just after”兩個(gè)詞以及句末感嘆號(hào)傳達(dá)得非常到位。
例2: 原文: 實(shí)在是最可憐的同胞,他們種地沒的吃,有力氣沒的賣,當(dāng)了兵經(jīng)常餓肚皮,無奈何只好出此下策。(葉圣陶《我坐了木船》)
譯文:
Those pitiful fellow countrymen who, unable to ward off starvation by farming or soldiering or whatnot, have been reduced to the disreputable business as a last resort.張先生把這個(gè)由三個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)分句組成的并列句處理為一個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組加上方式狀語:unable to ward off starvation by farming or soldiering or whatnot,表面看沒能與原文對號(hào)入座,但其實(shí)張先生早就抓住了這句話的精神,用更凝練的語言,更接近于英語使用者的思維方式道出了這句話的內(nèi)涵。Farming和soldiering對應(yīng)“種地”與“當(dāng)了兵”。那么“有力氣沒的賣”對應(yīng)什么呢?這句話的內(nèi)涵是“他們”也許根本就沒地種,也沒工作做,也找不到什么其它可以通過出賣自己的勞動(dòng)力而糊口的活路,因此“有力氣沒處賣”。接下來張先生用whatnot這個(gè)詞模糊處理了尚未表達(dá)出的信息。不過為了尊重語言習(xí)慣,這個(gè)詞最好放在最后。
例3: 原文: 薔薇的花色還是鮮艷的,一朵紫紅,一朵嫩紅,一朵是病黃的象牙色中帶點(diǎn)血暈。(郭沫若《路畔的薔薇》)
譯
文: They(roses)were still fresh in color.One was purplish red, another pink, still another a sickly ivory-yellow slightly tinged with blood red.原文中“一朵……一朵……一朵”是一個(gè)排比結(jié)構(gòu),并列關(guān)系,而張培基先生卻把它處理為one … another … still another 這種遞進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu),使譯文更接近“英式思維”,更地道。此外,張先生對幾個(gè)顏色詞的處理也恰倒好處。
“Sickly ivory-yellow slightly tinged with blood red” 中兩個(gè)顏色詞組搭配得珠聯(lián)璧合,這樣,一朵雖然纖弱但對生命仍然執(zhí)著的薔薇花便躍然紙上。其實(shí)張培基先生早在1964年就出版了專著《英語聲色詞與翻譯》,對聲色詞的翻譯做了深刻探究。他認(rèn)為要做好這方面的翻譯,譯者必須掌握大量的英語聲色詞及其組詞結(jié)構(gòu)和適用的場合。這樣的聲色詞為張先生的譯作的確增色不少。除了以上提及的描寫薔薇花的顏色,還有很多讓人叫好的色彩。如:sapphire mountains and emerald rivers(青山綠水),bitter cold North with its drab and dried up vegetation(嚴(yán)冷枯黃的北方),the sky pallid(天的顏色顯得淡),azure skies(碧綠的天色),a light yellowish-green(淡綠微黃(的棗
子)), The banks with their yellowish soil and green grass receded into two greenish strips(兩岸是黃土和青草,再過去是兩條的青痕)等等,這里不一一枚舉。
例 4:張培基教授的英譯文《快樂的死亡》充分體現(xiàn)了張培基先生對中西兩種文化、兩種語言的透徹的理解和嫻熟的駕馭。張培基教授在力求選詞得當(dāng),語句自然流暢的同時(shí)又不拘泥于計(jì)較詞句上的得失。他把語篇神韻擺在第一位,追求既能完美地表達(dá)原文信息、原文功能、又能譯出原文的風(fēng)格與韻味。
作家有三種死法。譯文:A writer can die three kinds of death.diethe death:end suddenly and completelv,是一種戲謔的說法;恐怕大多數(shù)人會(huì)很順手的翻成“a writer can die in three ways”,而此種譯法勢必不能表達(dá)原文作者并不犀利的語言之中所表達(dá)的凝重話題。
自然的死屬于心臟停止跳動(dòng),是一種普通的死亡形式……譯文:Natural death,caused by the discontinuation of heartbeat,is acommon form of death...原文的“屬于”很容易很讓想到“belong to”短語,可是張培基教授卻用了一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)將原文更地道更通順地表達(dá)了出來。
作家沒有了作品,可以看作是個(gè)人藝術(shù)生命的死亡、職業(yè)的停頓。譯文:When a writer no longer produces any works,it is tantamount tothe death of his artistic life or the end of his career.形容詞tantamount不僅顯示了張培基教授英語詞匯量之大,更顯示了其駕馭語言的能力。動(dòng)詞produce及名次end的譯法,若沒有正確理解原文,吃透原文字里行間的意思,一般人怕是翻譯不出來的吧。
第四篇:張培基先生散文翻譯中保存“質(zhì)樸”風(fēng)格的技巧
張培基先生散文翻譯中保存“質(zhì)樸”風(fēng)格的技巧
——讀《英譯中國現(xiàn)代散文選》有感
摘 要:在《英譯中國現(xiàn)代散文選》中,翻譯家張培基先生保存散文風(fēng)格方面的技巧值得學(xué)習(xí):句子短小、精悍,結(jié)構(gòu)簡單;用詞簡單、明了;修辭處理合理,力求通俗易懂;語言邏輯關(guān)系清晰;對文化因素處理得體,讀者對譯文無理解障礙。以上技巧的合理運(yùn)用,翻譯工作者可以此為鑒。
國內(nèi)已有不少文章對張先生的這本譯著大加贊賞,如李明的《張培基先生的英譯文〈落花生〉賞析》認(rèn)為,“張培基先生的英譯文《落花生》在再現(xiàn)原文信息、體現(xiàn)原文功能方面為我們英譯漢語散文樹立了典范”[1 ];朱曼華的《中國散文翻譯的新收獲》中說:“拜讀之后筆者覺得張先生在處理‘增益’與‘刪略’關(guān)系‘表層語義’與‘潛層語義’關(guān)系,以及聲色詞語對應(yīng)與非對應(yīng)性關(guān)系等諸多方面出手不凡,均有獨(dú)到之處?!?/p>
眾所周知,不同的語體有自身不同的特點(diǎn),詩歌有詩歌的意境,散文有散文的韻味,論說文有論說文的氣勢。在翻譯過程中,除了保持各種文體語義上的忠實(shí)外,語體上也應(yīng)忠實(shí)原文。語體對等問題,屬于翻譯風(fēng)格論的范疇。
散文是“真實(shí)”的、“誠篤”的、“不加雕飾”的、“不做作”的,因而是一種令人感到親切的文體[3 ](P1)。張先生在散文的翻譯中對“質(zhì)樸”風(fēng)格處理得非常到位。細(xì)讀《英譯中國現(xiàn)代散文》,人們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)張先生在保存散文“質(zhì)樸”風(fēng)格方面是煞費(fèi)苦心的。歸納起來,張先生的翻譯在如下幾個(gè)方面做了“文章”:
一、句子短小精悍,結(jié)構(gòu)簡單
從理論上說,英語語言與漢語語言相比,英語句子“常常是環(huán)扣相嵌,盤根錯(cuò)節(jié),句中有句”,也就是所謂的“樓房建筑法”(architecture style)。而漢語以散句、松句、緊縮句、省略句、流水句等短句居多[4 ](P48the26)
譯文句子多為簡單句和并列句,譯文干凈、利落,通俗易懂,給人一種清爽自然之美,而沒有盤根錯(cuò)節(jié)之迷惑。
二、用詞簡單、通俗
張培基先生在翻譯散文時(shí), 很少使用生僻詞(bigwords),主要使用普通的形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞等,以達(dá)到言簡意賅。例如:
1.他的腦子也不小,但他的記性卻不很精明,他的思想也不很細(xì)密?!恫畈欢嘞壬鷤鳌稨is brain is none too small ,but he is weak in memory andsloppy in thinking.2.??但草木凋得慢,空氣來得潤,天的顏色顯得淡,并且又時(shí)常多雨而少風(fēng);———《故都的秋》but over there plants wither slowly ,the air is moist ,the skypallid ,and it is more often rainy than windy , ??
3.他用兩手攀著上面,兩腳再向上縮;他肥胖的身子向左微傾。??過鐵道時(shí),他先將橘子散放在地上,自己慢慢爬下,再抱起橘子走?!侗秤啊稨is hands held onto the upper part of the platform ,his legshuddled up and his corpulent body tipped slightly towards theleft , ??In crossing the railway track ,he first put the tangerineson the ground ,climbed down slowly and then picked them up again.4.燕子去了,有再來的時(shí)候;楊柳枯了,有再青的時(shí)候;桃花謝了,有再開的時(shí)候。但是,聰明的,你告訴我,我們的日子為什么一去不復(fù)返呢? ———《匆匆》If swallows go away ,they will come back again.If willowswither ,they will turn green again.If peach blossoms fade ,theywill flower again.But ,tell me ,you the wise ,why should our daysgo by never to return ?
從以上的摘錄我們可以看出,張先生翻譯的風(fēng)格用詞方面樸實(shí)無華,對保存原文風(fēng)格起到至關(guān)重要的作用。
三、修辭上力求通俗易懂
一般說來,散文中修辭格用得相當(dāng)少。但張培基先生在翻譯中對于這一小部分語言要素也不忽略,認(rèn)真處理,使譯文沒有生硬的感覺。例如:
1.??在交際上不許你不計(jì)較,不許你不打算,結(jié)果彼此都“鉤心斗角”,像七巧板似的只選定了某一方面和對方去結(jié)合。———《中年人的寂寞》(明喻)
??and cannot choose but become more calculating in social dealings till they start scheming against each other.They always keep a wary eye ,as it were ,on each other in their association.此句修辭格采用意譯法處理。如果直譯為like a jigsawpuzzle ,勢必會(huì)引起誤解。
2.我每走到一個(gè)新地方,我就像回到我那個(gè)在上海被日本兵毀掉的舊居一樣。———《朋友》(比喻)
Whatever new places I called at ,I always felt at home as if Iwere back in my old residence in Shanghai which had already beenraged to the ground by Japanese troops.此句用增詞法處理,原文修辭部分的意義更加明確。
3.他也說我一天不寫文章第二天就沒有飯吃。
———《朋友》(借代)
He also says that I would have nothing to live on once Ishould lay down my pen.意譯法處理該句符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣,如直譯為“have norice to eat”,一定會(huì)引起歧義,讓人費(fèi)解。
4.弓兒似的新月,掛在樹梢?!缎Α?明喻)
The crescent newmoon looked as if hanging on the tips ofthe trees.譯文仍然用比喻的修辭手法翻譯原文的比喻,但卻轉(zhuǎn)移了喻體, “弓兒似的”如果直譯成bow49)。漢譯英至關(guān)重要的一步就是弄清漢語各句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。張培基先生在翻譯散文時(shí),使用適當(dāng)?shù)木湫捅憩F(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系,譯文通俗易懂。例如:
1.那年冬天,祖母死了,父親的差使也交卸了,正是禍不單行的日子?? ———《背影》Misfortunes never come singly.In the winter of more than twoyears ago ,grandma died and father lost his job.原文事實(shí)在前,結(jié)論在后;譯文結(jié)論在前,事實(shí)在后。
調(diào)整結(jié)論與事實(shí)的順序,更符合西方人邏輯思維習(xí)慣。
2.世代為地主耕種,家境是貧窮的,和我們來往的朋友也都是老老實(shí)實(shí)的貧苦農(nóng)民?!赌赣H的回憶》From generation to generation ,they tilled land for landlordsonly to eke out a bare subsistence.“only to”表明一種結(jié)果關(guān)系。
3.可是她的時(shí)間大半給家務(wù)和耕種占去了,沒法照顧孩子,只好讓孩子們在地里爬著?!赌赣H的回憶》But she was too busily occupied with household chores andfarming to look after the kids so that they were left alone crawlingabout in the fields.too ?to ?表示一種邏輯上的因果關(guān)系, so that 表示結(jié)果。
4.??我們叫做“家織布”,有銅錢那樣厚,一套衣服老大穿過了,老二老三接下來穿還穿不爛。
———《母親的回憶》It was as thick as a copper coin and was so durable that
theeldest brother had grown out of the homehand ?
芒種是中國的24 節(jié)氣之一,直譯法必須加注,否則會(huì)讓人費(fèi)解,意譯法簡潔明了。
2.可是想要結(jié)婚,第一要有錢,第二要有閑,第三要有職,這潘驢??的五個(gè)條件,卻也很不容易辦到。
———《談結(jié)婚》But , to get married , you need to have five prerequisites ,namely ,money ,leisure ,employment ,good looks and potentness ,of which all are not always available.“潘驢”源自《金瓶梅》第三回,指“潘安的貌”和“驢大行貨”,在原文中指第四、第五個(gè)條件。張先生用意譯法處理,化解了文化障礙。
3.??那真是祖宗三代的楣都要倒盡,那里還有什么“官人請!娘子請!”的唱隨之樂可說呢? ———《談結(jié)婚》With such a terrible misfortune befalling your family , howcould you still have wedded bliss to speak of ?
“官人請!娘子請!”是中國文化表達(dá)閨房之樂的典型例子,如果直譯,西方人一定會(huì)茫然不知其意。用類屬詞就克服了文化差異。
4.他姓差,名不多?!恫畈欢嘞壬鷤鳌稨is surname is Cha and his given name ,Buduo ,which altogether mean“About the Same”.此句用增補(bǔ)法,補(bǔ)充了中文“差不多”的意義,目的語讀者就能理解這篇文章的中心內(nèi)容了。
文化因素經(jīng)過合理處理,以讀者能夠理解的形式進(jìn)入目的語。對保存散文“質(zhì)樸”的風(fēng)格也起了很大的作用。
正如《中國散文翻譯的新收獲》一文對張先生的這本譯著這樣評價(jià):“如果只讀《英譯中國現(xiàn)代散文選》(漢英對照)中的英文,你不會(huì)覺得這是譯文,不會(huì)覺得其英文是出自一位中國人的手。譯者不僅在句子層面上力求做到語言自然流暢、準(zhǔn)確細(xì)致、雅俗得當(dāng),而且又特別著意語篇神韻的再創(chuàng)造,力求既完美地保持原文的信息、原文的功能又譯出原文的風(fēng)格或味道來。”[ 2 ](P61)
可見,張先生在散文翻譯方面所取得的成績,大家有目共睹,可取之處很多。仔細(xì)閱讀,還可發(fā)掘出許多有益的翻譯技巧。本文只是拋磚引玉,以求更多更全面的評述。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1 ]李 明.張培基先生的英譯文《落花生》賞析[J ].中國翻譯,1997 ,(4).[2 ]朱曼華.中國散文翻譯的新收獲[J ].中國翻譯,2000 ,(3).[3 ]張培基.英譯中國現(xiàn)代散文選[M].上海:上海外語教育出版社,2000.[4 ]連淑能.英漢對比研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,
第五篇:文學(xué)英語翻譯:張培基英譯散文《哭》
文學(xué)英語翻譯:張培基英譯散文《哭》
那年,我坐夜車去朝拜圣地——到茂陵瞻仰霍去病墓前的雕刻。
Years ago ,I went by night train to Mao Ling ,a sacred place in Shaanxi Province,to pay homage to the sculptures standing before Huo Qubing's tomb.要點(diǎn):
1,題目雖然是《哭》但根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容,題目更確切的意思應(yīng)為“快要流淚”,或“幾乎流淚”,因此譯為On the Verge of Tears 2,“那年”即“有一年”或“幾年前”,譯為that year會(huì)造成讀者困擾,因?yàn)閠hat 通常指前面提到過的事物,現(xiàn)譯Years ago 綜述:
題目的翻譯看似簡單,其實(shí)是建立在對于全文的理解上。
夜車到了終點(diǎn)站,霍去病墓還老遠(yuǎn)。在那滿天星斗的西北草原上,我時(shí)而順著大車道,時(shí)而踏著羊腸小徑往前趕路,及至霍去病墓地,天色才開始曙明。附近沒有行 人,我迫不及待的撲向墓前那幾座龐然巨物的偉大雕刻作品。我十分激動(dòng),它們永遠(yuǎn)是活著的,并一直是我精神上的支柱。當(dāng)我在異國遭到歧視的時(shí)候,當(dāng)世界上其 他國家的杰出藝術(shù)品令我敬仰的時(shí)候,我自餒的時(shí)候,痛苦的時(shí)候??這幾座氣勢磅礴的永恒的石頭雕刻便總會(huì)呈現(xiàn)在我的眼前。
As it was a long way from the terminal station to Huo's tomb,I had to hurry on with my journey on foot under the starry sky of Northwest China,sometimes on along a broad road,sometimes on a narrow footpath.The day was just dawning when I arrived at Huo's tomb.Not a pedestrian in sight.I lost no time in presenting myself before the majestic carved works of great magnitude before the tomb ,I was beside myself with agitation.The immortal art treasures will be my permanent spiritual prop.Whenever I am discriminated against in a foreign country ,whenever I stand in awe before a foreign outstanding work of art ,whenever I am disheartened,whenever
I suffer agony ? these imperishable stone carvings of amazing grandeur will inevitably appear in my minds eye.要點(diǎn):
1,“夜車到了終點(diǎn)站,霍去病墓還老遠(yuǎn)?!弊g為As it was a long way from the terminal station to Huo's tomb,以as串句簡潔流暢,如果用when the night train arrived at its terminal station, Huo’s tomb still a long way off?則不如第一種譯法通順
2,“我?往前趕路”譯為I had to hurry on with my journey,to hurry on with 意為“匆忙做某事”如:He promised to hurry on with the report and send it to us today.(他答應(yīng)趕緊寫好報(bào)告,今天就給我們送來.)3,“附近沒有行人”譯為Not a pedestrian in sight,其中省略了was,不知道有多少童鞋想譯成there be??
4,“我迫不及待地?fù)湎?”譯為I lost no time in presenting myself before? 其中“迫不及待”還可譯為hurriedly ,“撲向”即“奔向”,還可譯為came up to?
5,“它們永遠(yuǎn)是活著的,并一直是我精神上的支柱”譯為The immortal art treasures will be my permanent spiritual prop,其中art treasure 是譯者后加的,屬于增添詞,為的是滿足造句的需要
綜述:
本段在簡化句子結(jié)構(gòu)和增加流暢性上有很多出彩的表達(dá),比如Not a pedestrian in sight?和借用增譯詞來引導(dǎo)句子,值得我們借鑒。
我久久徘徊于霍墓雕刻間,遠(yuǎn)看,渾然一體;近看,耐人尋味,在粗獷的斧鑿中行走著蜿蜒的線。斯是頑石,卻生意盎然,全世界的藝術(shù)家到此不能不肅然起敬!“我們的祖先比你強(qiáng)的多!”我也許是繼承了阿Q精神勝利的一面吧,但有了這樣矗立在世界藝術(shù)史上的祖先爺爺,確實(shí)得天獨(dú)厚。這總是值得欣慰的!
I loitered for quite a long while among the sculptures, which were an integrated mass when viewed from afar and very intriguing when scrutinized lose by.Traceable among the rough marks of hatchet and chisel were delicate lines zigzagging.Insensate
as they were, the carved stones were brimming with life and vigor, Artists from all over the world cannot help feeling awed when they visit this place.“Our forefathers did much better than you!” I declared ,maybe affected by Ah Q's philosphy of “spiritual victory”.We are indeed very lucky to have our forefathers standing tall and upright in the world history of art.This is certainly a matter for rejoicing.要點(diǎn):
1,“在粗獷的斧鑿中行走著蜿蜒的線”即“蜿蜒的線條行走于粗獷的斧鑿痕跡中” 譯為Traceable among the rough marks of hatchet and chisel were delicate lines zigzagging.譯者采用倒裝句,更加突出“線條”的主語地位
2,“都不能不”譯為“都禁不住要?”譯為can not help doing 3,“我也許是繼承了阿Q精神勝利的一面吧”即“我也許是受了阿Q‘精神勝利法’的影響”譯為maybe affected by Ah Q's philosphy of “spiritual victory”.philosophy作“人生哲學(xué)”“觀點(diǎn)”解,外國讀者可能不理解什么是“阿Q精神”此處要稍微解釋一下
綜述:
四字詞值得積累。
1989年我重返巴黎,感慨萬千。返回后,我懷著一種極其復(fù)雜的心情又一次去老了西安,再一次瞻仰霍墓雕刻。在霍去病墓前,在秦俑坑前,在碑林博物館的漢唐石雕前,我只想嚎啕痛哭。老伴跟隨我,還有那么多觀眾,我不敢哭??奘裁??哭它太偉大了,哭老鷹的后代不會(huì)變成麻雀吧?
In 1989,While revisiting Paris ,I felt all sorts of emotion surging up within me, Back in China, when I paid another visited to Xi'an and the sculptures before Huo's tomb,I was seized with mixed feelings, I just felt like crying with abandon as I stand once more before Huo's tomb, before the Chin Dynasty terra cotta warriors and horses and before the Han Tang Upright stone tablets bearing ancient inscriptions.But I refrained from tears because I was then accompanied by my wife and surrounded by numerous spectators.Why did I feel like having a good cry?Because
my motherland is so great and because of my fears about the descendants of the eagles turning out to be sparrows.要點(diǎn):
1,“我只想嚎啕痛哭”譯為I just felt like crying with abandon,其中with abandon作“放任”“縱情”解,如:People were shouting and cheering with abandon.意即”人們興高采烈,縱情歡呼.”后面的good cry也是“痛哭一場”的意思
2,“哭老鷹的后代不會(huì)變成麻雀吧”意即“因?yàn)閾?dān)心老鷹的后代會(huì)變成麻雀而哭”譯為because of my fears about the descendants of the eagles turning out to be sparrows.其中my fears about 和I am worried that 都是根據(jù)意思的增益的詞,為了文章的順暢表達(dá)
綜述:
本段乃至全文都有許多增益的部分,它們在保證文章流暢和準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)原文意思中的作用功不可沒,值得注意。