第一篇：海天作文講義

海天作文講義.txt花前月下，不如花錢“日”下。葉子的離開，是因?yàn)轱L(fēng)的追求還是樹的不挽留？干掉熊貓，我就是國寶！別和我談理想，戒了！綜上所述，考生一定要洞悉考研英語大綱對寫作部分的高分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)涉及以下六個方面：

1． 內(nèi)容切題。審題準(zhǔn)、不跑題。文不對題會嚴(yán)重影響成績，導(dǎo)致寫作失敗。

2． 表達(dá)清楚。語言要簡潔、準(zhǔn)確，條理清楚；主題明確。

3． 意義連貫。遣詞造句得當(dāng)，表達(dá)連貫平穩(wěn)。論點(diǎn)論據(jù)展開合理（以因果，對比，分類，定義，列舉，概括，詳情，時間，空間，過程或綜合等方法展開）。

4． 句式有變化。采用適當(dāng)?shù)木涫絹肀磉_(dá)相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容。常用句式包括簡單句；并列句；復(fù)合句；主被動句；長句；短句；否定句；雙重否定句；疑問句；反問句；倒裝句；強(qiáng)調(diào)句；插入語；獨(dú)立主格成分等。

5． 用詞有變化。避免重復(fù)使用同一詞匯，可適當(dāng)使用代詞；同義詞；近義詞；關(guān)聯(lián)詞；使表達(dá)富有動感。同義詞的使用是衡量考生語言運(yùn)用能力的一個尺度。

6． 語言規(guī)范。符合英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，語法錯誤少，寫出的英語不是中式英語。

妙筆生花：

（一）與英語詞語活用相關(guān)的寫作技巧

1、轉(zhuǎn)換成動詞

漢語中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)動詞，這是漢語的特征，但是在英語中，謂語動詞出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于漢語。例如：

（1）Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭己經(jīng)用來探索宇宙。(名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞)

（2）The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint，but l had to be cautious.她能夠給我?guī)€信兒這件事就是個暗示，但是我必須小心謹(jǐn)慎。(形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞)

（3）Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.醫(yī)生們說他們不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。(形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞)

注意：英語中表示知覺、情欲、欲望等心理狀態(tài)的形容詞，在系動詞后作表語用時，往往可轉(zhuǎn)換成動詞。如：confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious等。

（4）She opened the window to let fresh air in.她把窗子打開，讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來。(副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞)

2、轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞

（1）To them, he personified the absolute power.在他們看來，他就是絕對權(quán)威的化身。(動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞)

（2）This solar cell is only 7% efficient.這只太陽能電池的效率只有7%。(形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞)

（3）They made every effort to help the sick and the wounded.他們盡了最大的努力幫助病號和傷員。(形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞)

（4）The new type of machine is shown schematically above.上圖所示是這種新型機(jī)器的簡圖。（副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞）

3、轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞

（1）Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.獨(dú)立思考對學(xué)習(xí)是絕對必需的。(名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞)

（2）The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.她蒼白的臉色清楚地表明了她那時的情緒。(名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞)

（3）The engineer had prepared meticulously for his design.工程師為這次設(shè)計做了十分周密的準(zhǔn)備。（副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞）

（4）Most teenagers feel no difficulty in learning and operating computers.絕大部分青少年在學(xué)習(xí)和操作電腦方面并不覺得困難。（名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞）

4、其它詞類互換

（1）The old professor is physically weak but mentally sound.這位年邁的教授身體雖弱，但思想健康。(副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞)

（2）The film impressed me deeply.這部電影給了我深刻的印象。(動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞，副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞。)

（3）It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President's reasons for willing to begin a Chinese-American dialogue.這篇發(fā)言清楚明白、心平氣和地說明了總統(tǒng)希望開始中美對話的原因。

（形容詞與副詞的轉(zhuǎn)換）

（4）The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.新市長有禮貌地前來訪問城市貧民，獲得了他們的一些好感。（名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞）

（二）與兼有狀語特點(diǎn)的定語從句相關(guān)的寫作技巧

有的定語從句，意義上有狀語特點(diǎn)，說明原因、結(jié)果、目的、讓步、假設(shè)等邏輯關(guān)系，考生應(yīng)該在寫作時予以注意。

1、表原因

We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in more rays of light than ours, can see things clearly at night.我們知道，由于貓的眼睛比我們?nèi)说难劬ξ崭嗟墓饩€，所以貓?jiān)诤谝挂材芸春芮宄?/p>

2、表結(jié)果

There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.這個方案富于創(chuàng)造性，獨(dú)出心裁，很有魄力，所以使他們都喜歡。

3、表讓步

He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.他堅(jiān)持要再造一棟房子，盡管他并無此需要。

4、表目的

I have not given up my efforts to get a passport that will enable me to visit that country.我沒有放棄努力來爭取一張護(hù)照，以便訪問那個國家。

5、表?xiàng)l件

Men become desperate for work, any work which will help them to keep alive their families.人們極其迫切要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能維持一家人的生活就行。

（三）高分模板的啟示

說明文（Increase and Decrease）

As is shown in the pictures(graphs/ tables/ data/ figures), we may see clearly that with the increase of?, the number of? has dramatically decreased.In one picture, there were a great deal of?in 1900.Contrary to this, in 2010 there are ?

The purpose of the pictures(graphs/ tables/ data/ figures)is to show us that great concern has to be given to? Owing to?，the number of? has reached?

Therefore, it is demanding for us to take effective actions.For one thing, we should appeal to our government to build up rigid laws to? For another, we ought to enhance(enforce/ strengthen/ enlarge)the understanding of? Only by doing so can we achieve the final success!

第二章 歷屆考研英語寫作命題與啟示

一、歷屆考研英語寫作命題總覽

考試年代 考試題目 選題范圍 1991年 WHERE TO LIVE—IN THE CITY OR THE COUNTRY？ 環(huán)境

1992年 FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN PARENTS 人際關(guān)系

AND CHILDREN

1993年 ADVERTISEMENT ON TV 傳媒

1994年 ON MAKING FRIENDS 人際關(guān)系

1995年 THE

1996年 GOOD HEALTH

1997年 SMOKING

1998年 BUSINESS PROMISE AND GUARANTEE

1999年 HUMAN POPULATION AND WILDLIFE PROTECTION

2000年 WORLD COMMERCIAL FISHING

2001年 LOVE IS LIKE A LAMP

2002年 CULTURE

2003年 YOUTH DEVELOPMENT

2004年 THE END IS ALSO A NEW START

2005年 A FOOTBALL MATCH OF TAKING CARE OF PARENTS

2006年

2007年 LACK OF SELF-CONFIDENCE

2008年 THE IMPORTANCE OF COOPERATION

2009年 INTERNET AND PEOPLE

2010年 HOTPOT OF

“PROJECT HOPE” 教育 健康 健康 誠信 環(huán)境 環(huán)境 人際關(guān)系 —NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL 文化 教育 人生 道德 青年思想教育教育 人際關(guān)系 ’S COMMUNICATION 科技與生活 “CULTURE” 文化交融 THE BLIND WORSHIP OF STARS

二、歷屆考研英語試題類型

歷屆考研英語寫作試題主要分為以下兩大類型：

1）1991—1996年：給出提綱或開頭句的命題寫作（writings based on given outlines or opening sentences）

2）1997—2010年：給出提綱的圖畫或圖表寫作（writings based on visual information or pictures or graphs）

三、歷屆考研英語寫作命題的啟示

從1991年至2010年共計20年的考題來分析，我們可以對考研英語寫作命題分析如下：

1）寫作題目忌偏忌怪。考研英語寫作選題范圍都是目前人們最為關(guān)注的問題，從子女與父母的關(guān)系到健康的重要性，從近年來泛濫的行業(yè) “承諾”到世界煙民的現(xiàn)狀，從希望工程到電視廣告，從環(huán)境保護(hù)到生物種類趨于滅絕，以及2002年和2006年的考題所涉及的國際文化交流與青少年思想教育的題目，無不反映了當(dāng)前社會的熱門話題。在2007年真題中的大作文里，命題組專家們又將人們面對工作中的挑戰(zhàn)與困難的時候，應(yīng)該采取什么樣的態(tài)度提了出來讓考生進(jìn)行思考。面對社會的激烈競爭，人與人之間的交往需要些什么？針對這個人際關(guān)系問題，命題組專家在2008年的大作文命題中突出了“你一條腿，我一條腿；你我一起，走南闖北。”這樣一個有關(guān)合作的重要性的主題。在2009年考研英語中，考生可以看到命題組專家又將目光投向了我們的生活。網(wǎng)絡(luò)早已經(jīng)成為了新世紀(jì)高科技的代名詞。而利用哲學(xué)思想看待問題會使得我們?nèi)ニ伎季W(wǎng)絡(luò)于我們的積極與消極兩方面的影響。今年更是緊扣上海世博會概念打出了一張“文化交融”的王牌。

2）文體基本上是說明文和議論文?？歼@類體裁的寫作比較符合形式發(fā)展的實(shí)際需要。在學(xué)習(xí)，工作和生活中，人們所書寫的材料大多也是說明文或議論文。

3）出題形式在平穩(wěn)中逐漸趨于多樣化。

4）寫作題目易于理解。寫作題目無論以文字的形式還是以圖表，圖畫的形式出現(xiàn)都會淺顯易懂。考生不會因題目中出現(xiàn)生詞或難以理解的短語而影響正常發(fā)揮。

四、考研英語文章段落的寫作和常規(guī)整體構(gòu)建模式

（一）文章段落的寫作

一篇文章可由幾個自然段組成。文章中的句子和段落均為文章的中心思想服務(wù)，形成一個有機(jī)的整體。好的段落必須是意思完整，語義連貫，完全體現(xiàn)文章主旨中心，同時又是層次分明，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)用合理的。

1、段落的組成

一個段落由三部分組成：

（1）主題句（Topic Sentence）:點(diǎn)出段落的主題（文章談?wù)摰氖鞘裁矗?/p>

（2）擴(kuò)展句（Developing Sentence）:說明和支持主題。

（3）結(jié)尾句（Concluding Sentence）:得出結(jié)論。

主題句

擴(kuò)展句1

擴(kuò)展句2 擴(kuò)展句3 ??

結(jié)尾句

2、段落的主題

一篇文章有中心意思，也就是題目。而每個段落有段落主題，段落主題是為文章中心思想服務(wù)的。

每個段落只能有一個主題（central idea），它用一個句子加以表達(dá)，所以稱為主題句。主題提出后需要很多結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)木渥觼碇С趾驼f明，稱為擴(kuò)展句。最后得出一個結(jié)論，并用一個結(jié)尾句表達(dá)。參看下面段落：

This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldn’t think so if you could hear what the average man thinks of the average women.Women won their independence years ago.After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world.They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field.The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is by no means over.It is men, not women who still carry on the sex war because their attitude remains basically hostile.Even in the most progressive societies, women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens.To hear some men talk, you’d think that women belonged to a different species!

3、寫好主題句

定義：主題句為一個完整的句子，用以概括、敘述和說明該段的主題。

位置：主題句一般位于段首，也可置于段尾或段中，考生最好放在段首，這樣較易掌握和構(gòu)思。

例如： 位于段首：在英文中，大部分段落的第一句便是主題句。開門見山地提出問題，后面的擴(kuò)展句圍繞主題句加以說明、支持、補(bǔ)充和解釋。

An important part of police strategy, rapid police response is seen by police officers and the public alike as offering tremendous benefits.The more obvious the abilities of police to apply first aid life saving techniques quickly, the greater likelihood of arresting people who may have participated in a crime.It aids in identifying those who witnessed an emergency or crime as well as in collecting evidence.The overall reputation of a police department too is enhanced if rapid response is consistent and this in itself promotes the prevention of crime.Needless to say rapid response offers the public some degree of satisfaction in its police force.位于段尾：主題句位于段尾便于總結(jié)全段的內(nèi)容，給讀者以深刻的印象，是寫作中的一種演繹方法。

At present rates of demand, the world has enough oil to last for more than 40 years, enough gas for more than 60 years and enough coal for more than 230 years.Naturally, demand will increase;but so will reserves as companies explore more widely and costs fall.Since 1970 viable reserves of oil have almost doubled while those of gas have leapt three-fold.One distant day a crunch will come, but as it approaches fossil-fuel prices will rise, making alternative forms of energy, perhaps including nuclear power, competitive.That is no reason to spend on nuclear now.位于段中：位于段中的主題句起承上啟下的作用，這類主題句多起轉(zhuǎn)折作用，一般由“but, however, yet, anyhow, nevertheless”等詞連接，用于引起下文。

What we teach ourselves sometimes, indeed, is more useful than what we learn from others.Some great men had little or no schooling.But these great men probably studied harder by themselves than most boys do in school.The greatest minds are not necessarily those who have never been able to distinguish themselves at school, but have been very successful in life later.It has been said that Wellington and Napoleon were both dull boys at school, and so were Newton and Albert Einstein.無主題句：有的段落中無主題句，段落的主題思想通過文章內(nèi)容來提示，這種方法能促使讀者對文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行思考和分析，但考生一般不宜在考試中采用這種方法：

Money may be deposited or withdrawn from branches of the credit unions and banks during business hours from Monday to Friday(but not on public holidays)or 24 hours a day from the many on-campus automatic teller machines.Business hours for financial institutions vary, but credit unions are usually open from 9 am to 5 pm weekdays, and, generally, banks are open from 9.30 am to 4 pm(5 pm on Fridays).Some services are available on Saturday mornings in selected areas.While prices often compare favorably with prices overseas, because Australia is a large and exciting country it is very easy to overspend, especially if on a tight budget.溫馨提示：

寫好主題句的方法：

1）主題句要概括一定內(nèi)容，不要空泛，否則擴(kuò)展句將難以說明和支持它，例如：

空泛：English language is very important.概括：English language is very important in our daily life.空泛：The Olympic Games are exciting.概括：In the Olympic Games the football teams from many countries compete intensely.2）盡量使用簡單句或簡潔明了的句子，例如：：

簡潔：Collecting stamps is her hobby.復(fù)雜: She likes collecting stamps which is her hobby.簡潔: I enjoyed watching Gone with the wind very much.復(fù)雜：Gone with the wind was a good film which I enjoyed watching very much.3）主題句應(yīng)該做到句子完整和表達(dá)的主題思想完整，：例如：

不完整：How to write a composition.完整：How to write a composition is not an easy thing to talk about.不完整：If the weather had been fine.完整：If it had been fine, we would have had a good time.4）關(guān)鍵詞是直接表達(dá)主題的詞匯，它決定段落的內(nèi)容和展開的方法，引導(dǎo)整個段落的發(fā)展，例如：

There are several ways to boil the water.The task can be finished in three steps.There is a new method to reduce the cost.4、寫好擴(kuò)展句和段落

圍繞主題句展開，支持、說明和闡述主題句的句子便是擴(kuò)展句。擴(kuò)展句緊扣主題句中的關(guān)鍵詞而展開，句子與句子之間邏輯清楚，上下轉(zhuǎn)承結(jié)合得當(dāng)，簡明扼要，重點(diǎn)突出。一般來說，每個自然段除了主題句與結(jié)尾句之外，還包含了3－6個擴(kuò)展句。所以，寫好了擴(kuò)展句便基本上完成一個自然段落。

做題時，一旦定下了主題和關(guān)鍵詞，作者便按照自己的思路來組織段落中的句子，句子之間要具有連貫性，就必須由一系列的邏輯關(guān)系構(gòu)成，例如：并列關(guān)系，因果關(guān)系，遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，解釋關(guān)系，概括關(guān)系，順序關(guān)系，讓步關(guān)系，對照、比較關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系等等，這些邏輯關(guān)系可由一系列的過渡詞（transitional words）來完成。過渡詞在句子與句子之間、段落與段落之間起到承上啟下的作用，使句子或段落之間的銜接自然、連貫，邏輯合理，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，因此極為重要。

常用的幾種擴(kuò)展句和段落寫作模式關(guān)聯(lián)表達(dá)方法：

表示因果關(guān)系常用的表達(dá)方法有：

because, since, as, seeing that, the reason why?, because of, on account of , due to, so, thus, hence, therefore, accordingly, consequently, so that, as a result of, in consequence of, result in, result from, lead to, so?as to, owing to, to have an effect on, for the reason, in this way等。

表示列舉或例證法常用的表達(dá)方法有：

for example, for instance, for one thing, for another, to illustrate, one example is, to begin with, first, second, furthermore, besides, in addition, moreover, finally, in conclusion, in summary, also, a case in point, as an illustration, incidentally, namely, that is等。

表示比較對比關(guān)系常用的表達(dá)方法有：

similarly, likewise, like, too, equally important, the same as, in common, in the same way, on the contrary, on one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, in sharp contrast, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead, in/by contrast, but, however, yet, nevertheless

表示分類法常用的表達(dá)方法有：

to divide?into, to classify?into, group?into, to fall into classes, there are?kinds(types, groups, classes, categories, sorts)of, according to, in terms of, depending on, at the level of等。

表示定義常用的表達(dá)方法有：

what is?？, to be defined as, to refer to, the definition of?is?, to be used to describe, in a very real sense, this is, this means, be explained, it states that, in other words, namely等。

表示總結(jié)關(guān)系常用的表達(dá)方法有：

generally speaking, generally, as a general rule, in general, on a larger scale, to take the idea further, to take the above opinion to an extreme, in a sense, in one sense, in a way, to some extent, in my opinion, in my view, as for me, as far as I am concerned, obviously, undoubtedly, in terms of, in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, in a word, on the whole, to sum up, to conclude.表示強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系常用的表達(dá)方法有：

anyway, certainly, surely, obviously, to be sure, especially, particularly, above all, indeed, in fact, even worse, needless to say, most important of all, no doubt

表示空間順序常用的表達(dá)方法有：

beyond, above, under, nearby, outside, in here, across, close to, on(to, at)the left(right), ahead of, in front of, above, from, adjacent to, against, around, at the bottom, before, behind, below, beneath, between, beyond, close at hand, close to down, far, farther, in the center of, in the distance, in the middle of, nearby, near to, next to, on the opposite side, opposite to, on top of , over, under, up等。

（二）文章的常規(guī)整體構(gòu)建模式

對于考生來說，了解一點(diǎn)作文考試常用的文體知識很有必要。文章文體一般分為敘述文（Narration）、議論文（Argumentation）、說明文（Exposition）和描寫文（Description）。在實(shí)際寫作中，這幾種文體常常交叉使用，相輔相成，但主體仍以一種為主，其它為輔。從考研作文試題情況來看，主要為議論文，出題形式常常是針對某一事物或現(xiàn)象讓考生提出自己的看法。

議論文（Argumentation）

作者對某一問題或事件直接或間接地進(jìn)行分析評論，表明自己的立場、觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度、主張，這就是議論。它常常用于學(xué)術(shù)論文，各種評論、短文、雜文、辯論等方面，應(yīng)用廣泛。

議論文的寫作要注意三個要素：1.提出論點(diǎn)；2.組織論據(jù)，進(jìn)行論證；3.得出結(jié)論。

常用的論證方法包括夾敘夾議法、例舉法、比較對照法、因果法、邏輯推理法（包括歸納法和演繹法）。可以從正面論證，也可以從反面進(jìn)行反駁。

常規(guī)整體構(gòu)建模式

在一篇文章中，各自然段，各句子都為文章的中心思想服務(wù)，各段落之間，句子與句子之間存在著某種邏輯關(guān)系。文章段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系主要由過渡詞來完成，在修辭中稱為啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合?！皢ⅰ本褪情_頭，“承”是承接，“轉(zhuǎn)”是轉(zhuǎn)折，“合”是綜合或總結(jié)，一篇文章與一段文章一樣都有“啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合”關(guān)系。例如：

China’s entry into WTO

（啟）Nowadays there has been a widespread concern among the general public over China’s entry into WTO, which is widely seen to bring us a blessing and promising future.It seems to be so at first sight.However, on reflection, we’re convinced that it’s just another double-edged sword.（承）On one hand, China is to enjoy the benefits that the organization provides us.Lower tariffs and tax rates and fewer trade barriers will facilitate our swift and efficient imports and exports and other trade activities.According to the trade clauses of the WTO, the European Union shall cut down the tax rates it imposes on our exported textile products, thus availing the arts-and-crafts companies in our country to extract more profits from the business.In a sense, the WTO means opportunity, and it sets the stage for our business to cut a brilliant figure in the international economic circles.（轉(zhuǎn)）On the other hand, the entry will impose some negative effects on China.China’s national economy is set to be faced with fierce competition from the outside world.WTO pursues a relatively equal and free business environment for all its members, which poses a major challenge for our economy.Such monopolized business sectors used to enjoy protections from governments of all levels as telecommunications and banking will find themselves no longer in a “safe box”.They have to adjust or replace their current operative and marketing strategies to cope with the “outdoors” shrewd and talented competitors, or they will suffer big losses and tough time is awaiting them.（合）Whatever the reason, the early entry into WTO is beneficial to our country and our life.We should make good use of the chances and meanwhile suitably deal with the outside competition.All our efforts are to upgrade our business scales and get more integrated into the international business community.3． 圖畫題型寫作

圖畫題型寫作是較難的題型之一，近幾年考研英語寫作試題均為圖畫題型，故考生應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對待。面對此類題型，考生應(yīng)首先確定主題，然后再動筆。

1）圖畫題型寫作要點(diǎn)

① 考生應(yīng)對圖畫進(jìn)行全面而細(xì)致的研究，尤其注意圖畫中人或物（人與物）的體貌表情特征和背景，確定人物之間，人物與背景之間的主要關(guān)系，以便正確掌握圖畫所傳達(dá)的信息。

② 如果圖畫以系列形式（即兩幅以上）出現(xiàn)，考生除了掌握每一幅圖畫的信息，還應(yīng)該對圖畫之間的相應(yīng)聯(lián)系有所理解，從而在整體上把握圖畫所傳達(dá)的信息。

③ 面對圖畫題型，考生應(yīng)該展開合理而豐富的聯(lián)想，用生動而恰當(dāng)?shù)难赞o抒發(fā)自己對圖畫的所思、所想、所感。

④ 注意圖畫題型中的文字提示。文字提示非常重要，文字提示通常十分清楚地提供一些寫作要點(diǎn)。

⑤ 草擬提綱，合理組織材料?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)圖畫內(nèi)容的不同采用不同的段落發(fā)展方式。如果畫面內(nèi)容是以描述為主，即按空間方位或時間先后順序排列，在描述圖畫時，大家可以按照先寫哪個部分，后寫哪個部分的寫作方式進(jìn)行。如果畫面內(nèi)容是以解釋說明為主，即不需要考生再將圖畫中所看到的人或事本身進(jìn)行詳細(xì)地描寫，而是直接寫出圖畫的意義，那么寫作時考生應(yīng)該把圖畫所蘊(yùn)涵的含義在首段告訴讀者，當(dāng)然也可以在首段書寫圖畫內(nèi)涵的社會背景，為下個段落的點(diǎn)題做好鋪墊。

⑥ 系統(tǒng)且突出地展開段落。展開段落要根據(jù)畫面內(nèi)容進(jìn)行，同時也要圍繞每一段的主題句進(jìn)行。

⑦ 檢查與修改。考生應(yīng)重點(diǎn)檢查圖畫內(nèi)容是否準(zhǔn)確地被表達(dá)出來，題目所給提示是否完整地反映在文章之中。如果存在與畫面不相符的內(nèi)容，或未能完全涵蓋題目所給提示，考生應(yīng)對文章做出相應(yīng)修訂。

2）圖畫題型寫作試題實(shí)例

① 寫作題目（2003年考研英語寫作真題）

Directions:

Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should

1)describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and

2)point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)

② 參考范文

The set of drawings above vividly depicts the destiny of a flower in two different living circumstances.As is shown in the first drawing, the flower is placed in a cozy green house which shelters it from the severe wind and storm.Under the proper temperature and other good conditions, the flower is growing in full bloom.In contrast, when removed from the green house and exposed to the wind and storm, the flower immediately fades and withers, with most of its petals cast about on the ground.The purpose of the drawings is to reveal the fact that the flower growing in the green house can not withstand the ordeal of the wind and storm, yet the implied meaning subtly conveyed should be taken into account more seriously.The weak flower is naturally associated with our young people, to be exact, the only children in our current society;the green house epitomizes our parents’ excessive doting care and material supplies that can protect the children from the wind and storm, to be specific, the harsh reality.Once our young people begin to seek independence and face challenges from the real competitive world, they are aware that they are found too spoiled to be strong enough to endure the hardships and difficulties of various sorts.In sum, it is essential for our young people to derive positive implications from the above thought-provoking drawings.On one hand, we can frequently employ them to enlighten ourselves to be more independent in life.On the other hand, our parents should be sensible enough to offer children more right and freedom to cope with their own troubles and problems.Only by undergoing more predicaments can young people develop strong personality and ability needed in the future, and only in this way can they eventually become winners in our competitive changing world.(307 words)

4.表格和圖表題型寫作

目前，表格和圖表題型也是考研英語大綱中對寫作部分要求的題型之一，也是難度較大的一種寫作題型，故考生應(yīng)對此類題型加強(qiáng)練習(xí)，熟練掌握。

1）表格和圖表題型寫作要點(diǎn)

① 考生應(yīng)仔細(xì)研究題目以及提示信息，看準(zhǔn)，看清圖表中的數(shù)字,線條,陰影等部分 表現(xiàn)的趨勢和走向，然后根據(jù)圖表所顯示的中心信息確定內(nèi)容層次以及主題句。

② 考生應(yīng)該仔細(xì)觀察分析圖表所給出的大量信息，從中選取最重要，最有代表性，最核心的信息，然后根據(jù)全文的主旨去組織運(yùn)用所獲取的關(guān)鍵信息?？忌鷳?yīng)切忌簡單地羅列圖表所給出的信息。

③ 表格和圖表題型寫作一般采用一般現(xiàn)在時，但如果圖表給出了具體時間參照，考生則應(yīng)對時態(tài)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。

④ 表格和圖表題型要求考生使用一些固定句型和表達(dá)法，考生應(yīng)對此融會貫通。

⑤ 表格和圖表題型可以細(xì)分為表格，曲線圖，柱型圖和餅形圖。除了上述共同要點(diǎn)，考生還應(yīng)弄懂這四種圖在寫作方面的各自特點(diǎn)。

?表格形式要求考生對表格中所給出的大量數(shù)字進(jìn)行比較分析，從中找出其變化規(guī)律。

?曲線圖形式要求考生認(rèn)真觀察坐標(biāo)系所顯示的數(shù)據(jù)信息，并且密切注意交匯在坐標(biāo)橫軸和縱軸上的數(shù)字和單位。

?柱型圖形式要求考生通過寬度相等的柱形的高度或長度差別來判斷事物的動態(tài)發(fā)展趨勢，故考生應(yīng)密切關(guān)注坐標(biāo)線上的刻度單位及圖表旁邊的提示說明與文字。

?餅形圖形式旨在要求考生準(zhǔn)確理解并闡述一個被分割成大小不等切片的餅形圖形所傳達(dá)的信息?？忌鷳?yīng)清楚掌握部分與整體，部分與部分之間的相互關(guān)系，這種關(guān)系通常是以百分比的數(shù)字形式給出的。

⑥ 列出各段的主題句?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)所給提綱或已知信息列出每段的主題句，為全文的展開鋪平道路。

⑦ 嚴(yán)格圍繞主題句展開段落。

⑧ 檢查與修改。表格與圖表寫作的檢查與修改應(yīng)著重檢查文章中所列舉的信息是否與圖表所顯示的信息一致。

2）表格和圖表題型的核心句型

句型1：

As can be seen from/ in the chart/ diagram/ table,??

句型2：

According to/ As is shown in table 1/ figure 2/ chart 3, ??

句型3：

It can be seen from the chart/ diagram/ graph/ figures/ statistics that??

句型4：

From table/ figures/ data/ results/ information, it can/ may be seen/ concluded/ shown/ estimated/ calculated/ inferred that??

句型5：(往往與句型6連在一起運(yùn)用)

During the period 2000 to 2006, ??

From 2000 to 2006, ??

Since 2000, ??

句型6：

slight

small slow gradual steady large

dramatic

sharp

rapid sudden

rise

increase

fluctuation

decrease

decline

reduction

fall drop

There is/was/has been a

in prices

in population

in production.in income.in demand.in supply.其它句型：

a.圖表作文常用的開篇句式：

（1）According to the figures given in the table + 主題句

（2）The table(pie chart, line graph, bar graph)shows that + 主題句

（3）The table indicates that + 主題句

（4）It can be seen from the table that +主題句

b.描述圖表內(nèi)容時常用的表達(dá)法：

（1）According to figures shown in the /graph/chart we can see/ conclude that ?

（2）The graph shows/ tells/ reveals that ?

（3）As is shown/ can be seen in the chart that ?

（4）The table is / gives information/ about?

（5）The table represents the development and changes in ?

（6）After considering the information in the table we might conclude that ?

c.描述增減變化的表達(dá)法：

（1）Compared with ? it still increased by?

（2）The number of ? grew/ rose from ? to ?

（3）The amount of ? will rise/ show a tendency to increase ?

（4）No increase is shown in ?;then came a sharp increase of ?

（5）In ? the number of ?.remains the same/ drops to ?

d.常用細(xì)節(jié)描寫句型

（1）The purpose of this picture is to show/indicate/demonstrate that ?

（2）By 2005, the number of sth had doubled(tripled)compared with that of 2003.（3）The number of sth remained steady/ stable from?to?

（4）The number of sth stayed the same between?and ?

（5）The figures reached a high point(a low point)of?in 2003.（6）The number of sth increased/ rose/ decreased/ dropped rapidly(slightly)from?to?（7）There was a rapid / slight increase /rise/decrease/drop in the number of sth from?to?

（8）The number of sth increased significantly from1998 to 2000.（9）The number of sth fluctuated between 100 and 300 from 1998 to 2000.（10）There was a sharp decrease in the number of ?from?to?

3)表格和圖表題型寫作實(shí)例

① 寫作題目(1999年考研英語寫作真題)

Directions:

A.Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in about 200 words.B.Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET II.C.Your essay should cover these three points:

1.effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife

2.possible reason for the effect

3.your suggestion for the wildlife protection

THE UPS AND DOWNS OF POPULATION GROWTH

② 參考范文

As is shown by the two graphs, during the period of time from 1800 to 1900, with the explosive growth of the U.S.population, the number of species no longer existing shot up, amounting to 70 in 1900.It is apparent that the population explosion resulted in the sharp decline in the wildlife of the country.What brought about this phenomenon?

There are, I do think, two possible reasons for the fact.To begin with, the ever-increasing population needs more land to grow crops and more space to live in.Consequently, there is less and less niche in the U.S.for wildlife.Moreover, a number of newly built factories keep discharging harmful gases and liquids, which seriously pollute the environment.This has disturbed the ecological balance, contributing to the extinction of some wildlife.In my view, three strong measures should be taken to solve the problem.In the first place, the birth rate in the U.S.must be put under control because the rapidly growing population leads to serious environmental crisis.Secondly, the U.S.government is supposed to create as many nature reserves as possible where all the native species of wild animals can be kept from being hunted and all the native species of plants can grow vigorously.Last and not least, it is urgent for the authorities to set up a foundation to reward those who do much to protect the wildlife on the green planet.(233 words)

第二篇：海天2014年春季四級串講講義答案

海天教育2014年春季英語四級串講講義答案 傳統(tǒng)閱讀理解考點(diǎn)串講

觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度處：DAA

C

長難句與特殊結(jié)構(gòu)處CCDA

指代處B

讓步轉(zhuǎn)折處

BCA

結(jié)論處D

因果關(guān)系處

B

B33 C34 D

Passage One

57---61C D D D A

Passage Two

62----66B D B A C

Passage Three

62---66A B D A C

選詞填空串講

E48 I49 F50 D

J52 B 53 L54 H 55 C56 G

長篇閱讀串講H2 E3 B4 D5 B6 G7 F8 C9 A10 G

翻譯串講：

四級翻譯樣題：

Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts.Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years.It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings.During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular , paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere.The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity.Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.翻譯沖刺練習(xí)一

China is a developing country with a strong sense of responsibility.We are ready to make contribution to promote win-win cooperation for sustainable development.A sound and rapidly growing Chinese economy is helpful for the economic development of the region and that of the world at large.With an average annual growth rate of 9.4% in the past 20 years of reform and opening up, China has succeeded in meeting the basic needs for food, clothing and shelter of its population and providing, on the whole, a moderately comfortable livelihood for its over one billion people.China’s economy right now is in good shape, though not problem-free.Thanks to our macro-economic measures, the unhealthy and unstable factors in the economy have been brought under effective control.翻譯沖刺練習(xí)二

Hangzhou, one of China’s six well-known ancient capital cities, has a history of more than 2,000 years.It is famous not only for its natural beauty but also for its charm of cultural traditions.Besides, many poems and inscriptions in its praise by men of letters through the dynasties, it also boasts local delicacies and pretty handicrafts.Generally speaking, a two-day tour of West Lake and scenic spots around it is advisable for a tourist.As a tourist, you will find it a pleasant and culturally rewarding trip to Hangzhou.

第三篇：作文講義

作文講義

自我簡介：

潘長江說過“我濃縮的是人生的精華”。而我濃縮的是人生的苦難。

南陽人杰地靈，有四圣諸葛亮、張衡、張仲景《傷寒雜病論》、范蠡（陶朱公）?！度龂萘x》中的有名戰(zhàn)役火燒新野，火燒博望，就發(fā)生在南陽??丹江水庫，是南水北調(diào)的源頭，南陽獨(dú)玉馳名世界，南陽作家群被稱為“宛軍”，有二月河、周同斌等著名的作家。

上中學(xué)、師范、教學(xué)、寫作、考研、讀研??基本情況，成績優(yōu)秀，中考成績是全縣前三十名，語文及作文成績?nèi)h領(lǐng)先78.9，每年組織全鄉(xiāng)的作文考前輔導(dǎo)。《愛，墜斜了天空》初發(fā)表與《熱風(fēng)》，后由河南省廣播電臺轉(zhuǎn)載播出?！兑宦?，我爬著過來》，真實(shí)地表達(dá)了自我艱辛的考研經(jīng)歷與感受。

作文的重要性：古代作文寫的好可以做官，蘇東坡，歐陽修，王安石、韓愈、李斯官至宰相??中考、高考、考公務(wù)員、秘書、政策研究室、寫求職信、寫普通的信（郵件）、手機(jī)短信，可以表現(xiàn)一個人的文學(xué)素養(yǎng)??我的一個學(xué)生就因?yàn)樽魑暮?，成為企業(yè)的經(jīng)理，南方的好多企業(yè)就需要這樣的人才。

大多數(shù)的老師不會寫作文，總結(jié)、計劃能保存十幾年，現(xiàn)在利用電腦查找作文很方便，不過使人的寫作能力退化。但不能說完全不會評作文，作文的批語缺乏針對性。就如食客與廚師的辯證關(guān)系一樣，可以指出不足但說不出具體的理由。語文閱讀分析試題，其實(shí)拆解后理解還是歸屬于作文上的知識：中心、段落、句子、練詞、修辭手法、鑒賞?? 上海在19999年前后，曾經(jīng)有專家提出語文考試制度的改革，把作文作為衡量學(xué)生語文能力的唯一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，我也進(jìn)行了嘗試。雖沒有最后推行，但是作文在語文試卷中的比重增加40，45，50（100分）。初中的化學(xué)40分，而且拉不開距離，然而作文成績的提高卻會很快。

中考作文其實(shí)要求并不高，由于時間有限?！按蠹摇钡淖魑臉?gòu)思修改的時間很長。只要掌握住基本的寫作的技巧，成績一定會有大幅度的提高。今年暑假，有的同學(xué)很喜歡聽我講課，但不太樂意去寫，就如不鍛煉就學(xué)不會騎馬、游泳一樣??有理論的指導(dǎo)學(xué)

第四篇：海天大酒店簡介

佳木斯海天大酒店

簡介

佳木斯海天大酒店是香港永安集團(tuán)投資興建，由北京新京倫國際酒店管理公司全權(quán)委托管理的本市唯一一家具有五星級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的商務(wù)型單體酒店，酒店匯集客房、餐飲、休閑、購物于一體的超豪華型國際大酒店。

酒店位于佳木斯市最繁華的商業(yè)中心區(qū)—和平路北段，北鄰松花江岸邊，緊靠佳木斯購物街，距佳木斯機(jī)場僅20分鐘路程，3分鐘可達(dá)火車站，交通便利，是商務(wù)及旅游等各界客人下榻的最佳選擇。

酒店?duì)I業(yè)面積二萬多平方米，采用現(xiàn)代與歐式建筑風(fēng)格設(shè)計，極富歐陸色彩。酒店內(nèi)設(shè)有雙人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)房、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)單人房、商務(wù)套房，總統(tǒng)套等共180間；房間內(nèi)設(shè)中央空調(diào)、迷你酒吧、寬帶網(wǎng)絡(luò)、衛(wèi)星電視，適合于商務(wù)、旅游不同客人的需要，在服務(wù)上我也會以五星級的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來嚴(yán)格要求自己。

酒店中餐廳裝修典雅，環(huán)境寧靜，設(shè)備完善；并特聘名廚主理各式菜系，出品精良，豐儉隨宜。餐廳另附設(shè)十間特色包房，無論是百人華宴、喜節(jié)盛宴、知己小酌、同仁聚餐，海天大酒店都是您身份和品位的象征。

酒店還設(shè)有可同時容納400人的大型多功能宴會廳和裝飾各異的小型會議室，可舉行記者招待會、新聞發(fā)布會、新產(chǎn)品展示會及專家講學(xué)等各種會議和大型宴請活動讓您感受管家式一條龍式的五星級服務(wù)。

酒店一層為中餐廳、大堂吧、精品店，可以滿足賓客的不同需要。彰顯品位，享受至尊。我們將秉承華夏民族殷勤待客之道，以親切、友善、誠摯的五星級服務(wù)，真誠歡迎國內(nèi)外各界賓客光臨海天大酒店。

第五篇：海天藝術(shù)團(tuán)會議記錄

海天藝術(shù)團(tuán)會議記錄

會議時間：2012年10月10日 星期三 中午12：30 會議地點(diǎn)：和潤樓A109 主持人：劉亮

記錄人：魏健

考勤：魏健 社聯(lián)出席：王曉麗、孫雯麗

出席人：黃海卿、王昕、及藝術(shù)團(tuán)全體成員 事假：--無故缺席：---會議內(nèi)容：

一、明確紀(jì)律性：.以后每周三中午12:30在行知組團(tuán)B108進(jìn)行常規(guī)例會（如果沒有重要的事情一周一周開例會）

2.加強(qiáng)考勤。每次例會考情，記錄未到與遲到情況。.收課程表，排空課。按照空課表一周隔一周進(jìn)行常規(guī)的集體排練（按具體節(jié)目分組

進(jìn)行），加強(qiáng)對平時排練情況的考核與督促。

4.輪流做會議記錄和負(fù)責(zé)考勤。

二、表演與節(jié)目策劃；開始節(jié)目的編排、搜集和排練

三、QQ群的建立；方便日常事務(wù)的通知和成員間的交流。

四、下周二要藝術(shù)團(tuán)內(nèi)部述職。