第一篇：英語議論文寫作范例優(yōu)秀作文

AI and Human Recently a go competition between the world-class player, Lee and Google’s AI, Alpha Go attracted everyone’s attention.With an astonishing 4-1, Alpha Go won victory.Seeing this result, people can’t help thinking about the unimaginable future AI would have.And the question that has been discussed for many years may emerge in people’s mind: will AI really think as human does one day? Some people say it will and fear AI will take the place of human finally.But in my opinion, AI will never make it.First of all, it’s almost impossible for AI to imitate how human’s brain works.For certain reasons, human’s knowledge of brain is very little.Nowadays, we still have no idea why we have dreams or illusions.And that situation will remain for quite a long time, because if a researcher wants to know how brain works, he needs to take it out of the body and keep it alive, which is totally an inhuman work.Now that human’s brain is still a dark mystery, how can we make AI think as human’s brain? More importantly, AI doesn’t have creativeness.Once my Chinese teacher asked us why the sky is blue.One of my classmates said because the cloud is white.It’s quite illogical but anyway it’s a brilliant answer.On the other hand, AI may explain this question reasonably like a physics teacher but it always lacks the 1% inspiration though it has 99% perspiration.Creativeness is crucial for human and we can say without any exaggeration it’s creativeness that makes what our world is today.So without it, how can we say AI thinks as human does? The most important factor I think is emotion.Emotion is the fundamental part of humanity.Every day, every minute it influences the way we think.Imagine you are going to die tomorrow, what would you do in your last 24 hours? Most people would stay with their parents, kiss the one they love, say goodbye to the one they care, and have the last dinner in their favorite restraunt.In the end, it’s emotional attachment that influences us most.But for AI, emotion is beyond comprehension.If AI was on Titanic, it would never let children go first, because they were least likely to survive.And AI may even think having a baby is totally a bad idea.Because for an emotionless person, raising a baby is completely a money, energy and time consuming work.We often say a man without emotion is a robot.So if AI doesn’t have any emotion, how can we say it think as human does? AI may beat human in calculation, may defeat human in chess, or may finally destroy human totally.But it will never create art works like human, will never love others like human, and will never, think like human.

第二篇：英語議論文寫作模版

議論文作文模板

1.正反觀點(diǎn)式議論文模板

導(dǎo)入：

第1段：Recently we've had a discussion about whether we should...(導(dǎo)入話題)

Our opinions are divided on this topic.(觀點(diǎn)有分歧)

正文：

第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方觀點(diǎn))The reasons are listed as follows.First...Second...Finally...(列出2~3個(gè)贊成的理由)

第3段：However, the others are strongly against it.(反方觀點(diǎn))

Here are the reasons.In the first place...What's more...In addition...(列出2~3個(gè)反對(duì)的理由)

結(jié)論：

第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(個(gè)人觀點(diǎn))オ 2.“A或者B”類議論文模板：

導(dǎo)入：

第1段：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways.Others, however, argue that B is much better.Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.正文：

第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A.The main reason is that...Another reason is that...(贊同A的原因)

第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent...(列出1~2個(gè)B的優(yōu)勢(shì))結(jié)論：

第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B.From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that...(得出結(jié)論)オ

3.觀點(diǎn)論述類議論文模板：

導(dǎo)入：

第1段：提出一種現(xiàn)象或某個(gè)決定作為議論的話題

As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision.(亮明自己的觀點(diǎn)是贊成還是反對(duì))The reasons for this may be listed as follows.(過渡句，承上啟下)

正文：

第2段：First of all...Secondly...Besides...(列出2~3個(gè)贊成或反對(duì)的理由)

結(jié)論：

第3段：In conclusion, I believe that...(照應(yīng)第1段，構(gòu)成“總-分-總”結(jié)構(gòu))

4.“How to”類議論文模板：

導(dǎo)入：

第1段：提出一種現(xiàn)象或某種困難作為議論的話題

正文：

第2段：Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective.First of all...Another way to solve the problem is...Finally...(列出2~3個(gè)解決此類問題的辦法)

結(jié)論：

第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take.But it should be noted that we should take action to...(強(qiáng)調(diào)解決此類問題的根本方法)

實(shí)用文體寫作模板 高考英語作文經(jīng)典范文

名人名言

No one can degrade us except ourselves;that if we are worthy, no influence can defeat us.(B.T.Washington, American educator)除了我們自己以外，沒有人能貶低我們。如果我們堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，就沒有什么不良影響能夠打敗我們。

為了大家能更多的得到寫作部分的25分，我們特精選了以下范文，希望同學(xué)們務(wù)必研讀背誦?。ㄓ绕渥⒁猓何闹袆澗€部分為該體裁的套話；黑體部分為寫作中的經(jīng)典表達(dá)。）

May you succeed in the coming college entrance examination.一、與報(bào)社等討論稿（帶手機(jī)利弊）

Dear Editor:

[引出話題] I’m a senior three student.I’m writing to tell you my opinion on whethermiddle school students can go to school with mobile phones.[贊成]I think they can do that.Because students can keep in touch with their friends and family wherever they are.Besides, the mobile phone is a way to have fun.[反對(duì)] However, every coin has 2 sides.There are some problems with using mobile phones.The ring of phones can disturb teachers and students in the classroom.Another students is that some students can spend too much time and money on phone calls and sending messages.[個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)] In conclusion, I suggest students not use phones in the classroom.Also, as it is expensive, the owner should take good care of it.Yours sincerely，Li Hua

二、看對(duì)照表格寫調(diào)查報(bào)告（孩子出國利弊）

[調(diào)查內(nèi)容] A survey is taken onpublic opinions of the fact that many parents spend a large amount of money sending their children to study abroad, some of whom are middle school students.[調(diào)查結(jié)果]From it we can see that 38 percent of those surveyed think it is worth the money letting children study abroad to get a better education so that they can get pay in return in the future However, not all are for it / some are against it.62% of them hold the view that it is difficult for young people to live and study in a foreign country.It’s easy for them to fall / get into some bad habits and the cost of education in another country is ten times as much as that at home.[解決措施]The survey shows thatthe government should set up different kinds of schools to meet the demands of different children.（句型do something /take measures / steps about sth.to do sth）

三、讀柱狀圖表寫調(diào)查報(bào)告 [注意句式變換] Middle school students have some ideas about their future jobs.The most striking contrast isin teaching: 30percent of the girls would like to become teachers while only 5percent of the boys want to do the job.20 percent of the boys want to do business and another 20 percent want to become lawyers, while girls make up 15 percent in these two fields.What boys like to do most is to become managers and the second largest group would like to be scientists.Besides teaching, the second choice for girlsisto be scientists and managers.The number is not small.Girls also expect to show their abilities in these two fields.四、寫信（過去/現(xiàn)在對(duì)比）

Dear editor，I’m a middle school student.I once had a very happy family, but everything has changed because of my father.He used to be a very good doctor and was often praised by his patients.He took good care of the family and shared the housework with my mother everyday.However, he is now quite a different person.He plays mahjong all night and often quarrels with my mother.I just can’t concentrate on my studies and my grades are coming down.I’m very much worried and I’m afraid it will destroy my family as well as my father

Could you help me what to do? I’m looking forward to your reply.Thank you very much.Li Hua

英語作文寫作框架

英語作文的框機(jī)架

對(duì)比觀點(diǎn)題型

（1）要求論述兩個(gè)對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)并給出自己的看法。

1.有一些人認(rèn)為……

2．另一些人認(rèn)為……

3．我的看法……

The topic of ①-----------------（主題）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------（理由二）.Thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view,I think ⑧----------------（我的觀點(diǎn)）.The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.（2）給出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，要求考生反對(duì)這一觀點(diǎn)

Some people believe that ①----------------（觀點(diǎn)一）.For example, they think ②-----------------（舉例說明）．And it will bring them ③---------------(為他們帶來的好處).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④-------------(我不同意該看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤---------(反對(duì)的理由之二)．

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥-----(我對(duì)文章所討論主題的看法)． 闡述主題題型

要求從一句話或一個(gè)主題出發(fā)，按照提綱的要求進(jìn)行論述．

１．闡述名言或主題所蘊(yùn)涵的意義．

２．分析并舉例使其更充實(shí)．

The good old proverb----------------（名言或諺語）reminds us that----------------(釋義).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example,-------------------(舉例說明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that---------------(舉例說明).Furthermore ,------------------(理由三)．

In my opinion,----------------(我的觀點(diǎn)).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.解決方法題型

要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑

１．問題現(xiàn)狀

２．怎樣解決(解決方案的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn))

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(說明Ａ的現(xiàn)狀)．Second,----------(舉例進(jìn)一步說明現(xiàn)狀)Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,---------------(解決方法一).For another-------------(解決方法二).Finally,--------------(解決方法三).Personally, I believe that-------------(我的解決方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because--------------(帶來的好處).說明利弊題型

這種題型往往要求先說明一下現(xiàn)狀，再對(duì)比事物本身的利弊，有時(shí)也會(huì)單從一個(gè)角度（利或弊）出發(fā)，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態(tài)度（或?qū)κ挛锴熬疤岢鲱A(yù)測）

１．說明事物現(xiàn)狀

２．事物本身的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)（或一方面）

３．你對(duì)現(xiàn)狀（或前景）的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First----------------(Ａ的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一).Besides-------------------（Ａ的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(Ａ的第一個(gè)缺點(diǎn))．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二個(gè)缺點(diǎn))．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法)．

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,---------------(對(duì)前景的預(yù)測)．)

議論文的框架

(1)不同觀點(diǎn)列舉型（選擇型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 觀點(diǎn)一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___觀點(diǎn)一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some peoplehold the idea that_觀二_____.In their point of view, on the one hand, ___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點(diǎn)二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點(diǎn)一或二_.Itis not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的議論文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文題目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___優(yōu)點(diǎn)一______.And secondly ___優(yōu)點(diǎn)二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”,討論議題is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with,缺 點(diǎn) 一.In addition, 缺點(diǎn)二.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 討論議題into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.(3)答題性議論文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)作文題目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途徑一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)諺語警句性議論文

It is well know to us that the proverb: "___諺語 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____諺語的含義______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..圖表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文題目的議題_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

第三篇：英語議論文寫作

英語議論文寫作范文

1.利弊議論文

Model 1：

It is a new thing that_____.Many people welcome this new development while others have expressed their concern about this.Those who take sides against this new trend believe that _____ because_____.One common argument, however, for ____ is that_____.Of the two views discussed above, I am in favor of the _____.My reason is that____.Model 2：

As is known to all, there has been a wave of ____.There are many advantages / disadvantages of this modern way.First of all, _____.In the second place, _____.Lastly, _____.In a word, ____.Model 3：

When asked about ____, different people will offer different opinions.Some people take it for granted that _____.In their mind, ____.Besides, ______.However, others hold that ____.They maintain that ____.1

Weighting up these two arguments, I am for the first one.For one thing, ____.For another, _____.Therefore, as stated above, ____.Model 4：

____ is becoming more popular in ____, especially among ____.Today, it’s certainly difficult to think of ____.There are several reasons for its popularity.First, ____.Second, ____.However, in terms of _____.2.個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)議論文

Model(1)

Nowadays more and more people pay more attention to _____.Some people argue that ____ while others firmly hold that _____.In my opinion, I think this question should be probed in depth.On one hand, the first group is not totally correct because ____.On the other hand, the second group seems ____ because ____.In a word, we can see clearly that the key lies in ____.Otherwise _____.Model(2)

It becomes a common tendency these days for people to ____.Many people are opposed to ____ because they think_____.They also argue that ____.In my mind, however, I can’t agree with ____.At the same time, _____.In addition, ______.In conclusion, ______.Model(3)

____ has been one medium of communication that has connected all the people around world.More and more people tend to concern the ____, because it is so _____ that _____.The advantages of ____ are obvious to some people.For one thing, in terms of ____, For another thing, _____._____.As a result, _____./Consequently, _____.Personally, I side with the former opinion.Because _____.However, _____.Model(4)

Presently, one phenomenon calls for people’ s attention that ____.In general, ______.For one thing, _____.(For example, _____.)For another, _____.As far as I am concerned, _____.To sum up, _____.3.解決方法類議論文

Model(1)

If you ____, what will you feel? Of course, you will feel ___ because _____.Besides this, ____.For one thing, ____, For another, _____.No easy solution can be taken to cope with the problem of ____, but ____.Therefore, my viewpoint is that _____.There is no doubt that ____.Model(2)

Most of us today recognize that ____ has been a greatly serious problem.Therefore, _____.From above, we can find that the reasons why ____, are as follows, the primary reason, I think, _____.For example, _____.However, ____.Second, _____.The third reason actually is the result of ____.Therefore, _____.Moreover, _____.Let’s make our good efforts, and _____.

第四篇：議論文寫作及優(yōu)秀作文

議論文寫作及優(yōu)秀作文

苦難是財(cái)富，它磨礪人的品質(zhì)?；艚鸾?jīng)受著輪椅上的苦難，這使他意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，智慧超群，從而為人類開辟了一片新的星空；貝多芬經(jīng)受著耳聾的苦難，他學(xué)會(huì)了扼住命運(yùn)的咽喉，堅(jiān)強(qiáng)地面對(duì)生活；海倫﹒凱勒也經(jīng)受種種苦難最終成為一位人人皆知的名人?？嚯y是成功路上的奠基石，是走上成功的階梯。

——《奮斗的快樂》

寫作病癥： 行文:觀點(diǎn)+例子+結(jié)論

病癥:以例代證，上文可以在事例后加上假設(shè)論證或因果分析，例如：

試想，如果他們面對(duì)上天帶給他們的苦難，退縮了，沉淪了，不敢與命運(yùn)抗?fàn)?，他們能取得成功嗎？能享受到奮斗的快樂嗎？

他們?yōu)槭裁茨茉诟髯缘念I(lǐng)域取得令人矚目的成就？正是因?yàn)樗麄兡苡赂业孛鎸?duì)苦難，用頑強(qiáng)的毅力戰(zhàn)勝苦難，努力奮斗，所以能享受到奮斗的快樂。

如何對(duì)事例進(jìn)行恰當(dāng)?shù)姆治瞿兀?/p>

一、假設(shè)推理法

二、因果分析法

三、正反對(duì)比法

四、歸納分析法

一、假設(shè)推理法

觀點(diǎn)：人貴“立志”

王羲之九歲就開始練字，立志要做書法家，無論酷暑嚴(yán)寒，還是刮風(fēng)下雨，從不間斷。他在紹興蘭亭的一個(gè)水池邊練字，池水都被他的洗筆硯染黑了，那俊秀飄逸的字體，千百年來被人們奉為瑰寶，古人詩贊云：“古硯池中起墨波，右軍書法妙如何？”

假設(shè)推理法基本格式

1、正面事例：（從反面假設(shè)）

如果沒有??哪里會(huì)有?? 假如沒有??就不會(huì)有??

2、反面事例：（從正面假設(shè)）

如果 ??那么 ??

假如王羲之從小沒有立下要當(dāng)書法家的志向，只是平庸過日子，那他哪里會(huì)有這么堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志去練字？怎么會(huì)有被人們稱為“飄若浮云，矯若驚龍”的書法流傳于世？又怎么會(huì)被人們稱為一代“書圣”？正因?yàn)樗麖男【土⑾赂哌h(yuǎn)的志向，才成為一代書法家。

練一練

《山的沉穩(wěn)》

秦始皇建秦以來，不居安思危，身陷聲色犬馬，終日心浮氣躁，毫無沉穩(wěn)。一夫作難而七廟隳，身死人手，為天下笑。

如果秦王能居安思危，以求沉穩(wěn)，那么可遞三世以至萬世而為君，秦朝也就不會(huì)只是個(gè)短命的王朝了。

今有言忠信，行篤敬，演繹出現(xiàn)代傳奇的孫水林、孫東林兄弟。為了搶在大雪封路之前給農(nóng)民工發(fā)工錢，孫水林連夜從天津駕車回家，一家五口在車禍中遇難。弟弟孫東林在哥哥出事之后不是急著去料理后事，而是在找到哥哥遺體之后驅(qū)車15個(gè)小時(shí)趕回老家，搶在除夕之前將工錢發(fā)給農(nóng)民工。

試想，孫水林、孫東林兄弟如果沒有一顆誠信之心，他們又怎能20年堅(jiān)守“新年不欠舊年賬”的承諾？又怎能被人們贊為“信義兄弟”？又怎么能感動(dòng)中國？孫氏兄弟為誠

信奔波，在中華大地上演繹了一場悲情接力。雪落無聲，但誠信打在地上鏗鏘有力。

二、因果分析法

心懷祖國，生命精彩。幾百年的獵獵西風(fēng)，拂走了牧羊老者偉岸的身影；幾百年的風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨，滌蕩著**亭的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)殘血；幾百年的潮起潮落，淹沒了零丁洋里的聲聲嘆息??然而，蘇武的一根節(jié)杖，岳將軍的滿腔熱血，文天祥的一顆丹心，早已印入史冊(cè)，成為民族的精神瑰寶。他們精彩的生命，也早已在歷史的天空中飛揚(yáng)。

因果分析法推理思路

關(guān)鍵：找準(zhǔn)因果關(guān)系，讓事例與觀點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)起來。

思路：（針對(duì)結(jié)果）為什么——是因?yàn)椋ㄕ擖c(diǎn)）

句式

為什么??正因?yàn)??才??

之所以??是因?yàn)???

因 為 ?? 所 以 ??

心懷祖國，生命精彩。幾百年的獵獵西風(fēng)，拂走了牧羊老者偉岸的身影；幾百年的風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨，滌蕩著**亭的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)殘血；幾百年的潮起潮落，淹沒了零丁洋里的聲聲嘆息??然而，蘇武的一根節(jié)杖，岳將軍的滿腔熱血，文天祥的一顆丹心，早已印入史冊(cè)，成為民族的精神瑰寶。他們精彩的生命，也早已在歷史的天空中飛揚(yáng)。為什么他們的生命如此精彩？

就是因?yàn)樗麄冃膽炎鎳?，在心靈的天空中，他們傾盡了對(duì)祖國的滿腔熱血，用執(zhí)著與忠心，營造出了精彩的生命。

練一練

題目：做人要有上進(jìn)心 上進(jìn)心是不屈服于命運(yùn)的不公，努力向上的積極心態(tài)。曾經(jīng)，陳勝只是一個(gè)受壓迫的農(nóng)民，韓信只是一個(gè)市井之徒，李嘉誠僅僅是一個(gè)普通的推銷員；然而，受壓迫的農(nóng)夫卻成了王者，市井之徒卻被載入史冊(cè)，流芳百世，那個(gè)被人瞧不起的推銷員卻是財(cái)富榜上響當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)娜宋铩?/p>

是什么讓他們改變了命運(yùn)？

是什么讓他們?nèi)〉贸晒?？是他們的鴻鵠之志，是他們永不熄滅的上進(jìn)心啊。

三、正反對(duì)比法

把兩種事物或一個(gè)事物的兩個(gè)方面加以對(duì)照、比較，推導(dǎo)出它們之間的差異點(diǎn)，使結(jié)論水到渠成的論證方法。正反對(duì)比法基本模式

材料特點(diǎn)：兩個(gè)例子：一正面，一反面

一例中含有正反兩個(gè)因素。

關(guān)鍵：找準(zhǔn)對(duì)比的對(duì)象

先同后異

句式： ①他們的??相同，??相同，但為什么

結(jié)局不同呢？就是因?yàn)??

②同是??為什么??？就是因?yàn)??

觀點(diǎn)：好集體不會(huì)埋沒人才

孫臏與龐涓同出于鬼谷子門下。他們二人可說是精于謀略，都是不可多得的人才。但是當(dāng)孫臏來到龐涓任職的魏國時(shí)，龐涓嫉妒他的才能，表面恭敬內(nèi)心狠毒，多次向魏王進(jìn)讒言，致使孫臏被挖去膝蓋骨，不得施展其才能。而齊王聽說孫臏之才，不惜費(fèi)盡心力，將孫臏請(qǐng)到齊國，委以重任。齊軍才有了馬陵道之勝。

同是孫臏為何落得兩種境遇呢？就是因?yàn)樗谟趦?yōu)劣不同的兩個(gè)統(tǒng)治集團(tuán)。在魏國，龐涓只圖私利，妒賢嫉能，魏王昏庸，偏聽偏信，而且缺乏識(shí)別千里馬的伯樂眼光。孫臏在這樣

一個(gè)集體中，如何施展大志呢？而齊王任賢用能，身邊的臣子也不像龐涓那樣謀私，因而上下齊心，孫臏在此，正得以充分發(fā)揮作用?？梢?，好集體不會(huì)埋沒人才。

觀點(diǎn)：心態(tài)與成功

2000年奧運(yùn)會(huì)上。面對(duì)槍靶，44歲“高齡”王義夫老槍新傳，一槍失準(zhǔn)，下槍再來，最后關(guān)頭的二次舉槍顯示出過人的老練，終于用金牌洗雪了亞特蘭大奧運(yùn)會(huì)的遺憾。而英國網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員亨曼雖然一直保持在一流選手的行列之中,但從未拿過一項(xiàng)大滿貫賽事冠軍。在2005年的奧網(wǎng)賽場上，比他?。窔q的俄羅斯選手達(dá)維登科都能教訓(xùn)他一把。

同樣是一流高手，結(jié)果卻大相徑庭，究其原因是個(gè)人的品質(zhì)和心理起了關(guān)鍵的作用。王義夫因?yàn)橛辛祟B強(qiáng)的意志和驚人的鎮(zhèn)定，所以在一槍失準(zhǔn)的情況下，能快速調(diào)整心態(tài)，重振旗鼓，在下面的幾次射擊中打出最好的成績，贏得了金牌。而英國網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員亨曼卻因?yàn)閱适Я艘庵玖?，慘敗連連，留下了終身的遺憾。

四、歸納分析法

列舉多個(gè)典型論據(jù)之后，歸納總結(jié)出它們的共同點(diǎn)，扣在要證明的論點(diǎn)上。

思路：歸納共性→揭示觀點(diǎn)

關(guān)鍵：一句話概括多個(gè)論據(jù)；將共性、實(shí)質(zhì)扣住論點(diǎn)

句式：可見??

由此看來??

論點(diǎn)：踏實(shí)

曹雪芹悼紅軒中批閱十載成就千古奇書；齊白石老人印章的遒勁功底是從前不分晝夜千刻萬磨練就的；蒙娜麗莎的微笑背后有達(dá)芬奇幼時(shí)畫雞蛋的刻苦??大凡擁有極高藝術(shù)造詣的人，其出神入化的表現(xiàn)力皆來自于踏實(shí)的功底。

因此，可以說，藝術(shù)殿堂精美的紋飾是用踏實(shí)雕刻成的。

論點(diǎn)：貧困也是一筆財(cái)富

司馬光出身貧寒；范仲淹兩歲喪父，隨母改嫁，幼時(shí)連稠一點(diǎn)的粥都難以喝到；大學(xué)士宋濂家中一貧如洗；梵高也曾窮困潦倒，一文不名，生活上靠著弟弟接濟(jì)；高爾基曾經(jīng)是個(gè)流浪兒；居里夫人剛滿十歲就外出打工??

這些歷史名人都飽受貧苦的困擾，也正是幼時(shí)的貧困激發(fā)了他們的斗志，使他們更積極地去改變現(xiàn)狀，最終成就別樣人生。由此看來，貧窮并不可怕，可怕的是喪失擺脫貧窮的信心和斗志。窮則思變，就要奮發(fā)圖強(qiáng)，越是貧困越激勵(lì)人奮發(fā)上進(jìn)，這何嘗又不是一筆財(cái)富呢？

簡?愛放棄了自卑，選擇了幸福；卡秋莎放棄了墮落，選擇了重生；安吉爾?克萊放棄了自傲，選擇了苔絲；斐迪南放棄了富貴，選擇了愛情；保爾放棄了茍全，選擇了共產(chǎn)主義事業(yè)；牛虻放棄了生命，選擇了革命。

是的，選擇可能平凡而又樸實(shí)，但其意義卻偉大而又深遠(yuǎn)。正是這一次次心靈的選擇洗掉了人類這個(gè)物種因物欲而蒙上的惡名，鑄就了你堅(jiān)韌而又脫俗的性格，塑造了你高貴而又圣潔的靈魂，堆砌了你生命的一段段高度！

練一練：要求運(yùn)用所講的四種方法中的一種寫一段議論的文字。一只雄獅逮著一只狐貍，但沒有吃它。因?yàn)楹偞饝?yīng)每天逮幾只小動(dòng)物貢獻(xiàn)給獅子。于是，在很長的時(shí)間里獅子足不出戶，天天享受著狐貍送來的食品，舒適得很?？墒怯幸惶旌偸裁匆矝]有帶來，獅子正要責(zé)問狐貍時(shí)，狐貍撲向它，將其咬死。

觀點(diǎn)：懶惰打敗自己

正反對(duì)比法

同是那只獅子，為何開始能逮住狐貍后來反被狐貍吃掉？還是那只狐貍，為何能由開始的被逮到后來的反敗為勝？原因就在于后者勤于“練武”，在抓捕小動(dòng)物的過程中不斷鍛煉自己的技能，強(qiáng)健自己的筋骨，而前者整天過著“飯來張口”的養(yǎng)尊處優(yōu)的生活，肥胖、笨拙已使它喪失了跳躍、格斗的能力?？梢?，害死獅子的不是狐貍，正是它自身的“懶惰”。

假設(shè)推理法

如果這只獅子沒有象足不出戶的嬌小姐那樣整天過著“飯來張口”的養(yǎng)尊處優(yōu)的生活，而是繼續(xù)訓(xùn)練自己滾撲撕咬的能力，它那健壯的肌肉又怎么會(huì)松弛下來變成滿身的肥肉？矯健的動(dòng)作又怎么會(huì)變得“蹣跚”？身體怎么會(huì)由“力拔山兮”變得“弱不禁風(fēng)？一只小小的狐貍又怎么會(huì)傷害到自己？獅死狐口，可見，害死它的不是狐貍，正是它自己的“懶惰”。

因果分析法

號(hào)稱百獸之王的獅子為什么最后死于一只小小的狐貍之手？正是因?yàn)樗爝^著“飯來張口”的養(yǎng)尊處優(yōu)的生活，使得自己的肌肉日漸松弛，身手日益笨拙，逐漸失去了往日百獸之王的雄風(fēng)。可見，害死它的其實(shí)不是狐貍，正是它自己的懶惰?？偠灾?，分析事例的方法還有很多，只要我們?cè)谡莆沾罅克夭牡幕A(chǔ)上，合理地運(yùn)用我們今天所講的假設(shè)推理法、因果分析法和正反對(duì)比法，一定會(huì)使我們的議論走向深入，使議論文出彩！

優(yōu)秀作文

學(xué)會(huì)聆聽

記得有一位美國女作家曾說過，溝通的最高境界就是靜靜地聆聽。的確，聆聽所表現(xiàn)出的正是一種寬容、謙遜的人格，也展示了對(duì)他人的尊重。

每一個(gè)人都有自己認(rèn)知的局限，誰都不敢保證自己比他人所知更多。因此，學(xué)會(huì)了聆聽，你就有了第三只眼來看待自己和這個(gè)世界。

常言道：“當(dāng)局者迷，旁觀者清?！比硕际呛茈y看到自己的背后的，同樣我們的性格中有缺陷的一面在自己的觀察下是極難暴露的。學(xué)會(huì)聆聽，我們得以用他人的眼光審視自己，以此完善我們的人格。子曰：“三人行，必有我?guī)熝?。擇其善者而從之，其不善者而改之?！瘪雎犑峭晟谱晕覍徱曌晕业耐緩健?/p>

微軟公司總裁比爾·蓋茨在一次公司會(huì)議上被一名技術(shù)員指責(zé)公司在網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器的開發(fā)上落后于對(duì)手，蓋茨在沉默了一會(huì)兒后承認(rèn)了他的錯(cuò)誤，并向其他與會(huì)人員道歉，但這也宣告了微軟在經(jīng)營方向上轉(zhuǎn)型的開始。蓋茨后來在談起這件事時(shí)說道：“我不想在面子這個(gè)問題上浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，那是沒有意義的。”“特權(quán)的確會(huì)使人腐化，但我想保持前進(jìn)的動(dòng)力?！鄙w茨從當(dāng)年的毛頭小伙一躍而成為世界首富，這樣的成功并沒有使他的耳朵被塞住，這是否也可以算做他成功的原因之一呢？

聆聽使我們的判斷多了一條途徑，但聆聽卻不能代替分析和判斷，我們不光要學(xué)會(huì)去“聽”，還要有足夠的能力去“擇”。塞納克說過，相信一切人和懷疑一切人的錯(cuò)誤都是一樣的。只要我們的判斷建立在充分思考和分析的基礎(chǔ)上，我們就有理由相信它，并堅(jiān)定地付諸實(shí)踐。走自己的路，讓別人去說吧！

自負(fù)不等于自信。它看似自信，實(shí)際上只是目光狹隘，包容性差的體現(xiàn)。自負(fù)是在以無知作借口，有百害而無一利。

所以我們要在聆聽與自信間找到一個(gè)支點(diǎn)，使我們心中的那桿秤放平。莎士比亞說過：愛

所有人，相信一部分人，從不去傷害任何人。的確，當(dāng)我們用一顆博愛之心去看待世界，我們的心胸就會(huì)更為寬廣，從而用一種自信的態(tài)度來判斷。

學(xué)會(huì)自信，學(xué)會(huì)聆聽，也就學(xué)會(huì)了一種智慧的態(tài)度生活。

[點(diǎn)評(píng)]

本文論證了聆聽他人意見對(duì)于完善自己的人格和事業(yè)的重要意義，同時(shí)區(qū)分“自信”與“自負(fù)”的界限，主張也要學(xué)會(huì)自信。在論述過程中，有引證，有分析，也有典型例子。過渡自然，語言流暢而簡潔，思想有一定深度。

并列式結(jié)構(gòu)例文

穩(wěn)中求勝

梁山智有吳用，道有公孫，武更是好漢如云。英雄如雨，卻以宋江為首。蜀國謀賴孔明，勇讓關(guān)張，卻以劉備為王，東木西金，南水北火，卻以戍土居中。何也？

宋公明為人沉穩(wěn)，劉備做事敦厚，戍土謙穩(wěn)厚實(shí)，終脫穎而出，施展風(fēng)采，各得其所，故曰：為人沉穩(wěn)，穩(wěn)中求勝，吉。

沉穩(wěn)從志而來。一個(gè)人若沒有遠(yuǎn)大的志向，只沉迷于現(xiàn)實(shí)的花花世界之中，自然無法擁有沉穩(wěn)的性格。班超投筆從戎，志在報(bào)國，在對(duì)匈奴一戰(zhàn)中從容不迫，沉穩(wěn)冷靜，終弘揚(yáng)國威，不教胡馬度陰山。林則徐斬釘截鐵，志在禁煙，在與洋人交涉中不卑不亢，穩(wěn)中含剛，終虎門銷煙，讓洋人膽戰(zhàn)心寒。有遠(yuǎn)大的志向，眼光便放得遠(yuǎn)，心胸便沉穩(wěn)下來，故曰：非有志者不能穩(wěn)也。

沉穩(wěn)從難而來。一個(gè)人若沒有經(jīng)歷無數(shù)的挫折與磨難，身陷蜜水與襁褓之中，自然無法擁有沉穩(wěn)的性格，一遇困境，便心浮氣躁，豈能成所謂大事者哉。君不見文王拘而演《周易》，仲尼厄而作《春秋》，左丘失明厥有《國語》，孫子臏腳《兵法》修列。沒有經(jīng)歷磨難，便無法形成沉穩(wěn)的性格，也就無法取得輝煌的成就。始皇建秦以來，不居安思危，身陷聲色犬馬，終心浮氣躁，毫無沉穩(wěn)。一夫作難而七廟隳，身死人手，為天下笑。倘若秦王不念紛奢，經(jīng)歷磨難，以求沉穩(wěn)，則可遞三世以至萬世而為君。

沉穩(wěn)從無欲而來。孟子曰：“無欲者，可王矣。”無欲就是沒有私欲，作大事者，不能因蠅頭私利而毀壞全局，只有這樣才能練就出沉穩(wěn)的性格，贏得最終的勝利。如來佛祖拋除私欲，性格沉穩(wěn)，終修成正果，普渡眾生，諸葛孔明淡泊明志，寧靜致遠(yuǎn)，終運(yùn)籌帷幄，功成名就。有了私欲，心中自然無法沉穩(wěn)下來，遇事則慌，處事則亂。霸王以一己私欲，趕走亞父，氣走韓信，終被困垓下，遺憾千古，長使英雄淚滿襟。霸王之?dāng)?，后人哀之。后人哀之而不鑒之，則必使后人而復(fù)哀后人矣。

宋公明以沉穩(wěn)之心贏得了好漢的擁護(hù)，劉備以沉穩(wěn)之心贏得了半壁江山，而自然界的大山以沉穩(wěn)的性格也在四季中變化出不同的色彩。讓我們擁有一顆和大山一樣沉穩(wěn)的心吧，在我們的人生中也變化出不同的色彩來。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】：這是一篇“規(guī)范”的議論文。文章在亮出中心論點(diǎn)“為人沉穩(wěn)，穩(wěn)中求勝”之后，便從三個(gè)方面展開了充分的論述：“沉穩(wěn)從志而來，沉穩(wěn)從難而來，沉穩(wěn)從無欲而來”。文中所用例證，均采自高中語文課本。文中提到的人物如宋江、劉備、孔明、班超、林則徐、秦始皇、楚霸王等，均為人所熟知。更為難能可貴的是，作者將古典詩文如《出塞》、《過秦論》、《阿房宮賦》及名人如孟子、孔明等的“名句”“信手拈來”，且運(yùn)用得十分熨帖。文章語言簡潔明快、干凈利落。我還想借此指出的是，高中生，一定要立足于寫好規(guī)范的記敘文、議論文。

語言，架起溝通的橋梁

人類與其它動(dòng)物不同的一個(gè)地方是，人類有自己獨(dú)特的語言。語言為人類彼此間的溝通架起了一座橋梁，通過這座橋梁，我們才能了解彼此的需要，感受彼此的心情，分享彼此的悲喜。語言，有時(shí)是化解誤會(huì)的良藥。趙國的大將廉頗妒忌被趙王器重的藺相如，揚(yáng)言要使他難堪，而藺相如卻處處避免與之發(fā)生沖突，眾人不解，藺相如的一句“先國家之急而后私仇”道出了他的用意。這句話亦使廉頗瞬間消除了對(duì)藺相如的偏見，他負(fù)荊請(qǐng)罪，最終與藺相如成為刎頸之交。藺相如的那句擲地有聲的話化成了一座橋梁，使兩位大臣的心得到溝通，使廉頗了解到藺相如高尚的人格?？梢姡Z言，是信息的載體，通過語言，許多誤會(huì)得以消除，不少心靈的隔閡能被沖破。

語言，是傳遞關(guān)愛與理解的信鴿?，F(xiàn)代社會(huì)許多家長常抱怨孩子老是以自我為中心，總是不聽自己的話，許多孩子也埋怨家長老是不理解自己，總是束縛著自己。這種狀況發(fā)生的原因有很多，但最主要的一點(diǎn)是家長與孩子之間的溝通太少。有的家長什么事都不讓孩子做，只要求孩子好好讀書，不要分心，這不能算是關(guān)愛。真正的關(guān)愛應(yīng)該是建立在相互理解的基礎(chǔ)上。有一些家庭會(huì)每天騰出一些時(shí)間來，讓一家人能夠說出各自內(nèi)心所想的和所希望的。父母仔細(xì)聆聽兒女的心聲，兒女默默記住父母的教誨和期望。彼此的了解促進(jìn)了彼此的溝通。語言就像信鴿一樣，把一方的心聲傳送到另一方，從而理解得以建立。家長與孩子之間的理解，令家長找到表達(dá)關(guān)愛的最佳方式，亦令孩子體恤家長，懂得該如何報(bào)答父母。彼此的語言交流，令溝通與理解的大門敞開。

語言上的交流如果不得當(dāng)，就會(huì)造成溝通上的誤解。馮婦葬身火海的寓言，發(fā)人深省，如果語言表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確，這種悲劇完全可以避免發(fā)生。因此，學(xué)好語言的表達(dá)，對(duì)溝通是大有裨益的，架好語言這座溝通的橋梁，我們才能夠更好地彼此理解。

有了語言，溝通才會(huì)變得順暢；有了語言，溝通才會(huì)如此多姿多彩。

評(píng)析： 這篇作文得分情況為：內(nèi)容 24分 表達(dá) 23分 發(fā)展等級(jí) 10分，總分57分。從內(nèi)容上看，本文緊扣“語言與溝通”的關(guān)系展開議論，切合題意，中心突出。先提出中心論點(diǎn)，然后從“語言有時(shí)是化解誤會(huì)的良藥”“語言是傳遞關(guān)愛與理解的信鴿”“語言上的交流如果不得當(dāng)，就會(huì)造成溝通上的誤解”三個(gè)方面展開了論述。藺相如、馮婦一個(gè)正例，一個(gè)反例，相互映襯，對(duì)比鮮明。家長與孩子溝通的事例，既富有生活氣息，又使感情顯得真摯。從表達(dá)上看，本文符合議論文的表達(dá)要求，采用了“總—分—總”的行文思路，條分縷析，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語言流暢。從發(fā)展等級(jí)上看，本文能透過現(xiàn)象深入本質(zhì)，稱得上是一篇認(rèn)識(shí)深刻的議論文。

干事業(yè)需要激情

激情是吹動(dòng)船帆的風(fēng)，沒有風(fēng)船就不能行駛；激情是火箭的推進(jìn)劑，沒有推進(jìn)劑，火箭就難以飛向藍(lán)天。生活告訴我們，靈感可以催生不朽的藝術(shù)，激情能夠創(chuàng)造不凡的業(yè)績；缺乏激情，疲沓渙散，很可能一事無成。因此，我們對(duì)待工作必須始終保持高昂的激情，有了激情，工作才能轟轟烈烈地進(jìn)行。

對(duì)待工作的激情不是心血來潮，興之所至，而是一種覺悟、追求和境界。在實(shí)際工作中，有許多胸懷大志、開拓進(jìn)取、頑強(qiáng)拼搏、埋頭苦干的人，他們始終保持高昂的工作熱情和旺盛的革命干勁，因而工作成效明顯，事業(yè)日新月異。

高昂的激情來自崇高的理想。沒有理想，人就會(huì)失魂落魄。一塊手表可能有最精致的指針，可能鑲嵌了最昂貴的寶石，然而如果缺少了發(fā)條，它仍然一無用處。同樣，一個(gè)人無論是學(xué)富五車，還是健壯高大，如果對(duì)工作毫無激情，甚至連熱情都不足，生命就會(huì)黯然失色。昆蟲學(xué)家法布爾正是因?yàn)橛蝎I(xiàn)身昆蟲學(xué)的崇高理想，正是因?yàn)閷?duì)事業(yè)有著火熱的激情和滿腔的熱忱，才創(chuàng)造出了驕人的成就。

高昂的激情來自強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)任感。責(zé)任感是對(duì)黨和人民事業(yè)的忠誠和熱情。一個(gè)具有高度責(zé)任感的人，會(huì)把工作看成追求和奉獻(xiàn)，滿懷激情地投入工作；一個(gè)喪失責(zé)任感的人，會(huì)把工作當(dāng)做一種負(fù)擔(dān)，自然就會(huì)失去工作的樂趣。田家英同志曾經(jīng)寫過一首詩：“十年京兆一書生，愛書愛字不愛名。一飯膏粱頗不薄，慚愧萬家百姓心?！边@就是一種高度責(zé)任感的寫照。由責(zé)任感激發(fā)出來的力量是巨大的。有了強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)任感，才會(huì)有奮發(fā)有為的精神狀態(tài)，開拓創(chuàng)新，干好事業(yè)。

高昂的激情來自自強(qiáng)不息的追求。“天行健，君子以自強(qiáng)不息?！弊詮?qiáng)不息是激情不斷迸發(fā)的動(dòng)力，是推動(dòng)事業(yè)發(fā)展的加速器。我們所處的時(shí)代是一個(gè)強(qiáng)手如林、競爭激烈的時(shí)代，是一個(gè)日新月異、你追我趕的時(shí)代。我們應(yīng)當(dāng)保持清醒的頭腦，與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，自強(qiáng)不息，克服知足常樂的思想惰性，向著更快更高更強(qiáng)的目標(biāo)前進(jìn)，不斷研究新情況，解決新問題，開辟新境界。

讓我們始終保持奮發(fā)向上的精神狀態(tài)，把高昂的激情投入到工作中去，才能用勤勞的雙手創(chuàng)造幸福的生活和美好的未來。

【簡評(píng)】這是一篇結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)范的議論文。本論部分又設(shè)置了三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)“高昂的激情來自崇高的理想”、“高昂的激情來自強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)任感”、“高昂的激情來自自強(qiáng)不息的追求”，三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)共同論證了中心論點(diǎn)，呈現(xiàn)出并列式結(jié)構(gòu)。整篇文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密，層次分明，脈絡(luò)清楚。

層進(jìn)式結(jié)構(gòu)例文

談自立

時(shí)光漫漫，人類經(jīng)過了多少個(gè)世紀(jì)，多少個(gè)春秋，經(jīng)歷了幾多磨難，幾多曲折，在大地上留下一句震撼人心的警句——要自立。

人要自立。我國教育家陶行之曾說：“滴自己的汗，吃自己的飯，自己的事自己干；靠天，靠人，靠祖上，不算是好漢。”這句話的意思就是要求每個(gè)人都要自立。特別是我們青年學(xué)生，更應(yīng)具有自立自強(qiáng)的精神。那種依賴父母，依賴他人的人，是經(jīng)不起任何考驗(yàn)的?，F(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，一些青年學(xué)生在父母家庭的庇護(hù)下長大，缺乏社會(huì)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，遇事不能獨(dú)立思考，分不清真善美和假丑惡，終于釀成了一幕幕悲劇——多么讓人痛心疾首啊！

個(gè)人要自立，民族也要自立。只有自立，民族才能振興。無數(shù)歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)的事實(shí)證明了這一點(diǎn)。中華民族自古以來勤勞自立，奮斗不息，創(chuàng)造了悠久燦爛的歷史，使我國成為世界文明古國。但到了近代，自從帝國主義打開中國的大門之后，中華民族便喪失了獨(dú)立自主，中國一步步地淪為帝國主義的殖民地，備受外強(qiáng)的蹂躪踐踏。然而，中華人民共和國自成立那天起，就逐步走上了獨(dú)立自主和富強(qiáng)的道路。如今，我們依靠獨(dú)立自主的外交政策，使我國在國際上的地位日益提高。

不僅個(gè)人要自立，民族要自立，人類也要自立。只有自立，人類才能發(fā)展。蘇聯(lián)科學(xué)家齊奧欠科夫斯基說過：“地球是人類搖籃，但是人不能永遠(yuǎn)生活在搖籃里?！边@句話概括出了人類發(fā)展的歷史。人類為了自立因而在人類歷史上，從沒有停止過對(duì)自然的認(rèn)識(shí)和改造。從而使人類從類人猿進(jìn)化成現(xiàn)代人，過上現(xiàn)代文明生活。但是人類如果停止了對(duì)自然的改造，永遠(yuǎn)都靠

地球的賜予生活，那么最終是要走向毀滅的。今天，人類正以不屈不撓的精神探索著宇宙的奧秘，正是為了寫下人類發(fā)展史上更加輝煌的篇章——實(shí)現(xiàn)由必然王國向自由王國的飛躍。

人類的發(fā)展，歷史的事實(shí)告訴我們，個(gè)人要自立，民族要自立，人類要自立。只有自立，個(gè)人才能成長，民族才能自強(qiáng)，人類才能發(fā)展。這就是真理，一條永恒的真理。

【簡評(píng)】本文文理嚴(yán)密，邏輯性強(qiáng)，層進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)十分明顯。文章本論部分先談個(gè)人自立，接著談民族自立，最后談人類自立——層層深入，步步推進(jìn)，把自立的重大意義講得十分深入，透徹。

對(duì)照式結(jié)構(gòu)例文

星星發(fā)光，張揚(yáng)個(gè)性

所謂“無規(guī)矩不成方圓”。這個(gè)圓使我想到了循規(guī)蹈矩，穩(wěn)定，規(guī)范。有人認(rèn)為這樣就是死板，由于偏愛后一個(gè)圖形，認(rèn)為這才是個(gè)性的張揚(yáng)。

什么是個(gè)性的張揚(yáng)呢?周杰倫手舞雙節(jié)棍唱著“哼哼哈兮”是一種個(gè)性；女子十二樂坊站著拉二胡是一種個(gè)性；凡高的《向日葵》又是另外一種個(gè)性??其實(shí)，個(gè)性就是展現(xiàn)自我的風(fēng)采，展現(xiàn)自我的才華，展現(xiàn)自我的見解??我們應(yīng)當(dāng)承認(rèn)，個(gè)性張揚(yáng)有利于個(gè)人的發(fā)展，也有利于社會(huì)的進(jìn)步。然而，時(shí)下卻有一些人一味地去模仿別人，追求所謂的‘時(shí)尚”：一個(gè)“酷”的表情，一個(gè)“炫”的姿態(tài)，這些在我個(gè)人看來，并不是個(gè)性的張揚(yáng)，而是一種膚淺的作秀罷了。試想一下，走在大街上，每個(gè)人都和周杰倫—樣留著一小把胡子，再戴個(gè)墨鏡，擺出一臉的“個(gè)性”，那么我們周圍必定是單調(diào)、黯淡無彩的了，這便又回到了“圓”的圖形，達(dá)成了共性。一味盲目地去模仿別人，便會(huì)失去一些原本屬于自己的真我風(fēng)采。其實(shí)社會(huì)大舞臺(tái)上本來就是豐富多彩的。何必要窮根究底，去爭論紅樓中的花魁呢?不正是有了寶釵的端莊，黛玉的優(yōu)雅，湘云的開朗，妙玉的清高，熙風(fēng)的潑辣，還有那睛雯的俏麗，紫鵑的聰慧，平兒的細(xì)致，大觀園才得以流光《紅樓夢(mèng)》才得以溢彩么?不正是有了這么多性格迥異的人，才構(gòu)成了這個(gè)多元豐富的社會(huì)太舞臺(tái)的嗎?所以，我們所提倡的“個(gè)性張揚(yáng)”必須是針對(duì)自我的內(nèi)在和潛能。只有真誠，誠實(shí)地繡出自我，張揚(yáng)個(gè)性。才能像第二幅圖那樣，變成一顆耀眼璀璨的星星，升起在人生大舞臺(tái)上。

然而，光主張“個(gè)性張揚(yáng)“是不夠的。個(gè)性的張揚(yáng)又必須受”圓”這個(gè)道德與法律的制約。就像高中規(guī)定我們女生不能留長發(fā)，這其實(shí)是對(duì)張揚(yáng)個(gè)性的抑制。但試想一下，眼前一片紅發(fā)、金發(fā)，甚至綠發(fā)，發(fā)型各異，那還叫什么校園啊。學(xué)校之所以制止，是因?yàn)檫@樣“個(gè)性的張揚(yáng)”是不符合“高中生的個(gè)性”的。所以。個(gè)性還必須符合特定的時(shí)代、背景，而這便要受到“圓”這個(gè)規(guī)矩的限制了。當(dāng)然，“圓”的制約還應(yīng)當(dāng)合情合理，賦予“人性”有關(guān)“圓”的規(guī)定還應(yīng)根據(jù)時(shí)代的改變，周圍環(huán)境的改變而做出調(diào)整，只有這樣。個(gè)性的張揚(yáng)才得以理解，得以支持。只有這樣。社會(huì)大舞臺(tái)才得以發(fā)光。豐富多彩，升起的星星才得以與日月同輝!

風(fēng)，從水中掠過，留下粼粼波紋；陽光，從云中穿過，留下絲絲溫暖；歲月，從樹林中走過，留下圈圈年輪，??那么朋友，我們從時(shí)代的大舞臺(tái)上走過。又該留下點(diǎn)什么呢?我們應(yīng)當(dāng)留下青春的驕傲，尋夢(mèng)的足跡；我們應(yīng)當(dāng)留下真我的風(fēng)彩與個(gè)性的張揚(yáng)：我們應(yīng)當(dāng)留下無悔的演繹和星光的燦爛!

第五篇：研究生英語議論文寫作

研究生議論文寫作范文/模板

一、引出開頭

1：it is well-known to us that……（我們都知道……）==as far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知…）

2：recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus.==nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……問題引起了關(guān)注）

4：internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已在我們的生活扮演著越來越重要的角色，它給我們帶來了許多好處但也產(chǎn)生了一些嚴(yán)重的問題）

5：with the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（隨著科技的迅速發(fā)展，越來越多的人認(rèn)為……）

7：a lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎認(rèn)為……）8:it is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...）

二、表達(dá)不同觀點(diǎn)

however, others believe that……（人們對(duì)……的觀點(diǎn)因人而異，有些人認(rèn)為……然而其他人卻認(rèn)為……）

2：people may have different opinions on……（人們對(duì)……可能會(huì)持有不同見解）3：attitudes towards（drugs）vary from person to person.==different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人們對(duì)待吸毒的態(tài)度因人而異）

4:there are different opinions among people as to……（對(duì)于……人們的觀點(diǎn)大不相同）

三、表示結(jié)尾

1：in short, it can be said that……（總之，他的意思是……）

5:there is no doubt that(job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫無疑問，跳槽有優(yōu)點(diǎn)也有缺點(diǎn)）

6：all in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（總之，我們沒有……無法生活，但同時(shí)我們必須尋求新的解決辦法來面對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的新問題）

四、提出建議

1：it is high time that we put an end to the(trend).（該是我們停止這一趨勢(shì)的時(shí)候了）

2：there is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫無疑問，對(duì)……問題應(yīng)予以足夠重視）

3：obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（顯然，如果我們想要做么事，很重要的是……）

4：only in this way can we ……（只有這樣，我們才能……）5：spare no effort to + v（不遺余力的）

五、預(yù)示后果

1：obviously，if we dont control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明顯，如果我們不能控制這一問題，很有可能我們會(huì)陷入危險(xiǎn)）

2：no doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫無疑問，除非我們采取有效措施，否則我們很可能會(huì)……）3：it is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很緊迫的是應(yīng)立即采取措施阻止這一事態(tài)的發(fā)展）

六、表示論證 1：from my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.(在我看來，支持第一種觀點(diǎn)比第二種更

有道理)2：i cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我無法完全同意這一觀點(diǎn)）3：as far as i am concerned/in my opinion,……（就我來說……）4：i sincerely believe that……==i am greatly convinced(that)子句.（我真誠地相信……）

5：finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后，坦率地說，還有另外一個(gè)實(shí)際的原因……）

七、給出原因

1：the reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子（...的原因是...）2:this phenomenon exists for a number of reasons.first,…….second,…….third，……。這一現(xiàn)象存在有很多原因的，第一……第二……第三…… 3：for one thing,…… for another thing，…… ==on the one hand,……on the other hand……一方面……另一方面……

4：i quite agree with the statement that……the reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分贊同這一論述，即……。其主要原因如下。

八、列出解決辦法和批判錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)做法

1：the best way to solve the troubles is……解決這些麻煩的最好辦法是…… 2：as far as something is concerned,……就某事而言，…… 3;it is obvious that……很顯然……

4：it may be true that……but it doesnt mean that……可能……是對(duì)的，但這并不意味著……

5;it is natural to believe that……but we shouldnt ignore that……認(rèn)為……是自然的，但我們不應(yīng)忽視……

6：there is no evidence to suggest that……沒有證據(jù)表明……

九、表示好處和壞處

1：it has the following advantages.它有如下優(yōu)勢(shì)

2：it is beneficial/harmful to us.==it is of great benefit/harm to us.它對(duì)我們有益處

3:it has more disadvantages than advantage.他有很多不足之處

十、表示重要、方便、可能

1：it is important(necessary/difficult/convenient/possible)for sb to do sth.對(duì)于某人做……是……

2：it plays an important role in our life.十一、采取措施

3：we should do our utmost in doing sth.我們應(yīng)該盡力去做……

4：we should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我們應(yīng)該解決我們面臨的困難

十二、顯示變化篇二：研究生學(xué)位英語作文模板

一、學(xué)位英語必背句型

1.as is known /as it is known to all …眾所周知 2.with the pace of modern life increasing….隨著現(xiàn)代生活步伐的加快 3.with the development of modern society…隨著現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的

4.personally i’m in favor of the former/latter view…我個(gè)人偏向于前/后一種觀點(diǎn)

5.there is no doubt that…勿容質(zhì)疑

6.however everything has two sides…任何事物都具有兩方面 7.as a chinese saying goes…正如中國的一句諺語所說 8.the same is the case with sth…也不例外 9.in the appraisal of …在。。的評(píng)價(jià)中

11.according to …there are at least three good reasons…firstly secondly… thirdly….列舉的用法

12.in my opinion, in the appraisal of …it is one-sided to affirm everything or to negate everything.we should appreciate the great contribution made by them, and at the same time pay enough attention to the problems caused by them。

我認(rèn)為，在對(duì)….的評(píng)價(jià)中，完全的肯定任何事情和否認(rèn)任何事情都是片面的。我們?cè)谛蕾p到他們做出的巨大的貢獻(xiàn)的同時(shí)也要更加注意他們帶來的問題。

二、學(xué)位英語作文速成模板

1）要求論述兩個(gè)對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)并給出自己的看法。1.有一些人認(rèn)為… 2.另一些人認(rèn)為…… 3.我的看法……

while others think that b is a better choice in the following three reasons.firstly,-----------------(支持b的理由一).secondly(besides),⑥------------------（理由二）.thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).from my point of view, i think ⑧----------------（我的觀點(diǎn)）.the reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因).as a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.for me, the former is surely a wise choice.2）給出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，要求考生反對(duì)這一觀點(diǎn)

some people believe that ①----------------（觀點(diǎn)一）.for example, they think ②-----------------（舉例說明）．a(chǎn)nd it will bring them ③---------------(為他們帶來的好處).in my opinion, i never think this reason can be the point.for one thing,④-------------(我不同意該看法的 問題解決型作文模版

（一）【寫作模版】

（1）because of __________, great changes have been taken place in______.（2）particularly,_____________.（3）besides,_____________.（4）as we know, there are several ways for ________ to_______ choose.（5）above all, ____________.（6）secondly,________________.（7）furthermore,_____________.（8）and finally,_______________.（9）as far as i am concerned,___________.（10）in the first place,______________.（11）in the second place,______________.（12）therefore,_________________.【模版要素】（1）問題出現(xiàn)的背景

（2）提出問題

（3）對(duì)問題進(jìn)一步解釋說明

（4）提出解決問題的方法

（5）方法一

（6）方法二

（7）方法三

（8）方法四

（9）我的做法

（10）論點(diǎn)一

（11）論點(diǎn)二

（12）總結(jié)全文

【模版例文】 how i overcame difficulties in learning english like many other english learners, i found a lot of difficulties in learning english.firstly, i found it difficult to understand what i read because most english words have more than one these experiences have turned out to be effective.i am feeling very confident in myself while sitting here for passing my degree english today.道理闡述型作文模版

（一）【寫作模版】

（1）it is well-accepted that________.（2）for instance, ________.（3）besides, ________.（4）furthermore, ________.（5）not to mention________.（6）in spite of all these, ________.（7）to begin with, ________.（8）at the same time, ________.（9）finally________.（10）thu_________.（11）in short, ________.（12）it pays to________.【模版要素】

（1）提出主題或現(xiàn)象

（2）舉例1（3）舉例2（4）舉例3（5）舉例4（6）主題詞

（7）論證1（8）論證2（9）論證3（10）小結(jié)上文

（11）總結(jié)全文

（12）深化主題，回應(yīng)全文

【模版例文】

1n spite of all these, honesty is always regarded as an important part of the human character.to begin with, if you treat others fairly, those associating with you will certainly profit from your sincerity.at the same time, a sense of trust builds up in their hearts, which, in turn, will earn you more true friends.finally, that will benefit you in the long run.thus it is essential for everyone to maintain an honest attitude towards the whole society.in short, honesty wins trust, respect and honor.it pays to be honest.篇三：2015考研英語 作文寫作經(jīng)典模板50句(一)注：橫線部分可替換

1.______is now being questioned by more and more people.______正受到越來越多人的質(zhì)疑。

2.although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use ______are decreasing and ______is bound to die out.the information ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that ______will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.盡管許多人認(rèn)為隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，用______的人數(shù)會(huì)減少，______可能會(huì)消亡，然而，這幾年我收集的一些信息讓我相信_(tái)_____仍然會(huì)繼續(xù)在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)發(fā)揮極其重要的作用。3.experts point out that increasing______not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.專家指出：持續(xù)增加的污染不僅會(huì)導(dǎo)致像全球變暖這樣嚴(yán)重的問題，而且還將威脅到人類在這個(gè)星球的生存。

4.in view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like______are more important than any time before.考慮到這些嚴(yán)重的狀況，我們比以往任何時(shí)候更需要像______這樣的環(huán)保型交通工具。5.using______contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as______使用______有助于人們的身體健康，并______。

6.despite many obvious advantages of______, it is not without its problem.盡管______有許多明顯的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是它也存在它的問題。______不僅僅是一件電器;它是表達(dá)的手段和交流的載體，并因此成為聯(lián)系他人的有力工具。

8.from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of ______far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.通過以上討論，我們可以得出結(jié)論：______的優(yōu)點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于缺點(diǎn)，并且在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)它仍將發(fā)揮重要作用。

9.there is a general discussion these days ______over in many colleges and institutes.one of the questions under debate is whether ______is______ 當(dāng)前在高校和研究機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)教育存在著大量爭論，其中一個(gè)問題就是______是否是個(gè)______ 10.this issue has caused wide public concern.這個(gè)問題已經(jīng)引起了廣泛關(guān)注。

11.it must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.必須指出學(xué)習(xí)只能靠自己。

12.a large number of people tend to live under the illusion that______.obviously,they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that______許多人存在這樣的誤解，認(rèn)為______。顯然，他們忽視了______這一基本事實(shí)。13.as for me, im in favor of the opinion that e______ , for the following reasons: 就我而言，我同意教育不應(yīng)該隨著畢業(yè)而結(jié)束的觀點(diǎn)，有以下原因： 人們普遍認(rèn)為______ 15.as for me, the declining of is not a bad thing;it is the natural result of progress of society.我認(rèn)為，的消亡不一定是壞事，這是社會(huì)進(jìn)步的自然結(jié)果。

人們普遍認(rèn)為我們的現(xiàn)代科技使我們的社會(huì)發(fā)生了巨大的變化，近幾十年人類在科技方面取得了驚人的進(jìn)步。

17.now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.現(xiàn)在越來越多的人開始相信學(xué)習(xí)新的技術(shù)和知識(shí)能直接幫助他們獲得工作就會(huì)或提升的機(jī)會(huì)。

18.an investigation shows that______ 一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示______ 19.however, ______is now being questioned by more and more experts,who point out that it is unhealthy for__________________ 然而，______正遭受越來越多的專家的質(zhì)疑，他們指出，____________ 20.for people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful lifestyle, it is important to find time to______，just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.對(duì)于那些想過上健康而有意義的生活的人們來說，找時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)一些新知識(shí)是很重要的，正如那句老話：活到老，學(xué)到老。