第一篇：2017考研英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子功能小結(jié)（大全）

http:// 2017考研英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子功能小結(jié)

考研英語(yǔ)中，雖然沒(méi)有直接考察語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，但是會(huì)通過(guò)閱讀能力的考察來(lái)檢測(cè)考生語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的掌握程度。如果大家語(yǔ)法掌握不好，對(duì)一些長(zhǎng)難句就不可能正確理解，文章自然讀不懂，在做題目的時(shí)候不得不猜測(cè)答案，正確率也便大大降低了。所以掌握基本的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)是必須的，我們?cè)趥淇嫉淖畛蹼A段一定要重視與考研相關(guān)的語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)。下面，我們來(lái)談一下考試中最常見(jiàn)的一種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象——非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。

大家都知道，一個(gè)小句中只能有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如果表意時(shí)需要用到另外一個(gè)動(dòng)詞形式，這時(shí)候需要用動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式，主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）。比如，我想要喝水。想要是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，喝水是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，那么我們?cè)趯?xiě)句子時(shí)就需要將一個(gè)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，寫(xiě)成I want to drink water。其中，to drink water作want的賓語(yǔ)。顧名思義，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中不能夠充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)。那么它能夠充當(dāng)哪些句子成分呢？大家來(lái)看一下考研閱讀中出現(xiàn)的幾個(gè)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的例子。

1.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.reforming the system動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)

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2.Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.to implement them不定式作狀語(yǔ)

3.I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.associated with the company過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)

4.It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get.terrifying，embarrassing 現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)，to get不定式作狀語(yǔ)。

通過(guò)上面的例子，我們來(lái)做一個(gè)小結(jié)：

1．動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞有名詞的作用，在句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。

2．動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞有形容詞的作用，在句中做定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

3．動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞有副詞的作用，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。見(jiàn)下表。

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最后，給大家一個(gè)小建議，大家在寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中，如果想要使得自己的句式更為高級(jí)，可以使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，這樣可以用較少的文字表達(dá)較為豐富的含義。如果大家想了解更多考研英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，可以登錄文都網(wǎng)校，參考2017年考研公共課一對(duì)一高端輔導(dǎo)專(zhuān)屬定制課程。持之以恒，注意積累，相信大家的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)水平會(huì)有進(jìn)一步的提升。

第二篇：英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

主語(yǔ)subject 謂語(yǔ)predicate 賓語(yǔ)object 表語(yǔ)predicative 定語(yǔ)attributive 狀語(yǔ)adverbial adjunct 補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)complement 同位語(yǔ)appositive

英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解及練習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等三種形式，即：

doing , done , to do , doing。當(dāng)然它們有各自不同的變化形式，如：

現(xiàn)在分詞 doing : 有being done（被動(dòng)式）;having done（完成式）;having been do ne（完成被動(dòng)式）

不定式

to do : 有to be done（被動(dòng)式）;to have done（完成式）;to be doing（進(jìn)行式）

動(dòng)名詞

doing : 有having done（完成式）;being done（被動(dòng)式）;

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)： 三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有動(dòng)詞的特征，雖然它們沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，但是它們都能帶自己的狀語(yǔ)或有時(shí)跟賓語(yǔ)。它們都有各自的特征：分詞具有形容詞和副詞的特征；動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的特征；不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征。具體來(lái)講：分詞在句子中可以做定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等；動(dòng)名詞在句子中可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等；不定式在句子中可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。

下面分別對(duì)三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行講解： 一．

動(dòng)詞不定式

先看幾個(gè)例句，判斷不定式在句中的成分。1．To learn a foreign language is difficult.2． His wish is to be a driver.3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises.5．I have nothing to say.6．They went to see their aunt.7．It’s easy to see their aunt.8．I don’t know what to do next.9．I heard them make a noise.說(shuō)明：1．動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ), 2.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ),3.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ),4．動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，5．動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ),6．動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ),7．動(dòng)詞不定式作真正主語(yǔ)，it 代替動(dòng)詞不定式，作形式主語(yǔ)。8．帶有連接代詞的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ),9．不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

掌握動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：

1． “to” 是不定式符號(hào)還是介詞，下列短語(yǔ)中的to 都是介詞。

agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ，equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to

2． 帶to 還是不帶to

I have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the classroom.（但是： He was seen to enter the classroom.）

3． 動(dòng)詞不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)是由for 作為標(biāo)記的。但是有時(shí)用of.It’s necessary for you to study hard.It’s foolish of him to do it.與of 連用的形容詞有：

good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible 4．后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：

want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不能用動(dòng)詞不定式直接做介詞的賓語(yǔ)，而要用it做形式賓語(yǔ)。例如：通常不說(shuō)We think to obey the laws is important.而說(shuō)We think it important to obey the laws.5．不定式的省略。下列短語(yǔ)中，如果意義明確，常常省略到to。

want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o ught to , need to , used to , be able to 6．不定式作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)注意兩種關(guān)系： 1）動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：

He has a lot of meeting to attend.Please lend me something to write with.He is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live in.He has no money and no place to live(in).I think the best way to travel(by)is on foot.There is no time to think(about).2）主謂關(guān)系：

She is always the last(person)to speak at the meeting.----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post.(邏輯主語(yǔ)是I)-------Thank you.But I have no letters to be posted now

(邏輯主語(yǔ)不是I)7．不定式作狀語(yǔ)，可以有以下幾種意義： 1）原因

He is lucky to get here on time.這種結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有：

happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious.lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy

2)目的

He came to help me with my maths.3)結(jié)果

I hurried to get there only to find him out.The book is too hard for the boy to read.He is old enough to go to school.8.不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

I saw him play in the street just now.能跟不帶to 的不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：

see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 當(dāng)這些詞為被動(dòng)式時(shí)，不定式要帶to , 如：

He was seen to play in the street just now.二．動(dòng)名詞

Learning English is very difficult.學(xué)英語(yǔ)非常困難。

His job is driving a bus.他的工作是開(kāi)車(chē)。I enjoy dancing.我喜歡跳舞。

I have got used to living in the country.我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了住農(nóng)村。

Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep.吃點(diǎn)安眠藥，你很快就會(huì)入睡。注意以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：

1．There’s no telling what will happen.=It’s impossible to tell what will happen.= No one can tell what will happen.2．It’s no use talking with him.It’s no good speaking to them like that.3．There’s some difficulty(in)doing … 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下單詞替換: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 注意以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：

1．下列動(dòng)詞后跟不定式與跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意義有區(qū)別，forget to do … 忘記要做某事 forget doing… 忘記做了某事 remember to do…記住要做某事 remember doing …記著做了某事 mean to do …

有意要做某事 mean doing …

意味著做了某事 regret to do … 對(duì)要做的事表示后悔 regret doing … 對(duì)做過(guò)去的事后悔 can’t help to do…不能幫助做某事 can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事 try to do …

盡力去做某事 try doing

試著做某事 learn to do …

學(xué)著去做某事 learn doing …

學(xué)會(huì)做某事

stop to do …

停下來(lái)去做（另一件事）stop doing …

停止做某事 go on to do …

接著做（另外一件事）go on doing … 繼續(xù)做某事 used to do …

過(guò)去做某事 be used to doing …習(xí)慣做某事

2．動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)意義有區(qū)別 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表達(dá)

n+ for doing 的含義

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表達(dá) n+which(who)be doing的含義 如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which is running 前者是動(dòng)名詞，后者是現(xiàn)在分詞

又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy 3． 動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)：

動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為代詞或名詞的所有格形式。例如：His coming made us very happy.4．動(dòng)名詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)

5． 動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)的情況：

need doing , want doing , require doing

例如： This room needs painting.這個(gè)房間需要粉刷。6．只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：

admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit.practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ，三． 分詞 The story is interesting.I’m interested in it.這個(gè)故事有興趣，我對(duì)這個(gè)故事感興趣。2.This is a moving film.這是一部動(dòng)人的電影。

3.The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president.秘書(shū)工作到深夜，為主席準(zhǔn)備一篇長(zhǎng)篇演講稿。4.Given more time , I’ll do it well.如果給我多一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我會(huì)做的更好。

When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.當(dāng)他后街時(shí)，看到小偷正從銀行偷錢(qián)。應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：

1．現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別

Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?

= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing country and America is a developed country.2．分詞作表語(yǔ) The news sounds encouraging.They got very excited.1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： The news is interesting.He is interested in he news t.doing 作表語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系 ；done 作表語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。2）表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)式的區(qū)別：

The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming.（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）

The blackboard is broken.You’d better have it repaired.（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）3）常作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞：

amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done

3．現(xiàn)在分詞、動(dòng)名詞 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別

The situation in our country is encouraging.(表語(yǔ))The situation in our country is encouraging the people.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))My job is looking after the little baby.(動(dòng)名詞)能回答how-question 的是現(xiàn)在分詞，能回答what-question 的動(dòng)名詞，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging.What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby.4．注意的四種結(jié)構(gòu)：

have something to do 有某事要做 have something done 使某事被做

have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have something doing 讓某事一直做著 5． 需要跟反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞： seat , prepare , hide , dress

如：I seated myself on the chair.I was seated on the chair.6．分詞做狀語(yǔ)與不定式的區(qū)別：

分詞做狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件、方式、伴隨等；而不定式表示目的和結(jié)果。Having finished the homework , I went home.（時(shí)間）Being a Party member , I should work hard.（原因）Given more time ,I can do my work better.（條件）He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy.（伴隨）

To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder.(目的)He is old enough to join the army.（結(jié)果）7．分詞、動(dòng)名詞和不定式作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

a running horse 現(xiàn)在分詞 = a horse that is running a fallen leaf 過(guò)去分詞 = a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick 動(dòng)名詞 = a stick for walking

something to do 不定式 = something that I should do 8．不定式被動(dòng)式、分詞的被動(dòng)式和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別： I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting.(將來(lái))The building being built on the river is the Science Museum.（正在進(jìn)行）The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions.（過(guò)去）9．分詞做狀語(yǔ)需要注意的一個(gè)問(wèn)題：

分詞與句子主語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系

Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful.(錯(cuò)誤)Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful.（正確）

Seeing 與the city 不是主謂關(guān)系；seen 與city 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 練習(xí)

I.單項(xiàng)選擇

1.Most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting

2.______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.A.Having being told B.Though had been told C.He was told D.Having told

3.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.testing C.to rest D.rest 4.The next morning she found the man ______ in bed , dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying

5.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _______ it more difficult.A.to make B.not to make C.not making D.to not make 6.The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 7.---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.----Well , now I regret ____________that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks , _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added 9._______ a reply , he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 10.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself ________.A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard

Robert is said ___ abroad , but I don’t know what country be studied in.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying II.用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空

1.Little Tom should love ________(take)to the theatre this evening.2.Paul doesn’t have to be made _______(learn).He always works hard.3.The computer centre , ______(open)last year , is very popular among the students in this school.4.Go on _____(do)the other exercise after you have finished this one.5.How about two of us ______(take)a walk down the garden.答案： I 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.D II 1.to be taken;2.to learn;3.opened;4.to do;5.taking

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞練習(xí): 1.I really appreciate ________ to relax with you on this nice island.A.to have had time

B.having time

C.to have time

D.to having time 2.Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.A.admit

B.admitted

C.admitting

D.to admit 3.In order to gain a bigger share in the International market, many state-run companies are striving _________ their products more competitive.A.to make

B.making

C.to have made

D.having made 4.When_______, the museum will be open to the public next year.A.completed

B.completing

C.being completed

D.to be completed 5.Having a trip abroad a certain good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see

B.to be seen

C.seeing

D.seen 6.The manager, ________ his factory products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.A.knowing

B.known

C.to know

D.being known 7.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction.A.seeing

B.having seen

C.to have seen

D.to see 8.The discovery of new evidence led to ______.A.the thief having caught

B.catch the thief

C.the thief being caught

D.the thief to be caught 9.He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket a passenger.A.put

B.to be putting

C.to put

D.putting 10.Victor apologized for _______ to inform me the change in the plan.A.his being not able

B.him not to be able

C.his not being able

D.him to be not able 11.Suddenly, a tall man _________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared

B.seized;disappeared

C.seizing;disappearing

D.seized;disappearing 12._______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To wait

B.Have waited

C.Having waited

D.To have waited 13.Don’t leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth.A.run

B.running

C.being run

D.to run 14.The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A.causing

B.being caused

C.to be caused

D.to have caused 15.The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attracted the visitors to the beauty nature.A.to smell

B.smelling

C.smelt

D.to be smelt 16.If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ________ it---you have got some big bills coming.A.forget

B.forgot

C.forgetting

D.to forget 17.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film star had already left.A.to tell

B.to be told

C.telling

D.told 18.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam.A.pass

B.to pass

C.passed

D.passing 19.You were silly not ________ your car.A.to lock

B.to have locked

C.locking

D.having locked 20.________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.A.Compare

B.When comparing

C.Comparing

D.When compared 21.________ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to his boss for advice.A.To face

B.Having faced

C.Faced

D.Facing 22.The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area.A.caused

B.to have caused

C.to cause

D.having caused 23.Having been attacked by terrorists, _________.A.doctors came to their rescue

B.the tall building collapsed

C.an emergency measure was taken

D.warnings were given to the tourists 24.-----English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?

-----Yes, ________ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to communicate and read.A.Know

B.Knowing

C.To know

D.Known 25.While watching TV, ________.A.the doorbell rang

B.the doorbell rings

C.we heard the doorbell ring

D.we heard the doorbell rings 26.It is necessary to be prepared for a job interview.________ the answer ready will be of great help.A.To have had

B.Having had

C.Have

D.Having 27.I couldn’t do my home work with all that noise _________.A.going on

B.goes on

C.went on

D.to go on 28.I don’t want ________ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.A.to sound

B.to be sounded

C.sounding

D.to have sounded 29.At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ________ down to eat our picnic lunch.A.sitting

B.having sat

C.to sit

D.sat 30.I really can’t understand _________ her like that.A.you treat

B.you to treat

C.why treat

D.your treating 31.The bank is reported in the local newspaper__________ in broad daylight yesterday.A.being robbed

B.having been robbed

C.to have been robbed

D.robbed 32.________ all over the hills and around the lake are wild flowers of different kinds.A.To grow

B.Growing

C.Grown

D.Grow 33.If the building project ________ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.A.being completed

B.is completed

C.to be completed

D.completed 34.Mrs.Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had ________ went wrong again.A.it repaired

B.to be repaired

C.repair

D.repaired 35.No one had told Smith about __________ a lecture the following day.A.there being

B.there be

C.there would be

D.there was 36.I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is , than ______ a room with someone else.A.share

B.to share

C.sharing

D.to have shared 37.Taking this kind of medicine, if ________, will surely produce side effect.A.continue

B having continued

C.continuing

D.continued 38._______ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.A.The girl was educated

B.The girl educated

C.The girl’s educating

D.The girl’s being educated 39._________ hardly made Allan pay any attention to _________ his mistakes.A.Scolding;correcting

B.Being scolded;correct

C.Being scolded;correcting

D.Having been scolded;correct 40.Joe stopped eating chocolate, and he went back ___________ again.A.to smoking

B.to smoke

C.smoking

D.smoke 41.A Brazilian mask maker has finished two models of mask of Iraqi ex-president Saddam Hussein, one of him in power and one of him when _________ by US soldiers.A.caught

B.catching

C.to be caught

D.to catch 42.-----What happened to you on your way back to the hotel last night?

-----I lost my way in complete darkness and, __________ things worse, it began to pour.A.making

B.to make

C.having made

D.made 43.------Did you forget to mention my name or fear something when you applied for an instructor?

------I meant ________, but they ________ favorites of the people in the power.A.to have mentioned;were

B.to have;are

C.mentioning;have been

D.to have been mentioned;had been 44.With no rain for three months and food supplies __________ out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse.A.run

B.running

C.to run

D.to be run 45.________ his age, he did it quite well, so don’t _______ him any more.A.Given;blame

B.Considered;say

C.To regard;scold

D.Considering;speak 46.The two scientists have discovered 65 of the more than 100 planets______ orbiting other stars.A.have been found

B.have found

C.to be found

D.found 47.The bird flu _______ through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far, _______ 16.A.sweeps;killed

B.swept;killing

C.sweeping;to kill

D.sweeping;killing 48.The speech which he made ________ the football match bored a lot of fans to death.A.being concerned

B.be concerned

C.concerned

D.concerning 49.Having no money but _______ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A.no to want anyone

B.wanted no one

C.not wanting anyone

D.to want no one 50.A remote-controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, ______ at least 20 people.A.having been injured

B.having injured

C.injuring

D.injured 51.-----What’s matter with Tim?

------Oh.Tim’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ______ again.A.to find

B.to be found

C.finding

D.being found 52.Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office but our work _______, we refused the offer.A.not finishing

B.had not been finished

C.not having finished

D.not being finished 53.Though ___________ nature resources, the area is well developed.A.lacked

B.lacking of

C.lacking

D.lacked in 54.What worried me most was ________to go abroad alone.A.my not allowing

B.having not allowed

C.my being not allowed

D.my not being allowed 55.My job was to wash bottles, which would then be filled with wine, or _______ the filled bottles in boxes.A.to put

B.putting

C.having put

D.being put

Answer: 1-5 BAAAB

6-10 ADCDC

11-15 DCBCB

16-20 ABDBD

21-25CDBAC

26-30 DAADD

31-35CBCDA

36-40 ADDAA

41-45ABBBA

46-50DDDCC 51-55 BDCDA

第三篇：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

初中英語(yǔ)分類(lèi)練習(xí)

——非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式，而不是作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞形式。動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式分為動(dòng)名詞，分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing..., 動(dòng)名詞起名詞作用）

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.（wearing..分詞起形容詞作用）

He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch...不定式起副詞作用)

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：

1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，而非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。

Miss Mary teaches us English.瑪麗教我們英語(yǔ)。（teaches 動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)）

Mr.Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have a talk....不定式作狀語(yǔ)）

2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞受主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的限制，而非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式?jīng)]有這種限制。

Mike likes the pop music.（動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)形式）

Lucy has nothing to do today。（do 用原形）

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特征：如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，后面須跟賓語(yǔ)。

Studying English is my favorite.（studying 后跟賓語(yǔ)）

To help him is my duty.幫助他是我的責(zé)任。（help 后跟賓語(yǔ)）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以帶有自己的狀語(yǔ)或邏輯主語(yǔ)。

Working under such a condition is terrible.(under such a condition 是 working 的狀語(yǔ)）It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.（for him 作不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍有語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.（Seen from...是分詞的被動(dòng)形式）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中可以當(dāng)成名詞或者形容詞來(lái)使用。

Our coming made him happy.（coming 起名詞作用）

There are two big swimming pools here.(swimming 起形容詞作用)

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式變化：

不定式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)

一般to writeto be written

進(jìn)行to be writing

完成to have writtento have been written

完成進(jìn)行to have been writing

現(xiàn) 在 分 詞主動(dòng)被動(dòng)

一般writingbeing written

完成having writtenhaving been written

過(guò)去分詞主動(dòng)被動(dòng)

一般written

動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)被動(dòng)

一般writing being written

完成having writtenhaving been written●動(dòng) 詞 不 定 式：

動(dòng)詞不定式是由 to + 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，在句中起名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用，可以擔(dān)任除謂語(yǔ)以外的其它任何成分。

1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)：

To mast a language is not an easy thing.To teach English is my favorite.It's my pleasure to help you.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)放在原主語(yǔ)的位置上。

It's very kind of you to have given us much help.你給了我們那么多的幫助真是太好了。

It's necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目擊者。

2.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)：

某些及物動(dòng)詞可以用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，這些動(dòng)詞有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.What I wish is to learn English well.I like to help others if I can.3.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。

We expect you to be with us.我們希望你和我們?cè)谝黄稹?/p>

Please ask him to come here quickly.請(qǐng)叫他快過(guò)來(lái)。

4.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ) ：

What I should do is to finish the task soon.我應(yīng)該做的是趕快完成任務(wù)。

The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.當(dāng)務(wù)之急是馬上去找孩子。

5.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)：

There are many ways to solve the problem.有許多方法能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告訴你。

6.不定式作狀語(yǔ)：

We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我們?nèi)メt(yī)院看了我們的老師。

She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.她在做試驗(yàn)，從一種西藏花中提取某種有用的藥物。

動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式：

not + to + 動(dòng)詞原形

The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老師告訴我們不要在那條河里游泳。

It's unfair not to tell us.沒(méi)告訴我們真是不公平。

帶疑問(wèn)詞的不定式：

疑問(wèn)詞who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，使含義更加具體。

Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方還不知道。

I don't know when to begin.我不知道什么時(shí)間開(kāi)始。

Can you tell me where to get the battery.你能告訴我哪兒能買(mǎi)到電池嗎？

Do you know how to get to the station.你知道怎樣去車(chē)站嗎？

帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的不定式：

動(dòng)詞不定式可以帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成方法是： for + 邏輯主語(yǔ) + 不定式。

注意：邏輯主語(yǔ)用賓格形式，for 本身無(wú)實(shí)際意義，它只表明后面的主語(yǔ)從邏輯上分析是不定式的主語(yǔ)。It's necessary for us to help each other.我們互相幫忙是必要的。

There are much work for me to finish, 有許多工作要我去完成。

動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式： 表示不定式動(dòng)詞同所修飾的名詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

He is the man to be examined.他是受檢查的人。

There are much work to be done.有好多工作要做。

●動(dòng) 名 詞

動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞原形 + ing 構(gòu)成，同現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，在句中可作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。

1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)：

Talking like that is not polite.Learning from others is important.Putting on more clothes is not so good.（注：動(dòng)名詞可以象動(dòng)詞不定式一樣，用 it 先行祠代替，而把動(dòng)名詞寫(xiě)在后面。

It's no use waiting here, let's go home.It's very difficult climbing this mountain.2)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)

The nurse's job is looking after the patients.Seeing is believing.3)動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)

有些動(dòng)詞須用動(dòng)名詞來(lái)作賓語(yǔ),它們是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.Please stop smoking in the house.I like reading in the forest.Do you mind my opening the windows?

4）動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)

She is studying in the reading room.He slept in the sleeping bag.（動(dòng)名詞的否定形式：not + 動(dòng)名詞

He pretend not knowing it at all.他假裝全然不知。

We considered not doing it now.我們考慮現(xiàn)在不做這件事。

動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式 ：

（當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞和它的邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示。）

His being looked down upon made him sick.I can't really stand being treated like that.動(dòng)名詞的幾種特殊情況：

1)有些動(dòng)詞的后面能跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，有些動(dòng)詞能跟不定式，有些兩者都可以，它們的具體含義有時(shí)還不一樣。

能跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞有：

avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。

能跟不定式的動(dòng)詞有：

decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟動(dòng)名詞和不定式的動(dòng)詞有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,動(dòng)詞后面跟動(dòng)名詞還是不定式，含義不相同，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，表示習(xí)慣的，一般性的動(dòng)作多跟動(dòng)名詞，一次性的具體的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作多跟不定式。

I like to go with you.我想和你一塊兒去。

I like reading.He promised to help her.We love watching VCD.2)remember, forget, regret后面跟動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，后面跟不定式時(shí)，不定式表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。

I remember meeting him in the street.I remember to write a letter to my parents.3)“stop + 動(dòng)名詞”表示停止動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作，“stop + 不定式”表示停下來(lái)做不定式所表示的動(dòng)作。

Stop smoking, please.請(qǐng)不要抽煙。

Let's stop to have a rest.咱們停下來(lái)休息一下吧。

4)動(dòng)名詞和分詞的區(qū)別：

動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞和它所修飾的詞沒(méi)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞和它所修飾的詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

reading text 閱讀課文 〔動(dòng)名詞〕 developing country 發(fā)展中國(guó)家 〔分詞〕

a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔動(dòng)名詞〕 boiled water 開(kāi)水 〔分詞〕

●分 詞

分詞是由動(dòng)詞 +ing 或 動(dòng)詞 + ed 構(gòu)成，它在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用，可以作定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)。workingworkedwashingwashed

分詞可分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種，現(xiàn)在分詞的形式同動(dòng)名詞一樣，在動(dòng)詞后面加 ing。而過(guò)去分詞的形式則在動(dòng)詞后面加 ed.分詞在句中可作定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。

1.分詞作定語(yǔ)

China is a developing country.That's an interesting story.The girl singing for us is ten years old.作定語(yǔ)的分詞要放在被修飾的名詞之前，如果是分詞詞組則放在被修飾的名詞之后，如被修飾的名詞是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分詞放在被修飾名詞的后面。

The working people have played a great role in the activity.The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.There is nothing interesting.沒(méi)什么有趣的事。

分詞和動(dòng)名詞都可以作定語(yǔ)，判斷是分詞還是動(dòng)名詞，可以根據(jù)它們和被修飾詞有無(wú)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系來(lái)判斷，有主謂關(guān)系的是分詞，否則判斷為動(dòng)名詞。

a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分詞）

a swimming pool 游泳的池子（動(dòng)名詞）

2.分詞作狀語(yǔ)

Being a student, he likes to help others.Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.She is there waiting for us.Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.3.分詞作表語(yǔ)

The story is interesting.We are interested in computer.The glass is broken.The water is boiled.4.分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

可以跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。I saw him walking in the street.I heard them singing in the classroom.We found the boy sleeping.have 后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用過(guò)去分詞常表示動(dòng)作不是句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的，而是由別人做的。I have my hair cut.我理發(fā)了。（是別人給我理發(fā)）

She has her bike repaired.她把自行車(chē)修理了。（別人修理的）

They have their house rebuilt.他們重修了房子。

分詞的否定形式。not + 分詞

Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.不知道下一步干什么，她停下來(lái)等著。

Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school.小女孩沒(méi)完成作業(yè)不敢去學(xué)校。

分詞的時(shí)態(tài) 分詞的一般時(shí)表示動(dòng)作同謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或之前發(fā)生。

Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.看到老師進(jìn)來(lái)，學(xué)生們停下來(lái)不玩了。

Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.回到家后，他就躺在床上。

分詞的完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面發(fā)生。

Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。

Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.晚飯后，我出去散步了。

Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.他知道自己比賽獲勝，高興地把帽子扔上了天。

分詞的被動(dòng)形式 分詞的被動(dòng)形式表示分詞動(dòng)作同所修飾的名詞有一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系。The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.正在建設(shè)的娛樂(lè)大樓明年完工。

第四篇：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1.There ______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.A.wasB.beingC.wereD.had been

2.The policeman rushed into the room only ______ an old lady lying on the ground.A.foundB.findC.findingD.to find

3.The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.A.closing;tremblingB.closed;trembling

C.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

4.______, the girls raced on to the second runners.A.Stick in handB.With a stick in her hand

C.Sticks in handD.Sticks in hands

5.Each of them got up early ______ to catch the early bus.A.to hopeB.hopingC.so thatD.and

6.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.heardC.hearD.to hear

7.We should prevent pollution ______ happily.A.from livingB.livingC.to livingD.to live

8.I am busy now, so I can’t help ______ the machine.A.repairB.to have repairedC.repairingD.fixing

9.Jane came very close ______ a gold medal for Britain in the Olympics.A.to winB.winningC.to winningD.to be won

10.The boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______ to his father.A.turningB.to turnC.to be turnedD.turned

11.----By the way, when did you get your bedroom ______?

----Last week.A.to paintB.paintedC.paintingD.to be painted

12.He likes ______, but he doesn’t like ______ today because it is too cold.A.to swim;to swimB.swimming;swimming

C.to swim;swimmingD.swimming;to swim

13.There is ______ what the weather will be like.A.not knowingB.no knowingC.not knowD.no known

14.The novel is said ______ into many languages.A.to translateB.being translated

C.to have been translatedD.having been translated

15.I’m examining the composition he has just finished ______ the possible mistakes in it.A.correctingB.to correctC.correctedD.correct

16.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go

C.for risk to goD.risk going

17.He spent as much time as he could _____ the child.A.teachingB.to teachC.teachD.for teaching

18.----Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

----I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor.A.hadB.wouldC.was going toD.did

19.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.to hearC.heardD.hear

20.______ the room, a letter was laid on the ground.A.EnteringB.Having entered

C.He enteredD.Mrs Green entering

21.They set out ______ for the ______ boy.A.searching;losingB.searching;lost

C.to search;lostD.to search;missed

22.______ her mother had come, her face lit up.A.HearingB.Having heard

C.When hearingD.When she heard

23.They arrived at their university very late, ______ the gate closely shut.A.foundB.to findC.findD.finding

24.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No.You can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type

25.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informing C.informedD.informing

26.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

27.Will those ______ the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?

A.teachingB.teachC.who teachesD.who teaching

28.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

29.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

30.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go C.for risk to goD.risk going

31.______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(變異

體)of genes in human bodies.A.Being exposedB.Having exposed

C.ExposedD.After being exposed

32.China became the 143rd member of the World Trade Organization on December 11, 2001, thus ______ its 15-year wish to join the global trade body.A.having realizedB.realizedC.realizingD.to realize

33.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for years.A.filling;having hiddenB.filled;hidden

C.filling;hiddenD.filled;hiding

34.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

35.Which will you enjoy ______ your vacation, traveling abroad or working in the countryside?

A.to spendB.spendC.spendingD.spent

36.----Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?

----I will spend a whole week ______ in your room to wait for their coming.A.lockingB.to lockC.lockedD.being locked

37.I regret ______ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.A.informingB.having informed

C.to have been informedD.to inform

38.He wondered if he could slip out of the lecture hall without anyone ______.A.noticingB.noticedC.to noticeD.being noticed

39.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

40.He spoke in such a high voice ______ out in the street.A.as to be heardB.to be heardC.as to hearD.to hear

41.As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be set up in every town ______ 50 households or more.A.havingB.to haveC.to have hadD.having had

42.The building project ______ next year is, I think, not easy ______ in time.A.being carried out;to complete B.carried out;to be completed

C.to be carried out;to complete D.to be carried out;to be completed

43.The reason ______ she gave for not coming to the party is that her mother wouldn’t allow her to.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.because

44.Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the Grand Hotel? I thought it was on this corner, but I seem to ______ a mistake.A.makeB.be makingC.having made D.have made

45.----Here’s a new pair of shoes for you.----Thank you, but there’s no need ______ a new pair for me.A.to have boughtB.to buyC.buyingD.to be buying

46.What worried the boy most was ______ to visit his father in the hospital.A.his not allowingB.his not being allowed

C.having not been allowedD.his being not allowed

47.To do a bit for the motherland, ______.A.working hard is necessary

B.to learn a foreign language is needed

C.it is important to master science

D.one should serve the people whole-heartedly

48.Everything ______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.A.to takeB.takenC.to be takenD.taking

49.The officials discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next month.A.carry outB.carrying outC.to carry outD.carried out

50.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

51.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No, you can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type

52.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informingC.informedD.informing

答案：

1------5BDBAB6------10DDACD 11------15BDBCB16------20AACBD 21------25CDDBC26------30AAAAA 31------35ACCAA

41------45ACADA

51-----55BC

36-----40CDAAA 46------50BDBDA

第五篇：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(教案)

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（教案）

在英語(yǔ)中，不是用作句子的謂語(yǔ)，而是用于擔(dān)任其他語(yǔ)法功能的的動(dòng)詞，稱(chēng)之為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種：不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞。一．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之區(qū)別：

1．相同之處：

1）可以有賓語(yǔ)： He bought a house.He was considering buying a house.He wanted to buy a house.2)可以被狀語(yǔ)修飾：

He always gets up very early.He is used to getting up early.3)可以有“體”式和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化： She has finished her job.Having finished her work,she went home.She is treated fairly.She insisted on being treated fairly.4)可以有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)： My wife often works late.I dislike my wife’s working late.It was a hot day.It being a hot day, we stayed home.2．不同之處：

1）可以起名詞作用（如：不定式和動(dòng)名詞），在句中作主、賓、表語(yǔ)。Your duty is to look after the children.Complaining is no use.2）可以起形容詞作用（如：不定式和分詞），在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。The vase is broken.He is the a nice person to work with.We found the story amusing.3）可以起副詞作用（如：不定式和分詞），在句中作狀語(yǔ)。They are working hard to win still greater victory.The sick man came in, supported by two nurses.二．不定式：

1．作主語(yǔ)（常置于句末，而用代替其做形式主語(yǔ)）To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy(for me)to learn a foreign language.2．作表語(yǔ)

My job is to look after the babies.What I would like you to do is to keep silent about it.3．作賓語(yǔ)

He offered to go with us.I want to see him.He considered it his duty to support his family.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（在see, hear, observe, watch, feel, notice等感官動(dòng)詞以及l(fā)et, make,have等動(dòng)詞后面，作賓補(bǔ)的不定式 to均省去）They asked him to sing a pop song at the concert.They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.He was heard to sing a pop song in the meeting room.4．作定語(yǔ)

Do you have anything to eat in your bag? He is always the first to come and the last to leave.5．作狀語(yǔ)

In order to save the the child, he dived into the river.We are overjoyed to see you.6．不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)：

I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.7．連接詞+不定式

He will tell me how to use the dictionary.Where to get the book is what I want to know.He didn’t tell us where to go and when to set out.8．不定式的否定形式

They decided not to give up trying.9．不定式的時(shí)態(tài)

We are happy to be with you on this trip.She is sure to succeed in the election.I’m sorry to be troubling you at such a time.I’m glad to be working with you.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.The enemy was reported to have surrendered two days before.10． 不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)

This book is said to have been translated into many languages.It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.三．動(dòng)名詞：

1．作主語(yǔ)

Saying so much is useless/no good/(of)no use It is useless/no good/(of)no use saying so much.Reading French is easier than speaking it.2．作表語(yǔ)

My hobby is collecting stamps.My great pleasure is learning English.3．作賓語(yǔ)

（下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, mind, keep, practise, miss，regret, insist on, give up, put off, object to）He enjoys listening to classical music.We must avoid making such mistakes again.I wouldn’t mind waiting for another ten minutes.（有些動(dòng)詞后面可接動(dòng)名詞，也可接不定式：begin, start, continue, like, hate, prefer但動(dòng)名詞表示的意義是在一般情況下的行為，而不定式則表示某個(gè)具體的、一次性的行為。）

I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.4．介詞賓語(yǔ)

Are you used to eating American food? She went to school without having breakfast.5．動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)

Do you mind(my)opening the window.Tom insisted on my brother’s going with him.動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語(yǔ)，意義不同的幾組詞： stop to do sth

（停下一件事去做另一件事）stop doing sth

（停止做某事）Remember to do sth.（記住要做某事）Remember doing sth（記得曾做過(guò)某事）Forget to to do sth（忘記要做某事）Forget doing sth（忘記曾做過(guò)某事）

Regret to do sth（因要做某事而感到不安）Regret doing sth（因做了某事而感到后悔）Go on to do sth（接著做另一件事）Go on doing sth（繼續(xù)做某事）Try to do sth（盡力做某事）Try doing sth（嘗試做某事）Need to do sth（需要做某事）Need doing（需要被做）Want to do sth（想做某事）Want doing

（需要被做）

Used to do sth（過(guò)去常常做某事）Be used doing sth（習(xí)慣做某事）

6．動(dòng)名詞的體式和語(yǔ)態(tài)

He was praised for having made a great contribution to his country.His having been elected chairman of the club surprised us greatly.Jane like being read to when she is ill.He did it without being asked.四．分詞

分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示的意義是主動(dòng)的、進(jìn)行的；過(guò)去分詞表示的意義是被動(dòng)的、完成的。The developing countries The developed countries

1．作表語(yǔ)：

The story is very interesting.I am interested in English.The film is moving.We were moved by the film.2．作定語(yǔ)：

It is an interesting book.We must learn from the working people.The boy singing on the stage is my brother.This is a book written by a famous scientist.3．作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：

(see, hear, feel, notice, watch, 分詞說(shuō)明動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生；不定式說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過(guò)程。)I saw him going into the room.I saw him go into the room.4．作狀語(yǔ)：

1)作時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ)：

working in the open air,he often sings songs.Having finished his work, he went to bed.Knowing that it was going to rain, he decided not to go out.2)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)：

They stood there waiting for the bus.He lay in bed reading a novel.