第一篇：專業(yè)英語13章 電氣工程 英語翻譯

12.3 Grounding of Electrical Systems

In general, most electrical systems must be grounded.The purpose

Fig.12.4 Secondary high-voltage radial distribution system

of grounding is to limit the magnitude of voltage caused by lighting, momentary surges, and accidental contact with higher voltages.System grounds must be seaweed to provide a path of minimum impedance in order to ensure the operation of over-current devices when a ground fault occurs.Current should not flow through the grounding conductor during normal operation.Direct-current systems generally have the grounding conductor connected to the system at the supply station, and not at the individual service.Alternating-current systems, on the ether hand, must be grounded on die supply side of the main disconnect al each individual service.For specific information an the location and methyl of funding, refer to NEC Article 250.(a)Secondary high-voltage distribution system;high-voltage radical.low-voltage loop

(b)Consumer distribution system with high-voltage and low-voltage loops Fig.12.5

12.4 Grounding of Electrical Equipment

Metal conduit and cases which enclose electrical conductors must be grounded.If the ungrounded(hot)conductor comes in contact with a metal enclosure which is not grounded, a voltage will be present between the enclosure and the ground.This presents a potential hazard.Persona comic in contact with the enclosure and ground will complete a circuit.All non-current-carrying metal parts of electrical installations should be tightly bonded together and connected to a grounding electrode.Good electrical continuity should be ensured through all metal enclosures.The current caused by accidental grounds will be conducted through the enclosures, the grounding conductor, and the grounding electrode to the earth.If the current is false enough, it mill cause the over-current device to open.12.5 Ground Fault Protection

A ground-fault protector(GFP)is a device which senses ground faults and opens the circuit when the currant to ground reaches a predetermined value.A ground-fault circuit interrupter(GFCI)is a device which opens the circuit when very small currents flow to ground.There is no way to determine in advance the impedance of an accidental ground.Most circuits are protected by 15 A(ampere)or larger over-current devices.If the impedance of a ground fault is low enough, such devices will open the circuit.What about currents of less than 15 A? It has been proven that currents as small as 50 mA through the heart, lungs, or brain can be fatal.Electrical equipment exposed to moisture or vibration may develop high-impedance grounds.Arcing between a conductor and the frame of equipment may cause a fire, yet the current may be less than 1 ampere.Leakage current caused by dirt and /or moisture may take place between the conductor and the frame.Portable tools are frequently not properly grounded.and the only path to ground is through the body of the operator.The ground-fault circuit interrupter was developed to provide protection against ground-fault currents of less

than 15 A.the GFCI is designed to operate on two-wire circuits in which one of the two wires is grounded.The

standard circuit voltages are 120 V and 277 V.The time it takes operate depends upon the value of the ground-fault current.Small currents of 20 mA or less may flow for up to 5 s before the circuit is opened.A current of 20 mA will cause the GECI to operate in less than 0.04 s.This time/current element provides a sufficient margin of safety without nuisance tripping.The GFCI operates on the principle that an equal amount of current is flowing though the two wires.When a ground fault occurs, same of the currant flowing through the ungrounded(hot)wire does not flow through the grounded wire;it completes the circuit though the accidental ground.The GFCI senses the difference in the value of current between the two wires and opens the circuit.GFCIs may be incorporated into circuit breakers installed in the line, or incorporated into a receptacle outlet or equipment.Ground-fault protectors are generally designed for use with commercial and/or industrial installations.They provide protection against ground-fault currents from 2 A(special types go as low as 50 mA)up to 2 000 A.GFPs are generally installed on the main, submain, and/or feeder conductors.GFCls are installed in the branch circuits.GFPs are generally used for three-wire, single-phase and for three-phase installations, while GECls are used for two-wire, single-phase circuits.A ground-fault protector installed on supply conductors must enclose all the circuit conductors, including the neutral, if present.When operating under normal conditions, all the current to end from the load flows through the circuit conductors.The algebraic sum of the flux produced by these currents is zero.When a phase-to-ground fault occurs, the fault currents returns through the grounding conductor.Under this condition an alternating flux is produced within the sensing device.When the flux current reaches a predetermined value, the magnetic flux causes a relay to actuate a circuit breaker.Sometimes the GFP is installed on the grounding conductor of the system.Under this condition, the unit senses the amount of phase-to-ground current flowing in the grounding conductor.When the current exceeds the setting of the GFP, it will cause the circuit breaker to open.The ground-fault protector is actually a specially designed current transformer connected to a solid-state relay.12.Three-Phase Systems

The various three-phase systems in normal use will lie described.Under ideal conditions, these systems operate in perfect balance, and if a neutral conductor is present it carries zero current.In actual practice, perfectly balanced systems are seldom encountered.The electrical worker, therefore, must be to calculate values of current and voltage in unbalanced systems.Single-phase loads are frequently supplied from three-phase system.The single-phase load requirements vary considerably, making it virtually impossible to maintain a perfect balance.In a balanced three-phase system, the currents in the three lines are equal.The currents in the three phases are also equal.In other words, ILX=ILY=ILZ and Ip = Ip = Ip.if, however, ILX≠ILF≠ILZ, then IPX≠IPY≠IPZ and the system is unbalanced(see Fig.12.6).To calculate the line currents in an unbalanced three-phase system, the method in the following example may be used.Example 1

Three pure resistance, single-phase loads are connected in a delta configuration across a three-phase supply, as illustrated in Fig.12.6.Load X requires 30 A, load Y requires 50 A, and load Z requires 80 A.Calculate the current through each line wire.Example 1 applies to loads of 100 percent power factor connected in delta.With loads of different power factors, the phase angle will vary from 120°.For a wye connection, the line current is equal to the phase current.Some connections may be a combination of singe-phase and three-phase loads.Under these conditions, the phase angle between three-phase load and the single-phase load must be considered.12.7 Harmonic Effect of Fluorescent Lighting Fixtures

Most distribution systems in tile United States and Canada operate on a frequency of 60 Hz.certain types of electrical equipment produce secondary frequencies are multiples of the supply frequency.These secondary frequencies are called harmonics.For example, the second harmonic of 60 Hz is 120 Hz, the third harmonic is 180 Hz, and so on

The alienating flux developed by transformers, used in the ballasts of fluorescent lighting fixtures, produces a voltage which has a frequency of 180 hertz.This results in an additional current flowing in the supply conductors.The value of the current in the phase conductors is usual about 25 percent of the supply current.This third harmonic current adds to the supply current, causing a greater heating effect in the conductors.This increased heating effect is rather small, possibly in the vicinity of 380% greater than if the third harmonic current did not exist.CAUTION: When installing supply, feeder, and branch circuit conductors for heavy fluorescent loads, the size of the neutral conductor should be at least equal to that of the phase conductors.

第二篇：電氣工程專業(yè)英語

1.It is conventional..B positive 2.Electric..D amperes3.The energy..C voltage

4.The plus..A voltage polarity5.According..B absorbed1.The switching..C the off2.The typical..B 0.7V3.The power..D high r4.The rate..C power 1.The DC-AC..B direct2.The Buck...C current 3.The PWM...B pulse

4.The gain..B the input control voltage 1.High power..C three

2.The output..B sinusoidal3.The constant..B ac voltage 4.Voltage..C inductive

5.Output amplitude..B pulse-width

1.A computer work..A a series of stored 2.A keyboard..B an input

3.The computer network..C a local4.A computer that..B client 5.A hard..C a storage1.Logical..B the ALU 2.The 16..B sixteen bits

3.A microprocessor..A more rapidly 4.Data stored..B permanently5.The basic..C CMOS

1.is used..C a network card2.are pri..C AGP slots3.The network..B LCDs4.Image..B dot

5.Printer..A an ink

1.The first complete..B1882 a dc2.The first three..C 1893

3.Power system..A transmission4.In North..C60hz

can..A the HVDC1The protective..C tripping

2.When the rip..B switched off3.Any protection..A two 4.Theof..D reliability5.The protective..B zero

The concept of electric charge is電荷的概念是用來解釋所有電氣現(xiàn)象的基本概念。也即，電路中最基本的量是電荷。電荷是構(gòu)成物質(zhì)的原子微粒的電氣屬性，它是以庫侖為單位來度量的。We know from elementary physics 我們從基礎(chǔ)物理得知一切物質(zhì)是由被稱為原子的基本構(gòu)造部分組成的，并且每個原子是由電子，質(zhì)子和中子組成的。我們還知道電子的電量是負的并且在數(shù)值上等于1.602100×10-12C，而質(zhì)子所帶的正電量在數(shù)值上與電子相等。質(zhì)子和電子數(shù)量相同使得原子呈現(xiàn)電中性。

We consider the flow of electric charges.讓我們來考慮一下電荷的流動。電荷或電的特性是其運

動的特性，也就是，它可以從一個地方被移送到

另一個地方，在此它可以被轉(zhuǎn)換成另外一種形式的能量。

A mainframe computer(or simply a “mainframe”)主機（或簡寫為“mainframe”）是一種大型昂貴的能夠同時為成百上千用戶處理數(shù)據(jù)的計算機。主機通常由商行或政府使用用來提供對大量數(shù)據(jù)的集中存儲、處理以及管理。主機使我們在需要可靠性、數(shù)據(jù)安全性以及集中處理的情況下提供了可選擇的計算機。

A computer falls into the supercomputer category如果某種計算機在其制造的時代是世界上最快的計算機之一，那么這種計算機就屬于超級計算機類型。由于它們的速度，超級計算機能夠處理其它計算機所不能處理的復(fù)雜任務(wù)。超級計算機的典型的作用包括破解密碼、建立世界范圍的天氣系統(tǒng)模型以及模擬核爆炸。超級計算機上所完成的一個使人留下深刻印象的仿真是對數(shù)以千計的塵埃微粒的運動進行追蹤，這些塵埃微粒就象被一場龍卷風(fēng)所拋擲一樣。

In the computer industry, the term “server”在計算機工業(yè)中，“服務(wù)器”這個術(shù)語有多種含義。它可以指計算機硬件、特定類型的軟件或是指硬軟件結(jié)合。在任何場合，一個服務(wù)器的目的是通過向計算機提供數(shù)據(jù)而為網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的（例如互聯(lián)網(wǎng)或局域網(wǎng)）計算機服務(wù)。一臺個人計算機、服務(wù)站或者向服務(wù)器申請數(shù)據(jù)的軟件被稱為客戶，例如在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，一個服務(wù)器可能會用一個網(wǎng)頁來回應(yīng)客戶的要求。另外的服務(wù)器可能會處理來往于所有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的客戶的電子郵件的穩(wěn)定的數(shù)據(jù)流。一個服務(wù)器可能還會允許同一局域網(wǎng)內(nèi)的客戶共享文件或可以使用同一臺中央打印機。In order to operate correctlyCMOS存儲器為了正常運行，一臺計算機必須有一定的存儲，記憶體的基本信息，并顯示配置。內(nèi)存一片空白時，計算機電源是關(guān)閉的，因此配置信息不能被儲存在那里。光盤將不會為這個信息的好地方或者是因為它擁有一個永久性的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。如果，例如，您的計算機中存儲在ROM內(nèi)存大小，您可以不用添加更多的內(nèi)存好，你也許可以將其加入，但你不能改變thesize在ROM規(guī)范。存儲一些基本的系統(tǒng)信息，您的電腦需要的內(nèi)存的永久型以上的RAM，但小于光盤永久的。CMOS是公正的車票。CMOS(complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory)isCMOS（互補金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體存儲器）是一種類型的芯片需要很少的電力來保存數(shù)據(jù)。它可以由一個小型可充電電池，進入主板集成。該電池滴入權(quán)力的CMOS芯片，以便它可以保留你的電腦系統(tǒng)配置的重要，甚至當(dāng)您的計算機是關(guān)閉的數(shù)據(jù)。當(dāng)您更改您的計算機系統(tǒng)，通過增加內(nèi)存，例如，在CMOS數(shù)據(jù)必須更新配置。某些操作系統(tǒng)承認(rèn)這種變化，并自動執(zhí)行更新。您可以通過運

行手動更改CMOS設(shè)置CMOS設(shè)置程序。The increasing need for transmitting large 日益增長的對遠距離大容量功率輸送的需求導(dǎo)致所使用的電壓水平不斷提高。為了防止不同大小的電壓無限制地增多，工業(yè)上使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化電壓等級。在美國，高電壓等級（HV）有115KV、138KV、161KV以及230KV，而超高電壓等級（EHV）有345KV、500KV和765KV。在中國，高電壓等級有10KV、35KV、110KV；超高電壓等級有220KV、330KV（僅在中國西北）和500KV。不久的將來，中國西北將建成第一條750KV輸電線路。With the development of the AC/DC隨著直-交轉(zhuǎn)換設(shè)備的不斷發(fā)展，高壓直流輸電系統(tǒng)（HVDC）在特殊場合變得更有吸引力，更加經(jīng)濟。HVDC可用來進行遠距離大容量的功率輸送，并且可以在由于系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定限制或系統(tǒng)額定頻率不同使交流聯(lián)網(wǎng)不能實現(xiàn)的情況下提供一個異步聯(lián)網(wǎng)的手段。

The basic requirement to a power system對電力系統(tǒng)來說最基本的要求是給用戶提供連續(xù)的，電壓頻率合適的電能。由于電能不能用簡單經(jīng)濟的方式大量存儲，所以電能的生產(chǎn)與消耗必須同步進行。電力系統(tǒng)中任何一個環(huán)節(jié)中的故障都有可能導(dǎo)致用戶供電的中斷。所以，對電力系統(tǒng)來說給系統(tǒng)提供可靠的電能，保持正常連續(xù)運行才是最重要的。

Positive charge 正電荷 Negative charge 負電荷 Electromotive force 電動勢 Potential difference 電位差 Voltaic battery 伏打電池

Reference direction 參考方向 Instantaneous power 瞬時功率 Active element 有源元件

Ideal independent source 理想獨立源 Constant voltage source 恒定電壓源 Independent source 獨立源 Controlled source 受控源 Diamond-shaped 受控源 Voltage-controlled voltage source 電壓控制電壓源

Integrated circuit 集成電路 Buck converter 降壓變壓器 Boost converter 升壓變壓器 Duty ratio 功率比 Turn ratio 匝數(shù)比

Operating system 操作系統(tǒng) 線性電阻

Linear resistor

第三篇：電氣工程及其自動化專業(yè)英語

induction machine 感應(yīng)式電機 horseshoe magnet 馬蹄形磁鐵 magnetic field 磁場 eddy current 渦流 right-hand rule 右手定則 left-hand rule 左手定則 slip 轉(zhuǎn)差率 induction motor 感應(yīng)電動機 rotating magnetic field 旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場 winding 繞組 stator 定子 rotor 轉(zhuǎn)子 induced current 感生電流 time-phase 時間相位 exciting voltage 勵磁電壓 solt 槽 lamination 疊片 laminated core 疊片鐵芯 short-circuiting ring 短路環(huán) squirrel cage 鼠籠 rotor core 轉(zhuǎn)子鐵芯 cast-aluminum rotor 鑄鋁轉(zhuǎn)子 bronze 青銅 horsepower 馬力 random-wound 散繞 insulation 絕緣 ac motor 交流環(huán)電動機 end ring 端環(huán) alloy 合金 coil winding 線圈繞組 form-wound 模繞 performance characteristic 工作特性 frequency 頻率

revolutions per minute 轉(zhuǎn)/分 分 motoring 電動機驅(qū)動 generating 發(fā)電 per-unit value 標(biāo)么值 breakdown torque 極限轉(zhuǎn)矩 breakaway force 起步阻力 overhauling 檢修 wind-driven generator 風(fēng)動發(fā)電機 revolutions per second 轉(zhuǎn)/秒 秒 number of poles 極數(shù) speed-torque curve 轉(zhuǎn)速力矩特性曲線 plugging 反向制動 synchronous speed 同步轉(zhuǎn)速 percentage 百分?jǐn)?shù) locked-rotor torque 鎖定轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)矩 full-load torque 滿載轉(zhuǎn)矩 prime mover 原動機 inrush current 涌流 magnetizing reacance 磁化電抗 line-to-neutral 線與中性點間的 staor winding 定子繞組 leakage reactance 漏磁電抗 no-load 空載 full load 滿載 多相(的 Polyphase 多相 的)iron-loss 鐵損 complex impedance 復(fù)數(shù)阻抗 rotor resistance 轉(zhuǎn)子電阻 leakage flux 漏磁通 locked-rotor 鎖定轉(zhuǎn)子 chopper circuit 斬波電路 separately excited 他勵的 compounded 復(fù)勵 dc motor 直流電動機 de machine 直流電機 speed regulation 速度調(diào)節(jié) shunt 并勵 series 串勵 armature circuit 電樞電路 optical fiber 光纖 interoffice 局間的 wave guide 波導(dǎo) 波導(dǎo)管 bandwidth 帶寬 light emitting diode 發(fā)光二極管

silica 硅石 二氧化硅 regeneration 再生 后反饋放大 再生, coaxial 共軸的 同軸的 共軸的,同軸的 high-performance 高性能的 carrier 載波 mature 成熟的 Single Side Band(SSB)單邊帶 coupling capacitor 結(jié)合電容 propagate 傳導(dǎo) 傳播 modulator 調(diào)制器 demodulator 解調(diào)器 line trap 限波器 shunt 分路器 Amplitude Modulation(AM 調(diào)幅 Frequency Shift Keying(FSK)移頻鍵控 tuner 調(diào)諧器 attenuate 衰減 incident 入射的 two-way configuration 二線制 generator voltage 發(fā)電機電壓 dc generator 直流發(fā)電機 polyphase rectifier 多相整流器 boost 增壓 time constant 時間常數(shù) forward transfer function 正向傳遞函數(shù) error signal 誤差信號 regulator 調(diào)節(jié)器 stabilizing transformer 穩(wěn)定變壓器 time delay 延時 direct axis transient time constant 直軸瞬變時間常數(shù) transient response 瞬態(tài)響應(yīng) solid state 固體 buck 補償 operational calculus 算符演算 gain 增益 pole 極點 feedback signal 反饋信號 dynamic response 動態(tài)響應(yīng) voltage control system 電壓控制系統(tǒng) mismatch 失配 error detector 誤差檢測器 excitation system 勵磁系統(tǒng) field current 勵磁電流 transistor 晶體管high-gain 高增益 boost-buck 升壓去磁 feedback system 反饋系統(tǒng) reactive power 無功功率 feedback loop 反饋回路 automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)自動電壓調(diào)整器 自動電壓調(diào)整器 reference Voltage 基準(zhǔn)電壓 magnetic amplifier 磁放大器 amplidyne 微場擴流發(fā)電機 self-exciting 自勵的 limiter 限幅器 manual control 手動控制 block diagram 方框圖 linear zone 線性區(qū) potential transformer 電壓互感器 stabilization network 穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡(luò) stabilizer 穩(wěn)定器 air-gap flux 氣隙磁通 saturation effect 飽和效應(yīng) saturation curve 飽和曲線 flux linkage 磁鏈 per unit value 標(biāo)么值 shunt field 并勵磁場 magnetic circuit 磁路 load-saturation curve 負載飽和曲線 air-gap line 氣隙磁化線 polyphase rectifier 多相整流器 circuit components 電路元件 circuit parameters 電路參數(shù) electrical device 電氣設(shè)備 electric energy 電能 primary cell 原生電池 電能轉(zhuǎn)換器 energy converter 電能轉(zhuǎn)換器 conductor 導(dǎo)體 heating appliance 電熱器 direct-current 直流 time invariant 時不變的 self-inductor 自感 mutual-inductor 互感 the dielectric 電介質(zhì) storage battery 蓄電池 e.m.f = electromotive force

電動勢 generator 發(fā)電機 gas insulated substation GIS 氣體絕緣變電站 氣體絕緣變電站 turbogenerator 汽輪發(fā)電機 neutral point 中性點

hydrogenerator 水輪發(fā)電機 moving contact 動觸頭 hydraulic turbine 水輪機 fixed contact 靜觸頭 steam turbine 汽輪機 arc-extinguishing chamber 滅弧室 dynamo 直流發(fā)電機 stray capacitance 雜散電容 motor 電動機 stray inductance 雜散電感 stator 定子 sphere gap 球隙 rotor 轉(zhuǎn)子 bushing tap grounding wire 套管末屏接地線 power transformer 電力變壓器 electrostatic voltmeter 靜電電壓表 variable transformer 調(diào)壓變壓器 ammeter 電流表 taped transformer 多級變壓器 grounding capacitance 對地電容 step up(down)transformer 升(降)壓變壓器 voltage divider 分壓器 降 壓變壓器 circuit breaker CB 斷路器 surge impedance 波阻抗 dead tank oil circuit breaker 多油斷路器 Schering bridge 西林電橋 live tank oil circuit breaker 少油斷路器 Rogowski coil 羅可夫斯基線圈 vacuum circuit breaker 真空斷路器 oscilloscope 示波器 sulphur hexafluoride breaker SF6 斷路器 peak voltmeter 峰值電壓表 峰值電壓表 potential transformer PT 電壓互感器 conductor 導(dǎo)線 current transformer CT 電流互感器 cascade transformer 串級變壓器 disconnector 隔離開關(guān) coupling capacitor 耦合電容 earthing switch 接地開關(guān) test object 被試品 synchronous generator 同步發(fā)電機 detection impedance 檢測阻抗 asynchronous machine 異步電機 substation 變電站 Insulator 絕緣子 hydro power station 水力發(fā)電站 lightning arrester 避雷器 thermal power station 火力發(fā)電站 metal oxide arrester MOA 氧化鋅避雷器 nuclear power station 核電站 bus bar 母線 oil-filled power cable 充油電力電纜 overhead line 架空線 mixed divider(阻容 混合分壓器 阻容)混合分壓器 阻容 transmission line 傳輸線 XLPE cable 交鏈聚乙烯電纜(coaxial)cable(同軸 電纜 relay 繼電器 同軸)電纜 同軸 iron core 鐵芯 tuned circuit 調(diào)諧電路 winding 繞組 suspension insulator 懸式絕緣子 bushing 套管 porcelain insulator 陶瓷絕緣子 波頭(尾 電阻 front(tail)resistance 波頭 尾)電阻 glass insulator 玻璃絕緣子 inverter station 換流站 flash counter 雷電計數(shù)器 steel-reinforced aluminum conductor 充電(阻尼 阻尼)電阻 鋼芯鋁絞線 charging(damping)resistor 充電 阻尼 電阻 tank 箱體 point plane gap 針板間隙 earth(ground)wire 接地線 exciting winding 激磁繞組 grading ring 均壓環(huán) trigger electrode 觸發(fā)電極 highvoltage engineering 高電壓工程 glow discharge 輝光放電 highvoltage testing technology 高電壓試驗技術(shù) harmonic 諧波 Power electronics 電力電子 Automatic control 自動控制 Principles of electric circuits 電路原理 Digital signal processing 數(shù)字信號處理

電氣工程專業(yè)英語詞匯表 2 power system 電力系統(tǒng) impulse current 沖擊電流 power network 電力網(wǎng)絡(luò) impulse flashover 沖擊閃絡(luò) insulation 絕緣 inhomogenous field 不均勻場 overvoltage 過電壓 insulation coordination 絕緣配合 aging 老化 internal discharge 內(nèi)部放電 alternating current 交流電 lightning stroke 雷電波 AC transmission system 交流輸電系統(tǒng) lightning overvoltage 雷電過電壓 介質(zhì))損耗角 arc discharge 電弧放電 loss angle(介質(zhì) 損耗角 介質(zhì) attachment coefficient 附著系數(shù) magnetic field 磁場 attenuation factor 衰減系數(shù) mean free path平均自由行程 anode(cathode)陽極 陰極 mean molecular velocity平均分子速度 陽極(陰極 陰極)breakdown(電)擊穿 negative ions 負離子 電 擊穿 bubble breakdown 氣泡擊穿 non-destructive testing 非破壞性試驗 cathode ray oscilloscope 陰極射線示波器 non-uniform field 不均勻場 cavity 空穴 腔 partial discharge 局部放電 空穴,腔 corona 電暈 peak reverse voltage 反向峰值電壓 composite insulation 組合絕緣 photoelectric emission 光電發(fā)射 critical breakdown voltage 臨界擊穿電壓 photon 光子 Discharge 放電 phase-to-phase voltage 線電壓 Dielectric 電介質(zhì) 絕緣體 polarity effect 極性效應(yīng) 電介質(zhì),絕緣體 dielectric constant 介質(zhì)常數(shù) power capacitor 電力電容 dielectric loss 介質(zhì)損耗

quasi-uniform field 稍不均勻場 direct current 直流電 radio interference 無線干擾 divider ratio 分壓器分壓比 rating of equipment 設(shè)備額定值 grounding 接地 routing testing 常規(guī)試驗 electric field 電場 residual capacitance 殘余電容 electrochemical deterioration 電化學(xué)腐蝕 shielding 屏蔽 electron avalanche 電子崩 short circuit testing 短路試驗 electronegative gas 電負性氣體 space charge 空間電荷 epoxy resin 環(huán)氧樹脂 streamer breakdown 流注擊穿 expulsion gap 滅弧間隙 surface breakdown 表面擊穿 field strength 場強 sustained discharge 自持放電 field stress 電場力 switching overvoltage 操作過電壓 field distortion 場畸變 thermal breakdown 熱擊穿 field gradient 場梯度 treeing 樹枝放電 field emission 場致發(fā)射 uniform field 均勻場 flashover 閃絡(luò) wave front(tail)波頭 尾)波頭(尾 gaseous insulation 氣體絕緣 withstand voltage 耐受電壓 Prime mover 原動機 Power factor 功率因數(shù) Torque 力矩 Distribution automation system 配電網(wǎng)自動化系統(tǒng) Servomechanism 伺服系統(tǒng) Automatic meter reading 自動抄表 Boiler 鍋爐 Armature 電樞 Internal combustion engine 內(nèi)燃機 Brush 電刷

Deenergize 斷電 Commutator 換向器 Underground cable 地下電纜 Counter emf 反電勢 電氣工程專業(yè)英語詞匯表 3 退磁,去磁 Loop system 環(huán)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng) Demagnetization 退磁 去磁 Distribution system 配電系統(tǒng) Relay panel 繼電器屏 Trip circuit 跳閘電路 Tertiary winding 第三繞組 Switchboard 配電盤 開關(guān)屏 Eddy current 渦流 配電盤,開關(guān)屏 Instrument transducer 測量互感器 Copper loss 銅損 Oil-impregnated paper 油浸紙絕緣 Iron loss 鐵損 Bare conductor 裸導(dǎo)線 Leakage flux 漏磁通 Reclosing 重合閘 Autotransformer 自耦變壓器 Distribution dispatch center 配電調(diào)度中心 Zero sequence current 零序電流 Pulverizer 磨煤機 Series(shunt)compensation 串(并)聯(lián)補償 并 聯(lián)補償 汽包,爐筒 Drum 汽包 爐筒 Restriking 電弧重燃 Superheater 過熱器 Automatic oscillograph 自動錄波儀 Peak-load 峰荷 Tidal current 潮流 Prime grid substation 主網(wǎng)變電站 Trip coil 跳閘線圈 Reactive power` 無功功率 Synchronous condenser 同步調(diào)相機 Active power 有功功率 Main and transfer busbar 單母線帶旁路 Shunt reactor 并聯(lián)電抗器 Feeder 饋電線 Blackout 斷電、停電 Skin effect 集膚效應(yīng) 斷電、Extra-high voltage(EHV)超高壓 Potential stress 電位應(yīng)力 電場強度 電位應(yīng)力(電場強度 電場強度)Ultra-high voltage(UHV)特高壓 Capacitor bank 電容器組 Domestic load 民用電 crusher 碎煤機 Reserve capacity 備用容量 pulverizer 磨煤機 Fossil-fired power plant 火電廠 baghouse 集塵室 Combustion turbine 燃氣輪機 Stationary(moving)blade 固定 可動 葉片 固定(可動 可動)葉片 Right-of-way 線路走廊 Shaft 轉(zhuǎn)軸 Rectifier 整流器 Kinetic(potential)energy 動(勢)能 Inductive(Capacitive)電 勢能 感的(電容的 電容的)感的 電容的 Pumped storage power station 抽水蓄能電站 Reactance(impedance)電抗 阻抗 Synchronous condenser 同步調(diào)相機 電抗(阻抗 阻抗)Reactor 電抗器 Light(boiling)-water reactor 輕(沸)水反應(yīng)堆 沸 水反應(yīng)堆 電抗的,無功的 Reactive 電抗的 無功的 Stator(rotor)定(轉(zhuǎn))子 Phase displacement(shift)相移 轉(zhuǎn)子 Armature 電樞 Surge 沖擊 過電壓 Salient-pole 凸極 沖擊,過電壓 Retaining ring 護環(huán) Slip ring 滑環(huán) Carbon brush 炭刷 Arc suppression coil 消弧線圈 Short-circuit ratio 短路比 Primary(backup)relaying 主(后備 繼電保護 后備)繼電保護 后備 Induction 感應(yīng) Phase shifter 移相器 Autotransformer 自藕變壓器 Power line carrier(PLC)電力線載波 器)電力線載波(器 Bushing 套管 Line trap 線路限波器 Turn(turn ratio)匝(匝比 變比 Uninterruptible power supply 不間斷電源 匝比,變比 匝比 變比)Power factor 功率因數(shù) Spot power price 實時電價 分時(電價 電價)Tap 分接頭 Time-of-use(tariff)分時 電價

Recovery voltage 恢復(fù)電壓 XLPE(Cross Linked Polyethylene)交聯(lián)聚乙烯(電纜 電纜)交聯(lián)聚乙烯 電纜 Arc reignition 電弧重燃 Rms(root mean square)均方根值 Operation

mechanism 操動機構(gòu) RF(radio frequency)射頻 電氣工程專業(yè)英語詞匯表 4 Pneumatic(hydraulic)氣 動(液 壓)Rpm(revolution per minute)轉(zhuǎn) / 分 Nameplate 銘牌 LAN(local area network)局域網(wǎng) Independent pole operation 分相操作 LED(light emitting diode)發(fā)光二極管 Malfunction 失靈 Single(dual, ring)bus 單(雙,環(huán)形 母線 環(huán)形)母線 雙 環(huán)形 Shield wire 避雷線 IC(integrated circuit)集成電路 Creep distance 爬電距離 FFT(fast Fourier transform)快速傅立葉變換 Silicon rubber 硅橡膠 Telemeter 遙測 Composite insulator 合成絕緣子 Load shedding 甩負荷 Converter(inverter)換流器 逆變器 Lateral 支線 換流器(逆變器 逆變器)Bus tie breaker 母聯(lián)斷路器 Power-flow current 工頻續(xù)流 Protective relaying 繼電保護 sparkover 放電 Transfer switching 倒閘操作 Silicon carbide 碳化硅 Outgoing(incoming)line 出(進)線 Zinc oxide 氧化鋅 進線 相位超前(滯后 滯后)Phase Lead(lag)相位超前 滯后 Withstand test 耐壓試驗 Static var compensation(SVC)靜止無功補償 Dispatcher 調(diào)度員 Flexible AC transmission system(FACTS)靈活交流輸電系統(tǒng) Supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA)監(jiān)控與數(shù)據(jù)采集 EMC(electromagnetic compatibility)電磁兼容 ISO(international standardization organization)國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織 GIS(gas insulated substation, geographic information system)氣體絕緣變電站 地理信息系統(tǒng) IEC(international Electrotechnical Commission)國際電工(技術(shù) 技術(shù))委員會 國際電工 技術(shù) 委員會 IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers)電氣與電子工程師學(xué) 會(美)美 IEE(Institution of Electrical Engineers)

電氣工程師學(xué)會(英 電氣工程師學(xué)會 英)scale 刻度 量程 calibrate 校準(zhǔn) 刻度,量程 rated 額定的 terminal 接線端子 保險絲,熔絲 fuse 保險絲 熔絲 humidity 濕度 resonance 諧振 共振 moisture 潮濕 濕氣 諧振,共振 潮濕,濕氣 analytical 解析的 operation amplifier 運算放大器 numerical 數(shù)字的 amplitude modulation(AM)調(diào)幅 frequency-domain 頻域 frequency modulation(FM)調(diào)頻 time-domain 時域 binary 二進制 operation amplifier 運算放大器 octal 八進制 active filter 有源濾波器 decimal 十進制 passive filter 無源濾波器 hexadecimal 十

第四篇：電氣工程及其自動化專業(yè)英語

電氣工程及其自動化專業(yè)英語

老師：

學(xué)生:

專業(yè)：電氣工程及其自動化

學(xué)院：

學(xué)號：

Automatic Control system

自動控制系統(tǒng)

When a specific systemis proposed for a given application,it must

satisfy certain requirements.This may involve the system response or optimization of the system in a specified way.These requirements that a control system must meet are generally called performance specifications.當(dāng)一個精細的系統(tǒng)被推引入一個給定的應(yīng)用程序的時候，它必須滿足這個特定的要求。這個可能包括系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)或者系統(tǒng)精細方法的最佳組合。一般把這些一個系統(tǒng)必須處理的要求叫做性能指標(biāo)。

The performance that of a control system can be considered in three parts.The first part pertains to the specification as they directly relate to system response.The second has to do with a

performance index that is a functionof the erroror output.The last part is concerned with system error caused by parameter variations.一個控制系統(tǒng)的性能可以從三個部分來考慮。第一個部分涉及到的規(guī)格直接和系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)有關(guān)。第二個部分和誤差與輸出功能的性能指標(biāo)有關(guān)。第三個部分與參數(shù)變化引起的系統(tǒng)誤差相聯(lián)系。

Control system specifications can directly related to system response as shown in the Fig 8.1.This type of information is germane to second-order systems of higher-order systems which have a pair of characteristic zeroes that are complex and dominate the transient behavior.For example ,a system with characteristic zeroes at-5,-10+j2and-0.5+j2 is a fifth-order system but the dominant zeroes are-0.5+j2.The commonly used terms to describe system specification are peak

overshoot ,rise time ,delay time ,setting time ,bandwidth ,damping ratio and undamped natural frequency.如圖8.1所示控制系統(tǒng)的規(guī)格可直接的與系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)有關(guān)。這類信息和二階系統(tǒng)和高階系統(tǒng)有關(guān)，此類系統(tǒng)的特征方程具有一對復(fù)數(shù)零點，對系統(tǒng)瞬態(tài)響應(yīng)起主要作用。例如，一個有以-5，-10+j2,和-0.5+j2作為特征根的系統(tǒng)是五階系統(tǒng)，但是這個系統(tǒng)的正解是-0.5+j2.通常用來描述系統(tǒng)規(guī)格的方法是尖峰超越量，上升時間，延遲時間，穩(wěn)定時間，帶寬，阻尼比率，無阻尼自然頻率。

Peak Overshoot

尖峰超越量

This is measured when the response has maximum value.It is an indication of the largest error between input and output during the transient state.For the system considered we observed that the peak overshoot increased as the damping ratio decreased.The concept of peak overshoot is not limited to only second-order systems.It is often used for higher-order systems that have a

dominant pair of complex poles.These poles are those located nearest the imaginary axis.In most well-designed systems ,peak overshoots are lower than 30%.這個是在響應(yīng)有最大值的時候測量得到的。這是系統(tǒng)在不穩(wěn)定部分內(nèi)輸入和輸出之間最大的誤差的象征。對于這個系統(tǒng)我們觀察到尖峰超越量在無阻尼比率下降的時候上升。尖峰超越量的概念不僅限制于二階系統(tǒng)。它還經(jīng)常用在有一對顯性的復(fù)數(shù)極點的高階系統(tǒng)。這些極點就是那些位于離虛周最近的極點。在多數(shù)精心設(shè)計的系統(tǒng)里，尖峰超越量低于30%。Rise Time

上升時間

The rise time is a measure of the speed of response.It is defined as the time necessary for the response to rise from 10%to 90%of its final steady state error.Sometimes an equivalent measure is to represent the rise time as the reciprocal of the slope of the response at the instant the response is 50%of its final steady state value.For second-order underdamped systems ,the time to reach the peak overshoot is also a good measure of the speed of response.上升時間衡量系統(tǒng)的響應(yīng)速度。它定義了響應(yīng)從穩(wěn)定部分誤差的10%上升到90%需要的時間。有時用一個等效值來代替上升時間，及響應(yīng)達到穩(wěn)態(tài)值的50%時，輸出響應(yīng)上升斜率的倒數(shù)。對于二階欠阻尼系統(tǒng)，到達尖峰超越量的時間也是一個較好的對系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)速度的衡

量。

Delay Time

延遲時間

The time necessary for the response to reach some value(usually 50%)of its steady state value is called delay time.響應(yīng)到需要達穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)的某些值（通常是50%）的時間叫做延遲時間。

Settling Time

穩(wěn)定時間

The settling time is defined as the time necessary for the response to increase to and stay within a specified range of its final value.Two of five percent is often stated as the tolerable range.The number of oscillations necessary to reach this condition is also a useful index.穩(wěn)定時間定義的是響應(yīng)增加到或保持在系統(tǒng)的終值得指定的單元中所需要的時間。Bandwidth

帶寬

The bandwidth is defined as the frequency at which the output magnitude is 0.707as compared to the output magnitude at low(or zero)frequency when the system is subjected to sinusoidal inputs.帶寬定義為一個頻率，當(dāng)系統(tǒng)在正弦形式輸入作用下，在該頻率上輸出幅值和低頻（或零頻）時的輸出幅值之比為0.707.Damping Ratio

阻尼比

This is a ratio of the system damping to the critical damping for a second-order system。It measures the damping of a complex pole pair.Higher-order systems may have more than one damping ratio although the damping measured by the most dominant complex pole pair is of most importance.The damping ratio is an important parameter in determining the transient performance and stability of a system.這是一個二階系統(tǒng)的阻尼與臨界阻尼的比。它衡量主導(dǎo)極點的阻尼。高階系統(tǒng)可以有多個阻尼比，而由主導(dǎo)極點做對應(yīng)的阻尼是最重要的。阻尼比是一個重要的用來確定系統(tǒng)的瞬態(tài)性能和穩(wěn)定性的參數(shù)。

Underdamped Natural Frequency

欠阻尼的固有頻率

This is directly related the “springiness”of a system.Like the damping ratio it may be applied to second-order systems or higher-ordersystems possessing dominant poles.這直接和系統(tǒng)的彈性相關(guān)。像阻尼比一樣，它可能被應(yīng)用到二階或高階系統(tǒng)來確定主導(dǎo)極點。

System specifications are also given in terms of the error constants as well as the system type.The error constants are used to relate the system gain and time constants to the system error of a unity feedback system.They measure directly the minimum ideal steady state error of a system for a step ,ramp and parabola input.系統(tǒng)規(guī)格同樣可以以誤差系數(shù)和系統(tǒng)類型來表示。誤差系數(shù)用來把單位反饋系統(tǒng)的增益及時間常數(shù)和系統(tǒng)誤差聯(lián)系在一起。它們用來直接衡量一個系統(tǒng)的階躍，斜坡，拋物線輸入的最小且理想的誤差區(qū)域。

第五篇：電氣工程及其自動化專業(yè)英語介紹

Electrical Engineering and Automation

Electrical Engineering and Automation was created at forty years ago.AS a new subject, it is relating to many walks of life, small to a switch designed to study aerospace aircraft, has its shadow.Electrical Engineering and Automation of electrical information professional is an emerging field of science, but because of people's daily lives and industrial production is closely related to the extraordinarily rapid development of relatively more mature now.High-tech industry has become an important component of the widely used in industry, agriculture, national defense and other fields, in the national economy is playing an increasingly important role.Worse more, Electrical Engineering and Automation is very hard to learn.The graduate should obtain much knowledge and ability.Such as natural science foundations include more sturdy mathematics, physics, etc, better Humanity, social science basic for sum foreign language for integration capability.Besides the essential technological basic theory knowledge of the originally professional field, mainly include circuit, electric magnetic field theory, electronic technology, information place in system Paying attention to, control theory, computer software and

hardware basic theories.And so on.Control theory and electrical network theory is a professional electrical engineering and automation of the base, power electronics technology, computer technology is its main technical means, but also includes a system analysis, system design, system development and system management and decision-making research.There are some characteristics of the profession, that is, combining the strength of power, electrical and electronic technology, software and hardware combined with a cross-disciplinary nature, electricity, electronics, control, computer integrated multi-disciplinary, so that graduates with strong adaptation capacity.電氣10-3班

魏學(xué)軍

25號