第一篇：清明節(jié)中譯英參考譯文

清明節(jié)

The Pure Brightness Festival The Pure Brightness Day, one of the 24 Seasonal Division Points, is also an ancient traditional festival in China.It falls in the third lunar month or around April 5th in the solar calendar, when the spring scene is radiant and enchanting and the air is refreshing, hence, its name.清明是二十四節(jié)氣之一，也是中國一個古老的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。清明節(jié)在農(nóng)歷三月，公歷4月5日左右，此時春光明媚，空氣清新，清明節(jié)因此得名。

On this day, people have the custom of sweeping the graves for their ancestors, take an outing in the countryside and wear a willow twig on the head.清明節(jié)人們有掃墓祭祖和踏青插柳的習(xí)俗。

The Chinese have the tradition to respect the aged.Thus, when the day comes, every family will go to the countryside to hold a memorial ceremony at their ancestors’ tombs.People get rid of any weeds growing around the tomb, burn incense and offer food and paper money to show their remembrance and respect for their ancestors.This is called “visiting a grave” or “sweeping a grave”.中國人有敬老的傳統(tǒng), 因此，每到清明節(jié)這天，家家戶戶都要到郊外去祭掃祖先的墳?zāi)?。人們?yōu)閴災(zāi)钩ルs草，在墳前點上香，擺上食物和紙錢，表示對祖先的思念和敬意。這叫上墳，也叫掃墓。

At this time, the grass of the countryside is sprouting, willows along rivers have put forth new buds;it is fresh green everywhere, a good time for an outing.In ancient times, people used to wear a willow twig in their hair at this time because it was supposed to be able to drive away ghosts and disasters.清明時節(jié)，小草發(fā)芽，河邊柳樹長出嫩芽，到處一片新綠，正是遠足的好時候。古人常常把樹枝戴在頭上（插柳），據(jù)說插柳可以驅(qū)除鬼怪和災(zāi)難。

第二篇：中譯英技巧之讓譯文簡潔明了

中譯英技巧之讓譯文簡潔明了

漢字語境下長大的人一般都很注意“偶語易安，奇字難適”的漢語音韻特點，對“互文見義”的表達，非但不覺累贅，反而樂此不疲。所以，諸如“無窮無盡”“冷若冰霜”“當事者迷，旁觀者清”之類語義顯然重復(fù)的說法，在漢語母語者眼中絲毫沒有不妥。然而，講求嚴謹，注重邏輯的英語則十分忌諱語義重復(fù)，英語中除了像save and sound, bag and baggage等少數(shù)幾個押頭韻習(xí)語外，一般難以見到類似的無意義重復(fù)。故而在影視譯配和會議翻譯的中譯英工作中，一定要在注意英語的語言習(xí)慣。請看下面例子：

1.道路崎嶇不平。

原譯：The road is rough and bumpy.2.祝你圓滿成功！

原譯：I wish you complete success!

3.倉庫全部塌下來。

原譯：The warehouse completely collapsed.4.耳聽為虛，眼見為實。

原譯：Hearing is vague, seeing is believing.以上例句中的漢語原文十分自然，英語翻譯則顯累贅。以句1為例，“崎嶇不平”乃漢語互文見義表達，同時也是出于 協(xié)調(diào)平仄效果的考慮，中國人覺得并無不妥。但在英語中，rough 與bumpy 卻屬于明顯無意義重復(fù)，英美人并不認可。句2的情形也一樣，success已經(jīng)是指“圓滿成功”，否則就不能說success.句3中的 collapse指的就是“全部塌下”，如果僅是部分塌下，則不宜使用collapse.至于例句4，“耳聽為虛，眼見為實”也是屬于互文見義的強調(diào)型修 辭，譯成英語只需取其一義即可。所以，上述例子的正確英譯應(yīng)該是：

1.The road is rough.2.I wish you success!

3.The warehouse collapsed.4.Seeing is believing.不妨再來看幾個類似句例：

他仍然還是個單身漢。

原譯：He still remains a bachelor.改譯：He remains a bachelor.或者：He is still a bachelor.必須堅決禁止賭博。

原譯：Gambling must be firmly banned.改譯：Gambling must be banned.他們向我揮手。

原譯：They waved their hands to me.改譯：They waved to me.她是一位著名女企業(yè)家。

原譯：She is a famous female businesswoman.改譯：She is a famous businesswoman.當然，累贅型“中式英語”絕不僅限于以上類型，中國人的修辭風格、行文風格以及基于音義的對仗、排比等，也很容易導(dǎo)致累贅型英譯。比如2006年“世界歷史文化名城 市長論壇南京宣言”中有這樣一句話：

我們承諾：追求天人和諧，人際和諧，身心和諧，追求人人相親，人人平等，天下為公，努力實現(xiàn) 我們城市的和諧統(tǒng)一。

這里所說的“天人和諧”、“人際和諧”、“ 身心和諧”、“人人相親”、“人人平等”、“天下為公”，無疑都體現(xiàn)中華文化的內(nèi)涵。但是，如果將它們原樣照搬地直譯成英文恐怕就難免出現(xiàn)冗長和累贅。以“身心 和諧”和“天下為公”為例，它們的英譯分別是harmony between body and mind和the whole world as one community.可在“世界歷史文化名城市長論壇”的宣言中鄭重其事地提出要追求基于陰陽五行之上的 “harmony between body and mind” 是不是恰當呢？至于在列舉了那么多的“和諧”追求，以及“人人相親”“人人平等”的目標后，再另加一個漢字語境下聲勢奪人，英語語境下卻平淡無奇的對“天 下為公（the whole world as one community）”的追求，似乎也有點不倫不類?！澳暇┬浴钡挠⒄Z文本對這段話是這樣翻譯的：

We are committed to achieving harmony between man and nature, in people-to-people relationships, and in the development of urban societies.We will work for fraternity, equality, and justice.原文中“身心和諧”、“人人相親”、“ 人人平等”、“天下為公”的“四字格”表述在譯文中通通被融進了整句話的意境和精神中，不需另譯出。而這樣做的結(jié)果是譯文反而愈顯蘊義明晰、簡潔得體。既傳達出原文的本質(zhì)含義，又避免了照搬漢語行文風格而導(dǎo)致的英文表述拖泥帶水，值得我們借鑒。

我們看到改譯后的文字不僅簡介，而且完全能表達原文的含義。在法律翻譯和合同翻譯中，言簡意賅是再好不過的了，畫蛇添足反而無法符合本地化翻譯的要求。

（博語北京翻譯公司 編輯）

第三篇：2013中譯英范文

黃浦區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.這個故事激勵年輕人為更美好的生活奮斗。(inspire）時光飛逝，尤其當你聚精會神地讀一本好書時。（absorb）安全系統(tǒng)不會允許你進入大樓，除非你有正確的密碼。(unless)我從未想到過會在機場遇到多年未曾謀面的老朋友。(It)無用信息的傳播會對人類社會產(chǎn)生不利影響的事實已經(jīng)引起公眾的注意。（that） The story inspires/inspired the youth /young people to struggle/strive for a better life.Time passes/flies quickly, especially when you are absorbed in reading a good book.The security system will not permit/allow you to enter the building unless you have the correct password.It never occurred to me that I would meet my old friend(who/whom)I hadn’t seen for quite a few years at the

airport.5.The fact that the spread of useless information can have a bad effect on human society has attracted the

attention/awareness of the public.楊浦區(qū)（第一次學(xué)業(yè)調(diào)研）

1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.5.記得要學(xué)與思相結(jié)合。(combine)黨號召官員們提高效率，避免浪費。(call)人們保護個人信息的意識有待提高。(remain)開發(fā)清潔的公共交通是被廣泛認可的改善空氣質(zhì)量的好方法。(recognize)這位總統(tǒng)一直為緩慢的經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇和諸多外交事務(wù)的挑戰(zhàn)憂心忡忡，但至今仍束手無策。(worry) Remember to combine learning with thinking.The Party calls on officials to increase efficiency and avoid waste.People’s awareness of personal information protection remains to be raised.Developing clean public transportation is widely recognized as a good way to improve air quality.The president has been worrying about the slow economic recovery and many challenges in foreign affairs, but so

far he hasn’t found a way out.浦東新區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.他下定決心要實現(xiàn)抱負。(determine)居民們都希望有朝一日能更方便地享受圖書館的優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)。（access）老師的贊賞給了我很大的鼓舞，這對一名學(xué)生而言非常寶貴。（which）接完電話，他既沒關(guān)門也沒關(guān)燈就匆匆忙忙離開了辦公室。（with）實驗結(jié)果與我們所期望的大相徑庭，但我們相信探索越多，就越可能成功。（likely）

1.He is determined to realize/accomplish/achieve/fulfill his ambition.2.Residents all hope that they can have easy assess to the quality service of libraries one day(some day).3.The teacher’s compliment(s)gave me(filled me with)a great encouragement(inspiration), which is so precious for a

student.4.Having answered the phone, he left the office in a hurry with the door open and the light(s)on.5.The result of the experiment is totally different(contrary to)from what we have expected, but we believe(that)the

more we explore, the more likely we are to/will succeed.徐匯區(qū)、松江區(qū)、金山區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.這三天的社會實踐讓我們受益匪淺。（benefit）令我們寬慰的是，政府正在采取措施改善我們的住房條件。(relief)盡管困難重重，他從未放棄過成為一名優(yōu)秀建筑師的愿望。（desire）第一次看Gangnam Style的時候，其生動的節(jié)奏，富有創(chuàng)意的舞蹈，給我留下了深刻的印象。（The first time）一些大城市的空氣正日益惡化，這應(yīng)該讓我們警覺到：環(huán)保意識的缺乏已讓市民付出了健康的代價。(alert)

1.We benefited a lot from the three-day social practice./ The three-day social practice benefited us a lot.2.To our relief, the government is taking measures/action to improve our housing conditions.3.Despite many difficulties / In spite of many difficulties, he never gave up his desire to become /be an excellent /

outstanding / a distinguished architect.4.The first time I watched Gangnam Style, I was deeply impressed by its lively rhythm and creative dance./ its lively

rhythm and creative dance impressed me a lot / deeply / greatly.5.The air quality in some big cities is getting / becoming from bad to worse, which should alert us(to the fact)that the

lack of environmental awareness has come at the expense of the health of the citizens./ the lack of environmental awareness(lacking environmental awareness)has cost the citizens their health./...that the citizens have paid(high)price for the lack of environmental awareness.閔行區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.5.(worth)這孩子年齡太小，無法應(yīng)對這么復(fù)雜的局面。(too...to...)當我心情不佳時，我常聽聽音樂來去除煩惱。(mood)經(jīng)過熱烈討論，我們一致同意再為那所小學(xué)捐贈一臺電腦。(agree)事實證明網(wǎng)絡(luò)購物存在風險，因此下定單之前一定要深思熟慮。(exist) electronic dictionary worth buying?The child is too young to deal with such complicated situation.When I am in a bad mood, I often listen to music to remove troubles.After a heated discussion, we all agreed to donate another computer for the primary school.Evidence has proved that risks exist in on-line shopping, so you have to think carefully before you place an order.虹口區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.你很有可能在這次考試中取得好成績。(likely)每天攝入太多的鹽和糖會對人體的健康造成嚴重的損害。(take in)汽油價格的不斷上漲對人民的生活和國家的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。(affect)迄今雖說屢屢采取嚴控措施，但絕大多數(shù)人仍然覺得難以承擔目前的高房價。(though)他向經(jīng)理保證，一經(jīng)錄用，他會竭盡所能為公司服務(wù)，絕不辜負公司的期望并為自己的理想打拼。(assure)

1.You are most likely to achieve good results in this examination./ It’s most likely that you will achieve good results

in this examination.2.Taking in too much salt and sugar every day will / may cause serious damage to people’s health./ It will / may

cause serious damage to people’s health if they take in too much salt and sugar every day.3.The constant / continuous rise in gasoline prices / That the prices of gasoline went up / rose constantly /

continuously has greatly affected the people’s life and the development of the country’s economy.4.Though severe / strict control measures have been taken repeatedly / again and again by now / up to now, the vast

majority of people / most people still feel / find it difficult / hard to afford the current high housing prices.5.He assured the manager that if / once(he was)appointed / accepted, he would do his best to work for / serve the

company, live up to the expectation of the company and strive for his own ideal.奉賢區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.我們應(yīng)積極參加各種各樣的課外活動。(variety)公司在意的不是員工的長相，而是他們的工作表現(xiàn)。(care)記住，你的父母也曾經(jīng)年少，大多數(shù)情況下他們能理解你正在經(jīng)歷的事情。(what)充足的鍛煉、健康的飲食、規(guī)律的作息對保持最佳考試狀態(tài)至關(guān)重要。(key)黃浦江被污染后，政府采取了許多有效的措施以改善水質(zhì)，這使公眾很滿意。(improve)

1.We should take an active part in a variety of out-of-class activities.2.What a company cares about is not the employees’ appearance, but their job performance.3.Remember that your parents were teenagers once and that, in most cases, they can understand what you’re going

through.4.Adequate exercise, healthy eating/a healthy diet and regular sleep are the key to staying in top shape for exams.5.After the Huangpu River was polluted, the government has taken many effective measures to improve the quality of

the water, which has greatly satisfied the public.靜安區(qū)、楊浦區(qū)、寶山區(qū)、青浦區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.5.許多駕駛員對新的交通法規(guī)都感到不習(xí)慣。(use)傳統(tǒng)的火車票購買方式已經(jīng)被網(wǎng)絡(luò)購買方式所取代了。(replace)過不了幾天他們就會把面試結(jié)果寄給你的。(It)我們非常關(guān)心食品質(zhì)量，因為它與每一個人的健康都息息相關(guān)。(concern)那些消防戰(zhàn)士冒著生命危險把困在著火的屋子里的老人和小孩全部救了出來。（trap） Many drivers don’t get used to the new traffic rules.The traditional way of buying train tickets has already been replaced by the one through the Internet.It won’t be a few days before they mail you the result about the interview.We are all concerned about the food quality because it is closely related to everyone’s health.Those firefighters risked their life to successfully rescue all the old and children trapped in the burning house.普陀區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.5.我們昨晚沒有回家作業(yè)。(free)為了紀念這位戰(zhàn)士，將舉辦一場音樂會。(memory)能否充分利用能源是科學(xué)家所面對的重要問題。(use)聽說他的幽默感為英語節(jié)開幕式平添了一份快樂。(add）對語言學(xué)習(xí)者來說，接觸英文材料并養(yǎng)成好的習(xí)慣能提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。(expose) We were free from homework last night.In memory of the soldier, a concert will be held.Whether energy can be made good use of is an important problem scientists have faced.It was said that his sense of humor had added to happiness of the opening ceremony of English festival.For language learners, being exposed to English materials and developing good habits can enhance learning

efficiency.閘北區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.5.家長們越來越關(guān)注孩子的心理健康。(health)必須采取果斷措施應(yīng)對食品污染問題。(must)經(jīng)過勸說，瑪麗總算打消了去那個偏遠城市安家的念頭。(idea)只要你可以上網(wǎng)，任何難題幾乎都可瞬間解決。(access)盡管生產(chǎn)商宣稱這款天然的洗發(fā)水不含任何化學(xué)成分，消費者仍然興趣寥寥。(although) Parents pay more and more attention to children’s mental health.Decisive measures must be taken to deal with the problem of food pollution.Having been persuaded, Mary finally gave up the idea of settling down in that remote city.As long as you have access to the Internet, almost any difficult problem can be solved instantly.Although the manufacturer claimed that this kind of purely natural shampoo didn’t contain any chemicals,customers still showed little interest.長寧區(qū)、嘉定區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.過馬路時務(wù)必要小心。（sure）聽流行音樂是我課余最愛的放松方式。（relax）是要都有副作用，這是每個人都應(yīng)該有的醫(yī)學(xué)常識。（which）那晚在觀眾席中看女兒彈鋼琴，她的父母是多么地自豪?。。℉ow）即便上海牌照（the license plate）的價格一路飆升，人們對私家車的需求依然如故。（remain）

1.2.3.4.5.Be sure to be careful when crossing the road.Listening to pop music is my favorite way to relax after school.All medicine has side effects, which is medical knowledge everyone should have.How proud the parents were that night when they sat in the audience watching their daughter playing the piano!Despite the soaring price of license plate in Shanghai, people’s need for private cars remain the same.

第四篇：中譯英祝福語

金玉滿堂：Treasures fill the home

生意興?。築usiness flourishes

歲歲平安：Peace all year round

恭喜發(fā)財：Wishing you prosperity

和氣生財：Harmony brings wealth

心想事成：May all your wishes come true

吉祥如意：Everything goes well

國泰民安：The country flourishes and people live in peace

招財進寶：Money and treasures will be plentiful

一帆風順：Wishing you every success

步步高升：Promoting to a higher position

出入平安：Safe trip wherever you go

郎才女貌 talented guy and beautiful lady

天緣巧合 a destiny given by heaven and a wonderful match

天作之和 a match by heaven

心心相印 a complete meeting of minds

永結(jié)同心 to be of one mind forever

相親相愛 to be kind and love to each other

百年好合 a harmonious union lasting a hundred years

永浴愛河 bathe in a river of love forever

佳偶天成 an ideal couple

百年琴瑟 married couple for a hundred years

百年偕老(of a married couple)to stick to each other for a hundred years

花好月圓 the flowers are in full bloom, and the moon is full-ideal time for wedding福祿鴛鴦 a happy wealthy couple

天緣巧合 a destiny given by heaven and a wonderful match

美滿良緣 a happy and wonderful marriage

夫唱婦隨 the man sings, the wife follows-domestic harmony

珠聯(lián)璧合 an excellent match

鳳凰于飛 a couple of phoenixes on the wing-happy marriage

美滿家庭 a happy family

琴瑟和鳴 marital harmony;happy married life

相敬如賓(of a married couple)to respect each other as if the other were a guest

第五篇：中譯英練習(xí)

Final Examination in C-to-E Translating Practice for the Graduate Students of 2008 Class(A Take-Home Examination)

Scores:

Translate the following passages into English, using what you have learned from the related courses in this semester.Try your best to make your English versions as readable and idiomatic as possible so as to fully demonstrate your C-to-E Translating proficiency.1、“胎教”自古不新鮮

作者：郭燦金

“胎教”似乎是件新鮮事，是個新名詞。然而，我國古代就有非常完整的胎教理論，并且“胎教”這個名詞也是古人創(chuàng)造的。

中國是世界上最早提出胎教的國家。在二千多前的《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》中，就有關(guān)于“胎病”的論述?！洞蟠鞫Y保傅》對于胎教更作出了明確的規(guī)定：“古者胎教，王后腹之七月，而就宴室。太史持銅而御戶左，太宰持斗而御戶右。比及三月者，王后所求聲音非禮樂，則太師缊瑟而稱不習(xí)；所求滋味者非正味，則太宰依斗而言曰：不敢以待王太子?！睋?jù)《史記》記載，中國古代第一個對其子進行胎教的是周文王的母親太任，因為受了嚴格的胎教，周文王生下來非常聰明。文王的孫子周成王也是接受過胎教之后而生，長大后也是智力超常。周朝就是這樣用胎教的方法培養(yǎng)出一代代的理想接班人。到了漢代，各種書籍中出現(xiàn)了大量胎教內(nèi)容的記載和論述，初步形成了胎教學(xué)說。宋代名醫(yī)陳自明在《婦人大全良方》就有專篇“胎教論”。賈誼《新書》也有專門的《胎教》篇?！额伿霞矣?xùn)》也記載了相關(guān)內(nèi)容：王后懷孩子三個月時，就要搬出皇宮，讓她住在別宮里，眼不看不該看的東西，耳不聽不該聽的東西，所聽音樂和所嗜口味等，都要按禮儀進行節(jié)制。到了明代，胎教學(xué)說更進一步完善和全面。清代陳夢雷等人把歷代胎教學(xué)說匯集一起，立為“小兒未生胎養(yǎng)門”。

古人還曾這樣總結(jié)過：“訓(xùn)子須從胎教始，端蒙必自小學(xué)初?！闭婵芍^，“胎教”自古不新鮮。

（本文選自《讀書文摘》2009年第5期，作者署名郭燦金。建議：先查證、弄懂文中的古漢語表述的準確含義之后，再行治譯。）

①foetus education，nothing new since antiquity

Author: Guo Canjin

“foetus education”, seemly a new word, something strange, actually was created by people far from ancient times with a complete set of theory of antenatal training.It is China that first put forward the idea of foetus education.Treatments on fetal disease was recorded in the book back to 2,000 years —The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine.The detailed prescriptions about prenatal training in Da, Sir.’s Book of Rites, Baaofu, read “ According to the ancient foetus education, the queen would be suggested to move to side-room Palace(a living place next to the room of Emperor)in her 7th month pregnancy, where Taishi(also called court historian or Grand Tutor, a formal name in ancient)holding the Tong(a kind of musical instrument)awaited the queen’s instructions beside the left of the door and meanwhile another official Taizai holding Dou(a kind of cooker, sometimes used as tableware)waited at the right of the door.In the last three months of queen’s pregnancy, Taishi would softly touch the musical instrument and pretend unfamiliar to play those pieces not living up to courtesy even though required by the queen.On the other hand, if ordered the improper menu, Taizai would not dare to cook by saying his incompetence in serving crown prince.According to Records of the Grand Historian of China, the first Chinese in ancient times taking the prenatal training was King Wen’s mother Tairen.Having been received strict antenatal training, King Wen of Zhou was born very clever.And King Wen’s grandson King Cheng of Zhou was also exceptional talent after receiving foetus education.Just in this way could Zhou dynasty educate many ideal successors generation after generation.When it came to Han Dynasty, a number of records and comments about foetus education emerging in public books initially formed the foetus education theory.In Song Dynasty, a famous doctor named Chen Ziming, wrote an essay specially for foetus education theory.In addition, JiaYi also made his article On Antenatal Training And Nursing published in New Book.Some relevant information were set down in Family Instructions of the Yan's: in the third month of queen’s pregnancy, she had to move from palace to side-room, not to see those should not see or hear those should not hear, and on matter what music queen would like to listen to or what dishes to eat, they must be performed rigorously and temperately according to proprieties.Advanced to Ming Dynasty, this theory was further improved and perfected.In Qing Dynasty, Chen Menglei and others collected those papers about foetus education in past dynasties together, titled “ An Educational Guidebook To Unborn Babies.The ancients used to make a summary as follows: child education should be started from womb and shape education direction from elementary stage.①古時候胎教，王后懷孕七個月后，就到宴室（宮殿名，側(cè)室，燕寢之旁（燕寢，古代多指帝王寢息之所）).太史(應(yīng)該是太師，古代三公之一(三公—太師、太傅、太保)，責為倫道經(jīng)邦，為太子師法）拿著銅（古代的一種樂器）侍奉在門的左邊，太宰（其職貴是輔佐君主治理國家）拿著斗（斗，一種餐具兼炊具方形，口大底小，有柄）站在右邊，最后三個月（即產(chǎn)前三個月），王后要求聽的樂曲不符合禮的標準，這樣的話太師就會撫摸著樂器說自己不熟悉，不會演奏；所要求吃的滋味菜肴不是正確的，這樣的話太宰就會拿著斗不敢烹調(diào)菜肴，說自己不敢服侍王太子。

2、五·四隨想

作者：澧 人

屈指數(shù)“五四”，今年九十齡。這段歲月可不算短，期間吞沒了無數(shù)的英雄塊壘，美人情腸，真乃人活一世，草木一秋。但也有許多人雖死猶生，比如以陳獨秀、胡適和魯迅為代表的“五四”先賢們。

在“五四”一代文化人中，最具歷史影響力的人物當數(shù)胡適和魯迅。古人云：“春者，天

①之本懷；秋者，天之別調(diào)。”將此觀點作一引申，胡適和魯迅，大略也可視為本懷和別調(diào)之關(guān)系。不少學(xué)者慨嘆，魯迅一生有大孤獨橫亙于心，但在我看來，就心性和稟賦而言，胡適或許比魯迅更孤獨。我們可以從嵇康、徐渭、李贄等古人身上找到魯迅的影子，但要從中國文化史上找一個胡適的前身或影子，則基本上無望。所以，理解魯迅并不比理解胡適更為困難。

魯迅棄醫(yī)從文，但終生不脫醫(yī)家的眼光。他深知中國人的靈魂病得很重，但究竟如何療救，四顧彷徨的他又苦無良策；胡適棄農(nóng)從文，卻又像農(nóng)學(xué)家那樣希望地里長出好莊稼。他帶回了新的種子，并將畢生精力耗在克服水土不服這一難題上。這是兩個為國家命運而心力交瘁、苦惱萬分的中國人，并因為這種苦惱而高貴。

正值“五四”九十周年，有關(guān)民主的話題自然受到人們的關(guān)切。前不久，俞可平在《半月談》上發(fā)表文章，題為《關(guān)于民主亟待厘清的六個關(guān)系》。這篇文章最引人注目之處，在于提出“以發(fā)展民生去代替發(fā)展民主，是一種錯誤的思維”。是的，在當下中國，阻礙民生發(fā)展的諸多問題，如財富分配不公、納稅人負擔沉重、公款消費數(shù)量驚人、權(quán)錢交易活動猖獗、經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域壟斷色彩依然濃厚等，都非發(fā)展民主不能解決。當然，發(fā)展民主的意義不只局限于發(fā)展民生，它還有助于人們獲得更多的自由、尊嚴和真實。人類不是單純的經(jīng)濟動物，除了企盼生活在富裕中，還希望生活在自由中，生活在尊嚴中，生活在真實中。不可侵犯的權(quán)利使人安享自由，手中握有的選票讓人活得有尊嚴感，強有力的輿論監(jiān)督幫助人們獲得真實的信息。

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（本文節(jié)選自《書屋》2009年第5期上的“書屋絮語”欄目，作者署名澧 人。題目是選作考試材料時加上去的?；趯W(xué)生漢譯英能力進行測試的考慮，文字作了些許刪減。）

Random Thoughts On May Fourth Movement

Author: Li Ren

“May Fourth” has been 90 years old.90 years are long enough to kill a great many heroes’ and beauties’ hopes.It’s usually said that lives are as changeable as seasons.However, represented by Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, and Lu Xun, a number of sages of May Fourth, still live on in spirit.Among those May Fourth intellectuals, the most influence are surely Hu Shi and Lu Xun.Ancient cloud: “Spring is the true color of the nature;autumn is just an additional emotional appeal.” Extension of this sentence means the general relationship of nature and scene between Hu Shi and Lu Xun.Many a scholar sighs with regrets that Lu Xun is lonely all through his life, nevertheless, in my opinion, from the point of temperament and endowment, maybe Hu Shi is more lonely than Lu Xun.We also can see Lu Xun’s image from Ji Kan, Xu Wei, Li Zhi and others.But it is basically in vain to look for a precursor or a figure like Hu Shi in Chinese culture.So it is not so hard to understand Lu Xun than Hu Shi.Lu Xun abandoned the study of medicine to another field of literature and looked at things in the view of a doctor.He knew very well that Chinese were badly spiritual ill but he still wondered how to find the way to cure them;on the other hand, Hu Shi shifted from the agriculture domain to writing.Like farmers who wish the land can yield good crops, Mr Hu took new seeds home and devoted his whole life to the problem of accustoming seeds to new circumstances.They are two great persons putting all their efforts on country’s destiny, eventually mentally and physically exhausted, however, becoming noble for what they are annoying.At the 90th anniversary of May Fourth Movement, undoubtedly the topic of democracy is being discussed.Not long before, Yu Keping had his one article published on China Comment titled—On six need-to-be-clarified democratic relations, the highlight of which is that it puts forward a point—it is a wrong thinking way to develop people's livelihood instead of democracy.In present China, there are actually many problems hindering the development of people’s livelihood, for instance the unjust distribution of wealth, heavy burden on taxpayers, the surprising number of misuse of public funds, rampancy of power-for-money deal, strongly monopoly of the economic field, and so on.All these can not be solved without developing democracy.It is sure that the development of democracy is not limited to the development of people’s livelihood and it also contributed to the pursuit of more freedom, dignity and benefit for people.Human beings, not merely economic animals, besides to live an affluent life, they also expect to live a free life, a life with dignity, and a real life as well.Inviolable rights enable people to enjoy their freedom so a vote in hand gives people a feeling that they live in dignity, and strong public opinion helps people get the real information.①春天才是大自然本來的面目, 秋天只是額外加出來的景象、情調(diào)