第一篇：中譯英翻譯技巧
一、戒“從一而終”
漢語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)意賅，句子靈活，往往是一個(gè)漢語(yǔ)詞匯對(duì)應(yīng)N個(gè)英語(yǔ)詞匯，具體到在本句中應(yīng)該采用哪個(gè)意項(xiàng)，務(wù)必抓住精神實(shí)質(zhì)，不可以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變。至于怎么應(yīng)變，這就是顯示譯者功力的地方了。
比如：都是“問(wèn)題”，下面的翻譯各不相同，幾乎是打一槍換一個(gè)地方。
共同關(guān)心的問(wèn)題 questions of common interest
解決問(wèn)題 solve a problem
問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵 the heart of the matter
關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題 a key problem
原則問(wèn)題 a question/matter of principle
沒(méi)有什么問(wèn)題 without any mishap
摩托車有點(diǎn)問(wèn)題 Something is wrong with the motorcycle.問(wèn)題不在這里 That is not the point.譯者要掌握這種漢英翻譯中的“游擊戰(zhàn)術(shù)”，翻譯家應(yīng)是不同“文化王國(guó)”邊境線上的“游擊戰(zhàn)略家”。
沙博里將《水滸傳》譯為：Outlaws of the Marsh(沼澤地上的亡命之徒)，楊憲益譯將屈原的《國(guó)殤》譯為：For Those Fallen forTheir Country，北外出版社將《儒林外史》譯為：The Scholars。這些都是譯者吃透了原文的原意而譯出的佳作。
二、戒望文生義，機(jī)械直譯
這多半是初學(xué)者犯的毛病，他們易于被表面現(xiàn)象所迷惑。
黃牛(yellow cow——ox前誤后正，下同)黃鸝(yellow bird ——oriole)
黃瓜(yellow melon——cucumber)紫菜(purple vegetable ——laver)
紅木(red wood——padauk)紅豆杉(red fir——Chinese yew)
黑社會(huì)(black society ——sinister gang)
三、戒“水土不符”，習(xí)慣搭配失當(dāng)
這的確是難度系數(shù)較大的問(wèn)題，它要求譯者既有較高的中文修養(yǎng)，又要有較高的英文造詣，一知半解的人常常在此“翻車”。如：
寫(xiě)罷，擲筆在桌上。又歌了一回，再飲數(shù)杯酒，不覺(jué)沉醉，力不勝酒，便呼酒保計(jì)算了，取些銀子算還，多的都賞了酒保。
And tossed the pen on the table.He intoned the verses to himself, then downed a few more cups of wine.He was very dunk.Song-Jiang asked for the bill, paid, and told the waiter to keep the change.(沙博里譯《水滸傳·潯陽(yáng)樓宋江吟反詩(shī)》)
目前，《水滸傳》最好的英譯本要數(shù)沙博里先生的本子了。沙博里出生在美國(guó)，青年時(shí)來(lái)到中國(guó)，一住就是半個(gè)多世紀(jì)。為了譯好《水滸傳》，據(jù)說(shuō)他潛心研究了山東的地方志和舊時(shí)方言，可謂精誠(chéng)所致，譯著既“達(dá)”又“雅”。然而歷史告訴我們，中國(guó)古人沒(méi)有用過(guò)鋼筆，宋朝時(shí)用的還是毛筆，故the pen 應(yīng)改為the writing-brush。
下面的譯文就較好地照顧到了西方人的思維和理解習(xí)慣。
美國(guó)把貿(mào)易和扯在一起，只會(huì)損害兩國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。
The US policy of linking trade with human rights can only bring harm to the economic interests of the two countries.關(guān)起門來(lái)搞建設(shè)是不成的，中國(guó)的發(fā)展離不開(kāi)世界。China can't develop in isolation from the rest of the world.四、戒主語(yǔ)暗淡
主語(yǔ)是句子的靈魂，定住譯文的主語(yǔ)是關(guān)鍵的一步棋。主語(yǔ)定偏了，整個(gè)句子將顯得松散乏力，甚至?xí)`導(dǎo)讀者。例如：
如果這個(gè)問(wèn)題不解決，勢(shì)必影響兩國(guó)的利益。
Failure to settle this issue is bound to impair the relations between the two countries seriously.If the problem is not solved, it is sure to affect the interests between the two countries.在上面的兩種譯文中，顯然第一種譯文主語(yǔ)選得好，句子流暢。又如：
廚房里少了一條魚(yú)，主人發(fā)誓要一查到底，揪出偷魚(yú)的賊。夏威夷的沙灘上，椰影婆娑，海風(fēng)習(xí)習(xí)，一妙齡女郎正躺在白色的塑料椅上養(yǎng)神。
On the Hawaiian sandy beach, the coconut palms are whirling, the congenial sea breeze is blowing, and a young lady is lying in the white plastic chair resting to restore energy.因?yàn)槭禽p松讀本，又是描述性的文字，使用三個(gè)主語(yǔ)the coconut palms、the congenial sea breeze、a young lady仍是可取的。
五、戒結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，組合生硬“拉郎配”
由于漢英結(jié)構(gòu)不同，表達(dá)方式迥異，“硬性翻譯”不僅讀起來(lái)別扭，而且會(huì)鬧出笑話。這就要求譯者在翻譯時(shí)靈活使用整合的技巧，將句子整合，凸顯漢語(yǔ)中所隱含的層次，補(bǔ)充所缺失的成分。有時(shí)要將簡(jiǎn)單句譯成并列句，有時(shí)將并列句譯成主從句。
在紀(jì)念大學(xué)畢業(yè)20周年聚會(huì)時(shí)，我忽然問(wèn)起原來(lái)的班主任：“我個(gè)子又不矮，怎么把我安排在了第一排呢？”
At the reunionpartyfor 20 anniversary of graduation from university, I suddenly asked my former teacher in charge of our class then:“ Since I am not of short stature, how did you arrange me at the first row?”
一個(gè)高度近視的女博士去擦鞋店擦高統(tǒng)靴，禿頭老板親自蹲下來(lái)給她效勞。
When a woman doctor who suffers a severe myopic went to shoes-polishing shop for her buskins，the bald boss squatted down to serve her personally.六、戒“愚忠”，不諳增減之道
我們耳熟能詳?shù)臇|西外國(guó)人可能會(huì)感到一頭霧水，譯者需要增加必要的說(shuō)明和補(bǔ)充或者減譯。否則，外國(guó)人會(huì)不知所云。畢竟，漢譯英最終是給外國(guó)人看的。
例如：風(fēng)水
fengshui——the location of a house or tomb, supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family.七、戒語(yǔ)句重復(fù)
漢語(yǔ)多重復(fù)，以強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)氣；英語(yǔ)則要盡量避免重復(fù)。
王曰：“此鳥(niǎo)不飛則已，一飛沖天；不鳴則已，一鳴驚人?！?/p>
“The bird may not have flown yet”, replied the King,“Once it does, it will soar to the sky.I may not have cried out yet, but once it does, it will startle everyone.”
(楊憲益譯《史記-滑稽列傳》）
中國(guó)人也好，外國(guó)人也好，死人也好，活人也好，對(duì)的就是對(duì)的，不對(duì)的就是不對(duì)的。
What is right is right and what is wrong is wrong, no matter what it concerns, the Chinese or foreigners, the dead or the living.八、戒另起爐灶，走失精氣神
譯文要力求其“信”，盡可能契合漢語(yǔ)原來(lái)句子的氣勢(shì)、情緒和結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如，元朝人王實(shí)甫寫(xiě)下了《西廂記》，張雪靜改編后并作了翻譯——
掏出張生那封信，回頭環(huán)視見(jiàn)梳妝臺(tái)上的梳妝盒，眼睛一轉(zhuǎn)，心里說(shuō)有了，將信放了進(jìn)去，合上蓋時(shí)故意壓了一角露在外面。
Rose took out Zhang's letter, she thought, “It would be better to put it in her make-up case, and letter find it herself.” So she put the letter in the case, leaving a corner of it sticking out, so that it would be quickly noticed.不難看出，譯文與原文相去甚遠(yuǎn)，互不吻合，成了“兩張皮”。
你已經(jīng)死在過(guò)深的怨憤里了嗎？
死？不，不，我還活著——
請(qǐng)給我以火，給我以火！
Have you perished in this deep rancor and bitterness?
Death? No, no.I’m still alive.Please give me a light, give me a light!
我們承諾：追求天人和諧，人際和諧，身心和諧，追求人人相親，人人平等，天下為公，努力實(shí)現(xiàn) 我們城市的和諧統(tǒng)一。
這里所說(shuō)的“天人和諧”“人際和諧”“ 身心和諧”“人人相親”“人人平等”“天下為公”，無(wú)疑都體現(xiàn)中華文化的內(nèi)涵。但是，如果將它們?cè)瓨诱瞻岬刂弊g成英文恐怕就難免出現(xiàn)冗長(zhǎng)和累贅。以“身心和諧”和“天下為公”為例，它們的英譯分別是harmony between body and mind和the whole world as one community.可在“世界歷史文化名城市長(zhǎng)論壇”的宣言中鄭重其事地提出要追求基于陰陽(yáng)五行之上的 “harmony between body and mind” 是不是恰當(dāng)呢？至于在列舉了那么多的“和諧”追求，以及“人人相親”“人人平等”的目標(biāo)后，再另加一個(gè)漢字語(yǔ)境下聲勢(shì)奪人，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)境下卻平淡無(wú)奇的對(duì)“天下為公（the whole world as one community）”的追求，似乎也有點(diǎn)不倫不類?！澳暇┬浴钡挠⒄Z(yǔ)文本對(duì)這段話是這樣翻譯的：
We are committed to achieving harmony between man and nature, in people-to-people relationahips, and in the development of urban societies.We will work for fraternity, equality, and justice.原文中“身心和諧”、“人人相親”、“ 人人平等”、“天下為公”的“四字格”表述在譯文中統(tǒng)統(tǒng)被融進(jìn)了整句話的意境和精神中，不另譯出。而這樣做的結(jié)果是譯文反而愈顯蘊(yùn)義明晰、簡(jiǎn)潔得體。既傳達(dá)出原文的本質(zhì)含義，又避免了照搬漢語(yǔ)行文風(fēng)格而導(dǎo)致的英文表述拖泥帶水，值得我們借鑒。
總理在本次記者招待會(huì)上，引用了《戰(zhàn)國(guó)策》中的一句“行百里者半九十”。那么，《戰(zhàn)國(guó)策》的英文名稱是什么呢？
Stratagems of the Warring States
這就是《戰(zhàn)國(guó)策》名稱的英譯。有不少我們常用的成語(yǔ)就是出自《戰(zhàn)國(guó)策》，比如：
鷸蚌相爭(zhēng)，漁翁得利
這個(gè)成語(yǔ)我們可以翻譯成：a quarrel which benefits only a third party 或者借用英語(yǔ)中一句相應(yīng)的俗語(yǔ)：When shepherds quarrel, the wolf has a winning game.這句俗語(yǔ)翻譯成中文，也有“螳螂捕蟬，黃雀在后”的意思。借用英語(yǔ)中的固定表達(dá)法來(lái)翻譯成語(yǔ)，是一個(gè)很好的方法，同學(xué)們要記得平時(shí)多多積累這方面的知識(shí)哦。
當(dāng)然，在不怎么正式的場(chǎng)合，這個(gè)成語(yǔ)我們也可以簡(jiǎn)單翻譯成：Two dogs strive for a Bone, and a third runs away with it.畫(huà)蛇添足
同樣，這個(gè)成語(yǔ)也可以借用英語(yǔ)中現(xiàn)成的表達(dá)法：gild the lily，給百合花鍍金，當(dāng)然就是畫(huà)蛇添足的意思啦。
狡兔三窟
A crafty person has more than one hideout 三人成虎
這個(gè)成語(yǔ)出自一個(gè)典故，意為當(dāng)很多人都以訛傳訛的時(shí)候，謊言也就成了真理 可以翻譯成：A lie, if repeated often enough, will be accepted as truth.狐假虎威
肯尼迪總統(tǒng)曾在自己的講話中引用這個(gè)成語(yǔ)，他說(shuō)的是：to seek power by riding the back of the tiger 總理也引用了《離騷》中的一句：亦余心之所善兮，雖九死其猶未悔
我們也先來(lái)看《離騷》名字的翻譯吧：The Sorrow of Separation 同樣，其中的名句也有很多，比如這一句：
民生各有所樂(lè)兮，余獨(dú)好修以為常。
可以翻譯成：Everybody has his own interest, but I especially love moral cultivation.口譯中有時(shí)候不需要太講究字眼，一定要翻譯得和原文一樣文采斐然，最重要的是抓住意思，第一保證準(zhǔn)確，第二保證句式通順易于理解?！靶值茈m有小忿，不廢懿親”這一句則是出自《左傳》，是春秋時(shí)期魯國(guó)史官左丘明所著，所以書(shū)名可以翻譯成：
Zuo's Commentary
和《戰(zhàn)國(guó)策》一樣，《左傳》中也有不少成語(yǔ)：
外強(qiáng)中干
這個(gè)成語(yǔ)的翻譯我們可以借用毛主席的一句名言：一切反動(dòng)派都是紙老虎。a paper tiger 是當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)這句話的直譯，用在這里也非常貼切。
城下之盟
這個(gè)成語(yǔ)是指敵人兵臨城下時(shí)被逼簽訂的合約，所以可以直接翻譯成：a forced “treaty of peace” 多行不義必自斃
這句鏗鏘有力，而翻譯時(shí)我們也可以借用英文中的一句俗語(yǔ)：Give a thief rope enough and he will hang himself.只是相比原文，氣勢(shì)不夠。但如果在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)翻譯中遇到這句，同學(xué)們就可以以現(xiàn)成的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)法來(lái)應(yīng)急；如果覺(jué)得還可以有更好的翻譯，那就要靠平時(shí)自己多琢磨啦，然后有機(jī)會(huì)的話，也可以像我們的美女口譯員張璐那樣，給出精彩的翻譯哦。
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第二篇：中文地址中譯英翻譯參考
中文地址分段翻譯成英文
中國(guó)：China
浙江?。篫hejiang Province 上海市：Shanghai City 香港：HK（Hong Kong）
杭州市西湖區(qū)：West Lake District,Hangzhou City
宿松縣：Susong County
梅江鎮(zhèn)：Meijiang Town 朝陽(yáng)鄉(xiāng)：Chaoyang Township
格林威治村：Greenwich Village _______________________________________________________________________________ 虹橋經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)：Hongqiao Economic Development Zone
三亞路25號(hào)：No.25,Sanya Road 西園八路2號(hào)：No.2,Xiyuan Road 8 之江中路：Middle Zhijiang Road 武漢繞城高速公路：Wuhan Ring Expressway 莘建東路58弄2號(hào)：No.2, Lane 58, Shenjian East Road 火炬大街創(chuàng)新路2號(hào)：No.2,Innovation Road, Torch Avenue 環(huán)城西路北段377號(hào):No.377,North Ring West Road 北三環(huán)東路36東路，東城區(qū)：No.36,North Third Ring East Road, Dongcheng District
西湖科技園：West Lake Science and Technology Park 南山軟件園：Nanshan Software Park 麻紡小區(qū)：Mafang Community 新都花園：Xindu Garden Community 綠城廣場(chǎng)：Lucheng Square
16號(hào)樓：Building16
3單元303號(hào)：Room303，Unit3 H座2單元404室：Room404,Unit2,Building H 4樓：Floor 4
例子1：南國(guó)東路青松一街8號(hào)四樓
翻譯：Floor 4, No.8, Qingsong 1th Street, Nanguo East Road
例子2：江西省南昌市高新區(qū)火炬大街創(chuàng)新路2號(hào)科研大樓四樓
翻譯：Floor 4, Scientific Research Building, No.2,Innovation Road, Torch Avenue, High & New Technology Zone, Nangchang City, Jiangxi Province,P.R.China 或 Floor 4,Scientific Research Building, No.2,Chuangxin Road, Huoju Avenue, High & New Technology(Gaoxin)Zone, Nangchang City, Jiangxi Province,P.R.China(P.R.:中華人民共和國(guó)縮寫(xiě))
注：本文部分內(nèi)容參考于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，可用于常用地址的英文翻譯。若有不足處，還請(qǐng)補(bǔ)充及更正！
第三篇：收入證明中譯英翻譯[最終版]
Committee of the Communist Party of
***Town, *** City, China
中共***市***鎮(zhèn)委員會(huì)
在 職 及 收 入 證 明
茲證明****，男，****年*月出生，自****年***月起在我單位工作，任職****市****黨委書(shū)記，稅后年薪（包括工資、獎(jiǎng)金、補(bǔ)貼、分紅等）為人民幣****元。
特此證明。
****年 ****月 ****日
單位（蓋章）
Statement of Employment and Income
This is to certify that ****, male, born in ****, has been working in our department since****.He is now in position of Party Secretary of ****, **** City.His annual income(including salary, bonus, subsidy, etc.)is RMB ****yuan after tax.Name of Department:
Committee of the Communist Party of
****, ****City, China
Date:
第四篇：2013中譯英范文
黃浦區(qū)
1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.這個(gè)故事激勵(lì)年輕人為更美好的生活?yuàn)^斗。(inspire）時(shí)光飛逝，尤其當(dāng)你聚精會(huì)神地讀一本好書(shū)時(shí)。（absorb）安全系統(tǒng)不會(huì)允許你進(jìn)入大樓，除非你有正確的密碼。(unless)我從未想到過(guò)會(huì)在機(jī)場(chǎng)遇到多年未曾謀面的老朋友。(It)無(wú)用信息的傳播會(huì)對(duì)人類社會(huì)產(chǎn)生不利影響的事實(shí)已經(jīng)引起公眾的注意。（that）
airport.5.The fact that the spread of useless information can have a bad effect on human society has attracted the
attention/awareness of the public.楊浦區(qū)（第一次學(xué)業(yè)調(diào)研）
1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.5.記得要學(xué)與思相結(jié)合。(combine)黨號(hào)召官員們提高效率，避免浪費(fèi)。(call)人們保護(hù)個(gè)人信息的意識(shí)有待提高。(remain)開(kāi)發(fā)清潔的公共交通是被廣泛認(rèn)可的改善空氣質(zhì)量的好方法。(recognize)這位總統(tǒng)一直為緩慢的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇和諸多外交事務(wù)的挑戰(zhàn)憂心忡忡，但至今仍束手無(wú)策。(worry)
far he hasn’t found a way out.浦東新區(qū)
1.2.3.4.5.他下定決心要實(shí)現(xiàn)抱負(fù)。(determine)居民們都希望有朝一日能更方便地享受圖書(shū)館的優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)。（access）老師的贊賞給了我很大的鼓舞，這對(duì)一名學(xué)生而言非常寶貴。（which）接完電話，他既沒(méi)關(guān)門也沒(méi)關(guān)燈就匆匆忙忙離開(kāi)了辦公室。（with）實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與我們所期望的大相徑庭，但我們相信探索越多，就越可能成功。（likely）
1.He is determined to realize/accomplish/achieve/fulfill his ambition.2.Residents all hope that they can have easy assess to the quality service of libraries one day(some day).3.The teacher’s compliment(s)gave me(filled me with)a great encouragement(inspiration), which is so precious for a
student.4.Having answered the phone, he left the office in a hurry with the door open and the light(s)on.5.The result of the experiment is totally different(contrary to)from what we have expected, but we believe(that)the
more we explore, the more likely we are to/will succeed.徐匯區(qū)、松江區(qū)、金山區(qū)
1.2.3.4.5.這三天的社會(huì)實(shí)踐讓我們受益匪淺。（benefit）令我們寬慰的是，政府正在采取措施改善我們的住房條件。(relief)盡管困難重重，他從未放棄過(guò)成為一名優(yōu)秀建筑師的愿望。（desire）第一次看Gangnam Style的時(shí)候，其生動(dòng)的節(jié)奏，富有創(chuàng)意的舞蹈，給我留下了深刻的印象。（The first time）一些大城市的空氣正日益惡化，這應(yīng)該讓我們警覺(jué)到：環(huán)保意識(shí)的缺乏已讓市民付出了健康的代價(jià)。(alert)
1.We benefited a lot from the three-day social practice./ The three-day social practice benefited us a lot.2.To our relief, the government is taking measures/action to improve our housing conditions.3.Despite many difficulties / In spite of many difficulties, he never gave up his desire to become /be an excellent /
outstanding / a distinguished architect.4.The first time I watched Gangnam Style, I was deeply impressed by its lively rhythm and creative dance./ its lively
rhythm and creative dance impressed me a lot / deeply / greatly.5.The air quality in some big cities is getting / becoming from bad to worse, which should alert us(to the fact)that the
lack of environmental awareness has come at the expense of the health of the citizens./ the lack of environmental awareness(lacking environmental awareness)has cost the citizens their health./...that the citizens have paid(high)price for the lack of environmental awareness.閔行區(qū)
1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.5.(worth)這孩子年齡太小，無(wú)法應(yīng)對(duì)這么復(fù)雜的局面。(too...to...)當(dāng)我心情不佳時(shí)，我常聽(tīng)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)來(lái)去除煩惱。(mood)經(jīng)過(guò)熱烈討論，我們一致同意再為那所小學(xué)捐贈(zèng)一臺(tái)電腦。(agree)事實(shí)證明網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因此下定單之前一定要深思熟慮。(exist)
1.2.3.4.5.你很有可能在這次考試中取得好成績(jī)。(likely)每天攝入太多的鹽和糖會(huì)對(duì)人體的健康造成嚴(yán)重的損害。(take in)汽油價(jià)格的不斷上漲對(duì)人民的生活和國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。(affect)迄今雖說(shuō)屢屢采取嚴(yán)控措施，但絕大多數(shù)人仍然覺(jué)得難以承擔(dān)目前的高房?jī)r(jià)。(though)他向經(jīng)理保證，一經(jīng)錄用，他會(huì)竭盡所能為公司服務(wù)，絕不辜負(fù)公司的期望并為自己的理想打拼。(assure)
1.You are most likely to achieve good results in this examination./ It’s most likely that you will achieve good results
in this examination.2.Taking in too much salt and sugar every day will / may cause serious damage to people’s health./ It will / may
cause serious damage to people’s health if they take in too much salt and sugar every day.3.The constant / continuous rise in gasoline prices / That the prices of gasoline went up / rose constantly /
continuously has greatly affected the people’s life and the development of the country’s economy.4.Though severe / strict control measures have been taken repeatedly / again and again by now / up to now, the vast
majority of people / most people still feel / find it difficult / hard to afford the current high housing prices.5.He assured the manager that if / once(he was)appointed / accepted, he would do his best to work for / serve the
company, live up to the expectation of the company and strive for his own ideal.奉賢區(qū)
1.2.3.4.5.我們應(yīng)積極參加各種各樣的課外活動(dòng)。(variety)公司在意的不是員工的長(zhǎng)相，而是他們的工作表現(xiàn)。(care)記住，你的父母也曾經(jīng)年少，大多數(shù)情況下他們能理解你正在經(jīng)歷的事情。(what)充足的鍛煉、健康的飲食、規(guī)律的作息對(duì)保持最佳考試狀態(tài)至關(guān)重要。(key)黃浦江被污染后，政府采取了許多有效的措施以改善水質(zhì)，這使公眾很滿意。(improve)
1.We should take an active part in a variety of out-of-class activities.2.What a company cares about is not the employees’ appearance, but their job performance.3.Remember that your parents were teenagers once and that, in most cases, they can understand what you’re going
through.4.Adequate exercise, healthy eating/a healthy diet and regular sleep are the key to staying in top shape for exams.5.After the Huangpu River was polluted, the government has taken many effective measures to improve the quality of
the water, which has greatly satisfied the public.靜安區(qū)、楊浦區(qū)、寶山區(qū)、青浦區(qū)
1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.5.許多駕駛員對(duì)新的交通法規(guī)都感到不習(xí)慣。(use)傳統(tǒng)的火車票購(gòu)買方式已經(jīng)被網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)買方式所取代了。(replace)過(guò)不了幾天他們就會(huì)把面試結(jié)果寄給你的。(It)我們非常關(guān)心食品質(zhì)量，因?yàn)樗c每一個(gè)人的健康都息息相關(guān)。(concern)那些消防戰(zhàn)士冒著生命危險(xiǎn)把困在著火的屋子里的老人和小孩全部救了出來(lái)。（trap）
1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.5.我們昨晚沒(méi)有回家作業(yè)。(free)為了紀(jì)念這位戰(zhàn)士，將舉辦一場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。(memory)能否充分利用能源是科學(xué)家所面對(duì)的重要問(wèn)題。(use)聽(tīng)說(shuō)他的幽默感為英語(yǔ)節(jié)開(kāi)幕式平添了一份快樂(lè)。(add）對(duì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者來(lái)說(shuō)，接觸英文材料并養(yǎng)成好的習(xí)慣能提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。(expose)
efficiency.閘北區(qū)
1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.5.家長(zhǎng)們?cè)絹?lái)越關(guān)注孩子的心理健康。(health)必須采取果斷措施應(yīng)對(duì)食品污染問(wèn)題。(must)經(jīng)過(guò)勸說(shuō)，瑪麗總算打消了去那個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)城市安家的念頭。(idea)只要你可以上網(wǎng)，任何難題幾乎都可瞬間解決。(access)盡管生產(chǎn)商宣稱這款天然的洗發(fā)水不含任何化學(xué)成分，消費(fèi)者仍然興趣寥寥。(although)
1.2.3.4.5.過(guò)馬路時(shí)務(wù)必要小心。（sure）聽(tīng)流行音樂(lè)是我課余最愛(ài)的放松方式。（relax）是要都有副作用，這是每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該有的醫(yī)學(xué)常識(shí)。（which）那晚在觀眾席中看女兒彈鋼琴，她的父母是多么地自豪?。。℉ow）即便上海牌照（the license plate）的價(jià)格一路飆升，人們對(duì)私家車的需求依然如故。（remain）
1.2.3.4.5.Be sure to be careful when crossing the road.Listening to pop music is my favorite way to relax after school.All medicine has side effects, which is medical knowledge everyone should have.How proud the parents were that night when they sat in the audience watching their daughter playing the piano!Despite the soaring price of license plate in Shanghai, people’s need for private cars remain the same.
第五篇：高考中譯英解題方法和技巧
高考中譯英解題方法和技巧
一、判斷句型，構(gòu)建框架
句型好比是句子的骨架，選用合適的句型是做好中譯英的第一步，也是至關(guān)重要的一步。英語(yǔ)中句子通常分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句，其中有一些較為固定的常用句型更是高考經(jīng)?？疾榈膬?nèi)容，熟悉并學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用這些句型將有助于同學(xué)們很快建立句子結(jié)構(gòu)，完成翻譯。下面就是一些需要掌握的常見(jiàn)句型：There is no need for sb.to do sth....It is no good doing sth....It is no use doing sth....It’s a waste of time doing sth....It is necessary/important for sb.to do sth....It suddenly occurred to sb.that...It seems/appears/ happens that...The more..., the more...The reason why...was that...What matters is not...but...祈使句+and/or...In spite of the fact that...,...There is no doubt that...It won’t be long before...（從句謂語(yǔ)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）
I’d appreciate it very much if you could...It’s said/believed/reported/estimated that...Where there is..., there is...As an old saying goes,...Word came that...Chances are that...It remains to be seen whether...（It is）no wonder that...It is taken for granted that...It is known to all that...It takes sb.some time to do sth.......so...that...Be sure to do...It is certain that...A is to B what C is to D.It makes no difference whether...It all depends on sb./sth.whether......makes it a rule to do sth....Make sure that...（從句謂語(yǔ)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）
二、把握關(guān)鍵詞，熟悉短語(yǔ)搭配
歷年高考中譯英題的考核點(diǎn)中，短語(yǔ)搭配占了很大的比重，其中動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)尤為重要。正確使用關(guān)鍵詞，用好短語(yǔ)搭配，往往會(huì)使難題迎刃而解。下面是近幾年高考出現(xiàn)的短語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)：
1.我們將作進(jìn)一步的討論，然后再作出最終結(jié)論。（before）（2001年高考）
We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.2.當(dāng)時(shí)，那位出租車司機(jī)別無(wú)選擇，只能求助于顧客。（choice）（2002年高考）
At that time, the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourist（for help）.3.這條鐵路橫貫平原，把那個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)山城與海港連接了起來(lái)。（remote）（2003年高考）
The railway crosses the plain and connects the remote mountain city with the sea port.4.你該就剛才的所作所為向在場(chǎng)的人道歉。（apologize）（2004年高考）
You should apologize to the people present for what you have just done.5.多吃蔬菜和水果有益健康。（good）（2005年高考）
Eating more vegetables and fruits does good to one’s health.6.我忘了提醒他面試的時(shí)間。（remind）（2007年高考）
I forgot to remind him of the time for the interview.三、了解漢英差異，避免誤入陷阱
1.連詞
中文中，“因?yàn)??所以??”“雖然??但是??”“除非??否則??”等常用來(lái)表示因果、轉(zhuǎn)折等關(guān)系。但是在英語(yǔ)中，不能同時(shí)使用并列連詞和狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞。例如：
除非采取緊急措施，否則我們的計(jì)劃將流產(chǎn)。
Unless we take urgent measures, or our plan will be spoiled.（?菖）
Unless we take urgent measures, our plan will be spoiled.（?菁）
他盡管雙目失明，卻沒(méi)有放棄作家夢(mèng)。
Although he was blind in both eyes, but he didn’t give up his dream of being a writer.（?菖）
Although he was blind in both eyes,（yet）he didn’t give up his dream of being a writer.（?菁）
2.語(yǔ)態(tài)
在中英不同的語(yǔ)言文化中，主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)的表達(dá)存在著一定的差異。有時(shí)中文看似主動(dòng)，譯成英語(yǔ)卻應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式；有時(shí)中文是被動(dòng)的意思，在英語(yǔ)中卻用主動(dòng)形式。
以下情形中常用英語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)形式表示中文的被動(dòng)意思：
（1）某些連系動(dòng)詞（如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等）要用英語(yǔ)主動(dòng)形式表中文被動(dòng)意義。例如：
他告訴我的事情被證實(shí)是真的。
What he told me proved to be true.（2）當(dāng)read, wash, sell, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物動(dòng)詞且表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性時(shí)，通常要用英語(yǔ)主動(dòng)形式表示中文被動(dòng)意義。例如：
這本書(shū)被賣得很快。
The book sells quickly.（3）當(dāng)open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物動(dòng)詞且表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性時(shí)，通常用英語(yǔ)主動(dòng)形式表示中文被動(dòng)意義。例如：
這門關(guān)不上。
The door won’t shut.（4）某些“be+形容詞+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式通常要英語(yǔ)用主動(dòng)形式表示中文被動(dòng)意義。例如：這篇學(xué)術(shù)論文很難被翻譯過(guò)來(lái)。
The academic article is difficult to translate.（5）be worth后的動(dòng)名詞要用英語(yǔ)主動(dòng)形式表中文被動(dòng)意義。例如：
這可能值得考慮。
This might be worth thinking about.（6）在need, want, require等少數(shù)表示“需要”的動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。例如：這些植物得天天澆水。
The plants need watering every day.也有很多情況下，英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)形式表示中文的主動(dòng)含義。這時(shí)很多同學(xué)就可能會(huì)忽略被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用。例如：
坐在樹(shù)下的人是我叔叔。
The man who was seated under the tree is my uncle.這樣的例子不勝枚舉，同學(xué)們?cè)诰毩?xí)時(shí)應(yīng)注意多積累和總結(jié)。
3.語(yǔ)序
在某些情況下，英語(yǔ)的主謂必須全部或部分倒裝。有時(shí)為了保持句子平衡，各部分順序會(huì)發(fā)生顛倒，這與中文表達(dá)順序有所不同。例如：
我們的祖國(guó)從來(lái)沒(méi)有像今天這樣強(qiáng)大過(guò)。（Never）
Never before has our country been as powerful as it is today.老師僅靠一支粉筆上課的日子一去不復(fù)返了。（Gone）
Gone are the days when a teacher gave lessons only with a piece of chalk.我認(rèn)為你找不到自行車了。
I don’t think you can find your bicycle.4.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)
漢語(yǔ)中的某些標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是英語(yǔ)沒(méi)有的。例如英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有頓號(hào)（、），常用逗號(hào)充當(dāng)并列連接作用。英語(yǔ)中也沒(méi)有書(shū)名號(hào)（《》），漢語(yǔ)用于書(shū)名、報(bào)刊雜志名的書(shū)名號(hào)，英語(yǔ)中常用斜體字代替。
有些標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的漢英表示形式是不同的。例如在漢語(yǔ)中句號(hào)是以空心圓（。）來(lái)表示的，在英語(yǔ)中是實(shí)心點(diǎn)（.）。又如漢語(yǔ)中的省略號(hào)是居中的六點(diǎn)（??），英語(yǔ)是用位于底部的三點(diǎn)（...）來(lái)表示。同學(xué)們?cè)谑褂眠@些符號(hào)時(shí)要特別注意，防止混淆。
四、理解成語(yǔ)與俗語(yǔ)，無(wú)須字字對(duì)譯
近年的高考中譯英題中，總會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些比較地道的中文或常用的成語(yǔ)，許多同學(xué)對(duì)于這些成語(yǔ)和俗語(yǔ)的翻譯常不知所措。此時(shí)，同學(xué)們不妨冷靜下來(lái)，從成語(yǔ)的實(shí)際意義入手，在理解的基礎(chǔ)上，用適當(dāng)?shù)挠⒄Z(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)，完全不必字字對(duì)譯。有些成語(yǔ)和俗語(yǔ)的中英文是基本對(duì)應(yīng)的，例如欣喜若狂（be wild with joy），熟能生巧（practice makes perfect）等。但大多數(shù)還是需要通過(guò)意譯的方法來(lái)表達(dá)。以近年的高考試題為例：
1.請(qǐng)盡早作出決定，不然你會(huì)坐失良機(jī)。（or）（2003年高考）
Please make up your mind/make your decision as early as possible, or you’ll miss the good/golden chance/opportunity.2.這個(gè)游戲的規(guī)則太復(fù)雜，三言兩語(yǔ)解釋不清。（too...to）（2004年高考）
The rules of the game are too complicated to explain/be explained in a few words.3.他進(jìn)公司后不久就獨(dú)立完成了一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)，同事們對(duì)他刮目相看。（so）（2005年高考）He finished a difficult task on his own/independently soon after he entered the company, so his colleagues looked at him differently/with new eyes/regarded him in a totally different light.4.這小孩太調(diào)皮了，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心煩意亂。（So...）（2006年高考）
So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.5.醫(yī)生挨家挨戶上門巡訪，省去了許多老年人去醫(yī)院的麻煩。（save）（2007年高考）
Doctors’ door-to door visits save many old people’s trouble of going to hospital.從上面的高考真題中可以看出，俗語(yǔ)與成語(yǔ)的翻譯主要在于含義的表達(dá)，只要完整正確地表達(dá)了成語(yǔ)的含義，即使與參考答案不完全一致，也是可以得到滿分的。
五、學(xué)會(huì)一題多譯，拓寬解題思路
同一句中文可能會(huì)有幾種不同的英語(yǔ)翻譯方法，在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中，同學(xué)們可以盡量拓寬思路，嘗試一題多譯。這樣不僅可以提高翻譯的技能，同時(shí)還能促進(jìn)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的鞏固和詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)，是一舉多得的好辦法。例如：
1.令我大吃一驚的是他終于改掉了抽煙的壞習(xí)慣。
To my great surprise, he finally got rid of the bad habit of smoking.What surprised me greatly was that he at last kicked his smoking habit.I was greatly surprised at the fact that he finally quit smoking habit.He finally gave up smoking, which surprised me a lot.2.她一聽(tīng)到這個(gè)噩耗就號(hào)啕大哭。
As soon as she heard the sad news, she burst into tears.The moment/instant/minute she heard the sad news, she burst out crying.At the sad news, she burst out crying.On hearing the sad news, she couldn’t help crying.Immediately/Directly she heard the news, she burst into tears.Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely had she heard the sad news when she burst into tears.No sooner had she heard the sad news than she burst out crying.
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