第一篇：許老師 初中語法形容詞 老師版

形容詞 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)解析

一、定義：形容詞用來修飾名詞（或不定代詞），表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)或?qū)傩浴８痹~用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，有時(shí)也可以修飾數(shù)詞、介詞（短語）、連詞、名詞或全句。

二、作用：形容詞在句中可用作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語（句首或句末），“the + 形容詞”還可作主語或賓語。副詞主要用作狀語、表語、定語、補(bǔ)足語或介詞賓語。

三、形容詞的作用：形容詞在句中用作定語、表語、賓（主）語補(bǔ)足語和狀語。如： She is wearing a new red silk dress.她穿著一條紅絲綢裙子。（前置定語）I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情要告訴你。（后置定語）The film was very interesting.那部影片非常有趣。（表語）Who left the door open?誰沒關(guān)門?（賓語補(bǔ)足語）I laid him down dead.我把他放在地上，他死了。（賓補(bǔ)）

At last he got home，tired and hungry.最后他終于到家了，又累又餓。（狀語）We should respect the old and take care of the young.我們應(yīng)該尊老愛幼。（主語、賓語）

四、下列以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞，不是副詞：lively活潑的；lonely荒涼的；lovely可愛的；deadly致命的；friendly友好的；ugly丑的；silly傻的；motherly 慈愛的；brotherly兄弟般的；sickly多病的、病態(tài)的；likely很可能的；kindly熱情的；comradely同志式的。如：a sickly child多病的孩子；a sick child（一個(gè)生病的孩子）；be likely of success(to succeed)有可能成功；an ugly wound嚇人的傷口；a friendly match友誼賽 He lived on a lonely island.他住在一個(gè)荒涼的島上。He felt lonely.他感到孤獨(dú)。

The talks proceeded in a friendly atmosphere.會(huì)議在友好的氣氛中進(jìn)行。

五、下列以a-開頭的詞不能作定語，只能作表語和補(bǔ)足語：alone單獨(dú)的；afraid害怕的；asleep睡著的；awake醒著的；aware意識(shí)到的、知道的；alive活著的、存在的；ashamed羞恥的；alike相象的。如： He is alone.他很孤獨(dú)。

No two persons are exactly alike.沒有兩個(gè)人是完全相象的。I'm afraid that I am late.我恐怕遲到了吧。Is he awake or asleep? 他醒著還是睡著? He has been aware of his mistake.他已意識(shí)到他的錯(cuò)誤。The lake is alive with fish.湖里的魚多得很。

I feel ashamed that I have done so little for the people.我為人民做的工作太少，感到慚愧。He is unable to tell the difference.他不能說出其差異。

〖注〗有一些形容詞只能作定語：main主要的；elder年長(zhǎng)的；former前（面）任的；outer外部的。如：the main idea主要觀點(diǎn)；the elder man那老年人；the former leader前任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；outer space外層空間

六、下列形容詞前義作定語，后義作表語：certain某一/無疑的；present現(xiàn)在的/出席的；late已故的/遲到的；ill壞的/有病的；sure可靠的/確信的；sorry糟糕的/難過的、對(duì)不起的。如：her late husband她已故的丈夫；in late summer在夏末；a sorry state 處于可憐的狀態(tài)；a sorry excuse 理由不充分的借口 A certain Smith will come here.一個(gè)姓史密斯的人將來這兒。I'm certain that he saw me.我確信他看見了我。

The present government is getting stronger and stronger.現(xiàn)在的政府變得越來越強(qiáng)大了。How many of you were present at the meeting?你們有多少人參加了會(huì)議? Don't be late for class.上課別遲到。He had ill luck last year.去年他遭厄運(yùn)。

He has been ill for two days.他已病了兩天了。

He sent the letter by a sure hand.他是經(jīng)由可靠的人送那封信的。I'm not sure why he wants it.我不太知道他為何需要它。

We're sorry to hear of your father's death.聽到你父親逝世，我們甚為難過。I feel sorry for you.我替你難過。

七、多個(gè)形容詞共同修飾一個(gè)中心名詞時(shí)的排列順序的記憶口訣：限定描繪大長(zhǎng)高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國(guó)籍出材料，作用類別往后靠?！甲ⅰ剑?）限定詞包括：冠詞，物主代詞，指示代詞和數(shù)詞；（2）描繪性形容詞如： beautiful，bad，cold等；（3）大長(zhǎng)高即表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低的詞；（4）表示形狀的詞如：round，square（方形的）等；（5）出材料：指國(guó)籍、地區(qū)出處和材料的詞。如：German，wooden等；（6）表示用途或類別的詞。如：medical，writing等。如果類型相同，則音節(jié)少的詞在前，音節(jié)多的詞在后，或有逗號(hào)隔開，或用and連接，或服從習(xí)慣。如： a tall，good-looking man一個(gè)高個(gè)英俊的男人； a black and white TV set一部黑白電視機(jī)；

a beautiful green Chinese woolen carpet一床漂亮的中國(guó)產(chǎn)的綠毛毯； some fresh big red apples一些又大又紅的鮮蘋果； her round pink face她那粉紅的圓臉

八、形容詞（包括else）修飾不定代詞時(shí)后置。如：

I have found something strange today.今天我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些奇異的東西。What else did she tell? 她還說了些什么？

〖注〗enough作定語修飾名詞時(shí)，可放在名詞之前或之后。如：

He has enough time(time enough)to do the work.他有足夠的時(shí)間做這事。

九、合成形容詞的構(gòu)成：（記住：其中如有名詞，名詞不能用復(fù)數(shù)）

1、形容詞+名詞+ed：a kind-hearted lady一位好心的老大娘

2、形容詞+形容詞：his dark-blue eyes他那深藍(lán)的眼睛

3、形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞：a good-looking woman一位漂亮的婦女

4、副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞：the hard-working people勤勞的民族

5、副詞+過去分詞：a newly-built museum一座新建的博物館

6、名詞+形容詞：a world-famous politician世界聞名的政治家

7、名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞：the peace-loving nation愛好和平的國(guó)家

8、名詞+過去分詞：the man-made satellites人造地球衛(wèi)星

9、數(shù)詞+名詞+ed：a three-legged table一張三條腿的桌子

10、數(shù)詞+名詞：a ten-speed bicycle一輛十速自行車；a five-storey building一幢五層樓的建筑 He wrote a two-thousand-word report.他寫了一份兩千字的報(bào)告。

11、數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞：a forty-foot-wide road=a road forty feet wide一條四十英尺寬的路

12、臨時(shí)用詞組組成：a tower about 180 feet high=an about-180-foot-high tower一座約180英尺高的塔

十、名詞化的形容詞：the+adj.或分詞往往名詞化，用來表示一類人或事物，如果作主語，謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)。如：the young年青人；the good優(yōu)點(diǎn)；the dying快死的人；the following下面的人或物；the wounded傷員；the exploited被剝削的人；the British英國(guó)人；the Dutch荷蘭人

The aged are easy to catch cold.上年紀(jì)的人容易患感冒。The good is not always beautiful.好的東西并不總是好看。

十一、時(shí)間副詞有：

1、now，then，yesterday，last night，today，tomorrow，ago，tonight，before，just now，later(on)，lately，recently，so far

2、always，often，usually，sometimes，occasionally，seldom，never，generally，frequently，hardly ever，constantly，continually，rarely，scarcely，ever（此類詞也叫頻度副詞，可以放于句首，可以放于主要?jiǎng)釉~前面，也可以放在句末）

3、already，yet，late，early，soon，long，since，at once，at first，at last，finally，presently，shortly，immediately，right away

十二、地點(diǎn)副詞有：

1、here，there，home，upstairs，anywhere，everywhere，nowhere，somewhere，abroad，elsewhere

2、above，below，down，up，out，in，across，back，along，over，round，around，away，near，off，on，inside，outside，past（此類副詞如帶賓語則是介詞）

十三、方式副詞有：

1、一般由形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成，回答how引起的問題：badly，bravely，fluently，calmly，carefully，carelessly，nervously，politely，proudly，properly，rapidly，wrongly，sadly，suddenly，successfully，angrily，happily，slowly，warmly

2、少數(shù)副詞不加-ly，如well，fast，slow，quick，hard，alone，high，straight，wide，deep等。

3、少數(shù)加-ly與不加-ly的成對(duì)副詞，意義相同或相近： clear/clearly；slow/slowly；loud/loudly；fair/fairly；firm/firmly；easy/easily

4、有的加-ly后，意義有改變：hard努力地/hardly幾乎不；high高地/highly高度地；late遲/lately最近；near接近/nearly幾乎；most非常、最/mostly大都；just正好、恰好/justly公正地；deep深/deeply深深地；wide廣闊地/widely廣泛地；free免費(fèi)地/freely無拘無束地；close接近/closely仔細(xì)地；direct直接/directly立刻

十四、程度副詞有：much，(a)little，a bit，very，so，too，enough，quite，rather，pretty，fairly，extremely，considerably，entirely，completely，terribly，perfectly，deeply，nearly，almost，hardly，scarcely，partly，half，slightly，not at all等。程度副詞用來修飾形容詞或副詞，還可以用來修飾動(dòng)詞或介詞短語。如： You are partly(almost，half，not at all)right.你部分正確（幾乎對(duì)了、一半對(duì)了、一點(diǎn)兒也不對(duì)）。She sings quite(pretty，extremely，not at all)well.她唱得很好（非常好、極好、一點(diǎn)兒也不好）。Thank you very much.非常感謝。

I can hardly agree with you.我不同意你的觀點(diǎn)。

十五、疑問副詞、連接副詞、關(guān)系副詞：疑問副詞how，when，where，why引起特殊疑問句；連接副詞how，when，where，why引起名詞性從句；關(guān)系副詞when，where，why引起定語從句。如： How are you getting along with your studies?你們學(xué)習(xí)情況怎樣?（疑問副詞）This is where you are wrong.這就是你不對(duì)的地方。（連接副詞）

Do you remember the day when Beijing was liberated?你還記得北京得到解放的日子嗎?（關(guān)系副詞）Why did he tell you the bad news?他為什么告訴你這個(gè)壞消息?（疑問副詞）I didn't know how he went there.我不知道他是如何到那兒去的。（連接副詞）

The factory where the students worked last month is a pen factory.上個(gè)月學(xué)生工作過的那個(gè)工廠是個(gè)鋼筆制造廠。（關(guān)系副詞）

十六、副詞的作用：副詞在句子中可以作狀語，用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞和整個(gè)句子。如： We should often go over our lessons.我們應(yīng)該經(jīng)常復(fù)習(xí)功課。

The visitors were warmly received by the hosts.客人受到主人的熱情接待。

We are quite sure that we'll be able to finish it in a short time.我們非常有把握能在短期內(nèi)把它做完。How beautifully they are dancing!他們舞跳得多美!I can't jump so high as she does.我跳高不及她跳得高。

Obviously there is much room for improvement in our work.很明顯我們的工作還很有改進(jìn)的余地。

1、作表語：

I must be off now.我得走了。

When will you be back? 你什么時(shí)候回來? How long will she be away?她要離開多久? Is your mother in?你媽媽在家嗎?

2、作定語或復(fù)合賓語：

The workers here are all very kind to me.這兒的工人待我都很好。（定語）

I met an old friend of mine on my way home.我在回家的路上碰到了一個(gè)老朋友。（定語）Is there anything on tonight?今晚有什么活動(dòng)嗎?（定語）

I saw you out with my sister last Saturday.上星期六我看見你和我姐姐一道上街了。（賓語補(bǔ)足語）Show him up.帶他上樓去。（賓語補(bǔ)足語）

十七、副詞的位置：

1、一般放在動(dòng)詞后面，如果是及物動(dòng)詞，一般放在賓語后面： You shouldn't stay up too late.你不應(yīng)當(dāng)睡得太晚。

I remember having seen him somewhere.我記得在哪兒見過他。

2、有些表示位置的副詞如on，out，down，up，in，away等，?？梢苑旁趧?dòng)詞與賓語之間，但人稱代詞作賓語時(shí)放在這些副詞前面：

Turn on the light，please./Turn it on.請(qǐng)把燈打開。

Put away those chairs./Put them away.把那些椅子收好。

Put down you name here./Put it down here.請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@兒寫好名字。

3、頻度副詞以及already，(not)yet，once，nearly，almost，just，really，suddenly，certainly，still，soon，surely一般放在行為動(dòng)詞前面，sometimes，soon，yet，once等也可放在后邊： I hardly ever heard him singing.我?guī)缀鯊奈绰犓^歌。

We occasionally saw him walking along the riverbank.偶爾我們看見他在河邊散步。Do you often have such parties?這種晚會(huì)你們常開嗎? She is seldom ill.她很少生病。

He has never been late.他從不遲到。

I almost forgot about the whole thing.我差點(diǎn)把這事整個(gè)忘掉了。

We still need a few comrades to help us in the work.我們還需要幾個(gè)同志幫忙。

We've just sent up a new man-made satellite.我們剛剛發(fā)射了一顆新的人造地球衛(wèi)星。Such things do happen sometimes.這種事情的確有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生的。She'll be back soon.她一會(huì)兒就回來。He hasn't come back yet.他還沒有回來。

I remember having seen him once.我記得見過他一次。

4、表示否定意義的副詞如never，seldom，neither，hardly，nor，scarcely等，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)而放在句首時(shí)，這時(shí)句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Never have I seen anything so wonderful as that.我從來還沒有看見過如此精美的東西。He didn't get there in time.Neither did I.他沒有及時(shí)趕到那兒。我也沒有。

Hardly had we gathered in the wheat when it began to rain.我們剛把小麥?zhǔn)崭钔昃烷_始下起雨來了。No sooner had I reached home than it began to snow.我們一到達(dá)家里，天就下起雪來了。

5、程度副詞放在所修飾的詞前面，但enough常放在它所修飾的詞后面： We meet fairly often.我們見面的時(shí)候相當(dāng)多。

I don't quite agree with you.我不完全同意你的意見。

The room isn't large enough to seat all of us.這房間不夠大，容納不下我們所有的人。He didn't work hard enough.他工作不夠努力。

十八、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化形式：

1、單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞：

（1）一般情況直接在詞尾加-er，-est 如： small，smaller，smallest。（2）以-e結(jié)尾的詞加-r，-st，如：large，larger，largest

（3）以“輔音 + y”結(jié)尾的詞將 y 改為i，再加-er，-est，如：busy，busier，busiest；heavy，heavier，heaviest（4）以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)將這個(gè)輔音字母雙寫，再加-er，-est，如：big，bigger，biggest；thin，thinner，thinnest

2、多數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞都在詞前加more，most 構(gòu)成：important，more important，most important；difficult，more difficult，most difficult

3、變化規(guī)律特殊的詞： 原形 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) good/well better best bad/badly/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/farthest old older/ elder oldest/ eldest

4、有少數(shù)單音節(jié)的詞，通常以加more，most的辦法構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，如pleased，tired，fond，glad，fit

等。如：

He is more fit for his office than anyone else.他經(jīng)別的任何人都更稱職。

十九、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)：比較級(jí)一般用來表示“比??更??一些”這類概念，通常用一個(gè)由連詞than引起的狀語從句來表示和什么相比，為了避免重復(fù)，從句中有些成分可以省略，只把相比的部分突出出來。如： He jumps higher than I.他跳得比我高。

This book is more interesting than that one.這本書比那本書有趣。

He is more tired than any other student/anyone else/any of the other students.他比其它的任何一個(gè)學(xué)生都累。The older of the two noblemen took a light and led me into a back room.兩個(gè)貴族中年長(zhǎng)的那個(gè)拿著燈到后屋去了。

He is the stronger of the two.他是兩人中身體強(qiáng)壯的那個(gè)。

二十、比較級(jí)前可以有一個(gè)表示程度的狀語：much，(a)little/bit，far，a lot，still，a good deal，even，any，no及表示倍數(shù)概念的內(nèi)容。如：

I like this story a good deal(a lot)better than the other one.這個(gè)故事比那個(gè)故事我更喜歡得多。You speak far(much)more fluently than I.你比我講得流利得多。

Now I read a little faster than before.現(xiàn)在我閱讀速度比過去稍快一點(diǎn)。

I hope you'll do it a bit more carefully next time.我希望下次你做這工作稍稍再細(xì)心一點(diǎn)。You must do far more than simply look.你必須做得更多而不止是看。

二十一、固定搭配：more and more越來越?；the more...the more...越?，越?；all the more因而更加；more or less大體上；more than不止/less than不到；no more than=only僅僅、不過、只有、跟??同樣不?；not more than=at most至多、不超過、比不上、不及；no more不再；not any more不再；no longer不再；not any longer不再。如：

Tom is no more clever than Jack.湯姆和杰克一樣不聰明。Tom is not more clever than Jack.湯姆不如杰克聰明。

The deeper the well is，the sweeter the water is.井越深，水越甜。The weather is getting colder and colder.天氣越來越冷。

As a result，the poor became all the poorer.結(jié)果是窮者更窮。

That'll make the work all the more difficult.這將使工作更加難做。The lightest weight less than 50 kilograms.最輕的還不到五十公斤。He's more than a friend to me.他對(duì)我不止是一個(gè)朋友。More than one man was killed.不止一個(gè)人被殺害。He is more than pleased.他十二分高興。

The beauty of the park is more than words can tell.這個(gè)公園的美景是無法用語言來描述的。That is more than I can tell.那是我無法用語言來表達(dá)的。

He is more like a spear than anything else.與其說他象別的什么東西，倒不如說象一支梭鏢。二

十二、原級(jí)比較：as...as...（肯定：和??一樣的/地?）；not so（as）...as?（否定：不及?），之間用形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，而不用比較級(jí)。如：

He is as busy as before.他還是象從前那樣忙。

We'll give you as much help as we can.我們將盡量幫助你。Try to make few mistakes as possible.盡量少犯錯(cuò)誤。

My handwriting is not so(as)good as yours.我的書法不及你好。

I haven't made as much progress as I should.我沒有取得應(yīng)有的進(jìn)步。〖注〗有時(shí)也可以有表示程度的狀語。但要把狀語放到 二

十五、有時(shí)在形容詞最高級(jí)前有一個(gè)狀語或定語：

The Pacific is by far the largest ocean.太平洋是最大的海洋。（by far用于加強(qiáng)語氣）He is by far the tallest among us.他在我們這些人中間個(gè)子比誰都高得多。Hainan is China's second largest island.海南島是中國(guó)的 special 23.Believe it or not，many animals have ____ hearing than humans.A.better B.good

C.worse

D.poorer

24.Although only of ____ intelligence，he speaks four languages fluently.A.average B.middle

C.mean

D.normal 25.After the Anti-terrorist War，the American soldiers returned home，____.A.safe but tired

B.safely but tired C.safe and tiring

D.safely and tiring

26.If you are ____ about the Pyramids in Egypt，just read the book written by Dr.Brown.A.anxious

B.curious

C.serious

D.puzzled 27.It is said that the fishermen caught from the sea a kind of animal____ exactly a dragon and kept it in a big water bowl.A.living

B.alive

C.lively D.live 28.—Could you mail these letters for me please?

—____ letters? Your friends are going to be very happy to hear from you again?

A.What

B.Some

C.More

D.Different 29.The serial killings，which resulted in____ of ten deaths，terrified millions of people living

near the US capital.A.a number

B.a lot

C.a great deal

D.a total 30.In the middle of the room stands a ____ table.A.beautiful wooden round

B.round wooden beautiful.C.wooden round beautiful D.beautiful round wooden 31.There was a____ carpet on the floor of his living room.A.Chinese beautiful green

B.green Chinese beautiful

C.Chinese green beautiful D.beautiful green Chinese

32.As is known to all，Taiwan is____ island.A.China’s first largest B.the China’s first largest

C.the first China’s largest

D.the Chinese first largest 33.The use of ____ computer makes it possible to keep modern airports running.A.air-traffic control automatic B.automatic control air-traffic C.air-traffic automatic control D.automatic air-traffic control 34.____ lessons were not difficult.A.Our few first short English B.Our first few short English.Our few first English short D.Few our first English short 35.Having no child of their own，the Smiths took in a ____ girl，Yuan Yuan by name.A.lovely little Chinese B.Chinese lovely little C.little Chinese lovely

D.lovely Chinese little 36.Good manners depend____ on how we look at ourselves____ on how we look at other people.A.not very much;and B.as much;but

C.not so much;as

D.as much as;and 37.I have known Mary for years and I am very familiar with her，but I have never been to her home，____ to stay for dinner.A.neither

B.not even

.C.much less

D.nor 38.We thought their house to be very big，but it’s ____.A.just big as ours

B.no bigger than ours C.less bigger than ours D.much bigger than ours 39.—Is registering(登記)for a pet dog very expensive? —Yes.In Tianjin，it can cost ____ 2,000 yuan.A.as high as

B.as much as

C.so high as

D.so much as 40.—It is 18 o’clock and your father is still at the office.—I know.Who else would ____ he does? A.work so hard as

B.be working harder than.C.do harder work than D.work as hard as 41.—How about your test in chemistry?

—Oh，couldn’t feel ____.I didn’t make a single mistake.A.better

B.heavier

C.worse

D.sorrier 42.Compared with the nervousness of driving in the rain or snow，it is____ to sit in a train and look out of the windows without any worry of bad weather.A.more tired

B.less tiring.D less tired

D.even more tiring 43.—How do you like Mr Li’s painting? —To tell you the truth，no one pains____.A.terribly

B.worse

C.the worst

D.badly 44.Look at the two boats in the sea!The race for the grand prize has never been so ____.A.closer

B.closely

C.closest

D.close 45.—Anne is quite unfriendly.—I think she’s____ unfriendly.A.more shy than

B.shyer than

C.more shyer than D.shy more than 46.—What do you think of the food? —Wonderful.It couldn’t be____.A.so good

B.the best.the better

D.any better 47.It is generally considered that football is ____ than any other match.A.a great deal exciting B.by far more exciting

C.a lot of more exciting

D far more exciting

48.—The cake is delicious.—Well，at least it is____ the one I baked last week.A.as bad as

B.no worse than

C.no better than

D.not better than 49.The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than ____.A.ours

B.those of ours

C.it had for ours

D.it did for us 50.— Do you think the weather is good enough for a picnic? — Yes.You couldn’t hope for ____ at this time of year.A.a nice day

B.the nicer day

C.the nicest day

D.a nicer day 51.How cold it is!We’ve never had ____ this winter.A.the colder day

B.a cold day

C.the coldest day

D.a colder day 52.—Goods imported from abroad are ____ those made in China.—Yes.Some of the goods made in China are of high quality.A.not always better than B.always as good as C.on better than

D.no longer better than 53.____ shall we have to go to get to the hot spring? Another five miles.A.How farther

B.How much farther C.How far

D.How long

54.I doubt if I will come to listen to his speech next time.It couldn’t have been____ in fact.A.any worse

B.so bad

C.any better

D.the best 55.—Of all the novels here I like this one ____.—So do I.It’s not interesting at all.A.best

B.least

C.most D.worst 56.—How did you sleep last night? —Like a log.Never slept ____.A.well

B.better

C.best

D.much better 57.Some of the paintings on show are well worth seeing，but others could be ____.A.good

B.worse

C.better

D.bad 58.That’s my idea.Can you think of a ____ one?

A.good

B.best

C.better

D.bit 59.As a matter of fact，this is just as____.A.an example as the other example is good B.a good example as the other C.good example as the other

D.good an example as the other 60.The area of Beijing city is about____ that of New York.A.four times as much as

B.as four times large as C.as four times greater than

D.four times as big as 61.We have a big library in our school.There are more than twice ____ five years ago.A.books than

B.as many books as C.many more books than D.many books as 62.According to a new survey，females who have attended ____ high schools have higher test scores than those in co-ed schools.A.all-girl

B.all-girls’ C.all-girl’s

D.all-girls 63.We have little ____ information about the development in this field.A.present-day

B.up-to-date

C.modern

D.late 64.—Is Mr Smith in? —No，he’s asked for ____ leave.A.a two week’s

B.a two-week

C.a two-week’s

D.a two weeks 副詞

1.Our teacher is strict with us.He never allows us to write____ carelessly.A.that

B.such so C.such

D.so 2.—I was riding along the street and all of a sudden，a car cut in and knocked me down.—You can never be ____ careful in the street.A.much

B.very

C.so D.too 3.I’m hunting for a house，bright，comfortable and ____ with a big garden.A.after all

B.all over

C.above all

D.in all 4.It isn’t so much whether he works hard;the question is whether he works____.A.above all B.in all

C.at all

D.after all 5.After a year’s training，Zhang Jian succeeded in swimming across the English Channel___.A.at last

B.in case

C.once again D.in the end 6.I advise you to take school more seriously，otherwise you’ll have to go out and work____.A.as a result

B.now and then

C.in a word

D.at that moment 7.—George is organized，easy-going，hard-working and intelligent.—____，I can’t speak too highly of him.A.In other words

B.In a word

C.On the other hand

D.As a result 8.With summer coming on，the weather gets hot ____.A.day after day

B.day and night

C.day in and day out D.day by day 9.We must keep our room clean.Dirt and disease go ____，you know.A.from time to time

B.hand in hand

C.step by step

D.one after another 10.“He gave me ____ $100!” he said with satisfaction.A.no more than

B.something like

C.only

D.no less than

11.This is the story I have ____ heard.It’s very interesting，isn’t it?

A.ever

B.never C.hardly

D.often 12.I can’t tell you the exact time when I’ll get there，maybe at eight or at nine or still later.____ I’ll be there as early as I can.A.Anyhow B.Thus

C.Therefore D.However 13.It’s too late to set out for watching the sunrise now;____，it’s starting to rain.A.besides

B.meanwhile

C.however

D.anyhow 14.The doctor was ____ aware of all the possible problems involved in that kind of operation.A.wholly

B.completely

C.fully

D.entirely 15.—Four? A bit ____.Say，a quarter to，OK? —All right.I will pick you up then.A.less

B.more

C.later

D.earlier 16.—Do you think Tom will succeed? —Well，he’s helped by a number of people and，what is more，he works extremely hard，so he will ____ succeed.A.probably

B.possibly C.perhaps

D.maybe 17.— Did all of them go to the movie? — No.They ____ went to the Internet bar instead

A.almost

B.mostly

C.most

D.nearly 18.—He isn’t particular about his food.—Yes，he eats ____ anything.A.nearly

B.mostly

C.almost

D.possibly 19.This is the place I ____ want to go to.A.mostly

B.the mostly

C.most

D.much 20.—In what way do you think Sue will use her new Ford?

—She’ll use it____ for going to work.A.mostly

B.nearly

C.most

D.almost 21.— What do you think of the work Tom has done recently?

—I feel____ that the work shouldn’t have been done so carelessly.A.badly

B.directly C.strongly

D.hardly 22.—Could you____ take care of my dog while I’m away? —Sure.Leave it to me，please.A.perhaps

B.possibly C.maybe

D.probably 23.—You don’t seem to be quite yourself today.What’s wrong? —Oh，I’m suffering from a cold，nothing serious，____.A.yet

B.indeed

C.though

D.anyway 24.This kind of car is very expensive.I’ll buy one，____.A.as well

B.so

C.instead

D.though 25.Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise.____，our minds are developed by learning.A.Probably

B.Likely

C.Similarly

D.Generally 26.Terrorism(恐怖主義)in the world means more deaths and heavier losses and ____，it is our duty to fight against it.A.altogether

B.therefore

C.otherwise

D.moreover 27.The new manager is intelligent and hard-working，and____，he is very charming.A.moreover

B.therefore C.however

D.instead 28.—Would you like to go to the concert with me，Mary? —I have got no interest in it;____，I have lots of work to do.A.otherwise B.besides C.however D.therefore

29.They sat ____ so they could share the newspaper.A.closely

B.close

C.nearly

D.almost 30.—Do you get together with your old friends? —Yes，from time to time，but not ____.A.normally

B.certainly C.regularly

D.necessarily 31.—Did you have any trouble in getting there? —No.____ I would have telephoned you.A.However

B.Otherwise

C.Therefore

D.Anyway 32.Since the death of her mother，she has been all day crying at home ____.A.strongly

B.deeply

C.heavily

D.bitterly 33.The man who had been shot was ____.A.as well as dying B.dying as well

C.as ill as possible D.as good as dead 34.They have ____ promised to help us.A.as far as

B.as long as

C.as well as

D.as good as Key:能力過關(guān)檢測(cè)：

形容詞：ADDBB BAABD DAABD ACCDC CAAAA BBCDD DADBA CCBBD ABBAA DDBDD DABAB BCCDD BABB 副詞：

ADCCA ABDBD AAACD ABCCA CBCDC BABBC BDDD

第二篇：許老師教案

所謂“陌生化”，通俗點(diǎn)講，就是“換一種說法”，以陌生表現(xiàn)熟悉。我們?cè)跀懟蜿愓f我們習(xí)見的事物或道理時(shí)，不用大多數(shù)人習(xí)慣采用的說法，而采用一種與眾不同的獨(dú)特的表現(xiàn)語言——一張“陌生的面孔”，會(huì)給文章帶來一道亮麗的色彩。有這樣兩句話：“春天來了?！薄氨患?xì)雨淋濕的鳥鳴跌落在河面上，江水微漲。微風(fēng)拂來，夾岸的柳枝被風(fēng)剪成絲縷，舞成一片婀娜?！?（董華翱《守望春天》）兩句話表達(dá)了同一個(gè)意思，就是春天來了，這我們都能讀懂，但似乎后者更容易抓住讀者的心，因?yàn)樗菀滓l(fā)我們?cè)娨獾穆?lián)想和想象，獲得一種美的感受。這種美感的獲得就是靠語言的陌生化。這句話綜合運(yùn)用了諸如通感、移用以及新奇的比喻與擬人等修辭手段，使語言含蓄、新奇、形象，富有“侵略性”，自然會(huì)給讀者一個(gè)全新的印象與感受，大大增強(qiáng)文章的表現(xiàn)力與感染力。

事實(shí)上，古往今來，許多文學(xué)家為我們樹立了語言陌生化的榜樣，這種例子信手拈來。

“生命便是死神唇邊的笑/半死的月光下/載飲載歌/裂喉的音隨北風(fēng)飄散?！?（李金發(fā)《有感》）

“我就這樣從早晨里穿過，現(xiàn)在正走進(jìn)了下午的尾聲，而且看到了黃昏的頭發(fā)?！?（余華《十八歲出門遠(yuǎn)行》）

“收罷秋，山痩，河肥，村子在漲起來，巷道卻窄下去?！?（賈平凹《古堡》）

此類例子即便是在教材里也是隨處可見：

“我們就這樣站著/溫柔地呼喚風(fēng)/像呼喚姑娘們/使大地上所有的小樹都漲滿綠色的帆。”5（蘇教版必修一，江河《讓我們一起奔騰吧》）

“黃昏蹣跚在蒼茫的原野上，最后看見它好像醉漢似地頹然倒下，消失在黑夜里了?！?（蘇教版必修三，黃藥眠《祖國(guó)山河頌》）

“我是你河邊的老水車/千百年來紡織著疲憊的歌?！?（蘇教版必修三，舒婷《祖國(guó)啊，我親愛的祖國(guó)》）這些現(xiàn)當(dāng)代著名的作家們都十分注意綜合運(yùn)用各種修辭手法，使得語言陌生化，雖然增加了讀者感知事物的難度，延長(zhǎng)了感知時(shí)間，但卻使人在反復(fù)品味中獲得一種審美愉悅，充分顯示了陌生化語言的獨(dú)特魅力。

古人或許并不知曉語言陌生化的理論，但在“為人性癖耽佳句，語不驚人死不休”的創(chuàng)作原則下，產(chǎn)生了無數(shù)語言陌生化的詩句，而且技藝嫻熟，簡(jiǎn)直天衣無縫。且不說“紅杏枝頭春意鬧”“春風(fēng)又綠江南岸”之類婦孺皆知的句子，就是下面隨意摘取的幾個(gè)例子，就足以令我們感佩不已。

“不知細(xì)葉誰裁出，二月春風(fēng)似剪刀。”8（賀知章《詠柳》）“人面不知何處去，桃花依舊笑春風(fēng)?！?（崔護(hù)《題都城南莊》）

“月涼夢(mèng)破雞聲白，楓霽煙醒鳥話紅?！?0（李世雄《劍浦路早發(fā)次林守》）“晨鐘云外濕，勝地石堂煙?！?1（杜甫《夔州雨濕不得上岸》）

這些句子，語言變異組合，雖然超越了經(jīng)驗(yàn)事實(shí)的限制，卻因此傳遞出新的審美信息，讓人從中品味到含蓄蘊(yùn)藉的詩意，獲得充分的審美滿足。

其實(shí)，學(xué)生的作文中偶爾也能見到一些頗見功底的陌生化句子，略列兩例：

“我的淚水是一批高貴的客人，它們常常在我聽音樂或讀書時(shí)悄然來臨?！?2（星飛《讀心》）“慢慢地，我感到自己智慧的小池塘正在漲滿，荒漠的心正在泛綠，這種感覺的暢快實(shí)在難以言喻，或許可以這樣說吧，讀書讓我的自身正化為一道光明，迅速地?zé)龤П緛碓谖已矍暗囊黄诎??！?3（甜雯《詩意的證據(jù)》）

我們不難看出，這兩個(gè)句子寫同一件事情：讀書的感受。而這些感受經(jīng)過小作者的陌生化處理，即以一副陌生的面孔出現(xiàn)在我們的面前，使我們從另一角度欣賞到了常見事物的美感，體會(huì)到了語言陌生化的藝術(shù)魅力。

二、語言陌生化的途徑與方法

分析這些句子，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)他們具有兩個(gè)共同特征：從途徑上說，就是把抽象的事物具體化，把熟悉的事物陌生化；從方法上說，就是綜合運(yùn)用諸如移用、通感、新奇的比喻與擬人等修辭手法。通過熟練運(yùn)用這些方法，化腐朽為神奇，變習(xí)見為新異，從而使讀者獲得意想不到的美感體驗(yàn)。

比喻是最常見的修辭之一，它的主要作用就是化抽象為具體。新奇的比喻也可把尋常的事物陌生化，增加人和事物間的距離感，從而獲得美感。就如上文句3，“黃昏的頭發(fā)”的意思我們是明白的，就是下午即將過去，黃昏即將來臨?！包S昏”是夜之“頭”，“頭發(fā)”乃人之“頭”，二者形成比喻關(guān)系，較為新奇。句5將小樹逐漸變綠說成是風(fēng)帆逐漸臌脹，句6直接將黃昏比喻為醉漢，都因新奇而別具美感。試再看幾例：

“這些美麗的山茶，邁過季節(jié)的門檻，飄零在我靈魂的曠野?！?4（林玲《季節(jié)無痕》）山茶經(jīng)過門檻一樣的季節(jié)，走進(jìn)我曠野般的靈魂，比喻新穎別致。

“黃昏/繞過風(fēng)景中的池畔/荷塘里浮動(dòng)的/是朵朵鮮綠的詩詞。”15（王媺《等待》）把一首首詩詞比喻成一朵朵荷花，清新典雅，含蓄蘊(yùn)藉。

比擬有擬人擬物之分，也是常用修辭之一，它通過把物人化和把人物化或者把甲物乙物化，達(dá)到新穎別致、親切動(dòng)人的藝術(shù)效果。前述句2“半死的月光”，句4“山痩”“河肥”，句6“蹣跚”的“黃昏”，句7“疲憊的歌”，句9“笑春風(fēng)”，句10“醒”來的“煙”，句14“邁過門檻”的“山茶”，句15“繞過池畔”的“黃昏”等，就明顯地運(yùn)用比擬的手法，給山、河等事物以可感的形象、人為的特征。在這里，人與物、物與人、物與物之間特性互通，擺脫了就事說事，就物說物的蒼白、枯燥，給人鮮明的印象，具有豐富的美感。再如：

“冬天的樹用光禿禿的樹桿，一遍又一遍地臨摹著太陽的影子，丈量著歲月的長(zhǎng)度。”16（容蓉《冬日戀歌》）“臨摹”“丈量”都是人為的動(dòng)作，此處讓“樹”具有，人物共通，給人以全新的感受。

“女人坐在小院子當(dāng)中，手指纏繞著柔滑修長(zhǎng)的葦眉子，葦眉子又薄又細(xì)，在她懷里跳躍著?！?7（孫犁《荷花淀》）葦眉子也會(huì)“跳躍”，比擬手法化靜為動(dòng)，十分傳神。

通感（移覺）其實(shí)是一種特殊的比喻，它是不同感覺之間的互通，可以以聽覺寫視覺，也可以用視覺寫聽覺，觸覺、味覺、嗅覺等都可以相互為用，進(jìn)而使語言陌生化，收到新奇而意味深長(zhǎng)的審美效果。上文句10“雞聲”“鳥話”之聽覺與“月白”“楓紅”之視覺相互打通，相互浸染，營(yíng)造了一種氤氳迷蒙、渾然一體的境界。句11“鐘聲”與“濕”搭配，也是聽覺與視覺或觸覺的打通。這種句子也是俯拾即是：

“山色逐漸變得柔嫩，山形也逐漸變得柔和，很有一伸手就可以觸摸到的凝脂似的感覺。”18（碧野《天山景物記》）這是視覺到觸覺的共通。

“海在我們腳下沉吟著，詩人一般。那聲音仿佛是朦朧的月光和玫瑰的晨霧那樣溫柔；又像是情人的蜜語那樣芳醇；低低的，輕輕的，像微風(fēng)拂過琴弦，像落花飄在水上?！?9(魯彥《聽潮》)聽覺、視覺、嗅覺交互使用，美不勝收。“微風(fēng)過處，送來縷縷清香，仿佛遠(yuǎn)處高樓上渺茫的歌聲似的?！?0（朱自清《荷塘月色》）以聽覺寫嗅覺。

“光與影有著和諧的旋律，如梵婀嶺上奏著的名曲?！?1（朱自清《荷塘月色》）是視覺與聽覺的相通。

移用（移就）應(yīng)該是語言陌生化最常用也是最有效的的手段。所謂移用，就是甲、乙兩種事物相關(guān)聯(lián)，就把本是用來修飾甲事物的詞語移來用作修飾乙事物的修辭方式。它實(shí)際上是一種詞語的活用方法，經(jīng)常把形容人的修飾語移用到物上。這種用法表面上看似乎有些用詞不當(dāng)，但卻能產(chǎn)生耐人尋味的藝術(shù)效果。前述各例句中，大部分都采用了移用的手法，使這些句子意味深長(zhǎng)。句1中本來“淋濕的”應(yīng)是“鳥羽”，卻移用為“鳥聲”；“跌落”的也應(yīng)該是一種具體的物件，而此處移用為“鳥聲”；“剪”的對(duì)象主要是織物一類的東西，而這里移用為“柳枝”；“婀娜”本用來形容姿態(tài)柔和美好，而此處以“一片”修飾之，使其移用為名詞，即“婀娜的姿態(tài)”。這些只是描寫一個(gè)“春天來了”的簡(jiǎn)單事實(shí)，但顯然比“春天來了”的直接陳述要更細(xì)膩、新穎、形象、生動(dòng)。句2“喉音”“隨風(fēng)飄散”，句3“穿過”“早晨”、“走進(jìn)”“尾聲”，句4“收”“秋”、“村子”“漲”，句5“小樹”“漲”，句6“黃昏”“倒下”，句7“紡織”“歌”，句8“裁”“細(xì)葉”、“剪”“春風(fēng)”，句9“桃花”“笑”，句10“煙”“醒”，句13“燃燒”“黑暗”，句16“丈量”“歲月”等不一而足，都是與習(xí)慣表達(dá)完全不符的搭配，造成了語言的陌生化，增加了文章的表現(xiàn)力，提升了語言的美感。類似句子簡(jiǎn)直比比皆是：

“窗外/被秋風(fēng)吹得很瘦很瘦的蟲鳴/戚戚地咬著我的心?！?2（王一飛《我心隨秋》）悲秋之意形象鮮明，別致新穎。

“蛙鼓在故鄉(xiāng)的田野里長(zhǎng)勢(shì)良好，金黃的稻穗害起了濃烈的相思。”23（黎云智《蛙聲》）鄉(xiāng)思之情如此表達(dá)，不能不叫人拍案叫絕。

同是寫蛙聲，有人這樣表達(dá)，效果同樣明顯：“蛙聲在故鄉(xiāng)的鄉(xiāng)野間流淌開來，夜色抹平了對(duì)面的山和白花花的水稻田?！?4（張青云《最后一堵墻》）

“潮濕的鳥啼還沾在睫毛上，她的思念早已展羽遠(yuǎn)飛?！?5（易如《采蓮子》）寫落淚的思念，也非常耐人尋味。

可以使語言陌生化的修辭還有夸張、雙關(guān)等?！耙粋€(gè)渾身黑色的人，站在老栓面前，眼睛正像兩把刀，刺得老栓縮小了一半。”26（魯迅《藥》）“兩把刀”“縮小了一半”用夸張的手法，突出了康大叔的蠻橫暴虐和華老栓的老實(shí)膽小?！皷|邊日出西邊雨，道是無晴卻有晴?！?7（劉禹錫《竹枝詞》）“晴”“情”諧音雙關(guān)，韻味無窮。諸如此類，茲不贅述。

當(dāng)然，使語言陌生化的各種修辭不是孤立的，往往是各種修辭綜合運(yùn)用，甚至在修辭之間形成你中有我我中有你的交互現(xiàn)象，使得整個(gè)句子儀態(tài)萬方、搖曳多姿，仔細(xì)把玩，方覺情味雋永。就如句1，除前述多用移用外，“鳥鳴”靠“聽覺”，“跌落”靠“視覺”，是為通感；“柳條”之于“絲縷”，構(gòu)成比喻；而“婀娜”之“舞”乃仗人為，是為擬人。而在我們研究了大量比擬、通感之后就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，其實(shí)比擬、通感都有移用之妙。再看兩例：

“粗野的山風(fēng)爬進(jìn)古老的夜，傳說圍著火塘繁衍。三峽的情感在鼎罐里沸騰。女人的愛情如瞿塘高懸的太陽，驚心動(dòng)魄地升，驚心動(dòng)魄地落。和尚倒掛著，滴出一江清淚。祖先沉默于凝重的懸棺里。青銅劍銹跡斑斑?！?8（徐志茂《三峽風(fēng)景》）“粗野”“山風(fēng)”“爬進(jìn)”“夜”，擬物、移用兼有；“傳說”“圍著”“繁衍”，擬人、移用并存；“感情”“沸騰”是移用，“一江清淚”是借喻，“祖先”“沉默”用婉曲，簡(jiǎn)直就是修辭手法大聚會(huì)，而恰是這些修辭手法的綜合運(yùn)用把三峽風(fēng)情形象而別致地說出，給人以無限的美感。

“太陽的影子躺在波浪上，黎明搖著棕櫚葉，搖著綠色的光。就在那兒，夜晚擊落飛舞的海鷗。我的夢(mèng)在顫栗的水藻間游蕩，天空和大海的胸襟，插滿千千萬萬朵紫羅蘭。就在那兒，我留給沙灘的溫漉漉的腳印，被無情的潮汐舔平。就在那兒，時(shí)間鳴響著衰老，我的夢(mèng)落葉一樣不可挽回的飄零?！?9（楊煉《藍(lán)色狂想曲》）比喻、比擬、移用交錯(cuò)使用，使文章五彩斑斕、風(fēng)情萬種。

三、語言陌生化的原則與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用各種修辭手段無疑可以實(shí)現(xiàn)語言陌生化，增強(qiáng)語言表現(xiàn)力，讓人耳目一新，并在進(jìn)一步的聯(lián)想想象中，獲得美感。但不恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂?，甚至濫用，則非但于增強(qiáng)文章美感無益，反而會(huì)極大地?fù)p壞其美感。也就是說，語言陌生化必須有個(gè)“度”，應(yīng)有其相應(yīng)的原則與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這個(gè)“度”至少有兩個(gè)，一是頻度，二是陌生度。對(duì)于前者，主要是強(qiáng)調(diào)不可通篇使用陌生化語言，這個(gè)道理不難理解。語言陌生化的初衷是為文章增加亮點(diǎn)，增強(qiáng)文章表現(xiàn)力和美感。如果通篇都用陌生化語言，則文章反而無亮點(diǎn)可言。另一個(gè)問題是，通篇都用，很容易導(dǎo)致詞語的堆砌，給人無病呻吟、矯揉造作之感，從而以華麗的形式損害了內(nèi)容的深刻與豐富。什么時(shí)候用呢？竊以為應(yīng)該在那些人們最習(xí)以為常的諸如“春天來了”“光陰似箭，日月如梭”的表達(dá)上使用語言陌生化，給人不一般的感覺，緩解那種因太尋常而引起的所謂審美疲勞。

前句如句1，此不贅述，后者也可換一種表達(dá)：“血色的夕陽還未涂紅檐下雨燕的歌喉，心急如焚的雞鳴早已把半天殘?jiān)聮煸诹松窖?。歲暮的爆竹聲剛在春雨的懷里悄然睡去，枯瘦的寒風(fēng)又把太陽的影子送到歲月的末梢?！?0（董華翱《時(shí)間你早》）一天的瞬間轉(zhuǎn)換，四季的短暫更迭，被形象化、陌生化了，再也不是那個(gè)讓人望而生厭的大路貨了，我們不但可以從中感受到時(shí)間過得真快，還覺得新穎耐讀，并樂于接受。

陌生度是說不能為“陌生”而“陌生”，換句話說，不是越陌生越好。語言的陌生化要服務(wù)于內(nèi)容表達(dá)的需要，要以人們熟知的事物和語匯為基礎(chǔ)，加以適當(dāng)?shù)淖冃魏透脑?。熟悉的表達(dá)和陌生的表達(dá)間一定要有關(guān)聯(lián)，有讓人們可以聯(lián)想起來的關(guān)聯(lián)，也就是讓人能夠看懂。距離確實(shí)可以產(chǎn)生美感，但距離太遠(yuǎn)可能產(chǎn)生的更多的是厭煩與無奈。我們來看個(gè)例子，來自當(dāng)代著名流行歌曲詞作者方文山的《青花瓷》：

“素胚勾勒出青花筆鋒濃轉(zhuǎn)淡，瓶身描繪的牡丹一如你初妝。冉冉檀香透過窗心事我了然，宣紙上走筆至此擱一半。

“釉色渲染仕女圖韻味被私藏，而你嫣然的一笑如含苞待放。你的美一縷飄散，去到我去不了的地方。

“天青色等煙雨，而我在等你。炊煙裊裊升起，隔江千萬里。在瓶底書漢隸仿前朝的飄逸，就當(dāng)我為遇見你伏筆。

“天青色等煙雨，而我在等你。月色被打撈起，暈開了結(jié)局。如傳世的青花瓷自顧自美麗，你眼帶笑意。

“色白花青的錦鯉躍然于碗底，臨摹宋體落款時(shí)卻惦記著你。你隱藏在窯燒里千年的秘密，極細(xì)膩猶如繡花針落地。

“簾外芭蕉惹驟雨門環(huán)惹銅綠，而我路過那江南小鎮(zhèn)惹了你。在潑墨山水畫里，你從墨色深處被隱去。”

這段歌詞非常有名，引來了是是非非的諸多爭(zhēng)論。有的（如馬未都）指出其中的知識(shí)錯(cuò)誤，也有的（如裴光輝）則為其平反；有的（如清華大學(xué)）挑出其中病句讓考生辨析，也有的（大多數(shù)年輕人）為其擊節(jié)叫好，隨口就可以吐露幾句。這里我不想湊熱鬧參與論辯，只是想從語言陌生化的角度做一些較為客觀的分析。

第三篇：語法專題教案(老師版)

專題教案 任課教師：江小謙

高考英語語法填空專題

本章內(nèi)容導(dǎo)讀

一、動(dòng)詞(謂語/非謂語)

二、名詞

三、代詞

四、冠詞

五、介詞

六、連詞(從屬連詞/并列連詞)

七、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

八、形容詞/副詞

九、挖掉表示起承轉(zhuǎn)合的副詞或副詞性短語

十、詞形變化或者詞性變化

十一、特殊句型（或固定短語）

十二、定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞．

十三、狀語從句

十四、名詞性從句

十五、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)

十六、非謂語動(dòng)詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

十七、倒裝語序、主謂一致關(guān)系、強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)及其他

十八、語法填空專練（8篇）專題教案 任課教師：江小謙

序言

一、語法填空的考查范圍： 語境(上下文）； 語法：動(dòng)詞（時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致、非謂語形式）、名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞 固定搭配、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、復(fù)合句、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)最高級(jí)及構(gòu)詞法、倒裝等。

二、語法填空的能力要求：

1.閱讀/理解語篇的能力 2.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力 3.熟練運(yùn)用語法的能力

4.單詞拼寫能力和邏輯推理能力等，對(duì)中下層考生來說，難度較大。

三、重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)：掌握句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

首先，我們必須熟練掌握簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）主語+謂語（+賓語+賓補(bǔ)）（2）主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語

其次，我們要充分了解充當(dāng)各個(gè)句子成分的典型詞類：

（1）充當(dāng)主語或賓語的典型詞類是名詞或代詞。此外，還有動(dòng)名詞、不定式短語等。（2）充當(dāng)謂語的一定是動(dòng)詞。

（3）充當(dāng)補(bǔ)語或表語的典型詞類是形容詞。

（4）在名詞前作定語的典型詞類是形容詞或形容詞性物主代詞。（5）作狀語的典型詞類是副詞。

再次，我們還要掌握句子的擴(kuò)展結(jié)構(gòu)：兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句之間若不用句號(hào)或分號(hào)，就必須要用連詞，否則，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整。連詞主要有以下四類：

（1）用and,but,or,while(而，卻)，when（就在這個(gè)時(shí)候）等構(gòu)成并列句。

（2）用if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,so that等構(gòu)成含狀語從句的復(fù)合句（這里要注意區(qū)分一下復(fù)雜句和復(fù)合句，復(fù)合句是包含在復(fù)雜句這個(gè)概念里面的,在下文的基礎(chǔ)寫作部分有提到）。

（3）用who,which,that,when,where,why等構(gòu)成含定語從句的復(fù)合句。（這里要提醒考生的是往往不給任何提示的空就是填連詞或關(guān)系詞的，但也須結(jié)合句子結(jié)構(gòu)來分析。）

（4）用that,if/whether(是否)，wh-等構(gòu)成含名詞性從句的復(fù)合句。

四、解題方法：

用句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析法巧解語法填空.分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)解答語法填空題很有幫助。在解答語法填空題時(shí)，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以迅速確定所要填的詞語的詞類或大致方向，若再結(jié)合語境就可以很快得出具體的詞語或詞形，結(jié)合語境方面要特別注意短文的時(shí)態(tài)和上下文中的一些提示。專題教案 任課教師：江小謙

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語，或使用括號(hào)中的詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標(biāo)號(hào)的相應(yīng)位置。

The Internet has become part of young people’s life.____1____ report shows that 38% of students often use the Internet.Most of them get _____2____(use)information on the Internet ____3____ use the Internet to help in their studies.But many students don’t use it _____4____ a good way.Some play games too much, some visit websites ____5____ shouldn’t look at.So bad things may happen ____6___ students spend too much time on the Internet._____7____ is important for students to use the Internet properly.Now we have a textbook, _____8____ uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet.It gives useful advice.Some students also make ____9____ on the Internet.But if you want to have a face-to-face ____10_____(meet)with your online friends, let your parents know and meet in a proper place.1.A.從下文中可以看出這是一個(gè)報(bào)道表明,前文還沒有出現(xiàn),無須特指.考查冠詞的用法.2.useful.提示詞use有名詞和動(dòng)詞的詞性，在這里是要一個(gè)形容詞修飾imformation.考察詞性的判定和轉(zhuǎn)化。

3.and.從這個(gè)句子要表達(dá)的意思來看get 和 use是并列的謂語動(dòng)詞。4.in.固定搭配，in a way 表示用某種方法。

5.they.這是一個(gè)省略了that/which 的定語從句，從句子成分來看，此句缺乏主語，是用來修飾websites,而關(guān)系代詞在定語從句種作賓語，故省略，填they來作從句中的主語。

6.if.從上一句話承接下來的一個(gè)結(jié)果，但用了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may,此空應(yīng)該填連詞來引導(dǎo)一個(gè)條件狀語從句。

7.It.形式主語it代替真正的主語-不定式to use the Internet.8.which.通過句子分析法可以知道這是一個(gè)非限制性的定語從句。

9.friends.由語境，下文中online friends推斷出make friends 這個(gè)短語。10.meeting.提示詞meet雖有名詞詞性，但have a meeting是習(xí)慣搭配。專題教案 任課教師：江小謙

一、動(dòng)詞(謂語/非謂語)

給出動(dòng)詞的原形，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要給出其適當(dāng)?shù)男问健Ｌ顒?dòng)詞形式，首先抓住主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，確定主句，剩下的部分，如有連詞，則是句子，仍然有主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，否則就用非謂語；是謂語就思考時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)，主謂一致，是非謂語就看主動(dòng)被動(dòng)，有否先后關(guān)系。

主要考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：每年必考的考點(diǎn)，主要從以下幾個(gè)角度來命題： ② 慣性用法。測(cè)試語境中動(dòng)詞的詞義辨析；測(cè)試一些習(xí)慣用語中的動(dòng)詞；測(cè)試一些系動(dòng)詞。

②下列動(dòng)詞組成的短語：break，carry，come，get，give，go，look，pick，send，set，take，turn。英語詞組的深層含義挖掘、多種含義拓寬也是當(dāng)今考題的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)。每年的高考英語科考試大綱中雖列出了單詞和詞組，但并未注明其具體的含義，這就給命題者留下了自由的伸縮空間。所以在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，不能拘泥于其在教材上的含義，要大膽地對(duì)其深層含義進(jìn)行挖掘。如：go out便可挖掘出以下含義：出去；出國(guó)；發(fā)出去；貼出去；出去參加社交活動(dòng)；離家出去工作；壓塌；（火）熄滅；過時(shí)；死去；消失；辭職；下臺(tái)；結(jié)束；罷工等。（在完形填空中多加注意）

【例1】Two or three years ago this kind of glasses was a favorite with the children，but now it _______.A.has gone over B.has gone out C.goes by D.is going down 【答案】B 【解析】go out在這是“過時(shí)”之意。答案選 B。

【例2】They’ve _______ us ￡150,000 for the house.Shall we take it？ A.provided B.supplied C.shown D.offered 【答案】D 【解析】解答本題時(shí)不能只依據(jù)表面意思來選擇。provide表示“提供”之意，但常構(gòu)成 provide sb.with sth.（提供某人某物）或 provide sth.for sb.（提供某物給某人）；supply也表示“提供”之意，但常構(gòu)成：supply sb.with sth.或 supply sth.to sb；show 意為“帶路，給某人看”，不合句意；offer常用為：offer sb.sth.（提供某物給某人）。所以答案是 D。

【例3】To everybody’s surprise，the fashionable young lady _______ to be a thief.A.found out B.proved out C.putout D.turned out 【答案】D 【解析】find out表示“打聽，查明”；prove out搭配錯(cuò)誤；putout表示“撲滅，熄滅”；turn out表示“證明是，結(jié)果是”。故答案為 D。專題教案 任課教師：江小謙

練習(xí)：

1.? Ms Chen(teach)me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present.（廣州一模）

2.? I was certain she would like it because I(tell)by my classmates that she loved hot food.（廣州一模）

3.? The exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom,__________(change)to the library at the last minute..(廣州二模)4.I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he __________(break)his finger.（深二模）

5.The child, Nicole Hobson,(take)by her mother to Children's Memorial Hospital about 11 p.m., Wednesday to check ?（汕頭二模）

6.A transit spokesman said the driver should(make)radio call to the control center for help.（汕頭二模）

7.An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that(encourage)students to study abroad.（茂名二模）

8.One of them was a visitor, saying he wouldn’t have been there if he ______(watch)the weather forecast the day before.(梅州二模)9.We must also consider the reaction of the person(receive)the gift.（廣州一模）? With the problem(solve), I felt proud of my achievement..(廣州二模)11 ? I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left_________(complete)the rest..(廣州二模)12.There,(place)neatly beside the empty dish ,were two nickels and five pennies—her tip!（深一模）

13.(compare)with the previous year, the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15 ,000, or a rise of 13%.（茂名二模）

14.Storms swept along New Mexico's border with Texas on Friday, ______(destroy)homes and other buildings and injuring?(梅州二模)15．We must practise speaking and(write)the language whenever we can.16．but it is not enough only(memorize)rules from a grammar book.（佛山一模）17.The television viewer makes no choice and no judgment.He is completely passive and has everything ______(present)to him without any effort on his part.（東莞一模）Keys: 1.has taught / has been teaching /had taught /had been teaching 2.was told/ had been told 3.was changed 4.had broken 5.was being taken 6.have made 7.encourages 8.had watched 9.receiving 10.solved 11.to complete12.placed 13.compared 14.destroying 15.writing 16.to writing 17.presented 專題教案 任課教師：江小謙

二、名詞

主要考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：名詞的用法,語境中詞性的判斷，詞的轉(zhuǎn)化。在語法填空題中常出現(xiàn)給一個(gè)提示詞要求用它的正確形式填空，重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)：

① 掌握名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)律以及與相近語法的關(guān)系（名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的使用受冠詞、數(shù)詞和主謂一致等語法的制約，因此復(fù)習(xí)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意分析名詞前的數(shù)詞、量詞、冠詞等修飾語情況，還應(yīng)注意主謂一致問題）。

② 熟悉、區(qū)別可數(shù)不可數(shù)（英語中有些名詞有時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，而有時(shí)又是不可數(shù)名詞，其區(qū)別由各自不同的用法而定，這是名詞可數(shù)性用法的難點(diǎn)）。如：work 工作，不可數(shù)名詞；著作 作品，可數(shù)；工廠 作坊，可數(shù)；工程 工事，可數(shù)。

③ 掌握名詞所有格的表示方法和名詞作定語的用法，特別注意 else的所有格、雙重所有格的用法?！纠?】The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _______ of 60 miles.A.length B.distance C.way D.space 【答案】B【解析】本題考搭配，from at a distance of...從??的距離。選 B。

三、代詞

主要考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：不定代詞和替代詞的用法，It的用法和人稱代詞賓格。

復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：①指代必須準(zhǔn)確無誤。②在使用人稱代詞、反身代詞、物主代詞這三類代詞時(shí)，要注意它們?cè)诰渲械娜朔Q、單復(fù)數(shù)及性別與所有格的一致性。③疑問代詞的用法。④it，one，that是高考命題鎖定的三個(gè)代詞。

【例5】—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village？ — _______ way as you please.A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Either 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)句中 three一詞，可以相應(yīng)的判斷答語中應(yīng)用表示三者的詞，即在 A、B、C 中選擇。另外，從語境上看，問者詢問的是“我應(yīng)該走哪條路可以到達(dá)鄉(xiāng)村？”而從答話人的語氣看，應(yīng)是“哪條路（任何一條路）都可以”。故選 C。

練習(xí)：

1.?I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax.（廣州二模）

2.The little boy pulled right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it.（深一模）

3.?the driver did to help and even stopped once to pick up more passengers.（汕頭二模）專題教案 任課教師：江小謙

4．If you give your children ? that they can never do anything quite right, then they will regard as unfit or unable persons.（深圳羅湖）

5.Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of were self-funded students,?（茂名二模）

6．Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear spoken.（佛山一模）

Keys: 1.myself 2.his 3.nothing 4.themselves 5.them 6.it

四、冠詞

主要考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：冠詞的基本用法、零冠詞的用法、抽象名詞具體化和固定搭配。

復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：（1）定冠詞的用法：主要是一些記憶性的東西，比較繁雜，可以記幾個(gè)順口溜：特指雙熟悉，上文已提及；世上獨(dú)無二，序數(shù)最高級(jí)；普轉(zhuǎn)專有名，習(xí)語及樂器。

② 特指”指某些人或事物。如：The Englishmen in the dining room are having supper now.②談話雙方都熟悉的人或事物，即“語境特指”。如：Take the medicine.③ 上文已提及的人或事物，即“前照應(yīng)特指”。如：He bought a house.I have been to the house.④ 世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。如：The sun sets.⑤ 序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)前。如：I live on the second floor.⑥ 由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如：The United States.⑦ 一些習(xí)慣短語中或西洋樂器前。如：in the way，by the hour，on the other hand，all the year round，play the piano the violin.2）不加冠詞的幾種情況：下列情況應(yīng)免冠，代詞限定名詞前；專有名詞不可數(shù)，學(xué)科球類三餐飯；復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，兩節(jié)星期月份前；顏色語種和國(guó)名，稱呼習(xí)語及頭銜。①名詞前已有作定語用的 this，that，some，any，my等限定詞。②專有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。如：Unity is strength.③表示學(xué)科的名詞前。如：Economics is different from politics.④球類活動(dòng)的名詞及三餐總稱前。如：He likes playing football and always has supper outside.⑤復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指（一類人或事物）時(shí)。如：They are students and we are teachers.⑥節(jié)日、季節(jié)、星期、月份前。如：Spring follows winter.We have few classes on Sunday.⑧ 表示顏色、語種和國(guó)家的非全稱名詞前。如：White is a beautiful color in China.⑨ 在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前。如：Where is Dad，Mum？Bush was made president of the USA again.⑩ 某些習(xí)慣短語中。如：in bed，in spite of，by chance，lose heart，catch fire，catch sight of，go to school，find fault with，make use of，take exception to（反對(duì)）。（零冠詞在語法填空的練習(xí)中只出現(xiàn)過一次，正規(guī)模擬考試中沒有出現(xiàn)過，我們只作了解，不作為重點(diǎn)。）3）不定冠詞的幾種特殊用法：

①專有名詞前用不定冠詞，表示“像??的一個(gè)人或物”。如：He thinks he is a Napoleon.7 專題教案 任課教師：江小謙

②姓名前用不定冠詞，表示“某個(gè)叫??的人”，多指不認(rèn)識(shí)的人。如：A Miss Smith came to see you that afternoon.③用于某些物質(zhì)名詞前，表示“一種、一份、一陣”等。如：—What would you like to drink？—A tea and a coffee.④用于某些抽象名詞前，使抽象概念具體化。這種用法的名詞有 surprise，knowledge，success，failure，pleasure，interest，joy等等。如：All his efforts ended in failure.⑤不定冠詞用在population，history，area，height，weight，depth，length，speed等詞前。如：To escape the pull of the earth，a rocket must reach a speed of40，000 km h?！纠?】Of all the subjects，I like______ history the best because it gives us _______ useful knowledge of things in the past.A.the；a B./；a C.a;the D.a;/ 【答案】B【解析】history是不可數(shù)名詞，前面一般不加冠詞；knowledge也是不可數(shù)名詞，但 knowledge前加不定冠詞，后跟 of時(shí)組成 a knowledge of結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“對(duì)??精通、了解”。所以答案為 B。

練習(xí)：

1．? But my mood quickly changed when I saw_____ first question.(廣州二模)2? Then I went to the department store ? and bought her expensive gift box of Sichuan beef..(廣州一模)3.Tom, 8—year—old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop.（深一模）

4．He talked about how I wrestled with him in the evenings and _____ good many other things.（深二模）

5.I told the bus driver that my baby had just had heart operation and that she was having ____ heart failure.（汕頭二模）

6.Television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also _____ comparatively cheap one.（東莞一模）Keys: 1.the 2.an 3.an 4.a 5.a 6.a

五、介詞

介詞為虛詞，不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子成分，必須同名詞、代詞、短語、句子構(gòu)成介詞短語，才能充當(dāng)句子成分。介詞短語在句中常作表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)足語。介詞的用法比較復(fù)雜，在英語學(xué)習(xí)中須多多注意。想看基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，請(qǐng)看介詞。下面我們來學(xué)點(diǎn)介詞口訣。幫你快速記單詞。

一、介詞及介詞短語

介詞像個(gè)“游離體”，名前動(dòng)后常出現(xiàn)，一旦組成“某結(jié)構(gòu)”，句中成分有一位。專題教案 任課教師：江小謙

“介+賓”叫“介短”，作“形、副”句里邊。“賓補(bǔ)、表、定、狀”，都能用得上①。

“動(dòng)+介”——?jiǎng)釉~性②，“及、不及物”謂語用。成語、習(xí)語常固定，應(yīng)用起來有彈性。

注 ①介詞后面的名詞、代詞或數(shù)詞是介詞的賓語，介詞和介詞賓語合成介詞短語。介詞短語在句中的語法作用相當(dāng)于形容詞或副詞，在句中做賓（主）語、補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語或狀語。

②“動(dòng)詞+介詞（副詞）”組成一個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組或短語動(dòng)詞，其語法作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞，在句中作謂語。

二、介詞在句中的位置

介詞活躍句關(guān)鍵，短語合成形簡(jiǎn)單，獨(dú)作成分看不見，介短表定狀可擔(dān)。before時(shí)空在之前，after之后off遠(yuǎn)。直上 over，above斜，under，below下相反。直到till，on表面，穿過through，for因緣。by表旁邊in里面，with伴隨by車船。時(shí)間地點(diǎn)at、in、on，二者between多among，behind后面beside旁，附近near沿著along。from來自like像，表示目的for，to當(dāng)。of所屬周圍round，向上up向下down。

三、on,at,in用法巧記

on，at，in這三個(gè)常用介詞都可以表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，但具體用法不同。現(xiàn)在只要記住了口訣，就可避免at，on，in的種種誤用。1.on，in，at表示時(shí)間 on“在具體某一天”①

“當(dāng)某時(shí)”，動(dòng)名詞，arrival，death前； 用in一般“上”“下”“晚”； on用于天，in用于月、季、年③； 限定三時(shí)in要變。④ at是個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，“工作”“時(shí)刻”與“圣誕”⑤。at noon（night），in the day，習(xí)慣用語記心間。

注：①on表示在具體某一天及具體某一天的上午、下午和晚上。

例 On Mother's Day, we should sned flowers to our mother.母親節(jié)，我們應(yīng)該送花給我們的母親。專題教案 任課教師：江小謙

On my arrival home，I found he had gone already．當(dāng)我到家時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他已經(jīng)走了。② 當(dāng)early，late用于句首修飾介詞短語時(shí)，盡管表示具體某一天的上午、下午、晚上，都要用in，泛指一般的上、下午，晚上也用in。

例 Early in the morning of National Day，I got up to catch the first bus to the zoo． 國(guó)慶節(jié)一清早，我便起床去趕到動(dòng)物園的第一班公共汽車。

My father begins work at 8：00 in the morning and stops work at 4：00 in the afternoon． 我父親上午8點(diǎn)上班，下午4點(diǎn)下班。

③于將來時(shí)態(tài)表示“過一段時(shí)間后” 及表示“在??期間” 和“在某個(gè)季節(jié)，某年、某月” 都用in。

例 I hear he’ll be back in a month．我聽說他將于一個(gè)月后回來。

In the course of the last lesson in French，little Franz was listening to the master very attentively．在那最后一堂法語課中，小弗朗茲非常用心地聽著老師講。Xiao Ming was born in December of 2004.小明生于2004年12月。

④當(dāng) morning，afternoon，evening有前位定語或后置定語限定時(shí)，就不用in而用on。例 on a hot(summer)noon 在一個(gè)炎熱（夏天）的中午 on Monday Morning 在星期一上午

on the morning of March 8th在3月8日上午 ⑤ 表示某時(shí)某刻及在work，Christmas前用at。例 We get up at eight o’clock． 我們8點(diǎn)起床。

My father are busily at work all day． 我父親整天忙于工作。

In western countries children get present from their parents at Christmas． 在西方國(guó)家，孩子們?cè)谑フQ節(jié)得到父親給的禮物。

2.on，in，at表示地點(diǎn)

on“在之上”接觸面，“靠近、接壤、左右邊”①； in“在里面”和“中間”②；

at表示小地點(diǎn)，“入口、車站、電影院”③； home出現(xiàn)定語、冠，須用in把a(bǔ)t換④； “夜間、車輛”若有限，及“在途中”on在前⑤。

注： ①在表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)，指“在??之上（與表面接觸）” “靠近、接壤”及“在左右邊”都用on。例 There is an English-Chinese dictionary and two grammar books on the big desk．那張大寫字臺(tái)上有一本英漢詞典和兩本語法書。

Korea lies on the northeast of China． 朝鮮位于中國(guó)東北方。

專題教案 任課教師：江小謙

Tom was sitting on my left when we saw the film yesterday． 我們昨天看電影時(shí)，湯姆坐在我左邊。

②表示“在??里面”（即物體內(nèi)部），“在??中間”（即middle前）都用in。

例 Jim turned the key in the lock and opened the door． 吉姆把鑰匙插在鎖孔里，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)一下，打開了門。

Soon they were in the middle of the river． 很快他們就游到了河中間。

練習(xí)：

1.I was always told that the three Ps,?,were a sure path_______ success.(廣州二模)2．"Don't be always particular _ your present work and income.(惠州一模)3.It began to make sense to me that I could include praise along ______ constructive criticism.（深二模）

4.He showed the public a limited edition four-wheel drive car, which is especially made _______his personal taste.(梅州一模)5.Five were in critical condition______ head trauma(外傷, 損傷), said Liz Crouch, the center's chief operating officer.(梅州二模)6．There is no easy way to success language learning.Keys: 1.to 2.about 3.with 4.to 5.with 6.in 7.ninth

六、連詞(從屬連詞/并列連詞)A)引導(dǎo)各種從句的連詞叫從屬連詞。如名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞what, who, which, when, where, whatever, whoever, whichever, whether；副詞從句引導(dǎo)詞where, wherever, when, if , how, unless, until ? 練習(xí)：

1.? Many things must be considered such as

the person is interested in and how old he is.（廣州一模）

2.My face turned red on hearing __ my mother said.(惠州一模)3.she would point out they had mastered and declared firmly they could learn what they had missed.（深圳羅湖）

4．The American Academy of Pediatrics(兒科)says children really need for health development is more good, old-fashioned playtime.(四校聯(lián)考)5.I almost started to yell his name _____ I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep.（深二模）

6.children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.專題教案 任課教師：江小謙

7.Statistics show that China carried out the openinging形式，而句子主語為 fine的承受者，故用被動(dòng)式。attempt和 fine之間并無先后關(guān)系，因此不能用完成時(shí)態(tài)。故答案為 D。

十七、倒裝語序、主謂一致關(guān)系、強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)及其他

主要考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

從歷屆高考題可以看出，高考并沒有完全放棄測(cè)試語言形式。語言知識(shí)這類的題目，尤其是強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝兩部分，在語法填空中有考查到強(qiáng)調(diào)句和it作形式主語＋that引導(dǎo)主語從句的辨析。從試題分析來看，加大知識(shí)類題目的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜程度和句意理解難度，注重知識(shí)類題目的情景化是近幾年高考命題的趨勢(shì)。

重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)：①考查知識(shí)之間的相互交叉的現(xiàn)象，加強(qiáng)綜合考查語法知識(shí)的力度應(yīng)該是這一內(nèi)容命題的新趨勢(shì)。

②it形式主語和 there be句型的結(jié)合。專題教案 任課教師：江小謙

③強(qiáng)調(diào)句和定語從句的結(jié)合。④情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和反意疑問句的結(jié)合。⑤祈使句和反意疑問句的結(jié)合。⑥主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)的結(jié)合。

⑦獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、平行結(jié)構(gòu)和從句的結(jié)合。

【例16】I failed in the final examination last term and only then _______ the importance of studies.A.I realized B.I had realized C.had I realized D.did I realized 【答案】D 【解析】這是一道倒裝和時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)合考查的題目。only then位于句首，句子應(yīng)進(jìn)行部分倒裝。“意識(shí)到”的動(dòng)作是指“過去某時(shí)的動(dòng)作”，而不是指 failed之前的動(dòng)作。所以答案為 D?！纠?7】The teacher，with 6 girls and8 boys of her class，_______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A.Was B.were C.had been D.would be 【答案】A 【解析】這是一道時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致交叉考查的試題。with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class補(bǔ)充說明 the teacher，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和 the teacher保持一致。因事情發(fā)生在地震的時(shí)候，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故答案為 A。專題教案 任課教師：江小謙

語法填空專練（8篇）

語法填空專練一

In the small towns of the United States in the 1(nineteen)century, the general store was 2 everyone bought the things he couldn’t make 3 grow at home.What the stores sold 4(tell)a great deal about 5 life at that time.People bought tools that they needed for farm work;salt, sugar and 6 foods that the farm didn’t produce;articles of clothing that they couldn’t make 7;shirts for the men;or clothes for the children.Life was simple then.One feels that people were 8(thank)for what they had and that they looked 9 with courage to whatever the future brought.It would be interesting to know how they would feel about the life today.Would it seem to them that life is too complex? Would they enjoy 10(live)a life as we do now?

語法填空專練二

Do you feel 1 difficult to be happy all the time? Now I’ll give you some tips 2 how to make yourself happy.One way is being 3(self)because unselfishness is the key factor 4(require)if you want to get along well with others.By 5(say)being unselfish we mean we 6 not want everything our own way or demand the best share of everything.Another way is to look for good points in 7 people.You’ll find most people pleasant to go with and it will surely make you happy.Third, you can not expect to be too perfect, 8 don’t be too unhappy when you make a mistake.Everything will be OK if you try to make things right.Finally, it is important to remember that while you are not 9(bad)that others, chances you have may not be much better.In this case, 10 surest way to be happy is to think yourself above other people.語法填空專練三

We may be very 1(please)with the rapid progress we have made in every field of study, but we have almost done nothing to improve our present 2(exam)systems which focus 3 testing the students’ memory instead of their 4(able).As soon as a child begins schoo, he enters a world of examination 5 will decide his future of job.In fact a good examination stystem should encourage students to think for themselves.But the examination now does anything but that.It forces the students to remember 6 is taught to get high marks.Thus the students who come out first in the examination often many be the 7(good)in their studies.In addition, such 8 examination system often drives teachers to cram all the time and forces them to train students what to do with the 9(come)examination.There must be a better way to test a student’s true ability as 10 as their knowledge.語法填空專練四

More American people take their troubles with them on holiday, according 1 a new survey.Although 40 percent said that the main reason for going away is to escape 2(press)from work, almost all said they worry more 3 they do at home.Only fore in every one hundred said that they are happy and free of care.The most common worry is burglary（入室盜竊）, with four out of ten worrying about their homes 4(break)into while they are abroad.More than a quarter feel they will feel crazy 5 some other noisy and rough holiday-makers and twenty-two percent worry they may be attacked 6 their possessions will be 7(miss).The survey also showed 8 the stay-at home Americans are no more.Three out of every five want to have a holiday abroad, which was 9 increase from the figures only three years ago.The hotel holiday is still a winner, with about one third of all Americans 10(prefer)to go on a self-catering（自助）holiday.語法填空專練五 專題教案 任課教師：江小謙

Many Chinese believe 1(eat)pig brains will increase their intelligence and some Americans regularly eat 2(cook)eggs to keep their minds sharp.3 , doctor don’t recommend to eat 4 raw eggs or animal brains.Then, what food is good for your brain? Scientists have found 5 relationship 6 diet and a healthy brain.Generally speaking, fish is a brain food.Besides fish, you should introduce lots of dark green leafy vegetables and colorful fruits into your diet 7 most people lack the special vitamins 8 these brain food provide.If you eat brain foods 9(regular), they can increase brain power---help you pay attention, keep you motivated, improve your memory and 10(less)stress from studies.Then you can do much better in your test.語法填空專練六

Millions 1 words have been said about young people in the United States.There are reasons for this great interest in their ideas, 2(feel)and actions.Today there are about eight million Americans in the colleges and universities.The young under twenty-five make 3 nearly half of the American population, many of 4 will be in power in the U.S..5(nature), their ideas are important to everyone in the country, and 6 is necessary for the older people to understand 7 they think and feel.College students today have strong opinions about right and 8.They are deeply interested in making a 9(good)life for all the people, especially for those who have never 10(give)a fair chance before.語法填空專練七

Liu Xiang was the first Asian ______1_____(win)the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympics in Athens.______2____ that he became an idol(偶像)to the young people.“I never thought I would run under 13 seconds and break the Olympic ____3____.”said Liu Xiang in tears, “I am very very excited.I’m proud not just for myself and for Chinese ____4____ for Asia.My race went ______5_____(wonderful)from start to finish.” Liu added.“It is _____6_____ amazing experience being the Olympic champion.I want to thank my coach and my friends for _____7____their help.I think today we Chinese have showed the world we ____8_____ run as fast as anybody else.”

Since his return from Athens, Liu Xiang has been at the center of a media circus and he has been to many press appearances and meetings.____9____ Liu thinks 2004 is just the beginning, and he expects to be at his peak in the 2008 Beijing Olympics.Liu said, “For some players, it’s just a job.For me, it’s ____10____ I love.”

語法填空專練八 Life is difficult.But life is no longer difficult once we truly understand and accept it.Most do not fully see this truth.___1___ they complain about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy.It seems to them that difficulties represent ___2___special kind of suffering especially forced upon them or else upon their families, their class, or even their nation.___3___ makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems ___4___ painful.Problems, ___5___(depend)on their nature, cause us sadness or loneliness or regret or anger or fear.These are ___6___(comfort)feelings, often as any kind of physical pain.And since life causes an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.Yet it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning.Problems are the serious test that tells success from___7___(fail).When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems just as in school we set problems for our children __8___(solve).It is through the pain of meeting and working out problems ___9___we learn.As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt , instruct.” It is ___10___this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems.專題教案 任課教師：江小謙

Keys: 一 1.nineteenth 2.where 3.or 4.tells 5.the 6.other 7.themselves 8.thankful 9.forward 10.living 二 1.it 2.on 3.unselfish 4.required 5.saying 6.should 7.other 8.so 9.worse 10.the 三 1.pleased 2.examination 3.on 4.ability 5.which/ that 6.what 7.best 8.an 9.coming 10.well 四 1.to 2.pressure 3.than 4.being broken 5.with 6.or 7.missing 8.that 9.an 10.preferring 五 1.eating 2.uncooked 3.However 4.either 5.a 6.between 7.because 8.that 9.regularly 10.lessen 六 1.of 2.feelings 3.up 4.whom 5.Naturally 6.it 7.what 8.wrong 9.better 10.been given 七 1.to win 2.after 3.record 4.but(also)5.wonderfully 6.an 7.all 8.can 9.But 10.what 八 1.Instead 2.a 3.What 4.is 5.depending 6.uncomfortable 7.failure 8.to solve 9.that 10.for

第四篇：許暉老師簡(jiǎn)介

許暉老師簡(jiǎn)介

中國(guó)女性愛心演講演唱第一人；

世界華人冠軍俱樂部金牌講師；

團(tuán)隊(duì)心態(tài)建設(shè)教練

長(zhǎng)沙市杰出創(chuàng)業(yè)女性；

亞洲澳門國(guó)際公開大學(xué)工商管理碩士；

政協(xié)委員和優(yōu)秀共產(chǎn)黨員；

湖南騰飛人生俱樂部創(chuàng)始人；

1995年光榮加入中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨，畢業(yè)于河北冶金工業(yè)學(xué)校； 1998年在湖南省寧鄉(xiāng)縣創(chuàng)業(yè)；

2001年成立電器連鎖品牌。

2006年被評(píng)為“中國(guó)下崗職工自主創(chuàng)業(yè)中優(yōu)秀共產(chǎn)黨員代表； 2007年成為中國(guó)心態(tài)建設(shè)教練；

2008年創(chuàng)立大型中西餐廳，成為政協(xié)委員和慈善家；

2009年攻讀亞洲澳門國(guó)際公開大學(xué)工商管理碩士，被評(píng)為“長(zhǎng)沙市杰出創(chuàng)業(yè)女性”稱號(hào)；

2009年創(chuàng)立湖南騰飛人生俱樂部

2010年愛心演講數(shù)場(chǎng)

2011年加入世界華人冠軍俱樂部，連續(xù)兩次破公司記錄！

許暉老師的使命是：十年時(shí)間幫助一百萬人改變命運(yùn)！達(dá)到精神財(cái)富雙豐收！過上幸福快樂的生活！

主講內(nèi)容：企業(yè)如何快速?gòu)?fù)制人才

第五篇：語法專題4 形容詞和副詞

一、演練提升

1.(2011·江蘇高考)In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are.A.special C.optional B.regional D.original 2.(2011·福建高考)Nowadays, there is a increase in children’s creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.A.sharp B.slight C.natural D.modest 3.(2011·安徽高考)

, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.A.Hopefully B.Normally

C.Thankfully D.Conveniently 4.(2011·浙江高考)The professor could tell by the look in Maria’s eyes that she didn’t understand a single word of his lecture.A.cold B.blank C.innocent D.fresh 5.(2011·浙江高考)I’ve been writing this report for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.A.finally B.immediately D.certainly C.occasionally 6.(2011·浙江高考)My schedule is very right now, but I’ll try to fit you in.A.tight B.short C.regular D.flexible 7.(2011·湖北高考)The old engineer’s eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was , though slow.A.shaky B.heavy C.casual D.steady 8.(2011·湖北高考)An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s character;however, they are not always.A.practical B.avoidable C.permanent D.beneficial 9.(2011·湖北高考)The state-run company is required to make its accounts as as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.A.transparent B.reasonable C.secure D.formal 10.(2011·江西高考)She has already tried her best.Please don’t be too about her job.A.special C.unusual B.responsible D.particular 11.(2011·江西高考)The house was too expensive and too big., I’d grown fond of our little rented house.A.Besides B.Therefore C.Somehow D.Otherwise 12.(2011·全國(guó)高考Ⅱ)Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn’t ask for a

boss.A.better B.good

C.best D.still better 13.(2011·上海春招)You’d be exposed to a lot

pollution if you moved to a town with pure water and air.A.more B.most C.less D.least 14.(2011·四川高考)—How was your recent trip to Sichuan? —I’ve never had one before.A.a pleasant B.a more pleasant C.a most pleasant D.the most pleasant 15.(2011·江西高考)—The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.—Why?It’s than the films I have ever seen.A.far more interesting B.much less interesting C.no more interesting D.any less interesting 16.(2011·全國(guó)高考Ⅰ)The form cannot be signed by anyone yourself.A.rather than B.other than C.more than D.better than 17.(2011·全國(guó)高考Ⅱ)It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is

another to play it well yourself.A.quite B.very C.rather D.much 18., she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.A.Shy and cautious B.Sensitive and thoughtful C.Honest and confident

D.Lighthearted and optimistic 19.Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life and more , have reduced the need for face-to-face communications.A.easily;efficient B.easier;efficient C.easy;efficiently D.easily;efficiently 20.Mr Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been.A.popular B.more popular D.the most popular C.most popular 21.Father goes to the gym with us although he dislikes going there.A.hardly B.seldom C.sometimes D.never 22.Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have schedules to make it easier to care for their children.A.heavy B.smooth C.flexible D.complex 23.(2012·武漢部分學(xué)校新起點(diǎn)調(diào)研)Though your status is permanent, your identification card is only for 20 years and has to be renewed regularly.A.valid B.convenient C.temporary D.secure 24.The island is attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.A.partly B.merely C.nearly D.equally

## 答案：

一、演練提升

1.C 句意:在那所學(xué)校, 英語是所有學(xué)生必修的, 但是法語和俄語則是可以選修的。special “特殊的, 特別的”;regional “地區(qū)的, 區(qū)域的”;optional “可選的, 并非必須的”;original “起初的, 原來的”。

2.A sharp “銳利的, 明顯的”;slight “輕微的”;natural “自然的”;modest “謙虛的”。由第二句中的they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents可知, 孩子們的創(chuàng)造力應(yīng)該明顯提高。句意:目前, 孩子們的創(chuàng)造力明顯提高, 因?yàn)樗麄儽粯O大地鼓舞去發(fā)展他們的才能。故選A項(xiàng)。

3.C hopefully “有希望地, 有前途地”;normally “正常地, 一般地, 通常, 常態(tài)地”;thankfully “感謝地, 感激地”;conveniently “方便地, 便利地”。句意:謝天謝地, 我設(shè)法通過了比賽, 因而為此所受的苦最終是值得的。

4.B cold “冷的, 冷淡的”;blank “茫然的, 無表情的”;innocent “天真的, 清白的, 無辜的”;fresh “新鮮的, 清新的”。句意:從瑪麗亞茫然的眼神中, 教授能夠斷定她根本不明白他講課的內(nèi)容。故選B項(xiàng)。

5.C finally “最后”;immediately “立刻, 馬上”;occasionally “偶爾, 有時(shí)候, 不時(shí)地”;certainly “當(dāng)然, 必定”。

6.A tight “緊的, 密封的, 沒空的”;short “短的, 短缺的”;regular “定期的, 有規(guī)律的”;flexible “靈活的”。句意:我的日程現(xiàn)在安排很緊, 但我會(huì)盡力為你騰出時(shí)間。故選A項(xiàng)。7.D shaky “搖晃的”;heavy “沉重的”;casual “隨便的”;steady “穩(wěn)定的”。句意:這位年邁的工程師穿過房間, 腳步很慢卻步伐穩(wěn)健, 布滿皺紋的古銅色的臉上目光炯炯。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。8.C practical “實(shí)際的, 實(shí)用的”;avoidable “可以避免的”;permanent “永久的, 持久的”;beneficial “有益的”。句意:一個(gè)不幸的童年或許會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)人的性格產(chǎn)生消極影響, 然而這些影響也不會(huì)一直持久存在下去。故C項(xiàng)正確。

9.A transparent “透明的”;reasonable “合理的”;secure “安全的”;formal “正式的”。句意:國(guó)有企業(yè)被要求賬務(wù)做得盡可能公開透明, 讓全體員工都能監(jiān)督資金的使用。故A項(xiàng)正確。10.D 句意:她已經(jīng)盡力了, 請(qǐng)不要對(duì)她太苛刻。根據(jù)題意可知答案為D項(xiàng), particular “挑剔的, 苛刻的”。A項(xiàng) “特別的”;B項(xiàng) “負(fù)責(zé)的”;C項(xiàng) “不同尋常的”。

11.A 根據(jù)題中 “The house was too expensive and too big” 可知, 這座房子太大又太昂貴, 而且說話人越來越喜歡自己租的小房子, 由此可知前后兩句為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。

12.A “can’t/couldn’t + 比較級(jí)” 表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義。注意 “——” 表示解釋說明, 根據(jù)前一句 “Mr Stevenson is great to work for” 可知, 史蒂文森是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的老板, 因此說 “我真的不能找到一個(gè)比他更好的老板了”。

13.C 句意:如果我們搬到空氣清新、水質(zhì)純凈的小鎮(zhèn)去, 我們受到的污染將會(huì)少得多。空格前的a lot修飾比較級(jí)more或less;根據(jù)后面的語意選C項(xiàng)。

14.B 當(dāng)形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)與否定詞連用時(shí), 表示最高級(jí)含義。句意:——你最近去四川的旅行怎么樣?——這是我經(jīng)歷過的最快樂的一次。

15.A 根據(jù)題中 “not a bit interesting” 可知, 說話人認(rèn)為這部電影實(shí)在是沒意思。再根據(jù)答語中 “Why” 可知, 第二個(gè)人并不同意第一個(gè)人的看法, 所以答案為A項(xiàng)。far more “多得多, 更加”。

16.B rather than意為 “而不是”;other than意為 “除了”;more than意為 “超過, 不僅僅”;better than意為 “好于”。句意:這張表格除了你本人外, 不能由任何人代簽。

17.A quite another表示 “完全不同”。句意:喜歡聽好音樂是一回事, 但你自己演奏得好完全是另一回事。

18.D 此處四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為形容詞作狀語。shy and cautious “靦腆而謹(jǐn)慎”;sensitive and thoughtful “敏感而多思”;honest and confident “誠(chéng)實(shí)而自信”;lighthearted and optimistic “無憂無慮而樂觀向上”。句意:無憂無慮而樂觀向上, 她是那種通過微笑向人們播撒陽光的女人。19.B 句意:雖然計(jì)算機(jī)和移動(dòng)電話的確在使我們的生活變得更便捷更高效,但這些東西已減少了面對(duì)面交流的需要。make our life easier and more efficient “使我們的生活更便捷更高效”。reduce the need for “減少??的需要”。

20.B 根據(jù)主句的意思 “布萊克先生非常高興” 可知, 他們廠生產(chǎn)的服裝應(yīng)該是 “受歡迎的”;否定詞與形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)連用表示最高級(jí)的概念。

21.C hardly “幾乎不”;seldom “很少, 不?！?sometimes “有時(shí)”;never “從不”。句意:父親有時(shí)和我們一起去體育館, 盡管他不喜歡去那兒。

22.C heavy “重的”;smooth “順利的,平滑的”;flexible “靈活的, 易彎曲的”;complex “復(fù)雜的”。句意:走出家門的職業(yè)媽媽們應(yīng)該有靈活的時(shí)間安排以便能更容易地照顧孩子。由此可知, C項(xiàng)正確。

23.A 句意:雖然你的身份是永久的, 但你的身份證的有效期只有20年, 因此不得不定期更新。valid “合法的, 有效的”;convenient “方便的”;temporary “暫時(shí)的”;secure “安全的”。24.D 根據(jù)題干中的原因狀語 “because of the pleasant weather in both seasons(因?yàn)閮蓚€(gè)季節(jié)中宜人的天氣)” 可以判斷, 這里表達(dá)的含義是:這個(gè)島嶼在春天和秋天都 “同樣地” 迷人。equally “同樣地”;partly “部分地”;merely “只是, 僅僅”;nearly “幾乎, 接近”。