第一篇：英文作文 - 誰應(yīng)改為“責(zé)任”下定義

Who should define what is “responsible”(or “good”)is?

I advocate the idea that an external party outside of the organization should define responsibility.Only in this way can responsibility be defined and measured in the most impartial manner.Responsibility defined by a man himself or by the collective tends to be biased and often centered upon his/their private motives.A man or a collective defined responsibility based on his/their own values and principles and hence failed to take into account what the society expected of him/them.In other words, a man or a collective often consider only his/their own interest when attempting to define responsibility on his/their own and this frequently lead to undesirable impacts on the society.For example, in the past when many countries were under the monarchy rule, responsibility was defined solely by the ruler himself.He was free to use his powers to control the nation’s wealth and the life and death of his subjects.And throughout history, we saw many incompetent and irresponsible rulers, such as the last emperor of Tang dynasty in china, who used his power on womanizing and maintaining his luxury life instead of taking care of his people, leading to the fall of Tang dynasty.On the other hand, when responsibility is defined by an external party, it ensures the reliable interpretation and use of power.Detached from the collective physically and emotionally, a third party is more likely to define responsibility fairly and stringently, matching moral values and ethics uphold by the society.A guideline measured against expectation of society is usually present to ensure responsible use of power.An illustrative example to explain this point will be the recent corruption scandal of former Taiwanese president Chen Shui Bian.Based on his own moral standard, he may not feel guilty for his actions since he is merely acting on his basic instinct to keep what he deserved.Under social standard, however, the Taiwanese interpreted his action as corruption of national wealth and is morally wrong and unacceptable.Because he has illegally manipulated wealth belonging to the society, Chen has failed to use his powers responsibility.Hence, the presence of an external party will ensure and guide the responsible use of power and therefore responsibility should be defined by and subjected to the scrutiny of an external third party.

第二篇：保修期滿房屋漏雨責(zé)任應(yīng)誰負(fù)

保修期滿房屋漏雨責(zé)任應(yīng)誰負(fù)

隨著雨季的到來，物業(yè)管理企業(yè)經(jīng)常遇到保修期已滿的房屋由于漏雨而造成室內(nèi)裝修及物品損壞的情況。業(yè)主一是要求物業(yè)管理公司對漏雨房屋進(jìn)行修繕，二是要求賠償受損物品。如果處理不當(dāng)，極易發(fā)生糾紛。各物業(yè)管理公司處理方法各有不同，有的動用維修基金維修；有的用物業(yè)管理服務(wù)費進(jìn)行維修；有的直接讓業(yè)主攤錢修理。至于對業(yè)主所造成損失的賠償問題，更沒有統(tǒng)一的處理方法。

如果用維修基金進(jìn)行修復(fù)，建設(shè)部、財政部印發(fā)的《住宅共用部位共用設(shè)施設(shè)備維修基金管理辦法》中規(guī)定：“維修基金的使用執(zhí)行《物業(yè)管理企業(yè)財務(wù)管理規(guī)定》，專項用于住宅共用部位、共用設(shè)施設(shè)備保修期滿后的大修、更新、改造”。但屋頂維修雖屬共用部位，但夠不上大修標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，也談不上更新、改造，按規(guī)定不符合使用維修基金的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。如果用物業(yè)管理服務(wù)費來進(jìn)行維修，《城市住宅小區(qū)物業(yè)管理服務(wù)收費暫行辦法》第二條規(guī)定：“物業(yè)管理服務(wù)費是指物業(yè)管理單位接受物業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)人、使用人委托對城市住宅小區(qū)內(nèi)的房屋建筑及其設(shè)備、公共設(shè)施、綠化、衛(wèi)生、交通治安和環(huán)境容貌等項目開展日常維護、修繕、整治服務(wù)及提供其它與居民生活相關(guān)的服務(wù)所收取的費用”?？梢钥闯鰳I(yè)主所交物業(yè)費中應(yīng)包括房屋建筑的日常維護、修繕整治等費用。但本辦法的第八條住宅小區(qū)公共性服務(wù)收費的費用構(gòu)成中僅在第二項中規(guī)定了公共設(shè)施、設(shè)備日常運行、維修及保養(yǎng)費，未提到房屋建筑的日常維護和修繕，與第二條的規(guī)定不能統(tǒng)一。因此在具體實施過程中無法進(jìn)行參照。

讓各戶業(yè)主直接分?jǐn)傎M用進(jìn)行維修。在沒有向業(yè)主收取維修基金的情況下還可以讓業(yè)主接受，而對于業(yè)主已交納了維修基金和物業(yè)管理服務(wù)費的，則很難找到合理的收費依據(jù)。

針對上述情況，請貴刊幫忙對保修期已滿房屋漏雨維修的費用應(yīng)該由何處列支，物業(yè)管理公司該不該承擔(dān)損壞物品的賠償責(zé)任，這兩個問題予以解答。廊坊市華夏物業(yè)管理有限公司 居律師解答：

首先需要解決的問題，不是維修的費用應(yīng)該由何處列支的問題，而是誰負(fù)有維修義務(wù)的問題。只有先解決誰負(fù)有維修義務(wù)的問題，才能解決維修的費用應(yīng)該由何處列支和物業(yè)管理企業(yè)該不該承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任的問題。

對保修期已滿的房屋或共用部位承擔(dān)維修義務(wù)的人，在下列兩種不同的情況下分別是開發(fā)商和全體業(yè)主。如果漏雨的原因是房屋或共用部位的質(zhì)量不符合質(zhì)量要求而且業(yè)主在兩年的保修期內(nèi)向開發(fā)商提出過質(zhì)量異議，那么，對房屋或共用部位負(fù)有維修義務(wù)的，是開發(fā)商。開發(fā)商承擔(dān)維修義務(wù)，是開發(fā)商基于與購房人之間的房屋買賣合同關(guān)系對購房人承擔(dān)義務(wù)。

如果漏雨的原因不是共用部位的質(zhì)量不符合質(zhì)量要求，或者，雖然漏雨的原因是共用部位的質(zhì)量不符合質(zhì)量要求，但業(yè)主沒有在兩年的保修期內(nèi)向開發(fā)商提出過質(zhì)量異議，那么，對共用部位負(fù)有維修義務(wù)的，是全體業(yè)主（包括開發(fā)商在內(nèi)）。全體業(yè)主承擔(dān)維修義務(wù)，是每一個業(yè)主基于與其他業(yè)主之間的財產(chǎn)共有關(guān)系對其他業(yè)主承擔(dān)義務(wù)。在業(yè)主委員會成立之前，開發(fā)商代表全體業(yè)主行使對共有財產(chǎn)的權(quán)利、承擔(dān)對共有財產(chǎn)的義務(wù)。對共用部位等共有財產(chǎn)的維修，開發(fā)商作為全體業(yè)主的代表應(yīng)首先履行這一義務(wù)。在開發(fā)商履行這一義務(wù)后，因維修而發(fā)生的費用由全體業(yè)主共同承擔(dān)。

以上兩種情況，分別是開發(fā)商對購房人承擔(dān)的義務(wù)和開發(fā)商作為全體業(yè)主的代表應(yīng)首先履行的義務(wù)。前者不屬于物業(yè)管理，后者屬于物業(yè)管理。開發(fā)商一般將這兩種情況下的維修義務(wù)都委托給物業(yè)管理企業(yè)完成。但是，在開發(fā)商與物業(yè)管理企業(yè)簽訂的委托合同中，雙方一般都不對房屋或共用部位的維修做上述兩種區(qū)分，維修費用如何列支就成為物業(yè)管理企業(yè)不知如何解決的問題，也使得業(yè)主不加區(qū)分地將矛頭全部指向物業(yè)管理企業(yè)。所以，物業(yè)管理企業(yè)在與開發(fā)商簽訂委托合同時或者從現(xiàn)在開始，應(yīng)當(dāng)與開發(fā)商在合同中分清楚哪些不屬于物業(yè)管理、哪些屬于物業(yè)管理。不屬于物業(yè)管理的，維修費用應(yīng)當(dāng)由開發(fā)商單獨支付，不得在維修基金或物業(yè)管理服務(wù)費中列支或者讓業(yè)主分?jǐn)偅粚儆谖飿I(yè)管理的，另當(dāng)別論。所謂另當(dāng)別論，是指：有共有財產(chǎn)收益的，維修費用應(yīng)首先在共有財產(chǎn)的收益中列支；沒有共有財產(chǎn)的收益或在共有財產(chǎn)的收益中列支后的不足部分，因材料的更換或添加發(fā)生的費用應(yīng)當(dāng)在維修基金中列支，服務(wù)費用應(yīng)當(dāng)在物業(yè)管理服務(wù)費中列支。

對《住宅共用部位共用設(shè)施設(shè)備維修基金管理辦法》和《城市住宅小區(qū)物業(yè)管理服務(wù)收費暫行辦法》中使用的“大修”、“修繕”、“維修”進(jìn)行法律概念上的區(qū)分以試圖將三者分別與“維修基金”和“物業(yè)管理服務(wù)費”對號入座是行不通的。在“大修”、“修繕”、“維修”之間，無法劃分明確的界限，立“法”者也無意將三者做不同的概念使用。按照《合同法》以及會計和稅務(wù)方面的規(guī)定，對維修費用進(jìn)行“材料的費用”和“服務(wù)費（即報酬）”的區(qū)分才是必需的。無論是“大修”、“修繕”、“維修”，都包含“材料的費用”和“服務(wù)費”兩個部分?！安牧系馁M用”部分，由委托人預(yù)付或受托人墊付，是應(yīng)當(dāng)由委托人承擔(dān)的，計入委托人和受托人之間的資金往來，受托人不會因為“材料的費用”的收支納稅?！胺?wù)費”部分，是受托人的營業(yè)所得，受托人應(yīng)當(dāng)交納這部分的營業(yè)稅和所得稅。

由于上述兩種情況下承擔(dān)維修義務(wù)的人都是開發(fā)商，對業(yè)主的賠償責(zé)任應(yīng)當(dāng)由開發(fā)商承擔(dān)。開發(fā)商將不屬于物業(yè)管理的維修義務(wù)或?qū)儆谖飿I(yè)管理的維修義務(wù)委托給物業(yè)管理企業(yè)面物業(yè)管理企業(yè)沒有盡到維修義務(wù)的，均視為開發(fā)商沒有盡到維修義務(wù)，開發(fā)商應(yīng)先行賠償業(yè)主的損失。開發(fā)商在對業(yè)主承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任以后，可以根據(jù)物業(yè)管理企業(yè)是否存在違約行為以及物業(yè)管理企業(yè)的違約行為是否與損害結(jié)果之間存在因果聯(lián)系決定是否要求物業(yè)管理企業(yè)承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任。物業(yè)管理企業(yè)對業(yè)主不承擔(dān)任何賠償責(zé)任。

上述答案完全出自于法律的設(shè)計?，F(xiàn)實中，由于稅收和會計方面對物業(yè)管理企業(yè)的監(jiān)管無力，要求物業(yè)管理 企業(yè)按照法律的設(shè)計列支維修費用所獲得的非法利益遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于其違法行為面臨的風(fēng)險和付出的成本，選擇法律設(shè)計的相反方向列支維修費用對于物業(yè)管理企業(yè)來說可能更為“正確”。由于物業(yè)管理企業(yè)與開發(fā)商之間的特殊關(guān)系，按照法律的設(shè)計在物業(yè)管理企業(yè)和開發(fā)商之間進(jìn)行責(zé)任的劃分對于物業(yè)管理企業(yè)和開發(fā)商來說可能都沒有實際意義，或許，物業(yè)管理企業(yè)將業(yè)主的矛頭引向自己而不是引向開發(fā)商，更符合物業(yè)管理企業(yè)和開發(fā)商的共同利益和長遠(yuǎn)利益。

答疑律師：北京市天為律師事務(wù)所資深律師 居永和

第三篇：英文作文 --- 權(quán)利和責(zé)任

Power and responsibility

An example of a situation of irresponsible use of power is illustrated by the misuse of earthquake relief funds by corrupted government in Sichuan, China.Instead of using it to rebuild the home of the civilians who are affected by the earthquake, local government misused these funds.For

example, nearly 10 million was spent on reconstructing a luxurious, resort-like town house, which the Chinese netizens described as “too extravagant for a town house”.The source of power, in this case, is position power exercise by the authority.The Sichuan local government, been the leader and representation of its district, were given complete control of the relief funds as to where and how it is spent.Despite being entrusted with the responsibility to make good use of the relief funds to improve the lives of the victims of the earthquake, the government had failed to meet the

expectation and trust of the donors and victims.Thus, power is been abused and used irresponsibly.Conversely, responsible use of power is credited when power is put into good use.I am particularly impressed at the way the captain of my touch rugby team in my JC days used her authority as a captain to motivate the team members.Her source of power is a combination of position and personal power.As the captain of the team, she is trusted and dependent on by her teammates.Using her influence to encourage everyone when the team moral is low, this represents a situation in which power is been used approvingly.Thus, in conclusion, irresponsible use of power happens when power exercised brought

disappointment to the supporters of the source of the power.But when the use of power brings benefits and meets the expectation of its supporters, power is been exercised responsibly.

第四篇：天下興亡,誰的責(zé)任？

天下興亡，我的責(zé)任

“天下興亡，我的責(zé)任?！钡谝淮螣o意間看到這句話時，很吃驚，是誰敢這么大肆揚言天下之責(zé)在自己身上？天下的興衰，怎是你一個人能掌控的了的？

看了那篇文章后，不禁深想：“天下興亡，匹夫有責(zé)?！弊詮墓湃苏f過這句名言后，我們聽得有些年頭了，仍記得在很多場合、很多時候，聽了都會下意識地鼓掌，而且每每出于某種目的——為了向旁人證明什么吧!拍得生疼，拍的麻木，似乎是掌聲愈大愈能體現(xiàn)我們的情感。作為民族的一分子，我常常心虛地質(zhì)問自己，除了拍巴掌，我做過什么？

“匹夫”的含義是什么呢？“天下興亡，匹夫有責(zé)。”這好比在高考中，為每一位考生加五十分，結(jié)果如何呢？

仍記得孩童時，在談及未來的理想時，總是驕傲地說長大后要為祖國、為社會做貢獻(xiàn)；在作文里也常常自詡為祖國的花朵，未來的棟梁之才；提及“愛國”時，腦中會機械的閃現(xiàn)“熱愛祖國、愛人民、愛中國空產(chǎn)黨……”這一類話語。這些似乎早已潛移默化的扎根于我們的心中。

隨著年齡的成長，我們對那片飄揚著五星紅旗的土地有了進(jìn)一步了解，是那課本上一遍遍地謳歌的英雄事跡、是那些頻頻出現(xiàn)在光輝史冊上的偉人的名字，我們對他們充滿了崇拜與敬仰，同時，也不斷感慨，時勢造英雄！是啊，21世紀(jì)的我們和他們比較起來，少了些他們“位卑不敢忘憂國”的感人肺腑之語；少了些他們“先天下之憂而憂，后天下之樂而樂”矢志不渝的報國之志；少了些他們“茍利國家生死以，豈因禍福避趨之”刻骨銘心的報國之情；少了些他們“報國之心，死而后已”可歌可泣的愛國之行。但是，我們也能和他們一樣，能和他們一樣都擁有一顆赤誠之心。

作為學(xué)習(xí)者，擁有對學(xué)校的敬畏，遵守校內(nèi)各項校規(guī)制度，擁有對老師的敬畏，認(rèn)真聽好每一堂課、完成每次的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。這何嘗不是“天下興亡，我的責(zé)任?！钡谋憩F(xiàn)。作為從業(yè)者，擁有對工作的敬畏，愛崗敬業(yè)，做好分內(nèi)之事，擁有對職業(yè)道德的敬畏，不挾私欲，誠實守信，者又何嘗不是“天下興亡，我的責(zé)任?！钡谋憩F(xiàn)。作為炎黃子孫的每一個人，擁有對中華民族文化的敬畏，擁有對祖國大好河山的敬畏，愛我們各族同胞的燦爛文化、愛護路邊的一花一草、愛護房前的一磚一瓦……這何嘗不是“天下興亡，我的責(zé)任。”淋漓精致的表達(dá)！、提倡公民道德、弘揚愛國精神，并不是非要等到每年的道德建設(shè)月，每年的國慶日，講道德，談愛國，月月都是道德月，天天都是愛國日。它們應(yīng)該是作為一種我們的本能來彰顯！

體現(xiàn)在我們生活的一絲一縷、行動的點點滴滴。面對學(xué)習(xí)上的錯誤，勇敢的說“我的責(zé)任！”，面對工作上的紕漏，坦誠地說“我的責(zé)任！”，面臨失誤、挫敗……都應(yīng)該大聲地說“我的責(zé)任！”

現(xiàn)在，再次看到“天下興亡，我的責(zé)任?！边@句話時，有了更多的敬畏與責(zé)任，是的，天下興亡，我的責(zé)任！

伊利師范學(xué)院

教育科學(xué)系楊徐

第五篇：責(zé)任英文演講稿

Hello, everyone.I’m just so glad that all could join us today, and I’m very happy to share my opinions about responsibility.On September 8th 2009, that is the first day of school.The president of the United States, Barack Obama made a public speech named “we are what we learn” on Wakefield high school in Arlington, Virginia.Students from all across America from kindergarten through 12th grade were watching the live broadcast.Obama told all the students “Parents responsibility is to make their children stay on track and get their homework done not spend every working hour in front of TV or with the Xbox.The government’s responsibility is to set high standard and support teacher and principals and turn around schools that aren’t working.However, the students’ responsibility to itself is to discover what his/her talent is, what he/she can be through hard work”.So be responsible for yourself, in other words, it means responsible for your country.Then what is responsibility? in my opinion, it means we do things that we have to do faithfully.When I was 12 years old, I have to work hard to live up to my parents expectations of me.When I was 18 years old, I wanted to the harbor for my family to draw away sorrow and give them happiness.Now, with the increase in age, people play multiple roles.As a member of family, we should repay our parents’ selfless upbringing.As a member of society, we should obey the rules and commit to social justice.As a intelligence in the planet, we should care for the environmental protection and live in harmony with animals.There is a famous saying that locks in my mind: “everyone is a star in the vast universe to play its invaluable role through its unique function”.Don’t shift your responsibility onto some people in high place.It has nothing to do with how much money you have or what the level of your authority.It is the vast majority of ordinary people that account the big part of our human beings.If everyone shoulders the responsibility consciously, the world will become more beautiful, crime rate will be greatly reduced, clean and fresh air will be reproduced, relationships will be more harmonious.Everyone can and should be a responsible one.