第一篇：語言大師Sarah Jones 在TED中的演講中英文翻譯

Transcript for Sarah Jones as a one-woman global village I should tell you that when I was asked to be here, I thought to myself that well, it's TED.And these TEDsters are--you know, as innocent as that name sounds-these are the philanthropists and artists and scientists who sort of shape our world.And what could I possibly have to say that would be distinguished enough to justify my participation in something like that? And so I thought perhaps a really civilized sounding British accent might help things a bit.And then I thought no, no.I should just get up there and be myself and just talk the way I really talk because, after all, this is the great unveiling.And so I thought I'd come up here and unveil my real voice to you.Although many of you already know that I do speak the Queen's English because I am from Queens, New York.(Laughter)But the theme of this session, of course, is invention.And while I don't have any patents that I'm aware of, you will be meeting a few of my inventions today.And I suppose it's fair to say that I am interested in the invention of self or selves.We're all born into certain circumstances with particular physical traits, unique developmental experiences, geographical and historical contexts.But then what? To what extent do we self-construct, do we self-invent? How do we self-identify and how mutable is that identity? Like, what if one could be anyone at any time? Well my characters, like the ones in my shows, allow me to play with the spaces between those questions.And so I've brought a couple of them with me.And well, they're very excited.What I should tell you--what I should tell you is that they've each prepared their own little TED talks.So feel free to think of this as Sarah University.(Laughter)Okay.Okay.Oh, well.Oh, wonderful.Good evening everybody.Thank you so very much for having me here today.Ah, thank you very much.My name is Loraine Levine.Oh my!There's so many of you.Hi sweetheart.Okay.(Laughter)Anyway, I am here because of a young girl, Sarah Jones.She's a very nice, young, black girl.Well you know, she calls herself black, she's really more like a caramel color if you look at her.But anyway,(Laughter)she has me here because she puts me in her show, what she calls her one-woman show.And you know what that means, of course.That means she takes the credit and then makes us come out here and do all the work.But I don't mind.Frankly, I'm kvelling just to be here with all the luminaries you have attending something like this, you know.Really, it's amazing.Not only, of course, the scientists and all the wonderful giants of the industries but the celebrities.There are so many celebrities running around here.I saw--Glenn Close I saw earlier.I love her.And she was getting a yogurt in the Google cafe.Isn't that adorable.(Laughter)So many others you see, they're just wonderful.It's lovely to know they're concerned, you know.And--oh, I saw Goldie Hawn.Oh, Goldie Hawn.I love her, too;she's wonderful.Yeah.You know, she's only half Jewish.Did you know that about her? Yeah.But even so, a wonderful talent.And I--you know, when I saw her, such a wonderful feeling.Yeah, she's lovely.But anyway, I should have started by saying just how lucky I feel.It's such an eye-opening experience to be here.You're all so responsible for this world that we live in today.You know, I couldn't have dreamed of such a thing as a young girl.And you've all made these advancements happen in such a short time.You're all so young.You know, you're parents must be very proud.But I--I also appreciate the diversity that you have here.I noticed it's very multicultural.You know, when you're standing up here, you can see all the different people.It's like a rainbow.It's okay to say rainbow.Yeah.I just--I can't keep up with whether you can say, you know, the different things.What are you allowed to say or not say? I just--I don't want to offend anybody.You know.But anyway, you know, I just think that to be here with all of you accomplished young people, literally, some of you, the architects building our brighter future.You know, it's heartening to me.Even though, quite frankly, some of your

presentations are horrifying, absolutely horrifying.It's true.It's true.You know, between the environmental degradation and the crashing of the world markets you're talking about.And of course, we know it's all because of the--all the...Well, I don't know how else to say it to you, so I'll just say it my way.The ganeyvish tetikeyt coming from the governments and the, you know, the bankers and the Wall Street.You know it.Anyway.(Laughter)The point is, I'm happy somebody has practical ideas to get us out of this mess.So I salute each of you and your stellar achievements.Thank you for all that you do.And congratulations on being such big makhers that you've become TED meisters.So, happy continued success.Congratulations.Mozel tov.(Applause)Hi.Hi.Thank you everybody.Sorry, this is such a wonderful opportunity and everything, to be here right now.My name is Noraida.And I'm just--I'm so thrilled to be part of like your TED conference that you're doing and everything like that.I am Dominican American.Actually, you could say I grew up in the capital of Dominican Republic, otherwise known as Washington Heights in New York City.But I don't know if there's any other Dominican people here, but I know that Juan Enriquez, he was here yesterday.And I think he's Mexican, so that's--honestly, that's close enough for me, right now.So--(Laughter)I just--I'm sorry.I'm just trying not to be nervous because this is a very wonderful experience for me and everything.And I just--you know I'm not used to doing public speaking.And whenever I get nervous I start to talk really fast.Nobody can understand nothing I'm saying, which is very frustrating for me, as you can imagine.I usually have to just like try to calm down and take a deep breath.But then on top of that, you know, Sarah Jones told me we only have 18 minutes.So then I'm like, should I be nervous, you know, because maybe it's better.And I'm just trying not to panic and freak out.So I like, take a deep breath.Okay.Sorry.So anyway, what I was trying to say is that I really love TED.Like, I love everything about this.It's amazing.Like, it's--I can't get over this right now.And, like, people would not believe, seriously, where I'm from, that this even exists.You know, like even, I mean I love like the name, the--TED.I mean I know it's a real person and everything, but I'm just saying that like, you know, I think it's very cool how it's also an acronym, you know, which is like, you know, is like very high concept and everything like that.I like that.And actually, I can relate to the whole like acronym thing and everything.Because, actually, I'm a sophomore at college right now.At my school--actually I was part of co-founding an organization, which is like a leadership thing, you know, like you guys, you would really like it and everything.And the organization is called DA BOMB, And DA BOMB--not like what you guys can build and everything--It's like, DA BOMB, it means like Dominican--it's an acronym--Dominican American Benevolent Organization for Mothers and Babies.So, I know, see, like the name is like a little bit long, but with the war on terror and everything, the Dean of Student Activities has asked us to stop saying DA BOMB and use the whole thing so nobody would get the wrong idea, whatever.So, basically like DA BOMB--what Dominican American Benevolent Organization for Mothers and Babies does is, basically, we try to advocate for students who show a lot of academic promise and who also happen to be mothers like me.I am a working mother, and I also go to school full-time.And, you know, it's like--it's so important to have like role models out there.I mean, I know sometimes our lifestyles are very different, whatever.But like even at my job--like, I just got promoted.Right now it's very exciting actually for me because I'm the Junior Assistant to the Associate Director under the Senior Vice President for Business Development.That's my new title.So, but I think whether you own your own company or you're just starting out like me, like something like this so vital for people to just continue expanding their minds and learning.And if everybody, like all people really had access to that, it would be a very different world out there, as I know you know.So, I think all people, we need that, but especially, I look at people like me, you know like, I mean, Latinos, we're about to be the majority, in like two weeks.So, we deserve just as much to be part of the exchange of ideas as everybody else.So, I'm very happy that you're, you know, doing this kind of thing, making the talks available online.That's very good.I love that.And I just--I love you guys.I love TED.And if you don't mind, privately now, in the future, I'm going to think of TED as an acronym for Technology, Entertainment and Dominicans.Thank you very much.(Laughter)(Applause)So, that was Noraida, and just like Loraine and everybody else you're meeting today, these are folks who are based on real people from my real life.Friends, neighbors, family members.I come from a multicultural family.In fact, the older lady you just met, very, very loosely based on a great aunt on my mother's side.It's a long story, believe me.But on top of my family background, my parents also sent me to United Nations school, where I encountered a plethora of new characters including Alexandre, my French teacher, okay.Well, you know, it was beginner French, that I am taking with her, you know.And it was Madame Bousson, you know, she was very [French].It was like, you know, she was there in the class, you know, she was kind of typically French.You know, she was was very chic, but she was very filled with ennui, you know.And she would be there, you know, kind of talking with the class, you know, talking about the, you know, the existential futility of life, you know.And we were only 11 years old, so it was not appropriate.But [German].Yes, I took German for three years,[German], and it was quite the experience because I was the only black girl in the class, even in the UN school.Although, you know, it was wonderful.The teacher, Herr Schtopf, he never discriminated.Never.He always, always treated each of us, you know, equally unbearably during the class.So, there were the teachers and then there were my friends, classmates from everywhere.Many of whom are still dear friends to this day.And they've inspired many characters as well.For example, a friend of mine.Well, I just wanted to quickly say good evening.My name is Praveen Manvi and thank you very much for this opportunity.Of course, TED, the reputation precedes itself all over the world.But, you know, I am originally from India, and I wanted to start by telling you that once Sarah Jones told me that we will be having the opportunity to come here to TED in California, originally, I was very pleased and, frankly, relieved because, you know, I am a human rights advocate.And usually my work, it takes me to Washington D.C.And there, I must attend these meetings, mingling with some tiresome politicians, trying to make me feel comfortable by telling how often they are eating the curry in Georgetown.So, you can just imagine--right.So, but I'm thrilled to be joining all of you here.I wish we had more time together, but that's for another time.Okay? Great.(Applause)And, sadly, I don't think we'll have time for you to meet everybody I brought, but-I'm trying to behave myself.It's my first time here.But I do want to introduce you to a couple of folks you may recognize, if you saw “Bridge and Tunnel.” Uh, well, thank you.Good evening.My name is Pauline Ning, and first I want to tell you that I'm--of course I am a member of the Chinese community in New York.But when Sarah Jones asked me to please come to TED, I said, well, you know, first, I don't know that, you know--before two years ago, you would not find me in front of an audience of people, much less like this because I did not like to give speeches because I feel that, as an immigrant, I do not have good English skills for speaking.But then, I decided, just like Governor Arnold Schwartzenegger, I try anyway.(Laughter)My daughter--my daughter wrote that, she told me, “Always start your speech with humor.” But my background--I want to tell you story only briefly.My husband and I, we brought

our son and daughter here in 1980s to have the freedom we cannot have in China at that time.And we tried to teach our kids to be proud of their tradition, but it's very hard.You know, as immigrant, I would speak Chinese to them, and they would always answer me back in English.They love rock music, pop culture, American culture.But when they got older, when the time comes for them to start think about getting married, that's when we expect them to realize, a little bit more, their own culture.But that's where we had some problems.My son, he says he is not ready to get married.And he has a sweetheart, but she is American woman, not Chinese.It's not that it's bad, but I told him, “What's wrong with a Chinese woman?” But I think he will change his mind soon.So, then I decide instead, I will concentrate on my daughter.The daughter's marriage is very special to the mom.But first, she said she's not interested.She only wants to spend time with her friends.And then at college, it's like she never came home.And she doesn't want me to come and visit.So I said, “What's wrong in this picture?” So, I accused my daughter to have like a secret boyfriend.But she told me, “Mom, you don't have to worry about boys because I don't like them.”(Laughter)And I said, “Yes, men can be difficult, but all women have to get used to that.” She said, “No Mom.I mean, I don't like boys.I like girls.I am lesbian.” So, I always teach my kids to respect American ideas, but I told my daughter that this is one exception--(Laughter)that she is not gay, she is just confused by this American problem.But she told me, “Mom, it's not American.” She said she is in love, in love with a nice Chinese girl.(Laughter)So, these are the words I am waiting to hear, but from my son, not my daughter.(Laughter)But at first I did not know what to do.But then, over time, I have come to understand that this is who she is.So, even though sometimes it's still hard, I will share with you that it helps me to realize society is more tolerant, usually because of places like this, because of ideas like this and people like you, with an open mind.So I think maybe TED, you impact people's lives in the ways that maybe even you don't realize.So, for my daughter's sake, I thank you for your ideas worth spreading.Thank you.Shin shen.(Applause)Good evening.My name is Habbi Belahal.And I would like to first of all thank Sarah Jones for putting all of the pressure on the only Arab who she brought with her to be last today.I am originally from Jordan.And I teach comparative literature at Queens College.It is not Harvard.But I feel a bit like a fish out of water.But I am very proud of my students.And I see that a few of them did make it here to the conference.So you will get the extra credit I promised you.But, while I know that I may not look like the typical denizen, as you would say, I do like to make the point that we in global society we are never as different as the appearances may suggest.So, if you will indulge me, I will share quickly with you a bit of verse, which I memorized as a young girl at 16 years of age.So, back in the ancient times.[Arabic] And this roughly translates: “Please, let me hold your hand.I want to hold your hand.I want to hold your hand.And when I touch you, I feel happy inside.It's such a feeling that my love, I can't hide, I can't hide, I can't hide.” Well, so okay, but please, please, but please.If it is sounding familiar, it is because I was at the same time in my life listening to The Beatles.On the radio [unclear], they were very popular.So, all of that is to say that I like to believe, that for every word intended to render us deaf to one another, there is always a lyric connecting ears and hearts across the continents in rhyme.And I pray that this is the way that we will self invent, in time.That's all [unclear].Thank you very much for the opportunity.Okay? Great.(Applause)Thank you all very much.It was lovely.Thank you for having me.(Applause)Thank you very, very much.I love you.(Applause)Well, you have to let me say this.I just--thank you.I want to thank Chris and Jaqueline, and just everyone for having me here.It's been a long time coming, and I feel like I'm home, and I know I've performed

for some of your companies or some of you have seen me elsewhere, but this is honestly one of the best audiences I've ever experienced.The whole thing is amazing, and so don't you all go reinventing yourselves any time soon.

第二篇：楊瀾TED演講中英文對照

楊瀾TED演講：重塑中國的年輕一代

The night before I was heading for Scotland, I was invited to host the final of “China's Got Talent” show in Shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium.在我去蘇格蘭的前一晚，中國達(dá)人秀邀請我 到上海主持總決賽 體育館的現(xiàn)場有八萬名觀眾.Guess who was the performing guest? Susan Boyle.And I told her, “I'm going to Scotland the next day.” 知道特別嘉賓是誰嗎？ 蘇珊大媽.我告訴她，“我明天要去蘇格蘭.“She sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese: 她不但歌聲非常動聽，還學(xué)會了說幾句中文.送你蔥 So it's not like ”hello“ or ”thank you,“ that ordinary stuff.她說:“送你蔥” 這句話的意思不是“你好,” “謝謝,” 那類的話.It means ”green onion for free.“ ”送你蔥“意思是“免費(fèi)的大蔥.” Why did she say that? Because it was a line from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle--a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in Shanghai, who loves singing Western opera, but she didn't understand any English or French or Italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in Chinese.她為什么要說這句話呢? 因為“送你蔥” 是來自有著”中國蘇珊大媽“之稱的 一位五十多歲 在上海賣菜的女?dāng)傌? 她非常喜歡西方歌劇, 但她不懂歌詞的意思 也不會說英語, 法語, 或是意大利語, 所以她以獨特的方式來記歌詞 將歌詞全部換成蔬菜名.(Laughter)And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma that she was singing in the stadium was ”green onion for free.“ So [as] Susan Boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together.That was hilarious.意大利歌劇公主徹夜未眠的最后一句 她當(dāng)時就是以 ”送你蔥“來演唱的.當(dāng)蘇珊大媽說了這句話的時候, 現(xiàn)場的八萬名觀眾一起跟著唱了起來.當(dāng)時的場面十分有趣.So I guess both Susan Boyle and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai belonged to otherness.They were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through.And a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams.我想蘇珊大媽和這位在上海做蔬菜買賣的都屬于與眾不同的一類。她們被認(rèn)為是在演藝圈最不可能取得成功的人，但是他們的勇氣和天賦把她們帶到了夢想的彼岸。而且有一個節(jié)目去給他們舞臺去實現(xiàn)自己的夢想。Well, being different is not that difficult.We are all different from different perspectives.But I think being different is good, because you present a different point of view.You may have the chance to make a difference.當(dāng)然與眾不同并沒有那么難，從不同的角度看我們都是不一樣的。我認(rèn)為與眾不同是好的，因為表現(xiàn)出你有不同的觀點，這給你機(jī)會去產(chǎn)生不同的影響。

My generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of China that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years.我這個年代的人是幸運(yùn)的 我們目睹并參與了 中國歷史性的變化.在過去的二，三十年裡 中國發(fā)生了很多變化.I remember that in the year of 1990, when I was graduating from college, I was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in Beijing, Great Wall Sheraton--it's still there.So after being interrogated by this Japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, ”So, Miss Yang, do you have any questions to ask me?“ I summoned my courage and poise and said, ”Yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell?“ I didn't have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel.That was the first day I set my foot in a five-star hotel.我還記得1990年的時候.我剛好讀完大學(xué), 我當(dāng)時申請了一個營銷的工作 地點是北京的一個五星級賓館, 這個賓館現(xiàn)在還有, 叫喜來登長城飯店.在被一位日本經(jīng)理 詢問了半小時之后, 他在面試要結(jié)束時說, ”楊小姐，你有問題要問我嗎?“ 我鼓起了勇氣，鎮(zhèn)定地問，”你能不能告訴我, 你們賣什么的?“ 因為我當(dāng)時完全不知道 一個五星級飯店的銷售部要做什么.那是我第一次 走進(jìn)一家五星級飯店.Around the same time, I was going through an audition--the first ever open audition by national television in China--with another thousand college girls.The producer told us they were looking for some sweet, innocent and beautiful fresh face.與此同時, 我參加了 由中國國家電臺舉辦的試聽會 這是第一個向大眾開放的試聼會 現(xiàn)場還有上千名的女大生.製作人告訴我們 他們在找甜美，單純 和漂亮的新面孔.So when it was my turn, I stood up and said, ”Why [do] women's personalities on television always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent and, you know, supportive? Why can't they have their own ideas and their own voice?“ 當(dāng)輪到我的時候, 我起身問道, ”為什么在電視上的女人 一定要長得漂亮，甜美，單純 還要配合度高? 為什么她們不能有自己的想法 說自己的話?“ I thought I kind of offended them.But actually, they were impressed by my words.And so I was in the second round of competition, and then the third and the fourth.After seven rounds of competition, I was the last one to survive it.So I was on a national television prime-time show.我想我一定得罪了評委。但是事實上，我的發(fā)言給他們留下了深刻的印象。接下來我進(jìn)入了第二輪的選拔，然后是第三輪，第四輪。在經(jīng)過七輪的選拔后，我勝出了。成為了一個國家電視臺黃金時段節(jié)目的主持人。And believe it or not, that was the first show on Chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved script.(Applause)And my weekly audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.你也許不敢相信, 這個節(jié)目是中國第一個 允許主持人 表達(dá)他們自己的想法 他們不需要念之前寫好的稿.（掌聲）我當(dāng)時每週的觀眾人數(shù) 達(dá)到200-300萬.Well after a few years, I decided to go to the U.S.and Columbia University to pursue my postgraduate studies, and then started my own media company, which was unthought of during the years that I started my career.幾年后，我決定去美國哥倫比亞大學(xué)進(jìn)修。之后我有了自己的傳媒公司，這是在我剛畢業(yè)的時候想都不敢想的。So we do a lot of things.I've interviewed more than a thousand people in the past.And sometimes I have young people approaching me say, ”Lan, you changed my life,“ and I feel proud of that.我和我的團(tuán)隊做了很多事情。在過去的這些年，我采訪了上千人。有時候有年輕人走過來對我說：“楊瀾，你改變了我的生活?！蔽乙矠榇硕院?。But then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country.I was in Beijing's bidding for the Olympic Games.I was representing the Shanghai Expo.I saw China embracing the world and vice versa.But then sometimes I'm thinking, what are today's young generation up to? How are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of China, or at large, the world? 接下來我們一起見證了中國更多的變化。我參與了北京申奧，出席了上海世博會。我看到中國擁抱世界，世界接納中國??但是有時候我在想，當(dāng)今的年輕人追求什么？他們是怎樣的不同？他們怎樣去改變未來的中國以至世界呢？

So today I want to talk about young people through the platform of social media.所以今天我想通過社交媒體的平臺說說我們的年起人First of all, who are they? [What] do they look like? 首先，她們是誰？他們是怎么樣的？Well this is a girl called Guo Meimei--20 years old, beautiful.She showed off her expensive bags, clothes and car on her microblog, which is the Chinese version of Twitter.And she claimed to be the general manager of Red Cross at the Chamber of Commerce.照片上的女孩叫郭美美 20歲，很漂亮.在她的微博上, 她炫耀了自己的名牌包, 衣服, 還有車 在她的微博上, 微博是中國版的Twitter.她還說自己是商會紅十字會在商會的 一名經(jīng)理。She didn't realize that she stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national questioning, almost a turmoil, against the credibility of Red Cross.她沒有意識到自己觸及到了民眾最敏感的神經(jīng)，引起了全國性的對紅十字的質(zhì)疑, 幾乎成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的一場騷亂.深深的打擊了中國紅十字會的公信力。The controversy was so heated that the Red Cross had to open a press conference to clarify it, and the investigation is going on.這場爭論愈演愈烈，紅十字不得不召開一場媒體招待會去澄清”郭美美事件,“ 該事件也因此被調(diào)查.So far, as of today, we know that she herself made up that title--probably because she feels proud to be associated with charity.直到今天, 我們知道了是她自己捏造了這個頭名，很可能她覺得和慈善機(jī)構(gòu)有聯(lián)系是一件很有面子的事情.All those expensive items were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend, who used to be a board member in a subdivision of Red Cross at Chamber of Commerce.所有這些名貴的物品其實都是她男朋友送給她的，而她的男朋友曾經(jīng)是紅十字會的一名執(zhí)行董事It's very complicated to explain.But anyway, the public still doesn't buy it.It is still boiling.It shows us a general mistrust of government or government-backed institutions, which lacked transparency in the past.這個解釋起來有點困難.但是無論如何，公眾始終都不買賬.事情還在.沸沸揚(yáng)揚(yáng)。它顯示了民眾對政府機(jī)構(gòu)或是政府所支持的機(jī)構(gòu)的不信任, And also it showed us the power and the impact of social media as microblog.而這些機(jī)構(gòu)在過去都不夠透明.這個事件也讓我們看到了以微博為代表社會媒體所產(chǎn)生的巨大能量和影響.Microblog boomed in the year of 2010, with visitors doubled and time spent on it tripled.微博在2010年興起,伴隨著訪問量的兩倍增長以及民眾瀏覽時間的三倍增長。Sina.com, a major news portal, alone has more than 140 million microbloggers.單是新浪網(wǎng), 一個主要的新聞網(wǎng)站, 就有超過1.4億的微博用戶.On Tencent, 200 million.The most popular blogger--it's not me--it's a movie star, and she has more than 9.5 million followers, or fans.騰訊擁有兩億用戶。（在中國）最有名的微博主——不是我——是一位電影明星，她擁有近九百五十萬”粉絲“。About 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people, under 30 years old.接近80％的微博用戶是 年輕人，三十歲以下。And because, as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government, social media offers an opening to let the steam out a little bit.But because you don't have many other openings, the heat coming out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent.大家都知道，因為傳統(tǒng)媒體還在政府的強(qiáng)力控制之下，社交媒體提供了一個開放的平臺進(jìn)行了一些（民眾觀點的）分流。因為這樣分流的渠道并不多，從這 個平臺上爆發(fā)出的聲音非常強(qiáng)，積極，甚至激烈。So through microblogging, we are able to understand Chinese youth even better.通過微博，我們可以更好的了解到中國的年輕一代。So how are they different? 他們是怎樣的不同。First of all, most of them were born in the 80s and 90s, under the one-child policy.首先，他們中的大多數(shù)都出生在八零九零年代，在獨生子女的生育政策的大背景下長大。And because of selected abortion by families who favored boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more young men than women.That could pose a potential danger to the society, but who knows;we're in a globalized world, so they can look for girlfriends from other countries.因為一直以來的重男輕女而產(chǎn)生的選擇性流產(chǎn)，現(xiàn)在（中國）的年輕男性的數(shù)量多過年輕女性三千萬，這可以對一個社會產(chǎn)生潛在的威脅），但是誰知道呢，我們在一個全球化的時代，他們可能可以去其他國家找女朋友Most of them have fairly good education.The illiteracy rate in China among this generation is under one percent.In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college.But they are facing an aging China with a population above 65 years old coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by the year of 2030.And you know we have the tradition that younger generations support the elders financially, and taking care of them when they're sick.So it means young couples will have to support four parents who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.大多數(shù)人都擁有良好的教育。這一代中國人中的文盲率已經(jīng)低于1％。在城市中，80％的孩子可以上大學(xué)，但他們將要面對的是一個，有接近7％的人口都是老年人的社會，這個數(shù)字在2030年會增長到15%。而且在中國，一直以來有贍養(yǎng)老人的傳統(tǒng)，這意味著，一對年輕的夫妻將需要去贍養(yǎng)四個平均希望壽命在73歲的老人。

So making a living is not that easy for young people.College graduates are not in short supply.In urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 U.S.dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500.所以對于年輕人而言，生活并不是容易。本科畢業(yè)生也不在是緊缺資源。在城市中，本科生的月起薪通常是400美元（2500人民幣），而公寓的平均月租金卻是500美元。So what do they do? They have to share space--squeezed in very limited space to save money--and they call themselves ”tribe of ants.“ And for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment.That ratio in America would only cost a couple five years to earn, but in China it's 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.所以他們的解決方式是合租——擠在有限的空間中以節(jié)省開支，他們叫自己”蟻族?！?對于那些準(zhǔn)備好結(jié)婚并希望購買一套公寓的中國年輕夫婦而言，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們必須要不間斷的工作30到40年才可以負(fù)擔(dān)得起一套公寓。對于同樣的美國年輕夫婦而言，他們只需要五年時間。

Among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people.They find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas.Most of them don't want to go back to the countryside, but they don't have the sense of belonging.在近兩億的涌入城市的農(nóng)民工中，他們中的60％都是年輕人。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被夾在了城市和農(nóng)村中，大多數(shù)人不愿意回到農(nóng)村，但他們在城市也找不到歸屬感。They work for longer hours with less income, less social welfare.And they're more vulnerable to job losses, subject to inflation, tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from Europe or America for the products they produce.他們工作更長的時間卻獲得更少的薪水和社會福利。他們也更容易面臨失業(yè)，受到通貨膨脹，銀行利率，人民幣升值的影響，甚至美國和歐盟對于中國制造產(chǎn)品的抵制也會影響到他們。Last year, though, an appalling incident in a southern OEM manufacturing compound in China: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease.But they died because of all different personal reasons.But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, of these migrant workers.去年，一個駭人的事件發(fā)生在中國的一個富士康工廠，十三20出頭的年輕的人連續(xù)自殺，一個接一個，像一場傳染病。他們輕生的原因各有不同，但是這件事震驚了整個社會，喚起人們對工人們心理生理的孤立關(guān)注。

For those who do return back to the countryside, they find themselves very welcome locally, because with the knowledge, skills and networks they have learned in the cities, 對于那些回到農(nóng)村的年輕人，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在家鄉(xiāng)很受歡迎，因為他們有知識技能和人際網(wǎng)，他們在城市學(xué)到了技能，with the assistance of the Internet, they're able to create more jobs, upgrade local agriculture and create new business in the less developed market.So for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found themselves in a shortage of labor.在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的幫助下，他們更有可能獲得工作，提升農(nóng)村的農(nóng)業(yè)水平和發(fā)展新的商業(yè)機(jī)會。在過去的一些年中，一些沿海的城鎮(zhèn)甚至出現(xiàn)了勞動力短缺。

These diagrams show a more general social background.The first one is the Engels coefficient, which explains that the cost of daily necessities has dropped its percentage all through the past decade, in terms of family income, to about 37-some percent.這些圖片展現(xiàn)出整體的社會背景。第一張圖片是恩格斯系數(shù)（食品支出占總消費(fèi)支出的比例），可以看到在過去的十年中，食物和生活必需品在家庭消費(fèi)中的比例有所下降（37％），But then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating a rising living cost.然后在過去的兩年中，這項指數(shù)上升到39％，說明近兩年中生活成本的攀升。The Gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4.Now it's 0.5--even worse than that in America--showing us the income inequality.基尼系數(shù)早已越過了危險的0.4，到達(dá)0.5——比美國還糟糕——體現(xiàn)出極大的貧富差距，所以我們才看到整個社會的失衡。And so you see this whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility.同時，我們也看到了整個社會對于它的缺乏靈活性感到沮喪，And also, the bitterness and even resentment towards the rich and the powerful is quite widespread.So any accusations of corruption or backdoor dealings between authorities or business would arouse a social outcry or even unrest.同時，“仇富仇官心理在廣泛蔓延，任何被發(fā)現(xiàn)的官商勾結(jié)都會引起社會的強(qiáng)烈反響甚至不穩(wěn)定。

So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about.通過最熱的微博，我們就可以看到年輕人在關(guān)注什么。Social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand.社會公正和政府的公信力是他們首要需求的For the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property.在過去的十年中，大量的城市化進(jìn)程讓我們見識了一系列的強(qiáng)拆事件，And it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young generation.Sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest.這引發(fā)了年輕一代的憤怒和不理解。有時候，被拆遷的住戶以自殺和自焚的方式來抗議（強(qiáng)制拆遷行為）。So when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the Internet, people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.當(dāng)這些事件越來越常在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上被揭露出來，人們呼吁政府去采取措施去防止這些悲劇。

So the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court.好消息是，今年早些時候，人民代表大會通過了一項關(guān)于房屋征用和拆遷的新法規(guī)，將征用和拆遷的權(quán)利從當(dāng)?shù)卣平坏搅朔ㄍ?。Similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the Internet.相同的，很多其他與公共安全相關(guān)的問題也在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上被熱烈討論。We heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food.And guess what, we have faked beef.They have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef.我們聽到有太多空氣污染，水污染，有毒食品的報道。你甚至都想不到，我們還有假牛肉。人們用一種特殊的材料加入雞肉和魚肉中，然后以牛肉的價格進(jìn)行出售。And then lately, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop.So all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the Internet.And fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.最近，人們對食用油也很擔(dān)憂，大量的餐館被發(fā)現(xiàn)在使用“地溝油“。所有這些事件引發(fā)了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上民眾觀點的大爆發(fā)。幸運(yùn)的是，我們看到了政府正在更積極和更及時的對這些民眾的質(zhì)疑給予回應(yīng)。

While young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes they're a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life.一方面，年輕人越來越積極的參與到公共事務(wù)中；另一方面，他們也在尋找或者說迷失與個人生活的價值和定位。China is soon to pass the U.S.as the number one market for luxury brands--that's not including the Chinese expenditures in Europe and elsewhere.But you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 U.S.dollars.中國很快就要超過美國，成為世界上第一大奢侈品消費(fèi)國——這還不包括中國人在國外的消費(fèi)。但你知道嗎，超過半數(shù)中國的奢侈品消費(fèi)者的（年）收入都低于兩千美元。They're not rich at all.They're taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status.And this is a girl explicitly saying on a TV dating show that she would rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bicycle.But of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle.他們其實并不富裕，他們用那些奢侈品牌的服裝和包體現(xiàn)身份和社會地位。這是一位在電視節(jié)目上公然表明，自己寧愿在寶馬車?yán)锟抟膊蛔谧孕熊嚭笮Φ哪贻p女孩。當(dāng)然，我們也有更多的年輕人不管是在寶馬還是在自行車上都能微笑。

So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called ”naked“ wedding, or ”naked" marriage.It does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love.在接下來的一個圖片中，你們能看到一種很流行的現(xiàn)象叫做“裸婚”，當(dāng)然不是什么都不穿的而結(jié)婚，它指的是年輕的情侶沒有房子，沒有車，沒有珠寶戒指，沒有結(jié)婚宴而結(jié)為夫婦去踐行他們對真愛的承諾。And also, people are doing good through social media.And the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs for food processing was spotted and stopped on the highway with the whole country watching through microblogging.但同時，人們也在通過社交媒體做一些善事。這副圖片里，一輛卡車滿載著將被進(jìn)行肉加工的500只無家可歸的狗，被停在了高速路上整個國家的人都在通過微博去關(guān)注它們。People were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck.And after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued.人們捐出了錢，狗糧，主動志愿去停下那輛，在幾個小時的談判后，那500只狗終于得救了。And here also people are helping to find missing children.A father posted his son's picture onto the Internet.After thousands of resends in relay, the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through microblogging.同時人們也幫助去尋找失蹤的孩子們，一個父親將兒子的照片貼上了網(wǎng)絡(luò)，數(shù)十萬人的關(guān)注下，孩子終于被找到了。我們在微博上見證了這家庭重逢的一幕。

So happiness is the most popular word we have heard through the past two years.Happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, it's about the environment.“幸福（感）”是近兩年中國的流行詞匯。幸福感不僅僅與個人體驗和價值觀相關(guān)，更多的，它與環(huán)境息息相關(guān)。People are thinking about the following questions: Are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher GDP? How are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? 人們在思考：我們是否要犧牲環(huán)境來提升GDP？我們要怎樣進(jìn)行社會和政治體制的改革來應(yīng)對經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，保持穩(wěn)定性和可持續(xù)性發(fā)展？ And also, how capable is the system of self-correctness to keep more people content with all sorts of friction going on at the same time? I guess these are the questions people are going to answer.And our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.同時，這個系統(tǒng)的自我修正能力是否足夠強(qiáng)大，是否能夠讓生活在其中的人民接受在前進(jìn)過程中的各種壓力和困難？我想這些都是中國人民需要回答的問題，而中國的年輕一代將在改變這個國家的過程中也改變自己。

Thank you very much.

第三篇：TED演講原文和翻譯~

< your body language shapes who you are >

So I want to start by offering you a free no-tech life hack, and all it requires of you is this: that you change your posture for two minutes.But before I give it away, I want to ask you to right now do a little audit of your body and what you're doing with your body.So how many of you are sort of making yourselves smaller? Maybe you're hunching, crossing your legs, maybe wrapping your ankles.Sometimes we hold onto our arms like this.Sometimes we spread out.(Laughter)I see you.(Laughter)So I want you to pay attention to what you're doing right now.We're going to come back to that in a few minutes, and I'm hoping that if you learn to tweak this a little bit, it could significantly change the way your life unfolds.0:58 So, we're really fascinated with body language, and we're particularly interested in other people's body language.You know, we're interested in, like, you know —(Laughter)— an awkward interaction, or a smile, or a contemptuous glance, or maybe a very awkward wink, or maybe even something like a handshake.1:22 Narrator: Here they are arriving at Number 10, and look at this lucky policeman gets to shake hands with the President of the United States.Oh, and here comes the Prime Minister of the — ? No.(Laughter)(Applause)(Laughter)(Applause)1:37 Amy Cuddy: So a handshake, or the lack of a handshake, can have us talking for weeks and weeks and weeks.Even the BBC and The New York Times.So obviously when we think about nonverbal behavior, or body language--but we call it nonverbals as social scientists--it's language, so we think about communication.When we think about communication, we think about interactions.So what is your body language communicating to me? What's mine communicating to you? 2:04 And there's a lot of reason to believe that this is a valid way to look at this.So social scientists have spent a lot of time looking at the effects of our body language, or other people's body language, on judgments.And we make sweeping judgments and inferences from body language.And those judgments can predict really meaningful life outcomes like who we hire or promote, who we ask out on a date.For example, Nalini Ambady, a researcher at Tufts University, shows that when people watch 30-second soundless clips of real physician-patient interactions, their judgments of the physician's niceness predict whether or not that physician will be sued.So it doesn't have to do so much with whether or not that physician was incompetent, but do we like that person and how they interacted? Even more dramatic, Alex Todorov at Princeton has shown us that judgments of political candidates' faces in just one second predict 70 percent of U.S.Senate and gubernatorial race outcomes, and even, let's go digital, emoticons used well in online negotiations can lead to you claim more value from that negotiation.If you use them poorly, bad idea.Right? So when we think of nonverbals, we think of how we judge others, how they judge us and what the outcomes are.We tend to forget, though, the other audience that's influenced by our nonverbals, and that's ourselves.3:31 We are also influenced by our nonverbals, our thoughts and our feelings and our physiology.So what nonverbals am I talking about? I'm a social psychologist.I study prejudice, and I teach at a competitive business school, so it was inevitable that I would become interested in power dynamics.I became especially interested in nonverbal expressions of power and dominance.3:56 And what are nonverbal expressions of power and dominance? Well, this is what they are.So in the animal kingdom, they are about expanding.So you make yourself big, you stretch out, you take up space, you're basically opening up.It's about opening up.And this is true across the animal kingdom.It's not just limited to primates.And humans do the same thing.(Laughter)So they do this both when they have power sort of chronically, and also when they're feeling powerful in the moment.And this one is especially interesting because it really shows us how universal and old these expressions of power are.This expression, which is known as pride, Jessica Tracy has studied.She shows that people who are born with sight and people who are congenitally blind do this when they win at a physical competition.So when they cross the finish line and they've won, it doesn't matter if they've never seen anyone do it.They do this.So the arms up in the V, the chin is slightly lifted.What do we do when we feel powerless? We do exactly the opposite.We close up.We wrap ourselves up.We make ourselves small.We don't want to bump into the person next to us.So again, both animals and humans do the same thing.And this is what happens when you put together high and low power.So what we tend to do when it comes to power is that we complement the other's nonverbals.So if someone is being really powerful with us, we tend to make ourselves smaller.We don't mirror them.We do the opposite of them.5:24 So I'm watching this behavior in the classroom, and what do I notice? I notice that MBA students really exhibit the full range of power nonverbals.So you have people who are like caricatures of alphas, really coming into the room, they get right into the middle of the room before class even starts, like they really want to occupy space.When they sit down, they're sort of spread out.They raise their hands like this.You have other people who are virtually collapsing when they come in.As soon they come in, you see it.You see it on their faces and their bodies, and they sit in their chair and they make themselves tiny, and they go like this when they raise their hand.I notice a couple of things about this.One, you're not going to be surprised.It seems to be related to gender.So women are much more likely to do this kind of thing than men.Women feel chronically less powerful than men, so this is not surprising.But the other thing I noticed is that it also seemed to be related to the extent to which the students were participating, and how well they were participating.And this is really important in the MBA classroom, because participation counts for half the grade.6:33 So business schools have been struggling with this gender grade gap.You get these equally qualified women and men coming in and then you get these differences in grades, and it seems to be partly attributable to participation.So I started to wonder, you know, okay, so you have these people coming in like this, and they're participating.Is it possible that we could get people to fake it and would it lead them to participate more? 6:57 So my main collaborator Dana Carney, who's at Berkeley, and I really wanted to know, can you fake it till you make it? Like, can you do this just for a little while and actually experience a behavioral outcome that makes you seem more powerful? So we know that our nonverbals govern how other people think and feel about us.There's a lot of evidence.But our question really was, do our nonverbals govern how we think and feel about ourselves? 7:24 There's some evidence that they do.So, for example, we smile when we feel happy, but also, when we're forced to smile by holding a pen in our teeth like this, it makes us feel happy.So it goes both ways.When it comes to power, it also goes both ways.So when you feel powerful, you're more likely to do this, but it's also possible that when you pretend to be powerful, you are more likely to actually feel powerful.7:57 So the second question really was, you know, so we know that our minds change our bodies, but is it also true that our bodies change our minds? And when I say minds, in the case of the powerful, what am I talking about? So I'm talking about thoughts and feelings and the sort of physiological things that make up our thoughts and feelings, and in my case, that's hormones.I look at hormones.So what do the minds of the powerful versus the powerless look like? So powerful people tend to be, not surprisingly, more assertive and more confident, more optimistic.They actually feel that they're going to win even at games of chance.They also tend to be able to think more abstractly.So there are a lot of differences.They take more risks.There are a lot of differences between powerful and powerless people.Physiologically, there also are differences on two key hormones: testosterone, which is the dominance hormone, and cortisol, which is the stress hormone.So what we find is that high-power alpha males in primate hierarchies have high testosterone and low cortisol, and powerful and effective leaders also have high testosterone and low cortisol.So what does that mean? When you think about power, people tended to think only about testosterone, because that was about dominance.But really, power is also about how you react to stress.So do you want the high-power leader that's dominant, high on testosterone, but really stress reactive? Probably not, right? You want the person who's powerful and assertive and dominant, but not very stress reactive, the person who's laid back.9:37 So we know that in primate hierarchies, if an alpha needs to take over, if an individual needs to take over an alpha role sort of suddenly, within a few days, that individual's testosterone has gone up significantly and his cortisol has dropped significantly.So we have this evidence, both that the body can shape the mind, at least at the facial level, and also that role changes can shape the mind.So what happens, okay, you take a role change, what happens if you do that at a really minimal level, like this tiny manipulation, this tiny intervention? “For two minutes,” you say, “I want you to stand like this, and it's going to make you feel more powerful.” 10:19 So this is what we did.We decided to bring people into the lab and run a little experiment, and these people adopted, for two minutes, either high-power poses or low-power poses, and I'm just going to show you five of the poses, although they took on only two.So here's one.A couple more.This one has been dubbed the “Wonder Woman” by the media.Here are a couple more.So you can be standing or you can be sitting.And here are the low-power poses.So you're folding up, you're making yourself small.This one is very low-power.When you're touching your neck, you're really protecting yourself.So this is what happens.They come in, they spit into a vial, we for two minutes say, “You need to do this or this.” They don't look at pictures of the poses.We don't want to prime them with a concept of power.We want them to be feeling power, right? So two minutes they do this.We then ask them, “How powerful do you feel?” on a series of items, and then we give them an opportunity to gamble, and then we take another saliva sample.That's it.That's the whole experiment.11:28 So this is what we find.Risk tolerance, which is the gambling, what we find is that when you're in the high-power pose condition, 86 percent of you will gamble.When you're in the low-power pose condition, only 60 percent, and that's a pretty whopping significant difference.Here's what we find on testosterone.From their baseline when they come in, high-power people experience about a 20-percent increase, and low-power people experience about a 10-percent decrease.So again, two minutes, and you get these changes.Here's what you get on cortisol.High-power people experience about a 25-percent decrease, and the low-power people experience about a 15-percent increase.So two minutes lead to these hormonal changes that configure your brain to basically be either assertive, confident and comfortable, or really stress-reactive, and, you know, feeling sort of shut down.And we've all had the feeling, right? So it seems that our nonverbals do govern how we think and feel about ourselves, so it's not just others, but it's also ourselves.Also, our bodies change our minds.12:36 But the next question, of course, is can power posing for a few minutes really change your life in meaningful ways? So this is in the lab.It's this little task, you know, it's just a couple of minutes.Where can you actually apply this? Which we cared about, of course.And so we think it's really, what matters, I mean, where you want to use this is evaluative situations like social threat situations.Where are you being evaluated, either by your friends? Like for teenagers it's at the lunchroom table.It could be, you know, for some people it's speaking at a school board meeting.It might be giving a pitch or giving a talk like this or doing a job interview.We decided that the one that most people could relate to because most people had been through was the job interview.13:20 So we published these findings, and the media are all over it, and they say, Okay, so this is what you do when you go in for the job interview, right?(Laughter)You know, so we were of course horrified, and said, Oh my God, no, no, no, that's not what we meant at all.For numerous reasons, no, no, no, don't do that.Again, this is not about you talking to other people.It's you talking to yourself.What do you do before you go into a job interview? You do this.Right? You're sitting down.You're looking at your iPhone--or your Android, not trying to leave anyone out.You are, you know, you're looking at your notes, you're hunching up, making yourself small, when really what you should be doing maybe is this, like, in the bathroom, right? Do that.Find two minutes.So that's what we want to test.Okay? So we bring people into a lab, and they do either high-or low-power poses again, they go through a very stressful job interview.It's five minutes long.They are being recorded.They're being judged also, and the judges are trained to give no nonverbal feedback, so they look like this.Like, imagine this is the person interviewing you.So for five minutes, nothing, and this is worse than being heckled.People hate this.It's what Marianne LaFrance calls “standing in social quicksand.” So this really spikes your cortisol.So this is the job interview we put them through, because we really wanted to see what happened.We then have these coders look at these tapes, four of them.They're blind to the hypothesis.They're blind to the conditions.They have no idea who's been posing in what pose, and they end up looking at these sets of tapes, and they say, “Oh, we want to hire these people,”--all the high-power posers--“we don't want to hire these people.We also evaluate these people much more positively overall.” But what's driving it? It's not about the content of the speech.It's about the presence that they're bringing to the speech.We also, because we rate them on all these variables related to competence, like, how well-structured is the speech? How good is it? What are their qualifications? No effect on those things.This is what's affected.These kinds of things.People are bringing their true selves, basically.They're bringing themselves.They bring their ideas, but as themselves, with no, you know, residue over them.So this is what's driving the effect, or mediating the effect.15:35 So when I tell people about this, that our bodies change our minds and our minds can change our behavior, and our behavior can change our outcomes, they say to me, “I don't--It feels fake.” Right? So I said, fake it till you make it.I don't--It's not me.I don't want to get there and then still feel like a fraud.I don't want to feel like an impostor.I don't want to get there only to feel like I'm not supposed to be here.And that really resonated with me, because I want to tell you a little story about being an impostor and feeling like I'm not supposed to be here.16:06 When I was 19, I was in a really bad car accident.I was thrown out of a car, rolled several times.I was thrown from the car.And I woke up in a head injury rehab ward, and I had been withdrawn from college, and I learned that my I.Q.had dropped by two standard deviations, which was very traumatic.I knew my I.Q.because I had identified with being smart, and I had been called gifted as a child.So I'm taken out of college, I keep trying to go back.They say, “You're not going to finish college.Just, you know, there are other things for you to do, but that's not going to work out for you.” So I really struggled with this, and I have to say, having your identity taken from you, your core identity, and for me it was being smart, having that taken from you, there's nothing that leaves you feeling more powerless than that.So I felt entirely powerless.I worked and worked and worked, and I got lucky, and worked, and got lucky, and worked.17:01 Eventually I graduated from college.It took me four years longer than my peers, and I convinced someone, my angel advisor, Susan Fiske, to take me on, and so I ended up at Princeton, and I was like, I am not supposed to be here.I am an impostor.And the night before my first-year talk, and the first-year talk at Princeton is a 20-minute talk to 20 people.That's it.I was so afraid of being found out the next day that I called her and said, “I'm quitting.” She was like, “You are not quitting, because I took a gamble on you, and you're staying.You're going to stay, and this is what you're going to do.You are going to fake it.You're going to do every talk that you ever get asked to do.You're just going to do it and do it and do it, even if you're terrified and just paralyzed and having an out-of-body experience, until you have this moment where you say, 'Oh my gosh, I'm doing it.Like, I have become this.I am actually doing this.'” So that's what I did.Five years in grad school, a few years, you know, I'm at Northwestern, I moved to Harvard, I'm at Harvard, I'm not really thinking about it anymore, but for a long time I had been thinking, “Not supposed to be here.Not supposed to be here.” 18:07 So at the end of my first year at Harvard, a student who had not talked in class the entire semester, who I had said, “Look, you've gotta participate or else you're going to fail,” came into my office.I really didn't know her at all.And she said, she came in totally defeated, and she said, “I'm not supposed to be here.” And that was the moment for me.Because two things happened.One was that I realized, oh my gosh, I don't feel like that anymore.You know.I don't feel that anymore, but she does, and I get that feeling.And the second was, she is supposed to be here!Like, she can fake it, she can become it.So I was like, “Yes, you are!You are supposed to be here!And tomorrow you're going to fake it, you're going to make yourself powerful, and, you know, you're gonna — ”(Applause)(Applause)“And you're going to go into the classroom, and you are going to give the best comment ever.” You know? And she gave the best comment ever, and people turned around and they were like, oh my God, I didn't even notice her sitting there, you know?(Laughter)19:13 She comes back to me months later, and I realized that she had not just faked it till she made it, she had actually faked it till she became it.So she had changed.And so I want to say to you, don't fake it till you make it.Fake it till you become it.You know? It's not — Do it enough until you actually become it and internalize.19:33 The last thing I'm going to leave you with is this.Tiny tweaks can lead to big changes.So this is two minutes.Two minutes, two minutes, two minutes.Before you go into the next stressful evaluative situation, for two minutes, try doing this, in the elevator, in a bathroom stall, at your desk behind closed doors.That's what you want to do.Configure your brain to cope the best in that situation.Get your testosterone up.Get your cortisol down.Don't leave that situation feeling like, oh, I didn't show them who I am.Leave that situation feeling like, oh, I really feel like I got to say who I am and show who I am.20:09 So I want to ask you first, you know, both to try power posing, and also I want to ask you to share the science, because this is simple.I don't have ego involved in this.(Laughter)Give it away.Share it with people, because the people who can use it the most are the ones with no resources and no technology and no status and no power.Give it to them because they can do it in private.They need their bodies, privacy and two minutes, and it can significantly change the outcomes of their life.Thank you.(Applause)(Applause)

中文翻譯：

首先我想要提供給你們一個免費(fèi)的 非科技的人生竅門 你只需這樣做 改變你的姿勢二分鐘時間 但在我要把它告訴你們之前，我想要請你們 就你們的身體和你們身體的行為做一下自我審查 那么你們之中有多少人正蜷縮著自己? 或許你現(xiàn)在弓著背，還翹著二郎腿? 或者雙臂交叉 有時候我們像這樣抱住自己 有時候展開雙臂(笑聲)我看到你了(笑聲)現(xiàn)在請大家專心在自己的身上 我們等一下就會回溯剛剛的事 希望你們可以稍微改變一下 這會讓你的生活變得很不一樣 0:58 所以，我們很真的很執(zhí)著于肢體語言 特別是對別人的肢體語言 感興趣 你看，我們對(笑聲)尷尬的互動，或一個微笑 或輕蔑的一瞥，或奇怪的眨眼 甚至是握手之類的事情感興趣 1:22 解說員:他們來到了唐寧街10號，看看這個 這位幸運(yùn)的警員可以和美國總統(tǒng)握手 噢，還有 來自....的總理?不(笑聲)(掌聲)(笑聲)(掌聲)1:37 Amy Cuddy:所以一個握手，或沒有握手 我們都可以大聊特聊一番 即使BBC和紐約時報也不例外 我們說到肢體行為或肢體語言時 我們將之歸納為社會科學(xué) 它就是一種語言，所以我們會想到溝通 當(dāng)我們想到溝通，我們就想到互動 所以你現(xiàn)在的身體語言正在告訴我什么? 我的身體又是在向你傳達(dá)什么? 2:04 有很多理由讓我們相信這些是有效的 社會科學(xué)家花了很多時間 求證肢體語言的效果 或其它人的身體語言在判斷方面的效應(yīng) 而我們環(huán)視身體語言中的訊息做決定和推論 這些結(jié)論可以預(yù)測生活中很有意義的結(jié)果 像是我們雇用誰或給誰升職，邀請誰出去約會 舉例而言，Tufts大學(xué)的研究員，Nalini Ambady表示 人們觀賞一部醫(yī)生和患者互動的 30秒無聲影片 他們對該醫(yī)生的和善觀感 可用來預(yù)測該復(fù)健師是否會被告上法庭 跟這個醫(yī)生能否勝任工作沒有太大關(guān)系 重點是我們喜不喜歡他 和他們是如何與人互動的? 進(jìn)一步來說，普林斯頓的Alex Todorov 表示 我們對政治人物臉部的喜好判斷 大概可用來對美國參議院和美國州長的 競選結(jié)果做70%的預(yù)測 甚至就網(wǎng)絡(luò)上 在線聊天時使用的表情符號 可以幫助你從交談中得到更多信息 所以你千萬別弄巧成拙，對吧? 當(dāng)我們提起肢體語言，我們就想到我們?nèi)绾握摂鄤e人 別人如何論斷我們以及后果會是什么 我們往往忘記這點，受到肢體動作所影響的那群觀眾 就是我們自己 3:31 我們也往往受自己的肢體動作，想法 感覺和心理所影響 所以究竟我說的是怎樣的非語言? 我是一位社會心理學(xué)家，我研究偏見 我在一所極具競爭力的商業(yè)學(xué)院上課 因此無可避免地對權(quán)力動力學(xué)感到著迷 特別是在非語言表達(dá) 對權(quán)力和支配的領(lǐng)域 3:56 權(quán)力和支配的非語言表達(dá)究竟是什么? 嗯，讓我細(xì)細(xì)道來 在動物王國里，它們和擴(kuò)張有關(guān) 所以你盡可能的讓自己變大，你向外伸展 占滿空間，基本上就是展開 關(guān)于展開，我說真的 透視動物世界，這不僅局限于靈長類 人類也干同樣的事(笑聲)不論是他們長期掌權(quán)或是在某個時間點感到權(quán)力高漲 他們都這么做 特別有趣的原因是 它讓我們明白權(quán)力的展現(xiàn)從來是如此地一致，不管古今世界 這種展現(xiàn)，被認(rèn)為是一種榮耀 Jessica Tracy研究表示 視力良好無礙 和先天視障的人 在贏得比賽時都做了同樣的事 當(dāng)他們跨過終點線贏得比賽之際 無論能否看的見 他們都做這樣的動作 雙臂呈V字型朝上，下巴微微抬起 那我們感到無助的時候呢?我們的行為正相反 我們封閉起來。我們把自己蜷起來 讓自己變得小一點，最好別碰到別人 這再一次證明，人類和動物都做同樣的事 這就是當(dāng)你有力量和沒力量時的行為 所以當(dāng)力量來臨時 我們會迎合別人的非語言 若有人之于我們相對權(quán)重時 我們傾向把自己變得較小，不會模仿他們 我們做和他們正相反的事情 5:24 當(dāng)我在課堂上觀察這么現(xiàn)象時 你猜我發(fā)現(xiàn)什么?我發(fā)現(xiàn)MBA的學(xué)生 真的很會就充分利用肢體語言 你會看到有些人像是統(tǒng)治者 走進(jìn)房間，課程開始之前一屁股坐在正中間 好像他們真的很想占據(jù)整個教室似的 當(dāng)他們坐下的時候，身體會展開 像這樣舉手 有些人則不然 他們一走進(jìn)來你就會發(fā)現(xiàn) 從他們的臉和身體你會發(fā)現(xiàn) 他們坐在椅子上的時候把自己變得很萎靡 然后舉手的時候是這種姿勢 我觀察到很多事情 其中一件，不令人驚訝 就是跟性別差異有關(guān) 女人比男人更容易出現(xiàn)這種狀況 女人一般比較容易比男人感到無力 這并不太令人意外。然而我發(fā)現(xiàn)的另一件事是 這似乎也跟 學(xué)生參與的程度高低有關(guān) 就MBA的課來說這真的非常重要 因為課堂參與程度要占成績的一半 6:33 所以商學(xué)院一直以來都為此傷腦筋 入學(xué)的時候男生女生是不分軒輊的 可是成績出來卻有這些性別差異 而看起來卻有一部分原因和參與度有關(guān) 所以我開始思索，好吧 這群人一開始進(jìn)來是這樣，他們參與其中 那有沒有可能讓大家來假裝 讓他們更加參與進(jìn)來? 6:57 我在Berkeley的主要合作研究伙伴，Dana Carney 我很想知道，你能假裝直到你成功嗎？ 譬如說，只做一下下然后就體驗到一個 讓你感到更加充滿力量的結(jié)果 所以得知非語言如何掌控他人 對我們的想法和感受。有很多證據(jù)可以證明 但我們的問題是，我們非語言的部分 是否真的掌控我們對自己的想法和感受? 7:24 這里確實有些證據(jù)可以表明 舉例來說，當(dāng)我們高興的時候我們會笑 但同樣地，當(dāng)我們含著一只筆練習(xí)笑容的時候 我們也會感到開心 這說明這是相互的。說到力量的時候 亦是如此。所以當(dāng)我們感到充滿力量的時候 你更加可能會這樣做，但你也可能 假裝自己很有力量 然后真的感到力量強(qiáng)大 7:57 那第二個問題就是，你看 我們知道心理狀態(tài)會影響我們的身體 那身體是否能影響心理呢? 這里所說的心理充滿力量 究竟指的是什么? 我指的是想法和感覺 和可以組成我們想法和感受的實際事物 我這里是指荷爾蒙。我指的是這個 充滿力量和沒有力量的心智 是什么樣的呢? 毫不令人意外，心理堅強(qiáng)的人往往 比較果斷，自信，且樂觀 就連在賭注里也覺得他們會贏 他們也傾向于能夠抽象地思考 所以這其中有很大區(qū)別。他們更敢于冒險 充滿力量與否的心智二者存有許多不同 生理上兩個關(guān)鍵的賀爾蒙 睪丸酮，是一種支配荷爾蒙 可的松，是一種壓力荷爾蒙 我們發(fā)現(xiàn) 靈長類的雄性首領(lǐng) 有高濃度的睪丸酮和低濃度的可的松 相同情形也在 強(qiáng)而有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人身上可見 這表示什么? 當(dāng)你想到力量 人們往往只想到睪丸酮 因為它代表支配統(tǒng)治 但力量其實是在于你如何應(yīng)對壓力 所以你會想要一個 有著很高濃度的睪丸酮但同時又高度緊張的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)嗎? 大概不會是吧?你會希望那個人 是充滿力量，肯定果斷且知道如何支配 但不是非常緊張，或是懶洋洋的 9:37 靈長類動物的金字塔里 如果一個首領(lǐng)想要掌控這個種群 或取代原先的首領(lǐng) 幾天之內(nèi)，那一方體內(nèi)的睪丸酮會大大地上升 而其可的松會劇烈地下降 身體影響心理之例，由此可見一斑 至少就表面而言是如此 同時角色的轉(zhuǎn)換也會影響心智 所以，如果你改變角色 就一個小改變 像這樣一個小小的操作，這樣一個小小的干預(yù)? “持續(xù)兩分鐘”你說，“我要你們這樣站著，它會讓你感到更加充滿力量” 10:19 我們是這樣做的 我們決定將人們帶進(jìn)實驗室，做一個小實驗 這些人將維持有力或無力的姿勢兩分鐘 然后我就會告訴你 這五種姿勢，雖然他們只做了兩種 這是其一 看看這些 這個被媒體取名為 “神力女超人” 還有這些 或站或坐 這些是無力的姿勢 你雙手交叉，試著讓自己變小一點 這是非常無力的一張 當(dāng)你在摸你的脖子 你其實在保護(hù)自己 實際的狀況是，他們進(jìn)來 取出唾液 維持一個姿勢達(dá)兩分鐘 他們不會看到姿勢的照片，因為我們不想要影響他們 我們希望他們自己感覺到力量 不是嗎?所以他們做了整整兩分鐘 我們關(guān)于一些事物問:“現(xiàn)在你覺得自己多有力量?” 受試者接著會有一個博奕的機(jī)會 接著再取得唾液范本 這就是整個實驗 11:28 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)到風(fēng)險承擔(dān)能力，也就是在賭博時，當(dāng)處于強(qiáng)有力的姿勢的時 86%的人會選擇賭博 相對處于一個較無力的姿勢時 只有60%的人，這真是很令人驚訝的差異 就睪丸酮而言我們發(fā)現(xiàn) 這些人進(jìn)來的那一刻起，有力量的那些人 會有20%的提高 無力的人則下降10% 所以，再次地，當(dāng)你有這些改變 有力的人 可的松下降25%，而無力的人可的松則上升15% 二分鐘可以讓這些荷爾蒙改變 使你的腦袋變得 果斷，自信和自在 或高度緊張以及感到與世隔絕 我們都曾有過這些體驗對嗎? 看來非語言確實掌控 我們對自己的想法和感受 不只是別人，更是我們自己 同時，我們的身體可以改變我們的心理 12:36 但下一個問題，當(dāng)然，就是 維持?jǐn)?shù)分鐘的姿勢 是否真能引導(dǎo)一個更有意義的人生呢? 剛剛都只是在實驗室哩，一個小實驗，你知道的 只有幾分鐘。你要怎么實現(xiàn)這一切呢? 落實在我們關(guān)心的地方呢? 我們關(guān)心的其實是，我是說 你在那里可以用這些技巧去評估時勢 像是社交威脅的情形。譬如說你被人打量時? 或者是青少年吃午餐的時候 你知道，對有些人來說就好像在開 學(xué)校的董事會。有時候是一個小演講 有時是像這種講演 或是工作面試時 我們后來決定用一個最多人能做比較的 因為大部分人都曾經(jīng) 面試工作過 13:20 我們將這些發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)表出來，接著媒體就大量曝光 說，好，所以你去面試時，你得這樣做，對吧?(笑聲)我們當(dāng)然大吃一驚，表示 我的天啊，不不不，我們不是這個意思 不管什么原因，不不，千萬別這么做 這和你跟別人交談無關(guān) 這是你在和你自己交談 你在面試工作之前會怎么做?你會這樣 對吧?你會做下來，你盯著自己的愛瘋 或者安卓，轉(zhuǎn)移自己的視線 你看著自己的筆記 你把自己蜷縮起來，試著讓自己變得小一點 你真正需要做的應(yīng)該是 找個浴室，然后這樣，花個兩分鐘 所以我們想做是這個 把人帶進(jìn)實驗室 他們再次保持有力或無力姿勢 接著進(jìn)行一個高度壓力的面試 為時五分鐘。所有都會被記錄下來 同時也會被評論，而這些考官都接受過訓(xùn)練 不會給予任何非語言的反饋 所以他們看起來就像這樣，像圖上所示 想象一下，這個人正在面試你 整整五分鐘，什么都沒有，這比刁難詰問更難受 大家都不喜歡這種方式。這就是 Marianne LaFrance 所謂的 “陷入社交流沙中” 這可以大大激發(fā)你的可的松 我們給予受試者這樣的面試 因為我們真的想看看會有什么樣的結(jié)果 接著我們得出下列四種結(jié)果 受試者不知假設(shè)前提和狀況下 沒有人知道誰擺什么樣的姿勢 接著他們觀看這些帶子 然后他們說，“噢，我們想要錄用這些人”--那些擺強(qiáng)有力姿勢的人--“這些人我們不想錄用” 我們也評量這群人整體而言更正面 但背后的原因是什么?這跟演講的內(nèi)容無關(guān) 而是他們在演講中帶出來的存在感 同時，我們也就這些關(guān)于能力之變動因素評價他們 像是演講的整體架構(gòu)怎樣? 它有多棒?講員的證照學(xué)歷? 這些全都無關(guān)。有影響的是 這些事?；旧先藗儽磉_(dá)真實的自己 就他們自己 他們的想法，當(dāng)他們心里 沒有芥蒂 這就是被后真實的力量，或者可以說是計劃的結(jié)果 15:35 所以當(dāng)我告訴人們 我們的身體會改變心理，心理會改變行為 而行為會改變結(jié)果，他們跟我說 “我不這么覺得--聽起來好像是假的” 對嗎? 我就說，你就假裝一直到你達(dá)成目的為止。不是我啦 我不想要到達(dá)到那個目標(biāo)后仍然感覺像是一個騙局 我不想要成為一個騙子 我一點也不想達(dá)到那個目標(biāo)才發(fā)覺我不應(yīng)該如此 我真是有感而發(fā)的 這里跟大家分享一個小故事 關(guān)于成為一個騙子然后感到不應(yīng)該在這里的故事 16:06 在我19歲的時候，發(fā)生了一場很嚴(yán)重的車禍 我整個人飛出車外，滾了好幾翻 我是彈出車外的，之后在休息室醒來以后發(fā)現(xiàn)頭部重傷 我從大學(xué)里休學(xué) 別人告知我智商下降了2個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 情況非常非常糟糕 我知道我的智商應(yīng)該是多少，因為我以前被人家認(rèn)為是很聰明的那種 小時候大家都覺得我很有才華 當(dāng)我離開大學(xué)時，我試著回去 他們說都告訴我說，“你沒有辦法畢業(yè)的。你知道，你還可以做很多其它的事阿，別往死胡同里鉆了。” 我死命掙扎，我必須承認(rèn) 當(dāng)你的認(rèn)同感被剝奪的時候，那個主要的身分認(rèn)同 就我而言是我的智力被奪走了 再沒有比這個更加無助的時候了 我感到完全的無助，我拼命地瘋狂地努力 幸運(yùn)眷顧，努力，幸運(yùn)眷顧，再努力。17:01 最終我從學(xué)校畢業(yè)了。我比同儕多花了四年的時間 然后說服我的恩師，Susan Fiske 讓我進(jìn)去，所以我最后進(jìn)入了普林斯頓 我當(dāng)時覺得，我不應(yīng)該在這里 我是個騙子 在我第一年演講的那個晚上，普林斯頓第一年的演講 大約是對20個人做20分鐘的演講。就這樣 我當(dāng)時如此害怕隔天被拆穿 所以我打給她說，“我不干了。” 她說:“你不可以不干，因為我賭在你身上了，你得留下。你會留下，你將會留下來了。你要騙過所有人。你被要求的每個演講你都得照辦 你得一直講一直講 即使你怕死了，腳癱了 靈魂出竅了，直到你發(fā)現(xiàn)你在說 ”噢，我的天啊，我正在做這件事 我已經(jīng)成為它的一部分了，我正在做它?！?這就是說所做的，碩士的五年 這些年，我在Northwestern 我后來去了哈佛，我在哈佛，我沒有在想到它 但之前有很長一段時間我都在想這件事 ”不應(yīng)該在這。不應(yīng)該在這?！?18:07 所以哈佛第一年結(jié)束 我對整個學(xué)期在課堂上都沒有說話的一個學(xué)生說: 你得參與融入否則你不會過這一科的 來我的辦公室吧。其實我壓根就不認(rèn)識她。她說:她很挫敗地進(jìn)來了，她說 ”我不應(yīng)該在這里的。“ 就在此刻，兩件事發(fā)生了 我突然明白 天啊，我再也沒有這種感覺了。你知道嗎。我再也不會有那種感覺，但她有，我能體會到她的感受。第二個想法是，她應(yīng)該在這里!她可以假裝，一直到她成功為止。所以我跟她說，”你當(dāng)然應(yīng)該!你應(yīng)該在這里!“ 明天起你就假裝 你要讓自己充滿力量，你要知道 你將會---”(掌聲)(掌聲)“你要走進(jìn)教室 你會發(fā)表最棒的評論。” 你知道嗎?她就真的發(fā)表了最成功的評論 大家都回過神來，他們就好像 喔我的天啊，我竟沒有注意到她坐在那里，你知道嗎?(笑聲)19:13 幾個月后她來找我，我才明白 她不僅只是假裝到她成功為止 她已經(jīng)融會貫通了 整個人脫胎換骨 我想對大家說，不要僅為了成功而假裝 要把它溶到你骨子里去。知道嗎? 持續(xù)地做直到它內(nèi)化到你的骨髓里 19:33 最后與大家分享的是 小小的調(diào)整可以有大大的改變 就二分鐘 二分鐘，二分鐘，二分鐘 在你進(jìn)行下一場緊張的評估之前 拿出二分鐘，嘗試做這個，電梯里 浴室間，房門關(guān)起在你的桌子前面 你就這么做，設(shè)置你的腦袋 以發(fā)揮最大效益 提升你的睪丸銅，降低你的可的松 千萬別留下，噢，我沒把最好的表現(xiàn)出來那種遺憾 而是留下，噢，我真想 讓他們知道，讓他們看見，我是個怎樣的人 20:09 在這里我想要求大家，你知道的 嘗試這有力的姿勢 同時也想請求各位 把這項科學(xué)分享出去，因為它很簡單 我可不是自尊心的問題喔(笑聲)放開它。和人分享 因為最經(jīng)?？梢允褂盟娜藭悄切?沒有資源和技術(shù)的一群人 沒有社會地位和權(quán)勢。把這個傳達(dá)給他們 好讓他們可以私下這樣做 他們會需要他們的身體，隱私和那二分鐘 然后這會大大地改變他們生活的結(jié)果 謝謝(掌聲)(掌聲)

《how great leader inspire action》

How do you explain when things don't go as we assume? Or better, how do you explain when others are able to achieve things that seem to defy all of the assumptions? For example: Why is Apple so innovative? Year after year, after year, after year, they're more innovative than all their competition.And yet, they're just a computer company.They're just like everyone else.They have the same access to the same talent, the same agencies, the same consultants, the same media.Then why is it that they seem to have something different? Why is it that Martin Luther King led the Civil Rights Movement? He wasn't the only man who suffered in a pre-civil rights America, and he certainly wasn't the only great orator of the day.Why him? And why is it that the Wright brothers were able to figure out controlled, powered man flight when there were certainly other teams who were better qualified, better funded...and they didn't achieve powered man flight, and the Wright brothers beat them to it.There's something else at play here.1:17 About three and a half years ago I made a discovery.And this discovery profoundly changed my view on how I thought the world worked, and it even profoundly changed the way in which I operate in it.As it turns out, there's a pattern.As it turns out, all the great and inspiring leaders and organizations in the world--whether it's Apple or Martin Luther King or the Wright brothers--they all think, act and communicate the exact same way.And it's the complete opposite to everyone else.All I did was codify it, and it's probably the world's simplest idea.I call it the golden circle.2:07 Why? How? What? This little idea explains why some organizations and some leaders are able to inspire where others aren't.Let me define the terms really quickly.Every single person, every single organization on the planet knows what they do, 100 percent.Some know how they do it, whether you call it your differentiated value proposition or your proprietary process or your USP.But very, very few people or organizations know why they do what they do.And by “why” I don't mean “to make a profit.” That's a result.It's always a result.By “why,” I mean: What's your purpose? What's your cause? What's your belief? Why does your organization exist? Why do you get out of bed in the morning? And why should anyone care? Well, as a result, the way we think, the way we act, the way we communicate is from the outside in.It's obvious.We go from the clearest thing to the fuzziest thing.But the inspired leaders and the inspired organizations--regardless of their size, regardless of their industry--all think, act and communicate from the inside out.3:13 Let me give you an example.I use Apple because they're easy to understand and everybody gets it.If Apple were like everyone else, a marketing message from them might sound like this: “We make great computers.They're beautifully designed, simple to use and user friendly.Want to buy one?” “Meh.” And that's how most of us communicate.That's how most marketing is done, that's how most sales is done and that's how most of us communicate interpersonally.We say what we do, we say how we're different or how we're better and we expect some sort of a behavior, a purchase, a vote, something like that.Here's our new law firm: We have the best lawyers with the biggest clients, we always perform for our clients who do business with us.Here's our new car: It gets great gas mileage, it has leather seats, buy our car.But it's uninspiring.4:00 Here's how Apple actually communicates.“Everything we do, we believe in challenging the status quo.We believe in thinking differently.The way we challenge the status quo is by making our products beautifully designed, simple to use and user friendly.We just happen to make great computers.Want to buy one?” Totally different right? You're ready to buy a computer from me.All I did was reverse the order of the information.What it proves to us is that people don't buy what you do;people buy why you do it.People don't buy what you do;they buy why you do it.4:36 This explains why every single person in this room is perfectly comfortable buying a computer from Apple.But we're also perfectly comfortable buying an MP3 player from Apple, or a phone from Apple, or a DVR from Apple.But, as I said before, Apple's just a computer company.There's nothing that distinguishes them structurally from any of their competitors.Their competitors are all equally qualified to make all of these products.In fact, they tried.A few years ago, Gateway came out with flat screen TVs.They're eminently qualified to make flat screen TVs.They've been making flat screen monitors for years.Nobody bought one.Dell came out with MP3 players and PDAs, and they make great quality products, and they can make perfectly well-designed products--and nobody bought one.In fact, talking about it now, we can't even imagine buying an MP3 player from Dell.Why would you buy an MP3 player from a computer company? But we do it every day.People don't buy what you do;they buy why you do it.The goal is not to do business with everybody who needs what you have.The goal is to do business with people who believe what you believe.Here's the best part: 5:49 None of what I'm telling you is my opinion.It's all grounded in the tenets of biology.Not psychology, biology.If you look at a cross-section of the human brain, looking from the top down, what you see is the human brain is actually broken into three major components that correlate perfectly with the golden circle.Our newest brain, our Homo sapien brain, our neocortex, corresponds with the “what” level.The neocortex is responsible for all of our rational and analytical thought and language.The middle two sections make up our limbic brains, and our limbic brains are responsible for all of our feelings, like trust and loyalty.It's also responsible for all human behavior, all decision-making, and it has no capacity for language.6:35 In other words, when we communicate from the outside in, yes, people can understand vast amounts of complicated information like features and benefits and facts and figures.It just doesn't drive behavior.When we can communicate from the inside out, we're talking directly to the part of the brain that controls behavior, and then we allow people to rationalize it with the tangible things we say and do.This is where gut decisions come from.You know, sometimes you can give somebody all the facts and figures, and they say, “I know what all the facts and details say, but it just doesn't feel right.” Why would we use that verb, it doesn't “feel” right? Because the part of the brain that controls decision-making doesn't control language.And the best we can muster up is, “I don't know.It just doesn't feel right.” Or sometimes you say you're leading with your heart, or you're leading with your soul.Well, I hate to break it to you, those aren't other body parts controlling your behavior.It's all happening here in your limbic brain, the part of the brain that controls decision-making and not language.7:29 But if you don't know why you do what you do, and people respond to why you do what you do, then how will you ever get people to vote for you, or buy something from you, or, more importantly, be loyal and want to be a part of what it is that you do.Again, the goal is not just to sell to people who need what you have;the goal is to sell to people who believe what you believe.The goal is not just to hire people who need a job;it's to hire people who believe what you believe.I always say that, you know, if you hire people just because they can do a job, they'll work for your money, but if you hire people who believe what you believe, they'll work for you with blood and sweat and tears.And nowhere else is there a better example of this than with the Wright brothers.8:14 Most people don't know about Samuel Pierpont Langley.And back in the early 20th century, the pursuit of powered man flight was like the dot com of the day.Everybody was trying it.And Samuel Pierpont Langley had, what we assume, to be the recipe for success.I mean, even now, you ask people, “Why did your product or why did your company fail?” and people always give you the same permutation of the same three things: under-capitalized, the wrong people, bad market conditions.It's always the same three things, so let's explore that.Samuel Pierpont Langley was given 50,000 dollars by the War Department to figure out this flying machine.Money was no problem.He held a seat at Harvard and worked at the Smithsonian and was extremely well-connected;he knew all the big minds of the day.He hired the best minds money could find and the market conditions were fantastic.The New York Times followed him around everywhere, and everyone was rooting for Langley.Then how come we've never heard of Samuel Pierpont Langley? 9:15 A few hundred miles away in Dayton Ohio, Orville and Wilbur Wright, they had none of what we consider to be the recipe for success.They had no money;they paid for their dream with the proceeds from their bicycle shop;not a single person on the Wright brothers' team had a college education, not even Orville or Wilbur;and The New York Times followed them around nowhere.The difference was, Orville and Wilbur were driven by a cause, by a purpose, by a belief.They believed that if they could figure out this flying machine, it'll change the course of the world.Samuel Pierpont Langley was different.He wanted to be rich, and he wanted to be famous.He was in pursuit of the result.He was in pursuit of the riches.And lo and behold, look what happened.The people who believed in the Wright brothers' dream worked with them with blood and sweat and tears.The others just worked for the paycheck.And they tell stories of how every time the Wright brothers went out, they would have to take five sets of parts, because that's how many times they would crash before they came in for supper.10:20 And, eventually, on December 17th, 1903, the Wright brothers took flight, and no one was there to even experience it.We found out about it a few days later.And further proof that Langley was motivated by the wrong thing: The day the Wright brothers took flight, he quit.He could have said, “That's an amazing discovery, guys, and I will improve upon your technology,” but he didn't.He wasn't first, he didn't get rich, he didn't get famous so he quit.10:50 People don't buy what you do;they buy why you do it.And if you talk about what you believe, you will attract those who believe what you believe.But why is it important to attract those who believe what you believe? Something called the law of diffusion of innovation, and if you don't know the law, you definitely know the terminology.The first two and a half percent of our population are our innovators.The next 13 and a half percent of our population are our early adopters.The next 34 percent are your early majority, your late majority and your laggards.The only reason these people buy touch tone phones is because you can't buy rotary phones anymore.11:28(Laughter)11:30 We all sit at various places at various times on this scale, but what the law of diffusion of innovation tells us is that if you want mass-market success or mass-market acceptance of an idea, you cannot have it until you achieve this tipping point between 15 and 18 percent market penetration, and then the system tips.And I love asking businesses, “What's your conversion on new business?” And they love to tell you, “Oh, it's about 10 percent,” proudly.Well, you can trip over 10 percent of the customers.We all have about 10 percent who just “get it.” That's how we describe them, right? That's like that gut feeling, “Oh, they just get it.” The problem is: How do you find the ones that get it before you're doing business with them versus the ones who don't get it? So it's this here, this little gap that you have to close, as Jeffrey Moore calls it, “Crossing the Chasm”--because, you see, the early majority will not try something until someone else has tried it first.And these guys, the innovators and the early adopters, they're comfortable making those gut decisions.They're more comfortable making those intuitive decisions that are driven by what they believe about the world and not just what product is available.12:38 These are the people who stood in line for six hours to buy an iPhone when they first came out, when you could have just walked into the store the next week and bought one off the shelf.These are the people who spent 40,000 dollars on flat screen TVs when they first came out, even though the technology was substandard.And, by the way, they didn't do it because the technology was so great;they did it for themselves.It's because they wanted to be first.People don't buy what you do;they buy why you do it and what you do simply proves what you believe.In fact, people will do the things that prove what they believe.The reason that person bought the iPhone in the first six hours, stood in line for six hours, was because of what they believed about the world, and how they wanted everybody to see them: They were first.People don't buy what you do;they buy why you do it.13:27 So let me give you a famous example, a famous failure and a famous success of the law of diffusion of innovation.First, the famous failure.It's a commercial example.As we said before, a second ago, the recipe for success is money and the right people and the right market conditions, right? You should have success then.Look at TiVo.From the time TiVo came out about eight or nine years ago to this current day, they are the single highest-quality product on the market, hands down, there is no dispute.They were extremely well-funded.Market conditions were fantastic.I mean, we use TiVo as verb.I TiVo stuff on my piece of junk Time Warner DVR all the time.14:08 But TiVo's a commercial failure.They've never made money.And when they went IPO, their stock was at about 30 or 40 dollars and then plummeted, and it's never traded above 10.In fact, I don't think it's even traded above six, except for a couple of little spikes.Because you see, when TiVo launched their product they told us all what they had.They said, “We have a product that pauses live TV, skips commercials, rewinds live TV and memorizes your viewing habits without you even asking.” And the cynical majority said, “We don't believe you.We don't need it.We don't like it.You're scaring us.” What if they had said, “If you're the kind of person who likes to have total control over every aspect of your life, boy, do we have a product for you.It pauses live TV, skips commercials, memorizes your viewing habits, etc., etc.” People don't buy what you do;they buy why you do it, and what you do simply serves as the proof of what you believe.15:11 Now let me give you a successful example of the law of diffusion of innovation.In the summer of 1963, 250,000 people showed up on the mall in Washington to hear Dr.King speak.They sent out no invitations, and there was no website to check the date.How do you do that? Well, Dr.King wasn't the only man in America who was a great orator.He wasn't the only man in America who suffered in a pre-civil rights America.In fact, some of his ideas were bad.But he had a gift.He didn't go around telling people what needed to change in America.He went around and told people what he believed.“I believe, I believe, I believe,” he told people.And people who believed what he believed took his cause, and they made it their own, and they told people.And some of those people created structures to get the word out to even more people.And lo and behold, 250,000 people showed up on the right day at the right time to hear him speak.16:16 How many of them showed up for him? Zero.They showed up for themselves.It's what they believed about America that got them to travel in a bus for eight hours to stand in the sun in Washington in the middle of August.It's what they believed, and it wasn't about black versus white: 25 percent of the audience was white.Dr.King believed that there are two types of laws in this world: those that are made by a higher authority and those that are made by man.And not until all the laws that are made by man are consistent with the laws that are made by the higher authority will we live in a just world.It just so happened that the Civil Rights Movement was the perfect thing to help him bring his cause to life.We followed, not for him, but for ourselves.And, by the way, he gave the “I have a dream” speech, not the “I have a plan” speech.17:07(Laughter)17:11 Listen to politicians now, with their comprehensive 12-point plans.They're not inspiring anybody.Because there are leaders and there are those who lead.Leaders hold a position of power or authority, but those who lead inspire us.Whether they're individuals or organizations, we follow those who lead, not because we have to, but because we want to.We follow those who lead, not for them, but for ourselves.And it's those who start with “why” that have the ability to inspire those around them or find others who inspire them.17:51 Thank you very much.17:53(Applause)

當(dāng)事情的發(fā)展出乎意料之外的時候，你怎么解釋？ 換句話說，當(dāng)別人似乎出乎意料地 取得成功的時候，你怎么解釋？ 比如說，為什么蘋果公司創(chuàng)新能力這么強(qiáng)？ 這么多年來，年復(fù)一年，他們比所有競爭對手都更加具有創(chuàng)新性。而其實他們只是一家電腦公司。他們跟其他公司沒有任何分別，有同樣的途徑，接觸到同樣的人才，同樣的代理商，顧問，和媒體。那為什么他們 就似乎有那么一點不同尋常呢？ 同樣的，為什么是由馬丁?路德?金 來領(lǐng)導(dǎo)民權(quán)運(yùn)動？ 那個時候在美國，民權(quán)運(yùn)動之前，不僅僅只有他一個人飽受歧視。他也決不是那個時代唯一的偉大演說家。為什么會是他？ 又為什么懷特兄弟 能夠造出動力控制的載人飛機(jī)，跟他們相比，當(dāng)時的其他團(tuán)隊似乎 更有能力，更有資金，他們卻沒能制造出載人飛機(jī)，懷特兄弟打敗了他們。一定還有一些什么別的因素在起作用。1:17 大概三年半之前，我有了個新發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個發(fā)現(xiàn)完全改變了 我對這個世界如何運(yùn)作的看法。甚至從根本上改變了 我的工作生活方式。那就是我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種模式，我發(fā)現(xiàn)世界上所有偉大的令人振奮的領(lǐng)袖 和組織，無論是蘋果公司、馬丁?路德?金還是懷特兄弟，他們思考、行動、交流溝通的方式 都完全一樣，但是跟所有其他人的方式 完全相反。我所做的僅僅是把它整理出來。這可能是世上 最簡單的概念。我稱它為黃金圓環(huán)。2:07 為什么？怎么做？是什么？ 這小小的模型就解釋了 為什么一些組織和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者 能夠在別人不能的地方激發(fā)出靈感和潛力。我來盡快地解釋一下這些術(shù)語。地球上的每個人，每個組織 都明白自己做的是什么，百分之百。其中一些知道該怎么做，你可以稱之為是你的差異價值，或是你的獨特工藝，或是你的獨特賣點也好，怎么說都行。但是非常，非常少的人和組織 明白為什么做。這里的“為什么”和“為利潤” 沒有關(guān)系，利潤只是一個結(jié)果，永遠(yuǎn)只能是一個結(jié)果。我說的“為什么” 指的是：你的目的是什么？ 你這樣做的原因是什么？你懷著什么樣的信念？ 你的機(jī)構(gòu)為什么而存在？ 你每天早上是為什么而起床？ 為什么別人要在乎你？ 結(jié)果是，我們思考的方式，行動的方式，交流的方式都是由外向內(nèi)的。很顯然的，我們所采用的方式是從清晰開始，然后到模糊的東西。但是激勵型領(lǐng)袖以及 組織機(jī)構(gòu)，無論他們的規(guī)模大小，所在領(lǐng)域，他們思考，行動和交流的方式 都是從里向外的。3:13 舉個例子吧。我舉蘋果公司是因為這個例子簡單易懂，每個人都能理解。如果蘋果公司跟其他公司一樣，他們的市場營銷信息就會是這個樣子： “我們做最棒的電腦，設(shè)計精美，使用簡單，界面友好。你想買一臺嗎？” 不怎么樣吧。這就是我們大多數(shù)人的交流方式，也是大多數(shù)市場推廣的方式，大部分銷售所采用的方式，也是我們大部分人互相交流的方式。我們說我們的職業(yè)是干什么的，我們說我們是如何的與眾不同，或者我們怎么比其他人更好，然后我們就期待著一些別人的反應(yīng)，比如購買，比如投票，諸如此類。這是我們新開的的律師事務(wù)所，我們擁有最棒的律師和最大的客戶，我們總是能滿足客戶的要求。這是我們的新車型，非常省油，真皮座椅。買一輛吧。但是這些推銷詞一點勁都沒有。4:00 這是蘋果公司實際上的溝通方式： “我們做的每一件事情，都是為了突破和創(chuàng)新。我們堅信應(yīng)該以不同的方式思考。我們挑戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)狀的方式 是通過把我們的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計得十分精美，使用簡單，和界面友好。我們只是在這個過程中做出了最棒的電腦。想買一臺嗎？” 感覺完全不一樣，對吧？你已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備從我這里買一臺了。我所做的只是將傳遞信息的順序顛倒一下而已。事實已經(jīng)向我們證明，人們買的不是你做的產(chǎn)品，人們買的是你的信念和宗旨。人們買的不是你做的產(chǎn)品，人們買的是你的信念。4:36 這就解釋了為什么 這里的每個人 從蘋果公司買電腦時都覺得理所當(dāng)然。但是我們從蘋果公司 買MP3播放器，手機(jī)，或者數(shù)碼攝像機(jī)時，也感覺很舒服。而其實，我剛才已經(jīng)說過，蘋果公司只是個電腦公司。沒有什么能從結(jié)構(gòu)上將蘋果公司 同競爭對手區(qū)分開來。競爭對手和蘋果公司有同樣的能力制造所有這些產(chǎn)品。實際上，他們也嘗試過。幾年前，捷威（Gateway）公司推出了平板電視。他們制造平板電視的能力很強(qiáng)，因為他們做平板顯示器已經(jīng)很多年了。但是沒有人買他們的平板電視。戴爾公司推出了MP3播放器和掌上電腦，他們產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量非常好，產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計也非常不錯。但是也沒有人買他們的這些產(chǎn)品。其實，說到這里，我們無法想象 會從戴爾公司買MP3播放器。你為什么會從一家電腦公司買MP3播放器呢？ 但是每天我們都這么做。人們買的不是你做的產(chǎn)品，人們買的是你的信念。做公司的目標(biāo)不是要跟 所有需要你的產(chǎn)品的人做生意，而是跟 與你有著相同理念的人做生意。這是最精彩的部分。5:49 我說的這些沒有一個是我自己的觀點。這些觀點都能從生物學(xué)里面找到根源。不是心理學(xué)，是生物學(xué)。當(dāng)你俯視看大腦的橫截面，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)人類大腦實際上分成 三個主要部分，而這三個主要部分和黃金圓環(huán)匹配得非常好。我們最新的腦部，管轄智力的腦部，或者說我們的大腦皮層，對應(yīng)著“是什么” 這個圓環(huán)。大腦皮層負(fù)責(zé)我們所有的 理性和邏輯的思考 和語言功能。中間的兩個部分是我們的兩個邊腦。邊腦負(fù)責(zé)我們所有的情感，比如信任和忠誠，也負(fù)責(zé)所有的行為 和決策，但這部分沒有語言功能。6:35 換句話說，當(dāng)我們由外向內(nèi)交流時，沒錯，人們可以理解大量的復(fù)雜信息，比如特征，優(yōu)點，事實和圖表。但不足以激發(fā)行動。當(dāng)我們由內(nèi)向外交流時，我們是在直接同控制行為的 那一部分大腦對話，然后我們由人們理性地思考 我們所說和做的事情。這就是那些發(fā)自內(nèi)心的決定的來源。你知道，有時候你展示給一些人 所有的數(shù)據(jù)圖表，他們會說“我知道這些數(shù)據(jù)和圖表是什么意思，但就是感覺不對。” 為什么我們會用這個動詞，“感覺” 不對？ 因為控制決策的那一部分大腦 并不支配語言，我們只好說 “我不知道為什么，就是感覺不對?！?或者有些時候，你說聽從心的召喚，或者說聽從靈魂。我不想把這些觀念分解得太徹底，但心和靈魂都不是 控制行為的部分。所有這一切都發(fā)生在你的邊腦，控制決策行為而非語言的邊腦。7:29 如果你自己都不知道你為什么干你所做的事情，而別人要對你的動機(jī)作出反應(yīng)，那么你怎么可能贏得大家 對你的支持，從你這里購買東西，或者，更重要的，對你忠誠 并且想成為你正在做的事情的一分子呢？ 再說一次，目標(biāo)不僅僅是將你有的東西賣給需要它們的人； 而是將東西賣給跟你有共同信念的人。目標(biāo)不僅僅是雇傭那些 需要一份工作的人； 目標(biāo)是雇傭那些同你有共同信念的人。你知道嗎，我總是說，如果你雇傭某人只是因為他能做這份工作，他們就只是為你開的工資而工作，但是如果你雇傭跟你有共同信念的人，他們會為你付出熱血，汗水和淚水。這一點，沒有比懷特兄弟的故事 更恰當(dāng)?shù)睦恿恕?:14 大多數(shù)人都沒聽說過塞繆爾·蘭利這個人。20世紀(jì)初期，投入機(jī)動飛行器的熱情就像當(dāng)今的網(wǎng)站熱，每個人都在做嘗試。塞繆爾·蘭利擁有所有大家認(rèn)為是 成功的要素。我的意思是，即便是現(xiàn)在，你問別人 “為什么你的產(chǎn)品或者公司失敗了呢？” 人們總是用同樣的 三個東西以同樣的排列順序來回答你，缺乏資金，用人不善，形勢不好?？偸悄侨N理由，所以讓我們來逐個分析一下。國防部給了塞繆爾·蘭利 5萬美金 作為研制飛行器的資金。所以說，資金不是問題。他在哈佛大學(xué)工作過，也在史密森尼學(xué)會工作過，人脈極其廣泛。他認(rèn)識當(dāng)時最優(yōu)秀的人才。因此，他雇傭了 用資金能吸引到的最優(yōu)秀的人才。當(dāng)時的市場形勢相當(dāng)有利。紐約時報對他做跟蹤報道，每個人都支持他。但是為什么你們連聽都沒聽說過他呢？ 9:15 與此同時，幾百公里之外的俄亥俄州代頓市 有一對兄弟，奧維爾?萊特和維爾伯?萊特，他們倆沒有任何我們認(rèn)為的 成功的要素。他們沒有錢。他們用自行車店的收入來追求他們的夢想。萊特兄弟的團(tuán)隊中沒有一個人 上過大學(xué)，就連奧維爾和維爾伯也沒有。紐約時報更是不沾邊的。不同的是，奧維爾和維爾伯追求的是一個事業(yè)，一個目標(biāo)，一種信念。他們相信如果他們 能研制出飛行器，將會改變?nèi)澜绲陌l(fā)展進(jìn)程。塞繆爾·蘭利就不同了，他想要發(fā)財，他想要成名。他追求的是最終結(jié)果，是變得富有。看吧，看接下來怎么樣了。那些懷有和懷特兄弟一樣夢想的人 跟他們一起熱血朝天地奮斗著。另一邊的人則是為了工資而工作。后來流傳的故事說，每次懷特兄弟出去實驗時，都必須帶著五組零件，因為那是在他們回來吃晚飯之前 將要墜毀的次數(shù)。10:20 最后，在1903年12月17日，懷特兄弟成功起飛，但是當(dāng)時沒有任何其他人在場目睹。我們是在幾天后才知道的。后來的事情進(jìn)一步證實了 蘭利動機(jī)不純，他在懷特兄弟成功的當(dāng)天就辭職了。他本來應(yīng)該可以說： “伙計們，這真是一項偉大的發(fā)明，我可以改進(jìn)你們的技術(shù)。” 但是他沒有，因為他不是第一個制造出飛機(jī)的人，他就不會變得富有，他也不會變得有名，所以他辭職了。10:50 人們買的不是你的產(chǎn)品；而是你的信念。如果你講述你的信念，你將吸引那些跟你擁有同樣信念的人。但是為什么吸引那些跟你擁有同樣信念的人非常重要呢？ 創(chuàng)新的傳播有一個規(guī)律，如果你不知道這個規(guī)律，你一定了解這個概念。我們的社會中，有2.5%的人 是革新者。13.5%的人 是早期的少部分采納者。接下來的34%是早期接受的大多數(shù)，然后是比較晚接受的大多數(shù)和最后行動的。這部分最后行動的人買按鍵電話的唯一原因是 因為他們再也買不到轉(zhuǎn)盤電話了。11:28（笑聲）11:30 雖然我們在不同的時候會處在這個曲線上不同的位置，但是創(chuàng)新的傳播規(guī)律告訴我們 如果你想在大眾市場上 獲得成功，或者要大眾接納一個點子，你得等到 獲得15%-18%的市場接受度 這個轉(zhuǎn)折點之后才行。那時之后市場才真正打開。我喜歡問公司：“你的新生意怎么樣呀？” 他們會很自豪地告訴你 “哦，大概有10%吧。” 是呀，你有可能就在10%的顧客群這里過不去了。我們都能讓10%的人“意會”，對，我們一般這樣形容他們。就好比描述那種感覺： “哦，他們有點心領(lǐng)神會了”。問題是：你怎么在他們還沒有成為你的顧客之前 就發(fā)現(xiàn)那些能意會的人，和那些不能意會的人？ 這就是問題的所在，就是這點間隙，你得把這個間隙給填上，正如杰弗里穆爾所說的，“跨越鴻溝”。因為早期的大多數(shù) 不會嘗試新事物，除非有些人 已經(jīng)先嘗試過了。而這些人，創(chuàng)新者和早期的少數(shù)人，他們喜歡大膽的嘗試。他們更自然地憑直覺做事情，發(fā)自于他們的世界觀的直覺，而不僅僅是因為市場上有什么樣的產(chǎn)品。12:38 這是一批在 iPhone上市的頭幾天 去排隊等六個小時來購買的人，而其實只要等一個星期你就可以隨便走進(jìn)店里 從貨架上買到。這是一批在平板電視剛推出時 會花4萬美金買一臺的人，盡管當(dāng)時的技術(shù)還不成熟。補(bǔ)充說一下，他們并不是因為技術(shù)的先進(jìn) 而買那些產(chǎn)品，而是為了他們自己。因為他們想成為第一個體驗新產(chǎn)品的人。人們買的不是你的產(chǎn)品；人們買的是你的信念。你的行動只是證明了 你的信念。實際上，人們會去做能夠體現(xiàn) 他們的信念的事情。那些為了搶先 在頭六個小時內(nèi)買到iPhone 而 排六個小時的隊的人，是出于他們的世界觀，出于他們想別人怎么看自己。他們是第一批體驗者。人們買的不是你的產(chǎn)品；他們買的是你的信念。13:27 我再舉些著名的例子吧，證實創(chuàng)新傳播規(guī)律的一個失敗的例子 和一個成功的例子。首先我們講這個失敗的例子。還是商業(yè)上的。就如我們一秒鐘前剛剛說過的，成功的要素是充足的資金，優(yōu)秀的人才和良好的市場形勢。那么，是不是如果有這些你就應(yīng)該獲得成功?？纯吹傥郑═iVo）數(shù)字視頻公司吧。自從推出蒂沃機(jī)頂盒以來，大概是八、九年前，直到今天，它們一直是市場上唯一的最高品質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品，這沒有任何異議。它們絕對是資金充足，市場形勢也大好。其實，“蒂沃” 都變成了一個日常用的動詞。比如：我經(jīng)常把東西蒂沃到我那臺華納數(shù)碼視頻錄像機(jī)里面。14:08 但是蒂沃是個商業(yè)上的失敗案例，他們沒有賺到一分錢。他們上市時，股票價格大約在30到40美元，然后就直線下跌，而成交價格從沒超過10美元。實際上，我印象中它的交易價格從來沒有超過 6美元，除了幾次小的震蕩之外。因為你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，蒂沃公司新推出他們的產(chǎn)品時，他們只是告訴我們他們產(chǎn)品是什么，他們說 “我們的產(chǎn)品可以把電視節(jié)目暫停，跳過廣告，回放電視節(jié)目，還能記住你的觀看習(xí)慣，你甚至都不用刻意設(shè)置它?！?挑剔的人們說： “我們不相信你，我們不需要這樣的東西，我們也不喜歡這樣的東西。你在唬人?！?假如他們這么說： “如果你 想掌控 生活的方方面面，朋友，那么就試試我們的產(chǎn)品吧。它可以暫停直播節(jié)目，跳過廣告，回放直播節(jié)目，還能記下你的觀看習(xí)慣，等等。人們買的不是你的產(chǎn)品；人們買的是你的信念。你所做的僅僅只是 你的信念的證明而已。15:11 下面我給大家介紹一個 成功的例子。1963年的夏天，25萬人 聚集在華盛頓特區(qū) 聆聽馬丁?路德?金博士的演講。那時，既沒有發(fā)請?zhí)矝]有可能在網(wǎng)上查看日期。怎么會有 25萬人參加呢？ 而且，金博士不是美國唯一 的偉大演說家，也不是美國唯一一位在民權(quán)法案實施前 遭受歧視的人。實際上，他的一些想法甚至不正確。但是他有個天賦。他沒有到處宣揚(yáng)美國需要改變什么方面，他只是到處告訴別人他所相信的?！拔蚁嘈?。我相信。我相信?！?他總是這么跟別人說。而那些和他懷有同樣信念的人 受了他的啟發(fā)，他們也開始 將自己的信念告訴別人。有些人建立起一些組織機(jī)構(gòu) 將這些話傳給更多的人。你看，就這樣，25萬人 在那天，那個時候，聚集在一起聽他演講。16:16 有多少人是為了聽 “他” 演說而去的呢？ 沒有人。他們是為了他們自己而去的。那是他們對于美國的信念 支持著他們坐 8個小時的公車，站在華盛頓八月中旬的烈日下。是他們所相信的信念，而不是黑人跟白人之間的斗爭。25%的聽眾是白人。金博士相信 世界上有兩種律法，一種是上天制定的，一種是世人制定的。直到世人制定的法律 和上天制定的律法相符合，我們才真正生活在公正的世界里。民權(quán)運(yùn)動只是碰巧 幫他將信念 付諸于現(xiàn)實的一件事情。我們跟隨他，不是為了他，而是為了我們自己。順便說一下，他的演講是 “我有一個夢想”，而不是 “我有一個方案”。17:07（笑聲）17:11 聽聽現(xiàn)在的政治家們提出的 12點的大雜燴計劃，沒一點勁。一些人是當(dāng)官的，而另一些人是領(lǐng)袖。當(dāng)官的只是占據(jù)在有權(quán)力 和威嚴(yán)的位置上，但是只有具有領(lǐng)袖素質(zhì)的人才能激勵我們。無論他們是個人還是組織，我們都追隨領(lǐng)袖，不是因為我們必須這樣做，而是因為我們愿意。我們跟隨具有領(lǐng)袖能力的人，不是為他們，而是為我們自己。也只有那些從 “為什么”這個圓圈出發(fā)的人 才有能力 激勵周圍的人，或者找到能夠激勵他們的人。17:51（非常謝謝大家）17:53（鼓掌）

《10 things you didn’t know about orgasm》

Alright.I'm going to show you a couple of images from a very diverting paper in The Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine.I'm going to go way out on a limb and say that it is the most diverting paper ever published in The Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine.The title is “Observations of In-Utero Masturbation.”(Laughter)Okay.Now on the left you can see the hand--that's the big arrow--and the penis on the right.The hand hovering.And over here we have, in the words of radiologist Israel Meisner, “The hand grasping the penis in a fashion resembling masturbation movements.” Bear in mind this was an ultrasound, so it would have been moving images.1:01 Orgasm is a reflex of the autonomic nervous system.Now this is the part of the nervous system that deals with the things that we don't consciously control, like digestion, heart rate and sexual arousal.And the orgasm reflex can be triggered by a surprisingly broad range of input.Genital stimulation.Duh.But also Kinsey interviewed a woman who could be brought to orgasm by having someone stroke her eyebrow.People with spinal cord injuries, like paraplegias, quadriplegias, will often develop a very, very sensitive area right above the level of their injury, wherever that is.There is such a thing as a knee orgasm in the literature.1:44 I think the most curious one that I came across was a case report of a woman who had an orgasm every time she brushed her teeth.(Laughter)This was something in the complex sensory-motor action of brushing her teeth was triggering orgasm.And she went to a neurologist who was fascinated.He checked to see if it was something in the toothpaste, but no--it happened with any brand.They stimulated her gums with a toothpick, to see if that was doing it.No.It was the whole, you know, motion.And the amazing thing to me is that now you would think this woman would like have excellent oral hygiene.(Laughter)Sadly she--this is what it said in the journal paper--“She believed that she was possessed by demons and switched to mouthwash for her oral care.” It's so sad.2:44(Laughter)2:45 I interviewed, when I was working on the book, I interviewed a woman who can think herself to orgasm.She was part of a study at Rutgers University.You gotta love that.Rutgers.So I interviewed her in Oakland, in a sushi restaurant.And I said, “So, could you do it right here?” And she said, “Yeah, but you know I'd rather finish my meal if you don't mind.”(Laughter)But afterwards she was kind enough to demonstrate on a bench outside.It was remarkable.It took about one minute.And I said to her, “Are you just doing this all the time?”(Laughter)She said, “No.Honestly when I get home I'm usually too tired.”(Laughter)She said that the last time she had done it was on the Disneyland tram.3:36(Laughter)3:38 The headquarters for orgasm, along the spinal nerve, is something called the sacral nerve root, which is back here.And if you trigger, if you stimulate with an electrode, the precise spot, you will trigger an orgasm.And it is a fact that you can trigger spinal reflexes in dead people--a certain kind of dead person, a beating-heart cadaver.Now this is somebody who is brain-dead, legally dead, definitely checked out, but is being kept alive on a respirator, so that their organs will be oxygenated for transplantation.Now in one of these brain-dead people, if you trigger the right spot, you will see something every now and then.There is a reflex called the Lazarus reflex.And this is--I'll demonstrate as best I can, not being dead.It's like this.You trigger the spot.The dead guy, or gal, goes...like that.Very unsettling for people working in pathology labs.4:39(Laughter)4:40 Now if you can trigger the Lazarus reflex in a dead person, why not the orgasm reflex? I asked this question to a brain death expert, Stephanie Mann, who was foolish enough to return my emails.(Laughter)I said, “So, could you conceivably trigger an orgasm in a dead person?” She said, “Yes, if the sacral nerve is being oxygenated, you conceivably could.” Obviously it wouldn't be as much fun for the person.But it would be an orgasm--(Laughter)nonetheless.I actually suggested to--there is a researcher at the University of Alabama who does orgasm research.I said to her, “You should do an experiment.You know? You can get cadavers if you work at a university.” I said, “You should actually do this.” She said, “You get the human subjects review board approval for this one.” 5:31(Laughter)5:33 According to 1930s marriage manual author, Theodoor van de Velde, a slight seminal odor can be detected on the breath of a woman within about an hour after sexual intercourse.Theodoor van de Velde was something of a semen connoisseur.(Laughter)This is a guy writing a book, “Ideal Marriage,” you know.Very heavy hetero guy.But he wrote in this book, “Ideal Marriage”--he said that he could differentiate between the semen of a young man, which he said had a fresh, exhilarating smell, and the semen of mature men, whose semen smelled quote, “Remarkably like that of the flowers of the Spanish chestnut.Sometimes quite freshly floral, and then again sometimes extremely pungent.” 6:18(Laughter)6:23 Okay.In 1999, in the state of Israel, a man began hiccupping.And this was one of those cases that went on and on.He tried everything his friends suggested.Nothing seemed to help.Days went by.At a certain point, the man, still hiccupping, had sex with his wife.And lo and behold, the hiccups went away.He told his doctor, who published a case report in a Canadian medical journal under the title, “Sexual Intercourse as a Potential Treatment for Intractable Hiccups.” I love this article because at a certain point they suggested that unattached hiccuppers could try masturbation.(Laughter)I love that because there is like a whole demographic: unattached hiccuppers.(Laughter)Married, single, unattached hiccupper.7:15 In the 1900s, early 1900s gynecologists, a lot of gynecologists believed that when a woman has an orgasm the contractions serve to suck the semen up through the cervix and sort of deliver it really quickly to the egg, thereby upping the odds of conception.It was called the “upsuck” theory.(Laughter)If you go all the way back to Hippocrates, physicians believed that orgasm in women was not just helpful for conception, but necessary.Doctors back then were routinely telling men the importance of pleasuring their wives.Marriage-manual author and semen-sniffer Theodoor van de Velde--(Laughter)has a line in his book.I loved this guy.I got a lot of mileage out of Theodoor van de Velde.He had this line in his book that supposedly comes from the Habsburg Monarchy, where there was an empress Maria Theresa, who was having trouble conceiving.And apparently the royal court physician said to her, “I am of the opinion that the vulva of your most sacred majesty be titillated for some time prior to intercourse.”(Laughter)It's apparently, I don't know, on the record somewhere.8:33 Masters and Johnson: now we're moving forward to the 1950s.Masters and Johnson were upsuck skeptics, which is also really fun to say.They didn't buy it.And they decided, being Masters and Johnson, that they would get to the bottom of it.They brought women into the lab--I think it was five women--and outfitted them with cervical caps containing artificial semen.And in the artificial semen was a radio-opaque substance, such that it would show up on an X-ray.This is the 1950s.Anyway these women sat in front of an X-ray device.And they masturbated.And Masters and Johnson looked to see if the semen was being sucked up.Did not find any evidence of upsuck.You may be wondering, “How do you make artificial semen?”(Laughter)I have an answer for you.I have two answers.You can use flour and water, or cornstarch and water.I actually found three separate recipes in the literature.(Laughter)My favorite being the one that says--you know, they have the ingredients listed, and then in a recipe it will say, for example, “Yield: two dozen cupcakes.” This one said, “Yield: one ejaculate.” 9:49(Laughter)9:52 There's another way that orgasm might boost fertility.This one involves men.Sperm that sit around in the body for a week or more start to develop abnormalities that make them less effective at head-banging their way into the egg.British sexologist Roy Levin has speculated that this is perhaps why men evolved to be such enthusiastic and frequent masturbators.He said, “If I keep tossing myself off I get fresh sperm being made.” Which I thought was an interesting idea, theory.So now you have an evolutionary excuse.10:23(Laughter)10:27 Okay.10:30(Laughter)10:32 Alrighty.There is considerable evidence for upsuck in the animal kingdom--pigs, for instance.In Denmark, the Danish National Committee for Pig Production found out that if you sexually stimulate a sow while you artificially inseminate her, you will see a six-percent increase in the farrowing rate, which is the number of piglets produced.So they came up with this plan, this five-point stimulation plan for the sows.And they had the farmers--there is posters they put in the barn, and they have a DVD.And I got a copy of this DVD.(Laughter)This is my unveiling, because I am going to show you a clip.11:12(Laughter)11:14 So uh, okay.Now here we go in to the--la la la, off to work.It all looks very innocent.He's going to be doing things with his hands that the boar would use his snout, lacking hands.Okay.(Laughter)This is it.The boar has a very odd courtship repertoire.(Laughter)This is to mimic the weight of the boar.(Laughter)You should know, the clitoris of the pig, inside the vagina.So this may be sort of titillating for her.Here we go.(Laughter)And the happy result.(Applause)I love this video.There is a point in this video, towards the beginning where they zoom in for a close up of his hand with his wedding ring, as if to say, “It's okay, it's just his job.He really does like women.” 12:28(Laughter)12:32 Okay.Now I said--when I was in Denmark, my host was named Anne Marie.And I said, “So why don't you just stimulate the clitoris of the pig? Why don't you have the farmers do that? That's not one of your five steps.” She said--I have to read you what she said, because I love it.She said, “It was a big hurdle just to get farmers to touch underneath the vulva.So we thought, let's not mention the clitoris right now.”(Laughter)Shy but ambitious pig farmers, however, can purchase a--this is true--a sow vibrator, that hangs on the sperm feeder tube to vibrate.Because, as I mentioned, the clitoris is inside the vagina.So possibly, you know, a little more arousing than it looks.And I also said to her, “Now these sows.I mean, you may have noticed there, The sow doesn't look to be in the throes of ecstasy.” And she said, you can't make that conclusion, because animals don't register pain or pleasure on their faces in the same way that we do.They tend to--pigs, for example, are more like dogs.They use the upper half of the face;the ears are very expressive.So you're not really sure what's going on with the pig.13:39 Primates, on the other hand, we use our mouths more.This is the ejaculation face of the stump-tailed macaque.(Laughter)And, interestingly, this has been observed in female macaques, but only when mounting another female.13:57(Laughter)14:00 Masters and Johnson, in the 1950s, they decided, okay, we're going to figure out the entire human sexual response cycle, from arousal, all the way through orgasm, in men and women--everything that happens in the human body.Okay, with women, a lot of this is happening inside.This did not stop Masters and Johnson.They developed an artificial coition machine.This is basically a penis camera on a motor.There is a phallus, clear acrylic phallus, with a camera and a light source, attached to a motor that is kind of going like this.And the woman would have sex with it.That is what they would do.Pretty amazing.Sadly, this device has been dismantled.This just kills me, not because I wanted to use it--I wanted to see it.14:45(Laughter)14:48 One fine day Alfred Kinsey decided to calculate the average distance traveled by ejaculated semen.This was not idle curiosity.Doctor Kinsey had heard--and there was a theory kind of going around at the time, this being the 1940s--that the force with which semen is thrown against the cervix was a factor in fertility.Kinsey thought it was bunk, so he got to work.He got together in his lab 300 men, a measuring tape, and a movie camera.(Laughter)And in fact he found that in three quarters of the men the stuff just kind of slopped out.It wasn't spurted or thrown or ejected under great force.However, the record holder landed just shy of the eight-foot mark, which is impressive.(Laughter)(Applause)Yes.Exactly.(Laughter)Sadly, he's anonymous.His name is not mentioned.15:54 In his write-up, in his write-up of this experiment in his book, Kinsey wrote, “Two sheets were laid down to protect the oriental carpets.”(Laughter)Which is my second favorite line in the entire oeuvre of Alfred Kinsey.My favorite being, “Cheese crumbs spread before a pair of copulating rats will distract the female, but not the male.” 16:20(Laughter)16:22 Thank you very much.16:24(Applause)16:28 Thanks!

好的。下面是幾張圖片 這些圖片來源于 《超聲醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》上發(fā)表的的一篇有趣的文章。恕我直言，我覺得這篇文章是 《超聲醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》有史以來最受爭議的文章。標(biāo)題為《子宮內(nèi)自慰觀察報告》。（眾笑）好吧。左邊的是只手，在箭頭所指的地方。這個是陰莖。小手在其周圍徘徊。在這呢，我們看看 放射科醫(yī)師以色列·麥斯內(nèi) 是怎么說的吧，“手持陰莖的動作近似于自慰活動?！?大家別忘了，這是張超聲波圖像。所以我們可以看到動態(tài)影像。1:01 性高潮是自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的反射作用。自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng) 掌管我們無意識控制的活動。比如，食物消化，心率，性沖動等。這個神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)激起相關(guān)器官的反射作用 靠的是花樣繁多的輸入 陰部刺激。咄。此外，金賽（20世紀(jì)美國著名的生物學(xué)家和人類性學(xué)科學(xué)研究者）采訪過一位婦女，這名女子 僅靠撫摸眉毛就可以到到高潮。脊椎受傷的人，比如，下肢癱瘓，四肢癱瘓的人 身體部分區(qū)域會變得異常敏感 癱瘓部位以上，任何一個區(qū)域都有可能。文獻(xiàn)中還有記載過“膝蓋高潮”（knee orgasm）1:44 不過我所見過最為奇特的 是這樣一位女子 她每次刷牙都會達(dá)到性高潮。（眾笑）這還真是奇事一樁 光是刷牙的觸覺 就足以引發(fā)高潮 她跑去看神經(jīng)科醫(yī)生，醫(yī)生對此很感興趣 他檢查牙膏，看看是不是其中的特殊成分有作用 但是，不管什么牌子的牙膏都對該女子有效 醫(yī)生們用 牙簽刺激她的牙齦，看看是否同樣有效 一點兒也不管用，要知道，是刷牙整個動作給她快感。讓我吃驚的是，我本以為她會 又一口皓齒（眾笑）可惜的是，聽聽一期醫(yī)學(xué)刊上的引言，“該女子自認(rèn)被魔鬼附身，” “轉(zhuǎn)用漱口水來保持口腔衛(wèi)生?！?真是令人惋惜 2:44（眾笑）2:45 為了寫一本書，我采訪過一位女子 她僅憑意念就可以達(dá)到高潮 她是羅格斯大學(xué)（Rutgers University）研究計劃的一部分 研究人員一定會喜歡我這個采訪的。我在奧克蘭（加州第八大城市）一家壽司店和她會面 我問道“你能在這兒做嗎？” 她回答“當(dāng)然可以，但你要不介意，我們吃完飯再說好嗎？”（眾笑）后來，她向我展示她的特異 不過是在餐廳外的長椅上 真的是難以置信?？偣惨环昼娮笥摇Ｊ潞笪覇査?“你是不是整天都這樣？”（眾笑）她答道“不，老實講，我每次到家的時候就已經(jīng)筋疲力竭了。”（眾笑）她說距今天最近的一次 是在迪斯尼樂園的有軌電車上 3:36（眾笑）3:38 除了脊神經(jīng)，高潮的 “總部”位于骶神經(jīng)。就是這兒 要是你用電極刺激這兒 就是這兒，你就能引發(fā)一場高潮 同理，死人也會有脊髓反射 只要你用電極刺激 有一種死人，尚有呼吸的死人 腦死亡的人 在法律規(guī)定義下就是正式死亡 但靠呼吸機(jī)維持基體運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) 各個器官也供氧充足 以待器官采摘移植給他人 要是你刺激他們身體相應(yīng)的區(qū)域 在這些尸體身上 你常常會看到 一種叫拉薩路反射（Lazarus reflex）的現(xiàn)象 我盡量向大家展示，盡量用我的活體展示 就這樣，刺激這兒 尸體，或男或女，就會??這樣 不過，多病例實驗室的人來說，有點驚悚 4:39（眾笑）4:40 要是能在死人身上激起拉薩路反射（Lazarus reflex）那有沒有可能在死人身上喚起高潮呢？ 我問了一個研究腦死亡的專家 斯蒂芬妮·曼，她也大出意料傻傻的的回了我的郵件（眾笑）我問 “你能令人信服的 在死人身上激起高潮嗎？” 她回到到“能，只要骶神經(jīng)供氧充足，你可以令人信服的做到?！?但顯然對于被試著沒有任何樂趣可言?！?但高潮終歸是高潮--（眾笑）然而，我推薦給一位研究者，一位阿拉巴馬大學(xué)的 研究高潮的學(xué)者 我對她說，”你該做做這個實驗，要知道，在大學(xué)工作，弄到尸體輕而易舉 我說，“你該做這項實驗” 她道“你該去弄人體試驗復(fù)查委員會的批準(zhǔn)?！?5:31（眾笑）5:33 根據(jù)上世紀(jì)三十年代婚姻指南手冊作者 西奧多·范·德·威爾德 交合后一小時內(nèi)，女子口中會有一點 精液的味道 西奧多 范 德 威爾德倒是個精液鑒賞家（眾笑）要知道該人寫了一本名為《理想婚姻》的書 他可是異性戀的鐵桿主張者 但在《理想婚姻中》他寫道 他能辨別青年男子和壯年男子的精液 青年男子的精液有幾種新鮮，令人愉悅的氣息 而壯年男子呢，用他的話來說，“聞起來像極了西班牙栗子樹的花香” 時有鮮花的芬芳，時而又有過于濃郁。“ 6:18（眾笑）6:23 好吧，1999年，以色列國 一男子開始打嗝 不幸的是就像眾多病例一樣，嗝打個不停 他試遍了朋友們推薦的方法 但作用一點沒起 日子一天一天過去。突然一天，這個男子 當(dāng)然還是不停的打嗝，和他的妻子做愛 這是奇跡發(fā)生了，打嗝停止了 他告訴醫(yī)生，醫(yī)生把病例分析發(fā)表在 加拿大一個醫(yī)學(xué)期刊上，題為 《性交作為 頑固打嗝的潛在治療法》 我很喜歡這篇文章，因為某種程度上建議 單身打嗝病人去自慰來解決問題（眾笑）我覺得這主意很妙，人口統(tǒng)計上的新一頁，單身打嗝病人（眾笑）已婚打嗝病人，未婚打嗝病人，單身打嗝病人 7:15 在二十世紀(jì)，二十世紀(jì)初 眾多婦科病專家認(rèn)為 但婦女經(jīng)理高潮時 子宮收縮能將精液吸入宮頸 并快速的將精子傳遞給卵子 這樣可以增加受孕機(jī)會 這個被稱作”上吸理論“（眾笑）我們要是追溯到希波克拉底（古希臘醫(yī)師，西方醫(yī)學(xué)之父）時代 醫(yī)生們堅信，女性高潮 不僅對受孕有利，同時也是十分必要的 那時候，醫(yī)生都會按慣例告訴男子 取悅他們妻子的重要性 婚姻手冊作者兼精液探測器 西奧多·范·德·威爾德（眾笑）曾在書中這樣寫道 我真是太喜歡這個人了，西奧多·范·德·威爾德可真是個里程碑式人物 他曾在書中這樣寫道 據(jù)說語出哈布斯堡君主國（包括了自1804年到1867年期間的奧地利帝國和1867年到1918年的奧匈帝國）女王瑪麗亞·特蕾西亞 一直沒能懷孕 很明顯，皇家醫(yī)生會對她說 ”鄙人以為，您神圣的陰部 在交合前需要稍適愛撫一下?！埃ū娦Γ┖苊黠@，我也不是很清楚在哪，史料上應(yīng)該會有記載。8:33 馬斯特和強(qiáng)生（二者皆為美國性研究家）：現(xiàn)在我們來看看二十世紀(jì)五十年代。馬斯特和強(qiáng)生對”上吸理論“持懷疑態(tài)度 或者風(fēng)趣點來說，他們要跟不買賬 所以，他們決定要名流青史，弄個究竟。他們找到若干女性作為研究對象，好象是五位 讓她們帶上子宮套 套中有人造精液 精液中又有 放射線不透性物質(zhì) 這樣可以在X光下成像 這可是上世紀(jì)五十年代 不管怎樣，這些女性受試者坐在X光儀器前 自慰 以供馬斯特和強(qiáng)生觀察精液是否會被吸起 跡象表明，沒有任何吸起 也許你會想”人造精子是怎么做得？“（眾笑）我知道，這兒有兩種說法 面粉加水，或玉米淀粉加水 其實，我在文獻(xiàn)中找到三個獨立的配方（眾笑）我最喜歡的一個是這樣的，要知道，各個成分都是列出來的，然后會，比如說，”該配方可供制作：12個紙杯蛋糕“ 這個精液配方上可是”給配方可供制作：一射精量精液“ 9:49（眾笑）9:52 這兒還有一個高潮有助生育的說法，男性在其中也有分量，在女性體內(nèi)存活了一周甚至更久的精子 會產(chǎn)生異變 這樣精子會比較難一頭沖進(jìn) 卵子 英國性學(xué)家羅伊列文 推測這可能是為何男子 會進(jìn)化成喜歡高頻率自慰 他說到”要是我一直自慰，新鮮精子就會源源產(chǎn)生。“ 這個主意，不，理論，其實挺有趣的 現(xiàn)在諸位，你們有了一個進(jìn)化理論支撐的借口啦 10:23（眾笑）10:27 好吧 10:30（眾笑）10:32 好的。但是動物世界卻有明顯的上吸跡象 比如，豬 在丹麥，丹麥國家豬繁殖委員會 發(fā)現(xiàn)，要是 母豬在人工配種時性喚起 產(chǎn)仔量會上升6個百分點 也就是說更多的小豬崽會出生 然后一個方案應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，為的是把 豬的產(chǎn)仔量再提高5個百分點 宣傳海報貼滿了牲口棚 DVD分發(fā)給農(nóng)民 我也有這DVD（眾笑）這可是獨家揭露。我會放一小段視頻給大家 11:12（眾笑）11:14 好的，開始了，啦啦啦，去工作，看起來還有天真爛漫 接下來他會用雙手 不過公豬沒手，只能用鼻子，好吧，（眾笑）就這樣，公豬的求偶節(jié)目有點奇怪（眾笑）這是模仿公豬的重量（眾笑）要知道，母豬的陰蒂在陰道內(nèi) 所以，這對母豬來說還是有快感的，就這樣（眾笑）結(jié)果皆大歡喜（鼓掌）我很喜歡這視頻 視頻開頭還頗具教育意義 就在農(nóng)民手部特寫那段，鏡頭給他手上的結(jié)婚戒指一個大大的特寫 好像想告訴觀眾”好吧，這是他的工作。他喜歡的還是人類女性“ 12:28（眾笑）12:32 好吧，我住在丹麥時，招待我的女主人名叫安·瑪麗 我問她”為什么我直接刺激母豬的陰蒂？ 為什么我讓農(nóng)民這樣做那？ 這不是5步中的一步嗎 她答道，你一定要聽聽原話，我真是愛死這個了 她說 ”光是讓農(nóng)民觸摸母豬的有陰部就夠困難的了，就更別提陰蒂啦?！埃ū娦Γ┑怯悬c害羞但有雄心壯志的農(nóng)民呢，可以買這個，這可是真的 母豬振蕩器 這東西連接著精子輸送管振動 原因呢，正如我所說的 母豬的陰蒂在陰道內(nèi) 所以，這東西帶來的快感還是比表面上看起來的多得多的 并且，我問了女主人，”但是這些母豬，我的意思是，也許你也注意到了，這些母豬看起來不是很樂在其中啊?！?她說”這么說就沒道理啦，因為，你不能用人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)去衡量豬 人會把痛苦或快感寫在臉上，但豬不是這樣的。豬呢，打個比方，更像狗，用臉的上半部分傳達(dá)信息，動耳朵就是很好的表現(xiàn) 所以，你也不能準(zhǔn)確的把握豬的感受 13:39 另一方面，作為靈長類動物，我們?nèi)祟惛呄蛴谟米?這是藏酋猴射精時的面部表情（眾笑）并且，有趣的是，這個表情也會在雌性藏酋猴臉上看到 不過是在它和另一只雌性藏酋猴交尾時 13:57（眾笑）14:00 馬斯特和強(qiáng)生在20世紀(jì)50年代決定 要研究透徹整個人類性反應(yīng)鏈 從性沖動到高潮，從男人到女人 人體在期間的一切反應(yīng) 對女性來說，這些反應(yīng)都發(fā)生在體內(nèi) 但這并沒有阻止馬斯特和強(qiáng)生的步伐 他們研制出一種仿真交媾儀 這東西基本上是個有攝像機(jī)的仿真陰莖連著一個馬達(dá) 這是一個陰莖 丙烯制作的，內(nèi)嵌攝像機(jī)和照明部件 連接在一個這樣運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的馬達(dá)上 然后，被試著與其性交 他們就是用這種方法，聽驚人的 可惜的是，這儀器被拆毀了 真是太令我難過了。我并不是想要一個 只是想親眼看看 14:45（眾笑）14:48 一個陽光明媚的一天 阿爾佛雷德·金賽（前面提及的美國性學(xué)家）決定 計算精子射出的平均距離 這可并非單為滿足奇思怪想 金賽博士聽說過 這樣一個理論，那時是40年代 精子 射入宮頸的力度 是確保生育的一大因素 金賽覺得這理論是空談，所以他要用實踐檢驗 他在實驗室聚集了 300名男子，測量卷尺和攝像機(jī)（眾笑）事實上他發(fā)現(xiàn) 其中四分之三的男子的精液 只是溢出 而非很有力的噴出射出 但是，有一個“冠軍”的 “射程”竟達(dá)8英尺（約2.43米），挺驚人的（眾笑）（鼓掌）是啊，沒錯（眾笑）可惜的是，這些被試著是匿名的，他的名字沒有被提及 15:54 在他的文章中 在他的文章中，金賽沒提他的名字 金賽，寫道 “兩張床單被鋪在地上以防沾污地毯?！保ū娦Γ┻@是金賽所有文獻(xiàn)中 我第二最喜歡的一句話 我最喜歡的呢，是“把芝士擺在交媾的老鼠前，收吸引的是雌鼠而非雄鼠?！?16:20（眾笑）16:22 十分感謝

《beats that defy boxes》

[Non English]...and that's one of the things that I enjoy most about this convention.It's not so much, as so little as to do with what everything is.(Laughter)But it is within our self-interest to understand the topography of our lives unto ourselves.(Laughter)The future states that there is no time other than the collapsation of that sensation of the mirror of the memories in which we are living.(Laughter)Common knowledge, but important nonetheless.(Laughter)As we face fear in these times, and fear is all around us, we also have anti-fear.It's hard to imagine or measure.The background radiation is simply too static to be able to be seen under the normal spectral analysis.But we feel as though there are times when a lot of us--you know what I'm say'n? But--you know what I'm say'n? Cuz, like, as a hip hop thing, you know what I'm say'n, TED be rock'n--you know what I'm say'n.Like so I wrote a song, and I hope you guys dig it.It's a song about people and sasquatches--(Laughter)--and other French science stuff.That's French science.Okay, here we go.? I've been trying inside ? ? I know that I'm in trouble by myself ? ? But every time it gets me ? ? [unclear] ?(Music)? And I've been trying to be the one that you believe in ? ? And you're the one that I want to be so saucy ? ? And you're the one I want to [unclear], baby ? ? And you can do anything ? ? as long as you don't get hurt along the way back ? ? If I survive, I'm gonna tell you what is wrong ? ? Because if you were [unclear] ? ? And I think that you're looking like a [unclear] ? ? I give you what I want to be ?(Music)And it's like, you could use as many of those things that you want.(Applause)And the computer models, no matter how many that you have and how many people that you use, are never going to be able to arrive at the same conclusions.Four years ago I worked with a few people at the Brookings Institute, and I arrived at a conclusion.(Laughter)Tomorrow is another day.(Laughter)Not just any day, but it is a day.It will get here, there's no question.And the important thing to remember is that this simulation is a good one.It's believable, it's tactile.You can reach out--things are solid.You can move objects from one area to another.You can feel your body.You can say, “I'd like to go over to this location,” and you can move this mass of molecules through the air over to another location at will.(Laughter)That's something you live inside of every day.Now with the allocation and the understanding of the lack of understanding, we enter into a new era of science in which we feel nothing more than so much so as to say that those within themselves, comporary or non-comporary, will figuratively figure into the folding of our non-understanding and our partial understanding to the networks of which we all draw our source and conclusions from.(Laughter)So, as I say before the last piece, feel not as though it is a sphere we live on, rather an infinite plane which has the illusion of leading yourself back to the point of origin.(Laughter)Once we understand that all the spheres in the sky are just large infinite planes, it will be plain to see.Ha Ha Ha.This is my final piece.And just remember everything you are--it's more important to realize the negative space, as music is only the division of space;it is the space we are listening to divided as such, which gives us the information comparison to something other that gives us the idea of what the idea that wants to be transmitted wants to be.So please, without further ado.(Applause)Thank you.(Applause)This is a fun one.It goes like this.(Music)Okay, for the last piece I'd like to do, this one goes very similar to this.I hope you guys recognize it.Here we go.Okay, that still works.Okay, good.All right, here we go.(Laughter)(Music)Here we go.(Music)? Yeah, yo, yo, yo ?(Music)Thank you.Enjoy the rest.Thank you.(Applause)

[非英語] 關(guān)于這大會 我最享受的事之一就是 都跟“萬物為何”這個話題有著多多少少的關(guān)系（笑聲）了解一下生命的崎嶇 和我們自身的關(guān)系 是為了自身利益（笑聲）未來表明 并不存在時間 只不過是我們在記憶影像中的生活 轟然崩塌而已（笑聲）雖說是常識 但也還是很重要的（笑聲）在這種情況下我們感到恐懼 恐懼無所不在 也有抗恐懼法子 很難設(shè)想或衡量 背景輻射過于靜態(tài) 普通光譜分析根本無法檢測出來 但有些時候我們也會覺得 當(dāng)許多人--你們懂的 但是呢--你們懂的 就 嘻哈音樂那種范兒 你們都懂的 TED贊爆了--就這意思 我寫了首歌 希望大家喜歡 這是一首有關(guān)人們 和長毛野人的歌曲--（笑聲）--還有些法國科技的玩意 沒錯 法國科技 好 開唱 ?我一直內(nèi)心在爭斗? ? 我知道我身陷囫圇 ? ?但每次它困擾我 ? ? [聽不清] ?（音樂）? 我一直努力成為你信任的那個人 ? ?為了你 我才愿意變得這么挑逗? ?正是你，我才想[聽不清]，寶貝 ? ? 你可以做任何的事? ?只要事后你不會受到傷害 ? ?若我能生存下來 會告訴你哪里出了問題 ? ?因為假若你是 [不確定] ? ? 我認(rèn)為你看起來像[不確定] ? ?我給予你我所能做到的一切 ?（音樂）這些東西 你想用多少用多少（掌聲）那些計算機(jī)虛擬建模 不管你做了多少 用了多少人 結(jié)論永遠(yuǎn)不同 四年前我在布魯金斯學(xué)院跟一些人合作 得出了一個結(jié)論（笑聲）明天是新的一天!（笑聲）不是隨便哪一天 但反正就是一天 明天一定會到來 這是毫無疑問的 重要的是要記住 這次模擬是成功的 真實可信 觸手可及 你可以伸手觸碰--這些東西都是有形態(tài)的 你可以把東西從這兒移到那兒 你能感覺到自己的肢體 你可以說 “我想走到那個位置” 然后你就能很隨意地把這么一大坨分子 穿過這段空間移到那兒去（笑聲）這就是我們每天的經(jīng)歷 現(xiàn)在隨著這種分配 和對缺少理解的認(rèn)知 我們進(jìn)入了一個全新的科學(xué)范疇 對此我們感到 只能說 那些在科技本身中，當(dāng)代的或非當(dāng)代的，會被象征性地包括進(jìn) 我們不理解和半理解 的折疊當(dāng)中 對于我們汲取源頭 和得出結(jié)論的網(wǎng)絡(luò)（笑聲）所以 就像我在最后一首歌前說的 不要只覺得地球只是我們生存的地方 它其實是一個廣袤無垠的平原 有著帶領(lǐng)你溯本追源的幻覺（笑聲）一旦我們了解天空中的那些空間 都僅是廣袤無垠的平原 就會覺得“原”來如此了 哈哈哈 這是我最后一曲 記住 你的一切--最重要的是認(rèn)識到 負(fù)空間 正如音樂僅是空間的一部分 我們所聆聽的空間被分割成這樣 傳達(dá)給我們信息 相比于其它的 告訴我們想傳遞哪些想法 想產(chǎn)生哪些想法 好了 不羅嗦了（掌聲）謝謝（掌聲）這首很有趣 是這么唱的（音樂）我要唱的最后一曲 跟這首很相像 我希望你們等會能聽出來 開始吧 好 還老當(dāng)益壯 很好 好 來了啊（笑聲）（音樂）走著（音樂）? Yeah, yo, yo, yo ?（音樂）謝謝大家 請盡情享受接下來的活動 謝謝（掌聲）

《my 12 pairs of legs》

I was speaking to a group of about 300 kids, ages six to eight, at a children's museum, and I brought with me a bag full of legs, similar to the kinds of things you see up here, and had them laid out on a table for the kids.And, from my experience, you know, kids are naturally curious about what they don't know, or don't understand, or is foreign to them.They only learn to be frightened of those differences when an adult influences them to behave that way, and maybe censors that natural curiosity, or you know, reins in the question-asking in the hopes of them being polite little kids.So I just pictured a first grade teacher out in the lobby with these unruly kids, saying, “Now, whatever you do, don't stare at her legs.” 0:54 But, of course, that's the point.That's why I was there, I wanted to invite them to look and explore.So I made a deal with the adults that the kids could come in without any adults for two minutes on their own.The doors open, the kids descend on this table of legs, and they are poking and prodding, and they're wiggling toes, and they're trying to put their full weight on the sprinting leg to see what happens with that.And I said, “Kids, really quickly--I woke up this morning, I decided I wanted to be able to jump over a house--nothing too big, two or three stories--but, if you could think of any animal, any superhero, any cartoon character, anything you can dream up right now, what kind of legs would you build me?” 1:36 And immediately a voice shouted, “Kangaroo!” “No, no, no!Should be a frog!” “No.It should be Go Go Gadget!” “No, no, no!It should be the Incredibles.” And other things that I don't--aren't familiar with.And then, one eight-year-old said, “Hey, why wouldn't you want to fly too?” And the whole room, including me, was like, “Yeah.”(Laughter)And just like that, I went from being a woman that these kids would have been trained to see as “disabled” to somebody that had potential that their bodies didn't have yet.Somebody that might even be super-abled.Interesting.2:16 So some of you actually saw me at TED, 11 years ago.And there's been a lot of talk about how life-changing this conference is for both speakers and attendees, and I am no exception.TED literally was the launch pad to the next decade of my life's exploration.At the time, the legs I presented were groundbreaking in prosthetics.I had woven carbon fiber sprinting legs modeled after the hind leg of a cheetah, which you may have seen on stage yesterday.And also these very life-like, intrinsically painted silicone legs.2:52 So at the time, it was my opportunity to put a call out to innovators outside the traditional medical prosthetic community to come bring their talent to the science and to the art of building legs.So that we can stop compartmentalizing form, function and aesthetic, and assigning them different values.Well, lucky for me, a lot of people answered that call.And the journey started, funny enough, with a TED conference attendee--Chee Pearlman, who hopefully is in the audience somewhere today.She was the editor then of a magazine called ID, and she gave me a cover story.3:31 This started an incredible journey.Curious encounters were happening to me at the time;I'd been accepting numerous invitations to speak on the design of the cheetah legs around the world.And people would come up to me after the conference, after my talk, men and women.And the conversation would go something like this, “You know Aimee, you're very attractive.You don't look disabled.”(Laughter)I thought, “Well, that's amazing, because I don't feel disabled.” And it really opened my eyes to this conversation that could be explored, about beauty.What does a beautiful woman have to look like? What is a sexy body? And interestingly, from an identity standpoint, what does it mean to have a disability? I mean, people--Pamela Anderson has more prosthetic in her body than I do.Nobody calls her disabled.(Laughter)4:28 So this magazine, through the hands of graphic designer Peter Saville, went to fashion designer Alexander McQueen, and photographer Nick Knight, who were also interested in exploring that conversation.So, three months after TED I found myself on a plane to London, doing my first fashion shoot, which resulted in this cover--“Fashion-able”? Three months after that, I did my first runway show for Alexander McQueen on a pair of hand-carved wooden legs made from solid ash.Nobody knew--everyone thought they were wooden boots.Actually, I have them on stage with me: grapevines, magnolias--truly stunning.Poetry matters.Poetry is what elevates the banal and neglected object to a realm of art.It can transform the thing that might have made people fearful into something that invites them to look, and look a little longer, and maybe even understand.5:34 I learned this firsthand with my next adventure.The artist Matthew Barney, in his film opus called the “The Cremaster Cycle.” This is where it really hit home for me--that my legs could be wearable sculpture.And even at this point, I started to move away from the need to replicate human-ness as the only aesthetic ideal.So we made what people lovingly referred to as glass legs even though they're actually optically clear polyurethane, a.k.a.bowling ball material.Heavy!Then we made these legs that are cast in soil with a potato root system growing in them, and beetroots out the top, and a very lovely brass toe.That's a good close-up of that one.Then another character was a half-woman, half-cheetah--a little homage to my life as an athlete.14 hours of prosthetic make-up to get into a creature that had articulated paws, claws and a tail that whipped around, like a gecko.(Laughter)And then another pair of legs we collaborated on were these--look like jellyfish legs, also polyurethane.And the only purpose that these legs can serve, outside the context of the film, is to provoke the senses and ignite the imagination.So whimsy matters.6:56 Today, I have over a dozen pair of prosthetic legs that various people have made for me, and with them I have different negotiations of the terrain under my feet, and I can change my height--I have a variable of five different heights.(Laughter)Today, I'm 6'1“.And I had these legs made a little over a year ago at Dorset Orthopedic in England and when I brought them home to Manhattan, my first night out on the town, I went to a very fancy party.And a girl was there who has known me for years at my normal 5'8”.Her mouth dropped open when she saw me, and she went, “But you're so tall!” And I said, “I know.Isn't it fun?” I mean, it's a little bit like wearing stilts on stilts, but I have an entirely new relationship to door jams that I never expected I would ever have.And I was having fun with it.And she looked at me, and she said, “But, Aimee, that's not fair.”(Laughter)(Applause)And the incredible thing was she really meant it.It's not fair that you can change your height, as you want it.8:04 And that's when I knew--that's when I knew that the conversation with society has changed profoundly in this last decade.It is no longer a conversation about overcoming deficiency.It's a conversation about augmentation.It's a conversation about potential.A prosthetic limb doesn't represent the need to replace loss anymore.It can stand as a symbol that the wearer has the power to create whatever it is that they want to create in that space.So people that society once considered to be disabled can now become the architects of their own identities and indeed continue to change those identities by designing their bodies from a place of empowerment.And what is exciting to me so much right now is that by combining cutting-edge technology--robotics, bionics--with the age-old poetry, we are moving closer to understanding our collective humanity.I think that if we want to discover the full potential in our humanity, we need to celebrate those heartbreaking strengths and those glorious disabilities that we all have.I think of Shakespeare's Shylock: “If you prick us, do we not bleed, and if you tickle us, do we not laugh?” It is our humanity, and all the potential within it, that makes us beautiful.Thank you.(Applause)

我曾經(jīng)和一群大約300人的六到八歲的孩子們 在兒童博物館交談 我隨身帶著一個裝滿義肢的包 和你們在這里所看到的相像 然后我把它們擺在一個桌子上，給孩子們看 從我的經(jīng)驗來看，要知道，孩子們天生對 他們不知道、不明白 或者不熟悉的東西好奇。只有在成年人的影響下 他們才會學(xué)會去害怕 與生俱來的好奇心就這樣被抹殺 或者是約束孩子們問問題 好讓他們做有禮貌的好孩子 想象一下，大廳里一個一年級老師 帶著一群不守規(guī)矩的孩子，老師會說：”好啦，不管你干什么，就是別盯著她的腿看?！?0:54 但是，問題就在這兒 我之所以會在那兒，就是想讓孩子們觀察和探索 所以我就和成年人達(dá)成了協(xié)議 讓孩子們在們有成人陪伴下 自己待兩分鐘 門打開后，孩子們俯身擺弄起義肢 他們這兒戳戳那兒碰碰，搖搖腳趾頭 還試著把整個身體壓在短跑義肢上 看看會有什么反應(yīng) 我說道：”孩子們，抓緊啊--我早上起來，一心想要能夠一下子跳過比房子 沒什么大不了的，不過兩三層的高度 但是，想想哪些動物、哪些超級英雄、那些卡通人物 你能想到的任何一個 你會給我造一副什么樣的腿呢？“ 1:36 立即有孩子答道：“袋鼠！” “不對，不對！應(yīng)該是青蛙！” “不對，應(yīng)該是神探佳杰特（上世紀(jì)80年代動畫人物）！” “不對，不對，都不對！應(yīng)該是超人特工隊（迪斯尼2004年出品動畫電影）” 還有其他一些我不太熟悉的 然后，一個8歲的孩子說道，“嗨，為什么你不想飛呢？” 所有在場的人，包括我，驚嘆道“對啊”（笑）就這樣，我從女人 一個這些孩子被教育成看待的“殘疾人” 到一個一個潛能尚待開發(fā)的人 一個很有可能有超人能力的人 很有趣吧 2:16 在座的有些人11年前在TED見過我 當(dāng)時人們熱烈討論這個會議是如何如何改變?nèi)松?不管你是聽眾還是發(fā)言人，我也不例外 TED可以說是我接后10年探索的發(fā)射臺 當(dāng)時，我展示的義肢是修復(fù)術(shù)的前沿技術(shù) 我當(dāng)時接上了碳纖維制成的 仿獵豹后肢的短跑義肢 可能你們昨天見過 這些栩栩如生的噴漆硅膠義肢 2:52 當(dāng)時，我有機(jī)會 在傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)修復(fù)領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)新 把他們的才智與科學(xué)、藝術(shù)相結(jié)合 制造義肢 這樣我們就不必把外觀、功能和美學(xué)劃分開來 并賦予不同的價值 幸運(yùn)的是，很多人做出了響應(yīng) 旅程就這樣開始了，很有趣的是，有一個TED參會者 琪 皮爾曼，希望她今天也在場 她當(dāng)時是一本名為《ID》的雜志的編輯 她把我作為封面故事刊登在雜志上 3:31 接下來我開始了一場奇妙的旅程 當(dāng)時我奇妙地碰到了很多人和事 我被邀請去做了很多演講 在世界各地討論仿獵豹義肢技術(shù) 人們在演講后找到我 不論男女 談話內(nèi)容不外乎 “要知道艾美，你很迷人。一點不像有殘疾的?！保ㄐΓ┪蚁搿斑@還挺神的，因為我一點也不感到殘疾?！?我的有關(guān)演講的視野也被打開了 美也可以被探索 一個美麗的女人應(yīng)該長什么樣？ 什么是性感的身體？ 很有趣的是，從一個身份角度 殘疾意味著什么？ 我是說，有人--比如帕米拉·安德森（美國艷星，以其碩大的隆胸著稱）的修復(fù)程度可大大高過我 可沒人說她殘疾（笑）4:28 后來這期《ID》雜志，經(jīng)美術(shù)設(shè)計師皮特·薩維耶之手 傳到了時裝設(shè)計師亞歷山大·麥昆和攝影師尼克·奈特手中 他們也對探索相關(guān)方面很感興趣 參加完TED幾個月后，我就搭上了前往 倫敦的航班，攝制我的第一組時尚雜志照片 結(jié)果可以從這本雜志封面看出--時尚嗎？ 3個月后，我為亞歷山大·麥昆做了第一場時裝秀 腿著一副硬木手工義肢 沒人知道--大家都以為是木制長靴 事實上，它們就在臺上 葡萄藤、木蘭花，驚人的美 詩意很重要 詩歌能把陳腐和受忽視的東西提升到高層次 進(jìn)入藝術(shù)的境界 能把令人生畏的東西轉(zhuǎn)化成 引人入勝的東西 讓人駐足良久 也許會讓人們理解 5:34 這些是我從我的下一個冒險中第一手學(xué)到的 藝術(shù)家馬修·巴尼在他的影片《懸絲》 這部影片真是醍醐灌頂 我的雙腿竟可以成為雕塑品 這時，我就游離開模仿人體 開始探索美學(xué)的理想 后來我們研制了人們昵稱為玻璃腿的義肢 雖然它們實際上是剔透的聚亞安酯制作的 也就是制造保齡球的材料 相當(dāng)重的！后來我們用根與土壤的東西塑造這種義肢 把土豆根系植于其中，把甜菜根植在上頭 還裝上了很可愛的銅質(zhì)腳趾 就這樣完成了一個杰作 另一個造型是半人半獸 是對我運(yùn)動員生涯的小小致敬 14個小時的義肢彩繪 才看起來像有靈活爪子、搖來搖去的尾巴的生物 有點像壁虎（笑）另一付我們合作創(chuàng)作的義肢 看起來有那么一點像水母 同樣也是聚亞安酯制成的 這副義肢唯一的用途就是 除了電影里的展示，就是給人們感官刺激并激發(fā)人們的想象 所以詭譎多變很重要 6:56 今天，我?guī)Я酥辽?2副義肢 它們是由不同的人為我制作的 不同的義肢給了我與我腳下大地的不同體驗 我還可以改變身高 我有5個不同的身高（笑）今天，我有6尺1（約186cm）我身上這副義肢大概是一年前做的 在英國的多西特整形外科做的 當(dāng)我把它們帶回曼哈頓的家里 我回來后第一次出來是去一個化妝舞會 舞會上有個姑娘我認(rèn)識多年了 不過那時我只有5尺8（約177cm）她看到我驚訝不已 她說道“你怎么那么高！” 我說道“是啊，挺好玩的，不是嗎？” 有點像站在高蹺上踩高蹺 但我從此對門框有了全新體驗 始料未及的新天地 我樂在其中 她看著我 說道：“但是，艾美，這可不公平?！保ㄐΓü恼疲┳钇婷畹氖撬钦J(rèn)真的 能隨意改變身高 可不公平8:04 那時我才知道--那時我才知道社會交往的 巨大變革 在近10年來 這不再是克服先天障礙 是關(guān)于增量 是關(guān)于潛能 義肢的作用不再僅局限于代替身體缺失部分 它們可以作為佩戴者身份的象征 可以創(chuàng)造佩戴者天馬行空的想象 在這個空間 所以那些社會一度認(rèn)為是殘障的人 可以成為自己塑造身份的建筑師 并且切實繼續(xù)改變身份 僅憑設(shè)計自己的身體 從一個強(qiáng)大的源泉獲取靈感 現(xiàn)在令我激動不已的是 通過尖端科技 機(jī)器人技術(shù)、仿生學(xué)--及由來已久的詩意 我們向自身的集體人性邁進(jìn)了一步 我認(rèn)為要發(fā)掘自身 人性的的潛質(zhì) 我們要贊美那些令人心碎的力量 那些人人都有的光榮的殘障 我認(rèn)為莎士比亞筆下的夏洛克 “你們要是用刀劍刺我們，我們不是也會出血的嗎？ 你們要是搔我們的癢，我們不是也會笑起來的嗎？” 這就是我們的人性 及其所有的潛質(zhì) 是這些讓我們熠熠生輝 謝謝（鼓掌）

第四篇：TED演講：別吝嗇一聲感謝中英文

TED演講:別吝嗇一聲感謝

【視頻鏈接】：http://004km.cn/talks/laura_trice_suggests_we_all_say_thank_you Hi.I'm here to talk to you about the importance of praise, admiration and thank you, and having it be specific and genuine.And the way I got interested in this was, I noticed in myself, when I was growing up, and until about a few years ago, that I would want to say thank you to someone, I would want to praise them, I would want to take in their praise of me and I'd just stop it.And I asked myself, why? I felt shy, I felt embarrassed.And then my question became, am I the only one who does this? So, I decided to investigate.I'm fortunate enough to work in the rehab facility, so I get to see people who are facing life and death with addiction.And sometimes it comes down to something as simple as, their core wound is their father died without ever saying he's proud of them.But then, they hear from all the family and friends that the father told everybody else that he was proud of him, but he never told the son.It's because he didn't know that his son needed to hear it.So my question is, why don't we ask for the things that we need? I know a gentleman, married for 25 years, who's longing to hear his wife say, “Thank you for being the breadwinner, so I can stay home with the kids,” but won't ask.I know a woman who's good at this.She, once a week, meets with her husband and says, “I'd really like you to thank me for all these things I did in the house and with the kids.” And he goes, “Oh, this is great, this is great.” And praise really does have to be genuine, but she takes responsibility for that.And a friend of mine, April, who I've had since kindergarten, she thanks her children for doing their chores.And she said, “Why wouldn't I thank it, even though they're supposed to do it?” So, the question is, why was I blocking it? Why were other people blocking it? Why can I say, “I'll take my steak medium rare, I need size six shoes,” but I won't say, “Would you praise me this way?” And it's because I'm giving you critical data about me.I'm telling you where I'm insecure.I'm telling you where I need your help.And I'm treating you, my inner circle, like you're the enemy.Because what can you do with that data? You could neglect me.You could abuse it.Or you could actually meet my need.And I took my bike into the bike store--I love this--same bike, and they'd do something called “truing” the wheels.The guy said, “You know, when you true the wheels, it's going to make the bike so much better.” I get the same bike back, and they've taken all the little warps out of those same wheels I've had for two and a half years, and my bike is like new.So, I'm going to challenge all of you.I want you to true your wheels: be honest about the praise that you need to hear.What do you need to hear? Go home to your wife--go ask her, what does she need?Go home to your husband--what does he need? Go home and ask those questions, and then help the people around you.And it's simple.And why should we care about this? We talk about world peace.How can we have world peace with different cultures, different languages? I think it starts household by household, under the same roof.So, let's make it right in our own backyard.And I want to thank all of you in the audience for being great husbands, great mothers, friends, daughters, sons.And maybe somebody's never said that to you, but you've done a really, really good job.And thank you for being here, just showing up and changing the world with your ideas.Thank you.(Applause)

Dr.Laura Trice is a therapist and coach, devoted to practices that help people find fulfillment.She's created a therapeutic program called Writing in Recovery that uses creative skills such as journaling and music to help people develop better self-awareness and set goals.She's taught this program at such well-known clinics as Betty Ford and Promises.She's the author of the book How to Work Any 12-Step Program.In her other life, she is the head of Laura's Wholesome Junk Food, making healthy cookies and brownies.你好我來這里是要和你談?wù)勝澝?，贊美，感謝你的重要性，并將它具體化和真誠。

我對這方面感興趣的方式是，當(dāng)我長大了，直到大約幾年前，我想對某人說謝謝，我想贊美他們，我想對我的贊美，我會阻止它。我問自己，為什么？我感到害羞，感到尷尬。然后我的問題就變成了，我是唯一一個這樣做的人嗎？所以，我決定調(diào)查。

我非常幸運(yùn)的在一家康復(fù)中心工作，所以我可以看到人在面對生死與成癮。有時它會歸結(jié)為一點簡單的事情，他們的核心傷口是他們的父親死了，而沒有說他為他們感到驕傲。但是，他們聽到來自所有的家庭和朋友，父親告訴其他人，他為他感到驕傲，但他從來沒有告訴兒子。因為他不知道他的兒子需要聽它。

所以我的問題是，為什么我們不要求我們需要的東西？我知道先生，結(jié)婚25年了，他渴望聽到他妻子說，“感謝你為養(yǎng)家糊口的人，所以我可以和孩子們呆在家里，“但不會問。我認(rèn)識一個很好的女人。她，每周一次，遇到她的丈夫說：“我真的很喜歡你，謝謝我做的所有這些事情我做的房子和孩子，”和他去，“哦，這是偉大的，這是偉大的”和贊美真的必須是真正的，但她承擔(dān)責(zé)任。我的一個朋友，四月，我從幼兒園開始，她感謝她的孩子做家務(wù)。她說，“為什么我不感謝它，即使他們應(yīng)該這樣做？”

所以，問題是，為什么我會阻礙它？為什么其他人會阻塞它？我為什么要說，“我要吃我的牛排，我需要六雙鞋，”但我不說，“你這樣夸獎我嗎？”這是因為我給了你關(guān)于我的重要數(shù)據(jù)。我告訴你我是不安全的。我告訴你我需要你的幫助。我在對待你，我的內(nèi)心，就像你的敵人。因為你能用這些數(shù)據(jù)做什么？你可以忽略我。你可以濫用它?；蛘吣憧梢哉嬲凉M足我的需要。

我把我的自行車在自行車店——我愛這——同樣的自行車，他們會做一些所謂的“修整”車輪。他說，“你知道，當(dāng)你真正的車輪，它會使自行車更好?！拔业玫较嗤淖孕熊嚭螅麄円呀?jīng)把所有的小扭曲了我已經(jīng)有兩年半的時間，同樣，我的自行車輪子，像新的一樣。所以，我要挑戰(zhàn)你們所有人。我要你真正的你的輪子：是誠實的贊美，你需要聽到。你需要聽什么？回到你的妻子去問她，她需要什么？回到你丈夫身邊--他需要什么？回家問這些問題，然后幫助周圍的人。

這很簡單。我們?yōu)槭裁匆P(guān)心這個？我們談?wù)撌澜绾推健Ｎ覀內(nèi)绾尾拍苡胁煌奈幕?，不同的語言，世界和平？我想是一個家庭的家庭，在同一屋檐下。所以，讓我們把它放在我們自己的后院。我要感謝你們所有的人都是偉大的丈夫，偉大的母親，朋友，女兒，兒子。也許有人從來沒有對你說過這樣的話，但你真的做了一個非常好的工作，謝謝你在這里，只是用你的想法展示和改變世界。

謝謝你。（掌聲）

勞拉博士就是一個治療師和教練，致力于實踐，幫助人們找到成就感。她創(chuàng)造了一個治療程序中調(diào)用恢復(fù)使用的創(chuàng)作技巧，如日志和音樂幫助人們更好地發(fā)展自我意識和設(shè)定目標(biāo)的寫作。她在貝蒂福特和承諾的著名診所教這個節(jié)目。她是本書的作者，該書的作者是如何工作的12步。在她的生活，她是勞拉的有益健康的垃圾食品的頭，使健康的餅干和蛋糕。

第五篇：TED演講中的句子

TED演講中的句子

1.[談對人生的熱情]

It was an achievement worthy of Mahatma Gandhi, conducted with the shrewdness of a lawyer and the idealism of a saint.他帶來的效應(yīng)堪比圣雄甘地，兼具律師的機(jī)智和圣賢的理想主義。

―It’s okay.It was all so beautiful.Whenever you hear this, I will be there.‖

情況沒你想得那么糟，世界多么美好！每當(dāng)你聽到這首曲子的時候，我都在你的身邊。

The secret of their extraordinary success lay precisely in that insatiable curiosity, that irrepressible desire to know, no matter what the subject and no matter what the cost.他們?nèi)〉梅欠渤删偷拿孛埽撬麄冇啦粷M足的好奇心和難以遏制的求知欲，以及對任何事物不計代價的付出。

―Live each day as if it is your last,‖(Gandhi)―learn as if you’ll live forever.‖ This is what I’m passionate about.It is this inextinguishable, undaunted appetite for learning and experience;no matter how risible, no matter how esoteric, no matter how seditious it might seem.要活就要像明天你就會死去一樣活著（甘地），要學(xué)習(xí)就要像你將會永生一樣學(xué)習(xí)。這就是我的熱情所在，一種對知識和經(jīng)驗的堅定無畏的渴望，而不管這些知識多么荒唐，抑或神秘，或看上去別有用心。

2.[安靜！保持聽力健康的八大法則]

Each of you an individual chord, for one definition of health may be that chord is in complete harmony.每個人都是一個獨立的和弦。健康的定義之一是令這種和弦保持一種和諧狀態(tài)。

Reductive listening is to reduce everything down to what’s relevant, and discard everything that’s not relevant.(men)刪減性的傾聽是有選擇的聽，只關(guān)注想知道的東西而忽略無關(guān)緊要的內(nèi)容（通常男士）。

Expansive listening – get no destination in mind.It’s just enjoying the journey(women typically).擴(kuò)展性的傾聽——無明確目標(biāo)的傾聽，只是享受聽的過程（通常女士）。

Three quick tips to protect your ears: 三種保護(hù)聽力的簡單方法： ① Professional hearing protectors 專業(yè)聽力保護(hù)器

② Headphones of the best kind you can afford 買你能買得起的最好耳機(jī)

③ When in bad sound, put your fingers in your ears or just move away from it.聽到噪音時，最好用手指護(hù)住耳朵，或者遠(yuǎn)離噪音；

Language as decorated silence.語言即經(jīng)修飾過的寧靜。Wind, water, birds – natural sound – all very healthy because all of it that we evolved to over the years.風(fēng)聲，水聲，鳥聲——大自然的聲音對健康很有好處，因為這些都是我們進(jìn)化過程中陪伴我們的語言。

To design soundscapes just like words of art, that has a foreground, a background, all in beautiful proportion.去設(shè)計如藝術(shù)品一般的聲音氛圍，有前景，有背景，并且比例協(xié)調(diào)。

Just listen to the music is good for you, if it’s music made with good intention, made with love, generally.聽音樂也好，只要它的創(chuàng)作動機(jī)是好的，是有愛的音樂就可以。

3.[從機(jī)器人那里學(xué)來的四課]

– Always question assumptions.總是質(zhì)疑―想當(dāng)然‖的結(jié)論。

– When in doubt, improvise.糾結(jié)時，即興來。

– When your path is blocked, pivot.前路受阻時，圍繞中心迂回前進(jìn)。

– Practice, practice, practice(if you want to do it well)沒有什么能替代實踐，實踐，再實踐。

Many of our technological innovations, the devices we dream about, can inspire us to be better humans.我們有許多技術(shù)革新，和正在研發(fā)的設(shè)備可以激勵我們變得更好。

Little things, done right, matter.無論多小的事情，做對了就會有大用。

Well-designed moments can build brands.精心設(shè)計的細(xì)節(jié)很容易產(chǎn)生品牌效應(yīng)。

4.[你為何不會成就偉業(yè)]

Passion is the thing that will help you create the highest expression of your talent.能幫助你成就自己才華的最好的一樣?xùn)|西，就是熱忱。

You really think it’s appropriate that you should actually take children and use them as a shield? 你真的以為拿小孩當(dāng)擋箭牌合適嗎？

5.[溫和的成功哲學(xué)]

For good or for ill, we generate these incredible stories about the world around us, and then the world turns around and astonishes us.無論好壞，我們創(chuàng)造了關(guān)于周遭世界的絕妙故事，而世界也轉(zhuǎn)過身來，令我們大吃一驚。A snob is anybody who takes a small part of you and uses that to come to a complete vision of who you are.勢利的人以一小部分的你來判別你的全部價值。

I don’t think we are particularly materialistic.I think we live in a society which has simply pegged certain emotional rewards to the acquisition of material goods.It’s not the material goods we want, it’s the rewards we want.And that’s a new way of looking at luxury goods.The next time you see somebody driving a Ferrari, don’t think ―This is somebody who is greedy‖, think ―this is somebody who is incredibly vulnerable and in need of love.‖ In other words, feel sympathy, rather than contempt.我并不認(rèn)為我們特別看重物質(zhì)，而是生活在一個物質(zhì)能帶來大量情感反饋的時代。我們想要的不是物質(zhì)，而是背后的情感反饋。這賦予奢侈品一個嶄新的含意。下次你看到那些開著法拉利跑車的人，不要去想―這個人很貪婪‖，而應(yīng)想：―這是一個無比脆弱且渴望愛的人?！簿褪钦f，同情他們，不要鄙視他們。

The closer two people are, in age, in background, in the process of identification, the more there is a danger of envy.越是兩個年齡背景相近的人，越容易陷入嫉妒的苦海。

(What do you do?)And according to how you answer that question, people are either incredibly delighted to see you, or look at their watch and make their excuses.（你做什么工作？）你對這個問題的答案，將決定對方接下來的反應(yīng)。對方可能表示深感榮幸認(rèn)識你，或是開始看表，然后想個借口離開。

Most people make a strict correlation between how much time and if you like, love – not romantic love, though that may be something – but love in general, respect they are willing to accord us, that will be strictly defined by our position in the social hierarchy.大部分世人決定要花費(fèi)多少時間給予多少愛（不一定是浪漫的愛情，雖然那也包括在內(nèi)）他們所愿意給我們的關(guān)愛，尊重取決于我們的社會地位。

The idea that we will make a society where literally everybody is graded, the good at the top, and the bad at the bottom, and it’s exactly done as it should be, is impossible.There are simply too many random factors;we’ll never get to grade them.Hold your horses when you’re coming to judge people.You don’t necessarily know someone’s true value is.That’s an unknown part of them.那種能創(chuàng)造出一個好人在上，壞人在下，中無任何差錯的社會的觀點，是不現(xiàn)實的。這世上有太多偶然的契機(jī)，我們卻無從將這些因素分級。在開口評論他人之前，請千萬三思而后行。你很有可能不知道他人的真正價值，那是他人的不可測部分。

You cannot be successful at everything.So any vision of success has to admit what it’s losing out on, where the element of loss is.你不可能在所有事情上都成功，所有成功實例必須承認(rèn)它們同時也失去了一些東西，放棄了一些東西。

There is going to be an element where we are not succeeding.It’s bad enough not getting what we want, but it’s even worse to have an idea of what it is you want and find out at the end of a journey that it isn’t, in fact, what you wanted all along.總是有些什么是我們得不到的。得不到自己想要的已經(jīng)夠糟糕了，更糟糕的是，在你人生旅程的終點，發(fā)覺你所追求的，從來不是你真正想要的。

6.[精神病測試的另類答案]

He decided to fake madness to get out of a prison sentence.他決定裝瘋，以此逃過牢獄之災(zāi)。

Capitalism, perhaps at its most remorseless, is a physical manifestation of psychopathy.冷酷無情的資本主義正是精神疾病的物質(zhì)表現(xiàn)。

So I changed tack.于是我改變了策略。

7.[音樂的力量]

The most miserable and tragic thing about poverty is not the lack of bread or roof, but the feeling of being no-one, the feeling of not being anyone, the lack of identification, the lack of public esteem.關(guān)于貧窮最可憐和最悲慘的事情，并不是沒有面包可吃，沒有房子可住，而是根本沒有自我意識，缺乏存在感，缺乏自我認(rèn)同，不被公眾尊重。

I have come to know the mutability of all human relations and have learned to isolate myself from heat and cold so that the temperature balance is fairly well assured.–Elbert Einstein 我已熟悉一切人際關(guān)系的變幻無常，也學(xué)會漠視這種世態(tài)炎涼，以保證我的心態(tài)平衡。——愛因斯坦

Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.–the Golden Rule 你們愿意人怎樣對待你們，你們也要怎樣待人?！d的黃金法則

The road to success is lined with many tempting parking spaces.通向成功的路旁充斥著許多誘人的休息區(qū)。

It’s going to be a society that’s way in advance of our own.We’re not inevitably doomed to self-destruction.一定存在一個比我們的社會先進(jìn)很多的另一個社會，我們并不是不可避免地走向自我毀滅。

8.[我們真的需要月亮嗎？] When the Earth is spinning very fast, it was very stable.But as it slows down, it will be lose its stability and start to wobble had it not been for the moon.地球在快速轉(zhuǎn)動時，狀態(tài)十分穩(wěn)定。但它放慢速度后就會失去穩(wěn)定性，開始晃動。如果沒有 4 月亮，情況就會是這樣。

The angle of earth’s spin is constant only because the moon’s gravitational pull.地球的自轉(zhuǎn)角度能夠保持不變，完全是因為有了月球的引力拉動。

We piece together the fragment of memory to create the idea of future.我們靠收集記憶碎片去創(chuàng)造未來的想象。

It seems that a lot of unconscious brain activities going on that are shaping on your decision, and your consciousness comes in very late stage of the decisions.似乎有大量的無意識大腦活動在塑造你的決定，而你的意識在決定中表現(xiàn)得很滯后。

9.[如何實現(xiàn)生活與工作的平衡]

And the reality of the society that we’re in is there are thousands and thousands of people out there leading lives of quiet, screaming desperation, where they work long hard hours at jobs they hate to enable them to buy things they don’t need to impress people they don’t like.現(xiàn)實社會的情況是：成千上萬的人們都在平靜的絕望中煎熬。他們夜以繼日地從事他們痛恨的職業(yè)，目的是為了購買無用的商品，以博得無關(guān)痛癢的鄰人的艷羨。

If you don’t design your life, someone else will design it for you, and you may just not like their idea of balance.–To take control and responsibility for the type of lives that we want to lead by ourselves.如果你不規(guī)劃自己的生活，那么別人就會為你規(guī)劃，而他們對平衡的處理，你往往并不認(rèn)同。所以，要自己承擔(dān)起選擇自己生活軌跡的重任。

10.[美妙生活的三個秘訣]

Living with a sense of awareness of the world around you.主動感知你周遭的世界

Embracing your inner three year-old and seeing the tiny joys that make life so sweet.擁抱內(nèi)心中那個三歲的自己，意識到讓生活美好的那些小小快樂。

Being authentic to yourself-being you and being cool with that.做真實的自己，心安理得做自己。

Letting your heart lead you and putting yourself in experiences that satisfy you.順從自己的心意，讓自己置身于能讓你快樂的事務(wù)中。