第一篇：找點活翻譯答案

In the old society, artists usually had to raise a family and led a poor life.We Ping Opera actors often couldn't buy enough food because of the small wage and had to do part-time jobs after singing operas.Some pulled rickshaws;some collected rags and sold them;some sold cigarettes.It was commonplace for opera actors to be a part-time factory workers and opera actors who were also smokers always pick up cigarette butts.The rule at that time was that only when the gong was sounded which meant that the theatre opened, actors would be paid.When it was rainy or cloudy and the gong would not be sounded, actors would not be paid.After the 23rd of the lunar year when the statue of the creator of operas would be carried to the front stage and actors had to wait until the first day of the first month of the lunar year when they could open the theatre again.My family was impoverished.My father was a peddler and my mother a housewife.I was the oldest in my family and had many sisters and brothers.I was frugal at that time and always pondered how to improve harsh conditions of my family.In the morning when I went out to practice singing, I always picked up coal pellets and put them into a small basket that I took with me so that I could use them to keep the house warm.I had to be clever when I did this and change places often so that I could protect myself from those naughty boys who always picked up coal pellets in groups.They were mean when they saw girls picking up coal pellets.They would pull my braid and threw bugs on me, which frightened me so much that I would escape at the sight of them.On the twenty-third of the twelfth lunar month the Kitchen God wnt up to heaven, and the theatre shut down until New Year’s Day.When that happened, actors’pay stopped and they were hard put to it.Each had to fend for himself, and we young actresses did whatever work we could pick up, I went with some other girls to the East Asia Woollen Mill to do odd jobs like unraveling strands of wool or sweeping the floor.We had to queue up before dawn when there were still stars in the sky.A long queue formed before the mill’s gate opened.The foreman came out with a whip, as if herding cattle, and chalked a number on our backs, one by one.That number showed that we were taken on.But such small jobs were really hard to come by.Often, when we’d queued up for hours before the gate opened, after chalking a few numbers the foreman would say, “That’s all!No more hands needed!” At that we felt too disappointed for words!One summer a spell of bad weather closed down our theatre, and I went to queue up.I was lucky.Because I went early, before long I had a number chalked on my back.By the time we knocked off it was pouring with rain.As I ran home I didn’t mind being soaked.I was only worried that if the rain washed off the nubmer on my back I wouldn’t be able to go to work the next day.I frantically took off my gown, while it rained cats and dogs.Clutching my gown to my heart I flew home, and there, unfolding it, I was overjoyed to find that the number wasn’t washed out, though I was drenchd from head to foot like a drowned rat.*This was said to be the Tang emperor Minghuang, who founded the Pear Garden Company of actors.An altar for him was kept backstage, but moved to the front stage when the theatre closed.

第二篇：《活板》文言文翻譯推薦

用刻板印刷書籍，唐朝人還沒有大規(guī)模采用它。五代時才開始印刷五經(jīng)，以后的各種圖書都是雕板印刷本。下面是小編幫大家整理的《活板》文言文翻譯，希望大家喜歡。

《活板》原文

板印書籍，唐人尚未盛為之。五代時始印五經(jīng)，已后典籍皆為板本。

慶歷中有布衣畢昇（畢升），又為活板。其法：用膠泥刻字，薄如錢唇，每字為一印，火燒令堅。先設一鐵板，其上以松脂、蠟和紙灰之類冒之。欲印，則以一鐵范置鐵板上，乃密布字印，滿鐵范為一板，持就火煬之，藥稍熔，則以一平板按其面，則字平如砥。若止印三二本，未為簡易；若印數(shù)十百千本，則極為神速。常作二鐵板，一板印刷，一板已自布字，此印者才畢，則第二板已具，更互用之，瞬息可就。每一字皆有數(shù)印，如“之”“也”等字，每字有二十余印，以備一板內(nèi)有重復者。不用，則以紙?zhí)宽崬橐惶?，木格貯之。有奇字素無備者，旋刻之，以草火燒，瞬息可成。不以木為之者，文理有疏密，沾水則高下不平，兼與藥相粘，不可?。徊蝗綮芡?，用訖再火令藥熔，以手拂之，其印自落，殊不沾污。

昇死，其印為予群從所得，至今保藏。

字詞翻譯

板印書籍：用雕版印刷書籍。板印，用雕版、模板印刷。

盛為之：大規(guī)模地做這種事。之，指“板印書籍”。盛，大規(guī)模地。為，做。

五代：指唐以后的后梁、后唐、后晉、后漢、后周等五個朝代。始，才。

五經(jīng)：儒學的經(jīng)典，指《易經(jīng)》、《尚書》、《詩經(jīng)》、《禮記》、《春秋》。漢后合稱《五經(jīng)》。

已后：即“以后”。已，同“以”。

典籍：泛指各種重要（文獻）書籍。

板本：板印的本子。

慶歷：宋仁宗年號（1041—1048）。

布衣：平民。這里指沒有做官的讀書人。古代平民穿麻布衣服，所以稱布衣。

其：其，代詞。做活板的方法。

錢唇：銅錢的邊緣。

?。河∧?、字印。

令堅：使……堅硬。

和（huò）：混合。

以：用。

冒：蒙、蓋。

欲：想。

范：框子。

持就火煬（yáng）之：把它拿到火上烤。就，靠近。煬，烤。

藥：指上文說的松脂、蠟等物。

字平如砥（dǐ）：字印像磨刀石那樣平。砥：磨刀石。

止：同“只”。

未為簡易：不能算是簡便。

數(shù)十百千：幾十乃至百、千。

自：別自，另外。

具：準備好。

更（gēng）互：交替、輪流。

以：用來。

以紙?zhí)╰iě）之：用紙條給它做標記。帖，用標簽標出。

每韻為一帖(tiè)，木格貯（zhù）之：每一個韻部的字做一個標簽，用木格子把它存放起來。韻，指韻部。帖，標簽，名詞。唐宋時，人們按照詩歌押韻的規(guī)律，把漢字分為206韻，后來又合并為106韻。

奇（jī）字：寫法特殊，或生僻、不常用的字。

旋：隨即，很快地。

不以木為之者：不用木頭刻活字的原因。

文理：紋理，質(zhì)地。

兼：又。

不可取：拿不下來。

燔（fán）土：指火燒過的黏土字印。燔：燒。

訖（qì）：終了，完畢。

拂（fú）：擦拭，撣去。

殊不：一點也不。

予：我。

群從（cóng）：堂兄弟及侄子輩。

《活板》全文翻譯

用雕版印刷書籍，唐朝人還沒有大規(guī)模地做這種事。五代時才開始用雕版印五經(jīng)，此后，重要書籍都是版印出來的。

慶歷年間，有個平民叫畢昇（畢升），又發(fā)明了活版印刷。它的辦法是：用黏土來刻字模，（字模）薄得跟銅錢的邊緣一樣，每個字刻一個字模，用火燒使它堅硬。先設置一塊鐵板，在上面用松脂、蠟混合紙灰這類東西覆蓋著。想印的時候，在鐵板上放一個鐵框子，（然后）就密密地排滿字模，排滿了就成為一版，（再）把它靠近火邊烤，（等到）松脂和蠟稍稍熔化，就用一塊平板放在版面上往下一壓，字印像磨刀石那樣平。如果只印兩三本，還不算簡便；如果印幾十甚至成百上千本，那就極其快了。通常做兩塊鐵板，這一塊印刷，另一塊已經(jīng)另外在排字了，這一塊剛剛印完，那一塊已經(jīng)準備好，兩塊交替使用，在極短的時間里就可以印完。每一個字都備有幾個字模，像“之”“也”等字，每一個字都有二十多個字印，用來防備它們在一版內(nèi)有重復的。不用的時候，就用紙條給它做標記，每一個韻部的字做一個標簽，用木格子把它存放起來。遇到平時沒有準備的生僻字，立即刻制，用草燒火烘烤，一會兒就能制成。不用木頭刻活字的原因是，木的紋理疏密不勻，一沾水就會變得高低不平，再加上跟松脂等粘在一起，（卸版時）拿不下來；不像用膠泥燒制的字印，印完后再用火一烤，使藥物（松脂等物）熔化，用手一抹，字印自然就掉了下來，一點也不會被藥物（松脂等物）弄臟。

畢昇（畢升）死后，那些字模被我的堂兄弟和侄子輩們得到，到現(xiàn)在依然被珍藏著。

第三篇：翻譯答案

Unit 1If you ask me, taking a second major isn’t good for every undergraduate.In my freshman year as an English major, I took economics as my minor.By all odds, I was the most hard-working student in my class.But try as I might to meet the requirements of the two different subjects, I still couldn’t do well enough to pass all the exams.Given that the study of economics required a good command of mathematics, I had to spend so much time on math that I neglected my English.。Failing English Literature and Macro-economics in the second semester sounded the alarm for me.This was the first time I did not pass a course in my life, which had greatly sapped my confidence.Although I was not a man who would easily bow to fate, as the summer break came to a close, I decided to give up economics for fear that I would fail in both subjects.Now that I had only one subject to attend to, everything seemed to be on the right track again.Unit 3 What you wear seems to dictate your behaviour.Take primary school and high school students for example.One of the hard and fast rules they have to observe is that they must wear uniforms at school.There is no doubt that school uniforms would not have achieved their currency without a symbolic correlation between the uniformity of clothes and the students’ conformity to some common code of conduct.However, after years of school life, there is always a backlash secretly nursed in the students’ mind against the ubiquitous uniform which suppresses the expression of individuality.To compensate for this loss, students usually wear more casual and popular clothes on weekends.It is not until they start university, however, that they can really enjoy the freedom of dress, an anarchy associated with the cultivation of creativity and the encouragement of free expression of ideas and talents.But this situation won’t obtain for long.After a relatively short time of liberty, they may experience again the revived pressure of dress code as soon as they become professionals.Unit 5Our presumptions about what ideal husbands or wives are like reveal a lot about our gender expectations as well as our responses to them.If most girls want their fiancés to be tough, capable and reliable, there is no option left for young men other than to be trained as tough, capable and reliable if they want to win girls’ heart.If they act to the contrary, they will most probably bemoan their bachelor’s status for the rest of their lives.Following the same unwritten rule, if most boys expect their fiancées to be caring, patient and faithful more than anything else, girls are prone to let on that they will become faithful wives and loving mothers even if they are not the type.Looking into such gender expectations, we may find that they are based on both physiological and social factors.It goes without saying that women are physically prepared to bear children, whereas men are utterly unfit for the job.Therefore, a family is better-off when its male members devote their time to providing food and other necessities for it.Unit 7In the graduation ceremony, Thomas Clark, a veteran CTO of a renowned IT company, offers some important advice to 140 computer science majors who aspire to pursue a successful career in IT.In his opinion, information technology is not just about assembling machines and devices;it is a domain where innovation plays the key role.So naturally IT workers have to endure great pressure in their work as they need to come up with new ideas on a daily basis.But Clark also points out that the ultimate goal of IT business is profit.If you want to succeed in this business, you need to keep in mind that innovation is not synonymous with individualism.It is noticeable that because of arrogance and poor communication skill many gifted young men didn’t realize their potential, thus failed to achieve success.Clark emphasizes that you must learn to cooperate with people from different departments, and only thus can your talent blossom by creating products that will be accepted by the market.Unit9In the last couple of decades, there have always been people who believe that simplified characters, a product of the radical reform of Chinese language, fail to retain the essence of our traditional culture.From their point of view, it’s disgraceful that so many Chinese cannot read traditional characters.Some even argue that simplified characters are a defective system of language and using them makes Chinese people dumb, and that our civilization has reached a stage where we have to go back to traditional Chinese characters to save our national culture in decline.But those in favor of traditional characters are unable to provide sufficient evidence for their assertions.They also forget an important point: In ancient China the complexity of traditional characters created a rift between the educated and the uneducated, while the simplified characters have helped hundreds of millions of people become literate, and to a certain extent blurred the boundaries between the educated elite and the ordinary public.If we went back to traditional characters, it would be very likely to infringe on the majority’s right to education and damage the unity of Chinese society.

第四篇：翻譯練習+答案

翻譯練習

1．我們必須不斷學習，這樣才能與時俱進。(so that)

2．意大利足球隊非常強調(diào)團隊精神，這是他們贏得世界杯的關鍵。(1ay emphasis on)

3．她不聲不響離家出走，使她的父母心煩意亂。(without)

4．小男孩對展覽會上的那輛汽車很著迷。(fascinate)

5．使劉翔迷們感到興奮的是，劉翔在瑞士洛桑創(chuàng)造了12秒88的男子110米欄的世界紀錄。(To?)

1.We should/ must continue to learn more so that we can keep pace/up with the development of times.2.The Italian Football Team laid great emphasis on team spirit, which was the key to winning the World Cup.3.Her leaving home without saying a word upset her parents.4.The little boy was fascinated by the car on the exhibition.5.To his fan’s excitement, Liu Xiang set a new world record of 12.88 seconds in the men’s 110-metre hurdles in Lausanne, Switzerland.我最后一次看見杰克的時候，他一個人在街上走。(The last time)

7．幾乎每一個人都承認犯罪不可能被徹底消滅。(the fact，wipe out)

8．如果公眾失去了對這家公司的信任，那么他們的銷售會下降得很快。(1ost trust)

9．給我印象最深的是磁懸浮列車的速度是多么的快啊。(impress，magnetic suspension train)

10．我爸爸不愿用新手機來替換他那只磨損不堪的老手機。(substitute)

6.The last time I saw Jack, he was walking down the street alone.7.Almost everyone accepts the fact that crime can never be wiped put entirely.8.If the public lose trust in the company, sales will fall sharply.9.What impressed me most is how fast the speed of a magnetic suspension train is.10.My father isn’t willing to substitute the new cell phone for his worn-out one.11．盡管天氣很寒冷，學生們還是在6點正準時出操。(Despite)

12．每個人，不管是年輕人還是老年人都應銘記“驕者必敗”。(keep)

13．雖然他們是好朋友，但他不愿意幫助修理電腦。(reluctant)

14．那位臉色蒼白的婦女站在大樓頂上，這使在場的人都很擔心。(at the top of)

15．他必定是這次競賽中最可能獲獎的學生。(likely)

11.Despite the cold weather, the students did morning exercises at 6 o’clock sharp.12.Everyone, young or old, must keep in mind that pride goes before a fall.13.Though they are close friends, he is reluctant to help fix the computer.14.At the top of the building stood a woman whose face was pale, which frightened everyone on the scene.15.He is sure to be the most likely student to win the prize in the competition.16在我陷于困境時，對于你的幫助我表示萬分感激。(grateful)

17．這所學校在藝術教育方面建立了很好的聲譽。(reputation)

18．她放棄了這次機會僅僅是因為缺少足夠的錢。(1ack)

19．這個到2009年末完成的項目將使我們在半個小時內(nèi)就能到達杭州。(不定式)

20．那男孩是如此的調(diào)皮，他奶奶對他束手無策。(so?that)

16.I’m deeply grateful to you for your help, when I was in trouble.17.The school has built up a good reputation in art education.18.She gave up the chance merely because of her lacking enough money.19.The project to be accomplished by the end of 2009 will enable us to reach Hangzhou in 30 minutes.20.The boy was so naughty that his grandmother didn’t know how to deal with him.21．你說的也就是我所想的。(what)

22．不管他父親是否同意，他將選擇教師作為他的職業(yè)。(whether)

23．根據(jù)他提供的線索，警察很快抓到了逃犯。(according)

24．當你們到達那里時，你們會知道他發(fā)生了什么事。(the moment)

25．不要把今天的事留到明天做。(名詞性從句)

39.may just as well stay at home

40.stain the new carpet

41.didn??t do anything

42.play indispensable roles

43.Even so

44.are being developed

45.remembering all my life

46.lose contact with

47.second only to

48.such fine weather

49.have never resorted to

50.not to speak of/not to mention/let alone going abroad

51.delaying making

52.should adapt himself to

53.to hearing your story again

54.is now being turned

55.Could you take a blank sheet of paper?

第五篇：論語翻譯答案

一、弟子問仁

1.子貢道：“假如有這么一個人，廣泛地給人民以好處，又能幫助大家生活得很好，怎么樣？可以說是仁道了嗎？”孔子道：“哪里僅是仁道，那一定是圣道了！堯舜或者都難以做到哩！仁是什么呢？自己要站得住，同時也使別人站得住；自己要事事行得通，同時也使別人事事行得通。能夠就眼下的事實選擇例子一步步去做，可以說是實踐仁道的方法了?！?/p>

2.顏淵問仁德?？鬃拥溃骸耙种谱约?，使言語行動都合于禮，就是仁。一旦這樣做到了，天下的人都會稱許你是仁人。實踐仁德，全憑自己，還憑別人嗎？”

顏淵道：“請問行動的綱領?！笨鬃拥溃骸安缓隙Y的事不看，不合禮的話不聽，不合禮的話不說，不合禮的事不做?！?/p>

顏淵道：“我雖然遲鈍，也要實行您的話?！?/p>

3.仲弓問仁德?？鬃拥溃骸俺鲩T（工作）好像要去接待貴賓，役使百姓好像去承當大祀典，（都得嚴肅認真，小心謹慎。）自己所不喜歡的事物，就不強加于別人。在工作崗位上不對工作有怨恨，就是不在工作崗位上也沒有怨恨。”

二、立身處世 1.孔子說：“我十五歲，有志于學問；三十歲，（懂禮儀，）說話做事都有把握；四十歲，（掌握了各種知識，）不致迷惑；五十歲，得知天命；六十歲，一聽別人言語，便可以分別真假，判明是非；到了七十歲，便隨心所欲，任何念頭不越出規(guī)矩。” 2.曾子說：“可以把幼小的孤兒和國家的命脈都交付給他，面臨安危存亡的緊要關頭，卻不動搖屈服——這種人，是君子人嗎？是君子人啊?！?3.曾子說：“讀書人不可以不剛強而又毅力，因為他負擔沉重，路程遙遠。以實現(xiàn)仁德于天下為己任，不也沉重嗎？到死方休，不也遙遠嗎？” 4.孔子說：“年少的人是可怕的，怎能斷定他的將來趕不上現(xiàn)在的人呢？一個人到了四、五十歲還沒有什么名望，也就不值得懼怕了?！?5.孔子說：“一國軍隊，可以使它喪失主帥；一個男子漢，卻不能強迫他放棄主張?！?6.孔子說：“天冷了，才曉得松柏樹是最后落葉的?！?/p>

三、發(fā)奮進取 1.2.孔子說：“早晨得知真理，要我當晚死去，都可以?！?/p>

孔子說：“看見賢人，便應該想向他看齊；看見不賢的人，便應該自己反省，（有沒有同他類似的毛病。）” 3.宰予在白天睡覺?？鬃诱f：“腐爛了的木頭雕刻不得，糞土似的墻壁粉刷不得；對于宰予么，責備什么呀?！庇终f：“最初，我對人家，聽到他的話就相信他的行為；今天，我對人家，聽到了他的話，卻要考察他的行為。從宰予的事件以后，我改變了態(tài)度?！?/p>

4.葉公向子路問孔子為人怎么樣，子路不回答?？鬃訉ψ勇返溃骸澳銥槭裁床贿@樣說：他的為人，用功便忘記吃飯，快樂便忘記憂愁，不曉得衰老會要來到，如此罷了?！?/p>

5.孔子說：“好比堆土成山，只要再加一筐土便成山了，如果懶得做下去，這是我自己停止的。又好比在平地上堆土成山，縱是剛剛倒下一筐土，如果決心努力前進，還是要自己堅持呵！”

四、知其不可而為之 1.楚國的狂人接輿一面走過孔子的車子，一面唱著歌，道：“鳳凰呀，鳳凰呀！為什么這么倒霉？過去的不能再挽回，未來的還可追得上（不再著迷）。算了吧，算了吧！現(xiàn)在的執(zhí)政諸公危乎其危！”

孔子下車，想同他談談，他卻趕快避開了，孔子、沒法同他談。

五、君子三戒

1.子禽向子貢問道：“他老人家一到哪個國家，必然聽得到那個國家的政事，求來的呢，還是別人主動告訴他的呢?”子貢道：“他老人家是靠溫和、善良、嚴肅、節(jié)儉、謙遜來取得的。他老人家獲得的方法，和別人獲得的方法，不相同吧？”

2.孔子說：“發(fā)大財，做大官，這是人人所盼望的；不用正當?shù)姆椒ㄈサ玫剿?，君子不接受。窮困和下賤，這是人人所厭惡的；不用正當?shù)姆椒ㄈ伒羲?，君子不擺脫。君子拋棄了仁德，就是在倉促匆忙的時候一定和仁德同在，就是在顛沛流離的時候一定和仁德同在?！?/p>

3.孔子說：“君子有三件事情應該警惕戒備：年輕的時候，血氣未定，便要警戒，莫迷戀女色；等到壯大了，血氣正旺盛，便要警戒，莫好勝喜斗；等到年老了，血氣已經(jīng)衰弱，便要警戒，莫貪求無厭?！?/p>

六、樂在其中

1.孔子說：“君子，吃食不要求飽足，居住不要求舒適，對工作勤勞敏捷，說話卻謹慎，到有道的人那里去匡正自己，這樣，可以說是好學了?！?/p>

2.孔子說：“（對于任何學問和事業(yè)，）懂得它的人不如喜愛它的人，喜愛它的人又不如以它為樂的人?！?/p>

3.孔子說：“聰明人樂于水，仁人樂于山。聰明人活動，仁人沉靜。聰明人快樂，仁人長壽。” 4.孔子說：“吃粗糧，喝冷水，彎著胳膊做枕頭，也有著樂趣。干不正當?shù)氖露脕淼母毁F，我看來好像浮云?！?/p>

七、行己有恥

1.孔子說：“花言巧語，偽善的容貌，十足的恭順，這種態(tài)度，左丘明認為可恥，我也認為可恥。內(nèi)心藏著怨恨，表面上卻同他要好，這種行為，左丘明認為可恥，我也認為可恥?！?/p>

2.孔子對顏淵道：“用我呢，就干起來；不用呢，就藏起來。只有我和你才能這樣吧?！?/p>

子路道：“您若率領軍隊，找誰共事？” 孔子道：“赤手空拳和老虎搏斗，不用船只去渡河，這樣死了都不后悔的人，我是不和他共事的。（我所找他共事的，）一定是面臨任務便恐懼謹慎，善于謀略而能完成的人哩?！?/p>

3.曾子說：“有能力卻向無能力的人請教，知識豐富卻向知識缺少的人請教；有學問像沒學問一樣，滿腹知識像空無所有一樣；縱被欺侮，也不計較——從前我的一位朋友便曾這樣做了?！?/p>

4.孔子說：“堅定地相信我們的道，努力學習它，誓死保全它。不進入危險的國家，不居住禍亂的國家。天下太平，就出來工作；不太平，就隱居。政治清明，自己貧賤，是恥辱；政治黑暗，自己富貴，也是恥辱?！?/p>

5.孔子說：“說得多，做得少，君子以為恥?！?/p>

八、君子坦蕩蕩

1.孔子說：“君子懷念道德，小人懷念想吐；君子關心法度，小人關心恩惠?！?/p>

2.孔子說：“君子懂得的是義，小人懂得的是利?！?3．

孔子說：“君子心地平坦寬廣，小人卻經(jīng)常局促憂愁?！?/p>

4．孔子說：“君子所行的三件事，我一件也沒能做到：仁德的人不憂慮，智慧的人不迷惑，勇敢的人不懼怕?！弊迂暤溃骸斑@正是他老人家對自己的敘述哩?！?/p>

5.有人對孔子說：“拿恩惠來報答怨恨，怎么樣？”孔子道：“拿什么來酬答恩惠呢？拿公平正直來回答怨恨，拿恩惠來酬答恩惠?！?/p>

6.子貢說：“君子的過失好比日蝕月蝕：錯誤的時候，每個人都看得見；更改的時候，每個人都仰望著?！?/p>

九、言而有信

1.曾子說：“我每天多次自己反?。禾鎰e人辦事是否盡心竭力了呢？同朋友往來是否誠實呢？老師傳授的學業(yè)是否復習了呢？”

2.子夏說：“對妻子，重品德，不重容貌；侍奉爹娘，能盡心竭力；服事君上，能豁出生命；同朋友交往，說話誠實守信。這種人，雖說沒學習過，我一定說他已經(jīng)學習過了?！?/p>

3.孔子說：“作為一個人，卻不講信譽，不知那怎么可以。譬如大車子沒有安恒木的輗，小車子沒有安橫木的軏，如何能走呢?”

十、交友之道

1.孔子說：“君子，如果不莊重，就沒有威嚴；即使讀書，所學的也不會鞏固。要以忠和信兩種道德為主。不要跟不如自己的人交朋友。有了過錯，就不要怕改正?！?/p>

2.孔子說：“有益的朋友三種，有害的朋友三種。同正直的人，同信實的人交友，同見聞廣博的人交友，便有益了。同諂媚奉承的人交友，同當面恭維背面毀謗的人交友，同夸夸其談的人交友，便有害了?！?/p>

3.孔子說：“有益的快樂三種，有害的快樂三種。以得到禮樂的調(diào)節(jié)為快樂，以宣揚別人的好處為快樂，以游蕩忘返為快樂，以飲食荒淫為快樂，便有害了。”

十一、行而有禮 1.林放問禮的本質(zhì)。孔子說：“你的問題意義重大??！就一般禮儀說，與其鋪張浪費，寧可樸素簡約；就喪禮說，與其儀文周到，寧可過度悲哀?！?2.孔子說：“君子廣泛地學習文獻，再用禮來加以約束，也就可以不至于離經(jīng)叛道了?！?/p>

3.葉公告訴孔子道：“我那里有個坦白直率的人，他父親偷了羊，他便告發(fā)?！笨鬃拥溃骸拔覀兡抢锾拱字甭实娜撕湍銈兊牟煌焊赣H替兒子隱瞞，兒子替父親隱瞞——直率就在這里面?！?/p>

4.原壤兩腿像八字一樣張開坐在地上，等著孔子?？鬃恿R道：“你幼小時候不懂禮節(jié)，長大了毫無貢獻，老了還白吃糧食，真是個害人精?！闭f完，用拐杖敲了敲他的小腿。

十二、君臣父子 1.孔子說：“當他父親活著，（因為他無權獨立行動），要觀察他的志向；他父親死了，要考察他的行為；若是他對他父親的合理部分，長期地不加改變，可以說做到孝了?！?/p>

2.孟懿子向孔子問孝道?？鬃诱f：“不要違背禮節(jié)?！辈痪茫t替孔子趕車子，孔子便告訴他說：“孟孫向我問孝道，我答復說，不要違背禮節(jié)?！狈t道：“這是什么意思？”孔子道：“父母活著，依規(guī)定的禮節(jié)侍奉他們；死了，依規(guī)定的禮節(jié)埋葬他們，祭祀他們?！?/p>

3.子游問孝道?？鬃诱f：“現(xiàn)在的所謂孝，就是說能夠養(yǎng)活爹娘就行了。對于狗馬都能夠得到飼養(yǎng)；若不存心嚴肅地孝順父母，那養(yǎng)活爹娘和飼養(yǎng)狗馬怎樣去分別呢？”

4.子夏問孝道。孔子道：“兒子在父母前經(jīng)常有愉悅的容色，是件難事。有事情，年輕人效勞；有酒有肴，年長的人吃喝，難道這竟可認為是孝嗎？”

5.孔子說：“侍奉父母，（如果他們有不對的地方，）得輕微婉轉(zhuǎn)地勸止，看到自己的心意沒有被聽從，仍然恭敬地不觸犯他們，雖然憂愁，但不怨恨。”

十三、敏而好學

1.子貢問道：“孔文子憑什么謚他為‘文’？”孔子道：“他聰敏靈活，愛好學問，又謙虛下問，不以為恥，所以用‘文’字做他的謚號?！?/p>

2.孔子說：“品德不培養(yǎng)，學問不講習，聽到義在那里，卻不能親身赴之，有缺點不能改正，這些都是我憂慮哩!” 3.孔子說：“做學問好像（追逐什么似的）生怕趕不上；（趕上了）還生怕丟掉了?！?/p>

4.子貢問孔子：“顓孫師和卜商兩個人，誰強一些？”孔子道：“師呢，有些過分，商呢，有些趕不上?！弊迂暤溃骸澳敲?，師強一些嗎？”孔子道：“過分和趕不上同樣不好。” 5.子夏說：“每天知道所未知的，每月復習所已能的，可以說是好學的?！?/p>

十四、切問而近思

1.孔子說：“考察一個人所結(jié)交的朋友；觀察他為達到一定目的所采用的方式方法；了解他的心情，安于什么，不安于什么。那么，這個人怎樣隱藏得住呢？這個人怎樣隱藏得住呢？”

2.孔子說：“批判那些不正確的議論，禍害就可以消滅了?！?/p>

3.孔子說：“（把所見所聞的）默默地記在心里，努力學習而不厭棄，教導別人而不疲倦，這些事情我做到了哪些呢？”

4.子貢問怎樣去培養(yǎng)仁德。孔子道：“工人要搞好他的工作，一定要先搞好他的工具。我們住在一個國家，就要敬奉那些大官中的賢人，結(jié)交那些士人中的仁人?！?5.子夏說：“廣泛地學習，堅守自己的志趣；懇切地發(fā)問，多考慮當前的問題，仁德就在這中間了。”

十五、君子博學

1.孔子說：“讓我多活幾年，到五十歲時候去學習易經(jīng)，便可以沒有大過錯了?！?/p>

2.孔子不談怪異、勇力、叛亂和鬼神。

3.孔子用四種內(nèi)容教育學生：歷代文獻，社會生活的實踐，對待別人的忠心，與人交際的信實。4.衛(wèi)國的公孫朝向子貢問道：“孔仲尼的學問是從哪里學來的呢？”子貢道：“周文王武王之道，并沒有失傳，散在人間。賢能的人便抓住大處，不賢能的人就只抓些末節(jié)。沒有地方?jīng)]有文王武王之道。我的老師何處不學，又為什么要有一定的老師，專門的傳授呢？”

十六、不學詩無以言 1.孔子說：“詩經(jīng)三百篇，用一句話來概括它，就是‘思想純正’?！?2.魯哀公問：“你的學生中，哪個好學？”孔子答道：“有一個叫顏回的人好學，不拿別人出氣；也不再犯同樣的過失。不幸短命死了，現(xiàn)在再沒有這樣的人了，再也沒有聽過好學的人了?！?3.孔子到了（子游做縣長的）武城，聽到了彈琴瑟唱詩歌的聲音?？鬃游⑽⑿χ?，說道：“宰雞，何必用宰牛的刀呢？（治理這個小地方，用得著教育嗎？）”

子游答道：“以前我聽老師說過，做官的學習了，就會有仁愛之心；老百姓學習了，就容易聽指揮，聽使喚。（教育總是有用的。）”

孔子便向?qū)W生們道：“你們啊，言偃這話是正確的。我剛才那句話不過同他開玩笑罷了。”

4.孔子說：“學生們?yōu)槭裁礇]有研究詩？讀詩，可以培養(yǎng)聯(lián)想力，可以提高觀察力，可以鍛煉合群性，可以學得諷刺方法。近呢，可以運用其中的道理來侍奉父母；遠呢，可以用來服事君上，而且多多認識鳥獸草木的名稱。” 5.孔子對伯魚說道：“你研究過周南和召南了嗎？人假若不研究周南和召南，那會像正面對著墻壁而站著吧?！?/p>