第一篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀第三冊(cè) Unit 5 The Day Mother Cried

A mother and her son learn more form a moment of defeat than they ever could from a victory.Her example of never giving up gives him courage for the rest of his life.UNIT 5 The Day Mother Cried

Coming home from school that dark winter's day so long ago, I was filled with anticipation.I had a new issue of my favorite sports magazine tucked under my arm, and the house to myself.Dad was at work, my sister was away, and Mother wouldn't be home from her new job for an hour.I bounded up the steps, burst into the living room and flipped on a light.I was shocked into stillness by what I saw.Mother, pulled into a tight ball with her face in her hands, sat at the far end of the couch.She was crying.I had never seen her cry.I approached cautiously and touched her shoulder.“Mother?” I said “What's happened?”

She took a long breath and managed a weak smile.“It's nothing, really.Nothing important.Just than I'm going to lose this new job.I can't type fast enough.”

“But you've only been there three days,” I said.“You'll catch on.” I was repeating a line she had spoken to me a hundred times when I was having trouble learning or doing something important to me.“No.” she said sadly.“I always said I could do anything I set my mind to, and I still think I can in most things.But I can't do this.”

I felt helpless and out of place.At age 16 I still assumed Mother could do anything.Some years before, when we sold our ranch and moved to town, Mother had decided to open a day nursery.She had had no training, but that didn't stand in her way.She sent away for correspondence courses in child care, did the lessons and in six months formally qualified herself for the task.It wasn't long before she had a full enrollment and a waiting list.I accepted all this as a perfectly normal instance of Mother's ability.But neither the nursery nor the motel my parents bought later had provided enough income to send my sister and me to college.In two years I would be ready for college.In three more my sister would want to go.Time was running out, and Mother was frantic for ways to save money.It was clear that Dad could do no more than he was doing already——farming 80 acres in addition to holding a fulltime job.A few months after we'd sold the motel, Mother arrived home with a use typewriter.It skipped between certain letters and the keyboard was soft.At dinner that night I pronounced the machine a “piece of junk.”

“That's all we can afford,” mother said.“It's good enough to learn on.” And from that day on, as soon as the table was cleared and the dishes were done, Mother would disappear into her sewing room to practice.The slow tap, tap, tap went on some nights until midnight.It was nearly Christmas when I heard Mother got a job at the radio station.I was not the least bit surprised, or impressed.But she was ecstatic.Monday, after her first day at work, I could see that the excitement was gone.Mother looked tired and drawn.I responded by ignoring her.Tuesday, Dad made dinner and cleaned the kitchen.Mother stayed in her sewing room, practicing.“Is Mother all right?” I asked Dad.“She's having a little trouble with her typing,” he said.“She needs to practice.I think she'd appreciate it if we all helped out a bit more.”

“I already do a lot,” I said, immediately on guard.“I know you do,” Dad said evenly.“And you may have to do more.You might just remember

that she is working primarily so you can go to college.”

I honestly didn't care.I wished she would just forget the whole thing.My shock and embarrassment at finding Mother in tears on Wednesday was a perfect index of how little I understood the pressures on her.Sitting beside her on the couch, I began very slowly to understand.“I guess we al have to fail sometime,” Mother said quietly.I could sense her pain and the tension of holding back the strong emotions that were interrupted by my arrival.Suddenly, something inside me turned.I reached out and put my arms around her.She broke then.She put her face against my shoulder and sobbed.I help her close and didn't try to talk.I knew I was doing what I should, what I could, and that it was enough.In that moment, feeling Mother's back racked with emotion, I understood for the first time her vulnerability.She was still my mother, but she was something more: a person like me, capable of fear and hurt and failure.I could feel her pain as she must have felt mine on a thousand occasions when I had sought comfort in her arms.A week later Mother took a job selling dry goods at half the salary the radio station had offered.“It's a job I can do,” she said simply.But the evening practice sessions on the old green typewriter continued.I had a very different feeling now when I passed her door at night and heard her tapping away.I knew there was something more going on in there than a woman learning to type.When I left for college two years later, Mother had an office job with better pay and more responsibility.I have to believe that in some strange way she learned as much from her moment of defeat as I did, because several years later, when I had finished school and proudly accepted a job as a newspaper reporter, she had already been a journalist with our hometown paper for six months.The old green typewriter sits in my office now, unrepaired.It is a memento, but what it recalls for me is not quite what if recalled for Mother.When I'm having trouble with a story and think about giving up or when I start to feel sorry for myself and think things should be easier for me, I roll a piece of paper into that cranky old machine and type, word by painful word, just the way mother did.What I remember then is not her failure, but her courage, the courage to go ahead.It's the best memento anyone ever gave me.

第二篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀第三冊(cè)

Passage One A couple of years ago I spent the day at an elementary school in New Jersey.It was a nice average school, a square and solid building, full of reasonably well-behaved kids from middle-class families.I handled three classes, and by the time I staggered out the door I wanted to lie down for the rest of the day.Teaching's the toughest job there is.In his new memoir, “Teacher Man,” Frank McCourt recalls telling his students, “Teaching is harder than working on docks and warehouses.” Not to mention writing a column.I can stare off into the middle distance with my chin(下巴)in my hand any time.But you go mentally south for five minutes in front of a class of fifth graders, and you are sunk.The average new teacher today makes just under $30,000 a year, which may not look too bad for a twenty-something with no mortgage(抵押貸款)and no kids.But soon enough the new teachers realize that they can make more money and not work anywhere near as hard elsewhere.After a lifetime of hearing the old legends about cushy(舒適安逸的)hours and summer vacations, they figure out that early mornings are for students who need extra help, evenings are for test corrections and lesson plans, and weekends and summers are for second and even third jobs to try to pay the bills.According to the Department of Education, one in every five teachers leaves after the first year, and almost twice as many leave within three.If any business had that rate of turnover, someone would do something smart and strategic to fix it.This isn't any business.It's the most important business around, the gardeners of the landscape of the human race.Unfortunately, the current way of dealing with problems in education is taken directly from business practice, and it's a terrible fit.Instead of simply acknowledging that starting salaries are woefully low and committing to increasing them and finding the money for reasonable recurring raises, politicians have wasted decades talking about something called merit pay(獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)工資).It's a concept that works fine if you're making toys, but kids aren't toys, and good teaching isn't an assembly line.26.What can we infer from the first paragraph about teachers? 1“>They have to teach three classes at a time.2”>They have a very rewarding job.3“>They prefer to teach children from middle-class families.4”>They have a very hard job to do.27.Why does the author say teaching is tougher than writing a column? 1“>Teaching is like working on docks and warehouses.2”>Teaching demands full attention.3“>Teachers have to work with children.4”>Teachers have no chance to go traveling.28.What do new teachers find out after some practice? 1“>Their starting salary is lower than offered by other occupations.2”>They have to work during vacations to make ends meet.3“>They have to plan their time well to get everything done.4”>They can take a second or even a third job besides teaching.29.We can infer from the fourth paragraph that the author thinks __________.1“>measures should be taken to keep teachers in their jobs 2”>the rate of turnover in teaching is low compared to other occupations 3“>it's natural for a number of teachers to quit in three to five years 4”>it's fair to call teachers the gardeners of the landscape of the human race 30.What does the author think of merit pay? 1“>It will make up for teachers' low starting salaries.2”>It will bring down the turnover rate of teachers.3“>It is a good fix for current educational problems.4”>It is not suitable for the teaching profession.幾年前,我花了一整天在新澤西的一所小學(xué)。這是一個(gè)很好的學(xué)校,平均一個(gè)正方形和堅(jiān)實(shí)的建筑,充滿(mǎn)了合理行為端正的來(lái)自中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭的孩子。我處理了三個(gè)類(lèi),我交錯(cuò)的時(shí)候出了門(mén)我想躺下休息的一天。教學(xué)是最艱難的工作。在他新出版的回憶錄中寫(xiě)道,“老師的人,”弗蘭克?麥考特回憶說(shuō)告訴他的學(xué)生,“教學(xué)是比在碼頭和倉(cāng)庫(kù)工作?！案挥谜f(shuō)寫(xiě)一個(gè)專(zhuān)欄。我可以用我的下巴凝視到中間的距離(下巴)在我的手。但你精神上南走五分鐘前的五年級(jí)學(xué)生,你沉沒(méi)了。新老師今天讓平均每年不到30000美元,這可能不是太糟糕了尋找一個(gè)二十來(lái)歲,沒(méi)有抵押貸款(抵押貸款),也沒(méi)有孩子。但很快新教師意識(shí)到他們可以賺更多的錢(qián),而不是工作接近其他地方一樣硬。一生的聽(tīng)證會(huì)后老傳說(shuō)輕松(舒適安逸的)時(shí)間和暑假,他們指出,早期的早晨是學(xué)生需要額外的幫助,晚上為測(cè)試修正和教案,周末和暑假是第二個(gè),甚至第三個(gè)工作來(lái)支付賬單。根據(jù)教育部,每五個(gè)老師離開(kāi)后第一年,幾乎兩倍在三個(gè)之內(nèi)離開(kāi)。如果任何業(yè)務(wù),周轉(zhuǎn)率,有人會(huì)做一些聰明的和戰(zhàn)略來(lái)解決它。這不是任何業(yè)務(wù)。這是最重要的業(yè)務(wù),人類(lèi)的景觀的園丁。不幸的是,當(dāng)前的處理問(wèn)題方式在教育是直接取自商業(yè)實(shí)踐,這是一個(gè)可怕的健康。而不是簡(jiǎn)單地承認(rèn),可悲的是起薪低且致力于增加他們,找到錢(qián)合理的重復(fù)提出,政客們已經(jīng)浪費(fèi)了幾十年談?wù)撍^績(jī)效工資(獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)工資)。這是一個(gè)概念,如果你制作玩具沒(méi)問(wèn)題,但是孩子不是玩具,良好的教學(xué)并不是一個(gè)生產(chǎn)線。

26歲。第一段,我們能從中推斷出什么老師? 1 “ >他們教三個(gè)類(lèi)。” >他們有一個(gè)很有成就感的工作。3 >他們喜歡教來(lái)自中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭的孩子。4 “ >他們有一個(gè)非常困難的工作要做。27。為什么作者說(shuō)教學(xué)是比寫(xiě)專(zhuān)欄嗎? 1 ” >教學(xué)是在碼頭和倉(cāng)庫(kù)工作。2 “ >教學(xué)要求充分重視。3 >老師和孩子們工作。4 ” >教師沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)去旅行。28。新教師一些練習(xí)后發(fā)現(xiàn)什么? 1 “ >他們的起薪低于其他職業(yè)提供的。2 ” >他們必須工作在假期來(lái)維持生計(jì)。3 >他們必須計(jì)劃時(shí)間完成一切?！?>他們可以接受第二個(gè)甚至第三個(gè)工作除了教學(xué)。29。我們可以推斷出從第四段作者認(rèn)為_(kāi)_________。1 ” >應(yīng)采取措施使教師在他們的工作 2 “ >教學(xué)周轉(zhuǎn)率低比其他職業(yè) ” >很自然的教師在三到五年內(nèi)辭職 4 “ >公平打電話(huà)給老師的園丁的人類(lèi) 30。作者認(rèn)為績(jī)效工資什么? 1 ” >將彌補(bǔ)教師低起薪。2 “ >會(huì)降低教師的流動(dòng)率。” >這是一個(gè)很好的解決當(dāng)前教育問(wèn)題。4 “ >它是不適合教學(xué)工作。

Passage Two Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: I was born with a disability that affects my sense of balance, causing me to walk with a limp.Not only does it affect the function of the legs, but it also has an impact on the kidneys.The disability has had its ups and downs.As a young child, I can remember the way other children would stare at me because of the way that I walked.There were many times that my schoolmates would laugh at me and call me names simply because of their lack of understanding, especially back in the mid 70s and early 80s.Children then were just unwilling to take the time to learn why one of their classmates might walk, speak or seem noticeably different from themselves.Now that I am an adult, I have noticed that the stares and names have begun to fade, and judgments that once were negative have begun to turn toward acceptance.The signing of the Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA)has played a great part in breaking down some of those barriers(障礙)that, as a child, left me to fight a war that seemed to have no end.Now I look beyond what I can't do and focus on what I can.I have learned that limitations open doors that have been closed, showing other ways to meet our needs.I have always looked at life as a challenge, grasping each obstacle with open arms.There is nothing in this world that comes easy.I must stand tall and look forward, to be ever so ready for what still lies ahead.People often feel sorry for those who were born with some type of disability.But their compassion(憐憫)is misplaced.Yes, I may not be able to run as fast or perform certain tasks, but my disability gives me a better look at life and all that's around me.I want to be seen not as a disability but as a person who has, and will continue to, bloom(成長(zhǎng)).So I decided to become an advocate(倡導(dǎo)者)on behalf of disabled Americans, to fight for our rights that for so long have been ignored.I feel that it only takes one powerful voice to change the minds of many nations, and as long as I have a mouth to use and a mind to think I will continue to work to bring peace upon the disabled community.31.Why did children stare at the author when he was young? 1”>He walked in an uneven way.2“>He often lost his balance and fell to the ground.3”>He had an appearance quite different from others.4“>He spoke in a different way from others.32.It can be inferred from the passage that in the 1970s, disabled children ________.1”>were not accepted by their peers 2“>received different treatment at school 3”>had frequent fights with their classmates 4“>had ups and downs in their life 33.Being disabled, the author ________.1”>has lost many a battle in his life 2“>looks at life as a challenge 3”>focuses on the limitations he has to suffer 4“>is angry for the many opportunities he has lost 34.According to the author, his disability ________.1”>has given him a better understanding of life 2“>aroused sympathy from people around him 3”>is a constant barrier between him and the community 4“>has prevented him from growing up to a full person 35.Why did the author decide to become an advocate for the disabled? 1”>He still has a mouth to use and a mind to think.2“>He has got a powerful voice to change people's minds.3”>The signing of the ADA has failed to change a thing in their life.4“>Their rights are still being ignored.我出生與一個(gè)殘疾,影響我的平衡感,讓我走路一瘸一拐。它不僅影響腿的功能,但它也有一個(gè)對(duì)腎臟的影響。殘疾人都有其跌宕起伏。作為一個(gè)年輕的孩子,我記得別的孩子會(huì)盯著我,因?yàn)槲易叩姆绞?。有很多?我的同學(xué)們會(huì)嘲笑我,說(shuō)我的名字只是因?yàn)槿狈α私?尤其是在70年代中期和80年代早期。孩子只是不愿意花時(shí)間去學(xué)習(xí)他們的一個(gè)同學(xué)為什么會(huì)走路,說(shuō)話(huà)或看起來(lái)明顯不同于自己?，F(xiàn)在,我是一個(gè)成年人,我已經(jīng)注意到,凝視著,名字已經(jīng)開(kāi)始褪色,和判斷,一旦被負(fù)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)向接受。簽署《美國(guó)殘疾人法案》(ADA)發(fā)揮了很大一部分在打破這些障礙(障礙),作為一個(gè)孩子,讓我打一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),似乎沒(méi)有盡頭。現(xiàn)在我超越我不能做什么,關(guān)注什么。我知道限制打開(kāi)大門(mén)已經(jīng)關(guān)閉,顯示其他方法來(lái)滿(mǎn)足我們的需求。我一直看著的生活挑戰(zhàn),把握每個(gè)障礙張開(kāi)雙臂。在這個(gè)世界上沒(méi)有什么是容易的。我必須忍受高和向前看,所以準(zhǔn)備過(guò)的日子還在前頭。人們常常感到抱歉對(duì)于那些天生就有某種類(lèi)型的殘疾。但是他們的同情心(憐憫)是錯(cuò)誤的。是的,我可能無(wú)法或執(zhí)行某些任務(wù)跑得一樣快,但我的殘疾使我的生活變得更好看,我周?chē)乃?。我想被視為一種殘疾,但作為一個(gè)人,并將繼續(xù),布魯姆(成長(zhǎng))。所以我決定成為一個(gè)倡導(dǎo)者(倡導(dǎo)者)代表殘疾人的美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō),爭(zhēng)取我們的權(quán)利,長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)被忽視了。我覺(jué)得只需要一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的聲音改變?cè)S多國(guó)家的想法,只要我有一個(gè)口使用和心靈思考我將繼續(xù)工作在殘疾人社區(qū)帶來(lái)和平。31日。為什么孩子盯著作者年輕時(shí)? 1 ” >他走以不均勻的方式?！?>他經(jīng)常失去平衡,摔倒在地。3 ” >他出現(xiàn)完全不同于其他人。4 “ >他說(shuō)別人的方式不同。

32。從文章中可以推斷,在1970年代,殘疾兒童________。1 ” >沒(méi)有同齡人所接受 2 “ >在學(xué)校接受不同的治療 3“>經(jīng)常與同學(xué)打架 ” >在他們的生活跌宕起伏 33。被禁用,作者_(dá)_______?！?>已經(jīng)失去了很多在他的生活中 2 ” >看著生活的挑戰(zhàn) 3 >關(guān)注他遭受的局限性 “ >憤怒的他已經(jīng)失去了很多機(jī)會(huì) 34。根據(jù)作者,他的殘疾________。1 ” >給了他一個(gè)更好的理解生活 2 “ >引起了周?chē)说耐?” >是一個(gè)常數(shù)他和社區(qū)之間的障礙 4 “ >已經(jīng)阻止了他成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)完整的人 35。為什么作者決定成為一個(gè)倡導(dǎo)殘疾人? 1 ” >他仍然有一個(gè)口使用和思維去思考。2 “ >他有一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的聲音,改變?nèi)藗兊南敕ā?簽署《美國(guó)殘疾人法》未能改變生活中的一件事。4 ” >他們的權(quán)利仍然被忽視。

Passage Three Questions 36-40 are based on the following passage: I'm coming off this plane, and landing at London airport.I'm looking around for a middle-aged woman, my Aunt Penn, who I've seen in pictures.The photographs are out of date, but she looked like the type who would wear a big necklace(項(xiàng)鏈)and flat shoes, and maybe some kind of narrow dress in black or gray.But I'm just guessing since the pictures only showed her face.Anyway, I'm looking and looking and everyone's leaving and there's no signal on my phone and I'm thinking, “Oh great, I'm going to be abandoned at the airport so that's two countries they don't want me in,” when I notice everyone's gone except this kid who comes up to me and says, “You must be Daisy.” And when I look relieved he does too and says, “I'm Edmond.” “Hello Edmond,” I say, “nice to meet you.” I look at him hard to try to get a feel for what my new life with my cousins might be like.Now let me tell you what he looks like before I forget because it's not exactly what you'd expect from your average fourteen-year-old what with the cigarette and hair that looked like he cut it himself with a knife in the dead of night, but aside from that he's exactly like some kind of mutt, you know the ones you see at the dog shelter who are kind of hopeful and sweet and put their nose straight into your hand when they meet you with a certain kind of dignity and you know from that second that you're going to take him home? Well that's him.Only he took me home.I'll take your bag, he said, and even though he's about half a mile shorter than me and has arms about as thick as a dog leg, he grabs my bag, and I grab it back and say “Where's your mom, is she in the car?” And he smiles and takes a drag on his cigarette, which, even though I know smoking kills and all that, I think is a little bit cool, but maybe all the kids in England smoke cigarettes? I don't say anything in case it's a well-known fact that the smoking age in England is something like twelve and by making a big thing about it I'll end up looking like an idiot when I've barely been here five minutes.Anyway, he says,“ Mum couldn't come to the airport because she's working, and everyone else seemed to be somewhere else, so I drove here myself.” 36.Daisy flew to London to ________.1“>see England 2”>live with her aunt 3“>meet Edmond 4”>visit a friend 37.Before Edmond greeted her, Daisy felt ________.1“>anxious 2”>curious 3“>relieved 4”>excited 38.Edmond waited till everyone was gone before greeting Daisy because _______.1“>he did not want to talk to a girl before others 2”>he did not get Daisy's phone call 3“>he had never seen Daisy before 4”>he was looking for a middle-aged woman 39.What did Edmond look like in Daisy's eyes? 1“>An average 14-year-old.2”>A lost dog.3“>An old friend.4”>A man with dignity.40.Daisy did not make any comment about Edmond smoking because _______.1“>she knew all children in England smoke cigarettes 2”>she thought smoking did harm to one's health 3“>the smoking age in England is about twelve 4”>she did not want to make a fool of herself

51.Large-scale studies are needed to ________ the encouraging results we have obtained so far.1“>conduct 2”>confirm 3“>contract 4”>commit 52.Dr.Smith is starting the first training program himself, and his methods of teaching will be used in all ________ training programs.1“>subsequent 2”>temporary 3“>fruitful 4”>energetic 53.Whoever disobeys the company's safety regulations shall be ________ on the spot.1“>dismissed 2”>switched 3“>interrupted 4”>revealed 54.This is a very formal occasion.It is not appropriate to wear ________ pants or skirts.1“>messy 2”>frantic 3“>casual 4”>jealous 55.All the questions the police asked ________ what she had been doing on the night of the robbery.1“>brought up 2”>revolved around 3“>built on 4”>singled out 56.The noise ________ to be just the dogs fighting for a bone in the courtyard.1“>made out 2”>worked out 3“>rang out 4”>turned out 57.Our system has been designed to give the user quick and easy ________ to the required information.1“>accent 2”>access 3“>response 4”>approach 58.So far only a dozen people who had direct contact with live chickens have ________ the bird flu.1“>distributed 2”>displayed 3“>contracted 4”>constituted 59.Many young women do aerobics(增氧健美操)every day in their ________ to achieve the perfect body.1“>quest 2”>strain 3“>temptation 4”>campaign 60.The official ________ of the events is that the police were attacked and were just trying to defend themselves.1“>issue 2”>illusion 3“>version 4”>perspective 61.________ the warning that smoking kills, the number of smokers does not seem to drop in our country.1“>With 2”>For 3“>As 4”>Despite 62.Why did you have to ________ the subject of religion since you know the guests are sharply divided on it? 1“>bring up 2”>leave out 3“>turn against 4”>call up 63.If schoolchildren are allowed to work at their own ________, their performance will generally improve.1“>version 2”>pace 3“>evolution 4”>system 64.Clara was ________ to sell her late husband's paintings to pay her debts.1“>qualified 2”>assumed 3“>compelled 4”>racked 65.To attract foreign investors, you have to ________ them that their investment will have profitable returns.1“>confirm 2”>stimulate 3“>grab 4”>convince 66.I don't think I can ever ________ my teachers for their devoted work, but I can in my turn do my best for my students.1“>repay 2”>interrupt 3“>respond 4”>witness 67.The conference was an attempt to ________ discussion of the problem of widening gaps between the rich and the poor.1“>stimulate 2”>conduct 3“>intend 4”>uncover 68.The lawyer outlined the case to him, being careful not to ________ anything important.1“>save up 2”>cut through 3“>leave out 4”>take out 69.The clerk held my passport four inches from his face and ________ to read it.1“>affected 2”>flipped 3“>strained 4”>giggled 70.The wounded woman got to her feet and made a ________ at the kitchen knife at the sink.1“>grab 2”>click 3“>comment 4”>pat 71.The designers made the most ________ water gardens to match the houses, with canals, fountains and cascades(小瀑布).1“>casual 2”>elaborate 3“>fruitful 4”>frantic 72.Suggesting something which he or she can do ________ the child's sense of achievement.1“>makes up 2”>pass on 3“>brings up 4”>adds to 73.If these problems are not ________ early in their training, they can be a real danger to themselves and to their instructors.1“>skipped 2”>contracted 3“>spotted 4”>responded 74.In order to reach ________ physical fitness for the coming match, he cut out all social activities and concentrated on his training.1“>maximum 2”>temporary 3“>extensive 4”>detached 75.We can't ________ the suspects to be guilty simply because they've decided to remain silent.1“>interpret 2”>assume 3“>grant 4”>arrest 76.The professor ________ the whole chapter, saying it was not difficult for us to study it by ourselves.1“>dismissed 2”>covered 3“>skipped 4”>explored 77.Tourism authorities ________ quickly to reports of the attack, claiming that it was accidental and that crime against tourists was quite rare in the scenic areas.1“>added 2”>fastened 3“>skipped 4”>responded 78.It is rarely useful to try and adjust fully to the time-zone transition(轉(zhuǎn)變)before the journey, since this will ________ your life-style too much.1“>interrupt 2”>flip 3“>renovate 4”>decay 79.To ________ for the position, applicants would need to have a PhD degree and 3 years' working experience.1“>strain 2”>qualify 3“>register 4”>campaign 80.We must come to a decision and take action quickly, for time is ________ faster than we think.1“>catching on 2”>running out 3“>stepping up 4”>revolving around

我從這架飛機(jī),降落在倫敦機(jī)場(chǎng)。我找了一位中年婦女,我姑姑潘,我看過(guò)照片。照片是過(guò)時(shí)了,但她看起來(lái)像誰(shuí)會(huì)穿一個(gè)大類(lèi)型的項(xiàng)鏈(項(xiàng)鏈),平底鞋,也許一些狹窄的穿黑色或灰色。但我只是猜測(cè)因?yàn)閳D片只顯示了她的臉。不管怎樣,我想,和每個(gè)人的離開(kāi),我的電話(huà)沒(méi)有信號(hào),我想,“哦,太好了,我要放棄在機(jī)場(chǎng)這是兩國(guó)在,他們不希望我”當(dāng)我注意到每個(gè)人都去除了這孩子過(guò)來(lái)對(duì)我說(shuō),“你一定是黛西?！爱?dāng)我看他做太松了一口氣說(shuō),“我是愛(ài)德蒙。”“你好,愛(ài)德蒙,”我說(shuō),“很高興見(jiàn)到你?！拔铱粗L試了解我和我的表親們可能會(huì)喜歡的新生活。現(xiàn)在讓我告訴你他是什么樣子在我忘記之前,因?yàn)樗皇悄阆Ｍ麖哪愕钠骄?4歲的香煙和頭發(fā)的樣子他自己切了用刀在夜深人靜的時(shí)候,但是除了他就像某種雜種狗,你知道的你看到狗庇護(hù)所的希望和甜,把他們的鼻子直接進(jìn)入你的手當(dāng)他們見(jiàn)到你的某種尊嚴(yán)和你知道,第二,你要帶他回家?這就是他。只有他帶我回家。我接受你的包,他說(shuō),盡管他的大約半英里比我短,手臂一樣粗的狗腿,他抓住我的包,我抓住它,說(shuō):“你的媽媽,她在車(chē)?yán)飭?”,他笑著將拖累他的香煙,即使我知道因吸煙而死亡,我覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)涼,但也許在英國(guó)所有的孩子抽煙嗎?我不會(huì)說(shuō)任何情況下這是一個(gè)眾所周知的事實(shí)是英國(guó)吸煙年齡之類(lèi)的十二個(gè),通過(guò)做一件大事,我看起來(lái)像個(gè)白癡當(dāng)我?guī)缀踉谶@里五分鐘。不管怎樣,他說(shuō),“媽媽不能來(lái)機(jī)場(chǎng),因?yàn)樗墓ぷ?而其他人似乎在別的地方,所以我開(kāi)車(chē)我自己。” 36。黛西飛往倫敦________。1 “ >看到英格蘭 2 ” >姑姑住在一起 3 >滿(mǎn)足愛(ài)德蒙 4 “ >拜訪一位朋友

37歲。愛(ài)德蒙前迎接她,黛西感到________。1 ” >焦慮 2 “ >好奇 >松了一口氣 4 ” >興奮

38。愛(ài)德蒙等到所有人都走了之前問(wèn)候黛西因?yàn)開(kāi)________。1 “ >他不想跟一個(gè)女孩在別人 2 ” >他沒(méi)有得到黛西的電話(huà) 3 >他從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)黛西 4“>他尋找一位中年婦女

39歲。愛(ài)德蒙在黛西的眼睛看起來(lái)像什么? 1 “ >平均14歲。2 ” >一個(gè)走失的狗。3 >一個(gè)老朋友?！?>一個(gè)有尊嚴(yán)的人。

40。黛西并沒(méi)有做出任何評(píng)論愛(ài)德蒙吸煙因?yàn)開(kāi)________。1 ” >她知道在英國(guó)所有的孩子抽煙 2 “ >她認(rèn)為吸煙危害健康 3 ” >英國(guó)吸煙年齡大約是十二 4 “ >她不想欺騙自己

51。大規(guī)模研究需要________迄今為止我們?nèi)〉玫牧钊斯奈璧慕Y(jié)果。1 ” >行為 2 “ >確認(rèn) 3 >合同 4 ” >提交

52歲。史密斯博士開(kāi)始第一個(gè)培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃,和他的教學(xué)方法將用于所有培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目。1 “ >后續(xù) 2 ” >臨時(shí) 3 >富有成果 4 “ >精力充沛

53歲。誰(shuí)不服從公司的安全條例應(yīng)當(dāng)______。1 ” >了 2 “ >切換 3 >打斷 4 ” >透露

54。這是一個(gè)非常正式的場(chǎng)合。不適合穿在褲子或裙子。1 “ >混亂 2 ” >瘋狂 3 >休閑 4 “ >嫉妒

55。警察問(wèn)的所有問(wèn)題——她一直做什么晚上的搶劫。1 ” >長(zhǎng)大 2 “ >圍繞 3 ” >建立在 4 “ >挑出

56。噪聲在只是骨頭在院子里的狗打架。1 ” >了 2 “ > 3 ” >響起 4 “ > 57。我們的系統(tǒng)被設(shè)計(jì)給用戶(hù)快速和容易________到所需的信息。1 ” >口音 2 “ >訪問(wèn) 3 ” >響應(yīng) 4“>的方法 58歲。到目前為止,只有十幾個(gè)人活著的雞有直接接觸禽流感。1 “ >分布式 2 ” >顯示 3 >合同 4 “ >構(gòu)成

59。許多年輕女性做有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)(增氧健美操)每天________來(lái)達(dá)到完美的身體。1 ” >追求 2 “ >應(yīng)變 3 >誘惑 4 ” >活動(dòng)

60。官方在警察遭到襲擊的事件,只是想保護(hù)自己。1 >問(wèn)題 2 “ >錯(cuò)覺(jué) 3 ” >版本 “ >的角度來(lái)看

61年。________因吸煙而死亡的警告,吸煙者的數(shù)量似乎并沒(méi)有下降。1 ” > 2 “ > 3 ” > 4 “ >盡管

62年。你為什么要從宗教的主題因?yàn)槟阒揽腿耸菄?yán)重分歧嗎? 1 ” >彈出 2 “ > 3 ” >反對(duì) 4 “ >打電話(huà)

63年。如果學(xué)生被允許在自己的工作______,他們通常會(huì)提高性能。1 ” >版本 2 “ >速度 3 >進(jìn)化 4 ” >系統(tǒng)

64年?？死莀_______出售她已故丈夫的作品支付債務(wù)。1 “ >合格 2 ” >假定 3 >強(qiáng)迫 4 “ >折磨

65年。吸引外國(guó)投資者,你必須立刻停止他們的投資會(huì)有豐厚的回報(bào)。1 ” >確認(rèn) 2 “ >刺激 3 >抓住 4 ” >說(shuō)服

66年。我不認(rèn)為我能______老師對(duì)他們的投入工作,但我可以在我將為我的學(xué)生做我最好的。1 “ >償還 2 ” >中斷 3 >回應(yīng) 4 “ >見(jiàn)證

67年。會(huì)議是企圖在討論問(wèn)題的富人和窮人之間的差距不斷擴(kuò)大。1 ” >刺激 2 “ >行為 3“>意愿 4 ” >發(fā)現(xiàn)

68年。列出的律師對(duì)他而言,小心不要在什么重要。1 “ >保存 2 ” >穿過(guò) 3 >離開(kāi) 4 “ >取出

69年。店員舉行我的護(hù)照4英寸從他的臉,在閱讀它。1 ” >的影響 2 “ >翻 3“>緊張 ” >咯咯直笑

70年。受傷的女人有她的腳,________在水槽的菜刀。1 “ >抓住 2 ” >點(diǎn)擊 3“>評(píng)論 4 “ >帕特

71年。設(shè)計(jì)師作出了最______的水花園與房屋、運(yùn)河、噴泉和瀑布(小瀑布)。1 ” >休閑 “ >精心制作的 3 >富有成果 4 ” >瘋狂

72年。表明他或她可以做的事情在孩子的成就感。1 “ >組成 2 ” >轉(zhuǎn)嫁 3 “ >提出 4 ” >增加了

73年。如果這些問(wèn)題不從早在他們的訓(xùn)練,他們可以是一個(gè)真正的危險(xiǎn),自己和他們的教練。1 “ >跳過(guò) 2 ” >合同 3 >發(fā)現(xiàn) 4 “ >回應(yīng)

74年。以達(dá)到______身體健康為即將到來(lái)的比賽,他把所有的社會(huì)活動(dòng)和集中培訓(xùn)。1 ” >最大 2 “ >臨時(shí) 3 >廣泛 4 ” >分離

75年。我們不能從嫌疑人有罪,因?yàn)樗麄円呀?jīng)決定保持沉默。1 “ >解讀 2 ” >假設(shè) 3 >格蘭特 4 “ >逮捕

76年。教授在整個(gè)一章,說(shuō)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)并不難自己研究。1 ” >了 2 “ >覆蓋 3 >跳過(guò) 4 ” >探索

77年。旅游部門(mén)______迅速襲擊的報(bào)道,聲稱(chēng)這是偶然的,犯罪對(duì)游客在風(fēng)景區(qū)是相當(dāng)罕見(jiàn)的。1 >說(shuō): 2 “ >系 3 >跳過(guò) 4 ” >回應(yīng)

78年。很少有用的嘗試和調(diào)整充分的時(shí)區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)換(轉(zhuǎn)變)在旅程之前,因?yàn)檫@將在你的生活太多。1 “ >中斷 2 ” >翻轉(zhuǎn) 3 >更新 4 “ >衰變

79年。________的位置,申請(qǐng)者需要有一個(gè)博士學(xué)位,3年的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。1 ” >應(yīng)變 2 “ >資格 3 >注冊(cè) 4 ” >活動(dòng)

80年。我們必須作出決定和采取行動(dòng)迅速,時(shí)間是在比我們想象的更快。1 “ > 2 ” >耗盡 3 “ >加大 4 ” >圍繞

81．不打算努力工作的人就沒(méi)有可能取得成功。

No one who does not intend to work hard stands a chance of success.82．看來(lái)你從因特網(wǎng)上下載的這個(gè)故事是原文的簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)本。

It seems the story you downloaded from the Internet is a simplified version of the original.83．我相信如果財(cái)富以更為合理的方式分配，世界上就沒(méi)有人會(huì)挨凍受餓。

I am convinced that if wealth is distributed in a more reasonable manner, no one will suffer from cold and hunger in the world.84．瑪麗加到她網(wǎng)站上的圖片確實(shí)吸引一些訪客的注意。

The pictures Mary added to her website did catch the eye of a number of visitors.85．薩拉沒(méi)有讓她身體的殘疾擋住她想當(dāng)棒球評(píng)論作家的路。

Sarah did not allow her physical disability to stand in her way to becoming a baseball editorialist.Passage One Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: I don't know why we are here.Ever since we came here, we have been treated very badly, and all I have heard since we have been here are people yelling in a language I don't understand, or people screaming as they were separated from loved ones.I have been made to lie on this hard, cold table, while strange men have taken away my crutches(拐杖).When I don't come when they call, they beat me repeatedly with a thick stick, and they laugh when I cry out for help.On bare skin it hurts so horribly, and I am so covered with bruises(瘀傷)and cuts it's a wonder I have any skin left!They call me an “undesirable”, and they keep telling me that they have “plans” for me.Whenever I ask what they are going to do, they just laugh and tell me to shut up and to mind my own business.I have had to have my hair shaved off, and I wear ill-fitting clothes;and I also have had to go around naked;and with other people looking at me, it makes me very unhappy.It is very cold here in these camps, and people have gotten sick;and disease has run rampant(猖獗).There is typhus about, and I am scared that I will get it next!I have eaten but very little, and what I ate tasted nasty.Life has been very hard for all of us, and every day, I see more and more bodies piling up.It is during these times when I wish I could see my mama or papa again, and I wish I were still at home in Warsaw!I wish I were still at home in my little bed or safe in mama's arms;I still can remember her telling me that she loved me so much, and that I was her angel(天使)!I also remember papa's strong arms and his big, booming laugh;but then the War came, and it changed everything;and now I am here, and I don't know what I may have done to deserve being here at Auschwitz!I am only a little boy who can't walk, and I didn't ask to be captured by the Germans or taken to this awful place!I didn't ask to be born a Jew, and I certainly didn't ask to be born handicapped!Now it seems that is exactly why I am here at this camp, and I am so scared！26．We can learn from the first two paragraphs that the author of this passage was ________.1“>an unpleasant person 2”>an intelligent child 3“>a disabled person 4”>a German citizen 27.The author was scared because ________.1“>he had little to eat and might be starved to death 2”>he didn't know the language used in the place 3“>he had to walk around naked before others 4”>he was afraid of catching typhus 28.According to the author, at Auschwitz ________.1“>children were taken care of by their parents 2”>death was a daily occurrence 3“>children were treated like angels 4”>people laughed at the Germans 29.The author thought he was taken to Auschwitz because ________.1“>he was a handicapped Jew 2”>his parents no longer cared for him 3“>he had said something that annoyed the Germans 4”>his home in Warsaw had been destroyed by the war 30.It can be inferred from the passage that ________.1“>anyone who dared to cry in Auschwitz would be beaten up by the Germans 2”>many children were left without a family after the war in Warsaw 3“>members of a family were separated from each other at Auschwitz 4”>Auschwitz was only one of the many camps where the Germans tortured the Jews 我不知道為什么我們?cè)谶@里。自從我們來(lái)到這里,我們一直非常糟糕,我們一直以來(lái)我聽(tīng)到這里有人們叫喊的語(yǔ)言我不懂,或者人們尖叫當(dāng)他們與所愛(ài)的人分離。我已經(jīng)躺在這,冷表,而陌生男人已經(jīng)拿走了我的拐杖(拐杖)。當(dāng)我不他們叫的時(shí)候,他們打我反復(fù)用杠子,笑當(dāng)我哭出來(lái)幫忙。在裸露的皮膚疼得這么慘,我滿(mǎn)傷痕(瘀傷)和削減懷疑我有任何皮膚了!他們叫我“不良”,他們告訴我,他們對(duì)我有“計(jì)劃”。每當(dāng)我問(wèn)他們要做什么,他們只是笑,告訴我閉嘴,管好我自己的事。我不得不把頭發(fā)剃掉,我穿不合身的衣服,我也不得不去裸體;和別人看著我,這讓我很不高興。在這些營(yíng)地,這里很冷,人生病了,和疾病已泛濫成災(zāi)(猖獗)。有斑疹傷寒,我害怕我接下來(lái)會(huì)得到它!我吃過(guò)但很少,我吃的味道的。我們所有人的生活非常艱難,每一天,我看到越來(lái)越多的尸體堆積如山。正是在這些時(shí)候,我希望我能再次見(jiàn)到我的媽媽或爸爸,和我希望我仍在華沙在家!我希望我仍在家里在我的小床或安全在媽媽的懷里,我還能記得她告訴我,她非常愛(ài)我,我是她的天使(天使)!我還記得爸爸的胳膊和他的大強(qiáng),蓬勃發(fā)展的笑,但戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)來(lái)了,它改變了一切,現(xiàn)在我在這里,我不知道我可能做的應(yīng)該是在奧斯維辛集中營(yíng)!我只是一個(gè)小男孩不能走路,我不要求被德國(guó)人或被這個(gè)可怕的地方!我沒(méi)有問(wèn)出生一個(gè)猶太人,我當(dāng)然沒(méi)有問(wèn)出生殘疾!現(xiàn)在看來(lái),就是為什么我在這里在這個(gè)營(yíng)地,和我很害怕！26.我們可以借鑒前兩個(gè)段落,這篇文章的作者是________。1 “ >一個(gè)不愉快的人 2 ” >一個(gè)聰明的孩子 3 “ >一個(gè)殘疾人 4 ” >德國(guó)公民

27。作者很害怕因?yàn)開(kāi)_______。1 “ >他幾乎沒(méi)有吃會(huì)餓死 2 ” >他不知道所使用的語(yǔ)言 3 >他不得不在別人面前裸體走動(dòng) 4 “ >他怕感染斑疹傷寒

28。根據(jù)作者在奧斯維辛________。1“>的孩子被他們的父母照顧 2 ” >死亡是家常便飯 >孩子們像天使一樣對(duì)待 4 >人嘲笑德國(guó)

29。作者認(rèn)為他被送往奧斯維辛集中營(yíng),因?yàn)開(kāi)_______。1 “ >他是一個(gè)殘疾人猶太人 2 ” >他的父母不再照顧他 >他說(shuō)的話(huà)惹惱了德國(guó)人的東西 4 “ >在華沙被戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)摧毀了

30。從文章中可以推斷出來(lái),________。1 ” >誰(shuí)敢哭在奧斯維辛集中營(yíng)被德國(guó)人 “ >后,許多孩子都沒(méi)有一個(gè)家庭戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)在華沙 3”>的家人分開(kāi)在奧斯維辛 ” >奧斯維辛集中營(yíng)的只有一個(gè)營(yíng)的德國(guó)人虐待猶太人

Passage Two Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: One of the first productive daydreamers may have been Archimedes.In the third century BC, the Greek scientist and inventor was taking a bath when he suddenly grasped a method for determining whether a gold crown was mixed with a cheaper metal.More recently, Sigmund Freud wrote extensively about the psychological importance of dreams, including daydreams.Scientists began investigating daydreaming as an invention and problem-solving tool about 40 years ago after they noticed famous inventors often reported making key discoveries while their minds wandered in relaxed states.Daydreaming is appreciated as a valuable tool in other areas as well.Visualization, for instance, in which athletes essentially daydream their own top performances, is widely used by athletes before important contests.Despite its history, however, daydreaming is in poor reputation today.They are often seen by many as a waste of time.Yet many of us daydream, and productively, too.A lot of people say they have their best ideas at night, when they get up in the morning, or during a long taxi ride.Basically when people are in a semi-trance(半催眠)state, their mind is free to wander and come up with new ideas.You can also daydream successfully while exercising, walking or bathing.In fact, it's a good idea to occupy at least part of your mind with something else while letting your daydreams spin(旋轉(zhuǎn)).A typical exercise of the daydreamer is to imagine he or she is in various settings such as a tropical beach or preparing to dive into a pool of water.The idea is to provide the daydreamer with an experience that will help his or her real-world performance.For example, if a salesman has been rejected 20 times and is afraid of cold-calling(向素不相識(shí)的人打電話(huà)或上門(mén)推銷(xiāo)商品), he can use daydreaming to help himself relax, so that he will experience a call with less stress and become open to learning new skills.Writing down or otherwise recording a dream session is vital.One of the problems is that you have a great idea and it pops out of your head before you can record it.You also must carefully evaluate the real value of your ideas.At some point, you have to step back from the daydream and figure out what's reality.Daydreams aren't going to show you what's practical.That's not their job.Daydreams can even be dangerous if you fail to distinguish fantasy from reality.The risk is expecting too much and taking your daydreams too seriously.31.According to the author, Archimedes was the first man in history ________.1“>to appreciate daydreaming as a problem-solving tool 2”>to make a gold crown mixed with a cheaper metal 3“>to study the role of daydreaming in solving problems 4”>to solve a scientific problem while daydreaming 32.According to some scientists, many discoveries were made when the inventors ________.1“>worked at night 2”>dreamed a lot 3“>concentrated their attention on their work 4”>were in a relaxed state of mind 33.According to the passage, daydreaming is viewed by many today as ________.1“>dangerous to a driver's safety 2”>a waste of time 3“>an athlete's way to top performance 4”>valuable to success 34.To benefit from daydreaming, the most important thing is ________.1“>to take daydreams seriously 2”>to imagine oneself in various beautiful settings 3“>to be open to learning new techniques and skills 4”>to write down the ideas that pop up in your mind 35.Daydreams can be dangerous if __________.1“>you can't tell what is practical and what is not 2”>you step back and try to figure out what is reality 3“>you let them spin during a long drive 4”>you let them pop out of your mind Passage Three Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage: We live in an era when modern technology has relieved us of almost every task our grandparents once performed – from chopping wood to carrying water.Technology is not the only reason for this, however: attitudes to children and work have changed dramatically in the last hundred years, and to many children physical work is a wholly foreign idea.In many homes, parents simply do not expect their children to work, even to make their own beds, wash the dishes, or mow the lawn.A friend recently wrote to me: I'm not sure my generation ever really grew up.We don't know what it is to make sacrifices, to give unselfishly in ways that won't ever be recognized.Many of us are still seeking the perfect partner, the perfect car, or some other kind of elusive(難以捉摸的)happiness.While no one in his right mind could desire a return to the days of child labor, sometimes it seems that the pendulum(鐘擺)has swung too far the other way, that we have forgotten the value of work as an important tool of education.Physical work will not harm children;in fact, it usually does wonders for them.When you give a child a chore to do, you develop his or her ability to follow instructions.In helping to see it through to completion, you help the child build initiative and perseverance.Afterwards, you can praise him or her and instill(灌輸)pride in a job well done.Where I grew up, hard physical work was part of daily life.I used to complain about the never-ending work, but my parents had no pity: “Good, hard work makes a man,” they always said.On looking back, I am grateful for every chore I did.I see now how work taught me self-discipline and concentration and prepared me for the responsibilities of fatherhood.Learning to work hard means far more than learning to sweat: it means building character.Our children need to grow up loving work, not avoiding it.Let us teach them to find inspiration in the face of challenges and difficulties, not frustration.And let us instill in them the desire to carry out everything they do with joy.36．By saying “to many children physical work is a wholly foreign idea”, the author means ________.1“>physical work is often assigned to children 2”>many children do not like physical work at all 3“>physical work is too hard for many children 4”>many children are not familiar with physical work 37.What does the author's friend mean by saying “I'm not sure my generation ever really grew up”? 1“>The younger generation wants everything perfect.2”>The younger generation does not know what happiness is.3“>The younger generation grew up quite selfish.4”>The younger generation is idealistic about life.38.What does the author mean by saying “the pendulum has swung too far the other way”? 1“>Too many children today find physical work boring.2”>Physical work has gained importance as a tool of education.3“>Children do too little physical work nowadays.4”>Too little physical work is now needed in our daily lives.39.How did the author's parents react to his complaints about never-ending work? 1“>They disciplined him.2”>They showed sympathy for him.3“>They said it could not be helped.4”>They took no pity on him.40.What does the author think of children doing physical work? 1“>It helps children build up their character.2”>It is becoming unnecessary as technology develops.3“>It is too great a challenge for children growing up today.4”>It means nothing but sweat and brings back memories of child labor.第一批生產(chǎn)的空想家可能是阿基米德。在公元前三世紀(jì),希臘科學(xué)家和發(fā)明家正在洗澡時(shí),他突然抓住一個(gè)方法判斷一個(gè)金冠和更便宜的金屬。最近,西格蒙德·弗洛伊德寫(xiě)了大量有關(guān)心理的夢(mèng)想的重要性,包括白日夢(mèng)?？茖W(xué)家開(kāi)始調(diào)查白日夢(mèng)作為一項(xiàng)發(fā)明和解決問(wèn)題的工具后約40年前他們注意到著名的發(fā)明家通常報(bào)道做出關(guān)鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)雖然他們的思想在放松狀態(tài)。白日做夢(mèng)是欣賞作為一個(gè)有價(jià)值的工具在其他領(lǐng)域。可視化,例如,運(yùn)動(dòng)員基本上遐想自己的表演,被廣泛使用之前,運(yùn)動(dòng)員重要的比賽。然而,盡管其歷史白日做夢(mèng)是當(dāng)今聲譽(yù)不佳。他們通常被視為浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。然而,許多人遐想,也有效。很多人說(shuō)他們晚上最好的想法,早晨起床時(shí),或在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間乘坐出租車(chē)。基本上是當(dāng)人們semi-trance(半催眠)狀態(tài),他們的思想是自由漫步,想出新點(diǎn)子。你也可以做白日夢(mèng)成功運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),走路或洗澡。事實(shí)上,它是一個(gè)好主意至少占據(jù)你的大腦的一部分與其他東西而讓你的白日夢(mèng)旋轉(zhuǎn)(旋轉(zhuǎn))?？障爰业牡湫瓦\(yùn)動(dòng)想象他或她是在各種設(shè)置如熱帶海灘或準(zhǔn)備跳進(jìn)一個(gè)水池。這個(gè)想法是提供的空想家經(jīng)驗(yàn)會(huì)幫助他或她的真實(shí)性能。例如,如果一個(gè)推銷(xiāo)員已經(jīng)拒絕了20倍,害怕不請(qǐng)自來(lái)的(向素不相識(shí)的人打電話(huà)或上門(mén)推銷(xiāo)商品),他可以用白日夢(mèng)來(lái)幫助自己放松,所以,他將經(jīng)歷一個(gè)電話(huà)更少的壓力,成為學(xué)習(xí)新技能。寫(xiě)下或記錄一個(gè)夢(mèng)想會(huì)話(huà)是至關(guān)重要的。其中一個(gè)問(wèn)題是,你有一個(gè)偉大的想法,你的頭,你可以記錄它。你也必須仔細(xì)評(píng)估你的想法的真正價(jià)值。在某種程度上,你必須退一步從白日夢(mèng)和算出的現(xiàn)實(shí)。白日夢(mèng)不會(huì)告訴你什么是實(shí)用。這不是他們的工作。白日夢(mèng)甚至可以是危險(xiǎn)的,如果你不能區(qū)分幻想與現(xiàn)實(shí)。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是期待太多,認(rèn)真對(duì)待你的白日夢(mèng)。

31日。根據(jù)作者,阿基米德在歷史上是第一個(gè)男人________。1”>欣賞白日夢(mèng)作為一個(gè)解決問(wèn)題的工具 2 “ >金冠和更便宜的金屬 >研究白日夢(mèng)在解決問(wèn)題中的作用 4 ” >解決一個(gè)科學(xué)問(wèn)題,做白日夢(mèng)

32。一些科學(xué)家表示,許多發(fā)明家________時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)的。1 “ >晚上工作 2 >夢(mèng)想很多 >集中注意力集中在他們的工作 4 ” >是一個(gè)放松的心態(tài)

33。根據(jù)短文,白日做夢(mèng)是今天被很多________。1 “ >危險(xiǎn)駕駛安全 2 ” >浪費(fèi)時(shí)間 “ >一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的最高性能的方法 4 ” >有價(jià)值的成功

34。受益于白日夢(mèng),最重要的是________。1 “ >認(rèn)真對(duì)待白日夢(mèng) ” >想象自己在各種美麗的設(shè)置 3 >開(kāi)放學(xué)習(xí)新技術(shù)和技能 4 “ >寫(xiě)下的想法出現(xiàn)在腦海中

35。如果__________白日夢(mèng)可能是危險(xiǎn)的。1 ” >你不能告訴什么是實(shí)用的,什么不是 2 “ >你退后一步,試圖找出什么是現(xiàn)實(shí) 3 ” >你讓他們自旋在長(zhǎng)期開(kāi)車(chē) 4 “ >你讓他們從你的頭腦

我們生活在一個(gè)時(shí)代,現(xiàn)代技術(shù)緩解我們幾乎每個(gè)任務(wù)的執(zhí)行我們的祖父母一次——從劈柴攜帶水。技術(shù)并不是唯一的原因,但是對(duì)孩子的態(tài)度和工作有了顯著的變化在過(guò)去的幾百年里,和許多孩子體力勞動(dòng)是一個(gè)外商的主意。在許多家庭,父母不希望他們的孩子工作,甚至自己鋪床、洗盤(pán)子,或者割草坪。一個(gè)朋友最近寫(xiě)信給我:我不確定我這一代真的長(zhǎng)大了。我們不知道它是什么做出犧牲,給無(wú)私的方式不會(huì)被認(rèn)出來(lái)。我們中的許多人仍在尋找完美的伴侶、實(shí)現(xiàn)完美的汽車(chē),或其他類(lèi)型的難以捉摸(難以捉摸的)幸福。雖然沒(méi)有人就想要回到過(guò)去的童工,有時(shí)似乎擺(鐘擺)搖擺得太遠(yuǎn)了,我們忘記了工作的價(jià)值教育的一個(gè)重要工具。物理工作不會(huì)傷害孩子;事實(shí)上,它通常是奇跡。當(dāng)你給一個(gè)孩子一件苦差事,您開(kāi)發(fā)遵循指示他或她的能力。在幫助將它完成,幫助孩子建立計(jì)劃和毅力。之后,你可以贊美他或她和灌輸(灌輸)驕傲的工作做得很好。我長(zhǎng)大的地方,重體力工作是日常生活的一部分。我曾經(jīng)抱怨永無(wú)止境的工作,但是我的父母沒(méi)有遺憾:“好,努力工作使人,”他們總是說(shuō)?；厥走^(guò)去,我感激每一個(gè)苦差事。我現(xiàn)在看到的工作教會(huì)了我如何自律、濃度和準(zhǔn)備我做父親的責(zé)任。學(xué)習(xí)努力工作意味著遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)汗:這意味著建筑性格。我們的孩子需要愛(ài)成長(zhǎng)的工作,而不是避開(kāi)它。讓我們教他們面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)和困難的找到靈感,而不是沮喪。讓我們灌輸他們的欲望進(jìn)行他們所做的一切快樂(lè)。

36.說(shuō)“許多孩子體力勞動(dòng)是外商的主意”,作者指的是________。1 ” >體力勞動(dòng)通常是分配給孩子 2 “ >很多孩子不喜歡體力勞動(dòng) 3 >體力勞動(dòng)為許多孩子太硬 4 ” >很多孩子不熟悉體力勞動(dòng)

37歲。作者的朋友是什么意思,說(shuō)“我不確定我這一代真的長(zhǎng)大了”? 1 “ >年輕一代希望一切完美。2 ” >年輕一代不知道什么是幸福。3 “ >年輕一代長(zhǎng)大很自私?！?>年輕一代對(duì)生活是理想主義的。38。作者是什么意思,說(shuō)“鐘擺轉(zhuǎn)到另一個(gè)極端”? 1 “ >太多孩子今天在物理工作很無(wú)聊?！?>體力勞動(dòng)獲得了教育的重要性作為一種工具。3“>孩子做體力勞動(dòng)太少了?！?>太少現(xiàn)在需要體力勞動(dòng)在我們的日常生活中。39歲。作者的父母怎么對(duì)他無(wú)休止的抱怨工作嗎? 1 ” >他們處罰他?！?>他們顯示同情他。3 >他們說(shuō)它不能幫助。4 ” >他們不同情他。

40。作者認(rèn)為孩子做什么體力勞動(dòng)嗎? 1 “ >它幫助孩子建立他們的個(gè)性。2 ” >它變得不必要的隨著科技的發(fā)展。3 “ >它是太大的挑戰(zhàn)今天對(duì)孩子成長(zhǎng)。4 ” >這意味著除了汗水和帶回童工的記憶。

101.如果我們將這些奇妙的主意付諸實(shí)施，我們就會(huì)在工作中取得給人以深刻印象的進(jìn)步。

If we put these fantastic ideas to work, we will make impressive progress in our work.102．如果你作此讓步，你不久就會(huì)為此付出代價(jià)。

If you make the concession, you'll soon have to pay for it.103．他視力不好，致使他沒(méi)有能看到遠(yuǎn)處的小孩。His poor vision contributed to his failure to spot the child in the distance.104．我們正在設(shè)法想出解決這些緊迫問(wèn)題的辦法。

We are trying to figure out a solution to these urgent problems.105．政府正在采取這些措施，希望將飛漲的房?jī)r(jià)降下來(lái)。

The government is taking these measures in hopes of bringing down the soaring price of houses.

第三篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀第三冊(cè)第一篇課文總結(jié)

Human can’t against the natural It has since the earth was born.the natural disaster was occurred.the drought and the flood and the earthquake and the volcanic eruption and so on.At the long ago.human and natural get together harmony.so the life become better and better.But at present.As the development of human.more and more natural resources was developed.and human don’t protect the natural.the natural began to revenge.the snowstorms drought.the big earthquake and the water was pollution and so on.when the earthquake was happened.human have no way to stop the earthquake.only chance to escape.when the drought was coming.human is also can’t let it down.they only saw the particles no change.when the flood was occurred.human saw the house was down by the water.but they can’t do anything.the natural power is very stronger.it very difficult to fight against.as the film(the day after tomorrow)when the big storm was coming.human only stay in the door make fire to against the big storm.The natural power is stronger.with human current ability can’t against the natural.so we must stay harmony with the natural.don’t against the natural rule.

第四篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀第三冊(cè)Unit1-3課后翻譯答案

1.發(fā)言人(spokesman)明確表示總統(tǒng)在任何情況下都不會(huì)取消這次旅行(under any circumstances).The spokesman made it clear that the President would not cancel the trip under any circumstances.2.我們相信他所說(shuō)的,因?yàn)樗苓^(guò)良好的教育,出生于受人尊敬的家庭,更重要的是他為人可靠.We believe what he has said, because he is well-educated, comes from a respectable family, and what's more, he is realiable.3.隨后發(fā)生的那些事件再次證明了我的猜疑(suspicions)是對(duì)的(confirm).The subsequent events confirmed my suspicions once again.4.在賽后舉行的記者招待會(huì)上,這位足球教練(coach)因該隊(duì)表現(xiàn)不佳(poor performance)而向球迷們致歉(apologize to sb.For sth.).At the press conference held after the game, the football coach apologized to the fans for his team's poor performance.5.令我們吃驚的是這位常被贊為十分正直的州長(zhǎng)(governor)竟然是個(gè)貪官(corrupt official)(turn out to be)To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his honesty turned out to be a corrupt official

6.只有少數(shù)工作得到提升(be promoted),在這同時(shí)卻有數(shù)百名工人被解雇(be dismissed).A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed.7.如果有機(jī)會(huì),約翰也許已成為一位杰出的畫(huà)家了(given).Given the chance, John might have become an outstanding painter.8.起初我以為是開(kāi)玩笑,可后來(lái)我知道他是當(dāng)真的.At first I thought he was joking, but then I realized he was serious.1.在醫(yī)院的急診室（emergency room）里常常聽(tīng)到痛苦的呻吟聲。

Groans of pain can often be heard in a hospital emergency room.2.這位美國(guó)前國(guó)務(wù)卿（Secretary of State）已重新回到公眾生活（public life）中來(lái)，擔(dān)任了駐外大使（ambassador to a foreign country）

The former U.S.Secretary of State has returned to public life as a ambassador to a foreign country.3.兌現(xiàn)支票（cash a check）時(shí)大多數(shù)銀行要求提供身份證明

Proof of identity is required for cashing a check at mose banks.4.這位通俗歌星（pop star）在舞臺(tái)上的引起了全場(chǎng)觀眾（audience）起立鼓掌（presence）

The pop star’s presence on the stage brought the audience to its/their feet in applause.5.她驚異地發(fā)現(xiàn)許多人仍然不辦保險(xiǎn)（without insurance）就冒險(xiǎn)旅行（risk doing）

She was amazed to learn that many people still risk traveling without insurance.6.請(qǐng)務(wù)必做到不讓孩子們來(lái)探身窗外（see to it that,lean）

Will you see to it that no children should lean out of the windows.7.他在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中被俘，不論敵人如何殘酷的折磨（torture）他，他從不屈服（give in）

He was captured/taken prisoner in the war, but never gave in no matter how cruelly the enemy tortured him.8.亨利比德?tīng)栯m然傷熱嚴(yán)重但貝蒂在醫(yī)生的幫助下終于使他轉(zhuǎn)危為安（bring through）

Henry Bedell was seriously wounded,but Bettie,with the help of the doctor,finally brought him through.1.許多美國(guó)大學(xué)生申請(qǐng)政府貸款交付學(xué)費(fèi).Many American students apply for government loans to pay for their education /tuition.2.除閱讀材料外,使用電影和錄像(videotapes)會(huì)激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣(stimulate).Besides reading materials,the use of films and videotapes can stimulate students' interest in a subject.3.這位律師試圖說(shuō)服陪審團(tuán)(jury)他的當(dāng)事人(client)是無(wú)辜的(convince sb.of).The attorney/lawyer tried to convince the jury of his client's innocence.4.自20世紀(jì)80年代初以來(lái)醫(yī)學(xué)方面的科學(xué)家們一直在努力尋找治療艾滋病(AIDS)的方法(work on finding..)Medical scientists have been working on/at finding a cure for AIDS since the early 1980s.5.我已經(jīng)把我的簡(jiǎn)歷(resume)寄往幾家公司,但尚未收到回復(fù)(send off).I have sent off my resume to several corporations, but haven't yet received a reply.6.不少人希望有機(jī)會(huì)去國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí),然而僅有少數(shù)人有此可能.Many people wish for an opportunity to study abroad;only a few, however, have this chance.7.我們滿(mǎn)懷期望地來(lái)參加會(huì)議,離開(kāi)時(shí)卻大失所望.We came to the meeting full of expectations, yet we left very disappointed.8.盡管這位教授詳細(xì)地講解了這一點(diǎn),但許多學(xué)生仍然不理解.Although the professor(had)explained this in great detail, many students still failed to understand.

第五篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀第三版第三冊(cè)u(píng)nit1-unit3課文翻譯

unit 1 一個(gè)年輕人發(fā)現(xiàn)，漫無(wú)目的地在街上閑逛也會(huì)帶來(lái)涉及法律問(wèn)題的麻煩。一種誤解導(dǎo)致另一種誤解，直到最終他必須在法庭上接受審判。法律小沖突

我生平只有一次陷入與法律的沖突。被捕與被帶上法庭的整個(gè)經(jīng)過(guò)在當(dāng)時(shí)是一種令人極不愉快的經(jīng)歷，但現(xiàn)在這卻成為一個(gè)好故事的素材。尤其令我惱怒的是我被捕及隨后在法庭上受審時(shí)的種種武斷情形。

事情大約發(fā)生在十二年前的二月，那是我中學(xué)畢業(yè)已經(jīng)幾個(gè)月了，但要等到十月份才能上大學(xué)，所以當(dāng)時(shí)我仍在家中。一天上午，我來(lái)到離我住地不遠(yuǎn)的、位于倫敦郊區(qū)的里士滿(mǎn)。那是我正在找一份臨時(shí)的工作，以便賺點(diǎn)錢(qián)去旅游。由于天氣晴朗，又沒(méi)什么急事，我便悠然自得得看著商店櫥窗，逛逛公園，有時(shí)干脆停下來(lái)四處觀望，一定是這種無(wú)所事事的樣子使我倒了霉。

事情發(fā)生在十一點(diǎn)半左右，我在當(dāng)?shù)貓D書(shū)館謀職未成，剛從那出發(fā)，就看到一個(gè)人從馬路對(duì)面走過(guò)來(lái)，顯然是想跟我說(shuō)話(huà)。我原以為他要問(wèn)我時(shí)間，想不到，他說(shuō)他是警官，要逮捕我，開(kāi)始我還以為這是個(gè)玩笑，但接著又來(lái)了身穿警服的警察，這下我無(wú)可置疑了。“為什么要抓我？”我問(wèn)?！八奶幱问?，有作案嫌疑?！彼f(shuō)?！白鍪裁窗福俊蔽矣謫?wèn)?！巴禆|西?！彼f(shuō)?！巴凳裁矗俊蔽易穯?wèn)。“牛奶瓶?！彼f(shuō)，表情十分嚴(yán)肅?！芭??！蔽艺f(shuō)。

事情后來(lái)是這樣的，這一帶經(jīng)常發(fā)生小偷小摸案件，尤其是從門(mén)前臺(tái)階上偷走牛奶瓶。接著，我犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)。那時(shí)我才十九歲，留著一頭凌亂的長(zhǎng)發(fā)，自認(rèn)為是六十年代“青年反主流文化”的一員。因此，我想對(duì)此表現(xiàn)出一種冷漠，滿(mǎn)不在乎的態(tài)度，于是用一種很隨便無(wú)所謂的腔調(diào)說(shuō)：“你們跟蹤我多久了？”這樣一來(lái)，在他們眼里，我是慣于此種情形的，這又使他們確信我是一個(gè)徹頭徹尾的壞蛋。幾分鐘后，來(lái)了一輛警車(chē)?！白胶竺嫒?，”他們說(shuō)，“把手放在前排的座椅上，不許亂動(dòng)?！?他倆分坐在我的左右，這下了不是鬧著玩的了。

在警察局，他們審問(wèn)了我好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。我繼續(xù)裝作老于世故，對(duì)此事習(xí)以為常的樣子。當(dāng)他們問(wèn)我一直在干什么時(shí)，我告訴他們?cè)谡夜ぷ?。“啊哈！”這下我可看到他們?cè)谙?，“無(wú)業(yè)游民”。

最后，我被正式指控，并得到通知下周一到里士滿(mǎn)地方法院受審。他們這才讓我走。

我本想在法庭上作自我辯護(hù)。但父親一弄清事情的原委后，就為我請(qǐng)了一位很不錯(cuò)的律師。就在那個(gè)星期一，我們帶著各種證人出庭了，其中包括我中學(xué)的英語(yǔ)老師作為我品行的見(jiàn)證人，但法庭并沒(méi)有傳話(huà)他作證。對(duì)我的“審判”也并沒(méi)有進(jìn)行到那一步，開(kāi)庭才十五分鐘，法官就駁回了此案，我被無(wú)罪釋放?？蓱z的警察毫無(wú)勝訴的機(jī)會(huì)。我的律師甚至成功地使警察承擔(dān)了訴訟費(fèi)。

這樣，我沒(méi)有留下犯罪記錄。但當(dāng)時(shí)，最令人震驚的是我被無(wú)罪釋放所明顯依賴(lài)的證據(jù)。我有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的口音，有受人尊敬的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的父母來(lái)到法庭，有可靠的證人，還有，很明顯我請(qǐng)得起很好的律師。想到這次指控含混不清的特點(diǎn)，我敢斷定，如果我出生在一個(gè)不同背景的家庭，并真失了業(yè)，則完全可能被判為有罪。當(dāng)我的律師要求賠償訴訟費(fèi)時(shí)，他的辯詞很明顯地圍繞著我“學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)優(yōu)秀”這一事實(shí)。與此同時(shí)，在法庭外面，曾經(jīng)逮捕我的警察中的一個(gè)正沮喪地像我母親抱怨說(shuō)，又有一個(gè)小伙子要與警察做對(duì)了。他以責(zé)備的口氣對(duì)我說(shuō)：“我們抓你的時(shí)候，你本來(lái)可以幫幫忙的?！?他這話(huà)是什么意思？也許是說(shuō)我應(yīng)該做出大發(fā)雷霆的樣子，并說(shuō)：“喂，你知道是在和誰(shuí)說(shuō)話(huà)嗎？我是品學(xué)兼優(yōu)的高材生。你們?cè)醺易ノ?？”那樣的?huà)，他們也許會(huì)向我道歉，可能還會(huì)脫帽致意，讓我揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)而去。

Unit 2

獲益匪淺的問(wèn)題

詹姆斯·索利斯克描述了他是如何受他的孩子們能用新方法看待事物的影響而認(rèn)清創(chuàng)造性思維的本質(zhì)的。

不久前的一個(gè)晚上，在餐桌旁，我的三個(gè)孩子——年齡分別為9歲、6歲和4歲——停止了爭(zhēng)搶食物，教我關(guān)于范式變換、線性思考的局限以及如何重新看待相關(guān)的各種因素的知識(shí)。

事情是這樣的：當(dāng)時(shí)我們?cè)谕孀约耗翘卓陬^兒的“哪個(gè)不是同一類(lèi)？”的芝麻街頭游戲。玩這游戲時(shí)，孩子們要看三張畫(huà)并挑出那張不屬同一類(lèi)的。我說(shuō)：“來(lái)吧，哪個(gè)不是同一類(lèi)，橘子，西紅柿，還是草莓？”

老大很快就說(shuō)出了自以為非常得意的答案：“西紅柿，因?yàn)榱硗鈨煞N都是水果?！蔽页姓J(rèn)這是正確答案，盡管有些純粹主義者堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為西紅柿是一種水果。對(duì)我們這些從小就不得不吃拌在色拉里的西紅柿的人來(lái)說(shuō)，西紅柿永遠(yuǎn)是蔬菜。正當(dāng)我準(zhǔn)備再出別外一組三個(gè)東西時(shí)，我4歲的孩子說(shuō)：“正確答案是草莓，因?yàn)閯e外兩種都是圓的，草莓卻不是?！蔽以趺茨荞g斥他的觀點(diǎn)呢？

接著，我6歲的孩子說(shuō)：“是橘子，因?yàn)閯e外兩種都是紅色的?！?歲的孩子不想讓弟弟妹妹占上風(fēng)，說(shuō)道：“是橘子因?yàn)槠渌麅煞N都長(zhǎng)在藤上?！?/p>

毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這里正發(fā)生著什么事兒。這事兒比爭(zhēng)搶食物還亂，比西紅柿是水果還是蔬菜還要重要。哥白尼把太陽(yáng)視為宇宙中心，重新調(diào)整了地心說(shuō)這一長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)世紀(jì)的范式，我的孩子們正做著哥白尼當(dāng)年所做的事。魯賓·馬修斯把他的布朗克斯冰激凌改名為哈根達(dá)斯，在不變換產(chǎn)品的情況下提高了價(jià)格，我的孩子們正在做著魯賓·馬修斯所做過(guò)的事。愛(ài)德華·詹納放棄了尋找治療天花的特效藥，從而發(fā)現(xiàn)了能預(yù)防這一疾病的疫苗，我的孩子們正做著愛(ài)德華·詹納所做過(guò)的事。

他不去研究得了天花的患者，而是去研究接觸天花卻從未染上此病的人。他發(fā)現(xiàn)他們都患了一種類(lèi)似天花但比較輕微的疾?。号６?；這使得他們對(duì)致命的天花得以免疫。

他們?cè)谥匦聦徱曄嚓P(guān)的各種因素。他們?cè)谥匦陆缍ㄋ麄兊膯?wèn)題。他們?cè)谥匦卤硎鏊麄兊膯?wèn)題?？傊?，他們正做著每位歷史上做出過(guò)重大發(fā)現(xiàn)的科學(xué)家所做的事，依據(jù)托馬斯·庫(kù)恩在他的《科學(xué)革命的結(jié)構(gòu)》一書(shū)中所說(shuō)：他們?cè)诟淖兣f的范式。但倘若這是學(xué)校里練習(xí)冊(cè)上的一個(gè)練習(xí)，那么沒(méi)有把西紅柿圈出來(lái)的孩子全都會(huì)被批為答錯(cuò)。凡沒(méi)有把問(wèn)題都解讀為“哪個(gè)不是水果”的孩子都是錯(cuò)誤的。也許這就說(shuō)明的為什么世界上最杰出的科學(xué)家和發(fā)明家中有那么多的人讀書(shū)時(shí)不及格，其中最顯著的是職權(quán)爾伯特·愛(ài)因斯坦，他也許是本世紀(jì)最有影響的范式改變者。

這樣說(shuō)，并非是想對(duì)學(xué)校評(píng)頭論足。天知道那有多容易。這樣說(shuō)，不過(guò)是想提醒大家信息的價(jià)值實(shí)在是有限的。我提出這一點(diǎn)，是因?yàn)槲覀兊纳鐣?huì)似乎發(fā)展到了這樣一個(gè)階段，人們都大聲嚷嚷著要求得到更多的技術(shù)，要求即刻享用不斷膨脹的信息。

學(xué)生們必須上網(wǎng)。你們家必須用數(shù)碼與環(huán)球信息網(wǎng)聯(lián)通。企業(yè)必須能即時(shí)下載大量資料。但是，除非我們改變范式、重新審視相關(guān)的各種因素，否則，信息高速公路就不會(huì)給我們帶來(lái)什么結(jié)果。

無(wú)論是現(xiàn)在還是最近，我們都不缺乏信息。試想我們擁有的信息比四面年前的哥白尼多了多少。但他作出了足以震撼全球的（權(quán)作雙關(guān)語(yǔ)）驚人之舉，完全改變了人們對(duì)宇宙的看法。他作出此舉不是靠發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的信息，而是靠用不同的眼光看大家都看到過(guò)的信息。愛(ài)德華·詹納不是靠積累信息發(fā)明了預(yù)防藥物，而是靠重新表述問(wèn)題。

當(dāng)我們開(kāi)始駛?cè)胄畔⒏咚俟窌r(shí)，我們所需要的不是更多的信息，而是看等信息的新方法。我們應(yīng)該像我的孩子所做的那樣，去發(fā)現(xiàn)有不止一個(gè)的正確答案、有不止一個(gè)的正確問(wèn)題、有不止一個(gè)的看大量信息的方法。我們需要記住：當(dāng)你只有一把錘子時(shí)，你往往把每一個(gè)問(wèn)題都看做釘子。

Unit 3

我為什么當(dāng)老師

你為什么要教書(shū)呢？當(dāng)我告訴一位朋友我不想謀求行政職務(wù)時(shí)，他便向我提出這一問(wèn)題。所有美國(guó)人受的教育是長(zhǎng)大成人后應(yīng)該追求金錢(qián)和權(quán)力，而我卻偏偏不選擇明明是朝這個(gè)目標(biāo)“邁進(jìn)”的工作，他們對(duì)此感到迷惑不解。

當(dāng)然，我之所以教書(shū)并不是因?yàn)槲矣X(jué)得教書(shū)輕松。我做過(guò)各種各樣的工作借以謀生：機(jī)修工、木工、作家，教書(shū)可是其中最難的一行。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，教書(shū)是個(gè)會(huì)令人熬紅眼睛、掌心出汗、精神沮喪的職業(yè)。說(shuō)熬紅眼睛,這是因?yàn)槲彝砩喜还軅湔n到多晚,總覺(jué)得準(zhǔn)備得還不充分。說(shuō)掌心出汗，是因?yàn)槲铱邕M(jìn)教室之前總是非常緊張，自信學(xué)生一定會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)我其實(shí)是個(gè)傻瓜笨蛋。說(shuō)精神沮喪，這是因?yàn)槲?小時(shí)后走出教室時(shí)，確信這堂課上得比平常還要平淡無(wú)味。

我之所以教書(shū)，也不是因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為自己能夠解答問(wèn)題，或者因?yàn)槲矣袧M(mǎn)腹學(xué)問(wèn)，非與別人分享不可。有時(shí)我感到很吃驚，學(xué)生竟真的把我課上講的東西做了筆記！

這樣說(shuō)來(lái)，我為什么還要教書(shū)呢？

我教書(shū)，是因?yàn)槲蚁矏?ài)校歷的步調(diào)。6月、7月和8月提供了一個(gè)供思考、研究和創(chuàng)作的機(jī)會(huì)。

我教書(shū)，是因?yàn)榻虒W(xué)是建立在“變化”這一基礎(chǔ)上的職業(yè)。教材還是原來(lái)的教材，但我自身卻變了——更重要的是，我的學(xué)生變了。

我教書(shū)，是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g有讓自己犯錯(cuò)誤的自由，有自己吸取教訓(xùn)的自由，有激勵(lì)自己和激勵(lì)學(xué)生的自由。作為教師，我可以自行做主。如果我想要求一年級(jí)的學(xué)生通過(guò)自行編寫(xiě)課本的辦法來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)寫(xiě)作，誰(shuí)能說(shuō)我不可以那樣做呢？這樣的課程也許會(huì)徹底失敗，但我們都可以從失敗的嘗試中獲得教益。

我教書(shū)，是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g學(xué)生提出必須絞盡腦汁才能回答的問(wèn)題。我們這個(gè)世界有無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的正確答案來(lái)對(duì)付拙劣的問(wèn)題。何況我在教學(xué)過(guò)程有時(shí)也會(huì)想到一些出色的問(wèn)題。

我教書(shū)，是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g想方設(shè)法使自己和我的學(xué)生從象牙塔里走出來(lái)，進(jìn)入現(xiàn)實(shí)世界。我曾經(jīng)開(kāi)過(guò)一門(mén)叫做“在工業(yè)技術(shù)社會(huì)里如何自力更生”的課程。我教的15位學(xué)生讀了愛(ài)默生、梭羅和赫胥黎的作品，記了日記，還寫(xiě)了學(xué)期論文。

但除此之外，我們還辦起一個(gè)公司，借錢(qián)買(mǎi)下一所破舊的房屋，通過(guò)整修翻新這一建筑物，我們就自力更生對(duì)這一課題進(jìn)行了一次實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。學(xué)期結(jié)束時(shí)我們把房子賣(mài)掉，還清貸款，繳了稅，余下的收益分給了參加實(shí)踐的學(xué)生。

所以說(shuō)，教學(xué)使我的工作進(jìn)程有了規(guī)律，使我的生活變得豐富多彩，教學(xué)向我提出了挑戰(zhàn)，也給了我不斷學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。

不過(guò)，我漏下了我要教書(shū)的最重要的幾個(gè)原因。

其中一個(gè)原因與維基有關(guān)。維基是我的第一個(gè)博士生。她精力旺盛，孜孜不倦地撰寫(xiě)她那篇論述14世紀(jì)一位不知名詩(shī)人的學(xué)術(shù)論文。她寫(xiě)了一些文章寄給學(xué)術(shù)刊物。這一切都由她獨(dú)立完成，我偶爾從旁略加指點(diǎn)。我親眼看到了她完成論文，看到她得知自己的文章被采用，親眼目睹她找到了工作并獲得了在哈佛大學(xué)當(dāng)研究員的職位，并著書(shū)論述她在做我學(xué)生時(shí)萌發(fā)的思想。

再一個(gè)原因與喬治有關(guān)。他開(kāi)始學(xué)的是工程學(xué)，后來(lái)他深信自己愛(ài)人勝過(guò)愛(ài)物，所以改學(xué)英語(yǔ)。

還有珍妮。她中途輟學(xué)，但是她的同學(xué)把她拉了回來(lái)，因?yàn)樗麄兿胱屗醋粤Ω夼f房這一項(xiàng)目的結(jié)果。我親眼看到她回來(lái)了。我親耳聽(tīng)到她對(duì)我說(shuō)，她后來(lái)對(duì)城市貧民產(chǎn)生了興趣，繼而成了捍衛(wèi)分民權(quán)的律師。

還要談一談清潔女工杰基。她憑直覺(jué)了解的事情比我們多數(shù)人通過(guò)分析弄清的東西還要多。杰基已經(jīng)決定讀完中學(xué)，然后還要上大學(xué)。

這些在我眼前成長(zhǎng)、變化的人，便是我要當(dāng)教師的真正原因。當(dāng)一名教師意味著做創(chuàng)造的見(jiàn)證人，他目睹人體開(kāi)始呼吸，開(kāi)始了生命。，不再教書(shū)，獲得“提升”，也許會(huì)給我?guī)?lái)金錢(qián)和權(quán)力?？墒俏椰F(xiàn)在也有錢(qián)。我拿了薪金去做自己樂(lè)意做的事：讀書(shū)、交談、提問(wèn)，妣如問(wèn)：“做個(gè)富翁有什么意思呢？”

我現(xiàn)在也有了權(quán)力。我有權(quán)力啟迪，有權(quán)激發(fā)才智，有權(quán)開(kāi)出書(shū)目，有權(quán)指點(diǎn)迷津。還有其他什么權(quán)力比這更值得考慮呢？

但教書(shū)還會(huì)帶來(lái)金錢(qián)和權(quán)力以外的東西：那就是愛(ài)。不僅是愛(ài)學(xué)習(xí)、愛(ài)書(shū)本、愛(ài)思想，而且還有老師對(duì)出類(lèi)拔萃的學(xué)生的愛(ài)。這樣的學(xué)生走進(jìn)了老師的生活，他們自己也開(kāi)始成長(zhǎng)了。愛(ài)這個(gè)字也許用得不恰當(dāng)：說(shuō)是方魔力可能更合適些。

我教書(shū)，是因?yàn)榕c開(kāi)始成長(zhǎng)的學(xué)生朝夕相處，我有時(shí)感到自己也和他們一起開(kāi)始成長(zhǎng)了。