第一篇：英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

一.單詞短語(yǔ)句型（目標(biāo)表短語(yǔ)很重要，熟讀）

二.作文:看課件范文,熟讀

三.語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn):復(fù)習(xí)1-8復(fù)習(xí)題,綜合版報(bào)紙,目標(biāo)表選擇題上的題,尤其是自己做錯(cuò)的題

四.聽(tīng)力:多聽(tīng),考前最少練一篇.五.閱讀：把問(wèn)題在文章中找到一樣的句子，問(wèn)題找不到，就看選項(xiàng)給的答案哪個(gè)在文中有出現(xiàn)。

六.做綜合復(fù)習(xí)題:能力訓(xùn)練,綜合訓(xùn)練.報(bào)紙.

第二篇：英語(yǔ)教學(xué)法復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

英語(yǔ)教學(xué)法復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

1.Structural view on language：The structural view of language sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems: the sound system(phonology);the discrete units of meaning produced by sound combinations(morphology), and the system of combining units of meaning for communication(syntax).Each language has a finite number of such structural items.To learn a language means to learn these structural items so as to be able to understand and produce language.When this structural view of language was combined with the stimulus-response principles of behavioristic psychology, the audiolingual approach to language learning emerged.2.Interactional view on language：The interactional view considers language to be a communicative tool, whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people.Therefore, learners not only need to know the grammar and

vocabulary of the language but as importantly they need to know the rules for using them in a whole range of communicative contexts.3.Communicative competence：The goal of CLT is to develop students'

communicative competence, which includes both the knowledge about the language and the knowledge about how to use the language appropriately in communicative situations.There are five main components of communicative competence: linguistic

competence, pragmatic competence, discourse competence, strategic competence, fluency

4.Task in English language teaching：Task-based Language Teaching is a further development of Communicative Language Teaching.It shares the same beliefs，as language should be learned as close as possible to how it is used in real life.However, it has stressed the importance to combine form-focused teaching with communicative-focused teaching.5.Overall language ability：

? Learning:cognitive;self management;communication;resourcing

? Language learning: listening;speaking;reading;writing

? Language: phonetics;grammar;vocabulary;functions;topics

? Cultural: knowledge;understanding;awareness

? Affect: international;perspectives;patriotism;confidence;motivation

6.Components of a lesson plan：background information;teaching aims;language contents and skills;stages and procedures;teaching aids;end of lesson summary;optional activities and assignments;after-lesson reflection.7.The role of the teacher：controller, assessor, organizer, prompter, participant, resource-provider, facilitators, guides, researchers

8.Errors and mistakes：a mistake has nothing to do with the language competence, but a result from a temporary breakdown.When a mistake is challenged or given enough attention, it can be self-corrected.An error has direct relation with the learners' language competence.Errors do not result from carelessness nor hesitation, but lack of knowledge in the target language.Language errors cannot be self-corrected no matter how much attention is given.9.The goal of teaching pronunciation：Consistency: the pronunciation should be smooth and natural;Intelligibility: the pronunciation should be understandable to the listeners;Communicative efficiency: the pronunciation should help convey the meaning that is intended by the speaker.10.Principles for teaching speaking：balancing accuracy-based with fluency-based practices;contextualising practice;personalising practice;building up confidence;maximising meaningful interactions;helping students develop speaking strategies;making the best use of classroom learning environment to provide sufficient language input and practice for the students.11.Mechanical practice：involves activities that are aimed at form accuracy.By doing mechanical practice, the students pay repeated attention to a key element in a structure.Substitution and transformation drills are most frequently used in mechanical practice.12.Meaningful practice：in meaningful practice, the focus is on the production, comprehension or exchange of meaning though the students 'keep an eye on' the way newly learned structures are used in to process.Meaningful practice usually comes after mechanical practice.13.The deductive method：relies on reasoning, analyzing and comparing.Frist, the teacher writes an example on the board or draws attention to an example in the textbook.Then the teacher explains the underlying rules regarding the forms and positions of certain structural terms.Sometimes, comparisons are made between the native language and the target language or between the newly presented structure and previously learned structure.Finally, the students practice applying the rule to produce sentences with given prompts.14.Guided discovery method：The guided discovery method is similar to the inductive method in that the students are induced to discover rules by themselves but different in that the process of the discovery is carefully guided and assisted by the teacher and the rules are then elicited and taught explicitly.There are two key theoretical issues related to this method: the role of explicit knowledge in language learning and the value of discovery as a general method of learning.15.Knowing a word：Knowing a word means knowing its pronunciation and stress;its

spelling and grammatical properties;its meaning;how and when to use it to express the intended meaning.16.Vocabulary consolidation activities：labelling;spot the difference;describe and draw;play a game;use word series;word bingo;word association;find synonyms and antonyms;categories;using word net-work

17.Connotative meaning of a word：A connotative meaning of a word refers to 'the attitudes or emotions of a language user in choosing a word and the influence of these on the listener or reader's interpretation of the word.These would include words that may express a positive or negative attitude or subtle feelings towards something.18.Denotative meaning of a word：Denotative meaning of a word of a lexical item refers to those words that we use to label things as regards real objects, such as a name or a sigh, etc.in the physical world.This is usually the primary meaning of a word and may seem relatively easy to learn.19.Vocabulary learning strategies：review regularly, guess meaning from context, organize vocabulary effectively, use a dictionary, manage strategy use

20.Top-down model of listening：In the top-down model, listening for gist and making use of the contextual clues and background knowledge to construct meaning are emphasized.21.Bottom-up model of listening：In the bottom-up model, listening comprehension is believed to start with sound and meaning recognitions.In other word, 'we use information in the speech itself to try to comprehend the meaning'.Listeners construct meaning of what they hear based on the sound they hear.This process of listening expects the listener to have a very effective short-term memory as they have to make sense of every sound in order to figure out the meaning of words, phrases and structures.If there are unfamiliar sounds, listeners will find it very hard to keep up with the speaker.22.Sight vocabulary：Words that one is able to recognise immediately are often referred to as sight vocabulary.In other words, your sight vocabulary will be those words that you can recognise with both sounds and meanings without special effort from your brain.23.Interactive model for teaching reading：

24.The transition device：The way to transfer information from one form to another is called a transition device.Some transition devices that are often used in teaching

reading are: pictures, drawings, maps, tables, tree diagrams, cyclic diagrams, pie charts, bar charts, flowcharts, chronological sequence, subtitles and notes.Most of the transition devices listed above make use of visual aids so that information in text form is visualized.The purpose of transition device:

?Focus attention on the main meaning of the text;

?Be able to simplify sophisticated input so that it becomes the basis for output;?Allow students to perform tasks while they are reading;

?Highlight the main structural organization of a text/part of a text, and show how the structure relates to meaning;

?Involve all the students in clearly defined reading tasks;

?Precede one step at a time;

?When a TD is completed, use it as a basis for further oral and/or written language practice.25.A communicative approach to writing：It acknowledges that mechanical writing activities do not by themselves motivate students.To motivate students, it is necessary to engage them in some act of communication.This means either writing for a specific recipient, or engaging in an act of creative writing where their work is intended to be read by other people, in other words, an intended audience.In short, students can be motivated by authentic writing tasks that have some communicative elements.26.The process approach to writing：creating a motivation to write, brainstorming, mapping, freewriting, outlining, drafting, editing, revising, proofreading, conferencing

第三篇：成人高考大專(zhuān)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

成人高考（高中起點(diǎn)升專(zhuān)科）英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

2010年成人高考專(zhuān)科（高中起點(diǎn)升專(zhuān)科）英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)范圍以2011版《全國(guó)各類(lèi)成人高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試教材（英語(yǔ)）》、《全國(guó)各類(lèi)成人高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試復(fù)習(xí)全真模擬試卷》為主，要認(rèn)真學(xué)懂、學(xué)會(huì)這兩本資料中的重點(diǎn)知識(shí)，最好能買(mǎi)一本成人高考（高中起點(diǎn)升專(zhuān)科）的詞匯書(shū)，背誦、記憶一些單詞，這樣將會(huì)有效地提高英語(yǔ)成績(jī)。具體復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)如下：

一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)

一、第一單元語(yǔ)音 P1－P8

二、第二單元語(yǔ)法

（一）詞法

1.P10－P131.2（可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞）1.3（名詞的數(shù)）1.4（名詞的所有格）

2.P14－P172.1（不定冠詞的用法）2.2（定冠詞的用法）2.3（零冠詞）

3.P22－P273.4（不定代詞）

4.P35－P385.2（形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成）5.3（形容詞比較級(jí)的用法）

5.4（形容詞最高級(jí)的用法）

5.P40－P426.2（副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成）6.3（副詞比較級(jí)的用法）（副詞最高級(jí)的用法）

6.P46Cmust 和 have to 的用法

7.P47－P48V.常用的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

8.P49－P677.2（動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)）

9.P68－P727.3（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

10.P73－P767.4（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）

11.P76－P927.5（非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）

（二）句法

1.P104－P1091.2（簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句）2.1（簡(jiǎn)單句的結(jié)構(gòu)）2.2（陳述句）

2.P114－P115III（反義疑問(wèn)句）IV（選擇疑問(wèn)句）

3.P121－P1304.1（主語(yǔ)從句）4.3（賓語(yǔ)從句）4.4（同位語(yǔ)從句）4.5（定語(yǔ)從

句）

4.P139－P1436.（倒裝語(yǔ)序）7.（主謂一致）

二、專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1.P144－P1661.語(yǔ)音2.詞匯與語(yǔ)法 3.完形填空4.閱讀理解 5.書(shū)面表達(dá)要求：必須深入理解各部分的解題指導(dǎo)所講述解題方法，做好相應(yīng)的配套練習(xí)，要

能夠背誦書(shū)面表達(dá)的幾個(gè)作文的英文答案的關(guān)鍵句型（就是文章的開(kāi)頭、每段的開(kāi)頭、文章的結(jié)尾），尤其是里面的應(yīng)用文格式必須熟記。

2.P167－P190 是書(shū)上所有練習(xí)的答案

3.P191－P193 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的三種形式要求必須牢記

三、強(qiáng)化練習(xí)

1.P202－P218 所提供的樣題和2009年成人高考考試的真題必須認(rèn)真做

2.保證每周做一套《全國(guó)各類(lèi)成人高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試復(fù)習(xí)全真模擬試卷》的8套模擬試卷

第四篇：2016年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

2016年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

一、語(yǔ)法詞匯

addict: v.使沉溺于(addict oneself to(= be addicted to)沉溺于，熱中于)

in addition/加上, 又, 另外;in addition to/加上, 除...外;

additional adj.附加的, 另外的;補(bǔ)充的

address n.收信(件)人的住址 v.對(duì)...講演或發(fā)表演說(shuō);(address a meeting 向大會(huì)致辭)

adequate adj.足夠的,恰當(dāng)?shù)?勝任的(be adequate for..勝任…)(adequate – enough –sufficient足夠的)

adjust v.調(diào)整;調(diào)節(jié);使適應(yīng)(adjust oneself to sth./ 使自己適應(yīng)..)

admire v.贊美;贊賞;(admire sb.for sth./因…而欽佩某人)

admit v.讓...進(jìn)入, 使獲得(某種地位或特權(quán)), 承認(rèn)(事實(shí)、錯(cuò)誤等)(admit sb.into the university/獲準(zhǔn)入大學(xué);admit sb.to hospital/把某人收治入院);

adopt v.采用, 采納(adopt –take采用)

adult n.成年人(adult –grown-up成年人)

advance v./n.提高(物價(jià)等), 增加(數(shù)量、價(jià)錢(qián)等), 提前, 加速, 撥快(時(shí)針)(in advance/ 預(yù)先)(advance-increase增加(數(shù)量、價(jià)錢(qián)等))

advantage n.優(yōu)勢(shì), 長(zhǎng)處, 利益, 便利(take advantage of/ 利用，欺騙)(advantageacccept), 呈(態(tài)度, 姿態(tài), 位置)(assume new duties/ 承擔(dān)新的職務(wù);assume office/就職;assume responsibility/負(fù)責(zé), 承擔(dān)責(zé)任);

assure v.保證(assume-ensure)，使安心，讓…放心(assure sb.of/that…/向某人保證…)

astonish v.使吃驚(astonish – surprise –shock)(be astonished at sth./對(duì)…感到驚訝);

astronaut n.宇航員

at prep.[位置，場(chǎng)所，地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間]在…時(shí)，在…中，在…方面，向，(表示速度，價(jià)格等)以(arrive at…/到達(dá)…;at my uncle's/在我叔父家;at the foot[top] of the mountain / 在山腳下[頂上];at the meeting/在會(huì)議上;at ten o'clock/ 在十點(diǎn)鐘;at(the age of)forty/在 40 歲的時(shí)候;at the beginning of the month/ 在月初;at Christmas/在圣誕節(jié);aim at…/對(duì)準(zhǔn)..;throw …at …/朝…扔…;be pleased at…/對(duì)…感到高興;be surprised [frightened] at …/聽(tīng)到…而吃驚;at one's request/應(yīng)某人的請(qǐng)求;at the rate/speed of …/以每小時(shí)..速度);

athlete: n.運(yùn)動(dòng)員

Atlantic adj.大西洋的;大西洋沿岸的(the Atlantic Ocean /大西洋);

atmosphere n.大氣, 空氣, 氣氛;

attack n./v.進(jìn)攻, 疾病)侵襲，發(fā)作(a heart attack /心臟病發(fā)作);

attach v.貼上，系上，縛上(attach… to … 把…貼/系在…上面)

attempt n.(常與at, on, to連用)努力, 嘗試v.(常與to連用)企圖, 嘗試(attempt to do sth./make an attempt to do sth./試圖做…);

attend v.注意, 出席(at), 參加, 上(學(xué), 教堂)(attend school /上學(xué);attend a lecture /聽(tīng)講課;attend(at)a wedding /出席婚禮;be attended by/ 由...陪同;由...照料);

attention n.注意, 關(guān)心, 關(guān)注, 注意力(pay attention to../注意..);

attitude n.態(tài)度, 看法, 意見(jiàn)(attitude to/towards…/對(duì)…的態(tài)度, take [assumed] an attitude of 取…態(tài)度);

attract vt.吸引(attract –appeal to), 誘惑(attract one?s attention/引起某人注意);

attractive adj.有吸引力的(attractive – appealing), 漂亮的(attractive – beautiful – pretty);

attribute vt.把...歸因于(to)..., n.屬性, 特質(zhì), 標(biāo)志(attribute..to../ 把...歸因于);

audience n.聽(tīng)眾, 觀眾, 讀者(a large audience/很多觀眾);

August n.八月(略作Aug);

aunt n.伯母, 嬸母, 舅母, 阿姨;

Australia n.澳大利亞，澳洲:

author n.作家, 著者(best author暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)作者;joint author/合著者);

authority n.權(quán)威, 權(quán)力, 權(quán)勢(shì), [pl.]當(dāng)局, 負(fù)責(zé)人;

automatic adj.自動(dòng)的,機(jī)械的;

automobile n.汽車(chē)，小汽車(chē);

autumn n.秋, 秋季(美國(guó)普通稱(chēng)fall)(in autumn/在秋天;in(the)late autumn/在晚[深]秋);

available adj.可用到的, 可利用的, 有用的, 有空的;

average n.平均,平均水平,平均數(shù) adj.通常的,平均的(above the average/在一般水平以上, 中上;below the average/在一般水平以下;on the [an] average/平均);

avoid v.避免;回避;(avoid –escape避免)

aware adj.[用作表語(yǔ)]知道的;意識(shí)到的(be aware of/知道, 意識(shí)到;be aware that.../發(fā)覺(jué), 注意到);(conscious – aware意識(shí)到的)

away adv.離開(kāi), 遠(yuǎn)離(Go away!/走開(kāi)!;keep away from../與..保持距離;run away/逃掉;take sth.away/拿走;right away/立刻, 馬上;far away/在遠(yuǎn)處);awful adj.可怕的, 極壞的(awful –terrible可怕的)

二、完形填空

Where Have All Our Visitors Gone?

Sixty years ago, a man named Kenneth Arnold saw something that people are still __1__ today-something that changed popular culture for ever.Flying his plane over mountains in the US state of Washington, he saw a line of strange objects, either crescent-shaped or disc-like, flying __2__ the motion of a saucer skimming on water.The media soon picked up on the story-the Flying Saucers were here1!Was the earth being __3__ by creatures from another planet? Soon，so many sightings were made that the US military began to __4__.It called these strange objects UFOs-Unidentified Flying Objects, and that is how they are __5__ today.Military investigations found no evidence of visitors from outer space.But that did not stop the true __6__.The military were __7__ up, they said.Or __8__ it was because the travelers from space were of such superior intelligence that they could hide from the most sophisticated military analysts.People have always seen strange lights in the sky.In the past these were explained in__9__ ways.In a world where religion was less influential and science fiction was popular, signs from god were replaced by visitors from other __10__.The date of the first UFO signings was also significant.In 1947, World War II had just ended and the __11__ war was just beginning.Humanity seemed locked in endless conflicts.Like generations before them, people looked __12__ the skies for help.But instead of seeking God, they looked for help from super-intelligent aliens with __13__ technology.Belief in UFOs became the first religion of science.However, even people who believe in UFOs are not quite sure why they visit the earth.The universe is a big place and it is __14__ to assume that there is life somewhere out there.It is possible that aliens have worked out how to travel through space.Yet some people report that they have been taken by aliens and have had experiments __15__ on them.Why would anyone travel across half the universe to conduct medical experiments on people living in small towns in the United States?

詞匯：

crescent n.月牙，月牙形物 saucer n.碟

skim v.飛速掠過(guò) alien n.外星人

練習(xí)：

1.A)looking B)seeing C)seeking D)feeling

2.A)below B)underneath C)with D)under

3.A)ruled B)bombarded C)captured D)visited

4.A)investigate B)attack C)shoot D)confront

5.A)named B)called C)known D)dubbed

6.A)believers B)thinkers C)followers D)liars

7.A)hiding B)covering C)cheating D)tricking

8.A)definitely B)undoubtedly C)necessarily D)maybe

9.A)awkward B)crude C)religious D)foolish

10.A)planets B)continents C)countries.D)regions

11.A)cool B)star C)nuclear D)cold

12.A)above B)to C)at D)up

13.A)traditional B)backward C)classical D)advanced

14.A)unthinkable B)impossible C)reasonable D)insensible

15.A)performed B)carried C)brought D)taken 完型填空答題思路：

1.分析文章標(biāo)題，了解文章主題，確認(rèn)文章主題詞;

2.對(duì)比被選項(xiàng)，推測(cè)答案可能出自的范圍;

3.關(guān)注空格兩端結(jié)構(gòu)，借助空格所在的局部搭配結(jié)構(gòu)及搭配語(yǔ)意判斷答案;答案與解析：

1.分析文章主題：

Where(在哪里，什么地方)Have All Our Visitors(來(lái)賓，訪問(wèn)者)Gone?

文章主題詞：visitors, go(去，變成，到達(dá))

2.直接解題：

1.A)looking(看, 看起來(lái)，調(diào)查，神情，外表)B)seeing(看見(jiàn), 了解, 領(lǐng)會(huì))

C)seeking(尋找, 探索)D)feeling(摸, 感覺(jué)，感覺(jué)，激情)

Sixty years ago(以前), a man named(命名)Kenneth Arnold saw something that people are still(仍然，更，靜止的)__1__ today –something(某物/某事)that changed(改變)popular culture(大眾文化)for ever(永遠(yuǎn)).1.B see和look這兩個(gè)詞詞義相關(guān)，因此首先重點(diǎn)關(guān)注。空格前面出現(xiàn)了動(dòng)詞saw(see的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài))，因此 B是答案的可能性較大(提示1：上下文的用詞特點(diǎn)(上下文常常通過(guò)使用同一詞匯/近義詞/詞匯/反義詞形成上下文意義的銜接))。look是不及物動(dòng)詞，而see 既可用作及物動(dòng)詞也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞?？崭裉幍膭?dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞充當(dāng)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，因此B是答案。

考點(diǎn)：考察近義詞的辨析

2.A)below(在...下面)B)underneath(在...下面)

C)with(有，用，以，由于，贊成)D)under(在...之下，在...領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，少于)

Flying(駕駛飛機(jī)，飛行，乘飛機(jī))his plane(飛機(jī))over mountains(山，山脈)in the US state of Washington(華盛頓州), he saw a line of(一隊(duì)，一行)strange(奇怪的，陌生的)objects(物體), either crescent(新月)-shaped or(或者...或者...)disc-like(像盤(pán)子形狀的), flying __2__ the motion(運(yùn)動(dòng))of a saucer(碟子)skimming on(輕輕掠過(guò))water

2.C 四個(gè)詞都是介詞。其中below、underneath和under是方位介詞，這三個(gè)介詞互為近義詞，因此彼此排除掉(提示2：備選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的近義詞詞組通常是干擾項(xiàng))，因此答案只能是with(with是方式介詞)。With所在的句子結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)“...以碟子飛速掠過(guò)水面的移動(dòng)方式飛著”。

考點(diǎn)：常見(jiàn)介詞的基本用法。

3.A)ruled(規(guī)則，統(tǒng)治，規(guī)定，統(tǒng)治)B)bombarded(炮轟，轟擊)C)captured(捕獲，奪取)D)visited(拜訪，訪問(wèn))

The media(媒體)soon picked up on(詳細(xì)描述)the story(故事)-the Flying Saucers(飛碟)were here!Was the earth(地球)being __3__ by creatures(生物)from another planet(行星)?

3.D 選項(xiàng)D是文章主題詞(visitors)的家族詞匯，因此D可能是答案(提示3：文章主題詞/文章主題詞的近義詞/文章主題詞的家族詞匯可能是答案)。第三段的第一句話(huà)(Military(軍事的)investigations(調(diào)查)found(發(fā)現(xiàn))no evidence(證據(jù))of visitors(客人)from outer space(外層空間).)說(shuō)“軍事調(diào)查并沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)能證明從外層空間來(lái)了客人的證據(jù)”，由此判斷空格處用visited上下文意義呼應(yīng)。

考點(diǎn)：文章主題詞/上下文意義銜接詞

4.A)investigate(調(diào)查，研究)B)attack(攻擊，(疾病突然)發(fā)作)

C)shoot(射擊，拍攝)D)confront(使面對(duì))

Soon(很快，不久)，so(如此，因此)many sightings(目睹事件，視力)were made that the US military(軍事的)began(開(kāi)始)to __4__.4.A 空格處需要出現(xiàn)不及物動(dòng)詞，因此首先排除D(及物動(dòng)詞)。該句說(shuō)“不久由于出現(xiàn)了這么多的目擊事件，以至于美國(guó)軍方開(kāi)始...”, 根據(jù)該句句意判斷A(調(diào)查)出現(xiàn)在空格中最恰當(dāng)。

考點(diǎn)：常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞的辨析/上下文意義銜接詞

5.A)named(命名, 任命，名字)B)called(呼吁，命名，打電話(huà))

C)known(知道，了解，分辨，知名的)D)dubbed(配音，授予稱(chēng)號(hào)，鼓聲)

It called these strange(奇怪的，陌生的)objects(物體，反對(duì))UFOs(不明飛行物)-Unidentified Flying Objects, and that is how(怎樣，多么)they are __5__ today.5.C name和call是近義詞，都可以表示“命名”，因此在“命名”這個(gè)詞義上彼此排除掉，name雖然還有“任命，提名”這樣的詞義，但這樣的詞義放入空格中意義不通(空格所在的句子結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)“那就是現(xiàn)在它們(不明飛行物)怎樣被...的”)，因此A和B都不是答案。剩下的選項(xiàng)中選項(xiàng)C(了解)放入空格中意義通順(那就是不明飛行物怎樣被人們知道的)，因此答案為C。

考點(diǎn)：常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞的辨析

6.A)believers(信徒)B)thinkers(思想家)

C)followers(追隨者)D)liars(說(shuō)謊者)

7.A)hiding(隱藏, 隱瞞)B)covering(覆蓋, 包括, 蓋子, 封面)

C)cheating(欺騙)D)tricking(欺騙，詭計(jì)，訣竅)

Military investigations(調(diào)查)found no evidence(證據(jù))of visitors from outer space(外層空間).But that did not stop(停止，阻止，車(chē)站)the true(真正的，忠實(shí)的，真實(shí)的)__6__.The military(軍事的)were __7__ up, they said.6.A 空格所在的句子說(shuō)“但是那(軍事調(diào)查沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)有外空來(lái)訪者的證據(jù))不能阻止真正的...”由此可以看出，最合適的詞是believers。

考點(diǎn)：詞義相關(guān)詞的辨析/上下文之間的意義關(guān)系(轉(zhuǎn)折)

7.B 只有cover可以跟up搭配。因此選擇covering。Cover up是固定搭配，其含義為“掩蓋”。

考點(diǎn)：固定搭配結(jié)構(gòu)(動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))

補(bǔ)充相似短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：

go up上升, 增長(zhǎng)

stand up站起來(lái)

set up 設(shè)立, 豎立, 創(chuàng)(紀(jì)錄)

take up 拿起, 開(kāi)始從事, 占據(jù)

put up舉起, 抬起, 推舉

use up用完, 耗盡

drink up 喝光

8.A)definitely(明確地，肯定地)B)undoubtedly(毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地)

C)necessarily(必要地，必定地)D)maybe(可能)

Or(或者，否則，即)__8__ it was because(因?yàn)?the travelers(旅行者)from space(太空)were of such superior(出眾的，較高的)intelligence(智力)that they could hide from(躲避，避開(kāi))the most sophisticated(高度發(fā)展的，老練的)military analysts(分析家).8.D 備選項(xiàng)中A，B和C詞義接近：都可以表示“肯定地”，因此彼此排除掉，答案只能為D。其實(shí)空格所在句子的第一個(gè)詞是or(或者)，表示兩種情況都有可能，因此只有用maybe在語(yǔ)義上才是一致的。

考點(diǎn)：常見(jiàn)副詞的辨析。

9.A)awkward(笨拙的)B)crude(天然的，未加工的)

C)religious(宗教上的)D)foolish(愚蠢的)

People have always seen strange lights(燈，發(fā)光體, 光)in the sky(在天空中).In the past(在過(guò)去)these were explained(解釋)in__9__ ways.9.C 根據(jù)空格所在的局部結(jié)構(gòu)“were explained in...ways/以...的方式被解釋”判斷B(天然的，未加工的)出現(xiàn)在空格中不合適。借助接下來(lái)的句子“In a world(世界)where religion(宗教)was less(較少地)influential(有影響力的)…”(在一個(gè)宗教的影響不如以前……的世界里)，判斷合適的選項(xiàng)是religious。

考點(diǎn)：上下文意義銜接詞

10.A)planets(行星)B)continents(大陸，陸地)

C)countries(國(guó)家，鄉(xiāng)村)D)regions(區(qū)域，領(lǐng)域)

In a world(世界)where religion(宗教)was less influential(有影響力的)and science fiction(科幻小說(shuō))was popular(流行的，受歡迎的), signs(標(biāo)記，記號(hào)，跡象，示意)from god(上帝)were replaced by(被...替代)visitors from other __10__.10.A 本文的主題是講不明飛行物，也就是講來(lái)自外星球的人，因此合適的選擇是planets。

考點(diǎn)：文章主題。

11.A)cool(涼爽的，冷漠的，使冷，使鎮(zhèn)定)B)star(恒星，明星)C)nuclear(核子的，原子核的，中心的)D)cold(寒冷，感冒，寒冷的，不熱情的)

The date(日期，日子，約會(huì))of the first(第一的，首先)UFO signings(跡象)was also(也，同樣地)significant(有意義的，重大的).In 1947, World War II(第2次世界大戰(zhàn))had just ended(結(jié)束)and the __11__ war was just beginning.11.D 正確地回答這道題需要有一點(diǎn)世界知識(shí)。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后冷戰(zhàn)開(kāi)始，因此選擇cold是正確的。核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)(nuclear war)如果會(huì)發(fā)生的話(huà)，文明早就消失了。cold war是冷戰(zhàn)。

考點(diǎn)：固定搭配結(jié)構(gòu)(名詞性的短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu))

12.A)above(在...上方，在上面，上面的)B)to(向，往，到...為止，比，到(程度，范圍))

C)at(在，在...方面)D)up(向上，到(較高的地方)，向上，沿著)

Humanity(人類(lèi)，仁慈)seemed locked in(被封閉在)endless(無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的)conflicts(斗爭(zhēng)，沖突).Like generations(一代人，產(chǎn)生)before them, people looked __12__ the skies for(為了)help(幫助).12.B look to是依賴(lài)。Look to...for...是指“為了...而指望...”。因此to是合適的選擇。相關(guān)的句子說(shuō)的是：跟先輩們一樣，人們乞求老天來(lái)幫助他們。look at是“看”，Look up是“往上看，查尋 ”。look up是一個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)，look up在表示“往上看”時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞性的短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。

look up 往上看

I am wondering(對(duì)...感到吃驚，想知道)why they are looking up.我想知道為什么他們都向上看。

Look up 表示“查詢(xún)”時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞性的短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：

When you do not understand(理解)a word, you can look it up in this dictionary(字典).當(dāng)你不懂一個(gè)單詞時(shí)，可以查這本詞典。

考點(diǎn)：固定搭配結(jié)構(gòu)(動(dòng)詞性的短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu))

13.A)traditional(傳統(tǒng)的，慣例的)B)backward(向后(地)的，相反(地)的，落后(地)的)

C)classical(古典的)D)advanced(高級(jí)的，先進(jìn)的)

But instead of(不是...)seeking(尋求)God(上帝), they looked for(尋找)help from super-intelligent(有超常智慧的)aliens(外國(guó)人，外星人，外國(guó)的，不同的)with __13__ technology(技術(shù)).Belief in(相信...的存在)UFOs became(變成，成為)the first(首要的，第一的)religion(宗教，信仰)of science.13.D 空格所在的局部結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)“aliens with...technology/有著...技術(shù)的外星人”，由此判斷D(先進(jìn)的)是答案。

考點(diǎn)：常見(jiàn)形容詞的辨析(通過(guò)派生法而形成的形容詞)職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)教材

14.A)unthinkable(不能想象的，不可思議的)B)impossible(不可能的)

C)reasonable(合理的)D)insensible(無(wú)知覺(jué)的，難以察覺(jué)的)

However(然而), even(甚至，平均的，使平等)people who believe in(相信)UFOs are not quite sure(對(duì)...確信的，必定地)why they visit(訪問(wèn)，參觀)the earth.The universe(宇宙)is a big(大的，重要的)place(地方)and it is __14__ to assume(假定，設(shè)想)that there is(有)life(生命)somewhere(在某處)out there(在那邊).14.C 與空格所在的句子并列的句子說(shuō)：宇宙是一個(gè)很大的地方。從這句話(huà)可以推出，我們有理由假設(shè)在那兒有生命的存在。因此，選reasonable是對(duì)的。

考點(diǎn)：it句型

15.A)performed(做，表演，完成任務(wù))B)carried(攜帶)

C)brought(帶來(lái))D)taken(拿走,占領(lǐng), 獲得, 接受)

It is possible(可能的)that aliens have worked out(設(shè)計(jì)出，計(jì)算出，可以解決)how to travel(旅行)through(穿過(guò))space.Yet some people report(報(bào)告)that they have been taken by(被帶走)aliens and have had experiments(實(shí)驗(yàn)，做實(shí)驗(yàn))__15__ on them.15.A 根據(jù)空格所在的局部結(jié)構(gòu)“have had experiments...on them/使實(shí)驗(yàn)在他們身上被...”判斷A(做)是答案。

考點(diǎn)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)/常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞的辨析

Why would anyone(任何人)travel across(越過(guò))half(一半的，一半，部分地)the universe(宇宙)to conduct(做，管理)medical(醫(yī)學(xué)的)experiments on people living(生活，活的，起作用的)in small(小的)towns(城鎮(zhèn))in the United States(美國(guó))?

三、補(bǔ)全短文

A Heroic Woman

The whole of the United States cheered its latest hero,Ashley Smith,with the Federal Bureau of investigation saying it was planning to give a big reward to her for having a brave heart and wise mind.__(46)___.She was moving into her apartment in Atlanta, Georgia early on the morning of March 12,when a man followed her to her door and put a gun to her side.“I started walking to my door, and I felt really, really afraid,”she said in a TV interview last week.The man was Brian Nichols,33.He was suspected of killing three people at an Atlanta courthouse(法院)on March 11 and later of killing a federal agent.__(47)___.Nichols tied Smith up with tape, but released her after she repeatedly begged him not to take her life.“I told him if he hurt me, my little girl wouldn?t have a mummy,”she said.In order to calm the man down, she read to him from“The Purpose-Driven Life”,a best-selling religious book.He asked her to repeat a paragraph“about what you thought your purpose in life was-what talents were you given.”___(48)___.“I basically just talked to him and tried to gain his trust,” Smith said.Smith said she asked Nichols why he chose her.“He said he thought I was an angel sent from God, and we were Christian sister and brother,”she said.“And that he was lost, and that God led him to me to tell him that he had hurt a lot of people.”___(49)___.She said Nichols was surprised when she made him breakfast and that the two of them watched television coverage(報(bào)道)of the police hunt for him.“I cannot believe that?s me,”Nichols told the woman.Then, Nichols asked Smith what she thought he should do.She said,“I think you should turn yourself in.If you don?t, lots more people are going to get hurt.”

Eventually, he let her go.___(50)___.A US$60,000 reward had been posted for Nichols? capture.Authorities said they did not yet know if Smith would be eligible(有資格的)for that money.A The local police were searching for him.B Smith is a 26-year-old single mother with a daughter.C Smith tried very hard to kill Nichols.D She even cooked breakfast for the man before he allowed her to leave.E And the two of them discussed this topic.F Then she called the police.答案與解析：

1.分析文章標(biāo)題：a heroic(英勇的)woman

2.分析被選項(xiàng)，注意被選項(xiàng)中的篇章詞匯：

A The local(當(dāng)?shù)氐?police(警方)were searching for(搜查)him.B Smith is a 26-year-old single(單身的)mother with a daughter(女兒).C Smith tried very hard(努力地)to kill(殺死)Nichols.D She even(甚至)cooked breakfast(早餐)for the man before(在...之前)he allowed(允許)her to leave(離開(kāi)).E And the two of them discussed(討論)this topic(話(huà)題，主題).F Then she called the police(警方).提示1：

被選項(xiàng)中的篇章詞匯必須要在空格前文中有呼應(yīng)的內(nèi)容(篇章)，這樣被選項(xiàng)才可能是空格處的答案;

提示2：

被選項(xiàng)中只要有兩處或兩處以上的詞語(yǔ)及結(jié)構(gòu)與空格前后語(yǔ)句中的詞語(yǔ)與結(jié)構(gòu)形成呼應(yīng)(同一個(gè)單詞的反復(fù)再現(xiàn)，家族詞匯的呼應(yīng)，近義詞/反義詞之間的呼應(yīng)，主題相關(guān)詞的呼應(yīng))，則該被選項(xiàng)很可能就是答案;

3.直接解題：

A The local(當(dāng)?shù)氐?police(警方)were searching for(搜查)him.B Smith is a 26-year-old single(單身的)mother with a daughter(女兒).C Smith tried very hard(努力地)to kill(殺死)Nichols.D She even(甚至)cooked breakfast(早餐)for the man before(在...之前)he allowed(允許)her to leave(離開(kāi)).E And the two of them discussed(討論)this topic(話(huà)題，主題).F Then she called the police(警方).(B Smith is a 26-year-old single(單身的)mother with a daughter(女兒)).(C Smith tried very hard(努力地)to kill(殺死)Nichols.)

The whole of the United States cheered its latest hero, Ashley Smith, with the Federal Bureau of investigation saying it was planning to give a big reward to her for having a brave heart and wise mind.___(46)___.She was moving into her apartment(公寓)in Atlanta(亞特蘭大), Georgia(喬治亞州)early on the morning of March 12,when a man followed(跟隨，理解)her to her door and put a gun to her side(旁邊，側(cè)面，一方).“I started walking to my door, and I felt really, really afraid,”she said in a TV interview last week.The man was Brian Nichols,33.He was suspected of(被懷疑)killing(殺死)three people at an Atlanta(亞特蘭大)courthouse(法院)on March 11 and later(隨后，稍后)of killing a federal agent(聯(lián)邦警察).___(47)___.46.B.C中的Nichols在前文中沒(méi)有呼應(yīng)的內(nèi)容(姓名的全名)，因此判斷C不正確，B是答案。

47.A.A中的him與空格前句中的he呼應(yīng)，而空格前句中的courthouse與A中的the police是主題相關(guān)詞，因此A很可能是答案。

B Smith is a 26-year-old single(單身的)mother with a daughter(女兒).C Smith tried very hard(努力地)to kill(殺死)Nichols.D She even(甚至)cooked breakfast(早餐)for the man before(在...之前)he allowed(允許)her to leave(離開(kāi)).E And the two of them discussed this topic(話(huà)題，主題).F Then she called the police(警方).Nichols tied Smith up with tape, but released her after she repeatedly begged him not to take her life.“I told him if he hurt me, my little girl wouldn?t have a mummy,”she said.In order to calm the man down, she read to him from“The Purpose-Driven Life”,a best-selling religious book.He asked her to repeat(重復(fù))a paragraph(段落)“about what you thought your purpose(目的)in life(人生)was-what talents(才華)were you given(給).” ___(48)___.48.E.空格前句中的he, her正好于選項(xiàng)E中的the two of them(他們兩個(gè))呼應(yīng)，空格前句中的paragraph與E中的topic構(gòu)成主題相關(guān)詞。

B Smith is a 26-year-old single(單身的)mother with a daughter(女兒).C Smith tried very hard(努力地)to kill(殺死)Nichols.D She even(甚至)cooked breakfast(早餐)for the man before(在...之前)he allowed(允許)her to leave(離開(kāi)).F Then she called the police(警方).“I basically just talked to him and tried to gain his trust,” Smith said.Smith said she asked Nichols why he chose her.“He said he thought I was an angel sent from God, and we were Christian sister and brother,”she said.“And that he was lost, and that God led him to me to tell him that he had hurt a lot of people.” __(49)___.She said Nichols was surprised(感到驚訝的)when she made him breakfast(早餐)and that the two of them watched(看，監(jiān)視，看守)television(電視)coverage(報(bào)道)of the police hunt for(搜尋)him.“I cannot believe that?s me,”Nichols told the woman.Then, Nichols asked Smith what she thought he should do.She said,“I think you should turn yourself in.If you don?t, lots more people are going to get hurt.”

49.D.D 中的she與空格后句中的she呼應(yīng)，D中的breakfast 與空格后句中的breakfast呼應(yīng)。

B Smith is a 26-year-old single(單身的)mother with a daughter(女兒).C Smith tried very hard(努力地)to kill(殺死)Nichols.F Then she called the police(警方).Eventually(最后), he let her go.__(50)___.A US $60,000 reward(獎(jiǎng)金)had been posted(宣布)for Nichols? capture(捕獲).Authorities(權(quán)威人士，權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu))said they did not yet(還)know if Smith would be eligible(有資格的)for that money.50.F.空格前句與F在句意上自然銜接。

提示：

如果被選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了標(biāo)志事件發(fā)展順序的副詞(如：then, and, eventually, finally, in the end)，則該選項(xiàng)成為答案的可能性較大。

四、概括大意與完成句子

How did English Become a Global Language

1.The rise of English is a remarkable tale as Professor David Crystal reminds us in his attractive，short book “English has a Global language.”

2.It is certainly quite a theme.When Julius Caesar landed in Britain more than 2，000 years ago，English did not exist.Five hundred years later，English，virtually incomprehensible to modern ears，was probably spoken by about as few people as currently speak Cherokee，the language of a small North American Indian tribe-and with little influence.About 1，000 years later，at the end of the 16th century，and after the Norman Conquest，the Reformation and the arrival of commercial printing technology，English was the native speech of between 5 million and 7 million people.And yet now look at it.As the second millennium approaches，English is more widely scattered，more widely spoken and written than any other language has never been.In the title of the book，it has become a truly global language.According to David Crystal，about 2.09 billion people，well over one-third of the world s population are routinely exposed to it.3.As he rightly points out，what is impressive about this staggering figure is： “not so much the grand total but the speed with which expansion has taken place since the 1950 s.In 1950，the case for English as a world language would have been no more than plausible.Fifty years on and the case is virtually won.”

4.So what happened?

5.Someone once said that a language is a dialect with an army and a navy.In other words，when the British navy set out to conquer the world，is set out an “army” of English speakers.As the British empire spread throughout the world，English became the basis of law，commerce and education.The British empire was succeed by another(the American)，which shared virtually the same linguistic heritage.American English，which has become the rocket-fuel of the English language，has magically found its way into areas undreamed of 40，let alone 400 years ago.The most valuable part of Crystal s study is the section devoted to a speedy analysis of the cultural basis of this global reach，notably the influence of broadcasting，press，advertising，popular music and film.He is also up-to-date and informative in his identification of the World-Wide-Web as a powerful reinforcer of American cultural and linguistic dominance.7.One of his most interesting passages concerns the role played by the League of Nations，and later the Untied Nations，in spreading English as an international language in the aftermath of the two world wars.8.What does the future hold? To this question，Crystal proposes the recognition of a new form of English-WSSE(world standard Spoken English)-which almost by definition rules out the possibility that English would fragment into mutually unintelligible language as Latin once did.“English，in some shape or form，will find itself in the service of the world community forever，” Crystal writes.1.Paragraph 2____

2.Paragraph 3____

3.Paragraph 5____

4.Paragraph 6____

A The figure of English

B The speed of the spread of English

C The role played by culture and the net

D The role played by military expansion

E The role played by education

F The 2，000 years of English

5.The kind of English spoken 1，500 years ago was so different from the English we speak today____.6.What impresses people most is not the interesting number of speakers of English found all over the world，____ the language has spread in the past half century or so.7.The two international organizations founded after the two world wars made their contributions____.8.Crystal expresses the belief that in the future ____ will not happen to English.A because of their similarity

B that we would not be able to understand it at all

C to the popularization of English as a world language

D the trend to become a global language

E what once happened to Latin

F but the speed with which Keys： FBDCB FCE

五、閱讀判斷

Will Hillary Be the Next American President?

Back in 1969, US President Richard Nixon confidently predicted: “In the next 50 years, we shall see a woman president, perhaps sooner than you think.”

Today, not too far off Nixon?s deadline, America is looking at that possibility.Over the weekend, Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife of former president Bill Clinton, announced her run for 2008 presidency.US polls indicate that Americans feel comfortable with a female president.A New York Times survey found nearly all Americans saying they would vote for president if she were qualified.However, accepting the theoretical notion of a female leader is quite different from voting an actual woman.In fact, there is still widespread distrust of a woman in the top position.This is partly due to the biased thinking that women are weak on national security, though they might be strong on education and health care.This damages their prospects as a presidential contender.“There?s still an inherent nervousness on the part of voters putting a woman in as the ultimate decision-maker.Control of the army and border security are sorts of traditionally male jobs,”commented Amy Walter,an American campaign analyst.“That?s where I think voters consciously or unconsciously have difficulties with women candidates.”

Women have held the top job in other major Western countries.In 1979, Britain elected Margaret Thatcher prime minister.Last year, Germany made Angela Merkel its first female chancellor.In the US, no woman has succeeded in being nominated as a presidential candidate.One woman did make the attempt: Elizabeth Dole.In 1999,she tried to get the Republican Party nomination.But Dole could only raise $ 5 million for her bid-compared with the $ 56 million George W.Bush raised.So Barriers lie ahead for Hillary if she wants to make history by becoming the first female US president.With the Iraqi war underway, she?ll find it even harder.“I don?t feel that our society is ready for a woman president.The enemy we face does not respect females the same way we have come to see them as equals.If we were not in this war,I would support a woman president,”said Chris Dildy, a computer engineering student.1.Up to the present, no woman has been elected president in the US.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

2.Bill Clinton will strongly support Hillary to run for the 2008 presidency.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

3.American people will elect a woman president of the United States in 2008.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

4.One of Hillary?s campaign promises is to reform the nation?s health care system.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

5.Germans elected a woman chancellor last year.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

6.Hillary has already raised a large anount of campaign fund.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

7.Chris Dildy will vote for Hillary.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 答案與解析：

1.分析文章標(biāo)題：Will Hillary(希拉里)Be the Next(下一個(gè)的)American President(總統(tǒng))?

2.直接解題：

1.Up to the present(至今), no woman has been elected(曾經(jīng)被選為)president(總統(tǒng))in the US.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

1.A.問(wèn)題句說(shuō)“迄今為止在美國(guó)沒(méi)有一個(gè)女人曾經(jīng)被選舉為總統(tǒng)”。關(guān)注文章開(kāi)頭部分的句子，利用問(wèn)題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞women(女人)和up to the present作為答案線(xiàn)索，在文章中找到答案相關(guān)句：(第1段)Back(向后地)in 1969, US President Richard Nixon confidently(充滿(mǎn)自信地)predicted(預(yù)言): “In the next(下一個(gè))50 years, we shall see(看見(jiàn))a woman president(總統(tǒng)), perhaps(可能)sooner than you think.”該句說(shuō)“1969年，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)Richard Nixon 很有信心地預(yù)測(cè)： ?在下一個(gè)50年里, 我們將會(huì)看見(jiàn)一個(gè)女總統(tǒng)，這或許比你想象的更快些?”。根據(jù)該句內(nèi)容可以推斷出在1969年以前美國(guó)沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò)女總統(tǒng)，而人們期望從1969年到2019年期間美國(guó)會(huì)出現(xiàn)女總統(tǒng)。但根據(jù)該句內(nèi)容無(wú)法判斷出從1969年到2019年期間美國(guó)是否出現(xiàn)了女總統(tǒng)，因此接著關(guān)注答案相關(guān)句周邊的句子。文章接下來(lái)的句子(第2段)說(shuō)“Today,not too far(太遠(yuǎn))off(離開(kāi)，距離)Nixon?s deadline(最終期限), America is looking at(正在關(guān)注)that possibility(可能性).”該句說(shuō)“今天距離Nixon總統(tǒng)給出的最終期限已經(jīng)不遠(yuǎn)了，美國(guó)人現(xiàn)在正關(guān)注這可能性”。相鄰語(yǔ)句句意相關(guān)，顯然，定冠詞結(jié)構(gòu)“the possibility”指答案相關(guān)句中提到的“可能出現(xiàn)美國(guó)女總統(tǒng)”。從該句中可以推斷出“從1969年到現(xiàn)在為止，美國(guó)還沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)女總統(tǒng)”。因此問(wèn)題句提供了正確信息。

考點(diǎn)：指示代詞結(jié)構(gòu)指代的內(nèi)容(that possibility)+ 推斷能力

2.Bill Clinton will strongly(強(qiáng)有力地，堅(jiān)固地)support(支持)Hillary to run for(競(jìng)選)the 2008 presidency(任期，總統(tǒng)職位).A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

2.C.問(wèn)題句說(shuō)“Bill Clinton將強(qiáng)力支持Hillary參加2008年總統(tǒng)選舉”。該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。利用問(wèn)題句中的特征詞Bill Clinton和2008 presidency 作為答案線(xiàn)索，在文章中查找到答案相關(guān)句：(第2段第2句)Over(在...期間)the weekend(周末), Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife(妻子)of former(以前的)president Bill Clinton, announced(宣布)her run for(競(jìng)選)2008 presidency.該句只是提到Hillary是Bill Clinton的妻子，而文章的其部分沒(méi)有再提到Bill Clinton，由此判斷問(wèn)題句的信息在文章中沒(méi)有被提到。

考點(diǎn)：細(xì)節(jié)信息的查找和確認(rèn)

3.American(美國(guó)的)people will elect(選舉，選擇)a woman president of the United States in 2008.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

3.B.問(wèn)題句說(shuō)“美國(guó)人民在2008年將選一位女總統(tǒng)”。該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。利用問(wèn)題句中的特征信息2008作為答案線(xiàn)索，在文章中找到答案相關(guān)句：(第2段第2句)Over the weekend, Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife of former president Bill Clinton, announced(宣布)her run for(競(jìng)選)2008 presidency.該句只是提到Hillary宣布她要競(jìng)選2008年的總統(tǒng)職位。顯然該句內(nèi)容與問(wèn)題句內(nèi)容不相關(guān)，因此接著關(guān)注答案相關(guān)句周邊的句子。文章接下來(lái)的句子(第4段)說(shuō)：However(然而), accepting(接受，認(rèn)可)the theoretical(理論的)notion(概念，觀念)of a female(女性的)leader(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者)is quite(十分，完全)different from(與...不同)voting(投票選舉)an actual(實(shí)際的，真正的)woman.In fact(實(shí)事上), there is(有)still(仍然)widespread(普遍的)distrust(不信任)of a woman in the top(頂部的;最高的)position(職位，位置).該句說(shuō)“接受女總統(tǒng)這個(gè)概念不等同于同意投票選舉出一位女總統(tǒng)。事實(shí)上，人們?nèi)匀黄毡椴幌嘈排四軇偃晤I(lǐng)袖的職位”。由此可見(jiàn)問(wèn)題句提供的信息錯(cuò)誤。

考點(diǎn)：推斷能力。

4.One of(...之一)Hillary?s campaign(競(jìng)選運(yùn)動(dòng))promises(承諾)is to reform(改革)the nation?s health care system(醫(yī)療保健制度).A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

4.C.問(wèn)題句說(shuō)“Hillary的一個(gè)競(jìng)選承諾是改革國(guó)家的醫(yī)療制度?！痹擃}為細(xì)節(jié)題。利用問(wèn)題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息health care system(醫(yī)療保健制度)作為答案線(xiàn)索，在文章中找到答案相關(guān)句(第5段第1句)：This is partly(部分地)due to(因?yàn)?the biased(偏見(jiàn)的)thinking(思想)that women are weak(軟弱的，虛弱的)on national security(國(guó)家安全), though(盡管)they might be strong(強(qiáng)大的)on education(教育)and health care(醫(yī)療保健).該句只是說(shuō)“女人做教育和醫(yī)療方面的工作有優(yōu)勢(shì)”，但沒(méi)有說(shuō)Hillary的一個(gè)競(jìng)選承諾式改革國(guó)家的醫(yī)療制度，因此問(wèn)題句的信息在文章中沒(méi)有被提到。

考點(diǎn)：細(xì)節(jié)信息的查找和確認(rèn)

5.Germans(德國(guó)人)elected(選擇)a woman chancellor(總理，大臣)last year(去年).A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

5.A.問(wèn)題句說(shuō)“德國(guó)去年選了一個(gè)女總理”，利用問(wèn)題句中的特征詞Germans和細(xì)節(jié)信息詞woman chancellor作為答案線(xiàn)索，在文章中找到答案相關(guān)句：Last years, Germany made(使成為)Angela Merkel its first female chancellor.該句說(shuō)“去年，德國(guó)選舉了Angela Merkel為德國(guó)第一位女總理”，因此問(wèn)題句提供了正確信息。

考點(diǎn)：多義詞詞義的確認(rèn)。

6.Hillary has already raised(已經(jīng)募集了)a large amount of(大量的)campaign fund(資金).A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

6.C.問(wèn)題句說(shuō)“Hillary 已經(jīng)籌集到了一大筆競(jìng)選款”，利用問(wèn)題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息campaign fund(競(jìng)選款)作為答案線(xiàn)索，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)該詞以及與改詞詞義相近的詞語(yǔ)均沒(méi)有在文章中出現(xiàn)，因此判斷問(wèn)題句的信息在文章中沒(méi)有被提到。

考點(diǎn)：細(xì)節(jié)信息的查找和確認(rèn)

7.Chris Dildy will vote for(投票支持)Hillary.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

7.B.問(wèn)題句說(shuō)“Chris Dildy 要投Hillary的票”。利用問(wèn)題句中的特征詞Chris Dildy作為答案線(xiàn)索，在文章中找到答案相關(guān)句(文章最后一句)：“If we were not in this war, I would support(支持)a woman president”, said Chris Dildy, a computer(計(jì)算機(jī))engineering(工程)student.該句說(shuō)“如果我們沒(méi)有在打這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，我會(huì)支持選一位女總統(tǒng)”，虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示與事實(shí)相反，或事先可能性較小的假設(shè)。因此這句話(huà)得實(shí)際語(yǔ)義是“我們現(xiàn)在卷入了一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之中，因此我是不會(huì)支持女總統(tǒng)的”。由此可見(jiàn)問(wèn)題句的說(shuō)法不正確。

考點(diǎn): 虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

六、閱讀理解

閱讀下面的短文。每篇短文的后面有五個(gè)問(wèn)題，每個(gè)問(wèn)題有四個(gè)備選答案。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。每個(gè)試題計(jì)3分,共計(jì)15分

The Only Way Is Up

Think of a modem city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline.It is full of great buildings，pointing like fingers to heaven.It is true that some cities don?t permit buildings to go above a certain height.But these are cities concerned with the past.The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.When people gather together in cities，they create a demand for land.Since cities are places where money is made，that demand can be met.And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground.That means building upwards.The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century.But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor.They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs.People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work，or home.Elisha Otis，a US inventor，was the man who brought us the lift-or elevator，as he preferred to call it.However，most of the technology is very old.Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids.What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake，which stops the lift falling ifthe cords that hold it up are broken.It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention1.In fact，he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds，giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now.Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring.Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating.The reason is simple.Scientists have always studied animals in zoos.The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts2.“It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space3 we carry around with us-and you just can?t choose to move away，”says workplace psychologist，Gary Fitzgibbon.Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions，he says.Some people are scared of them.Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss.Some stand close to the door.Others hide in the comers.Most people try and shrink into the background.But some behave in a way that makes others notice them.There are a few people who just stand in a comer taking notes.Don?t worry about them.They fire probably from a university.詞匯：

skyline/5skaIlaIn/n.空中輪廓線(xiàn) pulley/5pulI/n.滑輪fairground/5feE^raJnd/n.集市場(chǎng)地 bubble/5bQbl/n.幻想、妄想

tension/5tenFEn/n.緊張

練習(xí)：

1.“...these are cities concerned with the past”in the first paragraph refer to cities that

A)are worried about their past.B)have a glorious past to be proud of.C)want to maintain their traditional image.D)are very interested in their own history.2.The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in

A)the shortage of money.B)the lack ora device to carry people upward.C)backward technology.D)mountains taking up land space.3.When Otis came up with the idea of a lift，A)he sold it to the architects and builders immediately.B)the Egyptians used it to build the Pyramids.C)it was accepted favorably by the public.D)most people had doubt about its safety.4.Which of the tbllowing best describes the experience of going in a lift now?

A)Fascinating.B)Uninteresting.C)Frightening.D)Exciting.5.Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behaviour because

A)here humans behave the way animals do.B)people in a lift are all scared.C)here some people take notes.D)in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks.答案與題解：

1.C be concemed with是“關(guān)心、關(guān)注”的意思，顧可排除B和D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)前面一句話(huà)，these cities是指那些不允許建筑物超出一定高度的城市，即不愿意改變固有形象的城市。

2.B 本題答案的依據(jù)在第三段。文中說(shuō)早在19世紀(jì)建造高樓的技術(shù)已經(jīng)存在，限制樓高的因素只有一個(gè)，那就是人們下班回家后不想像爬山那樣去爬樓梯，說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)還沒(méi)有找到把人往高處送的辦法。

3.D 答案在第四段，Otis發(fā)明的剎車(chē)使人們對(duì)這個(gè)新玩意兒增加了信心，他在游樂(lè)場(chǎng)里讓大家試乘了幾年才把這個(gè)想法出售給建筑師和營(yíng)造商。

4.B 現(xiàn)在電梯已經(jīng)十分普通，沒(méi)有人會(huì)覺(jué)得乘電梯是件好玩的事。

5.D 電梯的空間狹小，相對(duì)擁擠，人們想要享有私人空間的要求在這里成了幻想，就如同關(guān)在動(dòng)物園的籠子里的動(dòng)物一般，這為心理學(xué)家提供了一個(gè)研究在這種情況下人的行為的難得的機(jī)會(huì)。

更多內(nèi)容請(qǐng)登陸天宇考王官網(wǎng)查看

第五篇：中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

時(shí)間：2010-10-11 作者： 來(lái)源：

（一）聽(tīng)力技能

1、目標(biāo)

聽(tīng)力測(cè)試是評(píng)價(jià)學(xué)生從有聲材料中獲取信息的能力。其評(píng)價(jià)目標(biāo)為通過(guò)有關(guān)熟悉話(huà)題的對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白（短文），根據(jù)語(yǔ)調(diào)和重音，理解說(shuō)話(huà)者的意圖，并從中提取信息。

2、命題原則

聽(tīng)力材料口語(yǔ)化，增加信息輸入量，試題以特殊問(wèn)句方式給出，各選項(xiàng)一般為三個(gè)，問(wèn)題印在試卷上。

（二）知識(shí)運(yùn)用

知識(shí)運(yùn)用部分又分為兩節(jié)：“語(yǔ)法和詞匯”和“完形填空”。

1、語(yǔ)法和詞匯

語(yǔ)法和詞匯，即單項(xiàng)填空，主要考查考生的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的能力，以及對(duì)詞語(yǔ)和詞語(yǔ)搭配、習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)等的正確理解能力。這部分試題覆蓋面廣，淡化了語(yǔ)法，突出了語(yǔ)言的實(shí)用性，試題重點(diǎn)突出，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞用法能力的考查。從設(shè)計(jì)的角度看，這部分考查的重點(diǎn)不是語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯記憶，而是把語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)的測(cè)試放在適當(dāng)?shù)那榫爸校瑥?qiáng)調(diào)了語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用和交際功能。所以這里單純考查語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)的題數(shù)很少，大多數(shù)題目考查考生在特定語(yǔ)境中理解和運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法、詞匯等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的能力。單項(xiàng)選擇題的命題技術(shù)

A、要科學(xué)、合理地設(shè)計(jì)考點(diǎn)。

B、試題設(shè)計(jì)要具有嚴(yán)密的科學(xué)性和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性。

C、除測(cè)試特殊語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象外，每個(gè)選項(xiàng)放到題干里去時(shí)必須合乎語(yǔ)法。D、選項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)度要適當(dāng)、均衡。E、要保證試題的答案沒(méi)有爭(zhēng)議。F、題干越簡(jiǎn)潔越好。

G、要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)情景（上下文）的判斷推理能力

2、完型填空

“完型填空”試題的命制，基本上遵循“突出語(yǔ)篇，強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)用，注重實(shí)際”的設(shè)計(jì)思路。試題特點(diǎn)鮮明-----“考查考生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)詞匯知識(shí)的掌握情況”，即要求考生通讀短文，掌握文章大意，綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯、語(yǔ)法等知識(shí)，從試題所提供的詞匯、短語(yǔ)中判斷出是短文意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整的詞匯或短語(yǔ)。因此，完型填空題需要考生不僅具備扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)功底，而且要有很強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)篇分析和理解能力。在語(yǔ)篇中考查語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的靈活運(yùn)用能力，是中考英語(yǔ)試卷中最具挑戰(zhàn)性的項(xiàng)目，它有效地引領(lǐng)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)要重視語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的培養(yǎng)。正如新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提出的“基礎(chǔ)教育階段英語(yǔ)課程的總體目標(biāo)是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。”還提出：“詞匯教學(xué)更注重對(duì)詞匯所承載的深層含義的理解，也更注重表達(dá)的靈活性和恰當(dāng)性。詞匯教學(xué)更重視語(yǔ)篇的支持，重視文化的影響，語(yǔ)法教學(xué)不能只局限在語(yǔ)法的范疇內(nèi)，必須與邏輯思維聯(lián)系起來(lái)，與說(shuō)話(huà)人的意識(shí)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，與篇章語(yǔ)境聯(lián)系起來(lái)，與題材、體裁聯(lián)系起來(lái)，與詞匯的用法聯(lián)系起來(lái)，與文化聯(lián)系起來(lái)。”“語(yǔ)法教學(xué)，應(yīng)從語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的角度出發(fā)，把語(yǔ)言的形式、意義和用法有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來(lái)。要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在語(yǔ)境中了解和掌握語(yǔ)法的表意功能?！蓖晷吞羁疹}的考查導(dǎo)向明顯地體現(xiàn)了新一輪課程改革的精神，對(duì)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)和復(fù)習(xí)備考提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)，我們應(yīng)該研究和嘗試新的教學(xué)策略，思考如何在語(yǔ)言知識(shí)課上“教師講得少，學(xué)生想得多”。完型填空題考查趨勢(shì)明顯地由局部理解向整體理解轉(zhuǎn)移：試題考查點(diǎn)減少了單句層次的試題，明顯增加了語(yǔ)篇理解的試題；設(shè)問(wèn)角度突出考查對(duì)整、對(duì)上下文乃至全篇的理解。

1、考查點(diǎn)設(shè)置的三個(gè)層面

首先，“點(diǎn)”的層面。答題時(shí)只需考慮設(shè)空所在的句子的意思便可得出答案，屬于較易試題?？茖W(xué)的完型填空短文在空白設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)須易中難兼顧，大到整份試卷，具體到一篇短文的空白設(shè)計(jì)，應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮到效度、信度、難度和區(qū)分度。這就決定了15個(gè)空白的難易度不能一刀切，讓低水平的考生不沮喪，中等考生正常發(fā)揮，高水平的學(xué)生脫穎而出，這是選拔性考試的命題原則。

其次，“線(xiàn)”的層面。答題時(shí)需要弄清楚前后幾個(gè)句子甚至上下一兩段段意才能找出答案，屬于中等難度試題。例如：

最后，“面”的層面。考查考生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行邏輯分析，推理判斷能力。在做”點(diǎn)”、“先、線(xiàn)”的基礎(chǔ)上才能做好面的題。答題時(shí)必須通觀全文，從整體角度考慮才能判斷出最佳答案，屬于較難試題。

概括起來(lái)講，完型填空題項(xiàng)靈活、全面地考查了學(xué)生對(duì)某一詞匯、短語(yǔ)、句子、段落在閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上理解，進(jìn)而考查他們對(duì)全篇文章的掌握和理解情況。

2、完型填空試題設(shè)空與選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)

選材時(shí)代感強(qiáng)、思想健康，首句不設(shè)空，在布空方面以實(shí)詞為主，動(dòng)詞、名詞為核心，形容詞副詞鋪墊，充分體現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用的特征。試題一般做到如下方面：

1）素材難度控制方面適合初中畢業(yè)生水平；

2）原則上長(zhǎng)度界定在150－200個(gè)詞左右，即小題數(shù)的10倍這一較為理想的文長(zhǎng)； 3）15小題覆蓋面盡可能大；

4）回避正確選項(xiàng)在文章其他地方出現(xiàn)，沒(méi)有無(wú)原則送分現(xiàn)象； 5）三個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)只對(duì)正確答案起干擾作用，它們之間互不干擾； 6）做到答案的唯一性;7）布空均衡;8）考查目的明確,立足語(yǔ)篇理解.3、建議

首先,明確試題考查要求,提高復(fù)習(xí)備考的針對(duì)性和實(shí)效性.根據(jù)完型填空題的考查特點(diǎn),我們可以把該試題的考查要求概括為16個(gè)字：“信息常識(shí),上下呼應(yīng),搭配遣詞,邏輯貫通”,其考查核心可以說(shuō)是考查考生的復(fù)寫(xiě)能力。在此技能基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)而逐步形成書(shū)面表達(dá)時(shí)的行文邏輯、遣詞造句能力的提高。因此，考生必須運(yùn)用寫(xiě)文章的常識(shí)，解答完型填空試題：要使文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，必須要上下文互相呼應(yīng)。必須把握住“文中無(wú)閑句，句中無(wú)閑字”這一原則。每選一個(gè)選項(xiàng)都要考慮到選項(xiàng)所在的句子與上下問(wèn)有無(wú)必然的聯(lián)系，切不可由于錯(cuò)選而使選項(xiàng)所在的句子成為與上下文毫無(wú)聯(lián)系的閑句。詞匯方面注意根據(jù)語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行遣詞造句能力的提高，對(duì)文章理解應(yīng)能做到上下融會(huì)貫通，因?yàn)檫@是完型填空的考查重點(diǎn)之一。文章中若有上文的因?yàn)?，下文必有所以；上文若有其然，下文必有其所以然。閱讀短文需要考生從字里行間中仔細(xì)揣摩，在復(fù)寫(xiě)的過(guò)程中只有同原文作者的寫(xiě)作意圖相吻合，才能摸索出因?yàn)榕c所以，或其所然與其所以然之間的脈絡(luò)。所以要時(shí)時(shí)注意突出一個(gè)“思”字，例如可以加大無(wú)詞填空訓(xùn)練-----提高語(yǔ)篇意識(shí)、探究意識(shí)。

其次，通過(guò)語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐，夯實(shí)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。詞匯知識(shí)的訓(xùn)練突出一個(gè)“用”字，在使用中熟練掌握常用詞匯。尤其要加大對(duì)一詞多義、易混詞匯的練習(xí)和運(yùn)用，通過(guò)復(fù)習(xí)提高靈活運(yùn)用詞匯的能力。第三，朗誦、欣賞佳作佳篇，增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)感。完型填空試題的短文難度低于閱讀理解試題的短文，并且短文原汁原味，內(nèi)容貼近生活，讀來(lái)郎朗上口。如果能細(xì)細(xì)咀嚼，我們不僅能從中欣賞和感悟到優(yōu)美的語(yǔ)言，而且也能習(xí)得地道的英語(yǔ)。

（三）閱讀理解 語(yǔ)言是交流思想的工具，而閱讀是獲得較綜合、復(fù)雜、深刻信息的重要途徑。閱讀理解更體現(xiàn)了中考著重考查學(xué)生實(shí)際運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力，特別是閱讀能力的傾向。閱讀理解是語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)，比如對(duì)聽(tīng)力選項(xiàng)的理解、單項(xiàng)選擇題干的分析、改錯(cuò)題項(xiàng)整段文章的把握，都需要借助閱讀能力來(lái)完成。

1、閱讀理解能力測(cè)試要點(diǎn)

閱讀理解部分著重考查考生對(duì)有關(guān)日常生活話(huà)題文章的理解能力，通常內(nèi)容包括幾個(gè)重要的閱讀微技能：領(lǐng)悟文章的主旨；理解文章的具體細(xì)節(jié)；根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)生詞詞義；作出簡(jiǎn)單的判斷和推理；理解文章的脈絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)；揣測(cè)作者的意圖和態(tài)度等。閱讀理解測(cè)試的目的是考查學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀獲取信息的能力。

2、閱讀理解選材

文章語(yǔ)言地道、內(nèi)容清楚、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。短文使用的詞匯符合初中畢業(yè)生的認(rèn)知程度，文章長(zhǎng)短適宜，絕大部分考生能在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成閱讀、理解、作答。

體裁多樣化，包括議論文、記敘文、說(shuō)明文、應(yīng)用文、表格、廣告等。

題材豐富，涉及科普、社會(huì)、文化、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、人物介紹等。材料真實(shí)貼近生活、貼近現(xiàn)實(shí)。語(yǔ)言生動(dòng)規(guī)范，描寫(xiě)具體，推理嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。

文章后設(shè)問(wèn)形式兩種：一種是采用問(wèn)答或填空形式，被選答案是四個(gè)，其中只有一個(gè)是最合適的；另一種是根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答問(wèn)題。

關(guān)于語(yǔ)言文章的使用，具有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：

首先，遵循《大綱》或《課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的規(guī)定，所用詞匯絕大部分是中考詞匯表所規(guī)定的單詞，初三年級(jí)要求學(xué)會(huì)使用1200-1300個(gè)的單詞和200-300個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)或固定搭配；五級(jí)要求學(xué)會(huì)使用1500-1600個(gè)的單詞和200-300個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)或固定搭配；

其次，各卷都有少量詞匯表外的生詞出現(xiàn)，但它們基本可以從上下文的語(yǔ)境中猜出大概意義。有的不知其意，也不影響對(duì)全文的理解。

再次，有的所謂生詞是利用構(gòu)詞法演變而成的，實(shí)際上是舊詞。這類(lèi)次有逐年增多的趨勢(shì)。最后，文章使用的句式，基本上是常用的句型，其復(fù)雜程度和初中現(xiàn)行教材基本一致。

3、啟示

如何提高學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力

提高閱讀能力的辦法是指導(dǎo)學(xué)生不斷地閱讀。要注意把精讀和泛讀結(jié)合起來(lái)，日日?qǐng)?jiān)持，持之以恒，肯定會(huì)有所作為。

所謂精讀，就是仔細(xì)地一句一句，甚至一個(gè)詞一個(gè)詞地讀。弄清每一句的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)，理解每一句的用法。必要時(shí)，要查詞典，要請(qǐng)教別人，要反復(fù)看，甚至徹底弄明白為止。將較難的英文譯成中文，是檢驗(yàn)是否真正理解的一個(gè)好辦法。男局的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不完全取決于生詞的多與少，較長(zhǎng)的句子，雖然沒(méi)有生詞，但是學(xué)生們未能理解到位。原因在于精讀不精，泛讀量少，沒(méi)有對(duì)長(zhǎng)句子引起足夠的重視。

對(duì)于泛讀，好多人不太重視。其實(shí)泛讀對(duì)增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)感、增加語(yǔ)言使用經(jīng)驗(yàn)，好處極大。不會(huì)泛讀的人，其實(shí)不叫會(huì)閱讀。所謂泛讀，就是泛泛一讀，盡量不查辭典，不分析結(jié)構(gòu)，也不必字字必看。大概地讀，能明白文章基本意思即可。這種閱讀把主要注意力集中在故事內(nèi)容上，它會(huì)對(duì)語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生意想不到的好處。泛讀的東西很多，如書(shū)店中的各種簡(jiǎn)易讀物、雙語(yǔ)報(bào)、英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)報(bào)等。只要你想看，你會(huì)找到無(wú)盡的資源。如學(xué)生買(mǎi)不起，可以一人買(mǎi)一本，然后匯集在班上，這樣學(xué)生可以交換閱讀。

（四）寫(xiě)的技能 書(shū)面表達(dá)

英語(yǔ)試卷考查被試者的兩種功能，語(yǔ)言輸入功能和語(yǔ)言輸出功能。聽(tīng)與讀是知識(shí)的輸入功能，說(shuō)和寫(xiě)是知識(shí)的輸出功能。聽(tīng)、讀已在試卷中占有很大的權(quán)重。目前，說(shuō)，即口試還無(wú)法進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的操作，寫(xiě)-----書(shū)面表達(dá)的檢測(cè)作用就凸顯出來(lái)了。書(shū)面表達(dá)一直作為中考英語(yǔ)學(xué)科試卷的主觀測(cè)試題之一，主要基于英語(yǔ)作文這種測(cè)試題型能達(dá)到考查學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力的大部分要求。它通過(guò)限時(shí)的簡(jiǎn)單寫(xiě)作來(lái)考查學(xué)生是否能夠運(yùn)用學(xué)過(guò)的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)和掌握的技能進(jìn)行思想交流，學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作水平能否達(dá)到中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱和課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所規(guī)定的寫(xiě)作要求。1）書(shū)面表達(dá)的特點(diǎn)

緊扣教學(xué)大綱或課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)考生書(shū)面表達(dá)的要求；以有指導(dǎo)的寫(xiě)作為主，便于考生在短時(shí)間內(nèi)構(gòu)思成文；突出試題的交際性，考查學(xué)生在特定的情景中運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力；增強(qiáng)試題的使用性，所選話(huà)題貼近學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)生活，為學(xué)生所熟悉；易于表達(dá)，學(xué)生有話(huà)可寫(xiě)并且能夠?qū)?；要求考生能夠發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)和感想，留給學(xué)生足夠的寫(xiě)作空間。2）開(kāi)放題的命題技術(shù)

A、所提供的信息要清楚、準(zhǔn)確，要保證所有的學(xué)生都能理解。

B、書(shū)面表達(dá)要考查的是學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力。少糾纏錯(cuò)誤，注重表達(dá)的意義和流暢性。3）命題原則

A、測(cè)試任務(wù)的設(shè)定要適合學(xué)生的實(shí)際水平。如初級(jí)水平的學(xué)生可要求寫(xiě)短信、填表格等，高級(jí)水平的學(xué)生可要求寫(xiě)報(bào)告等。

B、提供交際情景。此類(lèi)情景有三個(gè)因素：寫(xiě)作目的、假定的作者和假定的讀者。

C、強(qiáng)調(diào)試題的真實(shí)性。真實(shí)性指題目設(shè)計(jì)是否與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用相似。真實(shí)性是語(yǔ)言試題質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)劣的重要標(biāo)志，與考試的效度緊密相關(guān)。真實(shí)性較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言試題一般效度也高，反之亦然。例如，要求一個(gè)中國(guó)學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)給不懂英語(yǔ)的父母寫(xiě)信就缺乏真實(shí)性。中考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)題對(duì)真實(shí)性有明確要求，試題的情景和要求“必須符合實(shí)際”。這里所說(shuō)的真實(shí)性是指考生將來(lái)有可能身臨類(lèi)似的英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用環(huán)境。

D、控制答題內(nèi)容。書(shū)面表達(dá)題不是自由作文，考生不能自主決定內(nèi)容和自由發(fā)揮。書(shū)面表達(dá)題通常用圖畫(huà)、圖表或文字提供內(nèi)容，考生答題時(shí)必須結(jié)合交際情景決定短文的主旨大意和主要細(xì)節(jié)；脫離了題目要求的基本內(nèi)容，語(yǔ)言寫(xiě)得再好也不可能得高分。4）應(yīng)對(duì)策略

A、立足課內(nèi)，從說(shuō)開(kāi)始

初中英語(yǔ)的書(shū)面表達(dá)其實(shí)就是口頭表達(dá)，即把要說(shuō)的話(huà)用筆寫(xiě)下來(lái)。課堂是大部分學(xué)生練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的主陣地，因此，立足課內(nèi)，抓住每一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，盡可能開(kāi)口多說(shuō)英語(yǔ)是根本。B、延伸課外，背、寫(xiě)、評(píng)跟上 開(kāi)啟“詞句百寶箱”

把有代表性的文章記憶背誦，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)感；把平時(shí)閱讀中看到的一些經(jīng)典的詞句、名言、格言“儲(chǔ)存”起來(lái)，時(shí)常誦讀。作文時(shí)能活學(xué)活用，是書(shū)面表達(dá)錦上添花。定格“生活小鏡頭”

養(yǎng)成寫(xiě)日記的好習(xí)慣，把生活中看到的、聽(tīng)到的、想到的記錄下來(lái)，也許就是以后書(shū)面表達(dá)時(shí)的很好的素材。

多管齊下，評(píng)價(jià)互動(dòng)

學(xué)生自主評(píng)價(jià)、學(xué)生互評(píng)、教師再評(píng)相結(jié)合，形成開(kāi)放式的評(píng)價(jià)體系，在反思、交流和老師的指導(dǎo)中體驗(yàn)到寫(xiě)作的樂(lè)趣