第一篇：英語(yǔ)作文高級(jí)寫作素材

英語(yǔ)作文高級(jí)寫作素材—背誦，日積月累，靈活運(yùn)用

1.According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.依照最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，每年有4，000，000人死于與吸煙有關(guān)的疾病。

2.The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的調(diào)查顯示相當(dāng)多的孩子對(duì)家庭作業(yè)沒(méi)什么好感。

3.No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.沒(méi)有一項(xiàng)發(fā)明像互聯(lián)網(wǎng)一樣同時(shí)受到如此多的贊揚(yáng)和批評(píng)。

4.People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.人們似乎忽視了教育不應(yīng)該隨著畢業(yè)而結(jié)束這一事實(shí)。

5.An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.越來(lái)越多的人開(kāi)始意識(shí)到教育不能隨著畢業(yè)而結(jié)束。

范文背誦：Smoking Is Harmful

According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.Many young boys and girls have the habit of smoking, though they are middle school students

As we all know, smoking does great harm to human beings.More and more people have come to realize how serious this problem is.But they are never bored with it.Some people think it is a kind of fashion, some think it is of great fun and others think that smoking can refresh themselves.Smoking causes many illnesses.A lot of people always cough because of smoking.The most serious illness caused by smoking is lung cancer.Meanwhile smoking is a waste of money.Besides, careless smokers may cause dangerous fires.In order to keep healthy, we should get rid of the bad habit of smoking.Please stop smoking at once.據(jù)說(shuō)，中國(guó)有一半人在吸煙。許多男孩和女孩都有吸煙的習(xí)慣，盡管他們還是中學(xué)生。眾所周知，吸煙對(duì)人身體有害。越來(lái)越多的人們認(rèn)識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性，但他們?nèi)匀粯?lè)此不疲。一些人認(rèn)為抽煙是一種時(shí)尚，一些人認(rèn)為抽煙很有趣，還有一些人認(rèn)為吸煙可以提神。

吸煙能導(dǎo)致很多疾病。由于吸煙，一些人一直在咳嗽。肺癌是吸煙導(dǎo)致的最嚴(yán)重的疾病。同時(shí)，吸煙很浪費(fèi)金錢。除此而外，粗心的煙民還可能引起火災(zāi)。

為了保證人們的身體健康，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)改掉吸煙的壞習(xí)慣。請(qǐng)立即停止吸煙吧。

第二篇：英語(yǔ)作文高級(jí)寫作素材—背誦,日積月累,靈活運(yùn)用

? 寫作中需要注意的問(wèn)題

1.整體要求

了解短文寫作的內(nèi)容及要求 把握好寫作步驟

寫作時(shí)要注意“三忌” 形式上要一致

避免犯小的筆誤（語(yǔ)法，拼寫）書(shū)寫規(guī)范，工整

2.形式上的一致也是運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行表達(dá)時(shí)需要十分注意的 a.主謂一致

b.人稱、指代要一致 c.平行(對(duì)稱)關(guān)系要一致

d.時(shí)態(tài)（語(yǔ)態(tài)）的起點(diǎn)要一致 3.書(shū)面表達(dá)注意銜接與連貫

表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞：but, while, however, yet, ratherthan, not … but, whereas,…

表示選擇關(guān)系的詞：or, either…or, …

表示原因，結(jié)果關(guān)系的詞：for, thus, because, since,… 表示并列關(guān)系：not only … but also, and, both … and,as well as.neither… nor.., …

表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的詞：when, while, as, before, after, ….表示目的的詞：for this purpose, so that, in order that, … 表示讓步關(guān)系的詞：although, though, even though/ if …

表示條件的詞：if, unless, as/ so long as,…

? 寫好主題句：

一.主題句在段落中常出現(xiàn)的位置由兩種。

1.段落開(kāi)端: 后面的句子提供支持信息或論證。

2.段落結(jié)尾：前面提供細(xì)節(jié)的支持句，最后用一句總結(jié)性的主題句來(lái)概括。二.寫好段落主題句的三原則

1.概括全段主要內(nèi)容，既不能以偏概全，也不能隨意擴(kuò)大范圍 2.有體現(xiàn)中心思想的關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)。

3.以簡(jiǎn)潔明了的句子為主，避免為追求使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)而導(dǎo)致理解錯(cuò)誤或主題不鮮明的句子。

? 寫好段落擴(kuò)展句

擴(kuò)展句是主題句的具體例證或有力支持。寫好擴(kuò)展句要注意以下三點(diǎn):

1.擴(kuò)展句要緊扣文章中心和主題句的內(nèi)容。擴(kuò)展句是主題句的補(bǔ)充和支持。2.擴(kuò)展句的層次很重要。一個(gè)主題句可以從以下幾方面展開(kāi)，每一個(gè)方面就是一個(gè)擴(kuò)展句。這些擴(kuò)展句只有按照時(shí)間，空間，因果等邏輯順序展開(kāi)，文章才能層次分明，條理清晰。

3.關(guān)聯(lián)詞對(duì)擴(kuò)展句來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。漢語(yǔ)注意思想相聯(lián)，英文強(qiáng)調(diào) 形式相聯(lián)。從屬于一個(gè)主題句的幾個(gè)擴(kuò)展句不能簡(jiǎn)單地堆砌 在一起了事，而要用豐富多采的連詞連接起來(lái)。

? 寫好結(jié)尾句

結(jié)尾句要緊扣段落主題，有要有所擴(kuò)展。結(jié)尾句要力求簡(jiǎn)潔有力，意味雋永。結(jié)尾句可以借鑒一下幾種方法： 1.總結(jié)法

2.引用法 引用名人名言是使作文大放異彩的好方法。3.反問(wèn)法

英語(yǔ)作文高級(jí)寫作素材—背誦，日積月累，靈活運(yùn)用

1.According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.依照最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，每年有4，000，000人死于與吸煙有關(guān)的疾病。

2.The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的調(diào)查顯示相當(dāng)多的孩子對(duì)家庭作業(yè)沒(méi)什么好感。3.No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.沒(méi)有一項(xiàng)發(fā)明像互聯(lián)網(wǎng)一樣同時(shí)受到如此多的贊揚(yáng)和批評(píng)。4.People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.人們似乎忽視了教育不應(yīng)該隨著畢業(yè)而結(jié)束這一事實(shí)。

5.An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.越來(lái)越多的人開(kāi)始意識(shí)到教育不能隨著畢業(yè)而結(jié)束。

范文背誦：Smoking Is Harmful

According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.Many young boys and girls have the habit of smoking, though they are middle school students

As we all know, smoking does great harm to human beings.More and more people have come to realize how serious this problem is.But they are never bored with it.Some people think it is a kind of fashion, some think it is of great fun and others think that smoking can refresh themselves.Smoking causes many illnesses.A lot of people always cough because of smoking.The most serious illness caused by smoking is lung cancer.Meanwhile smoking is a waste of money.Besides, careless smokers may cause dangerous fires.In order to keep healthy, we should get rid of the bad habit of smoking.Please stop smoking at once.據(jù)說(shuō)，中國(guó)有一半人在吸煙。許多男孩和女孩都有吸煙的習(xí)慣，盡管他們還是中學(xué)生。

眾所周知，吸煙對(duì)人身體有害。越來(lái)越多的人們認(rèn)識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性，但他們?nèi)匀粯?lè)此不疲。一些人認(rèn)為抽煙是一種時(shí)尚，一些人認(rèn)為抽煙很有趣，還有一些人認(rèn)為吸煙可以提神。

吸煙能導(dǎo)致很多疾病。由于吸煙，一些人一直在咳嗽。肺癌是吸煙導(dǎo)

致的最嚴(yán)重的疾病。同時(shí)，吸煙很浪費(fèi)金錢。除此而外，粗心的煙民還可能引起火災(zāi)。

為了保證人們的身體健康，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)改掉吸煙的壞習(xí)慣。請(qǐng)立即停止吸煙吧。

第三篇：英語(yǔ)寫作高級(jí)詞匯

相信大家都有這樣的感受，明明是背了很多的單詞，可寫作文時(shí)，總是用一些高中或小學(xué)的詞匯(又稱垃圾詞匯)。為了更好的克服這樣的情況，我總結(jié)了一些常用的替代語(yǔ)，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助：

垃圾詞匯1：help

典型例句：I’ll help you.替代語(yǔ)：accommodate

E.g: I’ll endeavor to accommodate you.垃圾詞匯2：helpful

典型例句：Sth is helpful(to sb)

替代語(yǔ)：conducive

E.g: Sth is conducive to sb

鑒于有些作文多關(guān)于道德和品格塑造，再給出兩個(gè)有用的短語(yǔ)：

time-honored時(shí)代賦予的do credit to our forbears繼承先輩的優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)

垃圾詞匯3：show

典型例句：as it shows in the picture

替代語(yǔ)：betray

垃圾詞匯4：think

典型例句：I think--------

替代語(yǔ)：deem

垃圾詞匯5：ugly

典型例句：xxx is ugly

替代語(yǔ)：hideous

垃圾詞匯6：by the way

典型例句：by the way,....替代語(yǔ)：incidentally,....垃圾詞匯7：because

典型例句：xxx because xxx

替代語(yǔ)：in that/in as much as

垃圾詞匯8：consider

典型例句：We must consider xxx

替代語(yǔ)：allow for

E.g.: We must allow for xxx

垃圾詞匯9：much

典型例句：There has been a much increase in the world population

替代語(yǔ)：There has been a drastic increase in the-----

垃圾詞匯10：about

典型例句：It is about 250 times of that

替代語(yǔ)：It is approximately---

垃圾詞匯11：buy

替代語(yǔ)：purchase

一、…the +-est + 名詞 +(that)+ 主詞 + have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read, etc)QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)…the most + 形容詞 + 名詞 +(that)+ 主詞 + have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read, etc)例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.海倫是我所看過(guò)最美麗的女孩。QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)Mr.Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

張老師是我曾經(jīng)遇到最仁慈的教師。QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

*

二、Nothing is +-er than to + V ；Nothing is + more + 形容詞 + than to + V QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

沒(méi)有比接受教育更重要的事。QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

*

三、…cannot emphasize the importance of …too much.（再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性也不為過(guò)。）例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

我們?cè)僭趺磸?qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)眼睛的重要性也不為過(guò)。*

四、There is no denying that + S + V...（不可否認(rèn)的……）例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)不可否認(rèn)的，我們的生活品質(zhì)已經(jīng)每況愈下。*

五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子……（全世界都知道……）例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)全世界都知道樹(shù)木對(duì)我們是不可或缺的。*

六、There is no doubt that + 句子……（毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的……）QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的我們的教育制度令人不滿意。QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

七、An advantage of …is that + 句子（……的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是……）QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create(produce)any pollution.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

使用太陽(yáng)能的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它不會(huì)制造任何污染。

八、The reason why + 句子…… is that + 句子（……的原因是……）QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.我們必須種樹(shù)的原因是它們能供應(yīng)我們新鮮的空氣。*

九、So + 形容詞 + be + 主詞 + that + 句子……（如此……以致于……）例句：So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.時(shí)間是如此珍貴，我們經(jīng)不起浪費(fèi)它。

十、Adj + as + Subject（主詞）+ be, S + V~（雖然……）QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.（by no means = in no way = on no account =at no time = in no case = in no sense = under no circumstances = not...in the least 一點(diǎn)也不）QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

雖然我們的國(guó)家富有，我們的生活品質(zhì)絕對(duì)令人不滿意。

十一、The +-er + S + V, …the +-er + S + V…QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

The + more + Adj + S + V, …the + more + Adj + S + V …（愈……愈……）例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

你愈努力，你愈進(jìn)步。QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

The more books we read, the more learned we become.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

我們書(shū)讀愈多，我們愈有學(xué)問(wèn)。

十二、By +Ving, …can…（借著...，..能夠..）例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

借著做運(yùn)動(dòng)，我們能夠始終保持健康。*

十三、…enable + Object（受詞）+ to + V（……使……能夠……）例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

聽(tīng)音樂(lè)使我們能夠感覺(jué)輕松。*

十四、On no account can we + V…（我們絕對(duì)不能……）例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

我們絕對(duì)不能忽略知識(shí)的價(jià)值。

十五、It is time + S + 過(guò)去式（該是……的時(shí)候了）例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

該是有關(guān)當(dāng)局采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧﹣?lái)解決交通問(wèn)題的時(shí)候了。

十六、Those who…（……的人……）例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

違反交通規(guī)定的人應(yīng)該受處罰。*

十七、There is no one but…（沒(méi)有人不……）例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

沒(méi)有人不渴望上大學(xué)。*

十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V（不得不……）例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

既然考試迫在眉睫，我不得不放棄做運(yùn)動(dòng)。*

十九、It is conceivable that + 句子（可想而知的）It is obvious that + 句子（明顯的）QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

It is apparent that + 句子（顯然的）例句： It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

可想而知，知識(shí)在我們的一生中扮演一個(gè)重要的角色。

二十、That is the reason why…（那就是……的原因）例句：Summer is sultry.That is the reason why I don't like it.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

夏天很燠熱。那就是我不喜歡它的原因。二

十一、For the past + 時(shí)間，S + 現(xiàn)在完成式（過(guò)去……年來(lái)，……一直……）例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

過(guò)去兩年來(lái)，我一直忙著準(zhǔn)備考試。二

十二、Since + S + 過(guò)去式，S + 現(xiàn)在完成式。例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

自從他上高中，他一直很用功。*二

十三、It pays to + V…（……是值得的。）例句：It pays to help others.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

幫助別人是值得的。二

十四、be based on（以……為基礎(chǔ)）例句：The progress of the society is based on harmony.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

社會(huì)的進(jìn)步是以和諧為基礎(chǔ)的。QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

*二

十五、Spare no effort to + V（不遺余力的）例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

我們應(yīng)該不遺余力的美化我們的環(huán)境。*二

十六、bring home to + 人 + 事（讓……明白……事）例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

我們應(yīng)該讓人們明白努力的價(jià)值。*二

十七、be closely related to…（與……息息相關(guān)）例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

做運(yùn)動(dòng)與健康息息相關(guān)。*二

十八、Get into the habit of + Ving QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

= make it a rule to + V（養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣）例句：We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成早睡早起的習(xí)慣。二

十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, …（因?yàn)椤㏎YK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

因?yàn)樗墓膭?lì)，我終于實(shí)現(xiàn)我的夢(mèng)想。QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

*三

十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

= How + Adj + a + N + V!（多么……?。㏎YK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

How important a thing it is to keep our promise!QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

遵守諾言是多么重要的事！QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

*三

十一、Leave much to be desired（令人不滿意）QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

我們的交通狀況令人不滿意。QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

*三

十二、Have a great influence on…（對(duì)……有很大的影響）QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

抽煙對(duì)我們的健康有很大的影響。QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

三

十三、do good to（對(duì)……有益），do harm to（對(duì)……有害）QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

例句：Reading does good to our mind.讀書(shū)對(duì)心靈有益。QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

Overwork does harm to health.工作過(guò)度對(duì)健康有害。QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

*三

十四、Pose a great threat to…（對(duì)……造成一大威脅）QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

污染對(duì)我們的生存造成一大威脅。QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

*三

十五、do one's utmost to + V = do one's best（盡全力去...）QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)

例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.QYK英語(yǔ)作文網(wǎng)我們應(yīng)盡全力去達(dá)成我們的人生目標(biāo)。

第四篇：英語(yǔ)寫作常用高級(jí)詞匯

英語(yǔ)寫作常用高級(jí)詞匯

? 常見(jiàn)得分詞匯替換表

（冒號(hào)前面的是我們習(xí)慣想到的詞，考試中盡量少用！一定要用后面的詞去替換前面）

We, everyone: any reasonable/sensitive soul/mind, talented minds, elite minds, versatile minds, personality, figures, celebrity, idiots, philosophic minds, genius More and more: increasingly，Big: enormous, tremendous, gigantic, titanic, astronomical, vast, boundless，Very: extremely, overwhelmingly, undeniably, remarkably, voluminously, excessively, exceedingly, tangibly, impressively, shockingly，F(xiàn)amous: renowned, celebrated, accomplished, distinguished, prominent, eminent, outstanding, preeminent，Good: spectacular, amazing, unbelievable, incredible, magnificent, adorable, fantastic, fascinating, admirable, respectable, cherishable, adorable, awesome, terrific, majestic，Bad: nightmarish, disgusting, despicable, monstrous, appalling, abhorring, repelling, repulsive, Important: significant, essential, basic, fundamental, indispensable, crucial, critical, decisive, determinant, dominant, predominant, infallible，Say, Believe，think: suppose, hold, claim, maintain, presume, assume, contend, argue, declare, I am convinced, conclude，Improve, better: further, promote, enhance, reinforce, strengthen, consolidate, cement, nurture, relieve, recover，Everyone knows: it’s a truth universally acknowledged that, It can never be denied，it is undeniable that，It goes without saying that，It is self evident that，It is highly advisably, imperative, remarkable that，It comforts one to know that?

?

常見(jiàn)替代詞匯解釋

1.accelerate: 后面接名詞，表示“加速”，中性詞，好事壞事都能用。2.adequate: “足夠的”，用來(lái)替代經(jīng)常被使用的enough。

3.advance: 名詞，“進(jìn)步，發(fā)展”，用來(lái)替代文章開(kāi)頭經(jīng)常使用的development，progress。4.advisable / sensible / rational: “合理的”，都可以替代reasonable。

5.cannot afford to: “不應(yīng)當(dāng)做”，不是我們說(shuō)的“負(fù)擔(dān)不起”。6.be alert to something: “對(duì)?保持警惕”，后面接消極概念。7.alternative: “其他的選擇或辦法”，比如an alternative is that? 相當(dāng)于in addition（除此之外）。

8.applicable / feasible / workable: 都表示“可行的”，用在政策、法令、手段等詞前面做修飾語(yǔ)，既可增加字長(zhǎng)，又可以提高詞匯水平。

9.approach / channel: “方法，手段”，用來(lái)替代我們經(jīng)常使用的一些簡(jiǎn)單詞匯，如method 等。

10.approve of something: “批準(zhǔn)，同意”，注意不要忘記介詞of。

11.attach importance to something: 表示“重視，強(qiáng)調(diào)”，替代pay attention to。

12.ban / prohibit something: “禁止，杜絕”，表達(dá)這個(gè)含義時(shí)盡量不要使用stop。

13.barrier / obstacle / impediment: “障礙、阻礙”，名詞，在寫作考試中經(jīng)常被用到。14.capital / fund: 解決社會(huì)問(wèn)題時(shí)一般都會(huì)提到需要投資，可以用到這兩個(gè)單詞，替代money。

Finance 金融 financial 15.challenging: “困難，有難度”，用來(lái)替代difficult。

16.in such circumstances: “在這類情況下”，寫作時(shí)用于總結(jié)某個(gè)內(nèi)容。

17.considerable: “相當(dāng)大，相當(dāng)多的”，非常常用的修飾語(yǔ)，比如considerable changes就是相當(dāng)大的變化。

18.in contrast: “相反”，用來(lái)替代我們經(jīng)常使用的on the contrary，on the other hand。19.conversely: “相反地”，也可以用來(lái)替代on the contrary，on the other hand。

20.copy / repeat one’s experience / success: “借鑒別人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。

21.critical: “至關(guān)重要的”，用于替代已經(jīng)被用濫的important。

22.currently: “目前”，用來(lái)替代now，nowadays。

23.damage: 作為名詞，含義是“損失、損失金額”，動(dòng)詞“損壞”的搭配能力非常強(qiáng)，和表示物品或抽象概念的詞都可以放在一起使用，因此可以用來(lái)替代destroy。

24.decline: “衰退”，表示數(shù)字下降得比較緩慢，在圖表作文中根據(jù)圖表曲線的實(shí)際情況使用，替代我們使用的普通單詞decrease。

25.defect: “缺點(diǎn)，不足”，用來(lái)替代“shortcoming”。

26.demonstrate / illustrate: “說(shuō)明，表明”，用在圖表作文中替代show，reveal等單詞。

27.depict / portray: “描述，描繪”，在漫畫作文中替代describe。

28.deteriorate: “惡化”，用于替代get bad或get worse。

29.devise: “設(shè)計(jì)，指定”，后面可以接表示方法手段的內(nèi)容。

30.discard / abandon: “放棄，拋棄”，用于表達(dá)放棄消極想法或做法。

31.dispute: “爭(zhēng)端，沖突”，用來(lái)替代problem，argument。

32.drop: “下降”，用來(lái)替代decrease。這個(gè)詞表示下降比較快，如果再用修飾語(yǔ)，應(yīng)當(dāng)是sharply，dramatically，drastically。這三個(gè)單詞一般都用在消極的單詞上。積極的用greatly。

33.eliminate: “消除”，用于寫作與社會(huì)消極問(wèn)題有關(guān)的文章。

34.emerge as: “逐漸崛起并成為”，這個(gè)詞組雖然很短，但是含義非常復(fù)雜，可以用在文章的開(kāi)頭，表達(dá)某種事物或社會(huì)現(xiàn)象從無(wú)到有，并迅速傳播。比如 Internet has emerged as an indispensable channel for people to exchange information。

35.employ: “采納，采用”，與表示“觀點(diǎn)，方法，政策，法令”等英語(yǔ)單詞搭配使用，用來(lái)替代adopt。

36.enforce: “執(zhí)行”法律法規(guī)，通常用于作文結(jié)束部分，對(duì)某個(gè)社會(huì)問(wèn)題提出解決辦法時(shí)使用。

37.essential: “至關(guān)重要，核心的”，形容詞，用來(lái)替代important。

38.It is generally established that: “眾所周知，公認(rèn)”。

39.when the situation is reversed: “相反”，用來(lái)替代on the contrary。

40.excessive: “過(guò)度的”，這個(gè)詞在表達(dá)消極概念時(shí)都可以做修飾語(yǔ)，副詞形式excessively，比如tap“開(kāi)發(fā)”，就可以說(shuō)tap something excessively。

41.exchange: 這個(gè)詞才是文化，教育等方面的“交流”，而不是communication。

42.expand: “擴(kuò)大”，后面接影響，范圍一類的詞匯。

43.facet / factor: “方面，因素”，寫作時(shí)盡量避免使用element，這個(gè)詞中國(guó)人用得不是很好，aspect因?yàn)橛玫娜溯^多，也可以避免。

44.fail to do: “沒(méi)有能夠”，可以適當(dāng)替換帶有cannot的句子。

45.frequently: “經(jīng)?！保娲鷒ften，表示發(fā)生頻率很高。

46.fresh / novel: “新的”，比如fresh idea等，都可以用來(lái)替代我們經(jīng)常使用的new。

47.fulfill: “完成，取得”，記住以下詞組，fulfill the task, fulfill the dream, fulfill the role。

48.give priority to something: “重視，優(yōu)先考慮”。

49.give rise to something: “引發(fā)，導(dǎo)致?的出現(xiàn)”，積極消極概念都可以使用。

50.given that: “由于?原因”，可以用在句子的開(kāi)始位置，后面接完整的句子，相當(dāng)于 because。51.greatly / remarkably: “非常，相當(dāng)”，作為褒義詞，可以用在表示上升、前進(jìn)、發(fā)展等積極含義的單詞前面加強(qiáng)程度。

52.guard against: “留心、警惕”，后面使用名詞型結(jié)構(gòu)。

53.household: “家庭”，這個(gè)詞偏重的家庭生活中的設(shè)備，物質(zhì)概念，因此，比如計(jì)算機(jī)，汽車等設(shè)備進(jìn)入家庭，就應(yīng)當(dāng)用enter the household，而不是我們用的home或family。生活垃圾也可以表達(dá)為household wastes。

54.be ignorant about something: “對(duì)?沒(méi)有引起足夠重視”，表示沒(méi)有意識(shí)到。

55.incidence: “不良事件”，比如incidence of pollution，incidence of fake commodity等等，表示出現(xiàn)上述不良情況。

56.increasingly: “越來(lái)越”，副詞，可以用在動(dòng)詞和形容詞前面，加深程度。

57.indispensable: “不可缺少的，必須的”，寫作時(shí)可以用來(lái)做很多名詞的修飾語(yǔ)。58.individualistic / selfish / self-centered: 都是“自私的”含義，可以交替使用。59.inspire / stimulate: “鼓勵(lì)”，替代encourage。

60.for instance: “例如”，雖然這個(gè)詞組我們經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到，但很少有人在寫作文時(shí)用它來(lái)替代for example。

61.instruct: “教育”，名詞形式為instruction，同educate，education交替使用。62.intend to do: “計(jì)劃，打算”，可以替代be going to等詞組，表達(dá)做事的意愿。

63.make investment into: “投資，投入”，投資是解決社會(huì)問(wèn)題的一個(gè)核心方式，因此這個(gè)詞組在英語(yǔ)寫作中經(jīng)常會(huì)用到。

64.issue: “問(wèn)題”，中性詞，我們平常使用的problem是貶義詞，因此比如網(wǎng)絡(luò)問(wèn)題等詞組都應(yīng)當(dāng)用issue來(lái)表達(dá)。

65.launch a campaign to do something: “大力開(kāi)展?活動(dòng)”。

66.maintain: “一貫認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”，一般寫成somebody maintains that，后面使用完整的句子，用來(lái)替代think, believe。

67.major: “主要的”，用來(lái)替代main。

68.major / primary concern: “主要關(guān)注點(diǎn)”，名詞，要說(shuō)something is somebody’s major concern。

69.misleading: “誤導(dǎo)的，錯(cuò)誤的”，替代wrong。

70.observe: “遵守”，后面接名詞，如法律法規(guī)等。

71.be out of / be short of: “耗盡”/“短缺”，用來(lái)替代lack，同時(shí)提醒大家lack這個(gè)詞的動(dòng)詞形式在英語(yǔ)中使用的很少。

72.outlook: “前景，未來(lái)”，用來(lái)替代future。當(dāng)然，如果用future，就可以加個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)，比如foreseeable future等等。

73.plummet / slump: “急劇下降”，圖表作文中使用較多。

74.popularize: “推廣，普及”，很常用的單詞，后面接知識(shí)，道理，方法，法律法規(guī)等。75.possess: “擁有”，用于替代have，既可以表示擁有具體事物，也可以說(shuō)擁有抽象品質(zhì)、特征等。

76.poverty-stricken: “貧困的，低收入的”，替代poor。

77.practice: “（廣泛，大范圍）的從事”，常與laws and regulations, policy或其他類似范疇的單詞連用，用來(lái)替代carry out。

78.profit: “好處”，這個(gè)詞本來(lái)是指經(jīng)濟(jì)上的利潤(rùn)，但現(xiàn)在可以用來(lái)替代benefit，表示廣義的好處。

79.progress: “發(fā)展，進(jìn)步”，可以同advance交替使用，以避免重復(fù)，并可以替代development。80.a range of / a series of / a string of: “一系列”，特別是后兩個(gè)單詞通常都可以用在消極概念前邊，可以用作修飾語(yǔ)，增加文章長(zhǎng)度。

81.relieve: “減輕，緩解”，用于消極概念前，詞組為relieve somebody of something“消除某人的?。

82.soar: “迅速上升”，用于圖表作文。

第五篇：英語(yǔ)高級(jí)寫作教案

英語(yǔ)高級(jí)寫作課程教案

學(xué)期：2012 — 2013學(xué)年第2學(xué)期 學(xué)時(shí)：32 學(xué)分：2 授課對(duì)象：外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院10級(jí)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生 教

材：《寫作教程 第四冊(cè)》，2007，上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社 任課教師：宇文靜 陳琳

1．課程成果：

通過(guò)本課程的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生能夠初步掌握科學(xué)研究的基本方法和能力，鞏固和加深所學(xué)的基本理論和技能，了解英語(yǔ)論文寫作的有關(guān)知識(shí)、技巧、和策略，選擇和確定適當(dāng)?shù)恼撐念}目，初擬論文提綱。

2．教學(xué)方法：

課堂講授，舉例，演示

3．課程考核：

課程成績(jī)（100%）=平時(shí)考核（100%）+期末考試（0%）平時(shí)考核 100分=100分+0分

1.平時(shí)成績(jī)：100分折合為總成績(jī)的100% 注： 100分： 作業(yè)8次中取5次，每次20分；

0分： 隨機(jī)抽查5次出勤，不計(jì)分，3次無(wú)故缺勤者取消其成績(jī)。

2．期末成績(jī)：無(wú) 3．考試方式：大作業(yè) Lecture 1: Introduction to Thesis Writing(Unit 1)

一、課程成果（Outcome）

1.Understand the aim of the course 2.Grasp generally some information about graduation thesis 3.Understand what constitutes a good topic for research

二、學(xué)時(shí)安排 2 hours

三、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)

1.Principles and Requirements of Graduation Thesis 2.Components of Graduation Thesis 3.Steps of Graduation Thesis Writing

四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容

Introduction to Graduation Thesis 1 What is a thesis?

It is a research paper composed by a college student when he/she has finished college study with the help of his /her supervisor, which is also called graduation thesis.2 Significance of thesis writing a.Institutional purpose: b.Personal purposes: 3 Scales of thesis writing Literature, Translation, Linguistics, TEFL, Cross-Culture, Other social science(e.g.Business English, EST, etc.)4 Evaluation of a thesis Letter grade(A.B.C.D.F)is based on its content, structure, language and format.Apart from that, oral defense also counts in many colleges, and so does it in our institute.5 Principles of thesis writing Learning Principle;Independence Principle;Scientific Principle;Scholarly Principle;Creative Principle;Norm Principle.6 Requirements of thesis writing Length;Format;Content;Book binding and layout.7 Steps of Graduation Thesis Writing Choose a topic, collect and organize materials, compose the first draft, revise the draft and finalize it.五、作業(yè)

Read Unit 2 after class..Lecture 2: Choosing a Topic for a Thesis(Unit 2)

一、課程成果（Outcome）

1.Know what steps to follow when choosing a topic 2.Learn how to improve topics that have problems

二、學(xué)時(shí)安排 2 hours

三、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)

Know how to work out an effective research topic.四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1.Principles for choosing a thesis topic Significance(Importance)and Interest;Manageability/Practicality;Flexibility 2.What topics should be avoided? 3.Process of choosing a topic Decide on the subject area---------Choose a topic---------Focus into a question---------Design a title 3.1 Subject areas: literature, linguistics, translation, TEFL, cross-culture and other subject areas 3.2 Finding a Research Problem 3.3 Design a title 4.Exercise 1: literary criticism /comparative study Exercise 2: revise the following topics

五、作業(yè)

Search for as many thesis titles as possible to get the idea of title designing and design your own title..Lecture 3: Collecting & Organizing Material(Unit 3)

一、課程成果（Outcome）

1.Learn how to find and evaluate the sources 2.Learn how to document the sources.二、學(xué)時(shí)安排 2 hours

三、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)

Choose proper material;write a thesis statement.四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容 Major sources of related literature 2 Guidelines for choosing proper materials 3 Documenting material 4 Reading in depth Exercise : Analyze the different parts of the following thesis statement.五、作業(yè)

Read the textbook Unit 3 and create your working bibliography, using APA style.Lecture 4: Outlining a Thesis(Unit 6)

一、課程成果（Outcome）

1.Know the format of an outline 2 Be familiar with the types of outline 3 Grasp how to construct an outline.二、學(xué)時(shí)安排hours

三、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn) The format of an outline 2 How to construct an outline.四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容 What is an outline? 2 The Benefits of an Outline 3 Process of constructing a thesis 4 Types of the outline 5 Formats of the outline 6 Conventions and contents of outlines 7 Principles for Structuring an outline Exercise: Outlining the following thesis

五、作業(yè)

Based on your topic and thesis statement, with the accumulation of related material, please construct your own outline.Lecture 5: Introduction Writing(Unit 7)

一、課程成果（Outcome）

Master the elements of the Introduction chapter of a thesis.二、學(xué)時(shí)安排 2 hours

三、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)

Understand and know how to compose the Introduction chapter.四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容

Components of the Introduction Chapter: ? Introduction ? Background of the study

? The professional significance of the study ? Overview(structure)of the thesis Exercise:

Find the problems in the Introduction chapter of the thesis at hand.五、作業(yè)

Finish the introduction chapter for your thesis.Lecture 6: Literature Review(Unit 7)

一、課程成果（Outcome）

1.Know what are included in a literature review 2 Know how to compose a literature review.二、學(xué)時(shí)安排 2 hours

三、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)

Master how to organize a literature review and how to summarize and paraphrase.四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容

What is a Literature Review? Procedure for Writing a Literature Review Exercises:

1: Find a focus for the following titles 2: Write a Summary

五、作業(yè)

Write a literature review briefly.Lecture 7: Quotation(Unit 8)

一、課程成果（Outcome）

Master the way of quotation.二、學(xué)時(shí)安排 2 hours

三、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)

Different quotation formats for different material.四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容

Differences between quotation and citation Types of quotation: direct and indirect Quotation of different material: Poetry, drama, etc.Exercise:

Revise each of the following sentences, deleting quotation marks used inappropriately, moving those placed incorrectly, and using more formal languages.五、作業(yè)

Remember the format of quotation.Lecture 8: Citation(Unit 8)

一、課程成果（Outcome）

Master the way of citation.二、學(xué)時(shí)安排hours

三、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)

Different citation formats for different material.四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容

Purposes of documentation Types of citation: In-text Citation and References Formats of In-text Citation: MLA, APA, Chicago Manual style

五、作業(yè)

Remember the APA format of citation.Lecture 9: Methodology(Unit 4)

一、課程成果（Outcome）

1.Know how to conduct a research in a linguistic thesis 2.Know how to write the methodology part in a linguistic thesis 3.Know how to write a good findings and discussion

二、學(xué)時(shí)安排 2 hours

三、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)

Master how to conduct a research in a linguistic thesis.四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容

Definition of Methodology Methodology in a thesis on linguistics 1.Components 2.Organization

3.How to carry out research 4.Findings and Discussion Exercise: Analyze samples: What research tools are used? How?

五、作業(yè)

Learn SPSS after class: SPSS教程.Lecture 10: Methodology(Unit 4)

一、課程成果（Outcome）

1.Know how to design a good questionnaire;2.Master the methods to interpret a work of literature.二、學(xué)時(shí)安排 2 hours

三、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)

Master questionnaire design and how to interpret a work of literature.四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容

Questionnaire design 1.Criteria for a good questionnaire 2.Steps for questionnaire design 3.Exercise: Process the following data Methodology in a Literary Thesis 1.Methods: explication(解讀), analysis, comparison and contrast 2.Literature Criticism:

五、作業(yè)

Design a questionnaire to collect opinions of the second-year Non-English majors on their L2 learning strategies.中國(guó)非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)大二學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)策略

Lecture 11: Conclusion, Abstract & Acknowledgements(Unit 7)

一、課程成果（Outcome）

1.Know how to write the Conclusion of a thesis 2.Know how to write the Abstract of a thesis 3 Know how to draft Acknowledgement.二、學(xué)時(shí)安排 2 hours

三、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)

Master Conclusion writing and Abstract writing.四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容

Conclusion Writing 1.Restatement 2.Summary 3.Future research direction Abstract Writing 1 Types of Abstract: descriptive and informative 2.Requirements 3 Key Words Acknowledgements 1.Purposes 2.Requirements Exercise: Read the following abstracts and then discuss the merits and defects of the abstracts.五、作業(yè)

Choose key words for your thesis.Lecture 12: Format-Listing Sources(Unit 8)

一、課程成果（Outcome）

Know how to document sources at the end of the thesis.二、學(xué)時(shí)安排 2 hours

三、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)

Master the use of punctuations and italicization.四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容

Basic rules for bibliographic citation 1.Authors 2.Books 3.Author with an editor 4.Author with an translator 5.Work in an anthology 6.Magazines 7.Encyclopedia or dictionary entry 8.Electronic sources 9.Notes: Chinese references Exercise: Create the Reference entry with the given information

五、作業(yè)

Design your own references.Lecture 13: Format and Mechanics(Unit 8)

一、課程成果（Outcome）

Know some rules of format and mechanics.二、學(xué)時(shí)安排 2 hours

三、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)

Master Contents format and Page number format.四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容 Format 1 Contents 2 Tables and figures 3 Page numbers Mechanics 1 Capitalization 2 Abbreviations 3 Italicizing and underlining 4 Numbers 5 Tables and Figures Exercise Find out the problems of the following Contents

五、作業(yè)

根據(jù)以下論文內(nèi)容，加頁(yè)碼并自動(dòng)生成目錄

Lecture 14: Language Style(Additional Material)

一、課程成果（Outcome）

Know the characteristics of thesis language.二、學(xué)時(shí)安排 2 hours

三、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)

Master diction and voice.四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容 Diction: formal Tone: Judgment: careful and impartial basic tone: rational, impersonal and unemotional Voice: third-person pronouns(he, she, they or it)—subjects of sentences Economy: write concisely and straightforwardly Use of Tenses: 1.Literature 2.Theory or philosophy 3.Research results 4.Review of literature Unbiased language Constructing paragraphs a paragraph—a single unit declare a point—offer support for the point A topic sentence—a tiny thesis statement Exercise: Find out the problems of these sentences.五、作業(yè)

Revise your introduction and literature review parts.Lecture 15: Summary(Unit 9)

一、課程成果（Outcome）

Get a systematic idea of thesis writing.二、學(xué)時(shí)安排 2 hours

三、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)

Master the requirements of structure, language and format.四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容

Title: informative, revealing Abstract: should contain the following elements Research topic, research purpose, research methods, research results, implications, conclusion.Key words: high frequency in the thesis, focus of the thesis, 3-5 words Introduction: a.Background of the study

b.The professional significance of the study c.Overview(structure)of the thesis Literature Review: Cover the basic categories ? Introduction: central theme or organizational pattern ? Body: Organize sources chronologically, thematically, or methodologically ? Conclusions/Recommendations: Discuss what you have drawn from reviewing literature so far.Where might the discussion proceed? Methodology:

what(tool/instrument);Who(subjects);How(data collection, procedures)Findings: Data presentation & data description Discussion:

Supplying meaning to statistics, tables, charts, etc.Making comments that are relevant to the research intention/purpose Conclusion:

Restate the research purpose, some background information, etc;Summarize research design, results, interpretation and implication, etc;Suggest future research direction by pointing out limitations of the study and tentative proposals for future research.Acknowledgements:

a.confined to one page, immediately after the Conclusion b.language: sincere, brief, proper c.Order: More important-less important;Individual – collective References:

英文參考文獻(xiàn)基本格式：

期刊： 作者.文章名.（需用引號(hào)，且引在“.”之外）期刊名（斜體）.第幾期（年代）：頁(yè)碼.專著： 作者.文獻(xiàn)題名（斜體）.出版地：出版社, 出版年.中文參考文獻(xiàn)基本格式：

專著：主要責(zé)任者.文獻(xiàn)題名[文獻(xiàn)類型標(biāo)識(shí)].出版地：出版社,出版年 期刊：主要責(zé)任者.文獻(xiàn)題名[J].刊名,出版年(期)：頁(yè)碼.language:

formal, objective, concise, proper Contents: 自動(dòng)生成目錄，注意頁(yè)碼及字號(hào)。

Tables and figures: 注意標(biāo)題書(shū)寫，Tables兩邊不封。

Page numbers: 正文前和正文的頁(yè)碼不同，前者小寫羅馬數(shù)字，后者小寫阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字，需用分隔符。

Exercise: Evaluate the two sample papers on page 154-215

五、作業(yè)

Review what we have learned.Lecture 16: Oral Defense(Additional Material)

一、課程成果（Outcome）

Know how to give a good oral defense.二、學(xué)時(shí)安排 2 hours

三、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn) PPT design.四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容

Introduction to Oral Defense Purpose: examine whether the researcher understand and master the research and the thesis.Components: Presentation + defense Requirements: design PPT;Presentation 10minutes;defense 10minutes.Prepare for the oral defense 1.Circulate the thesis to the other committee members.2.Be familiar with the structure, contents, research method, major findings and major arguments.3.Explain the thesis briefly.4.Prepare in ppt format.Your focus: topic, research method, findings.Support the argument with clear, brief examples.5.Presuppose questions and prepare answers in advance.6.Committee members make comments or suggestions;you need not have to defense.Respond politely with gratitude.Tips during oral defense: 1.Properly dressed 2.Keep confident 3.Bring with you a pen and paper;thesis better 4.Be polite;show gratitude 5.Ask for the question again or make sure the question if you do not hear clearly about it.6.Don’t argue with teachers but explain your idea with proofs.7.Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation and try to make you easily understood.8.Make your answer concise and to the point.Exercise: Analyze some samples.五、作業(yè)

Review what has been learned in this class.