第一篇:初中英語(yǔ)名詞講解與練習(xí)(寫(xiě)寫(xiě)幫整理)
I.名詞的數(shù):
II.名詞的所有格:
所有格分兩種:一是名詞詞尾加’s構(gòu)成,二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表示有生命的東西,后者多表示無(wú)生命的東西。
2.所有格的用法。
⑴表示時(shí)間、距離、長(zhǎng)度、重量、價(jià)格等名詞的所有格時(shí)
twenty minutes’ walk/ a twenty-minute walk
ten miles’ jouney
ten dollars’ worth
two pounds’ worth
⑵無(wú)生命的所有格必須用of結(jié)構(gòu)
中國(guó)地圖
這個(gè)學(xué)期末
我們國(guó)家的首都
這些花的顏色
⑶雙重所有格
a friend of my father’s 我爸爸的一個(gè)朋友(強(qiáng)調(diào)朋友中的一個(gè))a friend of my father(強(qiáng)調(diào)所屬關(guān)系,爸爸的朋友)a leg of the man’s這個(gè)男子的一條腿
⑷ 兩個(gè)名詞并列時(shí)的所有格。
John and Mary’s room
John’s and Mary’s room
Ⅲ.不可數(shù)名詞“量”的表達(dá)。
1.這個(gè)男人有很多錢。
The man has ______________________ money.2.這個(gè)男人有一點(diǎn)/一些錢。
The man has ___________ money.3.這個(gè)男人有錢么?
Does the man __________ money?
_____________________________________詞可以用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
第二篇:初中英語(yǔ)名詞講解
名詞
定義:表示人和事物名稱的詞。(apple,sister,bird,happiness)名詞的分類:專有名詞與普通名詞
專有名詞表示具體的人,事物,地點(diǎn),機(jī)構(gòu),月份,和節(jié)日等名(Mary, January, the WTO, Children’s Day, USA)
普通名詞表示某一類人或事物的名詞(分為四類)
1個(gè)體名詞:表示個(gè)體的人或事物的名詞(banana, umbrella)
2集體名詞:表示相關(guān)人或事物構(gòu)成的集體(class,people,police,family,team)
3物質(zhì)名詞:表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)名詞(rice, water, air, milk)4抽象名詞:表示抽象概念(如品質(zhì),情感等,advice,help,success)注意:1有些物質(zhì)名詞因詞義發(fā)生變化而被用作可數(shù)名詞(a tea “一杯茶”a beer
“一杯啤酒” a drink “一杯飲料” rains “大量的雨水” sands“沙丘”)2當(dāng)抽象名詞具體化時(shí)(eg: success“成功”為不可數(shù)。若譯為成功的人或事時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞。He is a success= He is a successful man.)
pleasure:令人感到高興的人或事failure:失敗的人或事
comfort:令人感到安慰的人或事beauty:美人或美麗的事物 wonder:奇跡surprise:令人感到驚訝的人或事
溫馨提示:有時(shí)同一個(gè)普通名稱由于搭配或不同的意義,可以分為不同的類別。Work作“工作”為物質(zhì)名詞不可數(shù),作“作品”為個(gè)體名詞可數(shù)名詞
Paper作“紙”為物質(zhì)名詞不可數(shù),作“報(bào)紙,試卷,論文”為個(gè)體名詞可以數(shù) 學(xué)習(xí)小竅門:分辨名詞可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)主要看它是不是一個(gè)單個(gè)的個(gè)體,在里一般不能分割的東西為可數(shù)名詞。
名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則:
1一般情況+s
2以s, x, sh, ch, 結(jié)尾+es
3以輔音字母y結(jié)尾,變y為i+es
4以f, fe,結(jié)尾變其為v+es
5以o結(jié)尾,有生命+es,無(wú)生命+s
溫馨提醒:對(duì)于成雙成對(duì)的東西都只以復(fù)數(shù)的形式出現(xiàn)(trousers, shorts, glasses, socks, clothes)
名詞的所有格:
有生命的名詞:
1不以s結(jié)尾的+’Smy student’s books
2以s 結(jié)尾的+’the boys’ basketball
3復(fù)數(shù)不以s結(jié)尾的+’sChildren’s Daymen’s room
無(wú)生命的名詞:of +名詞the door of the classroom
只修飾可數(shù)名詞的修飾語(yǔ):
Few , a few, several, many, a number of
只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語(yǔ):
Little,a little, a bit of , much, a good/great deal of
既可以修飾可數(shù)又可以修飾不可數(shù)的修飾語(yǔ):
Some,any, a lot of= lots of, plenty of , enough
第三篇:初中英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)講解與練習(xí)之名詞專練
名詞
關(guān)于名詞,我們必須掌握名詞的數(shù),名詞的格。
單數(shù)可用a、an來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),在元音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭的單詞前用an,而不是a
1.復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成方法:(1)一般在復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加s,如:dog--dogs。
(2)以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞加es,如:watch--watches。
(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加es,如:country--countries。
請(qǐng)區(qū)別:如果是元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,則只須加s。如:monkey--monkeys。
(4)以o結(jié)尾的名詞,只有potato(土豆),tomato(西紅柿)加es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。
(5)以f、fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f、fe為v再加es,如:knife--knives。
2.單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的詞:sheep--sheep,fish--fishChinese--Chinese,Japanese--Japanese
3.特殊變化的單詞有:(1)tooth--teeth,foot--feeth
(2)man--men,woman--women,policeman--policemen,Frenchman--Frenchmen
請(qǐng)區(qū)別:German(德國(guó)人)—Germans(3)child—children
4.常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞:people(人),clothes(衣服),trousers(褲子)glasses(眼鏡),這些名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),同學(xué)們應(yīng)特別注意它們的謂語(yǔ),用復(fù)數(shù)。如:My clothes are(be)newer than yours.5.有些名詞看似復(fù)數(shù)形式,實(shí)際上是單數(shù)。這一點(diǎn)是同學(xué)不易掌握的,應(yīng)特別加以記憶。如:news(消息),maths(數(shù)學(xué)),physics(物理)No news is good news.6.可用how many,many,a few,few,a lot of,lots of,some,any等來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。How many are there in your pencil-box?(knife)
不可數(shù)名詞:1.常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞有:water,rice,fish,meat,等。應(yīng)特別記medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.2.不可數(shù)名詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)??闯蓡螖?shù)。如:Some bread__________over there.(be)
3.常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
4.常用a piece of,a cup of等來(lái)表示不可數(shù)名詞的量。如要表達(dá)“兩片面包”這樣的意義,bread仍為不可數(shù)名詞,不加s,而piece則可加s。即:twopiecesof bread
請(qǐng)區(qū)別:可數(shù)名詞也可用量來(lái)表示,如:三箱蘋果three boxes of apples
名詞的格名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法,在名詞后加“ 's”。如:Tom→Tom's譯為“…的”,若遇上以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,則在s后加“ '”即可。如:Teachers'Day , twoweeks'holiday,而不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格,仍按慣例加's。如:Children's Day關(guān)于名詞所有格,應(yīng)掌握以下幾點(diǎn):
1.可用名詞所有格表示地點(diǎn)。如:my aunt's 我姑姑家。go to the doctor's 去醫(yī)生家。
2.表示兩人共同擁有,在最后一個(gè)名詞后加's如:Lucy and Lily's 露西和莉莉的3.掌握詞組:a girl of five 一個(gè)五歲的女孩a friend of mine 我的一個(gè)朋友
eg;The white shirt is and blue one is.A、Kate,myB.Kate's,mineC.Kate,mine D.Kate's,my
第四篇:初中英語(yǔ) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 講解與練習(xí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
(1)意義——當(dāng)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正在發(fā)生的事。(2)構(gòu)成: be(am, is ,are)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing形式 肯定句: 主語(yǔ) + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing(+ 其他)I’m doing my homework now.否定句:主語(yǔ)+be+not+動(dòng)詞-ing +其他.I’m not doing my homework now.一般疑問(wèn)句:Be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞-ing +其他? Are you doing your homework now? Yes, I am.No , I’m not.特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句? What are you doing now?(3)現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成:
(1)一般在動(dòng)詞末尾直接加ing,(2)以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先去掉e,再加ing,如 skate →skating
make →making dance → dancing
write → writing have → having ride → riding come → coming(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,中間只有一個(gè)元音字母,詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如: put-putting
begin-beginning
stop-stopping run-running
swim-swimming shop-shopping
sit-sitting
let-letting get-getting
forget-forgetting
一、寫(xiě)出下例動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式
1)give____
2)use ____
3)move____
4)skate___
5)draw____ 6)tell____
7)ring____
8)wear___
9)get____
10)put____
11)hit____
12)stop____ 13)keep____14)hurt____
18)begin____ 19)forget____ 20)save___ _21)close___ 23)carry____
二、將下例句子改成一般疑問(wèn)句
1)Mike is climbing the hill。
2)We are having an English lesson now。
3)Li Ping is jumping like a monkey。4)The students are reading the text now。
5)I am studying English。
三、將下例句子改成否定句
1)We are having lunch now。
2)You are playing the violin。
15)know___ 22)see____ 2
3)Mary is doing her best to study English well。
4)The students are doing their homework now。
5)Please open the door。
四、用動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)填空
1)Look, the boy__________(run)fast.2)----What are you doing?
----I_________(do)my homework.3)----_______the students_______(read)English.----Yes, they are.4)Tom_______(not study)English.He is studying Chinese.5)----Who_______(sing)a song?----Li Ying is.6)The girl_______(not eat)bananas now.7)----Where ____ they____(stand)?----They are standing over there.8)----What is Meimei doing now?----She______(watch)TV with her parents.9)He____(study)English very hard.10)We often____(buy)books and things like that in the shop.13)Polly____(not eat)a banana now.五、單項(xiàng)選擇
1)Jack is _____with Jim.They are good____.A: running;friend;
B: running;friends;
C: runing;friends
D: run;friend's 2)Look!Mary ____ doing ____ homework.A:is;one's
B:is;her
C:are;his
D:are;her 3)The Greens____supper now.A:is having
B:are;having
C:is haveing
D:are;having 4)The children are____TV.A:watch
B:seeing
C:watching
D:reading 5)Are the boys looking at the blackboard? Yes,they____.A:aren't
B:do
C:don't
D:are 6)There's____girl,she is very tall.A:second
B:two
C:a second
D:all second 7)--Do you have a red pen?Which of the following is wrong?--____.A:Yes;I have one
B:Yes,I have it
C:Yes,I do
D:Sorry,I don't 8)--Excuse me.May I borrow a pen,please?
--____.A:It doesn't matter;
B:Thank you;
C:Certainly,here you are;
D:Not at all.9)The boy is late for class.So he says tO the teacher,“________”.A:I'm sorry
B:Excuse me,May I come in?
C:Let me in,D:I don't want to be late.10)I don't want a red apple.I want____.A:green apple
B:a green
C:a green one
D:one green
答案:
1、B;
2、B;
3、D;
4、C;
5、D;
6、C;a second
不定冠詞+序數(shù)詞表示“又一”;
7、B;因?yàn)閍 red pen是指,而it是特指。
8、C;
9、B;打攪對(duì)方的道歉語(yǔ);
10、C。
答案:
1、giving;
2、esing;
3、moving;
4、skating;
5、drawing;
6、telling;
7、ringing;
8、wearing;
9、getting;
10、putting;
11、hitting;
12、stopping;
13、keeping;
14、hurting;
15、knowing;
16、lying;
17、dying;
18、beginning;
19、forgetting;20、saving;
21、closing;
22、seeing;
23、carrying。
答案:
1、am;talking;are listening;
2、are running;
3、am doing;
4、Are;reading;
5、is not studying;
6、is singing;
7、isn?t eating;
8、Are standing;
9、is plying;
10、is watching;
11、studies;
12、buy;
13、is not eating。
第五篇:初中英語(yǔ)家教重點(diǎn)一般將來(lái)時(shí)講解與練習(xí)(含答案)
一般將來(lái)時(shí)講解與練習(xí)
一.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的定義:-表:將來(lái)某一個(gè)時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)?;蛑貜?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.二.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的標(biāo)志:
tomorrow(明天),the day after tomorrow(后天)
next year(明年)
next month(下一個(gè)月)
next week(下一個(gè)星期)
三.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成:
1.主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)going to+動(dòng)詞原形+......例如:(1).I am going to play football tomorrow.明天我將要踢足球.(2).She is going to watch a movie the day after tomorrow.后天她要看一場(chǎng)電影.2.主語(yǔ)+will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形+.....** ***說(shuō)明:(1).will/shall有時(shí)可以和be going to 互換;
(2).will是萬(wàn)能的,shall只能用在第一人稱,主語(yǔ)是I,we.(3).will和shall的后面接動(dòng)詞原形)
例如:(1).I shall/will go to Beijing next month.(I will=I'll)下個(gè)月我將要去北京.(2).You will come to see me tomorrow.(you will=you'll)明天你將要來(lái)看我.(3).She will read English tomorrow morning.(She will=She'll)明天早上她將要讀英語(yǔ).四.句一般將來(lái)時(shí)的式:
1.肯定句:
(1)..主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)going to+動(dòng)詞原形+......(2)..主語(yǔ)+will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形+.....例句和上面一樣,就不舉了.2.否定句 :
(1)..主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)not going to+動(dòng)詞原形+......例如:(A): I am not going to play basketball tomorrow.明天我不將踢足球.(B).She is not/isn't going to visit Shanghai next year.明年她不將參觀上海.(2)..主語(yǔ)+will/shall not+動(dòng)詞原形+.....(A).I shall not go to school the day after tomorrow。后天我不將上學(xué)了
(B).I will not writemy homeworkthis evening.(will notl=I won't)
今晚我不將寫(xiě)作業(yè)
(C).She will not see a movie next week.(will not=won't)
下個(gè)星期她將不看一場(chǎng)電影.3.一般疑問(wèn)句:
(1).Am/Is,Are+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形+....例如(A).--Am I going to see my grandfather tomorrow?
明天我將去看我的爺爺嗎?
--Yes,you are.是的,你將去.(B).--Are you going to listening to the tape tomorrow?
明天你將聽(tīng)錄音帶嗎?
---No,I am not.不,我不將.(C).--Is she going to Beijing next year?明年我將去北京嗎?--Yes,she is.是的,她將.(2).Will//shall+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+...例如(A).--Shall we play volleyball next class?下一節(jié)課我們將打排球嗎?--Yes,you will.是的,你們將.(B).--Will you come here next week?下個(gè)星期你將來(lái)這兒?jiǎn)?--Yes,I will.是的,我將.(C).--Will she teach us this term?這學(xué)期,她將教我們嗎?--Yes,she will.是的,她將.4.特殊疑問(wèn)句:
(1).What(Where,How...)+be(am,is,are)+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形+...? 例如:(A).--What are you going to do tomorrow?明天你將要做什么?--I'm going to the park?我將要去動(dòng)物園.(B).--Where are you going to swim?你將要去哪兒游泳?--I'm going to swim in the river.(2).What(When,Where,How...)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+...?
例如:(A).---What will you do next week?下個(gè)星期你將要做什么?
---I will do my homework。我將要做作業(yè).(B).--How will she come here tomorrow? 明天她將要怎么來(lái)這兒?--She will come here by bus。她將要乘公共汽車來(lái)這兒.對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)。一般情況,一般將來(lái)時(shí)的對(duì)劃線部分有三種情況。
1.問(wèn)人。Who
例如:I’m going to New York soon.→Who’s going to New York soon.2.問(wèn)干什么。What … do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.→What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3.問(wèn)什么時(shí)候。When.例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine.→When is she going to bed?
五.補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明:
1.有些詞如:go(去),come(來(lái)),leave(離開(kāi)),start(開(kāi)始)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí).例如:(1)She is coming here tomorrow.她明天將要來(lái)這兒.(2).When are you leaving here?
你什么時(shí)間將要離開(kāi)這兒?
2.“Be going to+動(dòng)詞原形+...” 表示一個(gè)事先考慮好的意圖,相當(dāng)于文中的“打算,計(jì)劃,準(zhǔn)備”
例如:(1).I am going to spend my holiday in Beijing.(這里不能用will)
我打算在北京度假.(2).Where are you going to spend your holiday?
你將要到哪兒度假?
3.客觀難以改變的事實(shí),用will,而不用be going to.例如:(1).It will rain tomorrow.明天將要下雨.(2).It will be Teachers' Day the day after tomorrow.后天將是教師節(jié).(3).My birthday will come.我生日將要到了.練習(xí):
一、填空。
1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I ________ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.2.下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday?I ______________________ play basketball.3.你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)物嗎?是,她要去買一些水果。
________ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?Yes, she _________.She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.4.你們打算什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
二、改句子。
5.Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定)
Nancy ________ going to go camping.6.I’ll go and join them.(改否定)
I _______ go ______ join them.7.I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑問(wèn)句)
________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
8.We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑問(wèn)句)
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30?(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))
________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 同上)_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow?
三、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
11.Today is a sunny day.We __________(have)a picnic this
afternoon.12.My brother _______________(go)to Shanghai next week.13.Tom often ____________(go)to school on foot.But today is raining.He ______________(go)to school by bike.14.What do you usually do at weekends?
I usually __________(watch)TV and __________(catch)insects?
15.It’s Friday today.What ________she _________(do)this weekend?She _________(watch)TV and _________(catch)insects.16.What ___________(do)you do last Sunday?
I ____________(pick)apples on a farm.What ______________(do)next Sunday?
I ______________(milk)cows.17.Mary ____________(visit)her grandparents tomorrow.18.Liu Tao ____________(fly)kites in the playground yesterday.19.David ______________(give)a puppet show next Monday.20.I ________________(plan)for my study now.參考答案
1.am, going, to2.are, you, going, to, do3.Is, going, to, week, is, is, going, to
4.are, going, to5.isn’t6.won’t, or7.Are, you, going8.Will, you
9.What, is, going, to, do10.What, are11.are going to have12.is going
13.goes, is going14.watch, catch15.is, going to do, is going to watch, catch
16.did, picked, are you going to do, am going to milk17.is going to visit
18.flew
20.am planning19.is going to give