第一篇：英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)論文格式

編號(hào) xxxxxx大學(xué)

畢 業(yè) 論 文

課題名稱

學(xué)生姓名

學(xué) 號(hào)

專 業(yè)

班 級(jí)

指導(dǎo)教師

XX 年 月

“目錄”樣式

reflection on chomsky’s idealization of language

i.introduction

ii.demonstration

a.language as a concrete system of signs, has its own significance

in the context of society.1.language is a system.2.the conventionalization of language.b.language as a social institution, is born with society.it develops

and interacts with the society.1.communicative function of language.2.language evolves hand in hand with the society.a.influences from the society upon language.1)macrolinguistic perceptive

2)microlinguistic perceptive

b.influences from language upon society

1)interaction between language and society

2)social factors and linguistic research

iii.conclusion

“英、中文摘要、關(guān)鍵詞”樣式

abstract

this paper begins with a brief introduction to chomsky’s methodology of idealization in linguistic research.although the idealization

in physical research from which chomsky’s idealization deprives can still keep natural laws’ validity, the author points out

chomsky’s idealization is not accessible.the key point lies in the exclusion of

social factors

in his research.then the author demonstrates the reason why chomsky’s exclusion of social factors is not accessible from two aspects:(1)language

is a concrete system of signs.(2)language is a social institution.only in the

context of society are these

features significant and integrate, can language bear its form and forward its

development and keep up the interaction with the society.therefore instead

of “being idealized” out of linguistic research, social factors should be regarded

as the base of the research.otherwise the object of the research will be totally

changed and the research itself will be misguided.as for what factors can be

temporarily idealiz

第二篇：英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)論文

中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)初探

中國(guó)英語(yǔ)初探

［摘 要］ 隨著中國(guó)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，中國(guó)英語(yǔ)也日益形成。本文闡述了中國(guó)英語(yǔ)與中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)的區(qū)別，對(duì)中國(guó)英語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的原因及特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了分析。

［關(guān)鍵詞］ 中國(guó)英語(yǔ) 中國(guó)式英語(yǔ) 本土化

1、英語(yǔ)的使用現(xiàn)狀

眾所周知,英語(yǔ)是當(dāng)今世界上主要的國(guó)際通用語(yǔ)言之一。對(duì)于許多國(guó)家而言，英語(yǔ)是她們的國(guó)語(yǔ)，是大多數(shù)人的生活語(yǔ)言、官方語(yǔ)言或政府工作語(yǔ)言,是國(guó)民交流、社會(huì)生活的重要途徑和工具。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和貿(mào)易一體化的到來(lái), 英語(yǔ)在世界其他非英語(yǔ)國(guó)家都作為外語(yǔ)在學(xué)習(xí)。

2、英語(yǔ)的區(qū)域性變體及其成因

橘子生在淮南和淮北會(huì)產(chǎn)生味道的不同，英語(yǔ)的迅速國(guó)際化必然會(huì)引起英語(yǔ)一定程度上的本土化。英語(yǔ)本土化主要體現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)在世界范圍內(nèi)具有代表性的變體, 這些英語(yǔ)變體既保持了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn),又增添了有別于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)的某些特征。如英國(guó)英語(yǔ)、美國(guó)英語(yǔ)、印度英語(yǔ)、新西蘭英語(yǔ)、澳大利亞英語(yǔ)、馬耳他英語(yǔ)等。但這些英語(yǔ)變體都有其共同的或獨(dú)特的歷史原因。從17世紀(jì)末起,英國(guó)就開始其海外擴(kuò)張政策,隨著對(duì)海外殖民地的統(tǒng)治與掠奪,英語(yǔ)逐漸發(fā)展為一種國(guó)際語(yǔ)言。但語(yǔ)言所反映的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活,由于受到不同國(guó)家和地區(qū)獨(dú)特的本土文化、發(fā)音習(xí)慣和思維模式,從而出現(xiàn)了一些有別于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)的區(qū)域性變體。這些區(qū)域性變體英語(yǔ)在長(zhǎng)期的發(fā)展過(guò)程中, 既保留了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)的基本框架,還吸收了其他殖民者如法國(guó)人、德國(guó)人、西班牙人和荷蘭人等所使用的語(yǔ)言,并結(jié)合了大量的印第安人的本土語(yǔ)言，逐漸形成了如今各種英語(yǔ)的基本詞匯。在中國(guó),英語(yǔ)作為國(guó)際語(yǔ)言，雖然還沒有完全走進(jìn)百姓生活,但英語(yǔ)早已經(jīng)作為各級(jí)各類學(xué)校的知識(shí)課與技能課在傳授。

因此，英語(yǔ)的中國(guó)化正在日益形成。

3、中國(guó)英語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的原因

大多數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)為：中國(guó)英語(yǔ)是以規(guī)范英語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)，用來(lái)表達(dá)中國(guó)特有的事物與現(xiàn)象的一種英語(yǔ)變體。它是中國(guó)文化與英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，是國(guó)際使用型的英語(yǔ)中國(guó)本土化的體現(xiàn)。它是有別于中式英語(yǔ)（Chinglish）的一種規(guī)范英語(yǔ)。

從前看到有人在信中寫到 “Long time no see” 的時(shí)候，還會(huì)感慨，真是典型的中式英語(yǔ)。但如今這句 “好久不見” 也被收在新編實(shí)用英語(yǔ)綜合教程1（2002年版）中（Unit 1）,作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中國(guó)英語(yǔ)來(lái)使用?！皀o moneyno talk”(沒錢就沒商量)以及毛主席的題詞 “好好學(xué)習(xí)，天天向上” 也被直譯成 “Good good Study, Day day up”。首先，由于英漢兩種文化上存在著許多的差異，漢語(yǔ)文化中的一些特有的事物與現(xiàn)象往往在英語(yǔ)中無(wú)法找到相對(duì)應(yīng)的表達(dá)。這時(shí)人們常通過(guò)音譯、借譯、語(yǔ)義再生等手段，使?jié)h語(yǔ)詞匯進(jìn)入英語(yǔ)交際。因此，大量的中國(guó)英語(yǔ)詞匯中便體現(xiàn)出中國(guó)英語(yǔ)的本土化特色。中國(guó)英語(yǔ)在表達(dá)中國(guó)特有事物或現(xiàn)象方面有著獨(dú)特的作用。全球語(yǔ)言監(jiān)督會(huì)的主席帕亞克曾經(jīng)對(duì)媒體表示,“由于中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的影響,它現(xiàn)在對(duì)國(guó)際英語(yǔ)的沖擊比英語(yǔ)國(guó)家還大”。不斷地創(chuàng)造新詞匯，使英語(yǔ)成為世界混合語(yǔ)。自1994年以來(lái)加入國(guó)際英語(yǔ)行列的詞匯中, 中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)貢獻(xiàn)了5%-20%,超過(guò)任何其他來(lái)源。例如：福娃（fuwa）、臺(tái)風(fēng)（typhoon）、功夫（kongfu）、太極（taiji）、武術(shù)（wushu）、儒家思想（Confucianism）、四書（FourBooks），五經(jīng)（Five Classics）、家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制（family contract re-sponsibility system）、知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)（knowledge economy）、和平崛起（peacefulrising）等。這些中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)詞匯都折射出了中國(guó)不同時(shí)期的時(shí)代特征。其次，漢語(yǔ)文化也在物質(zhì)文化和精神文化上同時(shí)影響著英語(yǔ)：包括生產(chǎn)生活方式、自然地理環(huán)境、政治文化制度、風(fēng)土人情習(xí)慣、倫理道德觀念、宗教、科學(xué)、藝術(shù)等方面。英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的英語(yǔ)不能完全照搬照抄于中國(guó)國(guó)情的現(xiàn)狀使得漢語(yǔ)在英語(yǔ)中的滲透變得尤為必要。例如，中國(guó)特有的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日諸如端午節(jié)、中秋節(jié)分別別翻譯成 Dragon-boat Festival、Mid-autumn Day,把傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)節(jié)日中的賽龍舟的習(xí)俗譯于其中。此外，傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)的許多專有名詞在英語(yǔ)中并沒有現(xiàn)成的對(duì)應(yīng)詞匯,若忽略中西方文化上的差異而強(qiáng)行直譯，是會(huì)引起天大誤解的。

例如把中醫(yī)的 “生氣”（生命力）譯為 “發(fā)怒” ；把 “帶下醫(yī)”（婦科醫(yī)生）翻譯為 “躲在裙帶下的醫(yī)生”;“公孫” 是人體的一個(gè)穴位名稱，國(guó)內(nèi)一些專家就曾將其譯為 “爺爺和孫子”。更有笑話說(shuō)，有些菜館為了與國(guó)際接軌，所有的菜譜統(tǒng)一配置了英文名，把 “童子雞” 翻譯成了 “chicken without sexual life”，“四喜丸子”

成了 “Four glad meatballs”。

再次，建國(guó)后，尤其是改革開放以來(lái)，中國(guó)在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、文化、科學(xué)技術(shù)和國(guó)際地位等方面都發(fā)生了重大的變化，國(guó)際影響力日趨增強(qiáng)，中國(guó)文明的力量和威望使中國(guó)文化在英語(yǔ)中有了大規(guī)模地影響和滲入，越來(lái)越多的外國(guó)人想更多地了解中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化。面對(duì)這些情況，人們通常通過(guò)音譯、借譯等手段，使中文詞匯進(jìn)入英語(yǔ)便成為了必然。因此，使用中國(guó)英語(yǔ)，更忠實(shí)地反映中國(guó)古、現(xiàn)代名著更有利于東西方文化交流。以美國(guó)著名華裔女作家湯亭亭為例，她把花木蘭的故事傳遍了英語(yǔ)世界，她經(jīng)常強(qiáng)調(diào)她的第一語(yǔ)言是漢語(yǔ)。在她的英文小說(shuō)里，她總是實(shí)驗(yàn)性地加入漢語(yǔ)，使她的英語(yǔ)更加完美。

4、中國(guó)英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)

不同國(guó)家和地域都因歷史、地理及風(fēng)土人情的不同使英語(yǔ)在本國(guó)使用中具備了自己的本土化特色。以印度英語(yǔ)為例。印度人英語(yǔ)口音重、語(yǔ)速快，說(shuō)起話來(lái)滿嘴里跑舌頭，輔音r發(fā)顫音。印度式英語(yǔ)把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)中本應(yīng)該咬舌送氣的音 th 簡(jiǎn)化為 t。而且印度人發(fā)的t的音，又接近d的音。此外，受15世紀(jì)進(jìn)入印度的英國(guó)商人影響，印度英語(yǔ)中仍然保留了一些現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中很少使用的詞匯及用法。盡管中國(guó)英

語(yǔ)是以規(guī)范英語(yǔ)為核心的，然而，作為“世界英語(yǔ)”(World

Englishes)的一個(gè)組成部分的中國(guó)英語(yǔ)，在漢語(yǔ)中國(guó)文化與英語(yǔ)的漫長(zhǎng)接觸中，也與 “美國(guó)英語(yǔ)”、“印度英語(yǔ)”、“巴基斯坦英語(yǔ)”、“澳大利亞英語(yǔ)” 的發(fā)展一樣，具備了自己的中國(guó)特色。在語(yǔ)音、詞匯、語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)篇等各個(gè)語(yǔ)言層面產(chǎn)生了具有中國(guó)特色的變異分化。首先，在語(yǔ)音方面主要體現(xiàn)在來(lái)自不同省、市、自治區(qū)的中國(guó)人說(shuō)出的英語(yǔ)南腔北調(diào)，有的不會(huì)發(fā)th，有的分不清r和l、n和l。例如,很多人分不清楚read和lead、think和sink，three和free，night和light等。其次，在詞匯方面具體表現(xiàn)為數(shù)量大、淘汰率低、翻譯方式靈活多樣、表意準(zhǔn)確，許多漢語(yǔ)介詞常見諸英美報(bào)刊，許多漢語(yǔ)固有的詞匯大量的豐富了英語(yǔ)詞庫(kù)。例如：希望工程 Hope Project，拜年 pay New Yearcall, “豆腐渣” 工程

jerry-built project，三好學(xué)生three-good student等。再次，在語(yǔ)法方面，由于受到漢語(yǔ)思維與漢語(yǔ)句法的影響，中國(guó)英語(yǔ)傾向于修飾成分前置，致使中國(guó)英語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)句子簡(jiǎn)短、單句偏多。例如：錢鐘書先生所說(shuō)的 “get the meaning,forget the words”（得意忘言）。最后，就篇章和文體而言，漢語(yǔ)的陳述和描寫跟英語(yǔ)相比更加崇尚華麗，而英語(yǔ)寫作崇尚平實(shí)；英語(yǔ)論說(shuō)文喜歡用委婉含蓄的句式陳述觀點(diǎn)，而漢語(yǔ)則喜歡直截了當(dāng)。但中國(guó)英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用得當(dāng)，它能更忠實(shí)地反映原文；尤其在表達(dá)中國(guó)特有事物或現(xiàn)象方面，它有獨(dú)特的作用。例如：《西游記》

就常被直接譯為Pilgrimage to the West，Pilgrimage一詞既有 “朝

圣、朝覲” 的意義，又包含了 “旅行、漫游” 的意思，忠實(shí)地譯出了 《西游記》 的題目中的含義，又涵指了內(nèi)容中師徒幾人赴西天取經(jīng)的征途。

5、總結(jié) 中國(guó)英語(yǔ)在跨文化交際中有著極其重要的作用，作為英語(yǔ)跟中國(guó)文化接軌的載體，它承載了中國(guó)文化的豐富內(nèi)涵。在跨文化交際中，采取 “求同存異” 的原則，既要求充分尊重英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)用原則和民族文化習(xí)俗，也應(yīng)該理解和容忍中國(guó)英語(yǔ)中的異國(guó)特色。因此，在使用中國(guó)英語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意以英美人的思維方式與中國(guó)文化相結(jié)合，避免把中國(guó)英語(yǔ)與中式英語(yǔ)相混淆，使中國(guó)英語(yǔ)的使用更能適應(yīng)動(dòng)態(tài)的，不可預(yù)知的情況，發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的作用。

參考文獻(xiàn) ［1］李文中.中國(guó)英語(yǔ)與中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)［J］.外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究，1993,(4)

［2］桂燦昆.美國(guó)英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用語(yǔ)音學(xué)［M］.上海:上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社，1999

［3］杜瑞清，姜亞軍.近二十年 “中國(guó)英語(yǔ)” 研究述評(píng)［J］.北京：外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究,2001,(1)

［4］邱立中.“中國(guó)英語(yǔ)” 質(zhì)疑［J］.外語(yǔ)教學(xué)，2002,(6)

［5］劉祥清，晏小花.“中國(guó)英語(yǔ)” 研究與英語(yǔ)寫作［J］.衡陽(yáng):南華大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)，2004,(4)

［6］潘章仙.中國(guó)英語(yǔ)變體中的語(yǔ)言和文化認(rèn)同 / 語(yǔ)言學(xué)論叢［M］.北京：北京大學(xué)出版社，2005，12

第三篇：英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)論文

英漢翻譯與評(píng)論：Attitude Is Everything Original：

Jerry was the kind of guy you love to hate.He was always in a good mood and always had something positive to say.When someone would ask how he was doing, he would reply, “If I were any better, I would be twins!”

He was a unique manager because he had several waiters who had followed him around from restraint to restraint.The reason the waiters followed Jerry was because of his attitude.He was a natural motivator.If an employee was having a bad day, Jerry was there telling the employee how to look on the positive side of the situation

.Seeing this style really made me curious, so one day I went up to jerry and asked him, “I don't get it！You can’t be a positive person all of the time.How do you do it?”

Jerry replied,“ Each morning I wake up and say to myself ,jerry ,you have two choices today.You can choose to be in a good mood or you can choose to be in a bad mood.I choose to be in a good.Each time something bad happens, I can choose to be a victim or I can choose to learn from it.I choose to learn from it.Every time someone comes to me complaining, I can choose to accept their complaining or I can point out the positive side of the life.I choose the positive side of life.” “Yeah, right, it's not that easy,” I protested.“Yes, it is,” Jerry said.“Life is all about choices.When you cut away all the junk, every situation is a choice.You choose how to react to situations.You choose how people will affect your mood.You choose to be in a good or a bad mood.The bottom line: it's your choice how you live you life.”

I reflected on what jerry said.Soon thereafter, I left the restraint industry to start my own business.We lost touch, but I often thought about him when I made a choice about life instead of reacting to it.Several years later, I heard that Jerry did something you are never supposed to do in a restaurant business: He left the back door open one morning and was held up at gunpoint by three armed robbers.While trying to open the safe, his hand, shaking from nervousness, slipped off the combination.The robbers panicked and shot him.Luckily, Jerry was found relatively and rushed to the hospital.After 18 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, Jerry was released from the hospital with fragments of the bullets still in his body.I saw Jerry about six months after the accident.When I asked him about how he was, he replied,“ If I were any better, I'd be twins.Want to see my scars?” I declined to see his wounds, but did ask him what had gone through his mind as the robbery took place.“The first thing that went through my mind was that I should have locked the back door,” Jerry replied.“ then, as I lay on the floor, I remembered that I had two choices：I could choose to live or I could choose to die.I choose to live.”

“Weren’t you scared? Did you lose consciousness?’’ I asked.Jerry continued,” The paramedics were great.They kept telling me I was going to be fine.But when they wheeled me to the emergency room and I saw expressions on the faces of the doctors and nurses, I got really scared.In their eyes I read, he’s a dead man.I knew I needed to take action.”

“ What did you do？” I asked.“Well, there was a big nurse shouting questions at me,” Jerry.“She asked if I was allergic to anything.Yes, I replied.The doctors and nurses stopped working as they waited for my reply.I took a deep breath and yelled, bullets！Over their laughter, I told them, I am choosing to live.Operate me as if I am alive, not dead.”

Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing attitude.I learned from him that every day we have the choice to live fully.Attitude, after all, is everything.（選自高等教育出版社 綜合課程1 Unit 3）

譯文：

態(tài)度決定一切

杰瑞是那種讓你又愛又恨的人。他總是樂呵呵的，總有許多鼓勵(lì)的話要說(shuō)。當(dāng)有人問(wèn)他他是怎么做到這一切是，他總是回答:“如果我可以變得更好，我就成為雙胞胎了?！?/p>

他是一個(gè)獨(dú)一無(wú)二的經(jīng)理，因?yàn)樗幸慌倚牡母S他的服務(wù)員，跟隨他從一家酒店轉(zhuǎn)到另一家酒店工作。這些員工跟隨杰瑞是因?yàn)樗膽B(tài)度。他是一個(gè)天生的勵(lì)志家。如果有員工遇到不幸，杰瑞總會(huì)告訴員工怎么去看到事務(wù)的積極面。

我非常好奇看到這樣的人，所以有一天我去找杰瑞，問(wèn): “我不明白。你不可能永遠(yuǎn)樂觀，你是怎么辦到的？”

杰瑞回答說(shuō)：“每天早上我起床是總會(huì)對(duì)自己說(shuō)，‘杰瑞你今天有兩種選擇。你可以選擇壞心情也可以選擇好心情?！疫x擇好心情。每一次不幸發(fā)生時(shí)，我可以選擇成為一個(gè)受害者或從中吸收教育。我選擇吸取教訓(xùn)。每當(dāng)人們開始抱怨，我可以選擇接受他們的抱怨或指出人生的積極面時(shí)，我選擇指出人生的積極面?！?/p>

“嗯，對(duì)，可那并不容易?！蔽姨岢霎愖h。

“是的，的確，”杰瑞說(shuō)，“人生就是選擇。當(dāng)你鏟除所以障礙時(shí)，任何情況下都是一次選擇。你選擇如何應(yīng)對(duì)情況。你選擇人們?nèi)魏斡绊懩愕那榫w。你選擇好心情或壞心情。但根本點(diǎn)是:你選擇如何過(guò)你的生活！”

我很認(rèn)真的思考杰瑞的話，但是沒過(guò)多久，我就離開酒店去發(fā)展我自己的事業(yè)。我們失去了聯(lián)系，但是每當(dāng)我面臨生活做出選擇時(shí)，我會(huì)時(shí)常想起他。

幾年以后，我聽說(shuō)杰瑞經(jīng)歷了一些你在酒店絕不會(huì)經(jīng)歷的事：一天早晨，他打開后門時(shí)，被三個(gè)武裝劫匪用槍指住打劫。

在他試圖打開保險(xiǎn)柜時(shí)，他的手因?yàn)榫o張而顫抖的撥弄密碼鍵，卻被受到驚嚇的劫匪開槍射中了。幸運(yùn)的是，杰瑞在比較快的時(shí)間被發(fā)現(xiàn)并送往當(dāng)?shù)氐尼t(yī)院。

在18個(gè)小時(shí)的外殼手術(shù)和幾周的強(qiáng)化護(hù)理后，杰瑞出院了。但他的身體里仍然留有子彈的碎片。

在那次意外的六個(gè)月后我遇到了杰瑞。當(dāng)我問(wèn)他感覺怎樣時(shí)，他回答：“如果我可以變得更好，我就成為雙胞胎了。想看看我的傷疤嗎？”

我回絕了看他的傷疤，當(dāng)你卻問(wèn)他當(dāng)搶劫發(fā)生時(shí)他的腦中在想什么。

“我想到的第一件事就是我本應(yīng)該鎖上門。’’杰瑞說(shuō)，“然后，當(dāng)我躺在地板上時(shí)，我記得我有兩種選擇：我可以選擇活下去，或者死亡。我選擇活下去。”

“你難道不怕嗎？你有沒有失去意識(shí)？”我問(wèn)。

杰瑞繼續(xù)說(shuō)：“護(hù)工們非常了不起。他們一直告訴我，我會(huì)好起來(lái)。但他們把我推進(jìn)急救室時(shí)，我看見醫(yī)生和護(hù)士臉上寫滿了憂慮，我真的很害怕。在他們眼里，我看到，‘他就快死了?！颐靼鬃约罕仨毑扇⌒袆?dòng)?！?/p>

“那你做了什么呢？’’我問(wèn)。

“嗯，有一個(gè)護(hù)士大聲問(wèn)我問(wèn)題，”杰瑞說(shuō)，“她問(wèn)我是不是對(duì)什么過(guò)敏。‘有’，我說(shuō)。醫(yī)生和護(hù)士就放下手中的活等我回答。我深呼一口氣，大叫，‘子彈！’透過(guò)他們的笑聲，我告訴他們，‘我要活下去。我要像活人那樣接受手術(shù)，而不是死人?！?/p>

杰瑞將他的活下來(lái)的奇跡歸功與他的醫(yī)生的精湛的技術(shù)，但也因?yàn)樗遣豢伤甲h的態(tài)度。我從他身上了解到：每一天我們的生活中都充滿選擇。

總而言之，態(tài)度決定一切。

Comment:

The Attitude of Life

Attitude is everything people think of “the Bible” where the sentence: as long as it believes that it is willing to believe that there is no impossible.For us, a firm belief is that a hung sailing, and good attitude is the driving force was sailing expedition.Work, some seemingly “impossible” to do something, so long as to maintain a good attitude is important is not thinking “Can I do”, but thinking about “how to do it,” to appear as a difficult task also may be pulled off.This story has been greatly from the ideologically inspired.I think it could only be a good attitude in order to have a better state to restrict themselves to a better work hard, to face different situations, use a good attitude when dealing with to get good results, conversely, can not but fail.Those winners who also use a good attitude when dealing with success and failure so that they can reach the other shore of life the other side of the ideal.In the work before the state of mind is everything.There is no unimportant work, only do not attach importance to the work of people.A different mentality, different achievements in life, what kind of mentality will produce what kind of behavior, to determine different results.Attitude is the attitude of Giga.Character of a person's unique personality and stable performance characteristics, it shows a person's psychological understanding of reality and the corresponding habituation behavior.Attitude is a person's psychological reactions of objective things.Therefore, only a good attitude can in order to have a good job performance.Successfully before the state of mind is everything.“The more slowly, as long as he does not lose goals, is better than people wandering aimlessly go faster.” Thus, life is not always fair;however, the door of hope for everyone is always open.When a person to life and concentrate on one point when, it is possible to make so that their amazing career.Then the basis for success is necessarily a good frame of mind.It is undeniable that, in every one of us psychologically, is the existence of such kind of problems.For example feel too good, learning not to reveal their ignorance;not consider the creation of convenience for others;to attach too much importance personal interests;always want to short-term effects;the lack of subject awareness;will not do any self-criticism.The existence of such a mentality of people, I believe that he will never be successful.On the contrary, those who pursue successful people have opted for precisely the optimization is a positive attitude, and in very good mentality has achieved unexpected success.Such a mentality and state is worth learning and the pursuit of each person, but I can tell you that the mentality of the adjustment and purification, some people are irreplaceable, this is a subjective autonomy of action, not an

objective plus, and passive ideas, other people can not do it guide.Only the right states of mind from the negative idea of coming out, have a positive attitude towards the completion of their goals and work.In other words, “only wanted to contribute, MO on the harvest,” when God will also give you quietly harvest prepared better.The world has countless people.In life, some successful, some fail, some happy, some sad.Some may, some people lose.Why, the same as the beginning of the outcome is different, life's fortune is even more disparity.Indeed, it all depends on your attitude on life.Positive bravely to face, or decadent loss, complaining in broken jar shattered.Really, in the person's life, life can not all be smooth sailing, and his calm.No matter who must have the ability to withstand setbacks? In the immediate difficulties, we should fearlessly go to work, perseverance, not to evade;escape will only make you more and weaker, until the vulnerable.This is why some people can not stand a little frustrated by a failure of despair they do not want to try again, did not dare go down fighting, just because fear of failure again.The boundless world is full of challenges.How to face life, be happy, is sad? Can not allow your life to the decision, nor is it allowed to forward to your fate will be kind, it should be your grasp!

Some people will talk over the failure: “fate, destiny!As already doomed, there is no need to force it adaptable by it.” But whether, but when disaster strikes, but also tightly seated, spoke: “all for life......” No, no, this is only the weak performance, we should regard the attitude of holding their own efforts to go ahead

Indeed, is to change your life, or do you change people's lives, there is up to you.Even if life on the road full of bumps, sadness and grief is always tight as you.But as long as you have always to accompany you to smile, no matter how difficult, how a sad thing to break was in the past, this is the attitude of life!As a matter of fact, the person's life is beautiful, but also very sweet.But often, negative attitude toward life decadent but make your life should have an excellent premature ending, or to give life filled with bitter, so this should be colorful life bleak.An active life does not necessarily make you successful, but a negative attitude toward life is bound to result in making progress, thereby giving up his life!

Everyone has the right to choose the road of life, no matter whether happy, sad matter whether,with the attitude of those who take seriously the life of the road, slowly open up their own little piece of heaven!

第四篇：英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)論文參考選題

2004級(jí)英語(yǔ)及外貿(mào)英語(yǔ)本科函授畢業(yè)論文選題參考

I． 中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)：

1． 中學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯教學(xué)初探

2． 中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的“文化”因素

3． 淺議把英語(yǔ)釋義引進(jìn)中學(xué)課文教學(xué)

4． 淺談聽、說(shuō)、讀、寫能力的培養(yǎng)

5． 中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中應(yīng)注重學(xué)生能力的培養(yǎng)

6． 游戲在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的作用

7． 談?wù)勗谟⒄Z(yǔ)教學(xué)中的情景教學(xué)

8． 身勢(shì)語(yǔ)在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用

9． 在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中開發(fā)學(xué)生的非智力因素

10．淺談怎樣用英語(yǔ)組織課堂教學(xué)

11．如何提高差生的閱讀水平

12．“角色表演”在課堂教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用

13．課外活動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)與指導(dǎo)

14．英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的德育滲透

15．電化教學(xué)在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的地位

16．英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)中怎樣激發(fā)學(xué)生興趣

17．中學(xué)英語(yǔ)句型教學(xué)

18．中學(xué)教學(xué)中如何提高聽的能力

19．“任務(wù)型”教學(xué)模式探討

20．音樂在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用

21．影響閱讀理解的因素分析

22．淺談中學(xué)生閱讀理解能力的培養(yǎng)

23．如何培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)交際能力

24．如何提高中學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)寫作能力

25．母語(yǔ)對(duì)中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的影響

26．英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中如何引導(dǎo)學(xué)生培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感

27．論文化背景知識(shí)在閱讀教學(xué)中的作用

28．文化差異對(duì)聽力理解的影響

29．淺談中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)能力的培養(yǎng)

30．淺談中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣的培養(yǎng)

II． 語(yǔ)言學(xué)

1．英語(yǔ)中 “將來(lái)時(shí)”表達(dá)法初探

2．試談 “顏色詞”在英語(yǔ)中的使用

3．英語(yǔ)中的性別語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象探索

4．英語(yǔ)委婉語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)及文化內(nèi)涵

5．跨文化交際中的語(yǔ)用差異

6．反意疑問(wèn)句的特殊句型

7．運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法記憶英語(yǔ)單詞

8．英語(yǔ)中“死亡”委婉語(yǔ)文化因素剖析

9．英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的母語(yǔ)負(fù)遷移現(xiàn)象探索

10．語(yǔ)義模糊與交際

11．英漢語(yǔ)言形式與思維方式對(duì)比

12．中英文化差異在語(yǔ)言中的反映

13．英語(yǔ)中主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義

14．漢英數(shù)量詞的文化差異

15．英語(yǔ)廣告標(biāo)題的修辭特點(diǎn)

16．淺談?dòng)h詞語(yǔ)的文化內(nèi)涵

17．論英漢詞義的不對(duì)應(yīng)性

III． 翻譯

1． 談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)的翻譯

2． 談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)幽默的翻譯

3． 英語(yǔ)漢譯技巧初探

4． 臺(tái)州地方名勝古跡漢譯英

5． 翻譯中常見錯(cuò)誤分析

6． 中英思維方式的差異對(duì)翻譯的影響

7． 會(huì)話含義的推導(dǎo)與翻譯

8． 詞匯的文化內(nèi)涵與翻譯

9． 語(yǔ)境在翻譯中的作用

10．翻譯技巧探索

11．商標(biāo)詞翻譯

12．廣告語(yǔ)言的翻譯

13．論英漢互譯中的語(yǔ)義等值問(wèn)題

14．英漢文化差異對(duì)翻譯的影響

15．英漢諺語(yǔ)的理解和翻譯

16．淺談?lì)伾~在英語(yǔ)中的翻譯

17．中西文化差異與翻譯障礙

18．英語(yǔ)比喻性詞語(yǔ)中文化內(nèi)涵及翻譯

19．英語(yǔ)意義否定表現(xiàn)法及其漢譯

20．淺談新聞標(biāo)題的翻譯

IV． 英美文學(xué)

1． 英美文學(xué)名著（原著200頁(yè)以上）讀后感

2． 有關(guān)文學(xué)作品的評(píng)論、欣賞等等。（包括人物性格、主題思想、寫作風(fēng)格、人

物觀點(diǎn)、流派、修辭）

第五篇：英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)論文致謝

Acknowledgements My study at the College of International Studies will soon come to an end and, at the completion of my graduation thesis;I wish to express my sincere appreciation to all those who have offered me invaluable help during the four years of my undergraduate study here at Tai Zhou Institute of Nanjing university of Science and Technology.Firstly, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Xu Guixiang, for her constant encouragement and guidance.She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis.Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form.Secondly, I should give my hearty thanks to all the other faculty members of the Department of English for their patient instructions in various courses and their precious suggestions for my study here.Lastly, my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years.I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.中華人民共和國(guó)教育部制訂的《九年義務(wù)教育全日制初級(jí)中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱》(試用修訂 版)(2002一11一25)明確指出，義務(wù)教育階段初中英語(yǔ)課程的目標(biāo)是:“??激發(fā)和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，幫助學(xué)生樹立自信心，養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，發(fā)展自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力，形成有效的學(xué)習(xí)策略;使學(xué)生掌握一定的語(yǔ)言基本知識(shí)和基本技能，建立初步的語(yǔ)感，獲得初步運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力，為真實(shí)交際打下基礎(chǔ)”。在詞匯學(xué)習(xí)方面，大綱要求學(xué)生在初中階段完全掌握大約800個(gè)可產(chǎn)出性單詞，短語(yǔ)200條;100一 400個(gè)可認(rèn)讀單詞。然而，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)學(xué)生無(wú)法達(dá)到這一目標(biāo)。他們甚至無(wú)法正確拼、讀、理解這些單詞、短語(yǔ)，更不要談提高其交際能力。根據(jù)本文作者多年的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，造成這一現(xiàn)象的主要原因是學(xué)生缺乏學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)詞匯的興趣一一單調(diào)乏味的傳統(tǒng)詞匯教學(xué)法使得他們對(duì)英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)習(xí)感到疲憊而無(wú)聊。語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者非常清楚掌握足夠量的詞匯對(duì)學(xué)好一門語(yǔ)言的重要性。因此，作為一位語(yǔ)言教師，其主要任務(wù)應(yīng)該是探索出一種簡(jiǎn)易而有效的教學(xué)方法使學(xué)生能夠愉快而高效地學(xué)會(huì)詞匯。在本論文中，作者采用了一種令人興奮的詞匯教學(xué)法一一游戲授詞法教授初中學(xué)生生詞。根據(jù)心

理學(xué)的動(dòng)機(jī)理論和青少年特有的心理特征，由于參與游戲類活動(dòng)而使大腦神經(jīng)被激活的青少年無(wú)論學(xué)習(xí)任何材料都會(huì)顯得簡(jiǎn)單而有效.為了滿足初中英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的需要，本研究旨在調(diào)查以下問(wèn)題:1)游戲授詞法是否能夠激發(fā)初中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的興趣;2)對(duì)于初中學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)游戲授詞法是否比傳統(tǒng)授詞法更有效;3)通過(guò)游戲方式教學(xué)生英語(yǔ)單詞的發(fā)音、拼寫、多重含義以及搭配是否能夠提高初中學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)綜合能力。通過(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查及分析，本研究希望得出以下結(jié)論:

1)通過(guò)游戲授詞能夠激發(fā)初中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的興趣。

2)通過(guò)游戲授詞能夠提高初中學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)詞匯的有效掌握。

3)通過(guò)游戲授詞能夠提高初中學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)綜合能力。

It was described in the syllabus published by Education

Department of China in 2002, clearly pointed out, the stage of English curriculum aims of compulsory education in junior school:“......cultivate and stimulate the students' interest in learning, help students build their self confidence, develop the good study habits, develop their autonomous learning ability, form the effective study strategy;make the students master the basic knowledge and basic skills of language, establish an initial sense of language, to obtain the initial ability in using English, lay a foundation for the real communication”.In

vocabulary learning, it requires students in junior school should completely master approximately 800 output words and 200 phrases, 100 to 400 memorized words.However, we find that most of the students fail to achieve this goal.They even cannot correctly to spell, read, understand the words, phrases and let alone to improve their communicative ability.According to the author’s research for several months, the main reason to cause this phenomenon is the lack of students’ interest in

learning English vocabulary – the monotonous traditional vocabulary teaching method on English vocabulary learning makes them feel tired and boring.Language learners are clearly known to grasp sufficient vocabulary is very important in learning a foreign language.Therefore, as a language

teacher, its main task is to explore kinds of simple and effective teaching methods to enable students to learn vocabulary pleasant and efficient.In this paper, the authors adopt an exciting vocabulary teaching method-game award to junior middle school students' vocabulary lexical teaching.According to Krashen’s(1981)monitoring theory, the psychology of

motivation theory and adolescent psychological characteristics, due to the involvement of the game activities so that the brain is activated by adolescents regardless of much material will be simple and effective.In order to sacrifice the needs of junior high school English vocabulary learning, this study aimed to investigate the following questions:1)whether the games can stimulate students' interest in English vocabulary learning;2)for the

junior high school students whether the games are award more effective than traditional teaching method;3)whether the way ofusing games to teach English vocabulary can improve the

students’ comprehensive ability, such as pronunciation,spelling, words meaning and collocation of multiple meanings.Through the questionnaire survey and analysis, this research hopes to reach the following conclusion:

1)English vocabulary teaching through games can stimulate students' interest in learning English vocabulary.2)English vocabulary teaching through games can improve the mastery of words of the junior high school students.3)English vocabulary teaching through games can improve junior high school students ' English comprehensive ability.Interest is the key in language learning, stimulate students' interest in English learning of junior middle school stage is an important task in English teaching.English teaching should pay attention to the combination of students' psychological and physiological characteristics, is conducive to arouse students' interest in learning.The game teaching method is in the teaching as far as possible the boring language phenomena into students are happy to accept, vivid and interesting game form, for the students to create a rich language communicative situation, make the students to play high school, learning to play, be in junior middle school English classroom teaching method.