第一篇:英語寫作方法
英語寫作方法
對大多數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)英語的同學(xué)來說,英語的詞匯量、句式的積累還極其有限,遠(yuǎn)不能達(dá)到用英文流暢表達(dá),揮灑自如的境地。在這一階段進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作是不合時宜的,如果非要創(chuàng)造,只能寫出“l(fā)ong time no see”這樣的文字來。因此,模仿是這一階段的必經(jīng)途徑。
談到模仿,一些同學(xué)的辦法就是背一堆范文,然后再到考場上進(jìn)行一個“剪切”、“粘貼”的工作,效果可想而知。這不是真正意義上的模仿,充其量算是默寫課文。如何模仿呢?
首先,模仿的目標(biāo)要明確。模仿的重點(diǎn)永遠(yuǎn)要放在一定的句式結(jié)構(gòu)上,而非個別的詞匯。道理很簡單:一個詞,隨著文章內(nèi)容的變換,可能就不能用了;而句式結(jié)構(gòu)是放置四海而皆準(zhǔn)的東西,適用的范圍廣,學(xué)來對寫作的幫助也就明顯。
其次,模仿的材料要地道。像新概念英語這樣的教材就提供了很多原汁原味的英語表達(dá)法。盲目選擇文章學(xué)習(xí),記一些不中不洋的句子,以訛傳訛,浪費(fèi)時間。
最后,模仿要體現(xiàn)在實(shí)際動筆上。比如說,新概念第三冊有一個句式說:“…for the simple reason that…”表示某種現(xiàn)象的原因是什么,用在大學(xué)英語考試中,我們就可以拿來解釋為什么自行車在中國如此的流行,表達(dá)為:“The bicycle is very popular in China for the simple reason that…”。然而,很多同學(xué)經(jīng)常背了這些句式不用,一談到原因仍然是“…because…”,等等。
要靈活變通
在批改英語作文的過程中,經(jīng)常能發(fā)現(xiàn)一些將中文生硬地翻譯成英文的表達(dá)法。由于中英文之間的差異和詞匯量、表達(dá)法積累的不足,出現(xiàn)難于表達(dá)的情況是十分正常的。關(guān)鍵問題在于如何處理。有一句話叫做“立志如山,行道如水”,套用在這個問題上就很合適。寫英文作文,一定要有決心把它寫好,有信心把意思表達(dá)清楚,這是“立志如山”;但關(guān)鍵是遇到問題時要有個靈活的態(tài)度,能像流水一樣變通解決問題。
有個翻譯界的故事說:在某大型國際會議的招待會上,一道菜是用雞蛋做的。與會的客人問翻譯:“What is it made of?”本來是非常簡單的一個問題,結(jié)果翻譯太緊張,忘了“egg”這個詞,但是他急中生智,回答:“It is made of Miss Hen’s son.”這里,就是一個靈活變通的范例。繞道表達(dá),是寫作中應(yīng)該常常運(yùn)用的一種方法。
要細(xì)心觀察
要寫好英語作文,還要帶著敏銳的目光細(xì)心地觀察,注意英語中一些表達(dá)上的習(xí)慣。
比如說,在正式文體的寫作中,很少用 “it isn"t”這樣的略縮形式,而往往是一板一眼地寫作 “it is not”。同理,在正式文體中的日期一般不縮寫,阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字一般會用英文表達(dá)(特別長的數(shù)字除外)。
再比如說,翻翻新概念第三冊所有的課文,會發(fā)現(xiàn)凡是一段文章的段首句出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折時,轉(zhuǎn)折詞However都放在句子結(jié)構(gòu)中的第二部分,以插入語的形式出現(xiàn)。分析原因,是因?yàn)槎温湟婚_始就用轉(zhuǎn)折詞,會時轉(zhuǎn)折顯得較生硬、突兀。
最后,許多同學(xué)在寫作文時,習(xí)慣于把 “since” “because” “for”這樣的詞放在句首引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。事實(shí)上,在我們見到的英語報刊雜志文章中,這樣的從句一般都是放在主句之后的。另外, “and”也常常被誤放在一句話的開頭,表示兩個句子之間的并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。其實(shí),經(jīng)常留心地道的英語文章能發(fā)現(xiàn),如果是并列關(guān)系,完全可以不用連詞;如果是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,用 “furthermore” “what is more”更為普遍。
要心有全局
英文寫作十分強(qiáng)調(diào)形式上的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性,特別是全局的絲絲入扣。如果寫作時結(jié)構(gòu)意識良好,應(yīng)試寫作就簡化成為一個填空的過程了??蚣苋f變不離其宗,適當(dāng)?shù)靥罴佑^點(diǎn)、素材,文章就自然而然地立起來了。
第二篇:英語作文寫作方法
英語作文寫作方法
一、解題思路
面對如此高難度的能力考查,我們應(yīng)該如何著手呢?一般來說,我們可以將它分成七步走:(以實(shí)例為例)
1、認(rèn)真審題,領(lǐng)悟題意
第一步:寫作內(nèi)容
第二步:寫作要求
1)字?jǐn)?shù)要求:以約120個詞就“On Friendship”這個主題發(fā)表看法。
2)注意事項(xiàng):你可以使用實(shí)例或其它論述方法支持你的觀點(diǎn),也可以參照材料的內(nèi)容,但不要抄襲閱讀材料中的句子。
2、整理要點(diǎn),布局謀篇
在明確寫作要求和寫作內(nèi)容后,不要急于動筆寫作。要從整體上把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu),劃分文章的段落,理清文章的層次。如此篇文章我們可以把opinion部分直接按照a)b)c)三個點(diǎn)分成三段。也可以把a(bǔ))b)放在一段,c)則單獨(dú)自成一段。這樣,閱卷老師一眼就能看到你是否把要點(diǎn)寫全。此外,各段的筆墨分配要有機(jī)平衡,不能光a)這一點(diǎn)就寫了90詞,剩下寥寥數(shù)語來論述b)c)兩個要點(diǎn)。
3、組織材料,充分論證
1)調(diào)動經(jīng)驗(yàn),大膽想象
由第一步分析可知,本文的文體是夾敘夾議。其中a)要求我們要有自己的親身經(jīng)歷。這時,我們就應(yīng)充分調(diào)動已有的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn),或者大膽發(fā)揮想象,虛構(gòu)經(jīng)歷。如:Once on a weekend I fell badly ill and had to go to the doctor.Unfortunately, I lived at school and my parents had no idea of my illness.I had thought about living in bed all day hungry.But one of my friends had me sent to hospital and looked after me all day without having a rest, which moved me a lot.It is friendship that gives me a hand when I’m in trouble.2)復(fù)讀材料,移花接木
寫作要求中提到:可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容,但不要抄襲閱讀材料中的句子。那么,就讓我們再回到材料中去,查看有無可以利用的論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)等,再用自己的話語進(jìn)行闡釋,用以充實(shí)文章的內(nèi)容,從而達(dá)到移花接木的效果。如b)要求我們談對友誼的理解,而文章中提到Y(jié)our feeling was “I’m home.I can relax now.” That’s what a friendship should be.那么,我們可以這樣來改寫:To my mind, friendship is a harbor where people may rest secure from storms and waves.再如:c)要求我們談如何建立友誼。這一點(diǎn),其實(shí)文中就有很好的建議:no one can form a friendship until he /she realizes that the basis of being friends is meeting the needs of the other person.One must be a friend to have a friend.在充分利用原文的基礎(chǔ)上,再加入一兩條自己的建議,我們可以寫出這樣的語句:First and foremost, to build up true friendship, do remember to trust your friends.Besides, it’s important for yourself to be a friend to have a friend, and always be honest with the other person.When he is in trouble, lend him a helping hand.4、注意銜接,自然過渡
在完成寫作之后,要特別留意各段落之間的銜接。因?yàn)閍)b)c)三個點(diǎn)雖然被分成三段,1
但卻是一個有機(jī)的整體。我們必須把他們巧妙地銜接起來。如b)c)兩段之間可以如此過渡:Thus, it’s self-evident that friendship is not only a must but also a need to everybody.However, how can we gain a true friendship?
此外,我們還必須注意opinion部分和前面summary的銜接。由于實(shí)例中閱讀材料是議論文體,那么summary部分必然也是以議論為主。而a)中首先要求我們用親身經(jīng)歷來說明朋友對你生活的影響。實(shí)際上就是由議論(summary)轉(zhuǎn)入例證(experience)。那么,我們用一個斷語就可以輕松過渡:As to me / To me, friends bring me a lot或者In terms of me, friends have always been the postman bringing happiness to me.還可以是:According to my experience, I think that what friends bring me is not only trust, understanding but also happiness.總之,只要讀來順暢、自然就達(dá)到目的了。
5、勘誤潤色,錦上添花
在打好草稿后,還需要認(rèn)真復(fù)查,盡可能減少一切可能出現(xiàn)的失誤。檢查時還可從以下幾個方面入手:時態(tài)、語態(tài)是否正確,主謂是否一致,句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整,詞語搭配是否恰當(dāng),單詞拼寫是否有誤,標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號是否準(zhǔn)期等。通過這樣一輪認(rèn)真的復(fù)查,最起碼在詞匯、語法上不會有什么錯誤,從而保證了作文不會得分太低。
當(dāng)然,如果想寫出一篇優(yōu)秀的作文,還少不了最后一著:修飾潤色。按照試題的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),學(xué)生除了概括的準(zhǔn)確性、語言的規(guī)范性、內(nèi)容的合適性外,還必須注意篇章的連貫性。因此,在完成整篇文章的寫作后,還可以在句與句之間、段與段之間增加合適的連接詞或過渡性的詞、短語或句子。此外,句式的表達(dá)盡量多樣化,語言盡量地道化,不要使用漢語式的英語。只有這樣的作文才可能在眾多考卷中脫穎而出,獲得閱卷老師的青睞。以下就是一篇加工后的優(yōu)秀作文:
Friendship plays a big part in our life, just like a home where you can get relaxed.But to keep and form it needs relating and being ready to help each other.According to my experience, I think friends bring me not only trust, understanding but also warmth.Once on a weekend I fell badly ill.Unfortunately, I lived at school and my parents had no idea of my illness.I had thought about lying in bed all day.But one of my friends had me sent to hospital and looked after me without having a rest, which moved me a lot.It is friendship that gives me a hand when I’m in trouble.As I enjoy making friends, I value friendship a lot.And I think friendship is a relationship which requires both honesty with each other and sharing.Thus, to my mind, to build up real friendship, we should make friends with those who we can trust, then take serious concerns on our friendship and always get ready to help each other.二、兩個值得關(guān)注的問題
1、開門見山,求畫龍點(diǎn)睛
寫作時,要讓早已過度疲倦的閱卷老師不用刻意尋找而能一眼就看到你的要點(diǎn)齊全。如本文(opinion部分)的要點(diǎn)是:a)經(jīng)歷、朋友帶來了什么 b)友誼是什么 c)如何建立友誼。那么,在寫作時,要有意識地讓閱卷老師一眼就看到這些相關(guān)字樣,最好是在每段的開頭就點(diǎn)題,并且要對第一句話加以修飾潤色,以達(dá)到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的效果。如:opinion部分第一段就可以如上所述:According to my experience, I think that friends bring me not only trust, understanding but also happiness.第二段則可以這樣開頭: one of man’s largest treasures, without which people can’t know about himself clearly and succeed easily而第三段則可以如此開始:To build up true friendship, you should first know about the other one clearly, and then…
2、忠實(shí)原題,忌畫蛇添足
很多同學(xué)受語文考試中作文習(xí)慣的影響,喜歡在文章末尾加上一小段,抒發(fā)情感,缺往往跑題,形成畫蛇添足之勢。這是一種得不償失、極不明智的做法。如在描述完如何建立友誼這一觀點(diǎn)后,加上這樣一段:In brief, on account of friendship, we won’t be lonely.Therefore, the most important thing we should do is to seize it when it’s coming and treasure it seriously when we have it.或是這樣寫:In fact, we have too many words on friendship in that it is a both serious and delighted topic.這樣,原本一篇優(yōu)秀的作文也可能受到180度大逆轉(zhuǎn)的冷遇。
三、備考策略
1、整體措施
1)擴(kuò)大閱讀面,積累語言素材
除了課程內(nèi)的閱讀,考生在平時要多閱讀,尤其是要多讀報,要多關(guān)注一些時事話題,如環(huán)保、教育、娛樂、科技等。這樣,對于寫作任務(wù)中的閱讀材料就不會太陌生,而且,一般讀了以后多少會有些感悟,那么一旦在寫作中真的碰到這類題材,由這個材料引發(fā)議論就是很自然的事情了。
2)多與人溝通,培養(yǎng)發(fā)散思維
考生在上課時要積極參加各類話題的討論、辯論等,在課間休息、茶余飯后、睡前閑聊等時間也要多與身邊的人交流思想,對發(fā)生在身邊的事情發(fā)表自己的看法和觀點(diǎn)。同時也留意他人對同一事物的看法。這樣,寫作時的opinion部分就水到渠成,不費(fèi)吹灰之力。如Teens的每一期里都有一個供討論的時尚又貼近考生生活的話題,那么考生平時完全可以拿來和同學(xué)交流看法。
3)加強(qiáng)社會實(shí)踐,增加人生閱歷
眾所周知,實(shí)踐出真知。通過親身經(jīng)歷所得來得人生感悟,遠(yuǎn)比紙上談兵來得深刻。如此一來,評論部分就更加能做到有理有據(jù),令人信服。
2、具體措施
1)每周一至兩次的作文訓(xùn)練
俗話說,熟能生巧。只有經(jīng)過不斷地練習(xí),才能培養(yǎng)出良好的寫作習(xí)慣,流暢的表達(dá)能力。也只有這樣,才能真正做到“下筆如有神”。
2)“萬能”句型的積累
考生要在老師的指導(dǎo)下積累一些寫作常用到的優(yōu)秀的表達(dá)方式,即俗話說的“萬能”句型。如:With the deepening of reform and opening-up in our country, ______ has become an increasing popularity.Every coin has two sides.I, myself, hold the view that…
當(dāng)然,優(yōu)秀表達(dá)還可以延伸為一些寫作模板,考生可以先進(jìn)行一定時間的臨摹訓(xùn)練。然后,再內(nèi)化為自己的東西,將其熟練運(yùn)用于寫作當(dāng)中。這就好比幼兒的學(xué)步車一樣,小孩先在里面學(xué)走路,等到真正長大了,能放手走路了,學(xué)步車也就不再需要了。
3)“錯題集”的建立
這里的“錯題集”指的是寫作當(dāng)中常用到的易錯詞匯。如:first, convenient, nowadays, economy, succeed, successful, society, science, support, opinion, chance, future, important, necessary等。此外,還有一些句式也常常被寫錯,如:As is known that…;With the economy
developed;Most of students are agree;People are convenient to do…;There are many people hold the opinion等。這些,考生都必須把他們專門記錄在一個本子上,時刻把它拿出來,寫一寫,背一背正確的拼寫、表達(dá)。這樣,才不至于在考試中重蹈覆轍。
4)勤練書寫,保證卷面整潔
考生一定要養(yǎng)成書寫整潔的習(xí)慣,給人以美好的第一印象。這就好比是一本內(nèi)容非常精彩的小說一樣,如果封面設(shè)計(jì)無任何美感而言,放在書店里,是很難讓人一眼就從那么多的書籍中看中它并拿出來仔細(xì)欣賞的。
第三篇:英語求職信寫作方法
英語求職信寫作方法
要寫一份英文求職信,并不難,但要寫一份精彩的英文求職信,這就需要掌握好英文求職信的寫作技巧,以下為大家提供一些英語求職信寫作方法,希望對大家有幫助。求職信分為推薦信和自薦信兩種,英文求職信寫作步驟如下:下面舉例說明:假設(shè)你叫李平,你從報上得知某公司欲招聘一名英語翻譯,請你給該公司經(jīng)理寫一份信,你的個人資料如下:1.簡況:姓名,李生;年齡,23歲;身高,1.80米;健康狀況,良好;業(yè)余興趣,游泳、唱歌、跳舞。2.簡歷:XX年北京大學(xué)畢業(yè)后分配到南通中學(xué)工作,XX年調(diào)至蘇州中學(xué)工作至今。3.工作:工作認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé),與人相處融洽。4.特長:精通英語,尤其口語,已將多本中文書籍譯成英語,懂一些日語、能用日語與外賓對話。聯(lián)系電話:********聯(lián)系地址:蘇州市人民路**號第一步:介紹消息來源介紹消息來源實(shí)際上是求職信的開篇交待句,它可使求職信顯得自然、順暢;而不介紹消息來源,會使收信人感到意外、忽然,文章也缺乏過渡、照應(yīng),本文消息來源可作如下介紹:Dear managerI learned from the newspaper that your
company wanted to hire an English translator.第二步:表明求職心愿介紹完消息來源后,應(yīng)向收信人表明自己的求職心愿,即寫信的目的,本文求職心愿可作如下介紹:I'm interested in this job very much.I'd like to get this job.第三步:介紹個人簡歷某單位需要新人,求職人也有求職心愿,但這并不意味著這項(xiàng)工作非你莫屬。假如你沒有干好這項(xiàng)工作的經(jīng)歷、實(shí)力,也是難以適應(yīng)的。因此,介紹個人簡歷是必不可少的。本文個人簡歷可介紹如下:Now I'd like to introduce myself to you.My name is Li Ping.I'm 30 years old.I'm 180 cm tall.I'm healthy.I like swimming singing and dancing in my spare time.I graduated from Beijing University in
1994.ThenI went to work in Nantong Middle School.In 1996,I began to work in Suzhou Middle School and I have worked there until now.第四步:擺出求職優(yōu)勢僅有一定的工作經(jīng)歷而沒有自身的優(yōu)勢和特長,也很難求得稱心如意的工作。因此,求職時應(yīng)表明自己除了具有一定的工作經(jīng)歷之外,還具有一定的優(yōu)勢和特長,這樣才能穩(wěn)操勝券。本文可通過如下方法擺出自己的優(yōu)勢:I work hard and I can get along well with others.I'm good at
English and especially my spoken English is very good.I've
translated many Chinese books into English.I can understand Japanese and I can talk to foreigners in Japanese freely.第五步:提出獲職打算豐富的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn),一定的優(yōu)勢和特長,只能代表過去和現(xiàn)在的情況,如果獲職后自以為心愿已了,從此高枕無憂,馬虎從事,那也是得不到用人單位認(rèn)可的。顯然表明獲職后努力工作的決心是感動用人單位的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)從而順利謀得此項(xiàng)工作的重要一環(huán)。本文獲職打算可作如下介紹:If you agree with me I'll work hard and try to be a good translator.第六步:哀求答復(fù)聯(lián)系如果單位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)同意了你的求職要求,你必然要請他和你聯(lián)系,以便你及時做好預(yù)備,到用人單位應(yīng)聘或報到。為正確起見,請求答復(fù)聯(lián)系時你還應(yīng)當(dāng)提供你的通訊地址、郵政編碼、電話號碼、電子信箱等。本文答復(fù)聯(lián)系的內(nèi)容可作如下介紹:If you agree with me please write a letter to me or phone me.I live at No.1 Renmin Road Suzhou city.My telephone number is 3654371.第七步:表明感激之情無論你的請求是否能夠得到滿足的答復(fù),你給用人單位寫信就是給對方添了麻煩,因此你應(yīng)向?qū)Ψ奖砻鞲屑ぶ?。本文可這樣來表明感激之情:Thank you very much.上述七步內(nèi)容聯(lián)成一個整體,再加上下面的信尾,就成為一封完整的求職信。
第四篇:英語慰問信寫作方法[范文模版]
英語慰問信寫作方法及范文
慰問信(Notes of Sympathy on Illness, Injury and Material loss)
親友生了病或受了傷,或由于火災(zāi)、水災(zāi)、被盜等不幸事件蒙受了損失,就應(yīng)該寫封信表示慰問。慰問信要寫得真誠,要注意措辭。寫慰問信時,一定要圍繞一個中心,那就是使收信人從中得到安慰和鼓舞。
Sample 1.Dear Sir,The news of your accident just reached me this morning.I’m greatly shocked to learn that you were knocked down by a car yesterday.How are you feeling today? The only good thing about it is that your mother told me that you are progressing nicely, I hope that you are doing well after the operation, and that you’ll be out of the hospital in about a week.I’m coming to see you on Sunday and trust that your condition will remarkably improve by then.A little package from Rose and me will reach you a day or two.We hope the small thing will interest you.Sincerely yours, Li Ming
Sample 2.Dear John,I am shocked to hear that you have a severe influenza and now are in hospital.I get this news from your mother and know you must be absent for half a month from the classes.Do be careful while you are ill.Don’t worry about your lesson and I am willing to help you learn it when you return.We are best friends so I will never allow you to fall behind.You can watch television or listen to radio programs to help pass the time and forget your pains while you recuperate.I do hope that I can see you soon and bring you some funny cartoons.If there is anything you need me to do, just let me know.We all miss you and shall be happy when you are back.Your truly, Li Ming
慰問信應(yīng)寫得真切,注意措辭,對輕病或者小損失,慰問信應(yīng)寫得輕松一些。相反,對嚴(yán)重病情或重大損失,信就應(yīng)該寫得深沉一些。慰問信寫時應(yīng)注意:
1.寫給受傷人的信要簡短,中肯。信中不必問詢事故發(fā)生的過程、原因、見證人等。
2.慰問信中應(yīng)寫一些被慰問者喜歡或熟悉的事物,如病人的愛好、興趣等,以使病人得到寬慰。
1.向朋友問候 A letter of inquiring after someone’s health Dear [John]: I am extremely sorry to hear that your illness, which we had thought was clearing up, has become more serious, and that your have had to go into hospital.Let us hope that it will be for only a very short time, and that you will soon be out and about again.Everybody here sends his best wishes to you for a quick recovery.With kind regards, Yours sincerely, 親愛的[約翰]:
聽說你病了,我深感不安。原來我們還以為您的病情有所好轉(zhuǎn),事實(shí)上卻反而加重,而不得不住進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。但愿這是短時間的,很快不會恢復(fù)健康。這里每個人都祝愿您早日痊愈。特此問候
2.問候朋友的母親 Inquiring after the health of a friend’s mother Dear [Mr.Wang], I felt very sorry indeed when I heard of [your mother]’s illness, and am anxious to know how [she] is of late.Under a separate cover I am sending [her a box of assorted biscuits] with my best regards.Sincerely yours 親愛的[王先生]:
聽說您的母親身體欠安,深表憂慮。不知令堂近況如何,實(shí)為惦念。隨信另寄上[什錦餅干一盒],并致以最良好的問候。您忠誠的 [吳洋] 3.祝賀朋友病愈 Congratulations on someone’s recovery Dear [Jane]: I learn, with very great pleasure, that the illness which has so cruelly caused great anxiety among your relatives and all those who know you has changed for the better and that you are now recovering, for which I therefore desire to congratulate you warmly.I hope that you will soon be completely restored to health.Yours sincerely 親愛的[簡]:
在您患病的這一期間內(nèi),親戚朋友無不為你掛慮,聽到你的病已有好轉(zhuǎn),并已逐漸痊愈,十分快慰,特地向你祝賀。望你早日完全痊愈。
4.慰問喪偶的朋友 A letter of inquiring to those who lost their husband or wife Dear [Mrs.Harper], I would like to express my sorrow at the recent death of your [husband].In the long time it was my privilege to enjoy [Professor of Harper]’s friendship.I found [him] a since and helpful associate, with whom it was a pleasure [to work].The knowledge that my thoughts are with you at his time will, I hope, be of some comfort to you.Truly yours 親愛的[哈珀女士]:
獲悉你的[丈夫]最近逝世的消息,深表遺憾。長期以來,能與[哈珀教授]保持友誼是我的榮幸。[哈珀教授]是一位我最樂于與其一道[工作]的忠實(shí)而有幫助的朋友。
但愿我此時的問候,能給您帶來一些安慰。Unit 11 道歉信
因過失或疏忽做錯了事,給別人帶來了麻煩或損失,發(fā)覺后要立即寫信給對方賠禮道歉,這是一種禮貌。這類信要寫得坦率,誠懇。
1.因未能踐約赴宴致歉 Unable to keep one’s promise Dear [Miss Nancy], Much to my regret I was unable to keep my promise to attend your [birthday] party [last Saturday], owing to the fact that my [little son] was suddenly taken ill early [that day].Hoping to see you soon.Truly yours, 親愛的[南希小姐]:
[小兒][上周六]突然生病,因此未能應(yīng)約赴[生日]宴,殊覺抱歉,希原諒,再見。祝 好!
2.因遲復(fù)來信致歉 Because of answering one’s letter late Dear [David]: I am afraid that you will think me unpardonably negligent in not having answered your letter dated [7, December] sooner, but when I have told you the reason, I trust you will be convinced that the neglect was excusable.When your letter arrived, I was just in [Hong Kong].As my family could not forward it to me during my absence, it has been, therefore, lying on my desk until the moment when I took it up.Now the first thing I have to hasten to do is to write to you these few lines to express my deep regret.I enjoyed many pleasant sights during my trip.I shall be pleased to give you an account to of them when I see you next.Yours, 親愛的[戴維]:
請?jiān)徫沂盏侥鶾12月7日]的來信后遲遲未復(fù),現(xiàn)將原因告訴您,相信您一定會諒解的。您的來信到來時,我正巧在[香港],家人無法及時轉(zhuǎn)遞。你的信一直放在我寫字臺上,直到我回到才看見,拖至今天才回信,深表歉意。
這次出去旅行飽覽了許多美麗景色,下次見到您時,將告訴您一切。祝好!
3.因未能及時還書致歉 Unable to return borrowed book on time Dear [Kate]: Excuse me for my long delaying in returning to you your “Robinson Crusoe” which I read through with great interest.I had finished reading the book and was about to return it when [my cousin] came to see me.Never having seen the book, [She] was so interested in it that I had to retain it longer.However, I hope that in view of the additional delight thus afforded by your book, you will overlook my negligence in not returning it sooner.Thanking you again for the loan.Sincerely yours, 親愛的[凱特]:
我遲遲未能歸還您的那本《魯濱遜飄流記》,請?jiān)?。該書我讀得津津有味。讀完后,正預(yù)備歸還您時,我的[表妹]來訪,見這本書也感興趣,定要借去一讀。為了讓別人也能分享您那本書所給予的樂趣,我不能及時歸還。我想再延遲些日子奉還,諒您不會介意的。再次感謝您的慷慨。祝好!
4.因遺失借書致歉 Because of losing a borrowed book Dear [Frank]: I am terribly sorry to tell you that I have lost the valuable book you were so kind to lend me [last week].I read it [everyday] and intended to finish it [next month].[Last night] when I came to my room, it was nowhere to be found.I will try to recover it as soon as possible.If I fail to find it, I will get a new book for you.But I am afraid it can never take the place of the old one.Old books are like old friends.Once lost, they can never be replaced.They are connected with cherished associations which the new ones can never have.And for this irrecoverable loss, I am to blame.I was so careless with my things.This is a warning to me to be more careful in the future.Yours truly, 親愛的[弗蘭克]:
很抱歉,[上星期]您借給我的那本書竟遺失了。我[每天]都在看,準(zhǔn)備[下個月]看完。[昨晚]我回到我的臥室,到處也找不到那本書。我將盡力找到它。萬一找不到,我只好買一本新的還您。
但是,新書恐怕不能代替那本舊書吧!舊書跟舊友一樣,一旦失去就不能再得。舊書與往事相連,這種不可彌補(bǔ)的損失,皆由我起。我對待一切太大意了,這次給我一個警告,叫我以后要小心。
第五篇:英語說明文的寫作方法
英語說明文的寫作方法
1.羅列法(listing)
在文章開始時提出需要說明的東西和觀點(diǎn),然后常用first,second,…and finally加以羅列說明。羅列法廣泛地使用于各類指導(dǎo)性的說明文之中。
羅列法經(jīng)常用下列句式展開段落,我們可以注意模仿學(xué)習(xí)
There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language.First of all,…Secondly,…And finally,…
We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all,…Secondly,…And finally,必須指出的是,有時羅列法并不一定有明確的first,second…等詞,但文章還是以羅列論據(jù)展開的。
2.舉例法(examples)
舉例法是用具體的例子來說明我們要表達(dá)的意思,常用for example,for instance,still another example is…等詞語引出
舉例法和羅列法有時可以結(jié)合使用:即用羅列法來列出例子,用例子充實(shí)羅列的說明。
3.比較法(comparison and contrast)
比較法是對兩個對象進(jìn)行比較,從而進(jìn)行說明的寫作手法。比較法又可細(xì)分為比較相同點(diǎn)(comparison)和比較不同點(diǎn)(contrast)兩種方法
在比較相同點(diǎn)的時候,常用到similarly,also,too,in the same case,in spite of the difference等這樣的詞語。however,on the other hand,in contrast,but,nevertheless等表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語常用來引導(dǎo)對不同點(diǎn)的比較。
4.定義法(definition)
定義法也是英語說明文中常用的寫作手法,特別是在對具體事物概念進(jìn)行說明時經(jīng)常使用。定義法的基本要素是定義句。英語中常見定義句的模式是
被定義對象is所屬類別+限制性定語比如
A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on(以…為食品)fruit and insects but is not a bird.5.順序法(sequence of time,space and process)
順序法是指按時間、空間或過程的順序進(jìn)行說明的一種寫作手法。比如按照時間順序介紹一個科學(xué)家的生平,用空間順序闡述逐漸開發(fā)西部的重要意義,用過程順序法解釋葡萄酒的生產(chǎn)過程等等。
6.分類法(classification)分類法是將寫作對象進(jìn)行分類說明的一種寫作手法
Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested,that is,some books are to be read only in parts,others to be read,but not curiously,and some f ew to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention.Some books also may be read by deputy,and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments,and the meaner sort of books…