第一篇：新課標高中英語選修6課文_第一單元reading翻譯

藝術(shù)是受一個民族的風俗和信仰影響。西方藝術(shù)風格經(jīng)歷了多次變革。因為西方藝術(shù)多種多樣，在短短的一篇課文里不可能進行全面的描述。因此，本書只談及從公元六世紀開始以來最重要的幾種藝術(shù)風格。

中世紀(5到15世紀)

在中世紀時期,畫家的主要目的是把宗教主題表現(xiàn)出來。這一時期傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)家無意于如實地展現(xiàn)自然和人物。這時的典型繪畫充滿了宗教的特征，體現(xiàn)出了對上帝的愛戴和敬重。但是，13世紀時繪畫觀念在改變是顯而易見的，像喬托這樣的畫家開始以一種更現(xiàn)實的方式來畫宗教場景。

文藝復興時期（15世紀到16世紀）

在文藝復興時期,新的思想和價值觀逐漸取代了中世紀的思想和價值觀。人們開始較少關(guān)注宗教主題而采取一種更人性化的生活態(tài)度。同時畫家們回到羅馬、希臘的古典藝術(shù)理念上。他們力爭如實畫出人物和自然。富人們想擁有自己的藝術(shù)品，這樣就可以裝飾自己的高級宮殿和豪宅。他們出價聘請著名藝術(shù)家不僅讓他們畫他們的活動和成就，還要他們畫自己的肖像、房子和所有物。在此期間，最重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一就是如何用透視法來畫出事務。這一手法是1428年由馬薩喬第一次使用的。當人們第一次看到他的畫時，還以為是透過墻上的小洞來觀看真實的場景，并對此深信不疑。如果沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)透視法，就沒有人能畫出如此逼真的畫。巧合的是，這一時期油畫顏料也得到了發(fā)展，使得繪畫的色彩看上去更豐富、更深沉。沒有新的顏料和新的手法，我們就不能看到很多使這一時期著名的杰作。

印象派(19世紀后期到20世紀初期)

19世紀后期，歐洲發(fā)生了巨大的變化，從以農(nóng)業(yè)為主的社會轉(zhuǎn)變成了以工業(yè)為主的社會。許多人從農(nóng)村遷入到新城市。有許多新發(fā)明和社會變革。這些變革也自然地促成了新的繪畫風格。在那些突破傳統(tǒng)畫法的畫家中有生活和工作在法國巴黎的印象派畫家。

印象派畫家是第一批室外寫景的畫家。他們急切地想把一天中不同時間投射到物體上的光線和陰影呈現(xiàn)出來。然而由于自然光的變化很快，印象派畫家們必須很快地作畫，因此，他們的畫就不像以前那些畫家們的畫那樣細致了。起初，很多人不喜歡這種畫法，甚至還怒不可遏。他們說這些畫家作畫時漫不經(jīng)心，粗枝大葉，而他們的作品更是荒謬可笑。

現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)(20世紀到今天)

在印象派作品的創(chuàng)建初期，他們是存在著爭議的，但是如今已經(jīng)被人們接受而成為我們現(xiàn)在所說的“現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”的始祖了。這是因為印象派鼓勵畫家用一種嶄新的視角看待他們的環(huán)境。如今，現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)風格有好幾十種，然而如果沒有印象派，那么這許多不同的風格也許就不可能存在。一方面，有些現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)是抽象的，也就是說，畫家并不打算把我們眼睛看到的東西如實地畫出來，而是集中展現(xiàn)物體的某些品質(zhì)特征，用色彩、線條和形狀把它們呈現(xiàn)出來。而另一方面，有些現(xiàn)代派的藝術(shù)作品卻是那么真實，看上去就像是照片。這些風格如此不同。誰能預言將來會有什么樣的繪畫風格？

第二篇：高中英語選修八課文及翻譯

選修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Reading

CALIFORNIA California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.Unit1 加利福尼亞

加利福尼亞是美國的第三大州，而且是人口最多的州。加州與眾不同之處在于它也是美國最具多元文化的一個州，它吸引了來自世界各地的人們。這些移民的風俗習慣以及語言在他們的新家都得以延續(xù)。當你了解了加利福尼亞的歷史后，你就不會對此感到驚訝了。NATIVE AMERCANS

Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly.Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans.However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more

Native Americans living in California than in any other state.美洲土著人

最早的一批人具體是在什么時候來到我們現(xiàn)在所知道的加利福尼亞地區(qū)的，誰也說不清楚。然而，很可能至少在15 ,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亞了?？茖W家們認為，這些遷居者通過一條史前時代曾經(jīng)存在的大陸橋穿越北極地區(qū)的白令海峽到達美洲。歐洲人在16世紀來到這兒后，土著人遭受了極大的苦難，成千上萬的人被殺害或被迫成為奴隸。此外，歐洲人帶來了疾病，使許多人染病而死，不過，還是有一些人在經(jīng)歷了這些恐怖時期后活下來了。今天住在加利福尼亞的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。

THE SPANISH In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain.Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land.Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain.California then became part of Mexico.In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA.However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state.That is why today over 40 of

Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.西班牙人

在18世紀的時候，加利福尼亞是由西班牙統(tǒng)治的西班牙士兵最早是在1 6世紀初期來到南美洲的，他們同土著人打仗，并奪去了他們的土地3兩個世紀以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地區(qū)定居下來，而且還在我們現(xiàn)在稱之為美國的西北沿海地區(qū)住下來c在首批移

居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責是向原住民傳授天主教。1821年，墨西哥人從西班牙獲得了獨立-加利福尼亞于是成了墨西哥的一部分。1846年美國向墨西哥宣戰(zhàn)，美國贏得戰(zhàn)爭勝利后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亞割讓給美國。但是，這個州至今仍然保留著很強的西班牙的影響。這就是為什么今天還有40%的加利福尼亞人仍然把西班牙語作為第一或第二語言的緣故。

RUSSIANS In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California.Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.俄羅斯人

19世紀初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄羅斯獵人開始在加利福尼亞定居下來。今天，住在圣弗朗西斯科（舊金山）及其周邊地區(qū)的美籍俄羅斯人約有25,000人。GOLD MINERS In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in

California.The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world.The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States.Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed.In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich.Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.They settled in the new towns or on farms.By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.淘金礦工

1848年，在美國同墨西哥開戰(zhàn)之后不久，在加利福尼亞發(fā)現(xiàn)了金礦。發(fā)財夢很快就吸引了世界各地的人。距離最近因而來得最早的是南美洲人和美國人。隨后跟著來的有歐洲和亞洲的探險家。事實上很少有人圓了發(fā)財夢。一些人死了或回家了，但是盡管條件十分艱苦，多數(shù)人還是留在了加利福尼亞勞作謀生，并在新的城鎮(zhèn)或農(nóng)場里定居下來。到1850年加利福尼亞成為美國第31個州的時候，它已經(jīng)是一個有著多種文化的社會了。

LATER A RRIVALS Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large

percentage have chosen to stay in the “Chinatowns” of Los Angeles and San Francisco.Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century.In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture.By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California.The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people.Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there.People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico.However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries.后來的移民

雖然中國移民在淘金熱時期就開始到來了，但是更大批量的移民卻是在1 9世紀60年代為了修建貫穿美國東西海岸的鐵路而來的。今天，加利福尼亞州各地都有美籍華人，盡管有很大比例的華人還是選擇住在洛杉磯和圣弗朗西斯科（舊金山）的“中國城”里。

19世紀后期，其他國家的移民，比如意大利人來到了加利福尼亞，他們主要是漁民，也有制酒工人。1911年，丹麥的移民建立了自己的城鎮(zhèn)，至今仍然保留著丹麥文化。20世紀20年代，電影業(yè)在加州的

好萊塢建立了起來。這個行業(yè)吸引了大量的歐洲人，包括許多猶太人。今天，加利福尼亞的猶太人口在美國占第二位。

日本農(nóng)民是在20世紀初期開始到加利福尼亞來的，而從20世紀80年代以來就有更多的日本人在加利福尼亞定居了。非洲人從1 9世紀就在加利福尼亞住下來，他們是從墨西哥向北遷來的。然而，更多的非洲人是在1942年至1945年期間來到加利福尼亞的，當時他們是到船廠和飛機廠工作。

MOST RECENT ARRIVALS In more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians.Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California.最近期的移民

在最近的幾十年里，加利福尼亞成了更多的亞洲人的家，包括朝鮮人、柬埔寨人、越南人和老撾人。從20世紀70年代以來，計算機工業(yè)吸引了印度人和巴基斯坦人來到加州。

THE FUTURE People from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.未來展望

世界各地的人，由于受到氣候條件和生活方式的吸引，仍然在繼續(xù)遷入加利福尼亞。人們認為，要不了多久，多種國籍的混合將會非常之大，以致不可能存在一種主要的種族或文化群體，而是多種族、多文化的混合體。

GEORGE’S DIARY 12TH—14TH JUNE Monday 12th, June Arrived early this morning by bus.Went straight to hotel to drop my luggage, shower and shave.Then went exploring.First thing was a ride on a cable car.From top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city.Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams.Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it.Had a late lunch at Fisherman's What.This is the district where Italian fishermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing industry.Now it's a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries.It's also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and other places in the Bay.Did so much exploring at Fisherman's What.Am exhausted and don't feel like doing anything else.Early bed tonight!

Tuesday 13th, June

Teamed up with a couple from my hotel(Peter and Terri)and hired a car.Spent all day driving around the city.There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists.It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go.It's a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.Stopped many times to admire the view of the city from different angles and take photographs.Now have a really good idea of what the city's like.In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri.Chinese immigrants settled in this area in the 1850s.The fronts of the buildings are decorated to look like old buildings in southern China.Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants.Also art galleries and a museum containing documents, photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese immigration, but it is closed in the evening.Will go back during the day.Had a delicious meal and then walked down the hill to our hotel.Wednesday 14th, June

In morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay.On the way had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge.From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.The cells in the station

were very small, cold and damp;some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go.Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them.They wrote poems on the walls about their loneliness and mourned their former life in China.In 1940 the civil authorities reformed the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA.Made me very thoughtful and thankful for my life today.選修8 Unit 2 Cloning-Reading CLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US? Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay.It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.Unit2 克?。核鼘盐覀円蚝畏?？

克隆一直與我們同在，而如今它還要持續(xù)下去。這是一種用來生產(chǎn)與原型完全相同的動植物的方法。當園藝師從生長著的植物上剪下枝條來培植新植物時，就會產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象。這種現(xiàn)象也發(fā)生在動物身上，從同一個原生卵子產(chǎn)生性別和相貌相同的雙胞胎也是克隆。實際上，這些都是自然克隆現(xiàn)象。

Cloning has two major uses.Firstly, gardeners use it all the

time to produce commercial quantities of plants.Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.It is a difficult task to undertake.Many attempts to clone mammals failed.But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthroughthe telephone in 1876.Bell never

set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph.This original telegraph sent a message over distances using Morse code(a series of dots tapped out along a wire in a particular order).But only one message could go at a time.Bell wanted to improve it so that it could send several messages at the same time.He designed a machine that would separate different sound waves and allow different conversations to be held at the same time.But he found the problem difficult to solve.One day as he was experimenting with one end of a straw joined to a deaf man's ear drum and the other to a piece of smoked glass, Bell noticed that when he spoke into the ear, the straw drew sound waves on the glass.Suddenly he had a flash of inspiration.If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current, they could be sent along a wire.In searching to improve the telegraph,Bell had invented the first telephone!Bell was fully aware of the importance of his invention and wrote to his father: “The day is coming when telegraph wires will be laid on to houses just like water or gas – and friends will talk to each other without leaving home.” The patent was given in 1876, but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.The words have now become famous:

“Mr WatsonI want to see you.” Alexander Graham Bell was not a man to rest and he interested himself in many other areas of invention.He experimented with helicopter designs and flying machines.While searching for a kite strong enough to carry a man into the air, Bell experimented putting triangles together and discovered the tetrahedron shape.Being very stable, it has proved invaluable in the design of bridges.Bell was an inventor all his life.He made his first invention at eleven and his last at seventy-five.Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody's life.選修8 Unit 4 Pygmalion-Reading

PYGMALION MAIN CHARACTERS: Eliza Doolittle(E): a poor flower girl who is ambitious to improve herself Professor Higgins(H): an expert in phonetics, convinced that the quality of a person's English decides his/her position in society Colonel Pickering(CP): an officer in the army and later a friend of Higgins' who sets him a task

Unit4 皮格馬利翁

主要人物：

伊菜扎·杜利特爾（伊）：窮苦的賣花姑娘，立志要改善自己的生活 希金斯教授（希）：語音學專家，堅信一個人的英語水平?jīng)Q定這個人的社會地位皮克林上校（皮）：陸軍軍官，后來成了希金斯教授的朋友，并給他安排了一項任務

Act One FATEFUL MEETINGS 11 :15 pm in London, England in 1914 outside a theatre.It is pouring with rain and cab whistles are blowing in all directions.A man is hiding from the rain listening to people's language and watching their reactions.While watching, he makes notes.Nearby a flower girl wearing dark garments and a woollen scarf is also sheltering from the rain.A gentleman(G)passes and hesitates for a moment.E: Come over’ere, cap’in, and buy me flowers off a poor girl.G: I'm sorry but I haven't any change.E: I can giv’ou change, cap’in.G:(surprised)For a pound? I'm afraid I've got nothing less.E:(hopefully)Oah!Oh, do buy a flower off me, Captain.Take this for three pence.(holds up some dead flowers)G:(uncomfortably)Now don't be troublesome, there's a good girl.(looks in his wallet and sounds more friendly)But, wait, here's some small change.Will that be of any use to you? It's raining heavily now, isn't it?(leaves)E:(disappointed at the outcome, but thinking it is better than nothing)

Thank you, sir.(sees a man taking notes and feels worried)Hey!I ain’t done nothing wrong by speaking to that gentleman.I've a right to sell flowers, I have.I ain’t no thief.I'm an honest girl I am!(begins to cry)H:(kindly)There!There!Who's hurting you, you silly girl? What do you take me for?(gives her a handkerchief)E: I thought maybe you was a policeman in disguise.H: Do I look like a policeman? E:(still worried)Then why did 'ou take down my words for? How do I know whether 'ou took me down right? 'ou just show me what 'ou've wrote about me!H: Here you are.(hands over the paper covered in writing)E: What's that? That ain't proper writing.I can't read that.(pushes it back at him)H: I can.(reads imitating Eliza)“Come over' ere, cap'in, and buy me flowers off a poor girl.”(in his own voice)There you are and you were born in Lisson Grove if I'm not mistaken.E:(looking confused)What if I was? What's it to you? CP:(has been watching the girl and now speaks to Higgins)That's quite brilliant!How did you do that, may I ask? H: Simply phonetics studied and classified from people's own speech.That's my profession and also my hobby.You can place a man by

just a few remarks.I can place any spoken conversation within six miles, and even within two streets in London sometimes.CP: Let me congratulate you!But is there an income to be made in that? H: Yes, indeed.Quite a good one.This is the age of the newly rich.People begin their working life in a poor neighbourhood of London with 80 pounds a year and end in a rich one with 100 thousand.But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths.Now once taught by me, she'd become an upper class lady...CP: Is that so? Extraordinary!H:(rudely)Look at this girl with her terrible English: the English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days.But, sir,(proudly)once educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador's garden party.Perhaps I could even find her a place as a lady's maid or a shop assistant, which requires better English.E: What's that you say? A shop assistant? Now that's sommat I want, that is!H:(ignores her)Can you believe that? CP: Of course!I study many Indian dialects myself and...H: Do you indeed? Do you know Colonel Pickering? CP: Indeed I do, for that is me.Who are you?

H: I'm Henry Higgins and I was going to India to meet you.CP: And I came to England to make your acquaintance!E: What about me? How'll you help me? H: Oh, take that.(carelessly throws a handful of money into her basket)We must have a celebration, my dear man.(leave together)E:(looking at the collected money in amazement)Well, I never.A whole pound!A fortune!That'll help me, indeed it will.Tomorrow I'll find you, Henry Higgins.Just you wait and see!All that talk of(imitates him)“authentic English”...(in her own voice)I'll see whether you can get that for me...(goes out)第一幕

決定性的會面

1914年的某日晚上11點15分，在英國倫敦某劇場夕。正下著傾盆大雨，四處響著出租車的鳴笛聲。有一位男士在躲雨，邊聽人們談話邊觀察著人們的反應。他一邊觀察，一邊作記錄。附近一個穿著黑色衣裙圍著羊毛圍巾的賣花姑娘也在躲雨。這時有位先生（先）從這兒路過，他遲疑了片刻。

伊：長官，過這邊來呀，買我這個苦命的孩子一束花吧！先：對不起，我沒有零錢，伊：長官，我可以給你找零錢呀。

先：（驚奇地）一個英鎊你找得開嗎？沒有再小的錢了。

伊：（帶有希望的神色）??！好啦，從我這買一束吧。拿這一束，只要三個便士o（舉起一些已經(jīng)枯萎的花）

先：（不舒服地）現(xiàn)在別煩我，好姑娘。（在他的口袋里找什么，這時語氣好些了）等一等，這兒有幾個零錢。這點錢對你有用嗎？雨下大了，不是嗎？（說完就走了）

伊：（對先生付的錢表現(xiàn)出失望的樣子，但是有總比沒有好）先生，謝謝了。（看到有人在記什么，感到擔心）嗨，我跟那位先生講話，又沒做錯什么事。我有權(quán)賣花吧，我有權(quán)嘛！我不是小偷，我是個老實姑娘，老老實實的！（開始哭起來）

希：（友善地）好啦，好啦！誰傷害你了，傻姑娘？你把我當成什么人了？（遞給她一條手帕）

伊：我還以為你是一個便衣警察呢。希：我像警察嗎？

伊：（仍在擔心）那你為啥要把我說的話記下來呢？我怎么知道你是不是寫對了呢？那你把你寫的關(guān)于我的東西給我看看。希：你看吧！（把寫滿字的紙遞給她）

伊：這是什么呀？不像規(guī)規(guī)矩矩的字，我看不懂。（把紙退回給他）希：我懂。（模仿伊的聲音讀）長官，過這邊來呀，買我這個苦命孩子一束花吧?。ǜ挠米约旱穆曇簦┖昧税桑阊?，如果我沒有弄錯的話，你出生在里森格羅佛：

伊：（困惑不解的）如果我是又怎樣呢？跟你有什么關(guān)系呢？ 皮：（本來是一直望著這個姑娘的，這時跟希金斯說話了）太棒了！請問你是怎么知道的呢？

希：對人的發(fā)音進行研究、分類，如此而已。這是我的專業(yè)，也是我 的業(yè)余愛好。你可以根據(jù)幾句話判定是哪個地方的人。我可以根據(jù)任何談話來判定他們是哪個地方的人，差距不過六英里，有時候在倫敦甚至不超過兩個街區(qū)呢。

皮：恭喜你了！不過，你這樣做有收入嗎？

希：當然有哆，還挺高呢。這是個致富的年代

人們從倫敦的窮人區(qū)開始工作，年收入才80英鎊，最后到了富人區(qū)工作，年收入就是10萬英鎊了，但是他們一張嘴就會露出馬腳（暴露自己的身份）。如今如果讓我一教，她就會變成一個上層階級的淑女…… 皮：是嗎？那太妙了！

希：（粗魯?shù)兀┠闱七@個姑娘，英語說得那樣糟糕，使她注定要在貧民窟里待上一輩子。不過，先生，（高傲地）要是一旦有人教她把英語說好了，她就可以在三個月以內(nèi)冒充公爵夫人出席大使主辦的花園晚會了。說不定我還可 以給她找份工作，當一名貴夫人的侍女或商店的店員。這些工作都要求英語說得好呢。

伊：你說啥來著？店員？這正是我想要做的，真的！希：（不理睬她）你相信我說的話嗎？

皮：當然相信。我自己就學了好多種印度方言，而且…… 希：真的嗎？那你認不認得皮克林上校呢？ 皮：當然認得，皮克林就是我。那么請問您是誰？ 希：我是亨利·希金斯。我還打算要去印度見你呢： 皮：我也正是到英國來找你的！伊：我呢？你們怎么幫助我呢？

希：啊，拿去吧?。唤?jīng)心地朝她的籃子里扔去一把錢）好老兄，我們該美美地慶祝一番了。（一道離去）

伊：（驚奇地看著收集起來的錢）啊，我還從來沒有見過！整整一個英鎊呢！一筆財富呀！這的確給我?guī)痛竺α?，真的。明天我一定去找你，亨利·希金斯。等著瞧吧！你那口（模仿他的聲音）“真正的英語”……（用自己的聲音）我倒要看看你能不能幫我找到……（離去）

Act Two, Scene 1 MAKING THE BET It is 11am in Henry Higgins' house the next day.Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep in conversation.H: Do you want to hear any more sounds? CP: No, thank you.I rather fancied myself because I can pronounce twenty-four distinct vowel sounds;but your one hundred and thirty beat me.I can't distinguish most of them.H:(laughing)Well, that comes with practice.There is a knock and Mrs Pearce(MP), the housekeeper, comes in with cookies, a teapot, some cream and two cups.MP:(hesitating)A young girl is asking to see you.H: A young girl!What does she want? MP: Well, she's quite a common kind of girl with dirty nails.I thought perhaps you wanted her to talk into your machines.H: Why? Has she got an interesting accent? We'll see.Show her in, Mrs Pearce.MP:(only half resigned to it)Very well, sir.(goes downstairs)H: This is a bit of luck.I'll show you how I make records on wax disks...MP:(returning)This is the young girl, sir.(Eliza comes into the room shyly following Mrs Pearce.She is dirty and wearing a shabby dress.She curtsies to the two men.)H:(disappointed)Why!I've got this girl in my records.She's the one we saw the other day.She's no use at all.Take her away.CP:(gently to Eliza)What do you-want, young lady? E:(upset)I wanna be a lady in a flower shop 'stead o' selling flowers in the street.But they won't take me 'less I speak better.So here I am, ready to pay him.I'm not asking for any favourswhy, it's the best offer I've had!(to Eliza)But if I teach you, I'll be worse than a father.CP: I say, Higgins.Do you remember what you said last night? I'll

say you're the greatest teacher alive if you can pass her off as a lady.I'll be the referee for this little bet and pay for the lessons too...E:(gratefully)Oh, yer real good, yer are.Thank you, Colonel.H: Oh, she is so deliciously low.(compromises)OK, I'll teach you.(to Mrs Pearce)But she'll need to be cleaned first.Take her away, Mrs Pearce.Wash her and burn her horrible clothes.We'll buy her new ones.What's your name, girl? E: I'm Eliza Doolittle and I'm clean.My clothes went to the laundry when I washed last week.MP: Well, Mr Higgins has a bathtub of his own and he has a bath every morning.If these two gentlemen teach you, you'll have to do the same.They won't like the smell of you otherwise.E:(sobbing)I can't.I dursn't.It ain't natural and it'd kill me.I've never had a bath in my life;not over my whole body, neither below my waist nor taking my vest off.I'd never have come if I'd known about this disgusting thing you want me to do...H: Once more, take her away, Mrs Pearce, immediately.(Outside Eliza is still weeping with Mrs Pearce)You see the problem, Pickering.It'll be how to teach her grammar, not just pronunciation.She's in need of both.CP: And there's another problem, Higgins.What are we going to do once the experiment is over?

H:(heartily)Throw her back.CP: But you cannot overlook that!She'll be changed and she has feelings too.We must be practical, mustn't we? H: Well, we'll deal with that later.First, we must plan the best way to teach her.CP: How about beginning with the alphabet.That's usually considered very effective...(fades out as they go offstage together)

選修8 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors-Reading A VISIT TO THE ZHOUKOUDIAIN CAVES A group of students(S)from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit.An archaeologist(A)is showing them round.A: Welcome to the Zhoukoudian caves here in China.It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeology.You must be aware that it's here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.We've been excavating here for many years and...S1: I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? There are only rocks and trees.A: Good question.You are an acute observer.We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as

tools and other objects.So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.S2: How did they keep warm? They couldn't have mats, blankets or quilts like we do.It must have been very uncomfortable.A: We've discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where they made fires.That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.We haven't found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold during the freezing winter.S3: What wild animals were there all that time ago? A: Well, we've been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, and we think these were their most dangerous enemies.Now what do you think this tells us about the life of these early people?(shows picture of a sewing needle)S2.: Gosh!That's a needle.Goodness, does that mean they repaired things? A: What else do you think it might have been used for? S4: Let me look at it.It's at most three centimetres long.Ah yes, it seems to be made of bone.I wonder how they made the hole for the...S2:(interrupting)Do you mean that they made their own clothes? Where did they get the material? A: They didn't have material like we have today.Can you guess what they used? Sl: Wow!Did they wear clothes made entirely of animal skins? How did they prepare them? I'm sure they were quite heavy to cut and sew together.A: Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins.We continue discovering tools that were sharpeners for other tools.It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.Then smaller scrapers were probably used to remove the fat and meat from the skin.After that they would rub an ample amount of salt onto the skin to make it soft.Finally, they would cut it and sew the pieces together.Quite a difficult and messy task!Now look at this.(shows a necklace)S2:Why, it's a primitive necklace.Did early people really care about their appearance like we do? It's lovely!A:Yes, and so well preserved.What do you think it's made of?.S4:Let me see.Oh, I think some of the beads are made of animal bones but others are made of shells.A:How clever you are!One bone is actually an animal tooth and the shells are from the seaside.Can you identify any other bones?

S1:This one looks very much like a fish bone.Is that reasonable? A:Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.Probably there were fish in it.S3:But a lake is not the sea.We are miles from the sea, so how did the seashells get here? A:Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on their journeys.We know that they moved around, following the herds of animals.They didn't grow their own crops, but picked fruit when it ripened and hunted animals.That's why they are called hunters and gatherers.Now, why don't we go and visit the caves?

Unit5 周口店洞穴參觀記

一群英國學生（學）來到周口店洞穴參觀。有一位考古學家（考）正領著他們參觀。

考：歡迎到中國來參觀周口店洞穴。很高興見到你們這些從英國來的對考古學感興趣的學生。你們想必都很清楚，正是在這個地方，我們找到了世界上居住在這個地方最早人類的證據(jù)。我們在這兒進行的挖掘工作已經(jīng)很多年了，而且…… 學1：

對不起，打斷一下你的講話，請問他們是怎么住在這個地方的呢？這兒只有石頭和樹木?？迹簡柕煤?。你是個敏銳的觀察者，在高山上的那些洞穴里我們找到了人骨和獸骨，還有工具和其他物品因此，我們有理由認為他們不顧嚴寒，就住在這些洞穴里。

學2：那他們是怎樣取暖的呢？他們不可能像我們現(xiàn)在這樣有墊子、毯子和被子。想必是很不舒服的了。

考：我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在洞穴中央有生火用的地爐。他們用地爐里的火來取暖、做飯，還可以用火來嚇跑野獸。我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰，幾乎有六米厚，這意味著他們可能整個冬天都在燒火。我們還沒有找到門，但我們認為在天寒地凍的冬季他們可能是用獸皮掛在洞口來防寒的。學3：在那以前有些什么野獸嗎？考：嗯，我們在洞里發(fā)現(xiàn)了老虎和熊的骨頭。我們認為這些野獸對他們來講是最危險的敵人了?，F(xiàn)在，你們看這個東西能告訴我們有關(guān)早期人類生活的什么情況呢？（指著一張有針線的照片讓大家看）

學2：哎呀，那是一根針！天哪，難道他們還會修補東西嗎？ 考：除此之外，你認為還可能派別的什么用場嗎？

學4：讓我看看。這個東西最多三厘米長，看起來像是用骨頭做的。我不知道他們是怎樣做成針眼的……

學2：（插話）你是不是說他們自己做衣服穿？他們又是從哪里得到衣料的呢？

考：他們沒有像我們今天穿的這種衣料。你能猜出他們用的是什么嗎？ 學1：哇，他們穿的衣服全都是用獸皮做的嗎？他們那些衣服是怎樣做

成的？我確信它們裁剪并縫起來又厚又重。

考：我們有證據(jù)表明，他們的確穿的是用獸皮制的衣服。我們不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)一些磨削其他工具用的工具?？礃幼铀麄兛赡苁怯媚ゼ獾氖鱽砬懈钜矮F并剝皮，再用小一些的刮子把皮上的脂肪和肉去掉。然后，他們可能在獸皮上擦上大量的鹽，使皮變?nèi)彳?。最后進行剪裁，縫起來就成了。確實是既難又臟的活！現(xiàn)在來看看這個吧。（指著一串項鏈）考：你真聰明！有塊骨頭實際上是野獸的牙齒，貝殼是從海邊撿來的。你還認得別的骨頭嗎？ 學1：這根很像魚骨頭，對嗎？

考：很對。植物學的分析結(jié)果明確地告訴我們，這兒四周曾經(jīng)是一個很．大的淺水湖。毫無疑問，當時湖里是有魚的。

學3：不過，湖并不是海呀，我們離海還遠著呢¨眷客，更殼又是怎么來的呢？

考：早期人類之間也許有貿(mào)易來往，或者他們也可能旅行到海邊去。我們知道，他們跟著獸群四處走。他們并不種植谷物，而是在野果熟了的時候采摘它們并捕殺野獸來充饑。這就是他們被稱之為獵人和采摘者的緣故?，F(xiàn)在，咱們?nèi)⒂^洞穴好嗎？ THE FEAST: 18,000 BC Worried about the preparations for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruit.It was the custom of family groups to separate and then gather again at different sites for reunions as they followed the animal herds across

the grasslands.A wrinkle appeared on her forehead.If only it could be just like last year!At that time she had been so happy when Dahu chose her as the future mother of his children.He was the best toolmaker in the group and it was a great honour for her to be chosen.She remembered the blood pulsing through her veins.She had felt so proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud his choice.If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!Then she wouldn't have been feeling so worried now.Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her.She had no man with his spear to protect her.She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.So the men had brought home the meat for the feast!The smell of cooking meat filled the air surrounding her, and her senses became dizzy with hunger.She could see her mother and the older children preparing the deer and pig meat over the fire.Her aunts were making clothes with animal skins.Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.Lala smiled with relief.It was good to have her family around her.Just then a tall man came up behind her.He had a large, square face, with strongly pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones.Over his

shoulder he carried several fish and some pieces of wood under his arm.Lala smiled and handed some stone scrapers over to Dahu, who smiled and went outside the cave to begin his task.First he looked carefully at the scrapers and then went to a corner of the cave and pulled out some more tools.They were in a pile with other sharp arrowheads and stone axe-heads.He chose one large stone and began to use it like a hammer striking the edge of the scraper that needed sharpening.Now and then Dahu would stop, look at it and try it against his hand before continuing his task.He stopped when he felt the scrapers were sharp enough to cut up the meat and scrape the fish.As he passed them to Lala, the first of the guests from the neighbouring caves began to arrive for dinner.Lala's spirits rose.Yes, it was going to be just as wonderful as last year!She smiled to herself gaily and went out of the cave to welcome her friends and neighbours.

第三篇：高中英語選修7課文翻譯

第一單元籃球

邁克爾 喬丹——籃壇超人

20世紀90年代，邁克爾 喬丹可能是獅山最著名的運動員，他是NBA的頂尖邱yuan1984nean到1993年間效力于芝加哥公牛隊，他曾5次榮膺最有價值的球員的稱號。身著著名的23號球衣，邁克爾 喬丹成為籃球運動史上最成功的球員。

喬丹出生于紐約，在北卡羅來納州長打在加入芝加哥公牛隊之前，他在北卡羅來納大學習了一年。在第一賽季（1984-1985），他就以平均每場28.2分的成績成為聯(lián)盟得分最高的球員之一。

1987年，喬丹成為在一個笑傲江湖重點額分超過3000分的第二個球員。以后連續(xù)七個賽季（1987-1993），他都是NBA的得分王。這期間，他每場比賽的平均分都超過30分。有了他的參與，公牛隊在1991年首次獲得NBA總冠軍。在這段日子里，捷報頻傳，他們在1992年和1993年偶蟬聯(lián)了總冠軍。馳奧迪也是人稱“夢之隊”的美國奧林匹克籃球隊的成員。這支球隊在1992年西班牙巴塞羅那奧運會上奪去了金牌。

1993-1994賽季前喬丹退役，舉世震驚。但后來他有回到了芝加哥公牛隊，并和隊友們一起在1996年到1998年間有獲得了三次冠軍。2003年40歲的馳奧迪在最終退出體壇前，還曾效力于華盛頓奇才隊。數(shù)百萬的球迷們都很欽佩喬丹的運動才能，動力和信心。他們可以講述很多管用邁克爾 喬丹的傳奇故事，例如一次他在比賽的關(guān)鍵時刻拯救了公牛隊，從而避免達成平局。他走向罰球線發(fā)了兩次球，每次他都把球直接投進了籃球——每次都是閉著眼睛投進去的。

離開籃壇，邁克爾 喬丹開了一家自己的牛排館，因為他很愛吃牛排。在和著名卡通人物賓尼兔一起演出的影片《空中大灌籃》中，他也獲得了成功！

對于這位世界上最優(yōu)秀的球員，只有一個詞能用來形容他——令人敬佩。

高蹺威爾特——神力之巔

邁克爾 喬丹是一個賽季中得分超過３０００分的第二人，第一人是威爾特 張伯倫。張伯倫于１９３６年８月２１日出生于費城。他是家里１１個孩子中唯一一個長得很高的。父親威廉在造船廠干活，母親奧利維亞是一名清潔工。孩童時的張伯倫有各種各樣的健康問題。他１０歲時得過肺炎，差點兒死去。

張伯倫是整個賽季中平均每場得分超過５０分的唯一一個ＮＢＡ球員。曾幾何時，張伯倫比起他所有運動員都優(yōu)秀得多，以至于他們改變了比賽規(guī)則來試圖限制他！

１９５９－１９６０賽季間，這位籃壇巨人加盟NBA費城勇士隊并立即獲得成公在為四支不同球隊效力的14個賽季期間，張伯倫四次被評聯(lián)盟最有價值的球員。1962年3月2日，他單場比賽得了100分——迄今為止還沒有人打破那一記錄！最后的比分是勇士169對紐約尼克斯147！

在加盟洛杉磯湖人隊度過五個美好的賽季后，威爾特結(jié)束了他職業(yè)生涯。一直到退役，威爾特還保持著多項NBA記錄：118次單場比賽得50分或50分以上，32次得60分或60分以上。

威爾特 張伯倫比邁克爾 喬丹還要優(yōu)秀嗎？誰知道呢？但是毫無疑問，他無愧于“一代杰出球員”這一稱號。

學?；@球令人眩暈的高度

籃球是在安全的體育運動之一。不想摔跤和拳擊，通常它是沒有危險的。原因之一是球員的力量部分是向上的，與地面形成90度的角，而且在其他人的頭上方。所以兩個球員之間碰撞的風險是很小的。

在其他的運動中，比如棒球和美式足球，球員的力量運行方向與地面是平行的，并且朝著他們的對手，所以他們帶著頭盔來給他們的頭部以充分的保護。

第四篇：高中英語選修6課文逐句翻譯(人教新課標)

1.選修六Unit1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING 西方繪畫藝術(shù)簡史

Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.藝術(shù)是受著人民生活習俗和信仰的影響的。Styles in Western art have changed many times.西方的藝術(shù)風格經(jīng)歷了多次變革。As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text.由于西方的藝術(shù)風格多種多樣，在短短的一篇課文里不可能進行全面的描述。Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD.因此,本文只談及從公元6世紀以來最主要的幾種藝術(shù)風格。

The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD)中世紀(公元5世紀到15世紀)

During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.在中世紀,畫家的主要任務是把宗教的主題表現(xiàn)出來。A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were.一個傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)家無意于如實地展現(xiàn)自然和人物。A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God.那個時期的典型的繪畫充滿了宗教的(象)特征,體現(xiàn)出了對上帝的愛戴與敬重。But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.但是,很顯然到了13世紀時,觀念發(fā)生變化,像喬托這樣的畫家開始以一種比較現(xiàn)實的風格來畫宗教場景。The Renaissance(15th to 16th century)文藝復興時期(15世紀到16世紀)

During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages.在文藝復興時期,新的思想和價值觀逐漸取代了中世紀的思想和價值觀。People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.人們開始較少關(guān)注宗教主題而采取一種更人性化的生活態(tài)度。At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art.同時畫家們回到了羅馬、希臘的古典藝術(shù)理念上。They tried to paint people and nature as they really were.他們力爭如實地畫出人物和自然。Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses.富人們想擁有自己的藝術(shù)品并用來裝飾自己的高級宮殿和豪宅They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements.,他們出價聘請著名藝術(shù)家來為自己畫像,畫自己的房屋和其他財物,以及他們的活動和成就。

One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective.在此期間,最重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一就是如何用透視法來畫出事物。This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428.這一手法是1428年由馬賽其奧第一次使用的。When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.當人們第一次看到他的畫時,還以為是透過墻上的小洞來觀看真實的場景,并對此深信不疑。If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.如沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)透視法,人們就不可能畫出如此逼真的畫。By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.巧合的是這一時期油畫顏料也得到了發(fā)展,它使得繪畫的色彩看上去更豐富、更深沉。Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.沒有新的顏料和新的(繪畫)手法,我們就不能看到很多使這一時代著名的杰作。Impressionism(late 19th to early 20th century)印象派時期(19世紀后期到20世紀初期)

In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.19世紀后期,歐洲發(fā)生了巨大的變化,從以農(nóng)業(yè)為主的社會變成了以工業(yè)為主的社會。Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities.許多人從農(nóng)村遷入到新城市。There were many new inventions and social changes.有著許多新發(fā)明,還有許多社會變革。Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles.這些變革也自然而然地促成了新的繪畫風格。Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.在那些突破傳統(tǒng)畫法的畫家中有生活和工作在法國巴黎的印象派畫家。

The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors.印象派畫家是第一批室外寫景的畫家。They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day.他們急切地想把一天中不同時間投射到物體上的光線和陰影呈現(xiàn)出來。However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly.然而由于自然光的變化很快,印象派畫家們必須很快地作畫,Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters.因此,他們的畫就不像以前那些畫家們的畫那樣細致了。At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it.起初,許多人都不喜歡這種畫法,甚至還怒不可遏。They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.他們說這些畫家作畫時漫不經(jīng)心、粗枝大葉,而他們的作品更是荒謬可笑。Modern Art(20th century to today)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)(20世紀至今)

At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”.在印象派作品的創(chuàng)建初期,它們是存在著爭議的,但是如今己被人們接受而成為現(xiàn)在我們所說的“現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”的始祖了。This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways.這是因為印象派鼓勵畫家用一種嶄新的視角看待他們的環(huán)境。There are scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist.如今,現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)風格有好幾十種,然而如果沒有印象派,那么這許多不同的風格就不可能存在。On the one hand, some modern art is abstract;that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them.一方面,有些現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)是抽象的,也就是說,畫家并不打算把我們眼睛看到的東西如實地畫出來,而是集中展現(xiàn)物體的某些品質(zhì)特性,用色彩、線條和形狀把它們呈現(xiàn)出來。On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.而另一方面,有些現(xiàn)代派的藝術(shù)作品卻是那么寫實,看上去就像是照片。These styles are so different.這些風格如此不同。Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future?誰能預言將來會有什么樣的繪畫藝術(shù)風格?

2.選修六Unit 1 THE BEST OF MANHATTAN’S ART GALLERIES曼哈頓藝術(shù)畫廊薈萃 The Frick Collection(5th Avenue and E.70th Street)弗里克收藏館(第5大道和第70街大道之間)

Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in New York.在紐約,比起其他藝術(shù)館許多藝術(shù)愛好者都更樂意參觀這家小型藝術(shù)陳列館。Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people.亨利·克萊·弗里克是紐約的一位富豪,于1919年去世,把他的房子、家具和藝術(shù)收藏品全部留給了美國人民。Frick had a preference for pre-twentieth century Western paintings, and these are well-represented in this excellent collection.弗里克對20世紀以前的西方繪畫有偏愛,而在這個陳列館的珍藏品里這些繪畫得以很好展出。You can also explore Frick's beautiful home and garden which are well worth a Visit.你還可以好好考察一下弗里克美麗的故居和花園,它們是很值得一看的。Guggenheim Museum(5th Avenue and 88th Street)古根海姆博物館(第5大道和第88街交匯處)

This museum owns 5,000 superb modern paintings, sculptures and drawings.這家博物館擁有5000幅非常好的現(xiàn)代油畫、雕塑和素描。These art works are not all displayed at the same time.The exhibition is always changing.這些藝術(shù)品并不是同時展出的,展品總是在不斷地更換。It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings.展覽將吸引印象派和后印象派作品的愛好者。The Guggenheim Museum building is also world-famous.古根海姆博物館的大樓也是世界聞名的。When you walk into gallery, you feel as if you were inside a fragile, white seashell.當你走進畫廊的時候,你會覺得你進入了一個易碎的白色貝殼之中。The best way to see the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to the bottom.看畫展最好是從頂層看起,一直往下看到底層。There are no stairs just a circular path.The museum also has an excellent restaurant.展廳里沒有樓梯,只有一條環(huán)形的小道。博物館里還有一家極好的餐館。

Metropolitan Museum of Art(5th Avenue and 82nd Street)大都會藝術(shù)博物館(第5大道與第82街交匯處)

The reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection.這家博物館以收藏藝術(shù)品種類繁多而享有盛名。This covers more than 5,000 years of civilization from many parts of the world, including America, Europe, China, Egypt, other African countries and South America.它的藝術(shù)品收藏涵蓋了5000多年來世界上眾多國家的文明史,其中包括美洲、歐洲、中國、埃及、其他非洲國家和南美洲。The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art.It introduces you to ancient ways of living.這家博物館展出的不只是可以看得見的藝術(shù)之美,它還向你介紹了古代的生活方式。You can visit an Egyptian temple, a fragrant Ming garden, a typical room in an 18th century French house and many other special exhibitions.你可以看到埃及的寺廟,馥郁的明朝花園,18世紀法國住宅中的典型房間,以及許多其他特殊展品。Museum of Modern Art(53rd Street, between 5th and 6th Avenues)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)博物館(第53街,位于第5和第6大道之間)

It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum.令人驚奇的是,在同一家博物館里竟能容納下19世紀后期到21世紀的如此眾多的名家巨作。The collection of Western art includes paintings by such famous artists as Monet, Van Gogh, Picasso and Matisse.西方藝術(shù)的收藏包括有莫奈、凡高、畢加索和馬蒂斯等著名藝術(shù)家的作品。A few words of warning: the admission price is not cheap and the museum is often very crowded.有幾句話需要提醒你注意:博物館票價不菲,而且常常十分擁擠。

Whitney Museum of American Art(945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street)惠特尼美國藝術(shù)博物館(麥迪遜大道945號,靠近第75街)

The Whitney holds an excellent collection of contemporary American painting and sculpture.惠特尼博物館藏有極好的當代美國繪畫和雕塑品。There are no permanent displays in this museum and exhibitions change all the time.館內(nèi)沒有永久性的展出,展品都是隨時更換的。Every two years, the Whitney holds a special exhibition of new art by living artists.惠特尼博物館每兩年有一次特殊的展覽,展品是仍然在世的藝術(shù)家們的新作。The museum also shows videos and films by contemporary video artists.這家博物館還展出當代影視藝術(shù)家的錄像和電影作品。

3.選修六Unit 2 A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS 簡體英文詩

There are various reasons why people write poetry.人們寫詩有著各種各樣的理由。Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression.有些詩是為了敘事，或者說是描述某件事并給讀者以強烈的印象。Others try to convey certain emotions.而有些詩則是為了傳達某種感情。Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves.詩人用許多不同風格的詩來表達自己的情感。In this text, however, we will look at a few of the simpler forms.本文只談了幾種格式比較簡單的詩。

Some of the first poetry a young child learns in English is nursery rhymes.孩子們最早學習的英文詩是童謠。These rhymes like the one on the right(A)are still a common type of children's poetry.像右邊的這首童謠（A）至今仍然是常見的。The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition.童謠的語言具體但富有想象力，這使得小孩子們快樂，因為它們押韻，節(jié)奏感強，并較多重復。The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite.童謠不一定有什么意義，甚至有的看來自相矛盾，但是它們?nèi)菀讓W，也容易背誦。By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.通過童謠中的文字游戲，孩子們學習了語言。（A）

Hush, little baby, don't say a word,小寶寶，別說話，Papa's going to buy you a mockingbird.爸爸給你買個小嘲鳥。If that mockingbird won't sing,小嘲鳥，不會唱，Papa's going to buy you a diamond ring.爸爸給你買個鉆石戒。If that diamond ring turns to brass,鉆石戒，變成銅，Papa's going to buy you a looking-glass.爸爸給你買個小鏡子。If that looking-glass gets broke,小鏡子，打破了，Papa's going to buy you a billy-goat.爸爸給你買個小山羊。If that billy-goat runs away,小山羊，跑掉了。

Papa's going to buy you another today.爸爸今天再去給你買一只。

One of the simplest kinds of poems are those like B and C that list things.像（B）和（C）這樣的列舉事物的清單詩是詩歌中最簡單的一種。List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.清單詩可長可短，可以重復一些短語，較為靈活。形成固定句型和詩的節(jié)奏。Some rhyme(like B)while others do not(like C).有些清單詩有韻腳（如B）,但有一些沒有（如C）。（B）

I saw a fish-pond all on fire我看到魚塘在燃燒 I saw a fish-pond all on fire,我看到魚塘在燃燒，I saw a house bow to a squire,我看到房子向地主哈腰，I saw a person twelve-feet high,我看到人高一丈八，I saw a cottage in the sky,我看到茅屋在天郊。I saw a balloon made of lead,我看到氣球用鉛做，I saw a coffin drop down dead,我看到棺材把死人拋。I saw two sparrows run a race,我看到兩只麻雀在賽跑，I saw two horses making lace,我看到兩匹馬兒繡花包。I saw a girl just like a cat,我看到姑娘像只貓，I saw a kitten wear a hat,我看到小貓帶花帽。I saw a man who saw these too,我看到有人在一旁瞄，And said though strange they all were true.雖奇怪，但也把實情報。（C）

Our first football match我們的第一場球賽 We would have won...我們本來會得冠軍…… if Jack had scored that goal,如果杰克踢進了那個球，if we'd had just a few more minutes,如果我們還有幾分鐘，if we had trained harder,如果我們訓練的更嚴格，if Ben had passed the ball to Joe,如果本把球傳給了喬，if we'd had thousands of fans screaming,如果有大批球迷助威，if I hadn't taken my eye off the ball,如果我死死盯住球，if we hadn't stayed up so late the night before,如果我們頭晚不熬夜，if we hadn't taken it easy,如果我們沒有放松警惕，if we hadn't run out of energy.如果我們沒有精疲力竭，We would have won...我們本來是會的冠軍的…… if we'd been better!如果我們能干的更好！

Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines.另外一種學生容易寫的簡體詩是由五行組成的，叫做五行詩。With these, students can convey a strong picture in just a few words.用五行詩，學生可以用少量的詞語傳遞一幅動人的畫面。Look at the examples(D and E)on the top of the next page.請看下一頁上端的D和E兩個例子。（D）Brother兄弟

Beautiful, athletic愛美，又愛運動

Teasing, shouting, laughing愛鬧，愛叫，又愛笑 Friend and enemy too是我的朋友 Mine也是我的敵人（E）Summer夏天

Sleepy, salty困乏，咸澀

Drying, drooping, dreading干涸，枯萎，恐怖 Week in, week out周而復始 Endless永無止境

Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables.俳句詩（Haiku）是一種日本詩，由17個音節(jié)組成。It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers.它不屬于英詩的傳統(tǒng)形式，但是在用英語寫作的人們中間，這種詩也是很流行的。It is easy to write and, like the cinquain , can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using the minimum of words.它容易寫，而且像五行詩一樣，它可以用最少的詞語呈現(xiàn)出一幅清晰的畫面，表達出一種特殊的感情。The two haiku poems(F and G)above are translations from the Japanese.下面兩首俳句詩（右邊的F和G）就是從日文翻譯過來的。（F）

A fallen blossom落下的花朵

Is coming back to the branch.回到了樹枝上。Look, a butterfly!瞧啊，是只蝴蝶！(by Moritake)（作者：Moritake）（G）

Snow having melted,雪兒融化了，The whole village is brimful整個村莊充滿著 Of happy children.歡樂的兒童。(by Issa)（作者：Issa）

Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetryall of which will make life for human beings better." 漢布利實際上是這樣說的： “二氧化碳含量的增加實際上是件好事，它使植物成長更快，莊稼產(chǎn)量更高，還會促進動物的生長——所有這些都能改善人類的生活?！?/p>

Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere.溫室氣體繼續(xù)在大氣層中聚集。Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我們開始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量，在（未來）幾十年或幾個世紀內(nèi)，氣候仍會持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)暖。No one knows the effects of global warming.沒有人知道全球變暖帶來什么樣的影響。Does that mean we should do nothing? 這是不是意味著我們就不必采取任何措施呢？Or, are the risks too great? 還是說，這樣不采取任何措施危險性會很大呢？

8.選修六Unit4 WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING? 關(guān)于全球變暖，我們能干些什么呢？ Dear Earth Care, 親愛的“關(guān)愛地球”組織：

I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.我正代表學校做一項關(guān)于全球變暖的課題研究。Sometimes I feel that individuals can have little effect on such huge environmental problems.有時候我覺得，像這樣一個巨大的環(huán)境問題，個人是起不了什么作用的。However, I still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use energy today.然而我仍然認為人們應該支持改善日常能源的消耗方式。As I'm not sure where to start with my project, 由于我還不清楚我該從哪里著手開始我的研究。I would appreciate any suggestions you may have.我希望能得到你們的建議。Thank you!謝謝！Ouyang Guang歐陽光

Dear Ouyang Guang, 親愛的歐陽光：

There are many people who have a commitment like yours, but they do not believe they have the power to do anything to improve our environment.有許多人承擔你這樣的義務，而他們不相信自己有能力來影響環(huán)境。That is not true.這種想法是不正確的。Together, individuals can make a difference.眾人拾柴火焰高。We do not have to put up with pollution.我們不必去忍受污染。

The growth of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide in the air actually comes as a result of many things we do every day.空氣中的溫室氣體，二氧化碳的增長的確是來自我們許多的日?；顒印ere are a few suggestions on how to reduce it.這兒有幾條關(guān)于減少空氣中二氧化碳含量的建議。They should get you started with your project.這些建議應當能夠促進你的研究。1 We use a lot of energy in our houses.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using itthis includes cars as well as smaller things like fridges and microwaves.4.勸你的父母去買那些節(jié)約能源的產(chǎn)品，包括汽車和像冰箱、微波爐之類的小件物品。5 Plant trees in your garden or your school yard, as they absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh your spirit when you look at them.5.在你的花園或校園里栽種樹木，它們能吸收空氣中的二氧化碳，還能在你觀賞的時候使你感覺清爽。Finally and most importantly, be an educator.Talk with your family and friends about global warming and tell them what you have learned.6.最后，也是最重要的是，做一個教育者。同你的家人和朋友談一談全球變暖的問題，并把你學到的東西告訴他們。Rememberthe volcano.然而，最重要的是，通過我的工作能保護普通百姓免遭火山的威脅——這是世界上最大的自然威力之一。

I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory(HVO)twenty years ago.作為一名火山學家，我被派到夏威夷火山觀測站（HVO）工作。My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii.我的任務是收集有關(guān)基拉韋厄火山的數(shù)據(jù)資料，這是夏威夷最活躍的火山之一。Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.收集和評估了這些信息之后，我就幫助其他科學家一起預測下次火山熔巖將往何處流去，流速多少。Our work has saved many lives because people in the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses.我們的工作拯救了許多人的生命，因為熔巖要流經(jīng)之地，老百姓都可以得到離開家園的通知。Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the way, and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.遺憾的是，我們不可能把他們的家搬離巖漿流過的地方，因此，許多房屋被熔巖淹沒，或者焚燒殆盡。

When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine.當滾燙的巖石從火山噴發(fā)出來并撞回地面時，它所造成的損失比想象的要小些，This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall.這是因為在巖石下落的基拉韋厄火山頂附近無人居住。The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock.而順著山坡下流的火山熔巖所造成的損失卻大得多，這是因為火山巖漿所流經(jīng)的地方，一切東西都被掩埋在熔巖下面了。However, the eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one.然而火山噴發(fā)本身的確是很壯觀的，我永遠也忘不了我第一次看見火山噴發(fā)時的情景。It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii.那是在我抵達夏威夷后的第二個星期。Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.那天我辛辛苦苦等干了一整天，很早就上床睡覺了。I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window.我在熟睡中突然感到床鋪在搖晃，接著我聽到一陣奇怪的聲音，就好像有列火車在我的窗外行駛一樣。Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn't take much notice.因為我在夏威夷曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過多次地震，所以對這種聲音我并不在意。I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.我剛要再睡，突然我的臥室亮如白晝。I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance.我趕緊跑出房間，來到后花園，在那兒我能遠遠地看見基拉韋厄火山。There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air.在山的一邊有火山噴發(fā)，紅色發(fā)燙的巖漿像噴泉一樣，朝天上噴射達幾百米高。It was an absolutely fantastic sight.真是絕妙的奇景！

The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it.就在這次火山噴發(fā)的第二天，我有幸做了一次近距離的觀察。Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the crater that had been formed during the eruption.我和另外兩位科學家驅(qū)車上山，到最靠近這次火山噴口的地方才下車。Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer.早先從觀測站出發(fā)時就帶了一些特別的安全服，于是我們穿上安全服再走近火山口。All three of us looked like spacemen.我們?nèi)齻€人看上去就像宇航員一樣，We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves.我們都穿著白色的防護服遮住全身，戴上了頭盔和特別的手套，還穿了一雙大靴子。It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre.穿著這些衣服走起路來實在不容易，但是我們還是緩緩往火山口的邊緣走去，并且向下看到了紅紅的沸騰的中央。The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.另外兩人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，我是第一次經(jīng)歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。

Today, I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started.如今，我和當初從事這項工作時一樣滿懷熱情。Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.雖然我從事火山研究很多年了，但是我對火山的壯麗景色以及它那潛在的巨大破壞力至今仍然感到驚愕不已。

10.選修六Unit5 THE LRKE OF HERVEN天上的湖（天池）

Changbaishan is in Jilin Province, Northeast China.Much of this beautiful, mountainous area is thick forest.長白山在東北的吉林省，這個美麗的山區(qū)大部分是茂密的林區(qū)。Changbaishan is China's largest nature reserve and it is kept in its natural state for the people of China and visitors from all over the world to enjoy.長白山是中國最大的自然保護區(qū)，保持著它的原始狀態(tài)，以供中國人民和世界各地的游客欣賞。The height of the land varies from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.這里地面的高度從海拔700米到2000多米不等，是多種多樣動物植物的生長地。Among the rare animals are cranes, black bears, leopards and tigers.珍稀動物有白鶴、黑熊、豹子和虎。Many people come to Changbaishan to study its unique plants and animals.許多人到長白山來研究珍奇的動植物。Others come to walk in the mountains, to see the spectacular waterfalls or to bathe in the hot water pools.另外一些人則是到山里來走一走，看看那些蔚為壯觀的瀑布，或者在溫水池里泡個澡。However, the attraction that arouses the greatest appreciation in the reserve is Tianchi or the Lake of Heaven.然而保護區(qū)里最令人欣賞的地方則是天池，或者說是天上的湖。

Tianchi is a deep lake that has formed in the crater of a dead volcano on top of the mountain.天池是一個深水湖，是由山頂?shù)囊粋€死火山的火山口形成的。The lake is 2,194 metres above sea level, and more than 200 metres deep.In winter the surface freezes over.海拔高度為2194米，水的深度超過200米，到冬天湖面就全部結(jié)冰了。It takes about an hour to climb from the end of the road to the top of the mountain.從路的盡頭到山頂約需一個小時。When you arrive you are rewarded not only with the sight of its clear waters, but also by the view of the other sixteen mountain peaks that surround Tianchi.你一到達山頂就會得到回報——你不僅可以看到天池那清澈如鏡的湖水，而且還可以看到四周的16座山峰。

There are many stories told about Tianchi.The most well-known concerns three young women from heaven.天池有著許多傳說故事，其中最著名的是關(guān)于從天上下凡的三位少女的故事。They were bathing in Tainchi when a bird flew above them and dropped a small fruit onto the dress of the youngest girl.她們在天池洗澡時，突然有一只鳥飛到她們的上方，把一個小小的水果扔在最年輕的姑娘的衣服上。When she picked up the fruit to smell it, it flew into her mouth.當她拿起來聞的時候，它飛進了她的嘴里。Having swallowed the fruit, the girl became pregnant and later gave birth to a handsome boy.姑娘吞食了這個果子，后來就懷孕了。過了一段時間，她生下了一個漂亮的男孩。It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.據(jù)說這個男孩就是滿族人的祖先，具有語言天賦和很強的說服力。

If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one, don't forget to drop a coin into the clear blue water to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.如果你有幸同你所愛的人去游天池，別忘了投一枚硬幣到清澈碧藍的水中，以確保你們的愛情像湖水一樣深厚、持久。

第五篇：高中英語人教版選修8翻譯課文翻譯

英語 選修8 翻譯

Unit1 一個多元文化的國家

加利福尼亞是美國的第三大州，而且是人口最多的州。加州與眾不同之處在于它也是美國最具多元文化的一個州，它吸引了來自世界各地的人們。這些移民的風俗習慣以及語言在他們的新家都得以延續(xù)。當你了解了加利福尼亞的歷史后，你就不會對此感到驚訝了。

美洲土著人

最早的一批人具體是在什么時候來到我們現(xiàn)在所知道的加利福尼亞地區(qū)的，誰也說不清楚。然而，很可能至少在15 ,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亞了?？茖W家們認為，這些遷居者通過一條史前時代曾經(jīng)存在的大陸橋穿越北極地區(qū)的白令海峽到達美洲。歐洲人在16世紀來到這兒后，土著人遭受了極大的苦難，成千上萬的人被殺害或被迫成為奴隸。此外，歐洲人帶來了疾病，使許多人染病而死，不過，還是有一些人在經(jīng)歷了這些恐怖時期后活下來了。今天住在加利福尼亞的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。

西班牙人

在18世紀的時候，加利福尼亞是由西班牙統(tǒng)治的西班牙士兵最早是在1 6世紀初期來到南美洲的，他們同土著人打仗，并奪去了他們的土地。兩個世紀以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地區(qū)定居下來，而且還在我們現(xiàn)在稱之為美國的西北沿海地區(qū)住下來。在首批移 居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責是向原住民傳授天主教。1821年，墨西哥人從西班牙獲得了獨立-加利福尼亞于是成了墨西哥的一部分。1846年美國向墨西哥宣戰(zhàn)，美國贏得戰(zhàn)爭勝利后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亞割讓給美國。但是，這個州至今仍然保留著很強的西班牙的影響。這就是為什么今天還有40%的加利福尼亞人仍然把西班牙語作為第一或第二語言的緣故。

俄羅斯人

19世紀初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄羅斯獵人開始在加利福尼亞定居下來。今天，住在圣弗朗西斯科（舊金山）及其周邊地區(qū)的美籍俄羅斯人約有25,000人。

淘金礦工

1848年，在美國同墨西哥開戰(zhàn)之后不久，在加利福尼亞發(fā)現(xiàn)了金礦。發(fā)財夢很快就吸引了世界各地的人。距離最近因而來得最早的是南美洲人和美國人。隨后跟著來的有歐洲和亞洲的探險家。事實上很少有人圓了發(fā)財夢。一些人死了或回家了，但是盡管條件十分艱苦，多數(shù)人還是留在了加利福尼亞勞作謀生，并在新的城鎮(zhèn)或農(nóng)場里定居下來。到1850年加利福尼亞成為美國第31個州的時候，它已經(jīng)是一個有著多種文化的社會了。

后來的移民

雖然中國移民在淘金熱時期就開始到來了，但是更大批量的移民卻是在1 9世紀60年代為了修建貫穿美國東西海岸的鐵路而來的。今天，加利福尼亞州各地都有美籍華人，盡管有很大比例的華人還是選擇住在洛杉磯和圣弗朗西斯科（舊金山）的“中國城”里。

19世紀后期，其他國家的移民，比如意大利人來到了加利福尼亞，他們主要是漁民，也有制酒工人。1911年，丹麥的移民建立了自己的城鎮(zhèn)，至今仍然保留著丹麥文化。20世紀20年代，電影業(yè)在加州的好萊塢建立了起來。這個行業(yè)吸引了大量的歐洲人，包括許多猶太人。今天，加利福尼亞的猶太人口在美國占第二位。

日本農(nóng)民是在20世紀初期開始到加利福尼亞來的，而從20世紀80年代以來就有更多的日本人在加利福尼亞定居了。非洲人從1 9世紀就在加利福尼亞住下來，他們是從墨西哥向北遷來的。然而，更多的非洲人是在1942年至1945年期間來到加利福尼亞的，當時他們是到船廠和飛機廠工作。

最近期的移民

在最近的幾十年里，加利福尼亞成了更多的亞洲人的家，包括朝鮮人、柬埔寨人、越南人和老撾人。從20世紀70年代以來，計算機工業(yè)吸引了印度人和巴基斯坦人來到加州。

未來展望

世界各地的人，由于受到氣候條件和生活方式的吸引，仍然在繼續(xù)遷入加利福尼亞。人們認為，要不了多久，多種國籍的混合將會非常之大，以致不可能存在一種主要的種 族或文化群體，而是多種族、多文化的混合體。

Unit2 克隆：它將把我們引向何方？

克隆一直與我們同在，而如今它還要持續(xù)下去。這是一種用來生產(chǎn)與原型完全相同的動植物的方法。當園藝師從生長著的植物上剪下枝條來培植新植物時，就會產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象。這種現(xiàn)象也發(fā)生在動物身上，從同一個原生卵子產(chǎn)生性別和相貌相同的雙胞胎也是克隆。實際上，這些都是自然克隆現(xiàn)象。

克隆技術(shù)有兩大用途。第一，園藝師一直用它生產(chǎn)大量的供商用的植物；第二，它在對新植物物種的研究以及對動物的醫(yī)學研究方面都是很有價值的。克隆植物簡單，但克隆動物就比較復雜了，是一項很難完成的任務。克隆哺乳動物的多次嘗試都失敗了。但是，科學家的決心和耐心最終得到了回報，這就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的誕生。它的程序如下圖所示：

1．母羊(A)提供一個卵細胞。2．在卵細胞中取出細胞核。

3．卵細胞準備接受新的細胞核。

4．母羊(B)提供一個供克隆的軀干細胞。該細胞核應包含生產(chǎn)一頭新羊所需要的全部基因。5．取出該細胞的細胞核。

6．用電把母羊(B)的軀干細胞核和母羊(A)的卵細胞結(jié)合起來。7．細胞分裂并生長成胚胎。

8．把胚胎植入另外一頭母羊(C)體內(nèi)，母羊(C)就是克隆羊的代孕者。

9．這頭小羔羊就是母羊(B)所提，供的細胞核克隆而成的。

一方面，整個科學界都在關(guān)注著首例成功的克隆動物多莉羊的成長¨多莉看來是在正常地成長著，這很令人鼓舞。接著傳來了多莉病重的壞消息。研究克隆的科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉得的病更容易發(fā)生在年老的羊身上．這讓他們很沮喪。多莉總共只存活了六年半，這是它的原型羊壽命的一半?？杀氖?，同樣無法控制的命運也在影響著其他物種，如克隆鼠。科學家的腦海里產(chǎn)生的問題是：“這是不是所有克隆動物的一個主要困難呢？這種現(xiàn)象會不會永遠發(fā)生？如果改進程序，問題會不會解決？

另一方面，多莉的出生引起了一陣強烈的反對，對，對媒體和公眾的想象力也產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。它引起了爭議，因為它突然打開了人們的眼界，看到了有可能：用克隆技術(shù)來治療重病，甚至克隆出人類。

盡管目前供克隆研究的人體卵細胞和胚胎還很難得到，但報紙報道說，有些邪惡頭目希望把自己克隆出來以實現(xiàn)他的野心。宗教領袖也提出了道德方面的問題。各國政府惶恐不安而且更加謹慎，有些政府開始改革司法制度，明令禁止進行克隆人類的研究。但是其他國家如中國和英國，則還在繼續(xù)收集克隆技術(shù)有可能提供豐富有的醫(yī)療救助的證據(jù)。然而，科學察們?nèi)詫寺〖夹g(shù)有助于人類還是有害于人類，以及克隆技術(shù)將把我們引向何處困惑。

Unit3 蛇的困擾

我給住在鄉(xiāng)下的母親打電話的時候，她感到很心煩。“我們院子里有幾條蛇，”她告訴我說，“蛇時不時地爬到屋子旁邊來，似乎是在屋子附近離胡桃樹不遠的地方安家了。你能不能把它們趕走？”我感到很自豪。這回我有機會來表現(xiàn)一下自己了。我要發(fā)明某種仁慈的東西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不會傷害它們。我知道我的父母是不會讓我傷害這些生物的。

我所做的第一件事就是看看有沒有現(xiàn)成的任何產(chǎn)品能幫助我。但是，看來只有一種毒蛇的藥粉。很明顯，我得找一種新的方法了。于是我就著手研究蛇的習性，以便能用最容易的方法來捉住他們。好在這些爬行動物都很小，問題比較容易解決。

經(jīng)過一番研究準備之后，我決定采用三種可能的方法：第一，鏟除蛇的棲息地；第二，用男人或女人的香水或食物把它們引進陷阱；第三，降低它們的體溫，使它們困乏，這樣就很容易把它們捉住。我決定采用最后一種方法。我買了一個制冰淇淋的不銹鋼碗。在碗的內(nèi)壁和外壁都抹上果凍，這些果凍冷卻后會凍結(jié)。我把這個碗放進冰箱，冷凍了24個小時。與此同時，我還準備了一些冰塊兒。

第二次試驗我用的還是凍結(jié)的碗和冰塊兒，但是這次我是在夜晚氣溫開始變涼的時候把它們放在蛇窩的上方，然后像以前那樣用桶把碗罩住，通宵放在那兒。第二天一早我就去看結(jié)果。這一次我小心翼翼地蹲下去檢查的時候，發(fā)現(xiàn)蛇都是睡意濃濃的。但是一把它們提起來，它們就要咬我。因為它們都是毒蛇，所以很顯然我還得改進我的捕蛇方案。

第三次試驗重復了上一次的程序，不過第二天早晨我的手里拿了一個捕魚用的小網(wǎng)。這是因為我預料蛇還全再咬人。但是經(jīng)過仔細監(jiān)視，證明這些蛇是制造不了麻煩的，一切都按計劃進行著。我把這些溫順的蛇收集起來，第二天就愉快地把他們?nèi)坚尫诺揭巴馊チ恕?/p>

由于朋友和親戚的敦促，我決定把我這次的發(fā)明運到專利局去，請他們對我這次成功的思路給予認可。只有你得到這種承認，你才可以說你是一個真正的發(fā)明者二（評定）專利標準非常嚴格，除非新的想法真是新穎的，否則很難被接受。此外，你的想法如果屬于下列情況，那么你也不可能得到專利：

·一種發(fā)現(xiàn)·一種科學理論或數(shù)學模式·文學或藝術(shù)·一場游戲或一筆交易·一個電腦程序 ·一種新的動植物物種

你的產(chǎn)品要經(jīng)過仔細調(diào)查，證明它確實是與眾不同的，你才能獲得專利。專利局還有一大批審查人員，他們的唯一職責就是審查你的專利申請是否有效。如果通過了所有這些審查，你申請的專利就會在你提出申請的18個月之后公布出來。于是，我填了表，向?qū)＠痔峤涣松暾垥，F(xiàn)在就是等，待和期盼了。將來你看看我的銀行結(jié)余金額就會知道我是否成功了祝我好運吧。

Unit4 皮格馬利翁

主要人物： 伊菜扎·杜利特爾（伊）：窮苦的賣花姑娘，立志要改善自己的生活

希金斯教授（希）：語音學專家，堅信一個人的英語水平?jīng)Q定這個人的社會地位 皮克林上校（皮）：陸軍軍官，后來成了希金斯教授的朋友，并給他安排了一項任務 第一幕

決定性的會面

1914年的某日晚上11點15分，在英國倫敦某劇場夕。正下著傾盆大雨，四處響著出租車的鳴笛聲。有一位男士在躲雨，邊聽人們談話邊觀察著人們的反應。他一邊觀察，一邊作記錄。附近一個穿著黑色衣裙圍著羊毛圍巾的賣花姑娘也在躲雨。這時有位先生（先）從這兒路過，他遲疑了片刻。

伊：長官，過這邊來呀，買我這個苦命的孩子一束花吧！先：對不起，我沒有零錢，伊：長官，我可以給你找零錢呀。先：（驚奇地）一個英鎊你找得開嗎？沒有再小的錢了。伊：（帶有希望的神色）??！好啦，從我這買一束吧。拿這一束，只要三個便士o（舉起一些已經(jīng)枯萎的花）

先：（不舒服地）現(xiàn)在別煩我，好姑娘。（在他的口袋里找什么，這時語氣好些了）等一等，這兒有幾個零錢。這點錢對你有用嗎？雨下大了，不是嗎？（說完就走了）

伊：（對先生付的錢表現(xiàn)出失望的樣子，但是有總比沒有好）先生，謝謝了。（看到有人在記什么，感到擔心）嗨，我跟那位先生講話，又沒做錯什么事。我有權(quán)賣花吧，我有權(quán)嘛！我不是小偷，我是個老實姑娘，老老實實的?。ㄩ_始哭起來）

希：（友善地）好啦，好啦！誰傷害你了，傻姑娘？你把我當成什么人了？（遞給她一條手帕）

伊：我還以為你是一個便衣警察呢。希：我像警察嗎？

伊：（仍在擔心）那你為啥要把我說的話記下來呢？我怎么知道你是不是寫對了呢？那你把你寫的關(guān)于我的東西給我看看。

希：你看吧?。ò褜憹M字的紙遞給她）

伊：這是什么呀？不像規(guī)規(guī)矩矩的字，我看不懂。（把紙退回給他）希：我懂。（模仿伊的聲音讀）長官，過這邊來呀，買我這個苦命孩子一束花吧！（改用自己的聲音）好了吧，你呀，如果我沒有弄錯的話，你出生在里森格羅佛： 伊：（困惑不解的）如果我是又怎樣呢？跟你有什么關(guān)系呢？

皮：（本來是一直望著這個姑娘的，這時跟希金斯說話了）太棒了！請問你是怎么知道的呢？ 希：對人的發(fā)音進行研究、分類，如此而已。這是我的專業(yè)，也是我的業(yè)余愛好。你可以根據(jù)幾句話判定是哪個地方的人。我可以根據(jù)任何談話來判定他們是哪個地方的人，差距不過六英里，有時候在倫敦甚至不超過兩個街區(qū)呢。

皮：恭喜你了！不過，你這樣做有收入嗎？

希：當然有哆，還挺高呢。這是個致富的年代

人們從倫敦的窮人區(qū)開始工作，年收入才80英鎊，最后到了富人區(qū)工作，年收入就是10萬英鎊了，但是他們一張嘴就會露出馬腳（暴露自己的身份）。如今如果讓我一教，她就會變成一個上層階級的淑女…… 皮：是嗎？那太妙了！

希：（粗魯?shù)兀┠闱七@個姑娘，英語說得那樣糟糕，使她注定要在貧民窟里待上一輩子。不過，先生，（高傲地）要是一旦有人教她把英語說好了，她就可以在三個月以內(nèi)冒充公爵夫人出席大使主辦的花園晚會了。說不定我還可 以給她找份工作，當一名貴夫人的侍女或商店的店員。這些工作都要求英語說得好呢。

伊：你說啥來著？店員？這正是我想要做的，真的！希：（不理睬她）你相信我說的話嗎？ 皮：當然相信。我自己就學了好多種印度方言，而且…… 希：真的嗎？那你認不認得皮克林上校呢？

皮：當然認得，皮克林就是我。那么請問您是誰？ 希：我是亨利·希金斯。我還打算要去印度見你呢： 皮：我也正是到英國來找你的！

伊：我呢？你們怎么幫助我呢？ 希：啊，拿去吧！（漫不經(jīng)心地朝她的籃子里扔去一把錢）好老兄，我們該美美地慶祝一番了。（一道離去）伊：（驚奇地看著收集起來的錢）啊，我還從來沒有見過！整整一個英鎊呢！一筆財富呀！這的確給我?guī)痛竺α耍娴?。明天我一定去找你，亨利·希金斯。等著瞧吧！你那口（模仿他的聲音）“真正的英語”……（用自己的聲音）我倒要看看你能不能幫我找到……（離去）

Unit5 周口店洞穴參觀記

一群英國學生（學）來到周口店洞穴參觀。有一位考古學家（考）正領著他們參觀?？迹簹g迎到中國來參觀周口店洞穴。很高興見到你們這些從英國來的對考古學感興趣的學生。你們想必都很清楚，正是在這個地方，我們找到了世界上居住在這個地方最早人類的證據(jù)。我們在這兒進行的挖掘工作已經(jīng)很多年了，而且…… 學1：

對不起，打斷一下你的講話，請問他們是怎么住在這個地方的呢？這兒只有石頭和樹木?？迹簡柕煤谩Ｄ闶莻€敏銳的觀察者，在高山上的那些洞穴里我們找到了人骨和獸骨，還有工具和其他物品因此，我們有理由認為他們不顧嚴寒，就住在這些洞穴里。

學2：那他們是怎樣取暖的呢？他們不可能像我們現(xiàn)在這樣有墊子、毯子和被子。想必是很不舒服的了。

考：我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在洞穴中央有生火用的地爐。他們用地爐里的火來取暖、做飯，還可以用火來嚇跑野獸。我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰，幾乎有六米厚，這意味著他們可能整個冬天都在燒火。我們還沒有找到門，但我們認為在天寒地凍的冬季他們可能是用獸皮掛在洞口來防寒的。

學3：在那以前有些什么野獸嗎？考：嗯，我們在洞里發(fā)現(xiàn)了老虎和熊的骨頭。我們認為這些野獸對他們來講是最危險的敵人了。現(xiàn)在，你們看這個東西能告訴我們有關(guān)早期人類生活的什么情況呢？（指著一張有針線的照片讓大家看）

學2：哎呀，那是一根針！天哪，難道他們還會修補東西嗎？ 考：除此之外，你認為還可能派別的什么用場嗎？

學4：讓我看看。這個東西最多三厘米長，看起來像是用骨頭做的。我不知道他們是怎樣做成針眼的……

學2：（插話）你是不是說他們自己做衣服穿？他們又是從哪里得到衣料的呢？ 考：他們沒有像我們今天穿的這種衣料。你能猜出他們用的是什么嗎？

學1：哇，他們穿的衣服全都是用獸皮做的嗎？他們那些衣服是怎樣做成的？我確信它們裁剪并縫起來又厚又重。

考：我們有證據(jù)表明，他們的確穿的是用獸皮制的衣服。我們不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)一些磨削其他工具用的工具。看樣子他們可能是用磨尖的石器來切割野獸并剝皮，再用小一些的刮子把皮上的脂肪和肉去掉。然后，他們可能在獸皮上擦上大量的鹽，使皮變?nèi)彳?。最后進行剪裁，縫起來就成了。確實是既難又臟的活！現(xiàn)在來看看這個吧。（指著一串項鏈）考：你真聰明！有塊骨頭實際上是野獸的牙齒，貝殼是從海邊撿來的。你還認得別的骨頭嗎？ 學1：這根很像魚骨頭，對嗎？

考：很對。植物學的分析結(jié)果明確地告訴我們，這兒四周曾經(jīng)是一個很．大的淺水湖。毫無疑問，當時湖里是有魚的。

學3：不過，湖并不是海呀，我們離海還遠著呢¨眷客，更殼又是怎么來的呢？

考：早期人類之間也許有貿(mào)易來往，或者他們也可能旅行到海邊去。我們知道，他們跟著獸群四處走。他們并不種植谷物，而是在野果熟了的時候采摘它們并捕殺野獸來充饑。這就是他們被稱之為獵人和采摘者的緣故?，F(xiàn)在，咱們?nèi)⒂^洞穴好嗎？