第一篇：省委黨校2007年專業(yè)理論研究生入學(xué)考試

中共山東省委黨校

2007年專業(yè)理論研究生入學(xué)考試

考試科目：政治理論

注意事項(xiàng)：

1、本試卷有4道大題（共15個小題），滿分100分。

2、本試卷屬試題卷，答題另有答題卷。答題一律答在答題卷上，答在該試題卷上或者草稿紙上均無效。要注意試卷整潔，不要亂涂亂劃；不得在答題卷上作任何標(biāo)志。

3、須用藍(lán)、黑鋼筆或圓珠筆答題其他均無效。

一、名詞解釋：（每小題3分，共計(jì)15分）

1、主體

2、資本周轉(zhuǎn)

3、人的自由而全面的發(fā)展

4、“三反”“五反”運(yùn)動

5、鄧小平關(guān)于現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的“三步走”戰(zhàn)略

二、辨析題（先判斷對錯，再說明理由。每小題5分，共計(jì)15分）

1、歷史是由追求著自己目的的人的活動構(gòu)成的，不可能不依人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移。

2、生產(chǎn)商品的勞動的二重性是價值和使用價值。

3、人民民主專政本質(zhì)上就是無產(chǎn)階級專政。

三、簡答題（每小題6分，共計(jì)30分）

1、簡述對立統(tǒng)一規(guī)律在唯物辯證法理論體系中的地位。

2、簡述社會主義國家國民收入分配的原則。

3、簡述社會主義社會的基本特征。

4、簡述改革和完善黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式和執(zhí)政方式的途徑。

5、簡述社會主義的根本任務(wù)。

四、論述題（每小題20分，共計(jì)40分）

1、十六大以來我們黨奉行了“用發(fā)展著的馬克思主義指導(dǎo)新的實(shí)踐”的思想。結(jié)合相關(guān)學(xué)科談?wù)勀銓@個思想的科學(xué)依據(jù)以及現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的理解。

2、根據(jù)唯物辯證法中的矛盾原理論述該如何認(rèn)識與處理社會主義與資本主義的相互關(guān)系。

第二篇：山東省委黨校2018在職研究生入學(xué)考試復(fù)習(xí)題范文

《政治理論》復(fù)習(xí)參考題型

一、概念 1.按勞分配 2.獨(dú)立自主

3.供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革 4.和平共處五項(xiàng)原則 5.基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度 6.民主集中制 7.商品

8.社會主義初級階段

9.社會主義初級階段的基本路線 10.社會主義初級階段主要矛盾 11.生態(tài)文明 12.實(shí)事求是 13.市場機(jī)制三要素 14.物質(zhì) 15.一國兩制

16.戰(zhàn)時共產(chǎn)主義政策 17.政策

18.中國特色社會主義道路的內(nèi)涵 19.五大發(fā)展理念 20.經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式

二、辨析

1.按勞分配是與社會主義生產(chǎn)資料公有制相適應(yīng)的分配方式

2.對立統(tǒng)一規(guī)律是辯證法的實(shí)質(zhì)和核心 3.改革開放前后的歷史不能相互否定 4.改革開放前后兩個歷史時期是根本對立的

5.工人階級已經(jīng)不是建設(shè)中國特色社會主義的主力軍 6.供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革就是放松管制

7.加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)黨的作風(fēng)建設(shè)，核心問題是保持黨同人民群眾的血肉聯(lián)系

8.經(jīng)濟(jì)工作是一切工作的生命線 9.商品交換會產(chǎn)生剩余價值

10.商品生產(chǎn)從產(chǎn)生到資本主義時期，經(jīng)歷了簡單商品生產(chǎn)、資本主義商品生產(chǎn)。

11.社會主義經(jīng)濟(jì)制度的所有制基礎(chǔ)是公有制 12.剩余價值的生產(chǎn)不具有無限性 13.圍繞黨的中心任務(wù)進(jìn)行思想政治工作

14.我國社會主要矛盾的變化，改變了我們對我國社會主義所處歷史階段的判斷。

15.先進(jìn)文化是社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的重要保證 16.一個國家的革命和建設(shè)只能依靠本國人民的力量 17.中國共產(chǎn)黨是中國革命和社會主義事業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心 18.主要矛盾和次要矛盾是固定不變的

19.中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位是由黨的先進(jìn)性決定的 20.思想政治工作是一切工作的生命線

三、簡答

1.辯證唯物主義認(rèn)識論的三個基本結(jié)論 2.帝國主義的經(jīng)濟(jì)特征

3.加強(qiáng)黨的執(zhí)政能力建設(shè)的總體目標(biāo) 4.價值規(guī)律的作用

5.簡述和平共處五項(xiàng)原則的主要內(nèi)容 6.簡述列寧關(guān)于建設(shè)社會主義的理論思考 7.簡述列寧主義的建黨學(xué)說 8.簡述新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的主要內(nèi)容

9.簡述中國特色社會主義理論體系的基本問題 10.建設(shè)中國特色社會主義的總依據(jù) 11.勞動力商品價值的內(nèi)容

12.毛澤東對思想政治工作重要性的闡述 13.毛澤東思想的活的靈魂

14.全面建成小康社會必須遵循的原則和新目標(biāo) 15.全面建成小康社會的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)

16.全面推進(jìn)依法治國必須遵循的基本原則 17.全面推進(jìn)依法治國的總目標(biāo) 18.如何規(guī)范收入分配關(guān)系

19.如何堅(jiān)定中國特色社會主義的道路自信 20.深化政治體制改革的必要性 21.新民主主義革命“新”在何處 22.運(yùn)用唯物辯證法應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的原則 23.資本的特殊性質(zhì)

四、論述

1.“五位一體”總布局的內(nèi)涵和特點(diǎn)

2.全面深化改革的總目標(biāo)、立足點(diǎn)和戰(zhàn)略部署 3.如何提高黨的建設(shè)科學(xué)化水平 4.社會主義的歷史必然性

5.實(shí)現(xiàn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心地位必須堅(jiān)持黨要管黨、從嚴(yán)治黨的方針

6.試述堅(jiān)持和拓寬中國特色社會主義道路必須堅(jiān)持的原則

7.試述新形勢下加強(qiáng)和規(guī)范黨內(nèi)政治生活的基本內(nèi)容 8.試述中國特色社會主義制度的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢

《現(xiàn)代管理學(xué)》復(fù)習(xí)參考題型

一、概念 1.法律監(jiān)督 2.風(fēng)險型決策 3.管理

4.管理的經(jīng)濟(jì)方法 5.管理的系統(tǒng)觀念 6.管理的循環(huán)規(guī)律 7.管理共有規(guī)律 8.管理計(jì)劃 9.管理技巧性規(guī)律 10.管理客體 11.管理派生規(guī)律 12.管理藝術(shù) 13.管理主體 14.廣義的管理決策 15.行政監(jiān)督 16.計(jì)劃的效率性 17.經(jīng)濟(jì)監(jiān)督 18.評價 19.確定型決策

20.現(xiàn)代管理技術(shù) 21.指導(dǎo)性計(jì)劃 22.指令性計(jì)劃

二、辨析

1.按照管理者的位置和層次，可以把管理者分為高層管理者、中層管理者和基層管理者。

2.按照管理者的職責(zé)，可以把管理者分為一般管理者和管理中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。

3.按照管理者所管理的對象，可以把管理者分為行政管理者、經(jīng)濟(jì)管理者、科技管理者、文教衛(wèi)生管理者等。4.把直線制和矩陣制有機(jī)結(jié)合起來是直線職能制組織形式最大的特點(diǎn)。

5.高級管理者需要管理藝術(shù)，而一般管理者不需要管理藝術(shù)。

6.管理的二重性是指管理具有經(jīng)濟(jì)屬性和社會屬性 7.管理的社會屬性是指任何管理都是社會勞動或共同勞動的客觀要求，都要按社會勞動或社會化大生產(chǎn)的客觀規(guī)律辦事。

8.管理的自然屬性是指管理都是在一定的社會制度和國家體制下進(jìn)行的，都會打上一定的社會和階級烙印。9.管理決策需要面對各種復(fù)雜的情況，所以不能設(shè)計(jì)既定的決策程序。10.管理是科學(xué)性和藝術(shù)性的統(tǒng)一

11.激勵的關(guān)鍵是管理者通過采取各種方式去激發(fā)人的內(nèi)在動力

12.獎勵有激勵作用，而懲罰沒有激勵作用 13.決策是管理工作的核心 14.人也是管理客體的組成部分

15.設(shè)立專門的職能部門是直線制組織形式最大的特點(diǎn) 16.審計(jì)監(jiān)督屬于行政監(jiān)督的范疇

17.實(shí)行集中決策、集中經(jīng)營是事業(yè)部制組織形式最大的特點(diǎn)。

18.事業(yè)部制組織形式最大的特點(diǎn)是實(shí)行集中決策、集中經(jīng)營

19.協(xié)調(diào)是管理者對管理活動中的各個要素之間的問題和關(guān)系進(jìn)行的指揮和命令 20.預(yù)測是管理的核心

21.在管理中應(yīng)樹立組織改善環(huán)境的觀念 22.在管理中應(yīng)樹立組織適應(yīng)環(huán)境的觀念 23.在管理中應(yīng)樹立組織重視環(huán)境的觀念

三、簡答

1.按照監(jiān)督主體劃分，監(jiān)督有哪些種類？ 2.管理的權(quán)變觀念 3.管理的人本觀念 4.管理的系統(tǒng)觀念

5.管理的擇優(yōu)觀念主要包括哪些內(nèi)容？ 6.管理的戰(zhàn)略觀念 7.管理決策應(yīng)堅(jiān)持的原則 8.管理客體有哪些特征？ 9.管理信息的特征 10.管理者素質(zhì) 11.管理中的行政方法 12.管理中的控制類型 13.激勵的方式有哪些？ 14.激勵在管理中的作用 15.計(jì)劃編制應(yīng)堅(jiān)持的原則 16.決策的“令人滿意”準(zhǔn)則 17.決策的依據(jù)和條件

18.目標(biāo)管理與傳統(tǒng)計(jì)劃管理的主要區(qū)別 19.權(quán)變觀念在管理中有什么作用？ 20.實(shí)施在管理中的作用

21.制定管理目標(biāo)應(yīng)遵循什么程序？

四、論述

1.聯(lián)系實(shí)際，論述管理擇優(yōu)觀念的主要內(nèi)容？ 2.聯(lián)系實(shí)際，論述管理中的監(jiān)督有哪些功能？ 3.聯(lián)系實(shí)際，論述管理中的決策應(yīng)遵循的程序？ 4.聯(lián)系實(shí)際，論述激勵的方式有哪些？ 5.聯(lián)系實(shí)際，論述如何科學(xué)實(shí)施發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略？ 6.聯(lián)系實(shí)際，論述協(xié)調(diào)的方式方法有哪些？ 7.聯(lián)系實(shí)際，論述在管理中如何運(yùn)用好用人藝術(shù)？ 8.聯(lián)系實(shí)際，論述制定管理目標(biāo)應(yīng)堅(jiān)持什么原則？

第三篇：四川省委黨校2012研究生入學(xué)考試復(fù)習(xí)資料英語

2012年《英語》（光華村）

（僅供參考）

英語復(fù)習(xí)范圍，即考試命題范圍：

英語考試模擬題中的研究生入學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)題

（一）和

（二）-----書上P162—179，兩套題的答案見書P215—216

特別說明（請仔細(xì)閱讀以下內(nèi)容）：

1、考題的第一部分選擇題大約有5個以上是書上原題。

2、考題的第三部分閱讀理解至少有兩篇或兩篇以上出自書上的原題，占20分以上。對于英語底子薄的學(xué)員，判斷閱讀理解題是書上復(fù)習(xí)題

（一）（二）哪幾篇文章的技巧：復(fù)習(xí)題

（一）（二）共8篇閱讀文章，其中7篇文章里都有一個（或幾個）生澀或?qū)Ｓ妹~旁標(biāo)有漢語解釋，比如復(fù)習(xí)題

（一）中單詞randomness(隨意性)P165，僅此可判定考的復(fù)習(xí)題

（一）的第一篇文章，因此對應(yīng)記住這篇文章后面閱讀問題的5個答案即可。為防止考題答案順序顛倒（一般不會），只要記住每個閱讀問題題目的前

一、兩個單詞即萬無一失。

3、考題中的第四部分英譯漢大約有兩個以上是出自書上原題，占6分以上。記憶技巧：在英譯漢的答案中（P215--216），在答案翻譯出來的對應(yīng)的漢文中，把每一題對應(yīng)的英語前幾個單詞寫在那里，然后進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)，就可以簡單地記住考的哪一道題目了。

4、復(fù)習(xí)題中的第二部分完型填空，看一下就可以了，是考英語能力和拉距離的題，一般不會有原題出現(xiàn)。

5、學(xué)員如果蒙猜選擇題答案，一定不能連續(xù)5個題選擇同樣的答案，即不能連續(xù)5個題都選A（或者B或者C或者D）,否則選擇題將記零分。也就是說不可能出現(xiàn)連續(xù)5個答案相同的命題。

6、有學(xué)員質(zhì)疑書上復(fù)習(xí)題的第一部分選擇題給出的備選答案順序排列A、C、B、D是否排序出錯？沒有出錯，是正規(guī)專業(yè)的排版和印刷，請大家按書上排序復(fù)習(xí)，答案也按書上給出的序號選擇，不用質(zhì)疑。

第四篇：2013四川省委黨校研究生入學(xué)考試：公共管理

《公共管理》復(fù)習(xí)題

5、公共管理的主要內(nèi)容P439（5個）（簡答）▲

①公共問題，面向社會的基礎(chǔ)性和共同性問題，并加以解決

②公共政策，按照一定的程序和方法，制定出解決問題的公共政策，并加以實(shí)施，促進(jìn)社會的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。③公共產(chǎn)品和公共服務(wù)，是公共管理的主要職能。

④公共資源，對人力資源、自然資源、信息資源等各種公共資源進(jìn)行規(guī)劃、組織、協(xié)調(diào)和控制。

⑤危機(jī)管理

6、公共部門的特征P440（簡答）

特征：公共性、權(quán)威性、穩(wěn)定性、合法性

功能：①維護(hù)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序：制度和維護(hù)規(guī)劃，維護(hù)市場公平競爭的環(huán)境

②提供公共產(chǎn)品：公共產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi)具有非排他性，很容易導(dǎo)致“搭便車”情況的發(fā)生，所有，私人部門不愿提供公共產(chǎn)品。

③對收入進(jìn)行再分配：市場機(jī)制無法解決收入分配不公的問題。

④對宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)行調(diào)控：市場機(jī)制本身是有缺陷的，這就需要政府通過實(shí)施相應(yīng)政策來調(diào)控。

7、現(xiàn)代政府組織運(yùn)作的基本原則P442-443▲（論述/簡答）

①人民主權(quán)原則，政府權(quán)利是公民讓渡或委托于政府的，政府僅僅是公眾的代表人，公民理所當(dāng)然地?fù)碛锌刂坪捅O(jiān)督政府的權(quán)利

②有限政府原則，現(xiàn)代民主政府的權(quán)利是相對的、有限的，政府權(quán)力以不侵犯公民合法權(quán)益為基本限度

③分權(quán)原則，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)政府權(quán)力的相互制約、防止政府權(quán)力的濫用，現(xiàn)代政府采用分權(quán)原則。

④法治原則，法治在某種意義上是對政府權(quán)力的勘定和限制，是對公民權(quán)利的規(guī)定和保護(hù)。

8、現(xiàn)代政府職能的含義，政府職能的轉(zhuǎn)變P444▲（論述）

政府職能：①政治職能：核心，是統(tǒng)治階級建立政府的根本宗旨。②經(jīng)濟(jì)職能：包括宏觀調(diào)控、區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)節(jié)、國有資產(chǎn)管理、微觀管制、大型經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目；③文化職能：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和組織精神文明建設(shè)；④社會職能，組織動員全社會力量對社會公共生活領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行管理。

我國政府職能的轉(zhuǎn)變就是要改變行政職能過大的局面：①要將政府職能中應(yīng)該由市場自我調(diào)節(jié)的職能歸于市場自由調(diào)節(jié)，政府負(fù)責(zé)市場體制的維護(hù)和制度建設(shè)，重新認(rèn)識“市場失靈”并不是所有的市場失靈引起的問題都能通過行政手段解決；②積極扶持我國社會組織的成長，要實(shí)現(xiàn)政府與社會之間的和諧發(fā)展，逐步將某些原本屬于政府的職能交由社會性公共組織行使。

10、非政府組織的含義及一般特征P448（去年考題）含義：指政府部門和營利組織之外的一切以服務(wù)大眾為宗旨，為社會提供一定公共產(chǎn)品服務(wù)和公共服務(wù)的志愿團(tuán)體、社會組織或民間協(xié)會等。

特征：組織性、民間性、公益性、非營利性、志愿性。

11、政府與社會新型關(guān)系P447（論述/簡答/辨析）▲ 在管理主體上，對社會公共事務(wù)的管理不能由政府獨(dú)自承擔(dān)，必須鼓勵和引導(dǎo)非政府組織加入到社會公共事務(wù)的管理上來，同時，公眾、私人企業(yè)也可以在公共部門的授權(quán)、監(jiān)督和指導(dǎo)下加入到社會公共事務(wù)的管理上來。在管理方式上，應(yīng)該更多發(fā)揮市場機(jī)制的作用，政府不該越俎代庖?！靶≌?，大社會”。

小政府：①指政府要有所為，有所不為，不應(yīng)該包攬一切，要讓市場機(jī)制發(fā)揮主要作用；②政府的規(guī)模必須縮減，人員必須精干；③明確政府機(jī)構(gòu)以及人員的只能范圍，減少行政成本，提高行政效率。

大社會：指要擴(kuò)大社會的自治功能，政府給予社會更大的自主權(quán)，培育第三部門或非政府組織，讓其和政府一起，成為社會公共事務(wù)的管理主體。非政府組織要接受政府的授權(quán)，承擔(dān)政府留下來的責(zé)任，接受政府的監(jiān)督；還要建立社會對政府的監(jiān)督制約機(jī)制，防止政府權(quán)力的濫用，監(jiān)督政府官員的腐敗行為，逐步建立非政府組織和公眾的民主參與制度和渠道，使政府各職能部門與相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的非政府組織和公眾對話協(xié)商成為一種日常制度。

14、公共政策執(zhí)行的含義和環(huán)節(jié)P454-455（簡答）

含義：是政策執(zhí)行者通過建立組織機(jī)構(gòu)，運(yùn)用各種政策資源，采取各種執(zhí)行手段，將公共政策規(guī)劃的內(nèi)容由觀念轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)際效果，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)既定政策目標(biāo)的活動過程。環(huán)節(jié)：公共政策宣傳，公共政策分解（對總體目標(biāo)進(jìn)行分解，編制執(zhí)行活動路徑，明確工作任務(wù)指向），公共物質(zhì)與組織準(zhǔn)備，公共政策實(shí)驗(yàn)，公共政策全面實(shí)施（是政策執(zhí)行過程中操作性、程序性最強(qiáng)涉及面最廣泛的環(huán)節(jié)）。

17、公共部門戰(zhàn)略管理的含義及特點(diǎn)P457-458▲（六方面）

含義：管理者把握情勢和環(huán)境，通過策略的選擇和實(shí)施，集中組織的資源，達(dá)成目標(biāo)的行為及過程。

特點(diǎn)：未來長遠(yuǎn)性：立足于組織的長遠(yuǎn)利益，為組織未來發(fā)展設(shè)立遠(yuǎn)景，規(guī)劃藍(lán)圖，并將近期目標(biāo)和長遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo)有機(jī)整合全局整體性：是關(guān)注組織的總體格局，以組織的整體發(fā)展作為研究對象的總謀劃。

協(xié)調(diào)一致性：通過協(xié)調(diào)各方行動，使他們統(tǒng)一朝既定目標(biāo)或方向努力，最終使組織成為一個具有競爭力的整體?，F(xiàn)實(shí)可行性：各個環(huán)節(jié)應(yīng)是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的，體現(xiàn)出戰(zhàn)略管理的可操作性和現(xiàn)實(shí)性。

相對穩(wěn)定性：戰(zhàn)略一經(jīng)確定就具有很高的權(quán)威性，應(yīng)保持其穩(wěn)定性，從而使組織對已知的和預(yù)見到的機(jī)遇或威脅作出正確的反應(yīng)，否則，就失去其意義。

應(yīng)對復(fù)雜性：使組織能充分利用外部機(jī)遇，及時化解或避免威脅，并能超越組織目前的生存環(huán)境，減少復(fù)雜性和不確定性。

18、重視公共部門戰(zhàn)略管理的發(fā)展(原因、意義)P458

原因：環(huán)境變遷的壓力。應(yīng)對全球化、社會變革、經(jīng)濟(jì)政治改革，需建立一個應(yīng)對某種復(fù)雜性和不確定性，更有適應(yīng)性的反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)；角色變化的壓力，“小政府無論在理論或?qū)嵺`上均獲取了人們的廣泛認(rèn)同和支持，政府等公共部門就必須正確確定自己的智能、角色、地位、組織結(jié)構(gòu)及其社會關(guān)系。

19、公共部門人力資源管理的含義、特點(diǎn)及職能P460-463（簡答）

含義：指政府機(jī)關(guān)、國有企事業(yè)單位中的工作人員的總和，既包括公務(wù)員，各類專業(yè)技術(shù)人員，又包括一般的勞務(wù)人員，他們是整個社會人力資源的重要組成部分。特點(diǎn)：公共性、政治性、公開性、合法性、復(fù)雜性。職能：人力資源規(guī)劃（數(shù)量、質(zhì)量）、獲?。荚?、選拔、甄選）、開發(fā)（技能培訓(xùn)以適應(yīng)工作需要）、維護(hù)（薪酬福利、健康與安全、勞動關(guān)系、紀(jì)律與獎懲）、研究。

20、公共部門人力資源開發(fā)的指導(dǎo)思想P464（論述）▲ 四個原則：黨管干部原則；德才兼?zhèn)涞挠萌藰?biāo)準(zhǔn)和干部隊(duì)伍“四化”方針，開放原則，研究和借鑒、吸收世界各國人力資源開發(fā)的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)；創(chuàng)新原則，創(chuàng)造一個公開、平等、競爭、擇優(yōu)的用人環(huán)境，建立一套能上能下、能進(jìn)能出、充滿活力的管理機(jī)制，形成一套法制完備、紀(jì)律嚴(yán)明的監(jiān)督體系，開創(chuàng)人才輩出、人盡其才的局面。

21、公共財(cái)政預(yù)算管理的含義與功能P465-466（簡答）▲ 含義：指公共部門根據(jù)國家法定程序和實(shí)施方針?biāo)幹频哪骋粌?nèi)政府的財(cái)政收支計(jì)劃，主要包含：預(yù)算的編制（政府對公共收支的計(jì)劃安排），預(yù)算的執(zhí)行（公共收入的籌措和使用過程），預(yù)算的決算（預(yù)算的執(zhí)行結(jié)果）。功能：預(yù)算是表述立法機(jī)關(guān)意向的工具。反映收支：要反映政府介入經(jīng)濟(jì)社會生活的目的、范圍、規(guī)模和程度；控制支出：確保對公共開支進(jìn)行有效的控制，必須經(jīng)過國家立法機(jī)關(guān)的審批才能生效。

22、公共預(yù)算管理的特點(diǎn)P465-466（論述/簡答）▲

①完整性：包括所有財(cái)政收入和支出的內(nèi)容，以便全面反映政府的財(cái)政活動和政府的職能范圍；②統(tǒng)一性：財(cái)政收入和政府支出要按統(tǒng)一的科目、統(tǒng)一的口徑和統(tǒng)一的程度加以計(jì)算和全額編制；③真實(shí)性：預(yù)算中的預(yù)計(jì)數(shù)應(yīng)該盡量準(zhǔn)確地反映出可能出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。④性：各級政府的預(yù)算必須按季度或按月編制，期限內(nèi)的全部財(cái)政收支應(yīng)進(jìn)行收支對照比較，并和前期進(jìn)行比較，預(yù)算包括預(yù)算收支的起止期限。⑤效率性：由可操作性和預(yù)測的準(zhǔn)確性。⑥公開性：其內(nèi)容為全社會所了解。⑦導(dǎo)向性：預(yù)算具有未來導(dǎo)向和績效導(dǎo)向的特點(diǎn)。

24、公共部門績效管理的含義、特點(diǎn)及作用P471

含義：對組織的績效目標(biāo)進(jìn)行設(shè)定與實(shí)施，并對實(shí)現(xiàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)考察與追蹤，推動績效不斷改進(jìn)的系統(tǒng)活動和過程。其中，績效計(jì)劃、績效評估、績效衡量、績效追蹤是組織績效管理過程中的四個最基本的功能活動。

特點(diǎn)：①方向性（目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向）：兼顧效率與公平的實(shí)現(xiàn)；②系統(tǒng)性（過程導(dǎo)向）：公共服務(wù)績效管理是個復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程，涉及面廣，影響因素復(fù)雜，而且各個層次、各種因素相互交織、滲透、影響，可變性很大。③靈活性（指標(biāo)導(dǎo)向），政策目標(biāo)不同，就會有不同的績效指標(biāo)系統(tǒng)。作用：①對組織而言：績效管理是提高政府行政效率的動力，重視資源的有效配置，產(chǎn)出好的結(jié)果，滿足公民需要，重視“投入”與“產(chǎn)出”的比率，提高行政效率。②對員工而言：是一種激勵手段，與任用、晉升、獎懲等結(jié)合起來，有利于激發(fā)員工的積極性，強(qiáng)化員工的責(zé)任感。③對公共服務(wù)對象而言：可以監(jiān)督公共部門責(zé)任的實(shí)現(xiàn)和落實(shí)，可以監(jiān)督政府部門的科學(xué)決策，有利于政府公共部門信譽(yù)和形象的提高。

第五篇：山東省委黨校2014年在職研究生入學(xué)考試練習(xí)題

說明：此練習(xí)題僅供輔導(dǎo)教師和考生在復(fù)習(xí)過程中進(jìn)行練習(xí)及掌握考試題型之用。要取得好成績，請考生按照大綱進(jìn)行全面系統(tǒng)復(fù)習(xí)。

《政治理論》練習(xí)題

一、概念解釋題

1．貨幣

2.商品

3.資本

4.剩余價值

5．抽象勞動

6.可變資本

7.價值規(guī)律

8.哲學(xué)基本問題 9.主要矛盾

10.理性認(rèn)識

11.毛澤東思想活的靈魂

12.群眾路線

13.生態(tài)文明

14.一國兩制

15.協(xié)商民主

16.循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)

17.和諧文化

18.和平共處五項(xiàng)原則

二、辨析題

1．實(shí)踐是認(rèn)識的最終目的。

2．對新事物要肯定一切，對舊事物要否定一切。3．勞動是創(chuàng)造商品價值的唯一源泉。

4．具體勞動創(chuàng)造使用價值，抽象勞動創(chuàng)造價值，所以它們是兩類獨(dú)立存在的勞動。

5．資本主義工資就是雇傭工人勞動的價格。

6．科學(xué)發(fā)展觀第一要義是發(fā)展，這里所說的―發(fā)展‖是指經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。7．馬克思主義認(rèn)識論是以實(shí)踐為基礎(chǔ)的能動的革命的反映論。8．以人為本就是以人民群眾為發(fā)展的根本動力。

9．以人為本、執(zhí)政為民是檢驗(yàn)黨一切執(zhí)政活動的最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

10.協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展就是要求平均發(fā)展。

11．革命是解放生產(chǎn)力，改革是發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力。

12．中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作與政治協(xié)商制度是中國的一項(xiàng)基本政治制度。

13．按勞分配與按生產(chǎn)要素分配是根本對立的分配原則。

14．市場經(jīng)濟(jì)以市場作為資源配置的決定性手段，但并不排斥國家對經(jīng)濟(jì)的宏觀調(diào)控。

15．社會主義民主政治只是為社會主義經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)服務(wù)的有力手段。16.未來社會是一個自由人聯(lián)合體。17.建設(shè)中國特色社會主義民主政治最根本的是要把堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、人們當(dāng)家作主和依法治國有機(jī)統(tǒng)一起來。

18.強(qiáng)調(diào)維護(hù)社會公平正義就是劫富濟(jì)貧搞平均主義。

三、簡答題

1.馬克思主義的三個思想理論來源是什么？ 2.簡述資本主義生產(chǎn)方式的絕對規(guī)律。3.簡述馬克思關(guān)于資本的特殊性質(zhì)的論述。4.簡述馬克思對生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)之間關(guān)系的論述 5.簡述馬克思關(guān)于勞動力價值的論述。6.什么是唯物辯證法的三大規(guī)律？

7.列寧是如何論述唯心主義的認(rèn)識論根源的？ 8.列寧關(guān)于辯證法和形而上學(xué)兩種發(fā)展觀的論述。9.簡述毛澤東關(guān)于黨的三大優(yōu)良作風(fēng)的概括。

10.解析鄧小平關(guān)于我國處在社會主義初級階段這個重要論斷的基本涵義。11.鄧小平是如何論述解放思想與實(shí)事求是二者之間關(guān)系的？ 12.中國特色社會主義的三大基本問題是什么？ 13.為什么說沒有民主就沒有社會主義？

14.黨的十八大報(bào)告關(guān)于中國特色社會主義道路、中國特色社會主義理論體系、中國特色社會主義制度三者相互關(guān)系的論述。

15.什么是中國特色社會主義的總依據(jù)、總布局、總?cè)蝿?wù)？ 16.為什么說社會主義和市場經(jīng)濟(jì)不存在根本矛盾？

17.黨的十八屆三中全會提出的全面深化改革的總目標(biāo)是什么？ 18.全面深化經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的核心問題是什么？

四、論述題

1．馬克思關(guān)于價值規(guī)律的論述及其重大意義。

2．論馬克思“兩個必然”和“兩個決不會”的思想及其重大意義。3．馬克思關(guān)于資本基本構(gòu)成的論述及其重大意義。

4．列寧關(guān)于“利用資本主義，建設(shè)社會主義”的思想及其重大意義。5．毛澤東關(guān)于“社會主義社會基本矛盾”的論述及其重大意義。

6．毛澤東“關(guān)于事物矛盾問題精髓”的論述及其重大意義。7．鄧小平的社會主義本質(zhì)論及其重大意義。8．試論依法治國是社會主義民主政治的基本要求。

9．試論先進(jìn)文化是社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的重要保證。

《現(xiàn)代管理學(xué)》練習(xí)題

一、概念題

1、從一般意義上來定義管理

2、管理的綜合性特征

3、管理主體

4、管理客體

5、管理機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)類型中的直線職能制

6、管理目標(biāo)

7、管理的人本觀念

8、管理的系統(tǒng)觀念

9、管理的戰(zhàn)略觀念

10、管理的權(quán)變觀念

11、不確定型決策

12、實(shí)施過程中的激勵

13、贊揚(yáng)激勵

14、溝通激勵

15、現(xiàn)代管理中的監(jiān)督

16、審計(jì)監(jiān)督

17、現(xiàn)代管理中的評價

18、現(xiàn)代管理方法中的經(jīng)濟(jì)方法

二、辨析題

1、任何管理都由以下因素構(gòu)成：管理主體、管理客體、管理目的、管理職能和方法、管理環(huán)境。

2、在管理實(shí)際中，管理的科學(xué)性和藝術(shù)性是統(tǒng)一的。

3、管理幅度和管理層次成正比例關(guān)系，即管理幅度越大，管理層次越多；管理幅度越小，管理層次越少。

4、可控性或稱可管理性是管理客體的重要特征。

5、管理目標(biāo)具有評價作用。

6、管理就是以信息處理為中心。

7、管理目標(biāo)的分類，按管理的職能分，可分為經(jīng)濟(jì)管理目標(biāo)、行政管理目標(biāo)、科學(xué)技術(shù)管理目標(biāo)和社會管理目標(biāo)。

8、按管理者的職責(zé)，可分為一般的管理者和管理中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，但管理中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者不是勞動者。

9、管理活動中，要處理多種關(guān)系，但最主要的是處理好物與物的關(guān)系以及人、財(cái)、物的關(guān)系。

10、管理的系統(tǒng)觀念就是管理的整體觀念。

11、系統(tǒng)理論和系統(tǒng)方法為現(xiàn)代管理開辟了新的思路，提供了新的武器。因此，樹立系統(tǒng)觀念和掌握系統(tǒng)方法，是現(xiàn)代管理者所應(yīng)具備的基本素質(zhì)。、12、管理的權(quán)變觀念的核心內(nèi)容，就在于管理效果完全取決于組織與環(huán)境之間的適應(yīng)性。

13、按監(jiān)督的主體劃分，可分為自我監(jiān)督、內(nèi)部監(jiān)督、外部監(jiān)督。

14、經(jīng)濟(jì)監(jiān)督就是財(cái)政監(jiān)督和財(cái)務(wù)監(jiān)督。

15、實(shí)施是現(xiàn)代管理者的一項(xiàng)重要責(zé)任。

16、我們現(xiàn)在實(shí)行的是社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，徹底否定了傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體系。因此，在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下，計(jì)劃管理已經(jīng)不重要了。

17、經(jīng)濟(jì)方法的調(diào)節(jié)作用是直接的。

18、在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下，各種產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的價格都是由價值規(guī)律和市場供求關(guān)系決定的，與政府和企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策無關(guān)。

三、簡答題

1、管理主體決定管理活動的方向。

2、要使管理主體在管理活動中起主導(dǎo)支配的作用，必須具備的條件。

3、管理的藝術(shù)特征。

4、管理機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)要堅(jiān)持責(zé)、權(quán)、利相一致的原則。

5、管理機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)要堅(jiān)持以目標(biāo)為中心，以職能為中心的原則。

6、作為管理客體的人的地位。

7、作為管理客體的人的特征。

8、管理目標(biāo)制定的依據(jù)。

9、管理目標(biāo)的制定要堅(jiān)持方案選優(yōu)的原則。

10、管理系統(tǒng)觀念中的動態(tài)的觀念。

11、管理實(shí)施中激勵的作用。

12、激勵方式中的獎罰激勵。

13、激勵方式中的尊重激勵。

14、管理過程中的監(jiān)督具有反饋的功能。

15、管理過程中的監(jiān)督要堅(jiān)持經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則。

16、管理過程中的監(jiān)督具有預(yù)防功能。

17、權(quán)變觀念要求領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式應(yīng)與環(huán)境相適應(yīng)。

18、行政方法在管理中的運(yùn)用有其自身的局限性，因此在運(yùn)用中必須堅(jiān)持正確的原則。

四、論述題

1、人既是管理的主體又是管理的客體，請您認(rèn)真關(guān)注作為管理客體的人的地位和作用。

2、決策對于管理主體來說太重要了，要想做出科學(xué)正確的決策，必須遵循一些原則，請您掌握這些原則。

3、決策是一個科學(xué)的過程，不是隨意點(diǎn)頭和拍板定案，請您牢記決策的程序，即決策必須遵循的步驟。

4、管理者擔(dān)負(fù)著特殊的職責(zé)，因此他必須具有特定的素質(zhì)。請您認(rèn)真了解一下管理者所應(yīng)具備的素質(zhì)。

5、管理目標(biāo)是管理活動的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和歸宿點(diǎn)，因此它在管理中占有重要的地位和作用。請您認(rèn)真記住目標(biāo)在管理中的作用。

6、管理目標(biāo)很重要，但制定出科學(xué)正確和先進(jìn)可行的管理目標(biāo)就不是一件很容易的事了，必須要堅(jiān)持一系列的科學(xué)原則。請您記住這些原則，才能制定出好的目標(biāo)。

7、擇優(yōu)觀念是現(xiàn)代管理中一個非常重要的觀念，離了這個觀念，管理活動就會出問題。請您牢牢記住樹立擇優(yōu)觀念的必要性。

8、實(shí)施是介于決策、計(jì)劃和管理對象之間的中間環(huán)節(jié)，沒有圓滿的實(shí)施，就談不上完成管理任務(wù)。實(shí)施的這種特定地位，決定了它的特點(diǎn)。請您認(rèn)真了解實(shí)施不同于其他管理環(huán)節(jié)的特點(diǎn)。

9、管理實(shí)施過程結(jié)束后，還不能算是管理過程的結(jié)束，還需對其過程所獲得的成績和效果進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的評價。搞好評價也不是一件很簡單的事。請您仔細(xì)了解評價活動應(yīng)遵循的一系列原則。

《法理學(xué)》練習(xí)題

一、簡答題

1、法律責(zé)任

2、法律部門

3、法律解釋

4、法律淵源

5、法律移植

6、英美法系和大陸法系

7、法治和法制

10、法律溯及力

11、社會主義的法治理念

12、社會法律監(jiān)督

13、法律制定

14、當(dāng)代中國的法律淵源

15、法律繼承

16、法律現(xiàn)代化

17、法律的基本特征

18、、法律適用

19、社會法律監(jiān)督

二、辨析題

1、法律的本質(zhì)

2、法律意識的結(jié)構(gòu)

3、法律規(guī)則的構(gòu)成要素

4、法學(xué)研究的對象

5、法的不確定性

6、法的規(guī)范性

7、法學(xué)研究的對象

8、理論法學(xué)和應(yīng)用法學(xué)

9、國家賠償法所屬部門

10根據(jù)法的效力范圍的不同，法的分類

11、立法體制

12、劃分法的歷史類型的依據(jù)

13、法律與道德強(qiáng)制力不同

14、法學(xué)體系和法律體系的區(qū)別

15、法律制定

16、法律繼承

三、材料分析題

1、法律部門和法律淵源的不同

2、法的評價作用

3、立法體制

4、法的淵源

5、廣義法律和狹義法律的效力區(qū)別

6、法律與道德的區(qū)別

7、司法機(jī)關(guān)獨(dú)立行使審判或檢察權(quán)

8、行政責(zé)任、刑事責(zé)任和民事責(zé)任的不同

9、人民法院定罪量刑的依據(jù)

10、法律規(guī)則和法律原則的不同

11、法理學(xué)的組成、法理學(xué)的社會學(xué)價值和法理學(xué)與其他法律部門的聯(lián)系

12、司法的“以事實(shí)為根據(jù)，以法律為準(zhǔn)繩”的原則

四、論述題

1、司法權(quán)的性質(zhì)和特征

2、法律規(guī)則的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)

3、司法機(jī)關(guān)獨(dú)立行使職權(quán)的原則

4、法律關(guān)系的構(gòu)成要素

5、法律的規(guī)范作用

6、法律的社會作用

7、法律責(zé)任的歸責(zé)原則

8、法律的本質(zhì)

9、法律調(diào)整和道德調(diào)整的區(qū)別

《英語》練習(xí)題

一、單項(xiàng)選擇

1.Continuing education classes give some adults the chance ________ new skills.A.learn

B.to learn C.to be learning

D.to have learned 2.When I was young, I ________ to school every day.A.walk C.walked

B.had walked D.had been walking 3.She ________ money and forgetting to pay you back.A.borrowed C.is always borrowing

B.borrows D.has borrow 4.Because of ________ you have done, things become much worse.A.that

B.whom

C.which

D.what 5.While ________ the train, I had a long talk with Jane.A.wait for C.waiting for

B.having waited for

D.being waited for 6.These questions ______ at tomorrow’s meeting.A.have been discussed

B.had been discussed C.will be discussed

D.shall be discussed

7.It is ____ in spring than in autumn.A.warmer

B.more warm

C.warmest

D.most warm 8.Miss White has been a secretary __________.A.every year

B.since 1997 C.ten years ago

D.in 1997 9.I called on her and found that she ________.A.went abroad

B.go abroad C.had gone abroad

D.has gone abroad 10.It has been two weeks since he ________ home.A.has left

B.was leaving C.left

D.is leaving 11.Telephone ________ in our everyday life.A.being used

B.uses C.is used

D.is using 12.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ________.A.hear of

B.to hear C.hearing from

D.heard 13.Before he came to New York, he had never heard a single English word ________.A.speaking

B.to speak

C.spoken

D.spoke 14.The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A.first playing

B.to be first played

C.first played

D.to be first playing 15.The old man lay in bed, ________ what to do the next day.A.thinking

B.was thinking

C.having thought

D.being thought 16.Let’s ________ and get something to eat.A.to go

B.go

C.going

D.goes 17.Bill has been out of work ________ three years.A.by C.in 18.When they arrived, the game ________.A.already start C.have already started

B.already started D.had already started B.since D.for 19.Those books ________ to the library next Monday.A.can return

B.can be returned C.can returned

D.can return to 20.I’m sorry, but smoking ________ here.A.is allowed

B.is not allowed C.will be allowed

D.will not allow 21.They got to the bus station ________ than you did.A.more late

B.later C.more later

D.late 22.He talked of the people and books ________ interested him.A.who

B.whose

C.that

D.whom 23.I live in ________.I’d like to let you know that I’m checking out early

tomorrow morning.A.Room 216th

B.216 Room C.216th Room

D.Room 216 24.This kind of tree has green ________ throughout(全部)the year.A.leafs

B.leaves

C.leaf

D.leaves’ 25.I will give him the letter as soon as I ________ him.A.see

B.sees C.sees’

D.saw 26.Excuse ________, may I ask you a question?

A.I

B.my

C.me

D.us

27.They never knew that pollution ________ a big problem.A.become

B.would become C.is going to

D.does become 28.You ________ where you leave your things.A.always forgets C.will always forget 29.He doesn’t live in the city, ________ ?.A.isn’t he

B.doesn’t he

B.forget

D.are always forgetting C.is he

D.does he 30.Now she is leaving London.She has stayed here ________.A.after 1980 C.for 1980

B.in 1980 D.since 1980 31.The role of _______ has changed a lot in the past 30 years.A.womans

B.women C.woman

D.women’s 32.________ meeting will be put off(推遲)till next Monday.A.Tomorrow’s

B.Tomorrows’ C.Tomorrow

D.Tomorrows 33.If he ________ to go, I'll ask someone else to go with me.A.don’t want

B.doesn’t want

C.not want

D.not wants 34.This is my cell phone(手機(jī)).________ is on the desk.A.Their

B.Our C.Yours

D.Her 35.The house ________ is very nice, but the compound(院子)is too small.A.himself

B.herself

C.itself

D.oneself 36.I told him not to go, but he ________ not listen.A.will C.shall

B.would D.should 37.This time last year, Tom ________ with his friends in London.A.stayed

B.was staying C.is staying

D.stays 38.Let’s ________ and get something to eat.A.to go

B.go

C.going

D.goes 39.Bill has been out of work ________ three years.A.by

B.since C.in D.for 40.When they arrived at the airport, the plane ________.A.already take off C.have already taken off

B.already took off D.had already taken off 41.Those books ________ to the library next Monday.A.can return

B.can be returned C.can returned

D.can return to 42.I’m sorry, but smoking ________ here.A.is allowed

B.is not allowed C.will be allowed

D.will not allow 43.They got to the airport ________ than you did.A.more late

B.later C.more later

D.late 44.He talked of the people and books ________ interested him.A.who

B.whose

C.that

D.whom 45.He was writing an e-mail ________ I was watching TV in the hotel room.A.as soon as

B.after C.until

D.while

二、閱讀理解

(1)Which of your feelings do you let other people know about? Which do you keep to yourself? Sometimes it’s a good thing to say what you feel.At other times it’s better to keep quiet about your feelings.Sometimes it’s hard to know exactly what you feel.At other times feelings are so strong that you can not control them.People from different cultures have different ways of dealing with feelings.It is said that English people are cold.If they do feel anything, they will not let other people know.This is because they grow up in a culture which tells them that it’s good to control their feelings.They learn when they are young that it is best to keep tears and laughter to themselves.15 Compared with the English, the French are much warmer and more open.They are always ready to express what they feel.However, it is said the Italians are the warmest people in the world.They let their feelings ―explode‖.What happens to feelings that are not expressed? Many people say they don’t just disappear.They continue to exist under the surface and may come out in other forms.Anger that we don’t express to others can become anger that we turn against ourselves.Fears that we don’t talk about may make us become afraid of all things.We may appear to be brave, but we are fearful and anxious inside.Hurts and disappointments that we never express may make us become too careful about getting close to others.As long as we don’t make others unhappy, there is noting wrong in expressing our feelings.We can express our feelings directly or indirectly.We can talk to other people about our feelings.Of course, sometimes we should also control our feelings.After all, life is made of all kinds of feelings, isn’t it?

1.________ to say what you feel.A.It’s always good

B.Sometimes it is good

C.It’s no good

D.You always want

2.People ________ have different ways of dealing with feelings.A.from different cultures

B.from different countries

C.from different schools

D.of different occupations

3.According to the passage, ________ are the warmest people in the world.A.the Italians

B.the English

C.the French

D.the Chinese

4.The feelings that people don’t express ________.A.just disappear

B.should never be expressed

C.continue to exist under the surface

D.are always bad

5.People can express their feelings directly or indirectly ________.A.as long as they don’t make others unhappy

B.as long as they don’t make others happy

C.as soon as they don’t make others unhappy

D.as soon as they don’t make others happy

(2)I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight, silence would teach him the joys of sound.Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see.Recently I was visited by a very good friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and I asked her what she had observed.―Nothing is particular,‖ she replied.I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses, for long ago I became convinced that the seeing see little.How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch.I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf.I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, of the rough bark of a pine.In spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud, the first sign of awakening nature after her winter’s sleep.Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel the happy quiver of a bird in full song.I am delighted to have the cool waters of a brook rush through my open fingers.To me the pageant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips.At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things.If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight.Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little.The panorama of color and action which fills the world is taken for granted.It is human perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as mere convenience rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.If I were president of a university, I should establish a compulsory course in ―How to Use Your Eyes‖.The professor would try to show his pupils how they could add joy to their lives by really seeing what passes unnoticed before them.He would try to awake their dormant and sluggish faculties.6.According to the text, it would be a blessing if________.A.every human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life

B.every human being is stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life C.every human being is stricken blind and deaf D.every human being were stricken blind and deaf 7.Which of the following is the author’s opinion about the seeing people? A.Most of the seeing people see little.B.The seeing people cherished their gift of sight very much.C.The seeing people use their power of sight to the full.D.The seeing people use their gift of sight as a means of adding color to life.8.The author could not see by sight, but she ______.A.could find hundreds of things to interest her through mere touch B.knew more than the seeing

C.was very optimistic and could ―see‖ more than the seeing D.both A and C

9.According to the text, why would it be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life? A.Because darkness would make him more appreciative of sight, and silence would teach him the joys of sound.B.Because people seldom cherish what they have and if they lose what they have for a short time they would cherish what they have much more.C.Because people are always longing for what they don’t have.D.both A and B 10.We can infer from the text that _______.A.though the author was blind, she loved life and she knew well how to add fullness to life B.the author was a president of a university C.the author established a compulsory course in ―How to Use Your Eyes‖ D.the author appreciated little what she had and longed for what she had not.(3)We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions and to communicate with other people.We can learn a lot about what a person is thinking by watching his or her body language.Words are important, but the way a person stands, folds his or her arms, or moves his or her hands can also give us information about his or her feelings.Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.Making eye contact – looking directly into someone’s eyes – is in some counties a way to show interest.In other countries, however, eye contact is rude or disrespectful.The gesture of OK, making a circle with one’s thumb and index finger, has different meanings in different cultures.In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.In France, a person seeing the same gesture will think it means zero.In Brazil and Germany, however, the gesture is rude.The thumbs-up gesture, meaning ―great‖ or ―good job‖ in the US, is rude in Nigeria, but in Germany and Japan it means the number one.The ―crazy‖ gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means ―you have a phone call‖ in Brazil.While there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal.A good way of saying ―I am full‖ is moving the hand in circles over the stomach after a meal.If a person pats his or her stomach before a meal, it usually means ―I am hungry‖.Perhaps the best example of universally understood body language is the smile.A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.A smile can open doors and tear down walls.It can be used to express almost any emotion.We can use a smile to apologize, to greet someone, to ask for help or to start a conversation.We can smile at ourselves in the mirror to make ourselves feel happier and stronger.And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good friend.11.We can get information about a person’s feelings from ________.A.his words B.the way he stands C.the way he folds his arms or move his hands D.both his words and his body language 12.Eye contact ________.A.has different meanings in different cultures B.is rude or disrespectful C.has the same meaning in all the countries D.is a way to show interest 13.A good way of saying ―I’m full.‖ is ________.A.moving the hand in circles over the stomach after a meal B.resting one’s head on the back of one’s hand C.patting the stomach before a meal D.Both A and C 14.The ―crazy‖ gesture means ________ in Brazil.A.great B.the number one C.you have a phone call D.none of above 15.The gesture for OK, making a circle with one’s thumb and index finger, ________.A.all of the following B.means money in Japan C.means zero in France D.has different meanings in different cultures

(4)A man came home from work late again, tired and irritated, to find his 5-year-old son waiting for him at the door.―Daddy, may I ask you a question?‖

―Yeah, sure, what is it?‖ replied the man.―Daddy, how much money do you make an hour?‖

―That’s none of your business!What makes you ask such a thing?‖ the man said angrily.―I just want to know.Please tell me, how much do you make an hour?‖ pleaded the little boy.―If you must know, I make $20.00 an hour.‖ ―Oh,‖ the little boy replied, head bowed.Looking up, he said, ―Daddy, may I borrow $10.00 please?‖

The father was furious.―If the only reason you wanted to know how much money I make is just so you can borrow some to buy a silly toy or some other nonsense, then you march yourself straight to your room and go to bed.Think about why you’re being so selfish.I work long, hard hours every day and don’t have time for such childish games.‖

The little boy quietly went to his room and shut the door.The man sat down and started to get even madder about the little boy’s questioning.How dare he ask such questions only to get some money.After an hour or so, the man had calmed down, and started to think he may have been a little hard on his son.Maybe there was something he really needed to buy with that $10.00, and he really didn’t ask for money very often.The man went to the door of the little boy’s room and opened the door.―Are you asleep, son?‖ he asked.―No daddy, I’m awake,‖ replied the boy.―I’ve been thinking, maybe I was too hard on you earlier,‖ said the man.―It’s been a long day and I took my aggravation out on you.Here’s that $10.00 you asked for.‖ The little boy sat straight up, beaming.―Oh, thank you daddy!‖ he yelled.Then, reaching under his pillow, he pulled out some more crumpled up bills.The man, seeing that the boy already had money, started to get angry again.The little boy slowly counted out his money, then looked up at the man.―Why did you want more money if you already had some?‖ the father grumbled.―Because I didn’t have enough, but now I do,‖ the little boy replied.―Daddy, I have $20.00 now.Can I buy an hour of your time?‖ 16.What do you know about the man?

A.He made a lot of money.B.He often came home from work late.C.He often went to work late.D.He spent lots of time taking care of his son.17.Why was the boy waiting for his father at the door?

A.Because he missed his father very much.B.Because he was hungry.C.Because he wanted to borrow some money from his father.D.Because he had good news to tell his father.18.The man went to talk to his son because ________.A.he thought he might have been a little hard on his son.B.he wanted to ask his son some questions.C.he wanted to find out whether his son was asleep or not.D.his son was crying in his bedroom.19.The boy wanted to borrow some money from his father because ________.A.he wanted to buy a toy with the money

B.he wanted to buy a birthday present for himself

C.he didn’t have any money

D.he didn’t have enough money to buy an hour of his father’s time

20.What is the main idea of the passage?

A.Parents should give their children some pocket money.B.Parents should not neglect(忽視)their children no matter how busy they are.C.Parents should not be hard on their children.D.Children can buy time from their parents.(5)I once knew a man whose memory was very bad.Richard Rudd was so forgetful that he sometimes forgot what he was talking about in the middle of a sentence.His wife had to remind him constantly about his appointments, his classes – even his meals!Since Rudd was a professor at a well-known university, his forgetfulness was often an embarrassment.It wasn’t that he was unintelligent, as some critical people tend to gossip.He was just very, very absent-minded.One hot summer day, Professor Rudd decided to take his children to the beach.The seaside town he planned to visit was a three-hour train ride away.To make the trip more interesting for his young children, he kept the name of the town a secret.Unfortunately, by the time Rudd had arrived at the train station, the poor forgetful man had forgotten the name of his destination himself.Luckily, a friend of his happened to be in the station.He offered to take care of the children while Rudd went back home to find out where he was going.The professor’s wife was surprised to see him again so soon, but she was amused when she heard what the matter was.She distrusted his memory, so she wrote the name of the town on a piece of paper.Satisfied that she had solved the problem, she sent her husband off again.Ten minutes later, she was astonished to see him outside the house again.What was the matter now? 21.What was Professor Rudd’s trouble? A.Lack of confidence.B.Lack of intelligence.C.Carelessness.D.Absent-mindedness.22.What was probably the most embarrassing thing for Professor Rudd? A.He often had to be reminded to go to class at the university.B.He often had to be reminded to meet people at the appointed(約定的)time.C.He sometimes forgot what he was talking about in the middle of a sentence.D.He sometimes forgot to take meals.23.What did Richard Rudd decide to do one hot summer day? A.To accompany his children on a train ride.B.To have a holiday with his children on the beach.C.To go and visit a friend of his in a seaside town with his children.D.To stay home and take care of his children.24.Why did Richard come back the first time? A.He forgot where he was going.B.He forgot his friend’s address.C.He forgot to tell his wife where he was going.D.He forgot to take the train tickets.25.What can you infer from the story?

A.Professor Rudd was an old man.B.Mrs.Rudd was actually more intelligent than her husband.23

C.Mrs.Rudd was an indispensable(不可缺少的)companion to her husband.D.Professor Rudd’s reputation was falling rapidly.(6)You may not realize it, but you are doing much more than just studying, when you are at school.School is also the place where you learn to get along well with people.But this is not always easy.What can you do if you just don’t like one of your classmates?

If you discover that you have problems getting along with your classmates or friends, the most important thing to learn is tolerance.Tolerance is the ability to realize and respect the differences in others.We can not change the way that other people do, so it is important to learn to live happily with them.Tolerance will make everyone get on better with each other.Getting to know someone may help you understand why they do things differently.Something different does not exactly mean that it is bad.Tolerance teaches us to keep an even temper and open mind.You need to remember an old saying, ―treat others how you want to be treated‖.You would like to be treated kindly by your classmates, so it is important to treat them kindly too.If you tolerate something, it does not mean that you have to like it.No one is asking you to change who you are or what you believe in.Tolerance just means that you should respect the differences in others and not try to make them change.It is important to practice tolerance, because it will make everyone’s lives easier.Learn to accept people for their different abilities and interests.The world is very different, and practicing tolerance in your own school and city can help make a difference.26.According to the author, what is tolerance? A.Tolerance is the ability that we have to change the way that other people do.B.Tolerance is the ability to realize and respect the differences in others.C.Tolerance is a weapon to fight against the enemy.D.Tolerance is the way to discover whether you have problems getting along with your classmates or friends.27.What does tolerance function(起作用)in getting along with your friends? A.It makes you change who you are and what you believe.24 B.It can help us understand why people do things differently.C.It warns us to keep an even tempter and open mind.D.It is important for us to learn tolerance.28.Why is tolerance important? A.Because it will make everyone’s lives easier.B.Because it will make everyone get on better with each other.C.Because it teaches us to respect the differences in others and not try to make them change.D.All of the above.29.―Treat others how you want to be treated‖, what does the sentence mean?

A.If you want to be treated kindly, you should treat others kindly too.B.If someone treats you badly, you will treat them kindly.C.You should change yourself to tolerate others.D.Others should change themselves to tolerate you.30.Which of the following is true according to the passage? A.If you tolerate something, you must change yourself.B.Tolerance can make you get on better with your classmates or friends, for it teaches you to keep an even temper and open mind.C.We can live happily with other people by changing the way they do.D.Practicing tolerance can not make any change in your life for the world is different.(7)I found out one time that doing a favor for someone could get you into a lot of trouble.One time when I was taking a final test, the girl next to me whispered something, but I couldn’t understand.So I leaned over her way and found out that she was trying to ask me if I had an extra pen.She showed me that hers was out of ink and would not write.I happened to have an extra one, so I took it out of my pocket and put it on her desk.Later, after we turned in all the test papers, the teacher asked me to stay in the room.As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about what it meant to grow up;she mentioned how important it was to stand on your own feet and be responsible for my own acts.For a long time she talked about honesty and emphasized that when people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves.She made me promise that I wouldn’t think seriously about what she said, and then she told me I could leave.I walked out of the room wondering why she chose to talk to me about all these things.Later on, I found out that she thought I was cheating on the test.I tried to explain about the pen, but what she said was that it seemed very strange to her that I didn’t mention anything about the pen the day she talked to me right after the test.To this day, I am sure she continues to believe that I had cheated on that test.Appearances can be deceiving and it is difficult to know how others will perceive our action.31.Why did the girl say something to me in a low voice? A.Because she wanted to have a look on my paper.B.Because she couldn’t work out the question on the paper.C.Because she wanted to ask me for a pen.D.Because she wanted me to give her the answer to the questions.32.Why did the teacher let me stay after class? A.She wanted to give me a gift.B.She wanted to talk with me.C.She wanted to tell me a story.D.She wanted to make me do some cleaning.33.What did the teacher think about me? A.She thought I was not mature(成熟的).B.She thought I was an honest person.C.She thought I did a right thing.D.She thought I was cheating in the exam.34.Why didn’t the teacher believe that I didn’t cheat on the test? A.She saw I was cheating with her own eyes.B.Someone else told her about it.C.She thought if I didn’t cheat I would tell her the truth of the pen.D.She couldn’t believe anything I said.35.What can you infer(推斷)from the passage? A.We can’t judge from the appearance(表面).B.We shouldn’t help others in the exam.C.We should tell the teacher in time if we help others.D.We shouldn’t cheat on the test.(8)Have you ever seen people dance? Some dances are fast and others are slow.People’s feet move when they dance.They keep on moving until the music stops.People have enjoyed dancing for a very long time.This story is of a different kind of dance.It is a dance without people or music.Yet this dance is one of the oldest in the world.It is the dance of bees.If you have ever watched bees, you know that they are very clever.They also work hard looking for food and bringing it back to their home.The home of bees is called a bee-hive.Here hundreds — even thousands — of bees live.They work day and night building small walls of wax.Here they make their honey.This is the same honey that we eat.Where does the honey come from? Bees live on food from flowers.Have you ever seen bees flying around a flower garden? When a bee rests on a flower, it tries to go to the center of it.There it takes in as much food as its body can hold.Then it carries the food back to the hive.At the hive, bees change this flower food into honey.Then they fly away for more food.How do bees know where to find the best food in the sweetest flowers? One bee acts as a guide.When it discovers good flowers, it flies back to the hive to tell the others.It does this by dancing for them.The bee dances on one side.This tells the other bees which way to go to find the flowers, but that is not all.The bee dances for some time, and the length of its dance tells the other bees how far they must fly to reach the flowers.When the other bees see the dance, they know where the flowers are.They fly away and return with more food for the hive.Sometimes we hear the music of bees as they fly around, but few people have ever seen them dance.Yet without that dance we might never have sweet honey to eat.36.According to the passage, people don’t stop dancing until ________.A.the music stops B.they are very tired C.they want to go to bed D.it is very late 37.In the text, ―an unknown dance‖ is a dance ________.A.without a light B.without people or music C.without light and music D.without any drinks 38.Bees carry the flower food back to the hive ________.A.to eat B.to store

C.to be a present to other bees D.to change them into honey 39.What does a guide bee do if it finds the best food in the sweetest flowers? A.It will fly back to the hive to tell the others.B.It will take in as much food as it can.C.It will bring it back to the hive.D.It will change it into honey.40.What does the length of the dance mean? A.It tells the other bees which way to go to find the flowers.B.It tells the other bees how far they must fly to reach the flowers.C.It means that bees enjoy dancing.D.It means nothing.(9)We all have certain habits and we can have good habits or bad habits.This passage gives us some advice on how to be healthy.It tells us what we must do if we want to keep ourselves fit.Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.This is an old English saying.It means that we must go to bed early in the evening and get up early in the morning.Is this true? Perhaps it is.The body must have enough sleep.Children, for instance, need ten hours’ sleep every night.If we do not go to bed early, we cannot have enough sleep.Then we cannot think or do our work properly.We will not be wise or live a comfortable life.Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning.This is not good for them.We must sleep at night when it is dark.The dark helps us to sleep well.When daytime comes, we must get up.It is the time for exercise.Exercise means doing something with the body.Walking, running, jumping, swimming, playing games are all good forms of exercise.If the body is not used, it becomes weak.Exercise keeps it strong.Exercise helps blood to move around inside the body.This is very important.Blood takes food to all parts of our bodies.The brains in our heads also need blood.We think with our brain.If we can keep our bodies healthy, and do exercises, we can think better!Our bodies also need air to breathe.Without air we cannot live.We must have plenty of clean, fresh air to breathe if we want to be in good health.So, people often sleep with their room windows open because they want to have plenty of clean, fresh air to breathe.In brief, you don’t know what happiness is until you lose it;you don’t know what health is until you are ill.―Health is of vital importance to life‖ sounds like a cliché to everyone, but it is absolutely true.41.Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.What does this statement mean? A.If one goes to bed early, he would be a wise man.B.If one gets up early, he would be a wealthy man.C.If one goes to bed early and gets up early, he would be a wealthy man.D.It is very important for us to form healthy habits.42.According to the text, if we don’t have enough sleep, ________.A.we won’t live comfortably B.we will do our work correctly C.we will think properly D.we will be wise 43.Exercise is ________.29 A.to do something with the body B.to do more homework C.to do more drills(訓(xùn)練)D.to get up early in the morning 44.Why is exercise helpful for health? Because ________.A.it helps us to sleep properly.B.people will die soon if they do not have enough exercises C.it helps take nutrition(營養(yǎng))to every part of the body with blood circulation(血液循環(huán))D.it helps us to think and do our work properly.45.Why do people often sleep with their room window open? A.Because they want enough clean and fresh air to breathe.B.Because they feel hot at night.C.Because they want to look after their garden.三、英譯漢

1.Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning.This is not good for them.We must sleep at night when it is dark.The dark helps us to sleep well.When daytime comes, we must get up.It is the time for exercise.Exercise means doing something with the body.Walking, running, jumping, swimming, playing games are all good forms of exercise.If the body is not used, it becomes weak.Exercise keeps it strong.Exercise helps blood to move around inside the body.This is very important.Blood takes food to all parts of our bodies.The brains in our heads also need blood.We think with our brain.If we can keep our bodies healthy, and do exercises, we can think better!

2.What happens to feelings that are not expressed? Many people say they don’t just disappear.They continue to exist under the surface and may come out in other forms.Anger that we don’t express to others can become anger that we turn against ourselves.Fears that we don’t talk about may make us become afraid of all things.We may appear to be brave, but we are fearful and anxious inside.Hurts and disappointments that we never express may make us become too 30 careful about getting close to others.3.At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things.If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight.Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little.The panorama of color and action which fills the world is taken for granted.It is human perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as mere convenience rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.4.Which of your feelings do you let other people know about? Which do you keep to yourself? Sometimes it’s a good thing to say what you feel.At other times it’s better to keep quiet about your feelings.Sometimes it’s hard to know exactly what you feel.At other times feelings are so strong that you can not control them.People from different cultures have different ways of dealing with feelings.It is said that English people are cold.If they do feel anything, they will not let other people know.5.The little boy quietly went to his room and shut the door.The man sat down and started to get even madder about the little boy’s questioning.How dare he ask such questions only to get some money.After an hour or so, the man had calmed down, and started to think he may have been a little hard on his son.Maybe there was something he really needed to buy with that $10.00, and he really didn’t ask for money very often.The man went to the door of the little boy’s room and opened the door.―Are you asleep, son?‖ he asked.6.One hot summer day, Professor Rudd decided to take his children to the beach.The seaside town he planned to visit was a three-hour train ride away.To make the trip more interesting for his young children, he kept the name of the town a secret.Unfortunately, by the time Rudd had arrived at the train station, the poor forgetful man had forgotten the name of his destination

himself.Luckily, a friend of his happened to be in the station.He offered to take care of the children while Rudd went back home to find out where he was going.7.Tolerance will make everyone get on better with each other.Getting to know someone may help you understand why they do things differently.Something different does not exactly mean that it is bad.Tolerance teaches us to keep an even temper and open mind.You need to remember an old saying, ―treat others how you want to be treated‖.You would like to be treated kindly by your classmates, so it is important to treat them kindly too.If you tolerate something, it does not mean that you have to like it.Tolerance just means that you should respect the differences in others and not try to make them change.8.If you discover that you have problems getting along with your classmates or friends, the most important thing to learn is tolerance.Tolerance is the ability to realize and respect the differences in others.We can not change the way that other people do, so it is important to learn to live happily with them.Tolerance will make everyone get on better with each other.Getting to know someone may help you understand why they do things differently.Something different does not exactly mean that it is bad.Tolerance teaches us to keep an even temper and open mind.9.Later, after we turned in all the test papers, the teacher asked me to stay in the room.As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about what it meant to grow up;she mentioned how important it was to stand on your own feet and be responsible for my own acts.For a long time she talked about honesty and emphasized that when people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves.She made me promise that I wouldn’t think seriously about what she said, and then she told me I could leave.I walked out of the room wondering why she chose to talk to me about all these things.10.The home of bees is called a bee-hive.Here hundreds — even thousands — of bees live.32

They work day and night building small walls of wax.Here they make their honey.This is the same honey that we eat.Where does the honey come from? Bees live on food from flowers.Have you ever seen bees flying around a flower garden? When a bee rests on a flower, it tries to go to the center of it.There it takes in as much food as its body can hold.Then it carries the food back to the hive.11.Perhaps the best example of universally understood body language is the smile.A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.A smile can open doors and tear down walls.It can be used to express almost any emotion.We can use a smile to apologize, to greet someone, to ask for help or to start a conversation.We can smile at ourselves in the mirror to make ourselves feel happier and stronger.And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good friend.12.How do bees know where to find the best food in the sweetest flowers? One bee acts as a guide.When it discovers good flowers, it flies back to the hive to tell the others.It does this by dancing for them.The bee dances on one side.This tells the other bees which way to go to find the flowers, but that is not all.The bee dances for some time, and the length of its dance tells the other bees how far they must fly to reach the flowers.When the other bees see the dance, they know where the flowers are.They fly away and return with more food for the hive.33