第一篇：2014年新課標(biāo)英語Ⅱ卷

2014年新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷

英語

第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分40分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項。并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑．

A

Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband ,Rashid, in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.Late in the evening, the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath.My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.1.What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?

A.Go shoppingB.Find a house

C.Join his familyD.Take his family

2.The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from_______.A.a friend of his familyB.a Sydney policeman

C.a letter in his papersD.a stranger in Sydney

3.What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?

A.ShowedB.Sent out

C.DeliveredD.Gave back

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A.From India to Australia.B.Living in a New Country.C.Turning Trash to Treasure.D.In Search of New Friends.B

Since the first Earth Day in 1970,American have gotten a lot “greenter” toward the environment.“We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social1

movement.Business people, political leaders, university professors and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many ,many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first According to US government reports , emissions(排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with , the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “Green thinking ” has become part of practices.Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs ,;today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights ,motors , and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.Twenty –five years ago , there were hardly any education programs for environment.Today , it’s hard to find a public school , university , or law school that does not have such a kind of program.” Until we do that , nothing else will change!” say Bruce Anderson.According to Anderson , before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___

A the social movementB recycling techniques

C environmental problemsD the importance of Earth DayWhere does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?

A The grass –roots levelB The business circle

C Government officialsD University professorsWhat have Americans achieved in environmental protection ?

A They have cut car emissions to the lowest

B They have settled their environmental problems

C They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.D They have reduced pollution through effective measures.8.What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph ?

A EducationB Planning

C Green livingD CO reduction

C

One of the latest trend（趨勢）in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs.Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000 since 2004.And that’s true all across the country.“I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of s company, says of his 2-year old son.“I would at least like togive him the chance to use the language in the future,” After only six months of being cared by 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China.She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots.” Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接觸)the language and culture.” she says.“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of Children.” But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders.Complete mastery demands continued

learning until the age of 10 or 12.”

The popularity if au pairs from china has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese.It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.9.What does that term” au pair” in the text mean?

A.A mother raising her children on her own

B.A child learning a foreign language at home

C.A professor in language education of children

D.A young foreign woman taking care of children.10.Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ______.A.to live in China some dayB.to speak the language at home

C.to catch up wit other childrenD.to learn about the Chinese culture.11.What can we infer from the text?

A.Learning Chinese is becoming popular In America,B.Educated woman do better in looking after children

C.Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills.D.Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.D

Metro Pocket Guide

Metrorall(地鐵)

Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out.Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer.Farecard machines are in every station.Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.Open 5amMon-Fri7a.mSat-Sun

Close midnight Sun-Thur.3a.mSat-Sun

Last train times vary.To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train times Posted in stations.When paying with exact charge , the fare is $1.35.When paying with a SmarTrip?card, the fare is $1.25.Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare.On Metrorall and Metrobus,use a senior/disabled farecard or Smar/Trip ? card.For more information about buying senior/ disabled farecard, Small Trip?card and passes, please visit Metro Opens doors.com or call 202-637-700and 202-637-8000.Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Merorall services by calling 202-962-1100.· Avoid riding during weekday rush periods –before 9:30 a.m.and between 4and 6p.m.·If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost &Found at 202-962-1195,12.What should you know about farecard machines?

A.They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m.B.They are connected to change machines.C.They offer special service to the elderly.D.They make change for no more than $5.13.At what time does Metroarll stop service on Saturday ?

A.At midnight.B.At 3 a.m.C.At 5 a.m.D.At 7a.m.14.What is good about a SmarTrip?card ?

A.It is convenient for old people.B.It saves money for its users

C It can be bought at any trainD.It is sold on the Internet

15.Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?

A.202-962-1195B.202-962-1100

C.202-637-7000D.202-637-8000

Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule

From my experience , there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often:ability, I’ll save for another day.So today I want to give yousome wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spent in the kitchen.Here are three tipsfor great cooking on a tight schedule:

1.Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook.2.Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal , make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread?.It takes around thesame amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for future meal.your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!

A.Try new things.B.Ability is easily improved.C.Make three or four instead.D.Understand your food better.E.Cooking is a burden for many people.F.Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.第二部分英語知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）

第一節(jié) 完形填空（共20小題；每題1.5分，滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A, B, C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains.They reached the top 21_______, but on their way back conditions were

very 22_______.Joe fell and broke his leg.They both knew that if Simon 23_______ alone, he would probably get back 24_______.But Simon decided to risk his 25_______ and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope（繩）.As they 26_______ down, the weather got worse.Then another 27_______ occurred.They couldn’t see or hear each other and, 28_______, Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁）.It was 29_______ for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up.Joe’s 30_______ was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice.31_______, after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to 32_______.In tears, he cut the rope.Joe 33_______ into a large crevasse（裂縫）in the ice below.He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain.He couldn’t walk, but he 34_______ to get out of the crevasse and started to 35_______ towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers 36_______.Simon had 37_______ the camp at the foot of the mountain.He thought that Joe must be 38_______, but he didn’t want to leave 39_______.Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joe’s voice.He couldn’t 40_______ it.Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive.21.A.hurriedlyB.carefullyC.successfullyD.early

22.A.difficultB.similarC.specialD.normal

23..A.climbedB.workedC.restedD.continued

24.A.unwillinglyB.safelyC.slowlyD.regretfullyA.fortuneB.timeC.healthD.lifeA.layB.settledC.wentD.lookedA.damageB.stormC.changeD.trouble

28.A.by mistakeB.by chanceC.by choiceD.by luck

29.A.unnecessaryB.practicalC.importantD.impossible

30.A.heightB.weightC.strengthD.equipment

31.A.FinallyB.PatientlyC SurelyD Quickly

32.A stand backB take a restC make a decisionD hold on

33.A jumpedB.fellC escapedD backed

34.A.managedB.plannedC.waitedD.hoped

35.A.runB.skateC.moveD.march

36.A.aroundB.awayC.aboveD.along

37.A.headed forB.traveled toC.left forD.returned to

38.A.deadB.hurtC.weakD.late

39.A.secretlyB.tiredlyC.immediatelyD.anxiously

40.A.findB.believeC.makeD.accept

第二卷

注意：將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。

第三部分英語知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）

第二節(jié)（共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。some of them looked verythe window , so I had a good view of the sidewalk.A boy on

over his shoulder and shouting.Finally, when we came to the next stop , the boy ran up to the door of the bus.I heard an excited conversation.Then the driver stoop up and asked, “anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ?” A woman on the bus shouted , “Oh dear “（I）”.She pushed her way to the driver and to the little boy.Everyone on the bus began talking asudden）became friendly to one another.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）

第一節(jié) 短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）

假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處，每處僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（^），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。

注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m.and ends at 3:30 p.m.They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.We didn’t need to do so many homework.Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities.For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.My dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.We can lie on the grass for a rest , or sat by the lake listening music.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.They are not only our teachers but also our friends.第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）

一家英語報社向中學(xué)生征文，主題是“十年后的我”，請根據(jù)下列要點(diǎn)和你的暢想完成短文。

1.家庭：

2．工作：

3.業(yè)余生活。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右：

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫：

3.開頭語已為你寫好。

閱讀 1-5: BCDCC6-10: ADADD11-15: ADBBA16-20: BGCAF

完形 21-25: CADBD 26-30: CDADB31-35: ACBAC36-40: BDACB

語法填空41.being42.and43.disappointed44.to45.caught

46.to stop47.riding48.Did49.me /mine50.suddenly

第二篇：2013新課標(biāo)卷作文

新課標(biāo)卷作文 一位商人發(fā)現(xiàn)并買下了一塊晶瑩剔透，大如蛋黃的鉆石，他請專家檢驗，專家大加贊賞，但為鉆石中有道裂紋表示惋惜，并說：“如果沒有裂紋切割成兩塊，能使鉆石增值，只是一旦失敗，損失就大了?！痹鯓忧懈钸@塊鉆石呢？商人咨詢了很多切割師，他們都不愿動手，說風(fēng)險太大。

后來，一位技藝高超的老切割師答應(yīng)試試，他設(shè)計了周密的切割方案，然后指導(dǎo)年輕的徒弟動手操作。當(dāng)著商人的面，徒弟一下了就把鉆石切成了兩塊，商人捧起兩塊鉆石，十分感慨，老切割師說：“要有經(jīng)驗，技術(shù)，但更要有勇氣，不去想價值的事，手就不會發(fā)抖?！?/p>

放下顧慮 奮勇前行

放下顧慮，奮勇前行。它是“十年九旱逢甘霖”中的那場好雨，它是“長風(fēng)破浪會有時，直掛云帆濟(jì)滄海”中的那股勁風(fēng)，它是“沖天香陣連長安，滿城盡帶黃金甲”時的那場兵變。放下顧慮，奮勇前行，重要如斯。

商人發(fā)現(xiàn)的鉆石，請無數(shù)的切割師都不敢下手，而老切割師的徒弟卻一下子成功了。除了利用師傅的經(jīng)驗和技術(shù)，年輕徒弟的勇氣顯得尤為重要，正是由干他不去想價值的事，放下顧慮，奮勇前行.最終才獲得了成功。

放下顧慮，奮勇前行，你將收獲一片新的天地。

縱然無數(shù)人阻擋,縱然無數(shù)人反對，你毅然不顧。為了秦國，你日夜操勞；為了強(qiáng)盛，你絞盡腦汁。你的變法雖觸及了無數(shù)達(dá)官貴人的利益，卻為天下蒼生帶來了福祉?！爸问啦灰坏?，便國不法古”道出了你商鞅的心聲。你放下顧慮，奮勇前行，最終為秦國帶來了強(qiáng)盛，你也因此永載史冊。

放下顧慮，奮勇前行，你將領(lǐng)略到無限美景。

放下在美國安逸的生活，放下自己剛剛組建的家庭，放下無數(shù)人羨慕的工作，你只身回到北京，創(chuàng)建了“百度”公司。你懂得，既然選擇了，便只顧風(fēng)雨兼程。放下了顧慮的你，全身心地投入到工作中去。于是你讓“百度”成為了一個家喻戶曉的名字，你讓“百度”成為了全球最大的中文搜索網(wǎng)站。放下顧慮，奮勇前行的你收獲了人生事業(yè)的無限風(fēng)景。

放下顧慮，奮勇前行，你才可能東山再起。

你是被人稱頌為“生當(dāng)作人杰”的西楚霸王，你是破釜沉舟以少勝多的沙場將軍，你是火燒咸陽威風(fēng)傲世的英雄豪杰。當(dāng)十面埋伏，四面楚歌困你在烏江岸上時，你放不下西楚霸王的架子，你放不下常勝將軍的臉面，你害怕沫猴而冠的嘲笑，你顧忌江東父老的責(zé)怨。于是你止步不前，留萬世惜嘆。你沒有放下顧慮，你沒再奮勇前行，你失去了東山再起的機(jī)會。

司馬遷放下顧慮，奮勇前行，終有史筆留芳；陶淵明放下顧慮，奮勇前行，終譜田園詩魂；蘇東坡放下顧慮，奮勇前行，終留萬古文章。

你道是雨橫風(fēng)狂三月暮，我偏要何妨吟嘯且徐行。朋友，請放下顧慮，奮勇前行！

[簡評]本文著眼于“在經(jīng)驗技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上而放下顧慮，奮勇前行”，尤其強(qiáng)調(diào)“放下顧慮，奮勇前行”的重要性，立意切合題意且重點(diǎn)突出。在“放下顧慮，奮勇前行”的中心論點(diǎn)統(tǒng)帥下，文章又用了三個平行的分論點(diǎn)“放下顧慮，奮勇前行，你將收獲一片新的天地”，“放下顧慮，奮勇前行，你將領(lǐng)略到無限美景”，“放下顧慮，奮勇前行，你才可能東山再起”來多方面剖析，邏輯嚴(yán)密，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。論證過程中所舉事例為人熟知，甚至大多來自于中學(xué)語文課本，但例例各安其所，緊扣觀點(diǎn)，典型精辟，說理透徹。與結(jié)構(gòu)和選材相比，我最贊賞的是本文的語言。文章語言流暢優(yōu)美，富有文采，節(jié)奏鮮明，感情飽滿，使人讀來暢快淋漓。

成功三重奏

我相信，世界上沒有人不喜歡成功，但正如切開這珍貴的鉆石，只擁有經(jīng)驗、技術(shù)等某一方面都不足夠。我認(rèn)為，要想成功，就得如切割師所言，具備三點(diǎn)，即經(jīng)驗技術(shù)、勇氣與拋開雜念。

一重奏，廣泛涉獵，潛心鉆研，習(xí)得豐富的知識與技巧。

常言道：“沒有金剛鉆別攬瓷器活?！彼五ァ疤齑蠛幈鶊?，手指不可屈伸”，仍堅持讀書，才有了豐富的知識，也成為了大學(xué)士；李時珍遍探百草，十年如一日潛心鉆研，才著出聞名世界的《本草綱目》；無臂鋼琴家李偉同樣也是在經(jīng)歷了無數(shù)訓(xùn)練后才有了如今驚世的技巧?？梢姡氤晒?，首先就需要刻苦學(xué)習(xí)知識，潛心鉆研以提升自身經(jīng)驗技術(shù)，自身條件過硬是為成功奠基的。

二重奏，果敢前行，敢做敢拼，擁有一顆勇敢的心。

機(jī)遇對于懦弱者是深坑，對于勇敢者是天梯。機(jī)遇對于懦弱者固步自封，對于勇敢者是大步前行。倘若馬化騰沒有勇氣，他又怎么在創(chuàng)業(yè)初期，選擇投身看似無人問津的即時通訊領(lǐng)域，并從此開創(chuàng)了屬于自己的商業(yè)帝國？倘若鄧小平?jīng)]有勇氣，他又怎會在內(nèi)憂外患之時堅決叫停革命，轉(zhuǎn)而投身改革開放發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，并使中國騰飛？倘若小米公司沒有勇氣，又怎會有其投身低端市場，一舉創(chuàng)下效益冠軍的奇跡？所以，擁有勇氣打開束縛雙腳的鎖鏈，才可走向成功。

三重奏，拋開雜念，讓自己得一份純粹前行的動力。

歌德說：“自己最大的敵人永遠(yuǎn)是自己。”確實，往往阻礙一個人走向成功的正是其自身過多的雜念與憂慮。為什么眾多田園詩中，只有陶淵明“采菊東籬下，悠然見南山”獲得成功，為人稱道？為什么石油大王哈默可以在無人看好的荒地開機(jī)鉆井。又為什么克林斯曼總能踢入點(diǎn)球而保持記錄？我想正是因為他們心無雜念，并不過多去考慮自己能否成功，干這件事是否有意義，而是不懼失敗，一心前行。

可見，習(xí)得知識，擁有勇氣，拋開雜念，正如一部恢弘交響樂的三個奏章一般，層層切合，只有當(dāng)具備這三個要素時，才可奏出那通往成功的頌歌。所以，讓我們牢記這三點(diǎn)，在通往成功的道路上揚(yáng)帆起航！

【分?jǐn)?shù)】19+19+19=57

【現(xiàn)場簡評】題目借鑒器樂演奏術(shù)語，中心突出，內(nèi)容充實，中規(guī)中矩。

【名師點(diǎn)評】高分理由：有形象化的標(biāo)題，有清晰的結(jié)構(gòu)，有多種論證手法――引證、例證（概括事例論證）、喻證、道理論證、假設(shè)論證，立意準(zhǔn)確，內(nèi)容豐富，中心突出，說服力強(qiáng)。白璧微瑕：個別句子不夠通順，個別標(biāo)點(diǎn)有誤

第三篇：新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ卷

2013年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ卷）

文科綜合歷史部分試題

24．司馬遷著《史記》時，文獻(xiàn)關(guān)于黃帝的記述內(nèi)容不一甚至荒誕，有人據(jù)以否定黃帝的真實性。司馬遷游歷各地，常常遇到人們傳頌黃帝的事跡。有鑒于此，他從文獻(xiàn)中“擇其言尤雅者”，編成黃帝的事跡列于本紀(jì)之首。這一撰述過程表明 A．《史記》關(guān)于黃帝的記錄準(zhǔn)確可信 B．傳說一定程度上可以反映歷史真實 C．歷史文獻(xiàn)記錄應(yīng)當(dāng)與口頭傳說相印證 D．最完整的歷史文本記錄的歷史最真實

25．漢唐制定土地法規(guī)，限制私有大土地的發(fā)展，宋代一改此法，“不抑兼并”。據(jù)此可知宋代

A．中央集權(quán)弱化

B．流民問題嚴(yán)重 C．土地兼并緩和

D．自耕小農(nóng)衰退 26．明朝有人描述在廣東大庾嶺所見：“蓋北貨過南者，悉皆金帛輕細(xì)之物；南貨過北者，悉皆鹽鐵粗重之類。過南者月無百馱，過北者日有數(shù)千?！边@表明當(dāng)時 A．嶺南經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展程度高于北方

B．嶺南是商人活動的主要地區(qū) C．以物易物是商貿(mào)的主要方式

D．區(qū)域差異造成長途貿(mào)易興盛 27．清代有學(xué)者說：“古有儒、釋、道三教，自明以來，又多一教，曰小說??士大夫、農(nóng)、工、商賈，無不習(xí)聞之，以至兒童、婦女不識字者，亦皆聞而如見之，是其教較之儒、釋、道而更廣也?！边@表明

A．小說成為一種新的宗教傳播載體

B．小說的興起沖擊了封建等級觀念 C．市民階層擴(kuò)大推動世俗文化發(fā)展

D．世俗文化整合了社會的價值觀念 28．“藍(lán)臉的竇爾敦盜御馬，紅臉的關(guān)公戰(zhàn)長沙，黃臉的典韋白臉的曹操，黑臉的張飛叫喳喳?！本﹦∷囆g(shù)中人物的臉譜

A．真實再現(xiàn)了客觀歷史

B．固化了大眾的歷史認(rèn)知 C．正確評斷了歷史人物

D．提升了歷史人物的價值

29．1877年，清政府采納駐英公使郭嵩燾的建議，在新加坡設(shè)立領(lǐng)事館。此后，又在美國舊金山，日本橫濱、神戶、大阪及南洋華僑聚居的商埠設(shè)立了領(lǐng)事館。這反映了清政府 A．力圖擺脫不平等條約的約束

B．外交上開始出現(xiàn)制度性變化 C．逐步向近代外交轉(zhuǎn)變 D．國際地位得到提高 30．抗日戰(zhàn)爭期間，湖北省政府曾發(fā)布《湖北省減租實施辦法》，在農(nóng)村推行以“減租”為內(nèi)容的土地改革并取得一定成效，但未得到國民黨中央的肯定。這表明當(dāng)時國民黨中央 A．放棄了對農(nóng)村原有土地制度的保護(hù)

B．阻止地方政府進(jìn)行土地政策的調(diào)整 C．無力控制地方政府的行為

D．無意改變農(nóng)村的生產(chǎn)關(guān)系

31．新中國成立之初，全國各高校遵照中央政府要求開設(shè)公共必修課，恩格斯所著《勞動在從猿到人轉(zhuǎn)變過程中的作用》成為指定教科書，文化部還舉辦了以“從猿到人”等為宣傳主題的大型科學(xué)知識展覽會。其主要目的是

A．構(gòu)建與國家政權(quán)相適應(yīng)的意識形態(tài)

B．確立馬克思主義在全黨的指導(dǎo)地位 C．用科學(xué)文化知識破除封建迷信思想

D．探索引導(dǎo)宣傳輿論工作的全新形式

32．公元前340年，雅典一下層女子因褻瀆神靈被控犯罪，按法律當(dāng)處死。辯護(hù)人用動情的言辭質(zhì)問：“難道你們?nèi)绦淖屵@位阿芙羅狄特（古希臘美麗女神）的弟子香消玉殞嗎？”這打動了陪審團(tuán)。經(jīng)投票，陪審法庭判其無罪。這反映出在古代雅典 A．民主原則貫穿司法過程

B．婦女享有廣泛政治權(quán)利 C．法律注重保護(hù)平民權(quán)益

D．司法審判缺乏嚴(yán)格程序 33．華盛頓在1787年3月致麥迪遜的信中說：“凡是有判斷能力的人，都不會否認(rèn)對現(xiàn)行制度進(jìn)行徹底變革是必需的。我迫切希望這一問題能在全體會議上加以討論。”這里所說的“徹底變革”是指

A．革除聯(lián)邦體制的弊端

B．建立三權(quán)分立的共和體制 C．廢除君主立憲制

D．改變松散的邦聯(lián)體制

34．19世紀(jì)晚期德國的現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程中，經(jīng)濟(jì)突飛猛進(jìn)與政治民主發(fā)展滯后形成巨大反差。出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因在于

A．皇權(quán)與貴族結(jié)盟掌握政權(quán)

B．國家分裂阻礙政治民主化 C．經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展消解政治改革訴求

D．對外戰(zhàn)爭影響國內(nèi)民主進(jìn)程 35．1931年，斯大林說：“我們比先進(jìn)國家落后了50—100年，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)在10年內(nèi)跑完這段距離。”這一思想

A．完全符合當(dāng)時的蘇聯(lián)國情

B．推動了蘇聯(lián)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式的形成 C．與戰(zhàn)時共產(chǎn)主義政策一致

D．延續(xù)了新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的精神

第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）

40．（25分）閱讀材料，完成下列要求。

材料一

第一次世界大戰(zhàn)前，有不少學(xué)者對愛因斯坦的學(xué)說持懷疑態(tài)度。1919年，英國科學(xué)家愛丁頓對日全食的觀測結(jié)果證實了愛因斯坦的理論，引起巨大轟動，世界范圍的愛因斯坦熱接踵而至。荷蘭、捷克斯洛伐克、奧地利、美國、英國、法國、日本等國先后邀請他前往講學(xué)。在中國，梁啟超發(fā)起成立的講學(xué)社曾擬邀請愛因斯坦來華講學(xué)。北京大學(xué)校長蔡元培亦發(fā)出邀請，并得到其本人應(yīng)允。雖然愛因斯坦因故未能成行，但相對論卻在中國廣泛傳播。從1917年到1923年，各種報刊登載相對論的論著、譯文、通訊、報告和文獻(xiàn)不下百篇，出版譯著15種左右。

——摘編自阿爾布雷希特〃弗爾辛《愛因斯坦傳》等

材料二

愛因斯坦熱在中國方興未艾之際，正是國內(nèi)東方文化與西方文化問題論戰(zhàn)正酣之時。以梁啟超為代表的部分知識分子認(rèn)為，東方文明與西方文明是兩種不同類型的文明，前者以道德文明為核心，后者以科學(xué)精神為核心。梁啟超前往歐洲考察一年多，1920年回國后寫道：?一百年物質(zhì)的進(jìn)步，比從前三千年所得還加幾倍。我們?nèi)祟惒晃]有得著幸福，倒反帶來許多災(zāi)難。好像沙漠中失路的旅人，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)望見個大黑影，拼命往前趕，以為可以靠他向?qū)?。那知趕上幾程，影子卻不見了，因此無限凄惶失望。影子是誰？就是這位‘科學(xué)先生’。歐洲人做了一場科學(xué)萬能的大夢，到如今卻叫起科學(xué)破產(chǎn)來……我們可愛的青年啊，立正！開步走！大海對岸那邊有好幾萬萬人，愁著物質(zhì)文明破產(chǎn)，哀哀欲絕的喊救命，等著你來超拔他哩！我們在天的祖宗、三大圣（孔子、老子、墨子）和許多前輩，眼巴巴盼望你完成他的事業(yè)，正在拿他的精神來加佑你哩。?

——摘編自李喜所、元青《梁啟超傳》等

（1）根據(jù)材料一并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識，說明愛因斯坦熱興起的原因。（8分）

（2）根據(jù)材料一、二并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識，指出當(dāng)時中國知識界對西方科學(xué)的態(tài)度，并予以評析。（17分）41．（12分）閱讀材料，完成下列要求。

材料

圖7 太和殿，清朝皇帝治國理政的場所

圖8 白金漢宮（左）和唐寧街10號（右），自18世紀(jì)中期至今分別為英國王宮和首相官邸

提取材料中的信息，結(jié)合所學(xué)知識，從建筑和政治關(guān)系的角度進(jìn)行中英比較。

請從下面所給的45、46、47、48四道歷史題中任選一題作答，并用2B鉛筆在答題卡上將所選題目對應(yīng)的題號方框涂黑，按所涂題號進(jìn)行評分；不涂、多涂均按所答第一題評分；多答按所答第一題評分。45．（15分）歷史上重大改革回眸 材料

唐前期，繼續(xù)推行北魏以來的?均田制?。在此基礎(chǔ)上，實行租庸調(diào)制，?有田則有租（田租），有家則有調(diào)（納絹布等），有身則有庸（每丁每年服力役二旬，若不服役則納布帛等代替）?。庸和調(diào)在整個國家財政中占據(jù)重要地位。唐中期以后，隨著人口增加，土地兼并加劇，均田制急劇崩壞，租庸調(diào)制難以維持。?有幼未成丁，而承襲世資，家累千金者，乃薄賦之；又有年齒已壯，而身居窮約，家無臵錐者，乃厚賦之，豈不背謬！?百姓舉家逃亡，規(guī)避賦稅，被稱為?客戶?。

公元780年，唐朝推行兩稅法：以國家財政開支所需為總額，所謂?量出以制入?。所有民戶在現(xiàn)居地登記，根據(jù)財產(chǎn)情況定戶等，按戶等高低交納賦稅，?戶無主客，以見居為簿；人無丁中，以貧富為差?。分夏秋兩季征收，?不居處而行商者，在所郡縣稅三十之一?。結(jié)果?賦不加斂而增入，版籍不造而得其虛實，貪吏不誠而奸無所取，自是輕重之權(quán)，始?xì)w于朝廷?。每戶負(fù)擔(dān)并未增加，但國家財政總收入增加，對戶口的掌握也更為準(zhǔn)確，?天下便之?。

——摘編自白壽彝總主編《中國通史》等

（1）根據(jù)材料，概括指出兩稅法改革的背景。（6分）

（2）根據(jù)材料并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識，說明兩稅法與唐前期的賦役制度相比有哪些積極作用。（9分）

46．（15分）近代社會的民主思想與實踐

材料

縣設(shè)六十議員，是謂縣議員；府設(shè)六十議員，是謂府議員；省設(shè)六十議員，是謂省議員。縣議員于秀才中選擇其人，公舉者平民主之……府議員于舉人中選擇其人，公舉者秀才主之……省議員于進(jìn)士中選擇其人，公舉者舉人主之……公舉法：凡男子二十歲以上，除喑啞盲聾以及殘疾者外，其人能讀書明理者，則予以公舉之權(quán)……興革之事，官有所欲為，則謀之于議員，議員有所欲為，亦謀之于官，皆以敘議之法為之，官與議員意合，然后定其從違也。從違既定，乃由縣詳府；府議員意合，則由府詳省；省議員意合，則詳于君；君意合，則書名頒行；意不合，則令其再議。若事有不能衷于一是者，則視議員中可之者否之者之人數(shù)多寡，而以人多者為是，所謂從眾也。推之，凡軍國大政，其權(quán)雖出于君上，而度支轉(zhuǎn)餉，其議先詢諸庶民，是真為政者矣。

——何啟、胡啟垣：《新政論議》（1895年）

（1）概括指出材料中民主設(shè)計方案的主要原則。（10分）

（2）根據(jù)材料并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識，簡析該方案在中國近代民主進(jìn)程中的意義。（5分）

47．（15分）20世紀(jì)的戰(zhàn)爭與和平

材料

第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，反法西斯盟國組成軍事法庭，在德國紐倫堡和日本東京分別對戰(zhàn)犯進(jìn)行了審判。該審判原則于1946年12月11日經(jīng)聯(lián)合國大會通過，1950年，聯(lián)合國國際法委員會據(jù)此制定了《紐倫堡原則》，其內(nèi)容有：

從事構(gòu)成違反國際法的犯罪行為的人承擔(dān)個人責(zé)任，并因而應(yīng)受懲罰。違反國際法應(yīng)受處罰的罪行是：

（一）反和平罪：計劃、準(zhǔn)備、發(fā)起或進(jìn)行侵略戰(zhàn)爭或破壞國際條約、協(xié)定或承諾的戰(zhàn)爭；

（二）戰(zhàn)爭犯罪：違反戰(zhàn)爭法規(guī)或習(xí)慣，出于某種目的或在占領(lǐng)區(qū)內(nèi)，實施包括但不限于謀殺、虐待或奴役平民居民，謀殺、虐待戰(zhàn)俘；

（三）反人道罪：對任何平民居民進(jìn)行謀殺、生物實驗、放逐和其他非人道行為，或基于政治、種族、宗教背景的迫害，而此類行為已實施或此類迫害已執(zhí)行或此類行為與任何反和平罪或任何戰(zhàn)爭犯罪相關(guān)聯(lián)。

——摘編自何勤華《紐倫堡審判》

（1）根據(jù)材料并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識，指出第一次世界大戰(zhàn)后和第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后懲處的戰(zhàn)爭責(zé)任對象有何不同。（5分）

（2）根據(jù)材料并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識，概括說明《紐倫堡原則》的意義。（10分）

48．（15分）中外歷史人物評說

材料一

中國古代有功臣配享制度，即一個皇帝逝去后，要在已故臣僚中選取功勛卓著的大臣陪祀其廟庭。功臣配享皇帝，是朝廷對該大臣的最高評價。北宋神宗時，王安石?變風(fēng)俗，立法度?，主導(dǎo)了政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等方面的改革。哲宗紹圣初年，詔?王安石配享神宗皇帝廟庭?。南宋建炎初，有人提出?自紹圣以來，學(xué)術(shù)政事敗壞殘酷，致禍社稷，其源實出于安石?。于是，?罷安石配饗神宗廟庭?。

——摘編自白壽彝總主編《中國通史》

材料二

《宋史》記熙豐（宋神宗年號熙寧、元豐）事實者，成于南渡以后史官之手，而元人因而襲之，皆反對黨之言，不可征信。今于其污蔑荊公（王安石）處，皆一一詳辯之……荊公不僅為中國大政治家，亦為中國大文學(xué)家。

——摘自梁啟超《王荊公》（1908年）

（1）根據(jù)材料一，分別指出兩宋對王安石的評價及其主要理由。（6分）（2）根據(jù)材料二并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識，指出梁啟超重新評價王安石的目的及采用的方法。（9分）

第四篇：2012年高考英語新課標(biāo)卷聽力原文

聽力原文

第一節(jié) Man: Excuse me, Madam? Woman: Yes? Man: How long can I keep the book? Woman: For one month.Please make sure you return the book before it’s due.第二節(jié) Man: Hurry up, Jenny.It’s already seven.We’ll be late for the film.Woman: Don’t worry dear, we still have twenty minutes.And it takes us only fifteen minutes to

get there.We’ll be there just in time.第三節(jié) Man: I heard on the radio that it’ll be sunny during the holiday weekend.Maybe we can take a trip to Boston.Woman: That sounds great.I’ll call Jean to see if she likes to join us.第四節(jié) Woman: It’s nearly eight.If you want to catch the nine o’clock train, you’d better go now.Man: Don’t worry.I’ll drive to the station.Woman: In that case, let me go with you.And you drop me off at the city center.I’ll go to the open market.第五節(jié) Woman: I’m sorry, the cake is late.We’ll do better next time, I promise.Man: Well, I’m sorry too.You have to take it back.The birthday party is over and we don’t need the cake any more.第六節(jié) Woman: Oh, it’s broken!Jacky is not going to be happy when he sees this.It’s his favorite CD!He’ll tell mum.Man: Please Kathy, can I borrow ten dollars? I’ll buy him a new one and I will clean up your room.第七節(jié) Woman: How did you like the dishes, Sir? Man: Delicious.Everything was excellent here.Thank you!Woman: Do you want some coffee, tea, sir? Man: No.thanks, I’m fine.Ah, just have the bill, please.How much is your service charge? Woman: Fifteen percent and it’s included in your bill.Thank you very much, sir.We look forward to seeing you again.Man: Sure, good night.第八節(jié) Woman: Can I help you? Man: Yes.My daughter bought this camera here for my wife’s birthday.But it doesn’t work.So I’d like to change it for another one.Woman: I see.Let me have a look.Well, we’ll be happy to change it for you.But I am afraid we don’t have another pink one.Man: Oh? What will I do then? Woman: Would you like to choose a different color? We do have this camera in black and orange.Man: My wife doesn’t like either of those colors.Woman: If you want, we can order another camera just like this one.There wouldn’t be any extra charge for it.Man: That sounds fine.Would you please go ahead and do that? Woman: We’d be very happy to but it’ll take at least a week.Maybe ten days.We’ll call you when it comes in.Man: Thank you very much.Woman: You are welcome.第九節(jié) Woman: Hi, Joe!Many people in our department are leaving for Thanksgiving.What are you going to do? Man: I think I’ll just stay at home.I may see some friends and watch a few DVDs.And I probably would go to the Ottawa Car Show.What about you, Ariel? What’s your plan? Woman: I am going to do some traveling with my family.Man: Oh, where to? Woman: Toronto.And on our way, we’re going to visit my aunt, Valley, in Kingston.Man: That’s exciting.How long do you plan to stay? Woman: Two days.I have a get-together party with my college friends on the tenth in Toronto.Oh, I’m afraid I’ve got to go now.My husband is waiting for me.And we’ll have to pick up Daniel from school.Have a nice holiday, Joe!Man: Thank you.You too!第十節(jié) Where can you look if you want to know how tall the tallest person in the world is, or who the oldest person in the world is? There is only one place where you’ll find all these information, and that’s in the Guinness Book of World Records.This morning we have someone from the Guinness Company that produced that famous book, Thomas Manning.“Welcome to the program, Thomas!” “Thanks, Sue.It’s a pleasure to be here.” “Perhaps you could start by telling us where the idea for the book came from.” “Well, it was first suggested in the early 1950s.Sir Hugh Beaver, the managing director of Guinness, was out shooting birds with some friends.A bird flew away so quickly that no one was able to shoot it.Sir Hugh wondered whether this bird was the fastest bird in Europe, and if it wasn’t the fastest, he wondered what was.” “So I suppose he went to the nearest library to look for the information and he couldn’t find it?” “Yes, that’s exactly what happened.And this made Sir Hugh think there must be other people in the same situation who wanted this kind of information.He thought that, like himself, people would be interested in finding facts of all records to satisfy their curiosity.” “So the idea for a book of records was born.And when did the first book come out?”“A few years later, in 1955.So, to ask your first question: the tallest person in the world is 231.7cm tall.And the oldest person is Jeanne.L.Calment, who was born in February, 1875.” “There are also some rather strange records, aren’t there, Thomas?” “Yes ,that’s right.Did you know, Sue, that the shortest time it is taken …”

第五篇：2014年高考英語新課標(biāo)卷變化解讀

2014年高考英語新課標(biāo)卷變化解讀

2014年高考考綱英語是自從2007年國家實施新課標(biāo)高考以來變化最大的一次；涉及重大題型改革，此舉對我國基礎(chǔ)英語教育將產(chǎn)生重大影響和正面反撥效應(yīng)。

此次變革主要反映在以下方面：

一、詞匯量的要求提高。

原來的詞匯量要求為3000左右，而2014年高考英語的詞匯量要求為3500左右。

二、題型的重大變化。

原來一直延用的單選題（共15小題，每題1分）被徹底刪除。而在2014年高考英語考卷中被替換成了語篇填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分），其實是語篇型語法填空。要求在一篇200詞左右的語言材料中留出10個空白，部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式，要求考生根據(jù)上下文填寫空白處所需的內(nèi)容（不多于3個單詞）或所提供單詞的正確形式。此題型不僅考察單詞、短語、搭配、句式，而且考察語法。并且被編排在了試卷第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用的第二節(jié)。

三、2014年高考英語試卷的版塊位置有較大調(diào)整。

原來的高考試卷第一卷的順序為：聽力、單選、完形填空和閱讀理解（包括七選五），第二卷的順序為：改錯和書面表達(dá)。而2014年高考英語試卷每個版塊的編排為：第一卷：第一部分：聽力、第二部分：閱讀理解（包括七選五）、第三部分：英語知識運(yùn)用（第一節(jié)：完形填空）。第二卷：第三部分英語知識運(yùn)用（第二節(jié)：語篇填空）、第四部分：寫作（改錯和書面表達(dá)）。

這些變化其實可以歸結(jié)為：

一、對詞匯量的要求提高。

二、主觀題的分值加大。

這些變革其實是高考指揮棒對目前應(yīng)試英語教育的修正的重大一步。原先的英語試卷大部分為選擇題，而主觀題的分值很小。現(xiàn)在變革后，主觀題的分值加大，使得對考生實際英語掌握和應(yīng)用能力的考察更為準(zhǔn)確。原先的選擇題的考察語境是句子，而新題型的考察語境是語篇，使得語境真實性和應(yīng)用性加強(qiáng)，對考生的語境分析能力和語言運(yùn)用的準(zhǔn)確性提出了更高要求。這就使得原本靠蒙、考慮不全面、不細(xì)心、語言的真實語境掌握不準(zhǔn)、詞匯量小、單詞拼寫不準(zhǔn)確不規(guī)范不美觀、篇章閱讀能力差的考生，在新題型面前無所適從，無所躲藏，失分較大。所以，針對這一情況，對策如下：

一、安撫考生情緒，使他們認(rèn)識到雖然在考前如此短的時間內(nèi)出臺了新改革措施，但是大家起點(diǎn)一樣，機(jī)會均等，且總體難度不大，甚至有所降低。因為雖然把單選換成了主觀題，但是在語言考察的難度方面有所降低，過于高級、較為生僻的單詞或表達(dá)很難在新題型中被設(shè)置語境考察。就近段時間學(xué)生做新題型的反應(yīng)來看，他們認(rèn)為這一題型是初中的舊題型，且做時雖然因為經(jīng)驗不足、考慮不全面等會有失分，但總體來說覺得新題型的被考查語言的難度反而是降低了。用他們的話來說就是：幸福來得太突然了。所以不必過分恐慌、怨聲載道。教師也不要過分強(qiáng)調(diào)每日的新題型的練習(xí)量，表現(xiàn)要從容不迫，認(rèn)真扎實。

二、加強(qiáng)教研，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生不斷感知、反思、總結(jié)新題型的做題規(guī)律和方法。因為變成了主觀題，靈活性增強(qiáng)。通過領(lǐng)悟考綱精神和教研使教師了解新題型的做題要求，通過教研不斷總結(jié)新題型的做題規(guī)律和做題方法，修正做題思路。而對學(xué)生，則需讓他們在親身體驗的基礎(chǔ)上，由教師引導(dǎo)，自己去感知、反思和總結(jié)。這樣的訓(xùn)練才會讓他們印象深刻，扎實有效。

三、加大閱讀，加重高考前對語言的鞏固復(fù)習(xí)。教師根據(jù)各自班級情況制定詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)計劃和檢測，督促學(xué)生自覺認(rèn)真地去復(fù)習(xí)掌握。新題型的填空不是只要求單詞拼寫過關(guān)，而

是對語言語境的準(zhǔn)確掌握。所以要求學(xué)生在日常復(fù)習(xí)中不僅要加大單詞拼寫的復(fù)習(xí)，而且要重視單詞、短語、搭配、句式及語法的語境復(fù)習(xí)。這體現(xiàn)在早讀時要加大重點(diǎn)例句和語篇的閱讀。原有的語法復(fù)習(xí)資料雖然是填空題，但語言規(guī)則語法項目是一致的。所以，即使是舊的復(fù)習(xí)資料也要重視復(fù)習(xí)。進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)卷面和書寫規(guī)范。作為一項主觀題，卷面和書寫規(guī)范性的重要性自然是容易理解。特別是書寫規(guī)范。這體現(xiàn)在在日常復(fù)習(xí)中，強(qiáng)調(diào)字母書寫的規(guī)范性，字體的大小適中，無嚴(yán)重涂抹等。

四、按照新題型的版塊順序仿真訓(xùn)練。因為時間緊急，目前現(xiàn)有的新資料只是單純把單選換成了填空，而沒調(diào)整順序。這樣的訓(xùn)練其實還是不夠仿真，不符合實際要求。不該簡單要求教師和學(xué)生自己調(diào)整順序。因為這樣還是沒有效率的。

五、希望學(xué)校和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能夠作好信息和資源支持。使教師們?nèi)耸忠槐拘驴荚嚧缶V。及時、快速地反饋新題型的各種信息，保質(zhì)保量新題型下的考試復(fù)習(xí)資料，及其它的支持。

相信在這些努力下，我校今年的高考英語成績一定會再創(chuàng)輝煌。