Web前端開(kāi)發(fā)培訓(xùn)中es5與es6語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié) 時(shí)間:2019-05-12 15:20:44 收藏本文下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳 簡(jiǎn)介:寫(xiě)寫(xiě)幫文庫(kù)小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《Web前端開(kāi)發(fā)培訓(xùn)中es5與es6語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)》,但愿對(duì)你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫(xiě)寫(xiě)幫文庫(kù)還可以找到更多《Web前端開(kāi)發(fā)培訓(xùn)中es5與es6語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)》。 第一篇:Web前端開(kāi)發(fā)培訓(xùn)中es5與es6語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié) Web前端開(kāi)發(fā)培訓(xùn)中es5與es6語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(百讀易萊勝)熱點(diǎn):web前端開(kāi)發(fā)培訓(xùn)百讀易萊勝官網(wǎng)前端開(kāi)發(fā)易萊勝官網(wǎng)#es6的寫(xiě)法:1.利用import...form....代替require()方式一:導(dǎo)入一個(gè)js模塊并且要接收一個(gè)對(duì)象require寫(xiě)法: var calc = require(“ calc.js ”)import寫(xiě)法: import calc form “calc.js”方式二: 導(dǎo)入一個(gè)css文件,不接收對(duì)象require寫(xiě)法: require(“site.css”)import寫(xiě)法:import “site.css”2.對(duì)象的寫(xiě)法導(dǎo)出一個(gè)模塊對(duì)象es5的寫(xiě)法:module.exports = {add:add,substrict:substrict}導(dǎo)出一個(gè)模塊對(duì)象es6的寫(xiě)法:module.exports = {add,substrict}注意:這種寫(xiě)法必須是屬性名和屬性值變量是同一個(gè),否則要分開(kāi)寫(xiě)module.exports = {addFn:add,substrict}一個(gè)對(duì)象中方法的寫(xiě)法導(dǎo)出一個(gè)模塊對(duì)象es5的寫(xiě)法:module.exports = {addFun:function(x,y){return x+ y;}}導(dǎo)出一個(gè)模塊對(duì)象es6的寫(xiě)法:module.exports = {addFun(x,y){return x+ y;}} 導(dǎo)出對(duì)象的寫(xiě)法 function add(){} function substrict(){} 方法一es5導(dǎo)出寫(xiě)法:module.exports.add = add;module.exports.substrict = substrict;導(dǎo)入寫(xiě)法:var calc = require(“./calc.js”);es6導(dǎo)出寫(xiě)法:export function add(){} export function substrict(){} 方法二es5導(dǎo)出寫(xiě)法:module.exports = { add:add, substrict:substrict} es6導(dǎo)出寫(xiě)法: export default{add,substrict }es6導(dǎo)入寫(xiě)法//表示取得calc.js中所有顯示出來(lái)的對(duì)象 import calc from “./calc.js”//只獲取到calc.js中的add方法(按需獲?。﹊mport {add} from ”./calc.js"第二篇:web前端開(kāi)發(fā)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)HTML知識(shí)總結(jié)span行級(jí)元素,多個(gè)同行塊級(jí)元素,獨(dú)占一行塊級(jí)元素,前后保留一行標(biāo)題標(biāo)簽,h1~h6表6個(gè)等級(jí),加粗,前后保留一行width:設(shè)置寬度height:設(shè)置高度alt:圖片加載失敗顯示的文本div文本類(lèi)ph圖片標(biāo)簽imgcolor:顏色水平線常用標(biāo)簽hrsize:高度(粗細(xì))width:寬度(長(zhǎng)度)herf:超鏈接轉(zhuǎn)到的地址超鏈接atarget_self:默認(rèn)值,在當(dāng)前頁(yè)面打開(kāi)_blank:在新窗口打開(kāi)帶標(biāo)題的框fieldsetlegend設(shè)置標(biāo)題disc:實(shí)心圓無(wú)序列表列表標(biāo)簽有序列表ulsquare:小方塊olcircle:空心圓tr表示行th表示標(biāo)題單元格,居中、加粗td表格標(biāo)簽caption表示一個(gè)單元格表示標(biāo)題,定義在第一行,居中rowspan設(shè)置單元格占的行數(shù)colspan設(shè)置單元格占的列數(shù)action表單提交地址get:顯示提交參數(shù),將參數(shù)用?和&拼接到url上帶到服務(wù)器端methodpost:隱式提交參數(shù)optgroup 表示分組,分組不能選,只能選分組中的option下拉菜單selected默認(rèn)選中multiple 設(shè)置下拉菜單為多選模式表單項(xiàng)rows: 顯示文本的行數(shù)(高度)文本域cols: 顯示文本的列數(shù)(寬度)name:參數(shù)名size:顯示字符長(zhǎng)度(控制文本框長(zhǎng)度)maxlength:最大可輸入字符數(shù)input文本框type=“text”placeholder:提示內(nèi)容disabled:不會(huì)被提交到服務(wù)器readonly:只讀(會(huì)被提交到服務(wù)器)value:默認(rèn)值密碼框type=“password”單選按鈕type=“radio”復(fù)選框type=“checkbox”文件選擇框type=“file”按鈕type=“button”提交type=“submit”checked:默認(rèn)選中input按鈕重置type=“reset”noresize:不能改變框架大小frame:表示框架scolling:是否顯示滾動(dòng)條(yes、no、auto)設(shè)置框架集在縱向上的拆分策略設(shè)置框架集在橫向上的拆分策略rowscolsborder框架集框架邊框的寬度borderColor框架邊框顏色frameBorder設(shè)置框架是否有邊框(yes|no)_blank:新窗口中打開(kāi)_self:在當(dāng)前窗口打開(kāi)框架集中的超鏈接打開(kāi)方式target_parent:父窗口中打開(kāi)_top在最頂層窗口中打開(kāi)frameName:在對(duì)應(yīng)name框架打開(kāi)ifame在頁(yè)面中嵌入框架dl、dt、dd其他標(biāo)簽數(shù)碼 手機(jī) marquee:滾動(dòng)標(biāo)簽shape=“circle”coords=“309,257,20”target=“_blank”href=“http://5新標(biāo)簽number:數(shù)字輸入date picker:日期選擇datalist:自動(dòng)提示sichuanchongqingguangzhoushanghaibeijingtianjinvideo:動(dòng)畫(huà)媒體radio:音頻autocomplete:是否關(guān)閉自動(dòng)提示(off |on)html5新標(biāo)簽autofocus: 自動(dòng)獲得焦點(diǎn)required: 表示控件必須輸入內(nèi)容controls : 播放控制條autoplay :自動(dòng)播放loop :循環(huán)播放preload :預(yù)加載,如果設(shè)置了autoplay,就可以不用設(shè)置preloadCSS知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)內(nèi)聯(lián):直接在標(biāo)簽的style屬性上編寫(xiě)樣式樣式定義方式樣式塊:在style標(biāo)簽中編寫(xiě)樣式塊,并通過(guò)一定規(guī)則(選擇器)應(yīng)用到對(duì)應(yīng)的那些標(biāo)簽上(通常寫(xiě)在head中)外部樣式文件:將樣式塊編寫(xiě)在外部的css文件中(不用寫(xiě)style標(biāo)簽)* 在需要使用樣式的頁(yè)面通過(guò)link標(biāo)簽引入樣式文件(通常寫(xiě)在head中)id選擇器#xxx 針對(duì)id為xxx的標(biāo)簽類(lèi)選擇器.xxx 針對(duì)class屬性為xxx的標(biāo)簽標(biāo)簽選擇xxx 針對(duì)標(biāo)簽名為xxx的標(biāo)簽*選擇器選擇所有元素選擇器后代元素關(guān)系選擇selector1 selector2 {...} 針對(duì)selector1下的所有的selector2子元素關(guān)系選擇selector1 > selector2 {...} 只針對(duì)selector1的selector2子元素(如果有后代selector2元素則不會(huì)應(yīng)用)緊鄰兄弟關(guān)系選擇selector1 + selector2 {...} 只針對(duì)緊接在selector1后的selector2元素所有隨后的兄弟關(guān)系selector1 ~ selector2 {...} 針對(duì)selector1后的所有的selector2兄弟元素color:字體顏色font-size:字體大小font-family:字體樣式字體font-weight: bolder(加粗)| normal(不加粗)font-style: 設(shè)置字體傾斜(normal | italic | oblique)*italic和oblique實(shí)際顯示效果幾乎一致font-variant: 設(shè)置字體顯示為小型大寫(xiě)字母text-align: 水平對(duì)齊方式(left | center | right)常用屬性vertical-align: 垂直對(duì)齊方式(top | middle |bottom)line-height: 設(shè)置行高(通常用于設(shè)置文本居中)white-space: nowrap 不換行, pre 當(dāng)做pre標(biāo)簽border: 邊框(1px solidred)文本width: 寬度underline 下劃線height: 高度overline 上劃線text-decoration: 文本裝飾line-through 貫穿線(刪除線)blink 閃爍none 無(wú)dtext-shadow: 3px 3px 5px red;第一個(gè)參數(shù): 陰影水平位置(x軸上的偏移量)text-shadow: 文本陰影第二個(gè)參數(shù): 陰影垂直位置(y軸上的偏移量)第三個(gè)參數(shù): 模糊程度第四個(gè)參數(shù): 陰影顏色padding:內(nèi)邊距padding: xxpx;padding: xxpx xxpx;padding: xxpx xxpx xxpx;padding: xxpx xxpx xxpx xxpx;padding: auto;padding: xxpx auto;padding-toppadding-leftpadding-rightpadding-bottom盒子模型margin:外邊距margin: xxpx;margin: xxpx xxpx;margin: xxpx xxpx xxpx;margin: xxpx xxpx xxpx xxpx;margin: auto;margin: xxpx auto;margin-topmargin-leftmargin-rightmargin-bottomborder:邊框color:顏色;width:寬度;style:outset|inset|solid|double|dottedborder-radius: 10px;/* 同時(shí)設(shè)置4個(gè)角*/background-color: 背景顏色background-image: 背景圖片background-repeat: no-repeat | repeat-x |repeat-y | repeat背景background-position: xxxpx xxpx | xx%xx%;(可以為負(fù)數(shù))background-size: xxxpx xxpx | xx% xx% |cover | contain;(不能為負(fù)數(shù))cover: 拉伸,可以超出contain: 拉伸不能超出background-attachment: scroll(隨著內(nèi)容一起滾動(dòng))| fixed(不滾動(dòng))hidden:隱藏scroll:滾動(dòng)overflow:當(dāng)內(nèi)容溢出時(shí)的處理方式visible:直接顯示auto:如果溢出就滾動(dòng),否則不顯示滾動(dòng)條visible 顯示visibility:設(shè)置元素是否顯示hidden 隱藏,保留占位none:隱藏,不保留占位block:設(shè)置為塊級(jí)元素display:設(shè)置元素是否顯示inline:設(shè)置為行級(jí)元素布局inline-block:設(shè)置為行內(nèi)塊元素left 左浮動(dòng)float: 浮動(dòng)right 右浮動(dòng)none 不浮動(dòng)left 不允許左邊有浮動(dòng)clear: 清除浮動(dòng)right 不允許右邊有浮動(dòng)both 不允許兩邊有浮動(dòng)ul或ol 自帶樣式:列表樣式list-style-type: 列表項(xiàng)的樣式margin: 16px 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px40px;absolute:如果有父元素被定位按照父元素的原點(diǎn)進(jìn)行定位,否則按照瀏覽器原點(diǎn)進(jìn)行定位position定位z-index: 設(shè)置z軸的值,越大越在最前relative:相對(duì)定位參照元素本身的位置fixed:固定位置,不會(huì)滾動(dòng)link 超鏈接默認(rèn)樣式hover 鼠標(biāo)懸停樣式active 鼠標(biāo)點(diǎn)擊樣式visited 訪問(wèn)之后的樣式(主要控制顏色)偽類(lèi)focus 獲得輸入焦點(diǎn)的樣式first-child 第一個(gè)元素last-child 最后一個(gè)元素:not 不包含指定的選擇器:noly-child 是父元素的唯一子元素cursor 鼠標(biāo)樣式其他樣式box-shadow 陰影translate:平移rotate:旋轉(zhuǎn)transform:變換scale:縮放skew:扭曲matrix:以變換矩陣變換第一個(gè)值表示需要過(guò)渡的樣式屬性transition 過(guò)渡transition:transform2s,background-color.5s;第二個(gè)值表示整個(gè)過(guò)渡過(guò)程需要的時(shí)間第三個(gè)值表示過(guò)渡時(shí)的貝塞爾曲線第四個(gè)值表示延遲多久才開(kāi)始過(guò)渡animation 動(dòng)畫(huà)@keyfarmes 關(guān)鍵幀用于定義動(dòng)畫(huà)的細(xì)節(jié)(每一幀如何顯示)@keyframes myanimation {0% { background-color: #cfc;}30% {background-color: #ccf;border-radius: 50px;}80% {width: 300px;background-color: #fcc;}100% {width: 300px;height: 300px;background-color: #000;}}@-o-keyframes myanimation {}@-ms-keyframes myanimation {}@-moz-keyframes myanimation {}@-webkit-keyframes myanimation {}需要顯示動(dòng)畫(huà)的地方通過(guò)animation屬性來(lái)使用聲明的關(guān)鍵幀.ac:active {animation: myanimation 5s;-o-animation: myanimation 5s;-ms-animation: myanimation 5s;-moz-animation: myanimation 5s;-webkit-animation: myanimation 5s;}opacity透明度從0.0 ~ 1.0 0.0完全透明,1.0 完全不透明瀏覽器兼容前綴-webkit-chrome,safari, opera-o-opera-moz-firefox-ms-ie(ie9以上)JavaScriptjavascript代碼必須包含在標(biāo)簽中也可以書(shū)寫(xiě)到外部的.js文件中,通過(guò)來(lái)引入script標(biāo)簽只能同時(shí)做一件事情.如果既有src屬性也包含代碼則只會(huì)執(zhí)行外部文件的代碼通過(guò)alert來(lái)彈出提示框通過(guò)document.write來(lái)輸入文本到頁(yè)面上(可以輸入標(biāo)簽)Number: 數(shù)值型整數(shù)和小數(shù)Boolean: 布爾型(true |false)String: 字符串字符串必須被”“或''包含必須對(duì)稱(chēng)如果字符串中包含引號(hào)可以單引號(hào)中包含雙引號(hào)或者是雙引號(hào)中包含單引號(hào)也可以使用'來(lái)表示一個(gè)單引號(hào)”來(lái)表示一個(gè)雙引號(hào)n 表示換行數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型t 表示制表符表示書(shū)寫(xiě)方式NaN: Not A Number 當(dāng)使用非數(shù)字來(lái)進(jìn)行運(yùn)算時(shí)的值undefied: 未定義null: 空值substring 截取子串, 從start到end-1處,如果沒(méi)指定end則取到最后一個(gè)字符toUpperCase 將所有字符變成大寫(xiě)toLowerCase 將所有字符變成小寫(xiě)indexOf 查找子串首次出現(xiàn)的位置, 如果找不到則返回-1字符串處理lastIndexOf 查找子串最后一次出現(xiàn)的位置, 如果找不到則返回-1charAt 取指定位置上的字符slice 也是取子串,效果和substring一樣可以用-1,-2,-3...從末尾開(kāi)始計(jì)數(shù)split 將字符串按照指定的字符進(jìn)行拆分成為數(shù)組獲取當(dāng)前時(shí)間var now = new Date()獲取指定時(shí)間的日期對(duì)象var date = new Date(yyyy,MM,dd,HH,mm,ss)設(shè)置指定時(shí)間(將時(shí)間對(duì)象設(shè)置為一個(gè)指定時(shí)間)now.setFullYear(yyyy,MM,dd,HH,mm,ss)now.setMonth日期Datenow.setDatenow.setHours...獲取指定時(shí)間信息now.getFullYear()// 年只能取出年份,如: 2015now.getMonth // 月0-11月now.getDate // 日now.getDay // 星期0-6(0表示星期天)now.getHours // 時(shí)24小時(shí)制now.getMinutes // 分now.getSeconds // 秒now.getMilliseconds// 毫秒通過(guò)new Array()來(lái)創(chuàng)建數(shù)組var names = new Array();var names = new Array(“小王”, “大王”, “炸彈”);// 創(chuàng)建時(shí)給數(shù)組設(shè)置默認(rèn)值//用json格式表示數(shù)組var names = [];var names = [“小王”, “大王”, “炸彈”];數(shù)組Array可以通過(guò)length來(lái)設(shè)置或獲取數(shù)組的長(zhǎng)度push : 往數(shù)組末尾添加元素pop: 刪除并返回?cái)?shù)組的最后一個(gè)元素unshift: 往數(shù)組的開(kāi)頭添加元素shift: 刪除并返回?cái)?shù)組的第一個(gè)元素reverse: 顛倒數(shù)組順序sort: 按“字符串”的自然排序規(guī)則進(jìn)行升序splice: 刪除指定位置處的指定個(gè)數(shù)元素并將第三個(gè)參數(shù)之后的參數(shù)添加到被刪除位置(設(shè)置第二個(gè)參數(shù)為0則實(shí)現(xiàn)只添加不刪除, 之傳入兩個(gè)參數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)只刪除不添加)slice: 獲取start到end處的子數(shù)組join: 將數(shù)組元素以指定分隔符進(jìn)行連接成為字符串function xxx(....){聲明函數(shù)....}var xxx = function(...){...函數(shù)變量}var ooo = xxx;ooo();函數(shù)function fn(fx){fx();將函數(shù)作為參數(shù)}fn(function(){...});(function(...){立即執(zhí)行函數(shù)....})(...);getElementById 根據(jù)id獲取唯一的元素var xx = document.getElementById(“xx”);DOM(Document Object Model)文檔對(duì)象模型獲取元素getElementsByTagName 根據(jù)標(biāo)簽名獲取元素?cái)?shù)組onclick 鼠標(biāo)點(diǎn)擊事件getElementsByClassName 根據(jù)類(lèi)獲取元素?cái)?shù)組(如果元素被改變了class值將會(huì)從數(shù)組中刪除)onmouseover 鼠標(biāo)進(jìn)入事件onmouseout 鼠標(biāo)離開(kāi)事件onmousemove 鼠標(biāo)被移動(dòng)onmousedown 鼠標(biāo)按鈕被按下事件機(jī)制onmouseup 鼠標(biāo)按鈕被松開(kāi)onkeydown 某個(gè)鍵盤(pán)按鍵被按下onkeyup某個(gè)鍵盤(pán)按鍵被松開(kāi)onload 一張頁(yè)面或圖像被完成加載onchange 域的內(nèi)容被改變onfocus 元素獲得焦點(diǎn)onblur 元素失去焦點(diǎn)setTimeout: 延遲執(zhí)行(只會(huì)執(zhí)行一次)var xx = setTimeout(xxx, 1000);setTimeout(“fn();”, 3000);BOM(Browser Object Model)window清除使用clearTimeout(xx);setInterval: 定時(shí)執(zhí)行(間隔指定時(shí)間循環(huán)執(zhí)行)xx.offsetLeft獲取元素的位置和尺寸(只讀)xx.offsetTopxx.offsetWidthxx.offsetHeightvar xx = setInterval(xxx,1000);清除使用clearInterval(xx);[] 表示[]中的字符任意取一個(gè)在[] 中的^ 表示非不包含該字符()表示將多個(gè)表達(dá)式合并為一個(gè)表達(dá)式在()中的|表示將兩個(gè)匹配條件進(jìn)行邏輯“或”(Or)運(yùn)算。+ 前一個(gè)表達(dá)式出現(xiàn)至少一次1~n {1,}* 前一個(gè)表達(dá)式出現(xiàn)任意次0~n {0,}? 前一個(gè)表達(dá)式出現(xiàn)0~1次{0,1}{n} 前一個(gè)表達(dá)式出現(xiàn)n次{n,} 前一個(gè)表達(dá)式出現(xiàn)至少n次{n,m} 前一個(gè)表達(dá)式出現(xiàn)n~m次.任意字符(不包含rn)正則表達(dá)式^ 匹配字符串的開(kāi)頭$ 匹配字符串的結(jié)尾w 表示一個(gè)任意的單詞字符包括_ [a-zA-Z0-9_] * 不包含破折號(hào)W 對(duì)w取反(不包含單詞字符)[^a-zA-Z0-9_]d 表示一個(gè)數(shù)字字符[0-9]D 對(duì)d取反[^0-9]s 表示一個(gè)任意空白字符空格中文狀態(tài)的空格制表符全角空格S 對(duì)s取反非空格n 換行符b 單詞邊界B 不是單詞邊界(對(duì)b取反)eval執(zhí)行字符串形式的代碼。for(var i in array){var item = array[i];}for(var key in obj){var value = obj[key];}迭代數(shù)組迭代出的值為數(shù)組的下標(biāo)for...in迭代對(duì)象迭代出的值為對(duì)象的屬性名其他with設(shè)置以某個(gè)對(duì)象為代碼塊作用域?qū)ο?/p>delete attribute刪除屬性isNaN如果被判斷值不是一個(gè)數(shù)字則返回true,否則為false第三篇:前端開(kāi)發(fā)中一些常用技巧總結(jié)前端開(kāi)發(fā)中一些常用技巧總結(jié)自己前端開(kāi)發(fā)中常用到的一些技巧及問(wèn)題解決方法,會(huì)常更新,希望對(duì)前端路上的朋友有幫助.1.文章標(biāo)題列表中日期居右顯示的兩種方法,方法A相對(duì)方法B省資源,但比方法B要多寫(xiě)兩句代碼,使用時(shí)請(qǐng)視情況而定: 方法A(經(jīng)典論壇ariesjia提供的思路.感謝~): @Mr.Think這是文章標(biāo)題2010-10-10 然后定義p和span的樣式: p{position:relative}p span{position:absolute;right:0} 方法B: 2010-10-10@Mr.Think這是文章標(biāo)題 然后定義span右浮動(dòng): p span{float:right}其實(shí)這兩種方法可以延伸到很多情況下,很實(shí)用的一種寫(xiě)法;2.web標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中,同一頁(yè)面中只能有一個(gè)h1標(biāo)簽.很多人知道這個(gè)概念,但做到的卻很少;3.空白外邊距互相疊加的問(wèn)題:一般通過(guò)添加透明邊框或者1px的內(nèi)邊距避免.詳細(xì)解讀:http://mrthink.net/css-margin-overlying-way/;4.ie6下max/min-width/height實(shí)現(xiàn),_width: expression(this.width >600 ? “600px” : true);,height同理.5.html/class/id,最好統(tǒng)一以小寫(xiě)書(shū)寫(xiě),這樣更嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)(符合x(chóng)html標(biāo)準(zhǔn));6.不推薦用下面代碼兼容IE8: 如果是非短期性頁(yè)面,盡量避免使用,頁(yè)面應(yīng)盡可能保證向后兼容.更多兼容方法請(qǐng)?jiān)敿?xì)閱讀: http://mrthink.net/cssandhtml-hack-mainbrower/7.空div在IE(FF中沒(méi)有)是有默認(rèn)高度的,可以用定義:div { witdh:100%;background:#9c0;font-size:0}的方式去掉默認(rèn)高度;8.在使用table標(biāo)簽時(shí)應(yīng)該盡可能的利用它本身的屬性,最大限度的分離結(jié)構(gòu)與樣式.詳細(xì)解讀:http://mrthink.net/csshtml-colgroup-col-style/;9.充分利用表單中l(wèi)abel標(biāo)簽提升用戶(hù)體驗(yàn);這一點(diǎn)對(duì)于頁(yè)面中那些小的選項(xiàng)框,以及對(duì)殘障人士閱讀網(wǎng)站都有好處.細(xì)節(jié)是用戶(hù)體驗(yàn)的第一步;10.fieldset, legend標(biāo)簽, 鮮為人知,卻很實(shí)用的一組標(biāo)簽;它可以很明了的把一組元素框起來(lái),主要用于表單;11.optgroup標(biāo)簽,鮮為人知,它對(duì)提升選擇表單用戶(hù)體驗(yàn)很有幫助.作用? 就是可以在有很多選項(xiàng)時(shí),對(duì)這些選項(xiàng)分組: one select two select three select four select 效果演示:12.表單都要加name值,name值是一個(gè)標(biāo)示,不同于id,據(jù)我所發(fā)現(xiàn),若是未定義name值,非IE瀏覽器下是無(wú)法通過(guò)document.formid獲取到表單元素的.請(qǐng)看如下代碼及注釋: ......第四篇:英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語(yǔ)法總結(jié)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語(yǔ)法總結(jié) 必修1 核心單詞 1.add vt.& vi.增加;加;加起來(lái);補(bǔ)充說(shuō); 又說(shuō) 常用結(jié)構(gòu):add to增添;增加;增進(jìn)add...to...把……增添到…… add up合計(jì),相加add up to總數(shù)為;總計(jì)為He added some wood to increase the fire.他添了一些木柴,使火更旺些。If you add 4 to 3 you get 7.四加三得七。Unit 1 Friendship Page No.11 Page No.12 ①解析:選C??疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。句意為:我要說(shuō)的就是這些,約翰你還有什么要補(bǔ)充的嗎? ②解析:選D。add to的意思是―添加到‖。2.upset adj.心煩意亂的;不安的;不適的vt.(upset, upset)使不安;使心煩;打翻;打亂 聯(lián)想拓展be upset by...被…… 打亂upset oneself about sth.為某事煩惱Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit.她一來(lái)把我們周末的安排給打亂了。Don‘t upset yourself — no harm has been done.不要難過(guò)——并沒(méi)有造成任何傷害。He was horribly upset over her illness.他為她的病而憂(yōu)心忡忡。The students really upset her.學(xué)生們著實(shí)讓她煩惱。高手過(guò)招用upset的適當(dāng)形式填空(原創(chuàng))①The foodmy stomach.②She felt ratheron hearing the news.③Is it anmessage? ④Don‘t be.It will be OK.①u(mài)pset ②upset ③upsetting ④upset 3.ignore vt.不理睬;忽視I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely.我向她打招呼,可是她根本不理我。He ignored the speed limit and drove very fast.他不顧時(shí)速限制,把車(chē)開(kāi)得飛快。聯(lián)想拓展ignorant adj.(對(duì)某事物)不了解的;無(wú)知的;無(wú)學(xué)識(shí)的 be ignorant of/about sth.不知道;沒(méi)有意識(shí)到 ignorance n.無(wú)知;愚昧;不知道be in ignorance of/about sth.不知道某事易混辨析ignore/neglect/overlook ignore 通常指有意不顧,或不理會(huì)顯而易見(jiàn)的事物。neglect 側(cè)重指有意的忽略或忽視,也可指粗心與疏忽。overlook指因匆忙而疏忽或視而不見(jiàn)。高手過(guò)招(1)用ignore/neglect/overlook的適當(dāng)形式填空(原創(chuàng))①We could not afford tosuch a serious offence.②He utterlymy warnings and met with an accident.③Don‘tto pay him a visit now and then.(1)①overlook ②ignored ③neglect(2)單項(xiàng)填空—So you didn‘t say hello to him last night?—Well, I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but heme and walked on.模)A.IgnoredB.refusedC.deniedD.missed Page No.15(2)解析:選A。答句句意為:我看到他就停下來(lái)沖他微笑,但是 他沒(méi)理我就走了。ignore不理睬,忽視;refuse拒絕;deny否認(rèn),拒絕給予;miss懷念,錯(cuò)過(guò)。4.concern n.[U]關(guān)心,擔(dān)心,擔(dān)憂(yōu);[C]有利害關(guān)系的事vt.涉及,關(guān)系到,參與;使擔(dān)心 聯(lián)想拓展concerningprep.關(guān)于concernedadj.有關(guān)的;擔(dān)心的 concern sb.與某人有關(guān)be concerned with sth.牽涉,與……有關(guān);參與 concern oneself with 關(guān)心be concerned about/for/over sth.擔(dān)心;關(guān)心某事as/so far as...be concerned關(guān)于;至于;就……而言 As far as I am concerned, you can go wherever you want.就我而言,你什么時(shí)候走都行。We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.我們讀了關(guān)于天外來(lái)客的故事。I was very concerned about my mother‘s illness.我很擔(dān)心母親的病情。2010·杭州一(高手過(guò)招(1)單項(xiàng)填空The meeting was concernedreforms and everyone present was concernedtheir own interests.(2010·福建廈門(mén)雙十中學(xué)檢測(cè))A.with;for B.for;which C.for;aboutD.about;with(2)用concern的適當(dāng)形式填空(原創(chuàng))①There is an article thatthe rise of the prices.②The children are ratherabout their mother‘s health.③Officials shouldthemselvespublic affairs.(1)解析:選A。句意為:這次會(huì)議牽涉到改革,在場(chǎng)的每個(gè)人都很擔(dān)心自己的利益。be concerned with 牽涉到,和……有關(guān);be concerned for/about擔(dān)心;關(guān)心。(2)①concerns ②concerned ③concern;with 5.settle vi.安家;定居;停留 vt.使定居;安排;解決Both wanted to settle their scores.雙方都愿意盡棄前嫌。常用結(jié)構(gòu):settle down 鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái) settle in 在……定居He settled his child in a corner of the compartment.他把孩子安頓在車(chē)廂的一個(gè)角落里。The family has settled in Canada.這家人已定居加拿大。Page No.18 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①—Do you know anyone in Paris? —No.I‘ll make friends once.(2010·福建廈門(mén)六中檢測(cè))A.I‘m settledB.I have settled C.I‘ll be settledD.I‘m settling ②The brake of your bicycle has come loose.You‘d better it.(2010·陜西西安交大附中)A.settleB.fix C.pickD.correct ①解析:選A。settle作―安家‖講時(shí),既可用settle,也可用be settled。本題是由once(一旦)引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。②解析:選B。由句意可知,因?yàn)樽孕熊?chē)的車(chē)閘壞了,因此要―修理‖。Page No.19 6.suffer vt.遭受;忍受;蒙受vi.后接from/for意為―受……之苦‖,―患……疾病‖ 常用結(jié)構(gòu):suffer an attack/a defeat/losses/pains 遭受打擊/失敗/損失/痛苦 He suffered hard pains from the accident.他忍受著事故帶來(lái)的痛苦。Do you suffer from headaches? 你經(jīng)常頭痛嗎?She‘s suffering from loss of memory.她患有遺忘癥。聯(lián)想拓展sufferer n.受苦者,受難者 suffering n.痛苦,苦難Page No.20 高手過(guò)招(1)單項(xiàng)填空In the countryside there are many dropouts(輟學(xué)者).I think the poor economic conditions.(2010·浙江嘉興一輪檢測(cè))A.lies inB.result in C.leads toD.suffers from(2)翻譯句子我們?cè)诮鹑谖C(jī)中損失慘重。(1)解析:選A??疾槎陶Z(yǔ)辨析。lie in在這里相當(dāng)于because of。(2)We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.Page No.21 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 7.go through 經(jīng)歷;經(jīng)受;檢查;瀏覽;用完;做完 The country has gone through too many wars.這個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。She‘s gone through a bad patch recently.她最近經(jīng)歷了一段困難時(shí)期。Have you gone through all your money already? 你把所有的錢(qián)都花完了嗎?I went through the students‘ papers last night.昨晚我仔細(xì)閱讀了學(xué)生的試卷。聯(lián)想拓展go after追求;追趕go ahead 前進(jìn);請(qǐng)說(shuō)(做)吧 go by走過(guò);(時(shí)間)過(guò)去 go along with向前;(與......)一起去 go in for愛(ài)好;從事 Page No.22 go out 外出;(燈,火)熄滅 go over 越過(guò);復(fù)習(xí)go through with 做完;完成go up 爬上;(價(jià)格等)上升 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①We‘d better try towith the experiment, I think.Now let‘sthe difficultywith it.(2010·河南許昌一模)A.go through;go onB.go on;go over C.go over;go throughD.go on;go through ②If a person has taken too much medicine by mistake, you should make the person.(2010·平頂山一中月考)A.go upB.rise up C.throw upD.set up Page No.23 ①解析:選A。go through with sth.意思是―做完,完成‖;go on with 意思是―繼續(xù)‖。②解析:選C。throw up的意思是―嘔吐;吐出‖。8.get sth.done 讓別人做某事/使得某事被做done是過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),與have sth.done句型的用法一樣。get sb./sth.doing使某人/某事物……起來(lái) get sb.to do sth.使/讓某人做某事get done(狀態(tài)的改變)get作系動(dòng)詞,相當(dāng)于be get away逃脫;離開(kāi) get back回來(lái);取回 get by維持生活;通過(guò)get down to sth./doing sth.開(kāi)始認(rèn)真做某事 get in進(jìn)站;到達(dá);收集 get off下來(lái);下車(chē)get on上車(chē);進(jìn)展;進(jìn)步 Page No.24 get cross(對(duì)……)生氣,發(fā)脾氣 get in one‘s way擋路,妨礙 get used to doing sth.習(xí)慣做某事 get involved in涉及get in touch with和……取得聯(lián)系 get it了解,懂得,明白 高手過(guò)招(1)單項(xiàng)填空The final examination is coming up soon.It‘s time for us toour studies.焦作一中月考)A.get down toB.get out C.get back forD.get over(2)完成句子(原創(chuàng))①講解后,老師讓我們思考起問(wèn)題來(lái)。Shortly after the explanation the teacher got us.Page No.25 ②我們將很快為你訂制一套新衣服。We will get a new suitfor you.③她試圖使他說(shuō)話(huà)。She tried to get him.2010·河南((1)解析:選A。該題根據(jù)交際情景考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。根據(jù)題意,此處指開(kāi)始認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí),故選A。get down to開(kāi)始認(rèn)真考慮,符合題意。get out出去,離開(kāi),逃脫,泄露;get back for回來(lái),恢復(fù);get over爬過(guò);克服,熬過(guò);恢復(fù),原諒。故B、C、D三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。(2)①thinking ②made ③to talk 9.set down 放下;記下;登記Passengers may be set down and picked up only at the official stops.乘客只有在正式車(chē)站方可上下車(chē)。Page No.26 聯(lián)想拓展set about(doing sth.)著手(做某事)set out(to do sth.)開(kāi)始,著手(做某事)set aside留出;不顧set back(把鐘等)往回?fù)埽煌七t set free釋放;解放set off動(dòng)身,出發(fā)(去某地);使爆炸 set out動(dòng)身,出發(fā);安排,組織 set up開(kāi)辦;建立;設(shè)立 set an example to樹(shù)立榜樣set fire to...= set...on fire縱火燒 be set in以……為背景The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks.由于天氣惡劣,建筑計(jì)劃延誤了好幾個(gè)星期。We need to set about finding a solution.我們得著手尋找一個(gè)解決辦法。Page No.27 溫馨提示set about 和set out都可作―開(kāi)始/著手做某事‖講,但set about 后加doing sth.,加 to do sth.。高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空As soon as he got to the office, he the students‘ papers.(2010·山東濟(jì)南一中月考)A.got down to correct B.got down to correcting C.set down to correcting D.sit down to correcting解析:選B。get down to意思是―著手做某事‖,其中to是介詞,后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞。Page No.28 10.on purpose 故意The boy broke Jack‘s window on purpose.He wanted to frighten Jack.那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的,他想嚇一下杰克。而set out后 聯(lián)想拓展purpose n.目的,用途;目標(biāo);重要意義 for the purpose of 為了……to little/no purpose 作用不大/徒勞The purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.這本書(shū)的目的是全面介紹這所大學(xué)。高手過(guò)招用purpose的適當(dāng)形式或短語(yǔ)填空(原創(chuàng))①He didn‘t do it.②What was your? ①on purpose ②purpose Page No.29 11.join in 參加;加入They didn‘t have enough time to join in the activity.他們沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間來(lái)參加這個(gè)活動(dòng)。聯(lián)想拓展join sb.in sth.與某人一起做某事 join up入伍;參軍join up with sb.與某人聯(lián)合;會(huì)合join hands with sb.與某人拉起手來(lái);合伙;聯(lián)合Will you join me in a walk? 你愿意和我一起散步嗎? Let us join hands in friendship.讓我們攜手共建友誼吧。Page No.30 易混辨析join in/join/take part in/attend join in 參加正在進(jìn)行著的活動(dòng)。如游戲、討論、辯論、談話(huà)等。join ①參加某組織或團(tuán)體,并成為其中一員;②來(lái)和某人待在一起。take part in 參加會(huì)議或有組織的群眾性活動(dòng),并在其中發(fā)揮一定的作用。attend 正式用語(yǔ),指參加會(huì)議、儀式、婚禮、葬禮、上課、上學(xué)、聽(tīng)報(bào)告等,句子的主語(yǔ)是去聽(tīng)去看,自己不一定起積極作用,相當(dāng)于be present。高手過(guò)招用join/join in/take part in/attend的適當(dāng)形式填空(原創(chuàng))①I(mǎi) decided tothe club to have dance training.②Would you like meto the game? ③Ia meeting last month.④I will have tohis funeral next week.①join ②join in ③took part in/attended ④attend Page No.31 重點(diǎn)句型12....but your friend can‘t go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle.……但是你的朋友不把自行車(chē)弄干凈不能走。not...until 意為―直到……才‖,表示主句謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作直到until狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)間才發(fā)生,主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的是動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始。until引導(dǎo)從句時(shí),如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作,則主句用肯定式;如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是短暫性動(dòng)詞,則用否定形式。―It is/was not until+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that...‖相當(dāng)于―Not until...did(does, do, is...)+主語(yǔ)...‖意為―直到……才‖,是強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。You must stay in bed until your temperature is normal.體溫正常后,你才能起床。He didn‘t leave until the meeting was over.直到會(huì)議結(jié)束他才離開(kāi)。Page No.32 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star.=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star.=I didn‘t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.直到她摘下墨鏡我才認(rèn)出她是一位電影明星。高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①Not until,settle the problem.(2010·濰坊一輪驗(yàn)收)A.he returns;can weB.he returns;we canC.does he returns;we canD.does he return;we can ②It wasback home after the experiment.A.not until midnight did he go B.until midnight that he didn‘t go C.not until midnight that he went D.until midnight when he didn‘t go Page No.33 ①解析:選A。當(dāng)not until位于句首時(shí)句子需倒裝。句意為:直到他回來(lái)我們才能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。②解析:選C。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is/was...that對(duì)not until...進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),需把not until...放到強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中,故選C。13.While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.遛狗的時(shí)候,你太大意了,一松手,狗就被車(chē)撞了。while walking the dog是連詞while加現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生,相當(dāng)于while you were walking the dog。在時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致,謂語(yǔ)含有系動(dòng)詞be,可以省略從句的主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞be。When crossing the street, you should be careful.過(guò)馬路時(shí),你應(yīng)當(dāng)小心。If heated, water can be turned into vapour.如果受熱,水會(huì)變成蒸氣。Page No.34 溫馨提示在狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果從句的主語(yǔ)為it時(shí),也可以將it和助動(dòng)詞be省略。Whenever possible they would stop him and ask the three questions.可能的話(huà),他們就讓他停下問(wèn)他這三個(gè)問(wèn)題。高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.(2010·山東萊州檢測(cè))A.ComparesB.When comparing C.ComparingD.When compared ②the two systems, little man found the latter advantageous.(原創(chuàng))A.CompareB.When compared C.ComparedD.When comparing Page No.35 ①解析:選D。考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略用法。在狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同或者主語(yǔ)為it時(shí),可以將從句中的主語(yǔ)或者it和助動(dòng)詞be省略。本句是將狀語(yǔ)從句―When it is compared with the size of the whole earth‖中的it is省略,因此正確答案為D。②解析:選D??键c(diǎn)省略。在狀語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致,且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí),通常采用省略形式。句中的little man與compare之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故選D。14.I wonder if it‘s because I haven‘t been able to be outdoors for so long that I‘ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲议L(zhǎng)久無(wú)法出門(mén)的緣故,我變得對(duì)一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無(wú)比狂熱。此句中的it‘s...that是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。關(guān)于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,我們需要掌握以下幾點(diǎn): Page No.36(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu):―It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分+that/who+其他成分‖用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等成分。that只起連接作用,不作成分,但不能省略。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為sb.作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可用who,也可用that,其他情況一律用that。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí),that后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)與數(shù)上保持一致。(2)特殊句式中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型: ①如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是特殊疑問(wèn)句中的疑問(wèn)詞,表示―到底‖、―究竟‖等語(yǔ)氣時(shí),就用如下結(jié)構(gòu): ―特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is/was+it+that/who+該句的其余部分‖,that/who后只能使用陳述語(yǔ)序。②在―not...until‖結(jié)構(gòu)中,由until所引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)(或從句)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),要用固定的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:―It+is/was+not until...+that+該句的其余部分‖,that所引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。Page No.37(3)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型要注意和it代表時(shí)間、距離、溫度、自然現(xiàn)象、具體事物或人物等時(shí)所構(gòu)成的各種句型的區(qū)別。判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,可采用―還原法‖。如果還原為一般句式后,句子各種成分完整,則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,否則不是。It was three o‘clock when I got home.我到家的時(shí)候三點(diǎn)。It was at three o‘clock that I got home.三點(diǎn)鐘我到的家。It was in his town that he was brought up.他是在鎮(zhèn)上被養(yǎng)大的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)It was this town where/in which he was brought up.這是他被撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大的城鎮(zhèn)。(定語(yǔ)從句)(4)英語(yǔ)中常用助動(dòng)詞do, does或did強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)。He did go to the airport yesterday, but he didn‘t find you.他昨天確實(shí)去了機(jī)場(chǎng),但他沒(méi)有找到你。Page No.38 It is I that/who am going for a holiday with Mary.是我跟瑪麗一塊兒去度假。When is it that we will have a meeting? 我們什么時(shí)候開(kāi)會(huì)? 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空It is in that poor village,Mary lived and worked 15 years ago,she will build her first school, which inspires everyone to help her.(原創(chuàng))A.where;whenB.that;that C.that;whenD.where;that 解析:選D。句意為:就是在那個(gè)她生活和工作了15年的貧窮的村莊,瑪麗將要建起她的第一座學(xué)校,這一點(diǎn)鼓舞了人們來(lái)幫她。第一空為where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,第二空填that,構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。Page No.39 15.I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do...我不愿像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水賬……as引導(dǎo)的從句為比較狀語(yǔ)從句,意為―像大多數(shù)人那么做‖。as 用作連詞,可引導(dǎo)下列狀語(yǔ)從句: ①引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語(yǔ)與從句謂語(yǔ)的同時(shí)性; ②引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,表示―盡管,雖然,即使‖(從句需倒裝); ③引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句,表示―以……方式‖; ④引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句(=since;because),意為―由于,因?yàn)椤?⑤引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句。As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.隨著他年紀(jì)越來(lái)越大,他失去了對(duì)所有事物的興趣,除了園藝。Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt.盡管天氣冷,我哥哥只穿了一件襯衫。Page No.40 Why didn't you take the medicine as I told you to? 為什么你沒(méi)有按我說(shuō)的來(lái)服這種藥? As you were not there, I left a message.因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)你不在那,所以我給你留了便條。She is as tall as you.她和你一樣高。高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①as he is, he speaks English well.(2010·山西太原一中月考)A.Little childB.A little child C.The little childD.Child little ②In some countries,are called ―public schools‖ are not owned by the public.(2010·11·江西新余一中質(zhì)量檢測(cè))A.whichB.asC.whatD.that Page No.41 ①解析:選B。在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,作表語(yǔ)的名詞如果提前,該名詞常省去冠詞,但若名詞前有修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),就不省略冠詞。②解析:選C。考查what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。what在主語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。句意為:在許多國(guó)家,所謂的公立學(xué)校并非公眾擁有。16....it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face...……這是我一年半以來(lái)第一次目睹夜晚……如果前面是―it(will be)is/this(will be)is/that(will be)is+the first/second time that...‖句式,表示―某人第幾次做某事‖。其中,that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,后面句子的時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);如果前面是it(would be)was..., 后面則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。It is the first time that I have come to Zhuhai.這是我第一次來(lái)珠海。It was the second time that she had visited London.那是她第二次游覽倫敦。Page No.42 溫馨提示如果time前有l(wèi)ast修飾,此時(shí)我們一般不用完成時(shí)態(tài)。注意:the first time可起從屬連詞的作用,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;for the first time意為―第一次‖單獨(dú)用作狀語(yǔ)。This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.這是我最后一次給你們上課了。高手過(guò)招(1)單項(xiàng)填空 ①I(mǎi)t's the third timelate this week.(原創(chuàng))A.that you areB.you are C.when you arrivedD.that you have been ②It was for the first time that heto the party.A.InvitedB.had been invited C.has been invitedD.was invited(2)翻譯句子(原創(chuàng))This will be the second time that I have been to the Great Wall.Page No.43(1)①解析:選D。―It is the +序數(shù)詞+time+ that從句‖為固定句型,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。②解析:選D。it was...that是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),句中強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)―for the first time‖故選D。(2)這將會(huì)是我第二次去長(zhǎng)城。Page No.44 Unit 2 English around the world 核心單詞 1.command n.& vt.命令;指令;掌握The officer commanded his soldiers to fire.那名軍官命令士兵們開(kāi)火。A general is a man who commands a large number of soldiers.將軍是統(tǒng)率眾多士兵的人。常用結(jié)構(gòu):at/ by sb‘s command 聽(tīng)某人支配 take command of控制 in command of指揮著 Page No.45 under one‘s command 由某人的指揮under the command of sb.在某人的指揮下command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事command(=order)that...命令……(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即should+ do 形式,should可省略)聯(lián)想拓展commander n.指揮官高手過(guò)招用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空(原創(chuàng))①For the first time in years, she felt she wascommand of her life.②The army isthe king‘s direct command.③The police arrived and took commandthe situation.①in ②under/at/by ③of Page No.46 2.request vt.&n.請(qǐng)求;懇求;要求 常用結(jié)構(gòu):request sb.to do sth.請(qǐng)求某人做某事 request sth.from/of sb.向某人要求某物request that sb.(should)do sth.要求某人做某事 make a request/requests 發(fā)出請(qǐng)求at the request of sb.=at sb.‘s request依照某人的請(qǐng)求 易混辨析request/demand/require request表示―有禮貌的請(qǐng)求;正式的請(qǐng)求‖。demand表示―有正當(dāng)權(quán)利的要求‖,因此含有―堅(jiān)決或強(qiáng)烈要求‖的意思。require表示―要求所必須的東西;法律、協(xié)定、規(guī)章以及其他客觀情況的要求‖。但它們也有不同之處: Page No.47 ①require和request都可以接賓語(yǔ)+to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu),而demand沒(méi)有此種用法。但可以說(shuō)demand of sb.to do sth.②require+動(dòng)名詞時(shí),主動(dòng)形式的動(dòng)名詞具有被動(dòng)意義,而demand,request無(wú)此種用法。They are demanding higher wages.他們要求提高工資。Do you require anything else? 你還要求(需要)別的嗎?Many people have requested this next song.許多人要求聽(tīng)下面這首歌。They required me to keep silent.他們要求我保持沉默。The letter requested us to leave the house within six weeks.這封信要求我們六周內(nèi)搬出這所房子。溫馨提示以上三個(gè)詞的共同點(diǎn)是:從語(yǔ)法上看,request和demand,require都可以接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,并且在從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Page No.48 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①One of the requirements for a fire is that the materialto its burning temperature.(2010·陜西師大附中月考)A.be heatedB.is heated C.would be heatedD.do heat ②—Why were you late for such an important concert? —The plane arrived at the airport after aof three hours.(2010·陜西商洛一輪檢測(cè))A.delayB.restC.tourD.request ①解析:選A。如同require, demand, order, suggest, advise, insist, request等動(dòng)詞要求其后面的賓語(yǔ)從句使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣一樣,它們所對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞的同位語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句也要求使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即:should+動(dòng)詞原形。故選A。②解析:選A。上句詢(xún)問(wèn)―遲到的原因‖,因此下句中的名詞應(yīng)是與―遲到‖意義有關(guān)的名詞,所以只能選擇―延誤‖。Page No.49 3.recognize vt.辨認(rèn)出;承認(rèn);公認(rèn) 常用結(jié)構(gòu):recognize sb.認(rèn)出某人recognize one‘s voice聽(tīng)出某人的聲音 recognize...as...認(rèn)定;承認(rèn)……為……recognize sb./sth....to be...認(rèn)為某人/某事物是…… recognize that...承認(rèn)……When he walked out of the station, I recognized him immediately.當(dāng)他從車(chē)站里走出來(lái)時(shí),我立刻認(rèn)出了他。Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir.大家都承認(rèn)他為合法繼承人。Page No.50 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空—Oh, it‘s you!Iyou.—I have just had my hair cut, and I‘m wearing new glasses.(2010·山東淄博六中檢測(cè))A.hadn‘t recognizedB.haven‘t recognized C.didn‘t recognizeD.don‘t recognize解析:選C。前句的句意為:哦,是你呀!我剛才沒(méi)有認(rèn)出你來(lái)。所以要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。4.direction n.[C] 方向;方面;[U]指導(dǎo);指揮 常用結(jié)構(gòu):in the direction of 朝……的方向(=towards)in sb‘s direction 朝某人的方向(=towards sb.)under one‘s direction 在……指導(dǎo)下(=under the direction of sb.)Page No.51 Tom went off in one direction and Jack in another.湯姆往一個(gè)方向走,杰克往另外一個(gè)方向走。Reforms are needed in many directions.許多方面都需要改革。He is walking in the direction of the police station.他正朝警察局的方向走去。He glanced in her direction and their eyes met.他朝她這個(gè)方向一看,倆人的眼睛相遇了。The singing group is under the direction of Mr Lee.合唱團(tuán)由李先生指揮。溫馨提示direction意為―指示;指引;用法說(shuō)明‖等,通常要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。注意:表示郵件上的―姓名地址‖時(shí),也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Follow the directions on the medicine bottle.請(qǐng)按藥瓶上的說(shuō)明服藥。Page No.52 高手過(guò)招(1)單項(xiàng)填空Those who learn theory must developthe direction of practice.(2010·山東棗莊一輪驗(yàn)收)A.toB.onC.inD.for(2)完成句子(原創(chuàng))①I(mǎi) gave Mary full(地址)to enable her to find the post office.②He did the work(在我的指導(dǎo)下).(1)解析:選C。in the direction of為固定搭配,意為―朝……方向‖。注意不要用介詞to。(2)①directions②under my direction 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)5.more than one 意為―不止一個(gè)‖,雖然在意義上表示復(fù)數(shù),但作主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),與many a(許多)用法一樣;如果more修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞再跟than one作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要用復(fù)數(shù)。Page No.53 More than one member has protested against the proposal.不止一個(gè)成員反對(duì)這個(gè)建議。More than one person has been concerned in this.這里面涉及的不僅是一個(gè)人。More persons than one have been involved.涉及的不僅僅是一個(gè)人。聯(lián)想拓展 ―more than+ adj.‖意為―很;非常‖。在―more...than...‖中,肯定―more‖后面的,而否定―than‖后面的,意為―是……而不是……‖或者―與其……不如……‖。―more than...can/could‖是英語(yǔ)里的一個(gè)常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu),可把more than理解為not,表示否定,該結(jié)構(gòu)意為―非……所能……;是……所不能……;不是……所能……‖。more often than not 經(jīng)常;往往In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.做科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),對(duì)待儀器必須非常小心才行。Page No.54 If you tell your father what you have done, he will be more than a little angry.如果你把所做的事情告訴你父親,他會(huì)非常生氣的。Catherine is more diligent than intelligent.與其說(shuō)凱瑟琳聰明,不如說(shuō)她勤奮。高手過(guò)招完成句子(原創(chuàng))①當(dāng)我的老朋友布萊恩慫恿我抽一支煙時(shí),我可再也熬不住了。When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was.②可能的解釋不止一個(gè)。There is.①more than I could bear ②more than one possible explanation Page No.55 6.because of 因?yàn)椋挥捎谑墙樵~短語(yǔ),后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞及what從句。She got hurt because of what you‘d said.她因?yàn)槟愕脑?huà)而受到傷害。due to 意為―由于‖常作表語(yǔ),也作后置定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。thanks to意為―多虧;由于‖只作狀語(yǔ)。owing to意為―由于‖常作狀語(yǔ)。as a result of意為―由于‖作狀語(yǔ)。易混辨析because/as/since/for because表示直接原因,語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)?;卮饂hy提出的問(wèn)題只能用because。在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,也只能用because。as用于解釋做某事的原因,語(yǔ)氣較弱,通常位于主句前。since表示的原因是指人們已知的事實(shí),常意為―既然‖。語(yǔ)氣比because弱,但比as強(qiáng)。通常位于主句前,并常與as換用。for并列連詞,連接并列分句,表示一種補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,是推測(cè)或判斷的理由,語(yǔ)氣較弱,不可位于主句前。有時(shí)可表示直接原因,相當(dāng)于because。Page No.56 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空①People crowded on the road and could not go forwardthe traffic accident some cars had made.(2010·山西太原五中檢測(cè))A.withB.since C.because ofD.because ②People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her.,she is a great musician.(2010·陜西西安二中檢測(cè))A.After allB.As a result C.In other wordsD.As usual ①解析:選C??疾楸硎鲸D原因‖的幾個(gè)詞的用法。since與because都是連詞,連接句子,with表示原因時(shí),前面多是形容詞。如His face was red with cold.他的臉凍得通紅。because of為介詞短語(yǔ),后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),故選C。②解析:選A。after all畢竟;as a result結(jié)果;in other words換句話(huà)說(shuō);as usual照例。根據(jù)題意選擇A。Page No.57 7.come up 走近;上來(lái);提出The little boy came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station.小男孩向陌生人走去,并告訴他去警察局的路。We won‘t forget the day when we watched the sun come up on top of the Tai Mountain.我們不會(huì)忘記一同在泰山頂看日出的那天。It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting.這個(gè)問(wèn)題在會(huì)議上一定會(huì)被提出來(lái)的。The snowdrops are just beginning to come up.雪蓮花剛剛開(kāi)始長(zhǎng)出地面。I am afraid something urgent has come up.恐怕發(fā)生了什么急事。Page No.58 聯(lián)想拓展come true變成現(xiàn)實(shí),成為現(xiàn)實(shí) come across邂逅 come about發(fā)生come at向……撲來(lái),攻擊 come from來(lái)自come out出版;開(kāi)花;結(jié)果是 come up with想出come round繞道而來(lái);蘇醒 come down落下,塌下come over(從遠(yuǎn)處)來(lái)到;橫過(guò) come into use開(kāi)始使用 how come...?(表示理解)……怎么回事? when it comes to sth.當(dāng)涉及某事時(shí)How come her French is so bad if she spent 5 years in pairs? 她在巴黎待了5年,但她的法語(yǔ)怎么這么糟糕。When it comes to getting things done, he is useless.一涉及到做事,他便不中用了。Page No.59 高手過(guò)招(1)單項(xiàng)填空They aren‘t afraid when theythe difficulties in their study.(2010·河南鎮(zhèn)平質(zhì)量檢測(cè))A.come upB.come to C.come aboutD.come out(2)用come構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)填空(原創(chuàng))①The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bearhim.②The magazineonce a month.③I wish you canto England on your holiday.④The engineers havenew ways of saving energy.⑤Theyan old school friend in the street this morning.Page No.60(1)解析:選B??疾槎陶Z(yǔ)辨析。come to此處意為―涉及,提到‖;come about意為―產(chǎn)生‖,如:How did the difference between American English and British English come about? come up意為―到來(lái),來(lái)到‖;come out意為―出來(lái),長(zhǎng)出,發(fā)芽‖。(2)①came at ②comes out ③come over ④come up with ⑤came across 8.such as例如……;像這樣的 易混辨析such as/for example/that is/and so on such as用來(lái)列舉事物。通常插在被舉例的帶有解釋性質(zhì)的事物與前面的需要進(jìn)行解釋的名詞之間,意為―比如;諸如……之類(lèi)的‖,可與 like 互換,as 后不能有逗號(hào)。for example同for instance一樣起到補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用,表明在眾多的內(nèi)容中僅取一兩個(gè)例子,可放在舉例之前或之后,意為―例如,舉個(gè)例子‖。Page No.61 that is 是后面列舉的事物的總量等于它前面所提到的總和,相當(dāng)于namely。也用that is to say。and so on 對(duì)幾個(gè)事物進(jìn)行列舉時(shí),在說(shuō)了其中的幾個(gè)以后,用and so on進(jìn)行概括,說(shuō)明還有例子,但不一一列出。Boys like to play balls, such as football and basketball.男孩子喜歡打球,比如足球和籃球。Some students, Li Jun, for example, live in the country.有些學(xué)生,如李軍,住在農(nóng)村。I have three good friends, that is, John, Jack and Tom.我有三個(gè)好朋友,即約翰、杰克和湯姆。There are some books, pens, erasers and so on in my bag.我的書(shū)包里有書(shū)、筆、橡皮等。Page No.62 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空A lot of countries have gained excellent achievements in space technology, China,.(2010·安徽合肥八中檢測(cè))A.such asB.for exampleC.namelyD.and so on 解析:選B。四個(gè)詞中只有for example 位置靈活,可放在句首、句中或句末。9.play a part(in)扮演一個(gè)角色;參與She plays an active part in local politics.她積極參與地方政治活動(dòng)。She played a major part in the success of the scheme.她對(duì)該計(jì)劃的成功起了重要作用。Page No.63 聯(lián)想拓展take part(in sth.)參加, 參與(某事)the best part of sth.(某事物的)絕大部分(尤指一段時(shí)間)for the most part整體上;通常;多半 for my part就我來(lái)說(shuō) 高手過(guò)招翻譯句子(原創(chuàng))①有多少?lài)?guó)家要參加(世界杯賽)? ②對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō), 到哪兒吃飯都無(wú)所謂。①How many countries will be taking part(in the World Cup)? ②For my part, I don‘t mind where we eat.Page No.64 重點(diǎn)句型10.Which country do you think has the most English learners? 你覺(jué)得學(xué)英語(yǔ)最多的是哪個(gè)國(guó)家?do you think/believe/expect/find/know/suppose 作為插入語(yǔ),放在特殊疑問(wèn)詞后,其他內(nèi)容緊跟其后并用陳述語(yǔ)序。What time do you expect we will come and pick you up? 你希望我們幾點(diǎn)來(lái)接你?What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news? 你認(rèn)為他聽(tīng)到那個(gè)好消息后會(huì)做什么呢?Why do you think their team could win the football match? 你認(rèn)為他們隊(duì)為什么能贏得那場(chǎng)足球賽呢? Page No.65 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空─is the best football player in your city? ─Jerry.(2010·江蘇鹽城質(zhì)量檢測(cè))A.Do you think who B.Do you think whom C.Who do you think D.Whom do you think 解析:選C。句中主要部分為who is the best football player in your city。插入語(yǔ)為do you think。11.Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你,(世界上)沒(méi)有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)。(1)believe it or not在句中用作插入語(yǔ),意為―信不信由你;我說(shuō)的是真的‖。Page No.66 聯(lián)想拓展常用作插入語(yǔ)的還有: generally speaking一般來(lái)說(shuō) frankly speaking坦白地說(shuō) judging from...從……來(lái)判斷to tell you the truth說(shuō)真的;老實(shí)說(shuō) to be honest說(shuō)實(shí)在的to make matters worse更糟糕的是 高手過(guò)招單項(xiàng)填空 ①, boys are stronger than girls.(2010·江蘇徐州質(zhì)量檢測(cè))A.To speak generallyB.Generally to speak C.Generally speakingD.Generally spoken ②the hat he , the man is a soldier.(2010·浙江溫州一模)A.Judging from;is wearing C.To judge by;putting B.Judging by;is having onD.Judged by;is putting Page No.67(1)①解析:選C。插入語(yǔ)generally speaking意為―一般來(lái)說(shuō)‖是固定搭配,指常規(guī)。②解析:選A。judging from為固定搭配,在這里judging不與the man形成邏輯上的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系。wear, have on, dress都有―穿,戴‖的意思,但搭配和意義不同。wear和have on都可以表示―穿著‖的狀態(tài),然而have on沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài);dress可以作及物和不及物動(dòng)詞,作不及物動(dòng)詞的意思是―穿衣‖,作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)賓語(yǔ)是人。(2)such上述一類(lèi)的;諸如此類(lèi)的 聯(lián)想拓展no such...as沒(méi)有這樣的…… such as例如such...as...像……這樣的…… such...that...這樣……以至于…… 易混辨析such...that.../such...as...在such...that...結(jié)構(gòu)中,that是從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,在從句中不作成分。Page No.68 在such...as...結(jié)構(gòu)中,as是關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中常作賓語(yǔ)。He is reading such a book as you borrowed from the library last week.他在讀的書(shū)和你上周從圖書(shū)館借來(lái)的一樣。(as是關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)He is reading such an interesting book that I want to borrow it.他在讀的書(shū)這么有趣,我想借來(lái)讀讀。(that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)高手過(guò)招單項(xiàng)填空 ①Exercise isas any other to lose unwanted weight.(2010·四川成都六中檢測(cè))A.so useful a wayB.as a useful way C.as useful a wayD.such a useful way ②I suggest that we should take part in more such activities in future we did yesterday.(2010·江西南昌一中二模)A.whichB.asC.thatD.than Page No.69(2)①解析:選C。as...as結(jié)構(gòu)中出現(xiàn)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí),不定冠詞和名詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后。so...as只用于否定句,故不能選A。②解析:選B。當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用as。Page No.70 Unit 3 Travel journal 核心單詞 1.persuade vt.說(shuō)服;勸服;使相信(同convince)常用結(jié)構(gòu):persuade sb.of sth.使某人相信某事 persuade sb.to do sth.說(shuō)服某人做某事persuade sb.into doing sth.說(shuō)服某人做某事persuade sb.out of doing sth.說(shuō)服某人不要做某事 persuade sb.that-clause 使某人相信…… Page No.71 聯(lián)想拓展talk sb.into/out of doing sth.=reason sb.into/out of doing sth.說(shuō)服某人做/不做某事trick sb.into/out of doing sth.誘使某人做/不做某事 urge sb.into/out of doing sth.慫恿某人做/不做某事易混辨析advise/persuade advise 強(qiáng)調(diào)―勸告,建議‖的動(dòng)作,不注重結(jié)果;而persuade強(qiáng)調(diào)―已經(jīng)說(shuō)服‖,重在結(jié)果。用法上:advise可跟v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ),也可以接that-clause(that sb.should do),而persuade則不能。I persuaded him of its truth.我使他相信這是真的。We will persuade him to take the medicine.我們將說(shuō)服他把藥吃下去。We persuaded her into taking the job.我們說(shuō)服她接受了這份工作。Page No.72 I persuaded my father out of smoking.我勸服父親戒了煙。She persuaded me that death does not end all.她說(shuō)服我相信了死并不能結(jié)束一切。He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to.即使她不想去上學(xué),他還是說(shuō)服她去了。He advised that we(should)leave early.他建議我們?cè)琰c(diǎn)出發(fā)。高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①Alice trusts you;only you canher to give up the foolish idea.(2010·安徽合肥八中檢測(cè))A.suggestB.attractC.temptD.persuade ②Mr Li no longer smokes now because his wifehim to give up smoking last year.(2010·江蘇常州檢測(cè)題)A.suggestedB.advised C.persuadedD.told Page No.73 ①解析:選D。句意為:愛(ài)麗絲信任你,唯有你能說(shuō)服她放棄這種愚蠢的想法。persuade sb.to do sth.說(shuō)服某人做某事;suggest勸說(shuō)、建議,后不接動(dòng)詞不定式;attract 吸引;tempt 誘惑,引誘,均不符題意。故選D項(xiàng)。②解析:選C??疾閍dvise sb.to do sth.和persuade sb.to do sth.的區(qū)別。advise sb.to do sth.意思是―勸某人做某事‖,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作,尤其是表達(dá)―勸而不服‖時(shí)多用此結(jié)構(gòu);persuade sb.to do sth.意思是―勸服某人做某事‖,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。2.determinevt.(使)決定,決心要;確定 常用結(jié)構(gòu):determine + n./ pron.決(確)定determine to do sth.決定做某事(表示動(dòng)作,是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))determine on/upon...決定…… determine that/what...決定…… Page No.74 determine sb.to do sth.使某人決定做某事 determine sb.against sth.使某人決定不做某事be determined to do sth.決心做某事(表示狀態(tài),可與表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用)We determine to go to the railway station at once.我們決定立刻去火車(chē)站。The court determined that the man was guilty of assault.法庭裁定那個(gè)人犯了侵犯人身罪。That determined her against leaving home.那件事使她決定不離開(kāi)家了。聯(lián)想拓展 determined adj.堅(jiān)決的,有決心的 determination n.決心I was determined to make it as a jazz musician.我決定要成為一名爵士樂(lè)音樂(lè)家。Page No.75 溫馨提示be determined to do與determine to do 意思基本一致,但前者表示狀態(tài),可與某段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;后者表示動(dòng)作,是非延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。類(lèi)似的短語(yǔ)還有:prepare for/be prepared for,worry about/be worried about。這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)常考查分詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法。高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空He left school early and as an adolescent,to make his fortune in America.(2010·江蘇城頭中學(xué)一輪檢測(cè))A.is determinedB.had be determined C.determinedD.determining 解析:選C??疾閐etermine的用法。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)使用be determined to結(jié)構(gòu),此處determined為形容詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。Page No.76 3.insistv.堅(jiān)持;堅(jiān)決要求You can come back later, if you insist.如果你一定要堅(jiān)持,就稍后再來(lái)吧。常用結(jié)構(gòu):insist on/upon sth./(sb‘s)doing sth.堅(jiān)持某事/要求(某人)做某事 insist that....(should)堅(jiān)持……I still insist on my viewpoint.我仍然堅(jiān)持我的觀點(diǎn)。He insisted on paying for the meal.他堅(jiān)持要付飯錢(qián)。Mother insisted on our washing the clothes by ourselves.媽媽堅(jiān)決要求我們自己洗衣服。溫馨提示insist當(dāng)―堅(jiān)決要求‖解時(shí),后面的從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即謂語(yǔ)部分用―should+動(dòng)詞原形‖或直接用動(dòng)詞原形;如果insist當(dāng)―堅(jiān)持(認(rèn)為;說(shuō))‖解時(shí),后面的從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Page No.77 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①The man insisteda taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.(原創(chuàng))A.findB.to findC.on findingD.in finding ②I advised that heto the hospital at once, but he insisted that hequite well then.(2010·山東壽光一中一輪檢測(cè))A.be sent;was feeling B.was sent;felt C.be sent;feel D.should be sent;should feel ①解析:選C。insist on doing sth.是習(xí)慣搭配,意為―堅(jiān)持做某事‖。②解析:選A。advise引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不管什么人稱(chēng)都應(yīng)用should do;should也可以省去,只用動(dòng)詞原形表述事實(shí)。insist在此處意為―堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為‖。故選A。Page No.78 4.once 用法較多,意思也比較豐富,既可以用作連詞,也可以用作副詞。once用作連詞時(shí),意為―一旦……就……‖,連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,相當(dāng)于as soon as。once用作副詞時(shí),意為―曾經(jīng);一度;從前‖。它是一個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間副詞,其位置一般是在行為動(dòng)詞之前,系動(dòng)詞之后。once用作副詞,也可意為―一次‖。Once you start, you will never give up.一旦開(kāi)始了,你就不要放棄。Physics is easy to learn once you understand the rules.一旦你理解了規(guī)則,物理就不難學(xué)了。Once he lived in America, but now he lives in England.他曾經(jīng)居住在美國(guó),但現(xiàn)在他生活在英國(guó)。His song was once very popular among the young people.他的歌曾經(jīng)在年輕人中很流行。Page No.79 The old professor comes to see us once a week.那個(gè)老教授一周來(lái)看我們一次。Tell us the story once more.把那個(gè)故事再給我們講一遍。聯(lián)想拓展at once 立刻;馬上once again再一次;又一次(相當(dāng)于once more)all at once突然(相當(dāng)于suddenly)once upon a time很早以前;從前once in a while偶爾;間或once/as soon as once偏重于條件,而as soon as偏重于時(shí)間。Once you see the film, you‘d never forget it(不宜用as soon as).你一旦看了這部電影,你就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記它。As soon as he got off the plane, we wanted to say hello to him(不宜用once).他一下飛機(jī),我們就想向他打招呼。Page No.80 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))to recover.(原創(chuàng))A.Even ifB.If onlyC.WhileD.Once ②you understand this rule, you‘ll have no further difficulty.(2010·山東煙臺(tái)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))A.OnceB.UnlessC.AsD.Until ①解析:選D。句子為once引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,意為―一旦;一……就……‖。句意為:一旦環(huán)境遭到損害,就需要許多年才能使生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)。even if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,意為―盡管‖。if only意為―要是……就好了‖,引導(dǎo)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。while意為―當(dāng)……的時(shí)候‖,引導(dǎo)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。故選D。②解析:選A??疾橛蒾nce引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,意為―一旦‖。句意為:一旦明白了這條規(guī)則,就再也沒(méi)有困難了。Page No.81 5.viewn.風(fēng)景;視野;觀點(diǎn);見(jiàn)解vt.觀看;注視;考慮The house has a view over the sea.這座房子面向大海,視野開(kāi)闊。What is your view on school punishments? 你對(duì)學(xué)校的處罰有什么看法?The plan was viewed favorably.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃是受到稱(chēng)贊的。聯(lián)想拓展in one‘s view在某人看來(lái)come into view進(jìn)入視野,看得見(jiàn) in full view(of sb./sth.)完全看得見(jiàn) in view of sth.鑒于,考慮到,由于with a view to sth./to doing sth.為了,指望Several possible buyers have come to view the house.幾個(gè)可能是買(mǎi)主的人來(lái)看過(guò)房子。Page No.82 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空On the top of this mountain, you can get a wonderfulof the nearby hills.原五中檢測(cè))sightB.viewC.distanceD.look 解析:選B。get a view of為固定搭配,意為―看到……的景象‖。重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 6.care about 關(guān)心;擔(dān)心;在乎;喜歡I really care about my work.我真的關(guān)心我的工作。聯(lián)想拓展care for 喜愛(ài);照顧;重視take care 當(dāng)心take care of 照料;關(guān)懷;處理 under the care of 由……管理, 在……的照料下, 在……的保護(hù)下 Page No.83 with care 小心, 慎重She doesn‘t care for that colour.她不喜歡那種顏色。He spent years caring for his sick mother. 他數(shù)年里一直在照顧生病的母親。2010·山西太(I do care for what my teacher says.我的確尊重老師說(shuō)的話(huà)。高手過(guò)招(1)單項(xiàng)填空That old man is so greedy(貪婪的)that henothing but money, not even his relatives.(原創(chuàng))A.look aboutB.search for C.cares aboutD.takes care of(2)完成句子(原創(chuàng))①他一點(diǎn)也不關(guān)心別人,只想著自己。He doesn‘t careother people at all;he is always thinking of himself.②愛(ài)因斯坦對(duì)金錢(qián)不感興趣,對(duì)薪水也不計(jì)較。Einstein who cared littlemoney never caredhis salary.Page No.84(1)解析:選C??疾槎陶Z(yǔ)辨析。look about到處看;search for尋找,相當(dāng)于look for;care about關(guān)心;在乎;take care of照料。(2)①about②for;about 7.change one‘s mind 改變主意Maybe you‘ll change your mind after thinking it over.也許你仔細(xì)考慮之后會(huì)改變主意。聯(lián)想拓展make up one‘s mind(to do)下定決心(做某事)have a/no mind to do有/無(wú)意做…… lose one‘s mind 失去理智read one‘s mind 看出某人的心思 speak one‘s mind 直言不諱be of the same mind 意見(jiàn)一致be in/of two minds 拿不定主意 give one‘s mind to 注意…… keep one‘s mind on 專(zhuān)心于…… Page No.85 take one‘s mind off sth.轉(zhuǎn)移某人的注意bear/keep sth.in mind 記住某事 bring/call sth.to mind 回憶某事put one‘s mind to sth.全神貫注于某事I have made up my mind to leave, and nothing you say will change it.我已經(jīng)下定決心要離開(kāi),不管你說(shuō)什么我都不會(huì)改變主意了。①I(mǎi)‘ve made up my mind to be a doctor.②Nothing will make me change my mind.Page No.86 8.give in屈服,讓步,投降;上交 聯(lián)想拓展 give in(to sb./sth.)向……讓步give up sth./doing放棄(做)某事give away 贈(zèng)送;泄露give back 歸還;恢復(fù)give off放出,散發(fā)(光、熱、煙、氣味等)give out分配;分發(fā);發(fā)布;(食物,燃料,電力等)被用光;筋疲力盡Seeing that he could not persuade me, he had to give in(to my view).由于無(wú)法說(shuō)服我,他不得不讓步。Our food supply at last gives out.我們的食物終于用完了。His strength gave out.他已筋疲力盡。Page No.87 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空It is always the husband whofirst when a quarrel breaks out between the young couple.(2010·山東聊城檢測(cè))A.give awayB.gives outC.gives inD.gives off 解析:選C??疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為:當(dāng)年輕夫妻之間發(fā)生爭(zhēng)吵時(shí),最先讓步的總是丈夫。give away 贈(zèng)送,泄露,出賣(mài);give out 分發(fā),用完,消耗盡;give in 投降,屈服,讓步;give off 放出,散發(fā)出。重點(diǎn)句型9.Which kind of transport do you prefer to use: bus or train? 汽車(chē)和火車(chē),你更喜歡使用哪種交通方式?prefer to do(rather than do)意為―寧可;寧愿(表選擇)‖或者―更喜歡做某事‖。其本身帶有l(wèi)ike better的含義,所以不能再與表示程度的better或more連用。Page No.88 聯(lián)想拓展prefer sth.喜歡某事/物prefer doing sth.更喜歡做某事prefer+to do sth.(表示特定場(chǎng)合下)更喜歡做某事 prefer sb.to do sth.寧愿某人做某事 prefer A to B/prefer doing A to doing B 寧愿……而不愿……prefer to do A rather than do B 寧愿做A而不愿做B prefer + that-clause(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)+(should)+do 喜歡做某事Do you prefer cooking for yourself or eating in a restaurant? 你是喜歡自己做飯還是下館子?Their father prefers them to be home early.他們的父親寧愿他們?cè)琰c(diǎn)回家。I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination.我寧愿寫(xiě)一篇學(xué)術(shù)論文也不愿參加考試。Page No.89 He preferred to die rather than become a traitor.他寧死也不做叛徒。Would you prefer that I(should)come on Monday instead of on Tuesday? 你寧愿讓我星期一來(lái)而不是星期二來(lái)嗎?高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空My sistersingingdancing while I dance sing.(原創(chuàng))A.prefers;to;would rather;than B.would rather;than;prefer;toC.prefers;rather than;would rather;to D.would rather;to;prefer;to 解析:選A??疾楣潭ù钆?。prefer的搭配是prefer to do rather than do或prefer doing to doing;would rather的搭配是would rather do than do或would do rather than do,因此A項(xiàng)正確。Page No.90 10.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.當(dāng)我告訴她那里空氣稀薄,呼吸困難,而且天氣很冷時(shí),她卻說(shuō)這將是一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。―...the air would be hard to breathe...‖是―主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+不定式‖結(jié)構(gòu),其中不定式的謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在意義上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,但要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,不定式后面如果是不及物動(dòng)詞要在其后加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~與主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。這一類(lèi)的形容詞通??梢悦枥L主語(yǔ)的情緒、態(tài)度、品質(zhì)屬性或者難易程度,如hard, difficult, easy, nice, interesting, important, pleasant和comfortable等。Your writing is impossible to read.你寫(xiě)的字太難辨認(rèn)了。Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你認(rèn)為這水喝起來(lái)安全嗎?The chair looks rather hard, but it is very comfortable to sit on.這把椅子看上去很硬,但坐起來(lái)很舒服。Page No.91 高手過(guò)招完成句子(原創(chuàng))①有時(shí)候她很不容易理解。She was difficultat times.②他是唯一一個(gè)被授予這種榮譽(yù)的外國(guó)人。He was the only foreignersuch an honour.①to understand②to be given 11.A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.有決心的人總是努力完成工作,不管它有多么難。no matter how...引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,意為―無(wú)論多么……‖,how后跟形容詞或副詞,相當(dāng)于―however + adj./adv.‖句式。聯(lián)想拓展no matter意為―無(wú)論;不管‖時(shí),引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,常用于下列句型中:no matter what(who/when etc.)...分別表示―無(wú)論何事‖、―無(wú)論何人‖、―無(wú)論何時(shí)‖等,這個(gè)從句可以置于主句之前,也可以置于主句之后。no matter后接關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句在句中作讓步狀語(yǔ)。Page No.92 注意:whatever, however, whoever etc.可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。No matter what happened, he would not mind.=Whatever happened, he would not mind.不管發(fā)生什么,他都不在意。(錯(cuò))Prisoners have to eat no matter what they‘re given.(對(duì))Prisoners have to eat whatever they‘re given.囚犯?jìng)冎荒芙o什么吃什么。No matter how hard he works, he can not get a promotion.不管他工作多努力, 他就是得不到提升。No matter what you do, you must be very careful.不管做什么事,你都必須非常細(xì)心。No matter who you are(=Whoever you are), I‘ll never let you in.無(wú)論你是誰(shuí),我絕不讓你進(jìn)去。No matter which you choose(=Whichever you choose), you will be satisfied.不論你選擇哪一個(gè),你都會(huì)滿(mǎn)意的。No matter where I go(=Wherever I go), I will be thinking of you.無(wú)論我去哪里,我都會(huì)想著你。Page No.93 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①the problem may be, we must solve it ourselves.(2010·山東威海一輪驗(yàn)收)A.Whatever difficultB.How difficultC.However difficultD.No matter what difficult ②It is generally considered unwise to give a childhe or she wants.(2010·山東棗莊檢測(cè))A.howeverB.whatever C.whicheverD.whenever ①解析:選C。句意為:不管問(wèn)題有多難,我們都要獨(dú)立解決。difficult為形容詞,因此用how修飾,表示程度。however在這里沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思,相當(dāng)于no matter how,因此答案為C。②解析:選B??疾閺膶訇P(guān)聯(lián)詞的用法。whatever等于anything that或everything that,引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。whatever一方面起引導(dǎo)詞的作用,同時(shí)作從句中wants的賓語(yǔ)。Page No.94 Unit 4 Earthquakes 核心單詞 1.burstvt.& vi.(burst, bursting)爆炸;脹裂;突然而起;闖入; 充滿(mǎn);滿(mǎn)盈;n.突然破裂;爆發(fā) 聯(lián)想拓展burst out 迸發(fā);突然發(fā)作;突然……起來(lái) burst open推開(kāi);忽然打開(kāi); 裂開(kāi) burst through沖開(kāi);沖破;撥開(kāi)burst in upon打斷(談話(huà)等);突然出現(xiàn); 突然到達(dá) burst in/ into闖入; 突然出現(xiàn); 突然……起來(lái); 突然發(fā)作 Page No.95 另外,burst into后接名詞時(shí)可表示不同的意義: burst into laughter突然大笑起來(lái) burst into tears突然大哭起來(lái) burst into cheers突然歡呼起來(lái)burst out后接動(dòng)名詞也表示同樣的意思 burst out laughing/crying 突然大笑/哭起來(lái) 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空Every timehe thought of his past, he couldn‘t help bursting(2010·濟(jì)南一模)A.when;out tearsB.that;into crying C.which;into tearsD./;out crying 解析:選D。burst out后接v.-ing形式,every time 相當(dāng)于連詞,引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。故選D。Page No.96 2.eventn.事件;大事;比賽項(xiàng)目The new book was the cultural event of the year.這本新書(shū)的出版是今年文化界的大事。Coming events cast their shadows before.未來(lái)之事先有征兆。The next event will be the 100-metre race.下一個(gè)比賽項(xiàng)目是100米賽跑。常用結(jié)構(gòu):at all events 無(wú)論怎樣 in any event 無(wú)論如何 in the event of 萬(wàn)一;倘若In the event of rain, the game will be postponed.要是下雨,球賽就延期。Page No.97 易混辨析occurrence/event/incident/accident occurrence系常用詞, 指―任何發(fā)生的事件‖。event 指―有重要意義的歷史事件、重大事件‖。incident指―事件‖, 尤指―比較不重要的小事件‖。accident指―意外事故‖。高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①The National Day and the International Labour Day are greatin our country.(2010·河南鎮(zhèn)平二輪)A.thingsB.incidents C.accidentsD.events.②How manyare going to be held in this Summer Olympic Games?(2010·江蘇啟東一輪)A.accidentsB.incidents C.eventsD.sports Page No.98 ①解析:選D??疾樵~義辨析。things是普通用詞,指―情況;狀況‖;incident意為―事情;發(fā)生的事(常指小事)‖;accident意為―事故‖,強(qiáng)調(diào)未預(yù)料到的事情;event的意為―事件‖,多指大事件。②解析:選C??疾樵~義辨析。accident意為―事故‖,指沒(méi)有料到的惡性事件。incident指―事件‖,多指不是很重要的事情。event多指―政治性的事件‖,尤指大事。event也可以指(體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中的)比賽項(xiàng)目。3.rescue n.&vt.援救,營(yíng)救 常用結(jié)構(gòu):rescue sb./ sth.from sb./ sp.把……從……營(yíng)救出來(lái) come to/ go to sb‘s rescue = rescue sb.援救某人a rescue team 救援隊(duì)a rescue mission 救援任務(wù)rescue workers 救援人員 Page No.99 The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.警察來(lái)救他,把他從河里拉了出來(lái)。The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.營(yíng)救隊(duì)在這次地震期間進(jìn)行了無(wú)數(shù)次救援。Michael rescued a boy from drowning.邁克爾把溺水的男孩救了起來(lái)。高手過(guò)招用rescue的適當(dāng)形式填空(原創(chuàng))①The mother, along with her two children,from the sinking boat by a passing ship.②The firemenfive children from the burning house yesterday.①has been rescued ②rescued Page No.100 4.judgen.法官;鑒賞家;裁判 vt.判斷;估計(jì)His father used to be a judge.他的父親過(guò)去是一名法官。She‘s a good judge of wine.她是鑒別酒的專(zhuān)家。The blind can‘t judge colours.盲人無(wú)法判斷顏色。Don‘t judge a man by his looks.不要以貌取人。聯(lián)想拓展judgment n.判斷,辨別力judge sb./ sth.by/from 通過(guò)……判斷…… as far as I judge 我認(rèn)為 judging from...從……來(lái)看,根據(jù)……判斷Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.從他所說(shuō)的話(huà)來(lái)看,他是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。Page No.101 高手過(guò)招(1)單項(xiàng)填空the hat he , the old man is a farmer.(2010·山東日照檢測(cè))A.Judging from;is wearing B.Judging by;is having on C.To judge by;putting D.Judged by;is putting(2)用judge的適當(dāng)形式填空(原創(chuàng))①from his appearance, he must be a rich man.②In her, he must be from the south.(1)解析:選A。judging from為固定搭配,此處judging不與the old man形成邏輯主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系。wear, have on, dress都有―穿,戴‖的意思,但搭配和意義不同。wear和have on都可以表示―穿著‖的狀態(tài),然而have on沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài);dress可以作及物和不及物動(dòng)詞,作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為―穿衣‖,作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)賓語(yǔ)是人。(2)①Judging ②judgment Page No.102 5.ruinvt.毀壞;毀滅。既可指實(shí)際的東西,也可指抽象的東西。n.[U]毀壞;毀滅 [C](常用作復(fù)數(shù))廢墟 聯(lián)想拓展in ruins嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞;破敗不堪;落空bring come to ruin使某人失??;使傾家蕩產(chǎn) bring ruin upon oneself自取滅亡fall/go to ruin毀滅, 滅亡;崩潰;破壞掉ruin oneself毀掉自己 易混辨析destroy/ruin/damage/harm destroy 表示在肉體上、精神上或道義上的徹底摧毀,使之無(wú)法恢復(fù),也可以表示對(duì)某物體進(jìn)行完全的毀壞。ruin一般指對(duì)物體或生命徹底的破壞,但往往是非暴力的,也往往不是一次性打擊的結(jié)果,常指對(duì)美好的或希望中的事物的破壞。Page No.103 damage 一般指對(duì)物體或生命的局部損傷,使整體的價(jià)值或作用降低或變得無(wú)價(jià)值、無(wú)作用。這種損傷可以是暴力的或一次性破壞的結(jié)果,也可以指非暴力的長(zhǎng)期損害的結(jié)果。harm 一般指?jìng)τ猩臇|西,常指?jìng)叭说慕】怠?quán)利、事業(yè)等。What he faced ruined his hope.他所面對(duì)的使他的希望破滅了。The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.整個(gè)城市在地震中被毀掉了。Laziness will ruin one‘s prospects.懶惰會(huì)使人自毀前程。We wanted to have a look at the ruins of Pompeii.我們想看一下龐貝城的廢墟。They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged.他們?cè)O(shè)法修復(fù)了受到破壞的房子。Page No.104 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①I(mǎi) wasby that law case.I‘m a man.(2010·11·西安月考)A.ruined;ruinedB.ruined;destroying C.damaged;destroyedD.destroyed;damaging ②Many old templesruins are now being rebuilt.(原創(chuàng))A.onB.byC.withD.in ①解析:選A。句意為:我被那場(chǎng)官司搞得傾家蕩產(chǎn),不名一文。ruin常用于借喻中,指損壞到了不能再使用的程度;damage不能指人,只指物;destroy指完全徹底地破壞,含有無(wú)法修復(fù)之意,也可用于借喻。第二個(gè)空應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),表被動(dòng)和完成之意。②解析:選D。in ruins為固定搭配,意為―處于頹廢狀態(tài)‖。Page No.105 6.bury vt.埋葬;掩埋;使沉浸于 聯(lián)想拓展be buried alive 被活埋be buried under 為……所壓倒;沉浸于,忙于bury(oneself)in 埋頭于;專(zhuān)心于;退居于(鄉(xiāng)間等)=be buried in bury one‘s head in the sand自欺欺人,逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)(來(lái)自鴕鳥(niǎo)的習(xí)性)The house was half buried under snow.房子一半被埋在雪中。If you continue to bury your head in the sand and refuse to recognize the fact that some of your classmates are catching up with you, it won‘t be long before you find yourself left behind.如果你再拒絕承認(rèn)你的一些同班同學(xué)已經(jīng)趕上來(lái)了這一事實(shí),那么不用多久,你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己落后了。Page No.106 高手過(guò)招選詞填空(burying/buried)(原創(chuàng))I have a sigh, my headin my hands.buried 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 7.right away 立刻,馬上I‘ll return the book to you right away.我會(huì)馬上還書(shū)給你。If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.如果戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā),我們將立即被征召服役。聯(lián)想拓展 right now=at once=immediately=in no time立刻,馬上Page No.107(1)解析:選D??疾槎陶Z(yǔ)辨析。in no time意為―片刻之后‖,而 in a flash意為―片刻之間‖。(2)I want it typed right away, please.Page No.108 8.think of 認(rèn)為;考慮 聯(lián)想拓展think poorly of不放在眼里;輕視think twice 再三考慮think little/nothing of輕視;忽略think much/highly of重視;看重,評(píng)價(jià)高 What do you think of...?認(rèn)為……怎么樣? think about考慮;回想;想起 think of考慮;記憶,記起think sth.over仔細(xì)想;謹(jǐn)慎思考;作進(jìn)一步考慮 think sth.out認(rèn)真考慮;仔細(xì)盤(pán)算 think sth.up想出,發(fā)明 Page No.109 The government thinks highly of his invention because it will benefit the whole country.政府非常重視他的發(fā)明,因?yàn)樗鼘⒂幸嬗谌珖?guó)人民。The foolish boss thought little of my suggestions on that project.那個(gè)愚蠢的老板根本就不重視我對(duì)那項(xiàng)工程的建議。He is thinking about travelling in the summer holidays.他正在考慮暑假旅游的事。I can‘t think of his name at the moment.我一時(shí)想不起他的名字。Please think over what I said.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)考慮我說(shuō)的話(huà)。He thought out a new idea.他盤(pán)算出了一個(gè)新主意。高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①How did you thinksuch a clever way out of difficulty?(原創(chuàng))A.overB.aboutC.upD.on ②Can youa way of solving the problem?(原創(chuàng))A.discoverB.invent upC.think upD.invent Page No.110 ①解析:選C。句意為:你怎樣想出如此明智的辦法擺脫困境?其他選項(xiàng)與think搭配無(wú)―想出‖之意。②解析:選C。think up在這里相當(dāng)于think of,意為―考慮,思考‖。9.at an end結(jié)束,終結(jié)(= finish)聯(lián)想拓展end n.&v.結(jié)事,終結(jié) 與end搭配的常用短語(yǔ)at the end of在……末尾 by the end of到……末為止 in the end最后,終于at a loose end無(wú)所事事;處于雜亂狀態(tài) make ends meet收支相抵The war was finally at an end.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)終于結(jié)束了。Page No.111 ①by the end of ②in the end③at the end of 10.instead of代替,而不是The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks.中國(guó)人不用刀叉,用筷子。Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time.杰克不去工作,虛度著光陰。She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.她決定星期日而不是星期一離開(kāi)這里。Page No.112 易混辨析instead/instead of/in place of/take the place of instead 是副詞,單獨(dú)使用,用于句首或句末作狀語(yǔ),意為―而是,相反‖。instead of 是復(fù)合介詞,后接名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞,意為―代替、而不……‖。in place of 為介詞短語(yǔ),也是―代替、而不‖的意思,表示―以甲代乙‖,而instead of則是―用甲不用乙‖,除―代替‖外,還有對(duì)乙否定的意思,有時(shí)意為―不‖。take the place of(replace)作謂語(yǔ),用在名詞、代詞前。高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①—I think we should buy a new curtainthis one.—Yes.It looks a bit ugly.(2010·江西贛州一輪)A.to replace;as it is B.to in place of;nowC.to take the place of;as it was D.instead of;than that one Page No.113 ②We will go there on footby bus.What about you?(2010·11·福建福州月考)A.insteadB.instead ofC.withoutD.but ①解析:選A。to replace為不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。as it is意為―現(xiàn)在的樣子‖。②解析:選B。instead of意為―用一種形式代替另一種形式‖。C項(xiàng)有一定干擾性,without意為―在沒(méi)有……的情況下‖,因此不合題意。11.the number of 意為―……的數(shù)量、數(shù)目‖,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);a number of意為―一些,很多‖,相當(dāng)于 many, 后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),當(dāng)它作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The number of competitors is limit.參賽者的數(shù)量是有限的。A number of problems have arisen.已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一些問(wèn)題。Page No.114 a large /great/good number of;a great/good many;a good few/quite a few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),意為―大量的‖;a great/good deal;a great/ large amount of;quite a little+ 不可數(shù)名詞,意為―大量的‖;a lot of/lots of;a great /large quantity of;large quantities of/ plenty of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞均可,意為―大量的‖。但是a great/large quantity of..., large quantities of...作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與quantity形式一致。高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空During the past two years, the number of automobile accidents in New York Citydecreased.(2010·11·山東煙臺(tái)月考)A.haveB.hasC.wasD.were解析:選B。the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞,其主語(yǔ)是number,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),意為―……的數(shù)量‖。Page No.115 重點(diǎn)句型12.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.農(nóng)家大院里的雞,甚至豬都緊張得不吃食。―too + adj./adv.+動(dòng)詞不定式‖結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為―too...to‖結(jié)構(gòu),在大多數(shù)情況下表示否定意義,通??梢鉃楱D太……而不能……;太……無(wú)法……‖。―too...to‖結(jié)構(gòu)表示否定的常見(jiàn)句型有:too +adj./adv.+ to do,有時(shí)too后也可跟一個(gè)起形容詞作用的過(guò)去分詞。too...to/to be done形式。這是―too...to‖結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式為被動(dòng)式時(shí)的變體,如果主語(yǔ)是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者,不定式既可以用主動(dòng)式,也可以用被動(dòng)式,此時(shí)用主動(dòng)式雖然在形式上是主動(dòng)的,但在意義上卻是被動(dòng)的。too + adj.+ a(an)+ n.+ to + v./to be done形式。這個(gè)句型在too+ adj.后再接一個(gè)帶不定冠詞的名詞,不定冠詞一定要放置于形容詞后。與此同時(shí),只有當(dāng)too后形容詞修飾一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞時(shí),才可以在形容詞與名詞間加不定冠詞―a/an‖。當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)能發(fā)出該不定式的動(dòng)作時(shí),可以用to + v.的主動(dòng)式,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是該不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),則用to be + v.-ed的被動(dòng)式。Page No.116 溫馨提示并不是所有―too...to‖結(jié)構(gòu)的句子都表示否定意義,在下列情況下,―too...to‖結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示肯定意義:―too...to‖結(jié)構(gòu)之前帶有but, only, all, never, not時(shí),是強(qiáng)調(diào)肯定的表示法,意為―非常……,十分……,實(shí)在……,真是太……‖等。―too...to‖結(jié)構(gòu)中帶有表示某種心情或描繪性的形容詞或副詞,如ready,eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxious等加動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)合成一個(gè)不可分割的狀態(tài)、態(tài)度、傾向或心情等,并且其后的不定式不是說(shuō)明too的具體內(nèi)容,而是修飾形容詞,故不定式不再表示結(jié)果。在―too...to‖結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式為否定式時(shí),是構(gòu)成的雙重否定,其意為―非常/很/太/那么……不會(huì)不/必定能/所以能……‖,也不表示否定意義。Page No.117 I,m too tired to think of anything now.我太累了,什么也不能想了。The tea is too hot to drink/to be drunk.茶太熱,不能喝。The shoes are too badly broken to be mended.這些鞋子破爛得不能修補(bǔ)。He,s too experienced an artist to mind what the critics say.(=As an artist he,s too experienced to mind what the critics say.)他是個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)非常豐富的藝術(shù)家,不會(huì)介意批評(píng)家說(shuō)些什么。He is too experienced an artist to be worried by what the critics say.他是一個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)非常豐富的藝術(shù)家,不至于為批評(píng)家們的議論而擔(dān)憂(yōu)。I am but too glad to do so.我非常喜歡這樣做。He was too anxious to do this job.他非常想做這件工作。The girl is too careful not to do it well.這姑娘很細(xì)心,完全能做好那件事。Page No.118 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空—He seemstired to do it.—But I am onlyglad to do it.(2010·江蘇常州一輪)A.very;tooB.extremely;too too;tooD.very;very 解析:選C。第一空為too...to 太……而不能……,第二空前有only所以too...to強(qiáng)調(diào)肯定,意為―非常、十分‖。13.It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日!聯(lián)想拓展as if=as though意為―仿佛,像,似乎‖。通常用在be,look,seem,sound,taste,smell及feel等連系動(dòng)詞的后面。如果表示真實(shí)情況應(yīng)該用陳述語(yǔ)氣;如果表示非真實(shí)情況則應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬式與wish后面賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬式相同。引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Page No.119 注意:as if(though)后面除了跟句子外,還可以跟名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、形容詞(短語(yǔ))、介詞短語(yǔ)和分詞。另外,as if(though)還可以表達(dá)感嘆語(yǔ)氣,來(lái)對(duì)某項(xiàng)建議、假設(shè)和推測(cè)表示不贊成、驚訝、不滿(mǎn)和厭惡等。How wild his white hair looked as if it had been electrified!他的白發(fā)十分凌亂,好像觸了電似的。(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)She seems as if she is going to cry.她似乎要哭了。(陳述事實(shí))As if anyone would believe that story!好像有人竟會(huì)相信那樣的事!As if we were all stupid and he alone clever!哼,就仿佛我們都是傻瓜,只有他一個(gè)人聰明似的。He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.他舉起他的手,好像要取下帽子。He behaved as if nothing had happened.他表現(xiàn)的好像什么也沒(méi)發(fā)生。Page No.120 高手過(guò)招(1)單項(xiàng)填空—Will you go to the exhibition tomorrow? —Yes, I will goit,s windy.(2010·11·山東濱州月考)A.as ifB.even though C.as soon as D.as though(2)翻譯句子(原創(chuàng))①你像是見(jiàn)了鬼似的。②這個(gè)男孩向四周察看,像在尋找什么東西。(1)解析:選B。even though相當(dāng)于even if,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,意為―即使‖;as if(though)引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句;as soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。(2)①You looked as if you had seen a ghost. ②The boy looked about as if in search of something. Page No.121 14.All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。all, both, each, every, everyone, everything, always, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether等具有總括意義的詞后跟否定詞not連用時(shí),一般都表示部分否定,其中all, both, each, every無(wú)論在not之前還是之后,都表示部分否定。但如果句子中出現(xiàn)下列單詞或短語(yǔ)則該句為全部否定:none of+n./pron.;neither+n./pron.;no+n.;nothing;nobody;neither;never;nowhere;neither...nor等。All that glitters is not gold.發(fā)光的不一定都是金子。Not all body languages mean the same thing in different countries.并非所有的肢體語(yǔ)言在不同的國(guó)家里都有相同的意思。Each machine here is not produced in our plant.這里的機(jī)器不全是我們廠生產(chǎn)的。Page No.122 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空We couldn‘t eat in a restaurant becauseof us hadmoney on us.(原創(chuàng))A.all;noB.any;no C.none;anyD.no one;any 解析:選C。考查全部否定。句意為:因?yàn)槲覀兇蠹疑砩隙紱](méi)帶錢(qián),所以不能在飯店里吃飯。故選C項(xiàng)。Page No.123 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero 核心單詞 1.quality n.[U,C]質(zhì),質(zhì)量,品質(zhì);特性(既可用于描述物品,也用于描述人物)[C]性質(zhì);特性;特點(diǎn) Modesty is one of his good qualities.謙虛是他的美德之一。One quality of wood is that it can burn.木料的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是能燃燒。Page No.124 常用結(jié)構(gòu):high quality 優(yōu)質(zhì) poor quality 劣質(zhì)average quality 一般的品質(zhì)Wine of high quality costs more than that of poor quality.優(yōu)質(zhì)的葡萄酒比劣質(zhì)的葡萄酒價(jià)格要高。易混辨析quality/quantity quality 質(zhì),質(zhì)量 quantity 數(shù)量;大量For study, quality often matters more than quantity.就學(xué)習(xí)而言,質(zhì)量往往比數(shù)量更重要。Quantities of food were on the table.桌上擺了大量食物。There is a small quantity of water left in the bottle.瓶子里還剩下少量的水。Page No.125 高手過(guò)招完成句子(原創(chuàng))①他仔細(xì)檢查家具的品質(zhì)。He examinedcarefully.②他具備了一個(gè)成功商人應(yīng)具有的所有品質(zhì)。He hasof a successful businessman.①the quality of the furniture ②all the qualities Page No.126 2.devote vt.獻(xiàn)身;專(zhuān)心于 常用結(jié)構(gòu):devote oneself/one‘s energy/one‘s time to(doing)sth.奉獻(xiàn)/精力/時(shí)間于某事sb.be devoted to(doing)sth.某人獻(xiàn)身做某事 He devoted all his life to China‘s aviation.他的一生都奉獻(xiàn)給了中國(guó)的航空事業(yè)。He‘s devoted his whole life to the protection of the rare animals.他終生獻(xiàn)身于保護(hù)珍稀動(dòng)物。He is devoted to helping the poor.他致力于幫助窮困的Page No.127 聯(lián)想拓展類(lèi)似于devote...to...的結(jié)構(gòu)中to為介詞的詞組還有: object to 反對(duì)attend to 辦理;照顧;注意聽(tīng) look forward to 期待;盼望be opposed to 反對(duì)devote...to 貢獻(xiàn)給……stick to 堅(jiān)持lead to 導(dǎo)致pay attention to 注意到be related to 與……有關(guān)see to 務(wù)必做到; 負(fù)責(zé)…… refer to 提到;指的是turn to 翻到; 求助于 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空The idea for the new machine came to Mr Bakerto his invention.(2010·陜西師大附中月考)A.while he was devotedB.while devoting C.while devoting himselfD.while devoted 解析:選A??疾閎e devoted to這一結(jié)構(gòu)。注意不要誤選D項(xiàng),因?yàn)橹骶涞闹髡Z(yǔ)the idea與從句的主語(yǔ)Mr Baker/he不一致,因此從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞he was不能省略。Page No.128 3.equaladj.相同的;平等的 vt.等于,比得上 n.同等/相等的人或物He asked us to cut the apple into three equal pieces.他讓我們把蘋(píng)果切成三等份。None of us can equal her in intelligence.我們中沒(méi)人能在智力方面比得上她。常用結(jié)構(gòu):be equal to sth./doing sth.勝任某事/ 做某事 A equals BA等于B without equal/have no equal 無(wú)與倫比/無(wú)比Are you equal to(doing)the task?你能勝任這項(xiàng)工作嗎? Yao Ming is a basketball player without equal in China.在中國(guó),姚明是個(gè)無(wú)與倫比的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。Page No.129 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空He doubted whether she would beto the task.(原創(chuàng))equalB.similarC.familiarD.content 解析:選A。be equal to sth.勝任,符合句意。content意為―滿(mǎn)意的,滿(mǎn)足的‖不符句意,其他選項(xiàng)也均與句意不符。4.reward n.報(bào)答;酬金(為某些特殊服務(wù)提供或給予的金錢(qián))vt.酬謝,獎(jiǎng)賞;報(bào)應(yīng);懲罰(壞人或壞事)常用結(jié)構(gòu):as a reward(for)作為(對(duì)某事的)報(bào)酬(或獎(jiǎng)賞)give/ offer a reward to sb.for sth.為某事而給某人報(bào)酬 in reward for 為酬答……;作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)……reward sb.(with...)for sth.為某事(而以……)報(bào)答…… Page No.130 易混辨析reward/award/prize reward表示―獎(jiǎng)賞,酬謝‖,動(dòng)詞只能以人或人的行為作賓語(yǔ),名詞表示某人因做了某事而應(yīng)得到某東西。award 作名詞指正式或官方 ―給予,頒發(fā),授予‖(獎(jiǎng)?wù)拢?jiǎng)金等),也可以指法庭裁決;作動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以跟兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),award sb.sth.把某物授予/判給某人。prize只能作名詞,表示―獎(jiǎng)賞、獎(jiǎng)金、獎(jiǎng)品‖,尤指在比賽中獲得的榮譽(yù)。It‘s a reward for virtue.那是對(duì)美德的回報(bào)。It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work.他工作很辛苦,報(bào)酬卻很少,這不公平。How can I reward your kindness? 我如何酬謝你的好意呢?Jim rewarded the boy a pound for bringing back the lost dog.男孩把吉姆丟失的狗帶了回來(lái),為此吉姆獎(jiǎng)賞給他一英鎊。Page No.131 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①M(fèi)artin Luther King, a great Black leader in the movement against racial discrimination, wasthe Nobel Prize for peace for his outstanding contribution to world peace.(2010·11·河南洛陽(yáng)月考)A.rewardedB.givenC.awardedD.offered ②Theythe winners with gifts of fruit and flowers.(原創(chuàng))A.rewardedB.awardedC.chargedD.paid ③The girl got nothing infor her kindness, which made her very sad.A.prizeB.awardC.medalsD.reward Page No.132 ①解析:選C。句意為:反對(duì)種族歧視運(yùn)動(dòng)的杰出黑人領(lǐng)袖馬丁·路德·金,因其對(duì)世界和平的突出貢獻(xiàn)而被授予諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)。award指正式或官方的―授予,頒發(fā)‖。②解析:選A??疾楣潭ù钆?。句意為:他們送給獲勝者水果和鮮花作為獎(jiǎng)賞。reward sb.with...用……酬勞某人。③解析:選D。由句意可知,應(yīng)該是對(duì)做好事的報(bào)答。in reward for 為……而報(bào)答。重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)5.out of work 失業(yè)Jim has been out of work for several months.吉姆已經(jīng)失業(yè)幾個(gè)月了。Mary‘s cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience.瑪麗的手機(jī)壞了好幾天了,這給她帶來(lái)了很多不便。Page No.133 聯(lián)想拓展in work有工作out of breath上氣不接下氣 out of patience 不耐煩 out of use 沒(méi)用了 out of date過(guò)時(shí)out of order次序顛倒;出故障 out of control失控out of danger脫離危險(xiǎn)out of shape變形Out of sight, out of mind.眼不見(jiàn), 心不煩。高手過(guò)招用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~(短語(yǔ))填空(原創(chuàng))①Although my computer isdate now, it's stilluse.②After the fourth operation, the patient has beendanger.①out of;in ②out of Page No.134 6.as a matter of fact事實(shí)上It was cold.As a matter of fact, it was freezing.天很冷。事實(shí)上,冷得要命。聯(lián)想拓展as a matter of fact=in fact/in actual fact/actually/in reality/to tell the truth 實(shí)際上;事實(shí)to make matters worse 讓事情更糟糕的是 it doesn‘t matter 沒(méi)有關(guān)系 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空It rained that day., our car broke down on the way.(2010·江蘇泰州一輪檢測(cè))A.In factB.Actually C.To make matters worseD.To tell the truth 解析:選C。to make matters worse讓事情更糟糕的是。根據(jù)句 意可知,C項(xiàng)符合。Page No.135 7.blow upvi.爆炸;突然嚴(yán)峻;大發(fā)雷霆vt.炸毀;給……充氣;放大(照片)My father blew up when I didn't come home last night.我昨晚沒(méi)回家,父親大發(fā)雷霆。Stop at the gas station and we'll blow up the tyres.在加油站停一下,我們要給輪胎打氣。聯(lián)想拓展blow away刮走,吹走 blow down(風(fēng))刮倒blow off 吹掉;將(熱水、蒸汽等)放出 blow out 吹熄;(電線)燒斷blow over(暴風(fēng)雨等)吹散,刮倒;(壞天氣)大風(fēng)平息 Page No.136 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空A short circuit willthe fuse(保險(xiǎn)絲).(原創(chuàng))A.blow upB.blow off C.blow outD.blow over 解析:選C。句意為:短路會(huì)燒斷保險(xiǎn)絲。根據(jù)句意可知,答案選C。8.in trouble 在危險(xiǎn)、受罰、痛苦、憂(yōu)慮等的處境中 Please telephone us when you are in trouble.遇到困難時(shí)就給我們打電話(huà)。聯(lián)想拓展have trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困難。其中的介詞 in 在口語(yǔ)中通??墒÷浴?/p>take(the)trouble to do sth.在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,其中的冠詞用不用均可,但含義稍有不同:用冠詞,表示不怕費(fèi)事或不怕麻煩而去做某事;不用冠詞,表示盡心盡力或費(fèi)盡心血而去做某事。Page No.137 go to(the)trouble to do(of doing)sth.不辭辛勞做某事/費(fèi)心做某事give sb.trouble/put sb.to trouble麻煩某人;打擾某人 have trouble with...有……病痛;同……鬧糾紛 We had no trouble(in)finding his office.我們沒(méi)費(fèi)吹灰之力就找到了他的辦公室。He took the trouble to show me the way to the station.他不嫌麻煩地為我去火車(chē)站而指路。He went to the trouble of finding out when our train was leaving.他費(fèi)心為我們打聽(tīng)到了我們乘坐的火車(chē)的開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)間。I don‘t like giving trouble to people I don‘t know.我不愿意給我不認(rèn)識(shí)的人添麻煩。The man often has trouble with his wife.這個(gè)男人經(jīng)常與他的妻子鬧矛盾。Page No.138 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空Even an experienced climber canto reach the summit.(2010·河南鄭州一輪檢測(cè))A.get into troubleB.make trouble ask for troubleD.take trouble over 解析:選A。句意為:即使是一個(gè)很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的登山者,想要到達(dá)頂峰也有可能遇到困難。句中的can表示―有可能‖。get into trouble 陷入困境,因做某事而招致懲罰,危險(xiǎn)等;ask for trouble 自找麻煩,自討苦吃;make trouble 引起麻煩;take trouble over sth.在某事上費(fèi)心思。根據(jù)句意選A。9.turn to求助于;依賴(lài);翻到;詢(xún)問(wèn)We have to turn to some bigger companies for technical help.我們不得不向一些更大的公司尋求技術(shù)援助。Page No.139 聯(lián)想拓展turn against背叛turn down(音量)關(guān)??;拒絕 turn in上交turn...into...(使……)成為……turn off關(guān)掉(水源、煤氣、電燈等);避開(kāi)(問(wèn)題等)turn on打開(kāi)(水、煤氣、電燈、無(wú)線電等)turn over(使)打翻/翻身/翻動(dòng)/翻耕(土地)/轉(zhuǎn)危為安 turn up開(kāi)大;出現(xiàn);找到 by turns輪流;交替 in turn依次;輪流turn out證明是;結(jié)果是Nobody will turn against his country.沒(méi)有人會(huì)背叛自己的國(guó)家。Page No.140 Please turn down the television.請(qǐng)把電視機(jī)的音量調(diào)小點(diǎn)兒。He turned down my suggestion without hesitation.他毫不猶豫地拒絕了我的建議。The child picked up a purse and turned it in to the policeman.那個(gè)孩子撿到了一個(gè)錢(qián)包,然后把它交給了警察。The farmers are turning waste land into rice fields.農(nóng)民們正把荒地變成肥沃的田地。Don't forget to turn all the lights off before you go to bed.在你上床之前,不要忘記把所有的燈都關(guān)上。The man turned over and went to sleep again when the telephone rang.當(dāng)電話(huà)鈴響的時(shí)候,那個(gè)人翻了個(gè)身,又睡著了。Page No.141 高手過(guò)招(1)單項(xiàng)填空 ①I(mǎi)n the new city there wasn‘t a single personthe poor boy could turn for help.(2010·遼寧本溪月考)A.thatB.who C.from whomD.to whom ②We had a good many anxious moments, but everythingall right in the end.(2010·江蘇南京一輪)A.turned downB.turned on C.turned outD.turned to(1)①解析:選D。turn to sb.for help為固定搭配,意思是―求助于‖某人。②解析:選C。turn out 在句中的意思是―變得;證明是;結(jié)果是‖,為連系動(dòng)詞;turn down調(diào)低;拒絕;turn on打開(kāi);turn to參考;轉(zhuǎn)向;求助于。Page No.142(2)用與turn搭配的適當(dāng)介詞填空(原創(chuàng))①The key you lost has turned.②Nothing could make the brave man turnhis motherland.③Don't rush.Please wait in line and get on the busturn.④He asked his teacher to give him the chance one more time but his teacher turned him.⑤Be sure to turn the lightswhen you leave the classroom.(2)①u(mài)p ②against ③in ④down ⑤off 10.lose heart 喪失勇氣或信心He failed many times, but he didn‘t lose heart.他失敗了許多次,但他并沒(méi)有失去信心。No matter what you do, never lose heart.不管你做什么,千萬(wàn)不要失去信心。Page No.143 lose one‘s job失業(yè)lose one‘s balance失去平衡 lose one‘s breath上氣不接下氣 lose one‘s heart(to sb./sth.)愛(ài)上 lose one‘s life喪生;遇害 lose face丟臉;受屈辱 lose hope失去希望 高手過(guò)招 翻譯句子 ①不要失去信心,一切都會(huì)好起來(lái)的。②她喜歡上了一位年輕士兵。①Don‘t lose heart, all will turn out well.②She lost her heart to a young soldier.Page No.144 重點(diǎn)句型11....only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有到這個(gè)時(shí)候,我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。only 修飾的時(shí)間、條件、方式狀語(yǔ)等放在句首時(shí),主句要用部分倒裝。Only then did she realize she had made mistakes.直到那時(shí)她才意識(shí)到她所犯的錯(cuò)誤。Only when he came back did I go to bed.當(dāng)他回來(lái)的時(shí)候,我才上床睡覺(jué)。溫馨提示only 放在句首修飾狀語(yǔ)時(shí),主句部分要倒裝,修飾主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí),則不倒裝。Only you understand me.只有你了解我。Page No.145 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空 I failed in the final examination last term and only thenthe importance of studies.(2010·山東青島二中月考)A.I realizedB.I had realized C.had I realizedD.did I realize 解析:選D。only then位于句首時(shí)句子用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),realize的動(dòng)作在fail之后發(fā)生,故選過(guò)去時(shí)。12.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.他在午餐后的休息時(shí)間以及晚上本來(lái)該睡覺(jué)的時(shí)間教我們學(xué)習(xí)。should have done 本應(yīng)該做某事(但實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有做)/對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)。ought to= should 但在語(yǔ)氣上比should要強(qiáng)。Page No.146 溫馨提示情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done的用法小結(jié):must+have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè),只用于肯定句中,意為―一定……‖,其否定的意義用can‘t+have done表示。can/could have done 對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生的情況的推測(cè),用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中。could+have done本來(lái)有能力做而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做 needn‘t+have done本來(lái)不必做的事,實(shí)際上卻做了 might have done本來(lái)可以做而實(shí)際上未做。may(might)+have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè),多用在陳述句,意為―也許;可能……‖。用might 比用 may 語(yǔ)氣更加委婉。would+have done 用于虛擬條件句中,表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。He ought not to have taken the old clothes away.他不該把舊衣服帶走。(事實(shí)上已帶走。)The street is wet.It must have rained last night.路面是濕的,昨天晚上肯定下雨了。Page No.147 If I could have stopped, there wouldn‘t have been an accident.如果我能夠停下來(lái),事故就不會(huì)發(fā)生了。I needn‘t have gone to the office yesterday.昨天我沒(méi)必要去辦公室。Please don‘t do that.You might both have been caught and killed!請(qǐng)不要那樣做。你們倆很有可能被抓住然后被殺掉!易混辨析should/ought to ①兩者均有―應(yīng)該‖之意,should多表示說(shuō)話(huà)人主觀建議,ought to多表示道義和責(zé)任。Doctors and nurses should take good care of patients.醫(yī)生和護(hù)士應(yīng)該仔細(xì)照顧病人。You shouldn‘t drink and drive.你不該喝了酒還開(kāi)車(chē)。Page No.148 You ought to be blushed at your conduct.你應(yīng)該為你自己的行為感到羞愧。②兩者均可表示預(yù)測(cè),意為―應(yīng)該會(huì),可能‖。We should/ought to arrive there before dark.我們應(yīng)該會(huì)在天黑前到達(dá)那里。It‘s twelve o‘clock now.She should/ought to have already got there.現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)12點(diǎn)了。她應(yīng)該已經(jīng)到那里了。聯(lián)想拓展should的其他用法: ①虛擬從句中,表示―假如;萬(wàn)一‖;If you should change your mind, do let we know.如果你想要改變主意,讓我們知道。In case you should need any help, here is my number.假如你需要任何幫助,給我打電話(huà),這是我的電話(huà)號(hào)碼。Page No.149 ②應(yīng)該,必須She recommended that/she(should)take some time off.她建設(shè)應(yīng)該休假。③表示驚訝,遺憾。It‘s strange that she should have done such a thing.她能做好這樣的事情,真讓人覺(jué)得奇怪。高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①—I missed the first part of the film.It was really a pity.—Youhome half an hour earlier.(2010·福建廈門(mén)一輪檢測(cè))A.should have leftB.must have left C.should leaveD.must leave ②—Do you think he is lazy? —Iso once, but I don‘t now.(2010·浙江杭州一輪檢測(cè))A.may have thoughtB.can have thought C.may thinkD.might think Page No.150 ①解析:選A。第一句句意為:我錯(cuò)過(guò)了這部電影的第一部分,真遺憾。根據(jù)第一句,答句的句意應(yīng)為:你本應(yīng)該提前半小時(shí)出家門(mén)。故選A。②解析:選A。從答語(yǔ)可知,空格處的意思是―曾經(jīng)這樣想過(guò)‖,即對(duì)過(guò)去情況作推測(cè),故應(yīng)用―情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)‖;又因?yàn)?can 表推測(cè)時(shí)不用于肯定句中,故選A。Page No.151 必修Page No.152 Unit 1 Cultural relics Page No.153 核心單詞 1.survivevi.生還,幸存;流傳下來(lái);幸免vt.經(jīng)歷……而幸存;比……活的時(shí)間長(zhǎng) 常用結(jié)構(gòu):survive on sth.靠……生存(意思等同于live on sth.)survive sb.(by...)比某人多活…… Page No.154 Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.在這次撞車(chē)事故受傷的6個(gè)人中,只有2個(gè)人活了下來(lái)。I can‘t survive on $20 a week.每周20美元無(wú)法維持我的生活。Few buildings in Beichuan County survived the big earthquake on May 12, 2008.在2008年5月12日的大地震中,北川縣殘留的建筑物寥寥無(wú)幾。She survived her husband by ten years.她丈夫去世后她又活了10年。聯(lián)想拓展survival n.存活,幸存;殘存;遺留;舊風(fēng)俗 survivor n.生還者,幸存者 Page No.155 高手過(guò)招完成句子(原創(chuàng))①The old couple從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中幸存下來(lái)).②His only chance of(生存)was a heart transplant.③In the terrible accident, there were no(幸存者).答案:①survived the war ②survival ③survivors Page No.156 2.select vt.挑選;選擇 易混辨析select/choose/elect/pick out 四個(gè)詞均含有―選譯‖之意。select強(qiáng)調(diào)在廣泛的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行―精選或淘汰‖,側(cè)重以客觀為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行選擇。choose為普通用詞,側(cè)重根據(jù)個(gè)人意愿和判斷從眾多的對(duì)象中進(jìn)行選擇,著重指被選者的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。elect指按照一定的規(guī)章和法律,用投票方式進(jìn)行的慎重的選擇。pick out為口語(yǔ)用詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)―從個(gè)人角度在眾多事物之中進(jìn)行挑選‖,有時(shí)含有―任意選擇‖的意思。Page No.157 高手過(guò)招選詞填空(select/choose/elect/pick)①Pleasea good book for me.②Shea diamond ring from the collection.③Weour monitor by a show of hands.④Shethe red sweater rather than the pink one.答案:①pick ②selected ③elected ④chose Page No.158 3.design n.設(shè)計(jì);圖案;構(gòu)思 vt.設(shè)計(jì);計(jì)劃;構(gòu)思 常用結(jié)構(gòu):by design=on purpose有意地,故意地be designed to do...目的是做……;被打算做…… be designed for...為……而打算/設(shè)計(jì) I like the design of that rug.我喜歡那塊地毯的圖案。A new highway between the two cities is being designed.這兩個(gè)城市之間的一條新高速公路正在設(shè)計(jì)中。The experiment is designed to test the new drug.實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是測(cè)試新的藥品。The house are specially designed for the old people.這些房子是專(zhuān)門(mén)為老年人設(shè)計(jì)的。Page No.159 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空I like the television programmeeducate not merely entertain.(2009·12·山東青州模塊檢測(cè))A.designed toB.designed for C.is designed toD.is designed for 解析:選A。be designed to do...為固定搭配,意為―目的是‖,為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)在句中作后置定語(yǔ),修飾名詞programme。B、D兩項(xiàng)be designed for中for為介詞,后面需接v.-ing形式或名詞,故排除。Page No.160 4.fancy adj.奇特的;異樣的 vt.想象;設(shè)想;愛(ài)好 n.想象力;幻想;愛(ài)好 常用結(jié)構(gòu):fancy that...以為是…… fancy oneself自負(fù),自命不凡 fancy(doing)sth.喜歡,想要(做)某事 fancy 用于感嘆句中時(shí)表示―沒(méi)想到,竟然‖。My sister likes to collect fancy clothes.我姐姐喜歡搜集奇裝異服。I used to fancy what I would like wearing a long snow-like dress.過(guò)去我常常想象自己穿著雪白長(zhǎng)裙的模樣。Children usually have a lively fancy.Page No.161 孩子們往往擁有豐富的想象力。Many students fancy playing football.很多學(xué)生喜歡踢足球。Fancy meeting you here!真沒(méi)想到會(huì)在這兒遇到你!I fancy(that)it‘s going to rain today.我看今天要下雨。答案: ①to say→saying ②to go→going Page No.162 5.consider vt.考慮;認(rèn)為 常用結(jié)構(gòu):consider doing sth./sth.考慮做某事consider sb./sth.as/to be...認(rèn)為;以為;覺(jué)得 consider it+adj.+to do sth...認(rèn)為做某事是…… We are considering going to Canada.我們正考慮到加拿大去。We consider this(to be)very important.我們認(rèn)為這非常重要。聯(lián)想拓展consideration n.考慮;關(guān)心considering prep.考慮到;就……而言 take sth.into consideration考慮(某事)Considering her age, she has done very well.考慮到她的年紀(jì),她已經(jīng)做得非常好了。Page No.163 高手過(guò)招(1)單項(xiàng)填空Charlie Chaplin isto be one of the greatest actors in the world.(2009·02·湖北武漢一中質(zhì)量檢測(cè))A.RegardedB.believed C.thoughtD.considered(2)翻譯句子(原創(chuàng))①你是否考慮過(guò)如何到達(dá)那里? ②他會(huì)被認(rèn)為是個(gè)軟弱無(wú)能的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。解析:(1)選D??疾樵~義辨析。think, regard, consider都有―看作‖的意思,然而搭配不同。think一般與of搭配,形成think of...;regard與as搭配,形成regard...as;consider可以與as搭配,形成consider...as,也可以跟不定式,形成consider sb.to do sth.的搭配。(2)①Have you considered how to get there? ②He will be considered a weak leader.Page No.164 6.worth adj.值得(做某事);有(做某事)的價(jià)值 n.價(jià)值;用處be worth doing sth.值得(做某事);有(做某事)的價(jià)值be worth sth.用于―數(shù)量、持續(xù)時(shí)間等‖的名詞之后,表示某物價(jià)值多少金額。The new car cost a lot of money, but it‘s certainly worth it.買(mǎi)這輛新汽車(chē)花了很多錢(qián), 但確實(shí)物有所值。The thieves stole one million pounds worth of jewellery.竊賊偷走了價(jià)值100萬(wàn)英鎊的珠寶。Page No.165 易混辨析worth/worthy/worthwhile ―be worth+n.‖結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)名詞為金錢(qián)時(shí),表示―……值……錢(qián)‖。be worth doing sth.……某事值得被做―be worthy of+n./doing‖當(dāng)名詞為抽象名詞時(shí),表示 ―……值得……‖。be worthy to be done/be worthy of being done 某事值得被做It is worthwhile to do sth.值得做某事 It is worthwhile doing sth.值得去做某事 It is worthwhile for sb.to do/doing sth.值得某人去做某事The article is worthy of careful study.=The article is worth studying carefully.=The article is worthy of being studied carefully.=The article is worthy to be studied carefully.這篇文章值得仔細(xì)學(xué)習(xí)。Page No.166 高手過(guò)招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①This book is worthy oftwice.(2009·12·江蘇南京月考)A.ReadingB.read C.having readD.being read ②He is well skilledplaying the piano, so his music is worth.(2009·12·山東煙臺(tái)模塊檢測(cè))A.with;listeningB.with;listening to C.in;listeningD.in;listening to Page No.167 解析: ①選D。be worthy 后可以用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或of being done結(jié)構(gòu),而worth后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)被動(dòng)概念。②選D。be skilled in也可以用be skilled at后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞表示,意思是―在……方面熟練的;在……方面有能力的‖。worth意思是―值得‖,后跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)被動(dòng)概念。在句中,music作listen to的邏輯賓語(yǔ),而listen為不及物動(dòng)詞,因此to不可以去掉。Page No.168 7.wonder n.[C] 奇跡;奇觀;[U]驚奇,驚嘆 vt.想知道;對(duì)……感到好奇 常用結(jié)構(gòu):in wonder驚奇地 do/work wonders創(chuàng)造奇跡be wonder at對(duì)……感到驚訝 be wonder about想弄明白;琢磨 It is a wonder(that)...奇怪的是……第五篇:?jiǎn)T工培訓(xùn)與開(kāi)發(fā)的總結(jié)員工培訓(xùn)與開(kāi)發(fā)課培訓(xùn)總結(jié)一、學(xué)習(xí)感受在這次培訓(xùn)中老師的講座、從如何理解新課程目標(biāo)并恰當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)目標(biāo)、認(rèn)識(shí)新課程之“技術(shù)”、新課程內(nèi)容的認(rèn)識(shí)與梳理三個(gè)方面透徹地分析培訓(xùn)學(xué)科的課程建設(shè),讓我感受很深。從信息技術(shù)與課程整合課堂現(xiàn)狀、教材處理、案例幾個(gè)方面做了深入的分析,讓我對(duì)課程的教學(xué)方法、模式有了新的認(rèn)識(shí)。老師豐富的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)也讓我對(duì)自己的教學(xué)內(nèi)容有了新的定位。作為一名學(xué)生必須不斷更新自己的學(xué)習(xí)觀念,改變舊的、順應(yīng)新的利于學(xué)生發(fā)展的學(xué)習(xí)模式,不斷鉆研教材,學(xué)習(xí)新理念、新方法,更深入的了解自己,鉆研教材教法,不斷提升自己的學(xué)習(xí)水平,只有這樣才能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代學(xué)風(fēng)的需要。二、共同成長(zhǎng)此次的培訓(xùn)學(xué)習(xí),讓我感興趣的是與同學(xué)們們的互動(dòng)式交流、討論,研討中沒(méi)有虛假的恭維,只有真知灼見(jiàn)、真實(shí)流露;沒(méi)有形式上的大話(huà)、套話(huà),只有深入思考后的針?shù)h相對(duì)?,F(xiàn)場(chǎng)研討,成為思維交鋒、大家的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)的更直接,更真實(shí),在交流中達(dá)到共識(shí)。共識(shí),在交流中提升;情感,在交流中深化,更好的促進(jìn)了我們的專(zhuān)業(yè)成長(zhǎng)與發(fā)展。這次培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容豐富,學(xué)術(shù)水平高,充滿(mǎn)著對(duì)新課程的深刻闡釋?zhuān)錆M(mǎn)了教育智慧,使我們開(kāi)闊了眼界,他們精彩的講座,生動(dòng)的舉證,全新的理念,無(wú)不使我震撼。雖不說(shuō)短短兩天的培訓(xùn)會(huì)立竿見(jiàn)影,但卻也有許多頓悟。老師們的學(xué)識(shí)無(wú)不使我敬畏,他們引領(lǐng)我在教育教學(xué)中進(jìn)入了更深層次的思考,深感自己的理論素養(yǎng)正在成長(zhǎng)。總之,這次培訓(xùn)使我對(duì)教育思想、教學(xué)觀念、教育教學(xué)理論得到更新,我力爭(zhēng)在今后的教育教學(xué)工作中做到學(xué)思結(jié)合,知行統(tǒng)一,不斷學(xué)習(xí)、不斷提高、不斷創(chuàng)新,爭(zhēng)取更大的進(jìn)步!三.培訓(xùn)課的作用有人說(shuō),“長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的目光、睿智的頭腦、機(jī)敏的談吐”是商場(chǎng)上的三大利器。但我想,作為人類(lèi)交流感情、建立友誼和開(kāi)展各種活動(dòng)的橋梁和紐帶的商務(wù)禮儀,也同樣是必不可少的第四大利器,甚至從某種程度上來(lái)說(shuō),它還要較其他利器更為重要。有人把商務(wù)禮儀看作是商務(wù)人員的敲門(mén)磚,有人稱(chēng)商務(wù)禮儀是商務(wù)活動(dòng)的通行證,更有人直言:商務(wù)禮儀將決定著商務(wù)活動(dòng)的成敗。商務(wù)禮儀的作用,一言以蔽之:內(nèi)強(qiáng)素質(zhì),外塑形象。因此,可以說(shuō),商務(wù)禮儀是從事商務(wù)活動(dòng)的必備利器。具體說(shuō),商務(wù)禮儀有以下重要作用:(一)商務(wù)禮儀有助于提高商務(wù)人員的個(gè)人素質(zhì)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)最終是人員素質(zhì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),對(duì)商務(wù)人員來(lái)說(shuō),商務(wù)人員的素質(zhì)就是商務(wù)人員個(gè)人修養(yǎng)的表現(xiàn)。修養(yǎng)體現(xiàn)在細(xì)節(jié)上,細(xì)節(jié)展示素質(zhì)。所謂個(gè)人素質(zhì),就是在商務(wù)交往中待人接物的基本表現(xiàn),比如在商務(wù)交往中,首飾佩戴也要講究一定的原則:必須符合身份,以少為佳,一般不多于三種,每種不多于兩件,同時(shí)要注意與服裝搭配的和諧。(二)商務(wù)禮儀有助于建立良好的人際關(guān)系在商務(wù)交往中,人們互相影響,互相作用,相互合作,如果不遵循一定的規(guī)范,雙方就缺乏協(xié)作的基礎(chǔ)。在眾多的商務(wù)規(guī)范中,禮儀規(guī)范可以使人明白應(yīng)該怎樣做,不應(yīng)該怎樣做,哪些可以做,哪些不可以做,有利于確定自我形象,尊重他人,贏得友誼。(三)商務(wù)禮儀有助于維護(hù)商務(wù)人員和企業(yè)的形象企業(yè)的形象是由該企業(yè)的一個(gè)個(gè)員工表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的,好的企業(yè)形象有助于企業(yè)在激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中取得有利的地位。商務(wù)人員或企業(yè)員工的形象就是他的形體外觀和舉止言談在商務(wù)交往中在交往對(duì)象心目中形成的綜合化,系統(tǒng)化的印象,是影響交往能否融洽,交往能否成功的重要因素。而商務(wù)禮儀就是塑造形象的非常重要的手段,如在人際交往中,言談講究禮儀使人文明;舉止講究禮儀使人高雅;行為講究禮儀使人美好;穿著講究禮儀使人增強(qiáng)自信。運(yùn)用商務(wù)禮儀,可以在公眾心目中塑造出良好的組織形象,使企業(yè)在激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中立于不敗之地并產(chǎn)生出很好的社會(huì)效應(yīng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。舉世聞名的微軟公司創(chuàng)始人比爾·蓋茨,據(jù)他在哈佛大學(xué)的同學(xué)史蒂夫回憶說(shuō):大學(xué)時(shí)期的比爾·蓋茨不善交際,缺乏社交熱情,后來(lái)為了創(chuàng)辦微軟公司他不得不出席各種聚會(huì)和演講會(huì),漸漸地他開(kāi)始熱衷于社交活動(dòng),對(duì)社會(huì)公益事業(yè)也表現(xiàn)出極大的熱誠(chéng),他開(kāi)始認(rèn)真傾聽(tīng)周?chē)藢?duì)自己的評(píng)價(jià),并不斷努力提升自己的形象,使自己更具有親和力——當(dāng)然,他做到了,試想一下:如果比爾·蓋茨沒(méi)有努力改善形象,沒(méi)有吸引并籠絡(luò)到一大幫既聰明又有能力的合作者和追隨者,他怎么可能締造出稱(chēng)雄世界的微軟帝國(guó)呢?(四)商務(wù)禮儀能增進(jìn)商務(wù)人員之間的感情在商務(wù)活動(dòng)中,隨著交往的深入,雙方可能都會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的情緒體驗(yàn)。它表現(xiàn)為兩種情感狀態(tài):一是感情共鳴;另一種是情感排斥。禮儀容易使雙方相互吸引,增進(jìn)感情,促使良好的人際關(guān)系的建立和發(fā)展。反之,如果不講禮儀,粗俗不堪,那么就容易產(chǎn)生感情排斥,造成人際關(guān)系緊張,給對(duì)方造成不好的印象。(五)商務(wù)禮儀能提高商務(wù)活動(dòng)的效益曾經(jīng)有人說(shuō):如果可口可樂(lè)遍及世界各地的工廠在一夜之間被大火燒光的話(huà),那么第二天世界各大媒體的頭條新聞就是:各國(guó)銀行及金融巨頭爭(zhēng)先恐后地向可口可樂(lè)公司貸款。因?yàn)樵谶@個(gè)紅色背景上的八個(gè)白色字母標(biāo)記已經(jīng)深入人心,可口可樂(lè)公司的企業(yè)形象得到了世界各國(guó)的認(rèn)可。眾所周知,企業(yè)形象的好壞,有兩個(gè)衡量指標(biāo):知名度和美譽(yù)度。知名度,通過(guò)大量的媒體廣告可以提高;美譽(yù)度,實(shí)質(zhì)上由員工素質(zhì)和先進(jìn)的管理模式所決定。好形象源于好服務(wù),禮儀服務(wù)就是優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)的重要內(nèi)容,它通過(guò)規(guī)范服務(wù)人員的儀容,儀表,服務(wù)用語(yǔ),操作程序等,使服務(wù)質(zhì)量具體化,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,制度化,使顧客得到一種尊重,信任和感情上的滿(mǎn)足,一但“回頭客”的比重大大增加,就會(huì)給企業(yè)帶來(lái)巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。四.如何提高自己的修養(yǎng)(一)認(rèn)識(shí)“秀外惠中”的人生道理一個(gè)人如果沒(méi)有道德、情操、智慧、理想等內(nèi)在美作為基礎(chǔ),那么再好的先天條件,再精心的打扮也只能是一種膚淺的美。所以一個(gè)人在注重個(gè)人儀容、儀表修飾的同時(shí),必須不斷加強(qiáng)自己內(nèi)在素質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)。首先,個(gè)人禮儀必須以個(gè)人修養(yǎng)為基礎(chǔ)。其次,個(gè)人禮儀必須以尊敬他人為原則。再次,個(gè)人禮儀必須以長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)為方針。(二)提高自身的科學(xué)文化素質(zhì)要不斷地學(xué)習(xí)提高自身的文化素質(zhì)以提高禮儀修養(yǎng)。因?yàn)殡S著經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,社會(huì)的進(jìn)步,各行各業(yè)的素質(zhì)要求越來(lái)越高。如果跟不上時(shí)代的步伐,就會(huì)被社會(huì)所淘汰,所以要不斷地學(xué)習(xí)。大學(xué)生在校期間要斤抓緊時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)各方面的知識(shí),多讀一些關(guān)于禮儀修養(yǎng)的書(shū)籍。在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程當(dāng)中,要注意抓住重點(diǎn),循序漸進(jìn),持之以恒,不能半途而廢。(三)努力調(diào)控行為與情緒在人的一生中,會(huì)面對(duì)形形色色的問(wèn)題,處理多種多樣的矛盾。要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造一個(gè)和諧、融洽的人際環(huán)境,使人生更為成功,就應(yīng)遵循一定的個(gè)人禮儀規(guī)范。要做到對(duì)所有的人都采取禮遇的態(tài)度,對(duì)于別人的失誤或習(xí)慣、個(gè)性上的弱點(diǎn)應(yīng)寬容對(duì)待,做到體諒、寬宏、尊重。應(yīng)該避免以為已之所好人亦愛(ài)之,以為已所惡人亦厭之,有意無(wú)意強(qiáng)迫別人接受自己的觀點(diǎn)或行為,與人交往應(yīng)遵循以誠(chéng)相待的準(zhǔn)則,應(yīng)做到相互理解、相互尊重、不即不離、信守諾言、待人以誠(chéng)、寬容大度。要善于與人溝通,不能只從自己?jiǎn)畏矫娴膭?dòng)機(jī)出發(fā),想說(shuō)什么就說(shuō)什么,想怎么說(shuō)就怎么說(shuō),而應(yīng)遵從一定的禮儀規(guī)范,達(dá)到雙方交流信息、溝通心靈的效果。要牢記人際感情能否溝通,關(guān)鍵取決于人的言談舉止。適度的言談舉止,得體的禮貌和風(fēng)度能使交往雙方感 3到輕松愉快,否則只會(huì)令人尷尬和反感。在培養(yǎng)一個(gè)有教養(yǎng)的人的過(guò)程中,訓(xùn)練行為與情緒的控制能力,保持優(yōu)美高雅的言談舉止,養(yǎng)成內(nèi)外和諧的個(gè)體氣質(zhì)是非常重要(四)讓良好的修養(yǎng)為品質(zhì)增色人們?cè)谠u(píng)價(jià)一個(gè)人是否具有具有良好的修養(yǎng)時(shí),往往會(huì)從他的禮儀行為上去加以檢驗(yàn)。個(gè)人禮儀要求人們待人文明,舉止有禮,與人為善,這些都是個(gè)人修養(yǎng)的主要內(nèi)容。在社會(huì)生活中,一定要加強(qiáng)個(gè)人禮儀修養(yǎng),讓良好的修養(yǎng)為品質(zhì)增色。首先,要安分守己,不妨礙他人。其次,要行為有序,遵守共同規(guī)則。再次,要友善待人,促進(jìn)相互溝通。(五)積極參加社會(huì)實(shí)踐要不斷提高自己的修養(yǎng)就要積極參加各種社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng),避免紙上談兵。應(yīng)該把學(xué)習(xí)到的禮儀知識(shí)和實(shí)踐活動(dòng)緊密相結(jié)合,注意從個(gè)人實(shí)際出發(fā),靈活運(yùn)用各種知識(shí)。只有通過(guò)實(shí)踐活動(dòng),在實(shí)踐的過(guò)程中體會(huì)知識(shí)的真正內(nèi)涵,逐步融會(huì)貫通,然后轉(zhuǎn)化成為自己的知識(shí),才能 提高自身的素質(zhì)。俗話(huà)說(shuō):“眼過(guò)千遍,不如手過(guò)一遍。”只有在實(shí)踐中才能將知識(shí)融會(huì)貫通,也才能加深禮儀規(guī)范的領(lǐng)悟和理解。五.感受評(píng)價(jià)千萬(wàn)不要覺(jué)得這些都離我們很遠(yuǎn),不放在心上,我們馬上就要面臨這些了。等一出學(xué)校,找工作,面試,哪一樣不要求我們要有良好的商務(wù)禮儀。而時(shí)下,大學(xué)生的就業(yè)壓力越來(lái)越大,如何才能在龐大的就業(yè)壓力與挑戰(zhàn)中拔得頭籌,如何才能在面試中給主考官留下一個(gè)好印象,一直是困擾每個(gè)畢業(yè)生的最大問(wèn)題。時(shí)下,很多公司在招新人,除了考慮學(xué)歷,更會(huì)觀察是否有良好的禮儀規(guī)范,從最基本的穿著打扮,到言談舉止,主考官可是看的很清楚呢。因此有人說(shuō)禮儀是面試成功與否的重要砝碼是很有道理的。良好的禮儀表現(xiàn)會(huì)給主考官留下最好的第一印象,進(jìn)而取得他們的好感,尊重與信任,而沒(méi)有什么會(huì)比信任更為重要了。而能夠在面試的種種細(xì)節(jié)上表現(xiàn)出良好的素質(zhì),相信在與客戶(hù)洽談時(shí)也一定不會(huì)有差錯(cuò),同時(shí)還能代表公司形象。良好禮儀同時(shí)還是人際關(guān)系的潤(rùn)滑劑。現(xiàn)代企業(yè)強(qiáng)調(diào)團(tuán)隊(duì)精神,而禮儀可以促進(jìn)這一力量。好的商務(wù)禮儀在人際交往中會(huì)給人一種親和力,增進(jìn)吸引和情感交流,增強(qiáng)信任和了解。當(dāng)初剛接觸商務(wù)禮儀的時(shí)候,還對(duì)這門(mén)課程很懵懂,只覺(jué)得這是門(mén)簡(jiǎn)單的學(xué)科,也沒(méi)有什么用處,順利拿到學(xué)分就好了。但是學(xué)習(xí)了它之后,讓我越來(lái)越重視它,多希望自己能夠掌握全部的禮儀知識(shí),因?yàn)樗刮姨嵘俗约海奈胰谶M(jìn)了這門(mén)課程?,F(xiàn)在學(xué)期快結(jié)束了,說(shuō)真的,還真舍不得。對(duì)老師的印象也很深,幽默,有親和力,并且可以貫穿很多課外 4知識(shí),也拓展了我們的知識(shí)面。通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)商務(wù)禮儀,讓我受益匪淺。我想這對(duì)我為人處世方面及以后找工作會(huì)有很大幫助!不僅給別人留下好的印象,而且提高了我的內(nèi)在素質(zhì),也塑造了我的外在形象,增進(jìn)了交往?? 下載Web前端開(kāi)發(fā)培訓(xùn)中es5與es6語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié).doc 將本文檔下載到自己電腦,方便修改和收藏,請(qǐng)勿使用迅雷等下載。 點(diǎn)此處下載文檔 文檔為doc格式 相關(guān)專(zhuān)題 web前端培訓(xùn)學(xué)習(xí)總結(jié) web前端開(kāi)發(fā)實(shí)訓(xùn)總結(jié) web前端項(xiàng)目實(shí)訓(xùn)總結(jié) 網(wǎng)址:http://004km.cn/a1/2019051215/3ef300ef805c4ad6.html聲明:本文內(nèi)容由互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶(hù)自發(fā)貢獻(xiàn)自行上傳,本網(wǎng)站不擁有所有權(quán),未作人工編輯處理,也不承擔(dān)相關(guān)法律責(zé)任。如果您發(fā)現(xiàn)有涉嫌版權(quán)的內(nèi)容,歡迎發(fā)送郵件至:645879355@qq.com 進(jìn)行舉報(bào),并提供相關(guān)證據(jù),工作人員會(huì)在5個(gè)工作日內(nèi)聯(lián)系你,一經(jīng)查實(shí),本站將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權(quán)內(nèi)容。 相關(guān)范文推薦 《培訓(xùn)與開(kāi)發(fā)》課程小組作業(yè)總結(jié)《培訓(xùn)與開(kāi)發(fā)》課程小組作業(yè)總結(jié) 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