第一篇:Travel journal教案文章
Travel journal教案文章 來源蓮山
課 件 w w w.5y K J.Co m Unit3 Travel Journal
1.教材分析
本單元的中心話題是“旅游”,通過旅游日記的方法描述旅游見聞。課標(biāo)內(nèi)容: 語言技能:學(xué)習(xí)用英語表達(dá)祝愿和告別以及交通方式;學(xué)會(huì)在準(zhǔn)備出行之前與同學(xué)用英語討論、制定旅游計(jì)劃,通過上網(wǎng)查閱相關(guān)資料以及寫信向朋友或知情人作一些必要的咨詢,以了解旅游常識(shí)以及旅游必備的手段和必備的費(fèi)用等;學(xué)會(huì)在旅游期間或旅游結(jié)束后用英語寫游記供自己欣賞和他人參考,養(yǎng)成用英語寫游記或日記、學(xué)會(huì)思考和傾訴的良好習(xí)慣,從而提升用英語與人溝通、思考問題和解決問題的能力以及寫作能力。
聽:準(zhǔn)確掌握聽力材料中的升調(diào)和降調(diào),迅速獲取文章中的旅行方式、旅行路線以及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等重要信息。
說:用地道、規(guī)范的句子向別人告別或表達(dá)祝愿;能夠熟練使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表述自己對(duì)未來的打算。
讀:閱讀本單元課文及相關(guān)旅游文章,能夠從文章中獲取主要信息,克服像地點(diǎn)名、民族名,民族特點(diǎn)的節(jié)日名稱的障礙。
寫:能夠?qū)懸黄斡洠笞龅剑核悸非逦?,語言簡(jiǎn)練,并能正確表達(dá)自己所做之事、所到之處以及自己的感受。
語言知識(shí):學(xué)習(xí)本單元22個(gè)新單詞、2個(gè)新短語以及用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來含義的用法。話題:Travelling;describing a journey 詞匯:見教材詞匯表
功能:1.祝愿和告別(Good wishes and farewells)
1).Have a good day/ time/journey/rip!Good luck!Enjoy yourself!Best wishes to you!Happy New Year!Merry Christmas!Happy Birthday!
2).Thank you.You, too.The same to you.2.交通方式(Means of transportation)
walking, cycling, horse riding, taking buses/trains/boats/plane 語法:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來
When are you leaving?
How are you going there?
Where are you staying?
How long are you staying there?
When are you coming back? 情感態(tài)度和價(jià)值觀:通過課文的學(xué)習(xí),要求同學(xué)們能夠積極參與關(guān)于旅行準(zhǔn)備、旅游見聞、旅游感受等方面的交流活動(dòng),用準(zhǔn)確的英語描述國(guó)內(nèi)外的重要景觀、名勝古跡以及一些當(dāng)?shù)氐穆糜挝幕?jié)日。
學(xué)習(xí)策略:1、資源和交際策略。通過多種渠道獲取更多的與旅游相關(guān)的語言信息,從而擴(kuò)大語言輸入量,形成語言運(yùn)用能力。
2、借助聯(lián)想,建立相關(guān)知識(shí)間的聯(lián)系。
文化意識(shí):體會(huì)“讀萬卷書,行萬里路”的旅游文化效益。教材結(jié)構(gòu): 1.1 “熱身”(Warming up)部分讓學(xué)生想象自己住在青海,要去東南亞旅游。要求他們選擇三個(gè)不同的地方并查出不同交通方式及所需費(fèi)用。然后與同學(xué)討論六個(gè)問題,使學(xué)生了解旅游的必要手段和必備的費(fèi)用。1.2 “讀前”(Pre-reading)部分的兩個(gè)問題主要是引導(dǎo)學(xué)生向閱讀部分過渡。
“閱讀”(Reading)部分“湄公河旅行游記”(JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG)的第一部分講述了王坤和王薇夢(mèng)想沿湄公河做自行車旅行,并為之做準(zhǔn)備的過程;文章的第二部分A NIGHT IN THE MOUNTAINS 放在“語言運(yùn)用部分”中,主要講述了他們?cè)谖鞑厣街卸冗^的一宿,爬山路的艱苦及樂趣。
“理解”(Comprehending)部分通過回答問題、讓學(xué)生填寫表格在課文中找到王坤和王薇對(duì)旅行的相同和不同看法,加強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)課文細(xì)節(jié)的進(jìn)一步理解。1.3
“語言學(xué)習(xí)”(Learning about Language)部分講述了主要詞匯極其運(yùn)用主要語法項(xiàng)目(用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來)。1.4
“語言運(yùn)用”(Using Language)部分含四個(gè)方面綜合訓(xùn)練部分。Reading and speaking 是“湄公河旅行游記”的第二部分?!癓istening “圍繞中心話題,講述王薇和王坤在去往大理與表兄弟會(huì)面的路上與一個(gè)老撾女孩的對(duì)話。Reading and writing 先讓學(xué)生了解diary 和journal 的區(qū)別,通過找出課文中的“real”和“unreal” things, 加深對(duì)可課文的理解,然后要求學(xué)生圍繞話題寫一封短信。練習(xí)冊(cè)第三單元Listening, Listening task 和Reading task 中的語篇分別是“湄公河旅行游記”的第四、五、六部分。
1.5
“小結(jié)”(Summing Up)學(xué)生采用歸納、調(diào)整和補(bǔ)救等方法對(duì)本單元的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行反思和總結(jié),以得到及時(shí)反饋和強(qiáng)化鞏固。這是運(yùn)用反思學(xué)習(xí)和調(diào)控策略,學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)的重要過程。1.6
“學(xué)習(xí)建議”(Learning Tip)部分鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生外出旅行時(shí)寫旅游日志(travel journal)2.教材重組
2.1 根據(jù)input-based instruction的教學(xué)理念,和從話題內(nèi)容上分析,將Reading 和Talking整合在一起比較恰當(dāng)。
2.2
Learning about Language重點(diǎn)分析課文中重要的短語、語言點(diǎn)和句子極其運(yùn)用主要語法項(xiàng)目(用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來)。
2.3
Using Language根據(jù)本單元的特點(diǎn)Reading、Listening 是旅游日志的片段構(gòu)成這一特點(diǎn),將JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG中 Part2和 Part 3的listening整合成一堂課。
2.4
Listening & Speaking將Workbook中的聽力和Speaking整合在一起上一堂聽說課。
2.5
Reading & Writing 在讀的基礎(chǔ)上,主要完成寫的任務(wù)。本課時(shí)內(nèi)教師可以根據(jù)本單元的話題和語言知識(shí),指導(dǎo)學(xué)生就旅游日志進(jìn)行寫作嘗試。
2.6
Summing Up有了足夠的input,才能有的放矢地output。在課本話題的基礎(chǔ)上,教師根據(jù)學(xué)生實(shí)際,針對(duì)旅游前、旅途中和旅游后設(shè)計(jì)話題討論。
3.課型設(shè)計(jì)與課時(shí)分配(經(jīng)教材分析,根據(jù)學(xué)情,本單元可以用7課時(shí)教完。)
1st
Period
Reading & Talking
2nd
Period
Learning about Language 3rd
Period
Using Language
4th
Period
Listening & Speaking 5th
Period
Reading & Writing 6th
Period
Summing Up 7th
Period
Revision & Exercises 4.教學(xué)方法:任務(wù)型教學(xué)法;小組合作學(xué)習(xí);演繹法;反思性學(xué)習(xí)等。5.分課時(shí)教案
Period1 Reading & Talking Teaching goals: 1.To have a better understanding of the main idea of the passage.2.To conclude Wang Wei’s and Wang Kun’s attitudes toward the trip
3.To talk about how to prepare for the travel journal both on physical and material aspects.Language focus(here are some language items and structures): New words: persuade;stubborn;properly;determined;change her mind;give in.Teaching aids: Computer, recorder and projector Teaching procedures: Step 1.I.Pre-reading 1.The world has many great rivers.Ask the students if they could travel down only one of them, which one would they choose? Why? 通過多媒體向?qū)W生提供一些風(fēng)景名勝的圖片引導(dǎo)其進(jìn)行熱烈地討論。T: Ask the students to guess the names of the rivers.S: Try to name the rivers.(A map of China and some pictures of the rivers are shown on the screen..)
(通過地圖以及河流的圖片來增長(zhǎng)學(xué)生的地理知識(shí),從而引發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣,從而引出課題。)引出the Lancang River and ask: What about the Mekong River?----Part of it is in China, too!2.We are going to take a trip to the Mekong River and take off.Ask: Do you know what counties the Mekong River flows through?(Look at the map of Mekong River and point out the countries it flows through.)(Key: China, Burma, Laos, Thailand.Cambodia & Vietnam)Show pictures of the countries Ask: Can you tell the differences between the Mekong River and the Lancang River ?(Look at the map carefully.)Answer: The Chinese part of the river is called the Lancang River and after flowing in other countries the river is called the Mekong River.Step 2.Reading 1.Listening
Say: After reaching the Mekong, an old man told us a story about the journey in the Mekong of a boy and a girl.T: Ask the students to listen to the tape about the story.(Before listening, show some new words and expressions: persuade stubborn properly determined change her mind give in)Listen to the text with 4 questions: 1.Who are Wang Kun and Wang Wei? 2.Who are Dao Wei and Yu Hang? 3.Where it the source of the Mekong River and which sea does it enter? 4.What can you see when you travel along the Mekong? 1).讓學(xué)生聽錄音帶,邊聽邊找出問題的答案,從而鍛煉他們的聽力以及他們提取信息的能力。2).豐富學(xué)生的地理知識(shí),對(duì)鄰國(guó)有更好的理解。
3).充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的主動(dòng)性,讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)從地圖中提取和綜合信息的能力。2.Detail reading Read the text aloud.1).Complete the form Their dream Taking a great bike trip Their journey Finding the source.Along the Mekong River from the source.Their preparation 1.They bought expensive mountain bikes.2.Wang Wei got their cousins interested in cycling.3.They turned to the atlas in the library.The Mekong River 1.begin/glacier on a Tibetan mountain/ small/clean/cold.2.move quickly/pass through deep valleys 3.half/in China/Lancang River.4.wide brown and warm/enter
2).Fill in the blank Similar attitudes about the trip Difference attitudes about the trip Both Wang Wei and Wang Kun think… 1.taking this trip is a dream that comes true.2.that they will enjoy this trip a lot.3.that most of the Mekong will be found in Southeast Asia.Wang Wei believes…
1.that they must start in Qinghai where the river begins/see all of the Mekong.2.that they don’t need to prepare much.Wang Kun believes..1.it is too cold and high to start in Qinghai.2.that using an atlas is very important.Students work in pairs to discuss the following open question: 1.Is it a difficult journey to cycle along the Mekong? Why? Step 3.Talking 1.Fun time Imagine that you are helping the cyclists to prepare for their trip down the Mekong.You need to choose what you will take with you.The following I will give you something to choose and write down their names as many as possible.(Show pictures)2.Talking
Ask the students to write down as many words as possible.This activity requires students to think critically and learn to be resourceful.Step 5.Summary
In the last minutes, the students are asked to translate some difficult sentences in the passage.Homework: 1.Read the text again and find out the useful words and expressions.2.Ex 1, 2, 3 on P20.Period 2 Learning about Language Teaching goals: 1.To discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions
2.To learn about the Present Continuous Tense Teaching procedures: Step 1.Discovering useful words and expressions
Warming up by discovering useful words and expressions.dream about, take a great bike trip, graduate from, got the chance to do sth., cycle along the river, go for long bike rides, mountain bike, persuade sb.to do sth., grow up, get sb.interested in sth., be stubborn, know the best way of getting to places, the source of the river, care about, give sb.a determined look, change one’s mind, at an altitude of, seem to do, the air be hard to breathe, an interesting experience, make up ones mind, give in, a large atlas with good maps, keep doing sth., at first, pass through, be surprised to do sth., half of, at last, the South China Sea
Say: Hello everyone.After reading the passage, we have got to know the usage of the words and expressions, but we should do more practice.Now turn to page 20 to find the correct words and expressions from the passage to finish the sentences.Give students some time to finish exercises 1, 2 and 3 on page 20.Five minutes later, check in pairs and then check with the whole class.Step 2.Reading and finding Ask students turn to page 17 and look at the questions in Warming up 4.Underline the verbs in the questions, and pay attention to the verb forms.Divide the students into groups and discuss the structure of the sentences in Warming up 4.Give some explanations to the students.Step 3.Discussing useful structures
The verbs are all used in the “-ing” form.They are “the Present Continuous Tense”, but they express future actions or plans.Not all verbs can be used in the “-ing” form to express future actions.Such verbs as come, go, leave, fly, walk, ride, drive, stay, meet, die, see, arrive, etc.are mainly used in the “-ing” form to express future tense.Step 4.Consolidation Say: Please turn to page 21 and finish exercises 2 and 3.Check the answers with the whole class.Step 5.Practice—an interview
1.Interview Wang Wei about her plans for the trip along the Mekong River.2.Plan a trip based on the map.(P58 work book)
Make a travel plan for National Day Where are you going? When are you leaving? How are you going there? When are you arriving there? Where are you staying ? How long are you staying there? How much money do you think you will need to pay for the journey?
Step 6.Summary
Sum up the structure of “ the Present Continuous Tense” expresses the future actions.Homework: 1.Ex 1 on P56.2.Ex 2 on P57.Period 3 Using Language Teaching goals: 1.To read the passages A NIGHT IN THE MOUNTAINS
2.To learn to use the language by reading, listening and speaking Teaching procedures: Step 1.Led-in Show some beautiful pictures of Tibet and warm up by talking about Tibet: Have you ever been to Tibet? Do you want to travel in Tibet? Can you tell me something about Tibet? ﹡(Background information about Tibet: Tibet lies on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the southwest border of China.The average height of the whole region is more than 4,000 meters above sea level, for which Tibet is known as “Roof of the World”.The highest peak of Tibet, also the highest in Himalayas and in the whole world, is Everest Peak, which is as high as 8,846.27 meters above sea level.Although a part of China, Tibet has a unique culture of all its own.It is mainly inhabited by Tibetans, a minority nationality of old and mysterious people.Tourist attractions include the Potala Palace in Lhasa, Jokhang Temple, and a number of Buddhist sacred places.Tibet(Xi Zang in Chinese)is to the south of Xin Jiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Qing Hai Province, to the west of Sichuan, to the northwest of Yunnan and to the north of India and Nepal.Its population of 2.3 million people come from a variety of ethnic groups including Tibetan, Han, Monba and Lhota.Its capital city is Lhasa.Northwest Tibet, mainly Qing Hai plateau, is home to a variety of unusual and unique animals.Across the northern expanse of Tibet, you can see vast grasslands where horses, yak and sheep roam freely.The world's lowest valley, the Grand Yarlun-tzanpo River Valley lies in east Tibet.It is freezing cold in most time of the year.Most tourists come to visit Tibet only in the warmest seasons, June, July, August and early September.)Step 2.Reading
1.Pre-reading question: What kind of difficulties do you think Wang Wei and Wang Kun will meet in the mountains? 2.Reading and underlining Collocations from JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG(II)
although, ride bicycles, in front of, as usual, need to do sth., to climb the mountain road was hard , be great fun, reach a valley, much warmer, change… into, T-shirts, shorts, in the early evening, stop to do sth., make camp, put up, after supper, go to sleep, stay awake, at midnight, become clear, so …that, the sound of the fire, travel so far, join sb., hardly wait to see, change one’s attitude.3.Speaking
Read the passage again and find the answers to the questions:
1)How does Wang Kun feel about the trip?(He is starting to like the trip.)2)What do you think has changed his attitude?(seeing the beautiful land)
3)Is it natural for Wang Kun not to feel lonely?(Yes.Because the scene Wang Kun saw is beautiful.The sky was clear and the stars were bright.Also their cousins are waiting for him.)4)Would you feel the same way in this situation? Why or why not?(You may have different opinions about this.Just speak it out and let us share your idea, will you?)Imagine that the dialogue happens the next morning before Wang Kun and Wang Wei leave their camp.Write a short dialogue between them with your partner.Wei: You look so tired Kun: Yes, I stayed up late last night.Wei: Really? What did you do? Kun: I watched the clear sky and the bright stars.Wei: That’s nice.They must be pretty.Kun: Yes, they were.4.Consolidation
Using the key words to retell the passage: ride bicycle;in front of;as usual;need to do sth.;be great fun;reach a valley;change… into;in the early evening;stop to do sth.;make a camp;put up;after supper;go to sleep;stay awake;at midnight;become clear;join sb.;can hardly wait to see;change one’s attitude.Step 3.Listening Let’s go on with Journey Down The Mekong River(part 3)with Wang Wei.Turn to page 23 and do the listening text.Before listening to the tape, please read the words fast, then tick the words you hear on the tape.After that I’ll play the tape for the second time and then finish the chart.You should look through the chart and find out the listening points.The following questions can help you understand the listening text.Where is the girl from?
What do people in Laos use the river for?
Why do people in Laos call the river “the sea of Laos”? What is the river called in Tibet and Vietnam?
What other beautiful sights along the Mekong River in Laos?
Fill in the chart:
Topic Southwest China Laos Local name of the rive The water of the rocks The sea of Laos Uses of the river Washing, fishing and transport What to see Many different animals, plant and bird species Small villages and so on Scenery Waterfalls and rapids Mountains, forests, temples, caves and a waterfall
Homework: 1.Follow the tape to read the passages(Part 2 & 3 of “Journey Down The Mekong River”)again and pay attention to the rising and falling tone of each sense group and sentence.2.Try to memorize the useful words and expressions.Period 4 Listening & Speaking Teaching goals: 1.To listen to Part 4 and 5 of “ JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG” on Workbook..2.Enable the listening ability of the students.Teaching procedures: Step 1.Led-in Ask students to discuss with partners the following questions: 1).Do you like the dressing way of Tibet? 2).Can you describe the way of life in Tibet? Step 2.Pre-listening
Ask students to read the words of Part 1 on page 55.Step 3.Listening 1.Ask students to listen to the tape for P55, Exercise 1.2.Listen to the tape again and then answer the questions.(把原文中的重點(diǎn)句子挑出來,采取挖空式的方式,用幻燈片的形式給學(xué)生展現(xiàn))Step 4.Listening on P58 2.Pre-listening
Ask students to read the questions in Exercise 1, Page 58.1.Listening 1).Ask students to listen to the tape for P58, Exercise 1.2).Listen to the tape again and find out the information to fill in the chart.(把原文中的重點(diǎn)句子挑出來, 采取挖空式的方式,用片的形式給學(xué)生展現(xiàn))Step 5.Consolidation
Try to retell the part of the story according to the chart.Step 6.Speaking 1.Led-in
Say: A river can influence the people living along the river.How?(Students’ discussion)2.Activities: Group Discussion A dam is a huge wall built on a river that can produce electricity for millions of people.A dam can also stop floods in places that get lots of rain.For those reasons , the Lancang Mekong River now has some dams.In our country, a lot of dams have been or are being built on the Changjiang and Yellow Rivers.Requirements are as follows: Work in pairs and discuss this question:
1.What do you think a dam does to a river and the people who lives on it? 2.Make a list of at least two good and two bad things a dam does.3.Represent your report to your classmates Homework: 1.Go over Part 4 & 5 of “Journey Down The Mekong River”.2.Get preparation for Reading & Writing next period, and underline the useful words and expressions.Period 5 Reading & Writing Teaching goals: 1.To deal with the Reading and Writing part.2.To teach students how to write a short letter.Step 1.Led-in Questions: 1.Do you often keep a diary?
2.Have you ever written a travel journal?
3.Can you tell the differences between a diary and a travel journal? Step 2.Listening and reading Listen to the tape and try to catch the words to fill in the blanks and then read the whole paragraph by themselves.Reading and underlining
Collocations from Reading and Writing put one’s thoughts into a diary, travel journey, the difference between, for on thing… for another, record one’s experiences, soon after, be familiar to, make a list of, compare…with, agree to.Read the passage quickly and then fill in the information on the chart.Step 3.Preparations for writing From the paragraph above, we have known the differences between a diary and a travel journal.Fill in the chart(the differences between a diary and a travel).Design a chart for the students to fill in.A diary 1).Personal;
2).To try to record how the writer feels very soon after things happen A travel journal 1).For a lot of reader;2).To record their experience, ideas and afterthoughts;3).Its topics include people, things and events less familiar to readers.Step 4.Writing a letter Imagine that you are a friend of Wang Wei.Write a short letter to her and ask her to describe: how she feels, what she is doing, and some places you want to know about.Then wish her well on her journey by using at least two of these expressions: Have a nice/good time.Have a nice/good trip.Take care.Good luck on your journey.Say “Hello” to ….Write to me.Give my best wishes/love to ….Have fun.Step 5.Correction Give a sample of writing.My dear brave little Wei,How I worry about you and Wang Kun!Are you enjoying your trip? I hope so.What are you doing now? Are you in Cambodia yet? When you get to Phnom Penh, tell me about the Buddist temples there.Please send some photos with your next letter!Well, have fun and don’t forget to write to me!Say “Hello” to Wang Kun for me.Good luck with your journey.Take care!
Your friend forever,Ju Lin Step 6.Group work Say: We have learnt so much about travel.Now imagine that you will run a travel business that gives tours of famous places in or near your hometown.You want to make an advertisement that both foreigners and Chinese can read so that your travel agency can get more business.(Page 60)What are some of the key factors in an advertisement?--where to visit
--where to stay for the night--when to leave
--when to return
--how to get there
--how much to pay
--what to see
--what to eat
--what to pay attention to Show some sample advertisements: Say: Here are two useful websites about the beautiful and famous places.Log on them and learn more by yourselves
Homework: Suppose you are Wang Wei.Write a letter in reply to your friend Ju Lin’s letter.Period 6 Summing up Teaching goals: 1.To read “ The End of the Journey”.2.To make a summary of the unit.Step 1.Led-in
Show the map of the Mekong River.They started from Qinghai Province, and now they will end their journal down the Mekong River.Now let’s have a quick look at the last part of their journey.Step 2.Extensive reading 1.Skimming
Skim the passage and try to find the answers to the questions: 1.Do children in Cambodia have a good education? 2.Why did Wang Kun say that he felt lucky?
3.What’s the difference between Vientiane and Phnom? 4.Why did Wang Wei’s cousins make jokes about them? 5.Which country is larger, Cambodia or Vietnam? 6.How many times did the farmer grow a new rice crop?
2.Detail reading
Read the text again and fill in the chart.Topic Laos Cambodia
Vietnam Population The smallest number of people in Southeast Asia Twice of population of Laos Seven times of Cambodia Weather Dry and cool in autumn warm Warm in the south, cool in The north Learning poor poor poor Farming rice Rice, fishing rice ﹡學(xué)生分組學(xué)習(xí),解決問題。如:找出各自然段的中心句、文中難理解的詞匯和句子,以四人小組為單位討論學(xué)習(xí)等。學(xué)生通過自主和探究性學(xué)習(xí),形成一種在日常學(xué)習(xí)與生活中樂于互助、交流并解決問題的習(xí)慣 Step 3.Summary
What have you learned about traveling in this unit? Discussion: Q1.Do you like traveling? Q2.Why do you like traveling? Q3.How will you prepare for traveling ? A travel plan: Time Destination travel cost Means of transport What to do while traveling Background information Points for attention What to take ﹡(Step 4.Discussion)﹡Suggestion 1: Group Activity: Form groups of four.Now your group win a prize to go to Tibet.Discuss different ways of going there and your reasons.You should make clear about the time, the cost, what to take, points of attention, means of transport(by train/car/plane/bike, and each member choose one means), and what to do while travelling, etc.﹡Suggestion 2: Show pictures of Chen Liangquan.Introduction: Since 24, he spent 13 and a half years traveling all parts of China except Taiwan by bike.Since 2003, he has visited 47 countries and areas around the world by motorcycle.Now is enlisting ten volunteers to join him.Would you like to apply for the task? Suppose your good friend has passed the tests and will start their journey next week, would you like to give him some suggestions? Discuss in groups of four and choose a reporter to report the result of your discussion.﹡Suggestion 3: More and more people like to take photos or use video recorders while traveling, and they think that it is unnecessary to keep travel journals.What’s your opinion? ?
Homework: 1.Go over the whole unit and finish all the exercises in this unit.2.Check yourself about this unit.蓮山課件
原文地址:http://
第二篇:編輯文章教案完整
一、.激趣導(dǎo)入,提高興趣
〖教師活動(dòng)〗大家都有這樣的經(jīng)歷,使用紙筆寫好的文章,再修改是很麻煩的。就連魯迅先生也深受其苦,不信請(qǐng)看課本P1的魯迅手稿。所以,自古以來修改、鐫抄是作家們是為頭疼的事。同學(xué)們能幫他們擺脫這種苦惱嗎?
大家都非常聰明,利用計(jì)算機(jī)的文字處理軟件可以讓每個(gè)人都能輕松地進(jìn)行專業(yè)化的文檔書寫。小學(xué)的時(shí)候,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了基本的編輯技巧,這節(jié)課我們將繼續(xù)探索文字處理軟件word的編輯操作。
〖學(xué)生活動(dòng)〗通過思考,聯(lián)想到小學(xué)時(shí)學(xué)過的文字處理軟件的知識(shí),自然得過渡到本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí)。
二、實(shí)踐引導(dǎo),學(xué)習(xí)新知
(一)在實(shí)踐中注意基本文字編輯知識(shí)(補(bǔ)缺)(輸入課本第一段內(nèi)容)
1、移動(dòng)插入點(diǎn):光標(biāo)所在的位置稱為插入點(diǎn),移動(dòng)光標(biāo)即可移動(dòng)插入點(diǎn)。
2、刪除文字:用退格鍵(Back Space)可向前刪除內(nèi)容;用Delete可刪除后面的內(nèi)容;選中文字后,可通過上面的操作刪除大量文字。
3、改寫:改寫與插入可通過“Insert”來轉(zhuǎn)換,也可通過鼠標(biāo)雙擊狀態(tài)欄中的“改寫”來完成。
4、換行:在插入點(diǎn)按回車鍵可讓插入點(diǎn)以后的文字換行顯示。
5、移動(dòng)文字:可通過“剪切”和“粘貼”來完成。學(xué)生活動(dòng)學(xué)生看課本4頁《補(bǔ)缺》內(nèi)容
(二)替換文字
1、查找文字
〖教師活動(dòng)〗首先,咱們進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)比賽,請(qǐng)同學(xué)們打開word文檔“我的夢(mèng)想”,比一比誰最先找出文章中有幾個(gè)“電腦”一詞。提醒大家word本身就給你提供了一個(gè)進(jìn)行查找的好幫手,大家可以在菜單中找一找。有不少同學(xué)完成了任務(wù),哪位同學(xué)說說自己的方法。下面咱們都用查找功能在文章中找一找你想查找的信息。
總結(jié):編輯菜單中的查找功能,可以幫助我們?cè)陂L(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的文章中快速準(zhǔn)確找到所需信息,提高編輯效率。
〖學(xué)生活動(dòng)〗在指定位置打開word文檔,想方設(shè)法完成任務(wù)。先完成的同學(xué)介紹自己的查找方法。練習(xí)使用查找功能在文章中進(jìn)行信息的查找。
2、替換文字
〖教師活動(dòng)〗我們?cè)賮磉M(jìn)行一場(chǎng)比賽,把文章中的“電腦”一詞快速地替換成“計(jì)算機(jī)”。
有了查找操作的基礎(chǔ),大家都快速找到了編輯菜單中的替換操作,有的同學(xué)已經(jīng)替換成功了。下面請(qǐng)同學(xué)們繼續(xù)使用這篇文章練習(xí)使用替換功能,并注意探索以下問題。
(1)替換與全部替換的區(qū)別。
(2)“高級(jí)”中的三種搜索范圍的效果有何不同。(3)其他“高級(jí)”選項(xiàng)對(duì)查找有何幫助??偨Y(jié):
(1)全部替換不能進(jìn)行有選擇的替換,使用時(shí)要慎重。最好在修改文章前對(duì)文檔進(jìn)行備份。
(2)三種搜索范圍各有特點(diǎn),向下:即從插入點(diǎn)所在位置向文件末尾查找;向上:即從插入點(diǎn)所在位置向文件開頭查找;全部:即在整篇文檔中查找。可根據(jù)需要選擇。
(3)其他“高級(jí)”選項(xiàng)可以為我們提供更多的替換功能。同學(xué)們可根據(jù)需要靈活使用。
〖學(xué)生活動(dòng)〗探索word的替換功能,嘗試完成任務(wù)。結(jié)合老師提出來的問題,練習(xí)使用替換功能在文章中進(jìn)行替換操作。
(三)修訂文章
在文章的創(chuàng)作過程中,經(jīng)常需要反復(fù)修改,如何記住自已的修改思路?我們可以借助“審閱”功能來修訂文章。這樣不僅可以保留修訂的痕跡,還能通過“接受修訂”形成更完美的文章。
1、調(diào)出審閱工具欄
〖教師活動(dòng)〗請(qǐng)執(zhí)行“視圖/工具欄/審閱”菜單項(xiàng),調(diào)出“審閱”工具欄,將鼠標(biāo)指到各按鈕上,明確它們的功能。
〖學(xué)生活動(dòng)〗學(xué)生自主操作,了解“審閱”工具欄中各按鈕的功能?!荚O(shè)計(jì)意圖〗讓學(xué)生先了解“審閱”工具欄,為下面的學(xué)習(xí)做好鋪墊。
2、對(duì)文章進(jìn)行修訂
〖教師活動(dòng)〗下面我們將學(xué)習(xí)怎樣使用“審閱”工具欄來對(duì)文章進(jìn)行修訂。請(qǐng)同學(xué)們打開word文檔“我的家鄉(xiāng)”,調(diào)出“審閱”工具欄,單擊“修訂”后,閱讀整篇作文并對(duì)文章進(jìn)行修改。請(qǐng)注意觀察:插入的文字、改寫的文字、刪除的文字有什么特點(diǎn)?
個(gè)別同學(xué)如對(duì)基本的文字編輯技術(shù)不太熟練,可參考第4頁的補(bǔ)缺部分?!紝W(xué)生活動(dòng)〗打開指定文章后,嘗試使用“修訂”功能對(duì)文章進(jìn)行修改,留意各種修改結(jié)果的顯示方式。
〖設(shè)計(jì)意圖〗這部分內(nèi)容相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單,主要讓學(xué)生動(dòng)手操作體驗(yàn)修訂的過程和特點(diǎn)即可,所以把操作的自主權(quán)交給學(xué)生。老師只是起一定的指導(dǎo)作用。
3、接受或拒絕修訂
〖教師活動(dòng)〗同學(xué)們忙活了半天,終于修改完了。那么怎樣才能使你的修改生效呢?請(qǐng)?jiān)凇皩忛啞惫ぞ邫诶镎掖鸢赴伞?/p>
注意:(1)如何接受、拒絕部分的修訂?(2)如何一次性接受、拒絕全部的修訂?(3)如何在原始稿、修訂稿和最終稿之間進(jìn)行切換瀏覽?(4)除“審閱”工具欄外,你還能通過哪些方法使修改生效? 總結(jié):除“審閱”工具欄外,我們還可以通過“工具”菜單中的命令及右鍵快捷菜單中的命令來進(jìn)行接受修訂或拒絕修訂的操作。我們可以靈活運(yùn)用“接受或拒絕修訂”對(duì)話框中的命令,以幫助我們更好地完成最終的修訂。
〖學(xué)生活動(dòng)〗根據(jù)老師提出的問題,自已動(dòng)手嘗試找到解決問題的方法?!荚O(shè)計(jì)意圖〗先告訴學(xué)生可通過“審閱”工具欄接受、拒絕修訂,避免學(xué)生在探索的過程中盲目操作。讓學(xué)生在掌握此操作的基礎(chǔ)上再探索其他的方法。
4、對(duì)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行批注
〖教師活動(dòng)〗語文老師在給同學(xué)們批改作文時(shí)會(huì)針對(duì)部分內(nèi)容通過寫出批語,來提出一些修改建議。那么在word中是否也能對(duì)部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要的注釋或增加批語呢?請(qǐng)大家動(dòng)手試試看吧。
有些同學(xué)早就發(fā)現(xiàn)了“審閱”工具欄中的“插入批注”按鈕,很快就學(xué)會(huì)了批注操作。沒找到的同學(xué)趕快試試吧。請(qǐng)大家注意:(1)如何編輯批注內(nèi)容?(2)如何刪除批注內(nèi)容?(3)批注與修訂有何不同?
〖學(xué)生活動(dòng)〗嘗試針對(duì)部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行批注并探索與批注相關(guān)的編輯操作。
四、小結(jié)
請(qǐng)同學(xué)們想一想,這節(jié)課你都學(xué)會(huì)了哪些操作。
通過這節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí),我們感覺到word確實(shí)是書寫文字、編輯文章的好幫手,希望同學(xué)們能夠靈活運(yùn)用本節(jié)所學(xué)的知識(shí)解決學(xué)習(xí)和生活中的問題。
第三篇:歸納文章主要內(nèi)容教案
歸納文章主要內(nèi)容教案
教學(xué)目標(biāo):
1.積累帶“春”的詩(shī)句和本課學(xué)過的名言警句。
2.學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用“段意合并法”和“提取重點(diǎn)段”的方法,歸納文章主要內(nèi)容。教學(xué)重點(diǎn):
學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用“段意合并法”和“提取重點(diǎn)段”的方法,歸納文章主要內(nèi)容。教學(xué)難點(diǎn):
能夠結(jié)合文章,運(yùn)用“段意合并法”和“提取重點(diǎn)段”的方法,歸納主要內(nèi)容。
教學(xué)過程:
一、學(xué)前熱身
(一)讀讀記記
1.這學(xué)期,我們專門積累過和“春”有關(guān)的詩(shī)句,你還記得哪些呢?一邊填寫下面的詩(shī)句,一邊回憶。這首詩(shī)是誰寫的?他是哪朝人?整首詩(shī)怎么背? 2.學(xué)生填寫,教師巡視審閱 3.全班交流 參考答案:
(1)(春蠶)到死絲方盡,蠟炬成灰淚始干。
(2)(春潮)帶雨晚來急,野渡無人舟自橫。
(3)(春江)潮水連江平,海上明月共潮生。
(4)(春風(fēng))又綠江南岸,明月何時(shí)照我還?
(5)(春色)滿園關(guān)不住,一枝紅杏出墻來。
(6)(春城)無處不飛花,寒食東來御柳斜。
(7)(春宵)一刻值千金,花有清香月有陰。
(8)忽如一夜(春風(fēng))來,千樹萬樹梨花開。補(bǔ)充資料:
《無題》
(唐)
李商隱
相見時(shí)難別亦難,東風(fēng)無力百花殘。春蠶到死絲方盡,蠟炬成灰淚始干。
曉鏡但愁云鬢改,夜吟應(yīng)覺月光寒。蓬山此去無多路,青鳥殷勤為探看?!冻菸鳚尽罚ㄌ疲╉f應(yīng)物
獨(dú)憐幽草澗邊生,上有黃鸝深樹鳴。春潮帶雨晚來急,野渡無人舟自橫?!洞航ㄔ乱埂罚ㄌ疲埲籼?/p>
春江潮水連海平,海上明月共潮生。滟滟隨波千萬里,何處春江無月明? 江流宛轉(zhuǎn)繞芳甸,月照花林皆似霰??绽锪魉挥X飛,汀上白沙看不見。江天一色無纖塵,皎皎空中孤月輪。江畔何人初見月?江月何年初照人? 人生代代無窮已,江月年年只相似。不知江月待何人,但見長(zhǎng)江送流水。白云一片去悠悠,青楓浦上不勝愁。誰家今夜扁舟子?何處相思明月樓? 可憐樓上月徘徊,應(yīng)照離人妝鏡臺(tái)。玉戶簾中卷不去,搗衣砧上拂還來。此時(shí)相望不相聞,愿逐月華流照君。鴻雁長(zhǎng)飛光不度,魚龍潛躍水成文。昨夜閑潭夢(mèng)落花,可憐春半不還家。江水流春去欲盡,江潭落月復(fù)西斜。斜月沉沉藏海霧,碣石瀟湘無限路。不知乘月幾人歸?落花搖情滿江樹?!恫创现蕖罚ㄋ危?/p>
王安石
京口瓜洲一水間,鐘山只隔數(shù)重山。春風(fēng)又綠江南岸,明月何時(shí)照我還?
《游園不值》(宋)
葉紹翁
應(yīng)憐屐齒印蒼苔,小扣柴扉久不開。春色滿園關(guān)不住,一枝紅杏出墻來?!逗场罚ㄌ疲?/p>
韓翃
春城無處不飛花,寒食東風(fēng)御柳斜。日暮漢宮傳蠟燭,輕煙散入五侯家?!洞合罚ㄋ危┨K軾
春宵一刻值千金,花有清香月有陰。歌管樓臺(tái)聲細(xì)細(xì),秋千院落夜沉沉。《白雪歌送武判官歸京》(唐)
岑參
北風(fēng)卷地白草折,胡天八月即飛雪。忽如一夜春風(fēng)來,千樹萬樹梨花開。
散入珠簾濕羅幕,狐裘不暖錦衾薄。軍角弓不得控,都護(hù)鐵衣冷難著。
瀚海闌干百丈冰,愁云慘淡萬里凝。中軍置酒飲歸客,胡琴琵琶與羌笛。
紛紛暮雪下轅門,風(fēng)掣紅旗凍不翻。輪臺(tái)東門送君去,去時(shí)雪滿天山路。
山回路轉(zhuǎn)不見君,雪上空留馬行處。
(二)讀一讀,想一想。
1.讀下面的名言警句,想想它的意思。2.試著選自己喜歡的一句背一背。
二、指導(dǎo)學(xué)法
1.歸納文章的主要內(nèi)容與歸納段落大意很相似,都是具體內(nèi)容的概括,不同的是段落大意是對(duì)一段話的內(nèi)容的概括,文章主要內(nèi)容是對(duì)整篇文章內(nèi)容的歸納。歸納文章主要內(nèi)容,是對(duì)我們理解能力和概括能力的全新挑戰(zhàn)。今天給大家介紹歸納文章的主要內(nèi)容的方法。
2.介紹兩種歸納主要內(nèi)容的方法:(1)方法一:段意合并法
段落大意是一段話的主要內(nèi)容,就全篇文章來說是“局部”,如果把每段段意連接起來,就是文章的“整體”,是整篇文章的主要內(nèi)容。段意合并法,是連接段意歸納主要內(nèi)容的一種方法。
運(yùn)用段意合并法歸納文章的主要內(nèi)容的步驟是:(1)通讀全文了解大意;
(2)逐段讀,想想每個(gè)段落的大意;(3)把各段大意串聯(lián)起來,綜合歸納。例如《藍(lán)樹葉》:
《藍(lán)樹葉》全文可以分為三段。第一段(第1自然段)的段意是:美術(shù)課上,老師教同學(xué)們畫風(fēng)景,李麗正要畫樹,綠鉛筆找不到了。第二段(第2、3、4自然段)的段意是:李麗向林園園借綠鉛筆,林園園舍不得借給她。第三段(第5自然段)段意是:李麗用藍(lán)鉛筆畫樹葉,林園園看了很難為情。把這三段段意連起來綜合組織一下,這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容可歸納為:李麗上美術(shù)課時(shí)綠鉛筆找不到了,她向林園園借,林園園舍不得借給她,李麗只好用藍(lán)鉛筆畫樹葉,林園園看了藍(lán)樹葉后很難為情。
由此可見,段意合并法歸納文章的主要內(nèi)容,并不是把各段的段意簡(jiǎn)單生硬地拼在一起。而是需要把段中重復(fù)的、次要的內(nèi)容刪去。為了使句子前后聯(lián)系緊密,還要注意有一些連接性的詞語,使語言簡(jiǎn)潔、通順、連貫,避免重復(fù)啰嗦。(2)方法二:提取重點(diǎn)段法
一篇文章一般都是由兩個(gè)以上的段落組成,其中某些段落是文章的重點(diǎn)段落。提取重點(diǎn)段歸納文章的主要內(nèi)容,就是要抓住這個(gè)重點(diǎn)段,其它段落只做些簡(jiǎn)單交待即可。
如:《董存瑞舍身炸暗堡》。全文分為五段,其層次為:必須炸——請(qǐng)求炸——勇敢炸——舍身炸——全殲敵人。從中不難發(fā)現(xiàn),第四段是課文的重點(diǎn)段,采用此種方法歸納為:本文記敘了解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期,董存瑞在解放隆化的戰(zhàn)斗中,為了戰(zhàn)斗的勝利,用自己的身體作支架,炸毀敵人暗堡的英雄壯舉。
歸納主要內(nèi)容,要在“重點(diǎn)”兩個(gè)字上下功夫。要邊讀邊想:這篇文章寫的什么人?什么事?什么景?什么物?哪些是重要的段落?從而歸納出主要內(nèi)容。
再如:《我愛松花江》這篇文章可分成三段:
第一段(第1自然段):“我”愛松花江,她用乳汁把我們哺育大。第二段(2至5自然段):松花江四季的景色各具特色。第三段(6自然段):我愿大自然把松花江打扮得更加妖嬈。
從全文看,第二段是重點(diǎn)段,抓住這段可以歸納出主要內(nèi)容:松花江一年四季景色美麗妖嬈,春天樸實(shí),夏天活潑,秋天溫柔瀟灑,冬天晶瑩。3.教師小結(jié):
運(yùn)用段意合并法歸納主要內(nèi)容要注意兩點(diǎn):一是準(zhǔn)確地概括每段段意,這樣歸納主要內(nèi)容才貼切;二是連接時(shí)要調(diào)換一些詞語,以使前后句子銜接得通順、連貫。
提取重點(diǎn)段歸納文章的主要內(nèi)容要注意兩點(diǎn):一是準(zhǔn)確判斷文章的重點(diǎn)段;二是語言要簡(jiǎn)潔、明了。
歸納文章的主要內(nèi)容,語句可多可少,但是要敘述明白,重點(diǎn)突出,因此,要在認(rèn)真閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上,恰當(dāng)?shù)亟M織語言和運(yùn)用語言。
三、實(shí)踐練習(xí)
練習(xí)一:《搶交以后頭卷》
參考答案:
用段意合并法把各段段意連起來,歸納這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容:
語文考試時(shí),“我”看見試題很容易,想讓大家看看我行,還是顧利榮行,就搶交了頭卷。第二天老師報(bào)顧利榮得了99分,“我”得了86分,我心里很后悔,懂得了學(xué)習(xí)必須踏踏實(shí)實(shí),來不得半點(diǎn)驕傲。
練習(xí)二:《全神貫注》
參考答案:
(1)在原文第4自然段中缺標(biāo)點(diǎn)的地方補(bǔ)上標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。答:應(yīng)填,:“,?!”,(2)給短文分成四段(用“△”表示),寫出第一、二段的段意。
第一段: 羅丹邀請(qǐng)茨威格到家做客,參觀工作室,茨威格看到剛完成的女像作品,拍手叫好,可羅丹卻發(fā)現(xiàn)作品還有毛病。
第二段:茨威格站在一旁,觀看羅丹全神貫注地修改了一個(gè)小時(shí)。
(3)找出描寫羅丹全神貫注工作的話,用“﹏﹏﹏”在原文中把它們找出來。答:應(yīng)畫“只見羅丹一會(huì)兒上前,一會(huì)兒退后,嘴里有時(shí)嘰哩咕嚕,像同最親近的人密談;有時(shí)眼里閃著異樣的神色,似乎在與人進(jìn)行激烈的爭(zhēng)吵。他的腳把地板踏得吱吱直響,他的手不時(shí)在空中舞動(dòng)??。一刻鐘過去了,半小時(shí)過去了,羅丹的動(dòng)作越來越有力,情緒更為激動(dòng)了。他好像喝醉了酒一樣,好像整個(gè)世界對(duì)他來講已經(jīng)消失了?!边@幾句。
(4)文中“旁若無人”一詞的意思是:身旁好象沒有人。說明羅丹修改得過于投入,工作完畢后竟忘了還有客人在,自己就走出了工作室,還準(zhǔn)備鎖上門。(5)“他對(duì)著那座女像發(fā)癡地微笑。然后,輕輕地嘆了口氣,把濕布披在塑像上?!边@里“輕輕地嘆了口氣”的正確含義是:(③)① 羅丹心里有點(diǎn)兒發(fā)愁,不痛快。② 羅丹干了一個(gè)小時(shí)的活兒,有點(diǎn)累了。③ 羅丹圓滿地修正了藝術(shù)品的缺陷,心里很滿意,如釋重負(fù)。④ 羅丹只是很自然地嘆了口氣,并沒有什么意思。
(6)原文中有一句話點(diǎn)明了文章的主要意思,請(qǐng)用“_____”畫下來。答:畫下“人類的一切工作,如果值得去做,而且要做得好,那就應(yīng)該全神貫注?!边@句。
(7)寫出文章的主要內(nèi)容。
羅丹邀請(qǐng)茨威格到家做客,參觀工作室,茨威格看到剛完成的女像作品,拍手叫好,可羅丹卻發(fā)現(xiàn)作品還有毛病。茨威格站在一旁,觀看羅丹全神貫注地修改了一個(gè)小時(shí)。工作完畢,羅丹竟忘記了還有客人在。茨威格由此感受到人類的一切工作,要做得好,就應(yīng)該全神貫注。
四、欣賞感悟
(一)點(diǎn)撥閱讀
這篇文章不是就石榴寫石榴,而是將石榴與別的樹木進(jìn)行比較,從而突出了石榴的“個(gè)性特色”,給讀者留下鮮明的印象。另外,想象豐富、奇特,令人驚嘆。這一點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)在作者對(duì)石榴花的描寫上。實(shí)實(shí)在在地說,石榴花無論是花形還是花色,都很一般,不像梅花、牡丹、菊、蘭、荷等特點(diǎn)鮮明,可寫的內(nèi)容較多。面對(duì)這種情況,一般作者也許只能如實(shí)地寫上幾句。但是這樣寫很難成為令讀者驚嘆的美文。郭沫若先生不愧是大手筆,他緊緊抓住了石榴花的花形特點(diǎn),展開了想象的翅膀。于是,在他的筆下,原本平淡無奇的石榴花一下子變得不同凡響,美不勝收:有的好像插在用紅瑪瑙琢成的花瓶里,那些花瓣,無論用怎樣犀利的剪刀都剪不出那樣勻稱;有的則變成了古味盎然的青銅器——中國(guó)殷、周時(shí)盛酒的酒杯。更妙的是到了秋天,她們又變成了忍俊不禁露出一口皓齒的美人兒??作者觀察之敏銳,想象之豐富、奇特,令人驚嘆叫絕!
(二)閱讀感悟
用“ ”畫出你喜歡的部分,想一想作者這樣寫的好處,并寫下自己的感受。參考答案:
從全文布局上看:
作者先是向我們展現(xiàn)了一幅中遠(yuǎn)景的畫面:炎熱的夏季,萬木叢中開花的石榴。第二段,是一幅近景:集中展示了石榴的形象,她的枝干、她的葉片。第三至第六段,特寫:以動(dòng)態(tài)畫面的方式展示榴花的形成、特征,及其在秋天結(jié)成果實(shí)。第八段,畫面拉回,重新展現(xiàn)中遠(yuǎn)景的夏季圖景。
從修辭手法上看:
“比喻”和“擬人”這樣的修辭技巧在作品中有相當(dāng)頻繁而又極為成功的使用。比如,將榴花比喻為“花瓶”、“希臘式的安普剌”和“中國(guó)式的金罍”,直至將其比喻為“夏天的心臟”;比如,又對(duì)榴花進(jìn)行擬人化的修辭,將其由榴花演變?yōu)楣麑?shí)比擬變戲法,而且還會(huì)對(duì)其戲法“忍俊不禁地破口大笑”從而“露出一口的皓齒”。這些修辭,不僅使作品對(duì)于石榴的刻畫更加逼真,更加形象,而且還使作品更加生動(dòng),更加充滿了機(jī)趣,從而也更加有益于展現(xiàn)石榴的生命活力。
板書設(shè)計(jì):
一、段意合并法——調(diào)換詞語,通順連貫
(一)通讀全文了解大意;
(二)逐段讀,想想每個(gè)段落的大意;
(三)把各段大意串聯(lián)起來,綜合歸納。
二、提取重點(diǎn)段法——準(zhǔn)確判斷,簡(jiǎn)潔明了
布置作業(yè):
1.積累本課名言和帶“春”的詩(shī)句。
找一篇閱讀短文,練習(xí)用今天學(xué)到的方法歸納文章主要內(nèi)容。
第四篇:理解段落和文章 教案
【課題】理解段落和文章 【課型】小升初語文備考班 【年級(jí)】六年級(jí) 【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】
1.掌握劃分段落的方法; 2.掌握概括段落大意的方法; 3.掌握歸納中心思想的方法; 4.理解文章的表達(dá)方法?!窘虒W(xué)重點(diǎn)】
概括段意和歸納中心思想?!窘虒W(xué)難點(diǎn)】
如何教會(huì)學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)概括段意和歸納中心思想?!菊n時(shí)】?jī)烧n時(shí) 【教學(xué)過程】
一、預(yù)習(xí)作業(yè)檢查(5分鐘)
由于本講知識(shí)點(diǎn)較多,并且較為枯燥,所以在課堂上盡量采用探究式的教學(xué)方法來開展教學(xué)??偟膩碇v,本講分為4個(gè)部分,第一個(gè)部分是劃分段落,是小學(xué)階段訓(xùn)練較多的,所以這個(gè)部分要求學(xué)生在課前自學(xué)。老師在上課前檢查的預(yù)習(xí)作業(yè)就是了解學(xué)生對(duì)這個(gè)部分的掌握情況。對(duì)于掌握的不好的,要根據(jù)書本內(nèi)容加以強(qiáng)化。并且,該部分知識(shí)在后面還要用到。
二、新授
師:同學(xué)們,經(jīng)過這么一段時(shí)間的學(xué)習(xí),我們總算有所跨越了。如果說之前的學(xué)習(xí)一直圍繞在山腰上轉(zhuǎn),那么,我們今天這節(jié)課,就是帶你們到山頂,體驗(yàn)“一覽眾山小”的感覺。我們之前學(xué)習(xí)的知識(shí),在這里也將得到綜合運(yùn)用,所以,這節(jié)課對(duì)于我們來講是非常重要的,必須得認(rèn)真對(duì)待。
(一)概括段意(40分鐘)
師:好了,給大家寒暄了半天,總得給大家?guī)睃c(diǎn)驚喜吧。先來學(xué)習(xí)概括段意。段意大家都很清楚,就是這一段所要寫的意思,也就是要求我們能力理解語段的意思。
概括段意有幾個(gè)原則:明確、完整、簡(jiǎn)要、通順。“明確”是指讓別人一看就明白這段主要寫什么?!巴暾笔侵冈摳爬ǖ囊c(diǎn)不能遺漏?!昂?jiǎn)要”是指語句要簡(jiǎn)潔,做到言簡(jiǎn)意明。“通順”是指語句要通順。
運(yùn)用這些原則,我們來看看概括段意究竟有哪些方法。這里告訴大家5個(gè)方法。
1、摘句歸納法
2、合并歸納法
3、取主舍次法
4、提問整理法
5、列小標(biāo)題法
(根據(jù)PPT內(nèi)容,逐個(gè)講解每種方法的意思和例子。)做練習(xí),總結(jié)。
(每個(gè)方法講解時(shí)間8至10分鐘左右,第一節(jié)課到此為止)
(二)歸納中心思想
文章的思想感情是指作者寫這篇文章的目的。具體說是作者想通過文章的主要內(nèi)容贊揚(yáng)什么,批評(píng)什么,反對(duì)什么,抒發(fā)什么感情,說明什么道理等等。如果我們體會(huì)出文章的思想感情,就能對(duì)文章理解得更深刻。
概括中心思想三原則:確切、完整、簡(jiǎn)要。
確切,就是概括要準(zhǔn)確、恰當(dāng),能概括出這篇文章所特有的思想意義。完整,就是把作者寫這篇文章的目的完整地概括出來。
簡(jiǎn)要,就是用簡(jiǎn)明扼要的語句來表達(dá)。但是它必須以確切、完整為前提。概括主要內(nèi)容常用的詞語有: “描述了......”、“刻畫了......”、“通過......” 等等
概括思想意義常用的詞語有: “表現(xiàn)了......”、“說明了......”、“表達(dá)了......”、“歌頌了......”、“贊揚(yáng)了......”、“揭露了......”、“鞭撻 了......” 等等。
概括中心思想的方法:
1、分析題目概括法
2、從文章的開頭找出中心
3、從過渡句、段找中心
4、從文章的結(jié)尾撥出中心
5、在文章主人翁的語言描寫中找中心
6、從抒情部分找中心
7、從作者的議論部分找中心
8、從課文的反復(fù)部分找中心
9、從重點(diǎn)句、段找中心
(根據(jù)書本內(nèi)容講解,講完上面內(nèi)容用45分鐘左右時(shí)間。)
三、總結(jié)
總結(jié)這節(jié)課學(xué)到的知識(shí)點(diǎn),并加強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的掌握和鞏固。
四、作業(yè)布置
1.自學(xué)第三部分。2.完成書本練習(xí)。
第五篇:如何概括文章主旨教案
[解題總述]
在具體解答現(xiàn)代文閱讀試題的過程中,首先要總體把握,觀其大略,明白文章的主旨(主題或中心思想);然后,再以主旨映照全文,看一看為表現(xiàn)主旨都使用了哪些材料(選材),又是怎樣組織這些材料的(結(jié)構(gòu)),為表現(xiàn)文章主旨還運(yùn)用了哪些藝術(shù)方法(表達(dá)技巧),這些藝術(shù)方法又是從哪些方面、哪些角度服務(wù)于主旨的,對(duì)揭示文章主旨又有什么好處,等等。本篇著重從如何概括主旨的角度來介紹一些解題方法。
練前指導(dǎo):
主旨是指文章的寫作意圖,它是文章的靈魂。其內(nèi)涵包括情感態(tài)度、精神品質(zhì)、道理感悟和希望號(hào)召等。在不同體裁的文章中,文章主旨的表現(xiàn)形態(tài)是有差異。議論文的主旨即是文章中心論點(diǎn),在科技說明文中介紹的事物特征或所說明的事理就是文章主旨。在文學(xué)作品中,作者通過寫人敘事狀物所表達(dá)出來的某種觀點(diǎn)、認(rèn)識(shí)或情感即為文章主旨。
歸納文章主旨最基本的要求是必須首先整體把握全文。要能對(duì)所給材料作宏觀上的把握,做到對(duì)整篇文章了然于胸。這樣才能把握文意,領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的目的和意圖。
近年來,考查分析歸納文主旨的題型主要有以下七種:
l.從文中獲得了怎樣的感悟(啟迪)?2.文章的中心論點(diǎn)是什么?3.文章抒發(fā)了作者怎祥的思想感情?4.本文揭示了怎樣的人生哲理? 5.作者的態(tài)度是什么? 6.用簡(jiǎn)潔的語言概括出文章的主旨。7.聯(lián)系時(shí)代背景,說說文中之物的象征意義。
那么怎樣才能有效地歸納文章的主旨呢? 一般有四種方法:
1.中心句提煉法
中心句是指一段話或一篇文章中凝練而又能體現(xiàn)中心的一兩處語句。抓住中心句就抓住了文章的筋。中心句一般在文章開頭,有的甚至就在第一自然段;當(dāng)然也有在文章尾段,卒章顯志的。我們?cè)陂喿x時(shí),就要注意抓住那些表明作者立場(chǎng)、觀點(diǎn)、情感、態(tài)度的句子,如果它能統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文內(nèi)容,毫無疑問,那就是文章的主旨了。
2.歸納綜合法
大多數(shù)文章,并不一定有明顯的中心句。這就需要?dú)w納綜合了。一篇文章,我們把各段落的段意綜合起來,然后理清其關(guān)系:詳與略、鋪墊與關(guān)鍵、正與反、映襯與主體等。不論哪種關(guān)系,它們都只有一個(gè)與寫作意圖密切相關(guān)的中心意思,那就是文章的主旨。
3.背景分析法
文章一般都有明顯的時(shí)代性,它反映著特定時(shí)代的社會(huì)生活,同時(shí)還反映出特定時(shí)代的作者的個(gè)性特征。因此,分析組織文章主旨,還要關(guān)注作品的時(shí)代背景甚至作者的思想背景。
4.事件、形象分析法
以寫人為主的文章,往往通過人物形象的刻畫來表現(xiàn)主題,分析歸納這類文章的主旨,就應(yīng)從分析人物形象人手。我們?cè)陂喿x小說時(shí)運(yùn)用這種方法十分有效。如《孔乙己》,從環(huán)境、相關(guān)人物、情節(jié)及細(xì)節(jié)等方面綜合起來看,可知孔乙己是一個(gè)深受封建教育、封建科舉制度毒害,抱殘守缺、不知變通、迂腐、麻本、受盡人間涼薄、嘲笑,甚至遭迫害的舊讀書人的形象。從他的經(jīng)歷與遭遇中不難領(lǐng)會(huì)到作者的寫作意圖:在于批判封建科舉制度,在于諷刺孔乙己這類人的迂腐麻木,在于批判世態(tài)炎涼、人情冷暖,批判那些冷漠、無聊、麻木的看客。5標(biāo)題入手法。6段首段尾概括法。7利用抒情議論句法。
當(dāng)然,以上幾種分析歸納文章主旨的方法,并不是單獨(dú)運(yùn)用的。我們具體操作時(shí)要綜合各方面因素加以考慮,才能更為準(zhǔn)確地把握文章的主旨。
另外,在具體的操作中,還有一些小技巧可以作為補(bǔ)充:(l)緊扣文題。有許多文章,文題就是文章的主旨。(2)注意文中議論、抒情的表達(dá)方式。文中的議論有的是揭示人物品質(zhì),有的揭示事件意義,有的直接揭示文章的主旨。文中抒情句其實(shí)已包含了作者的情感態(tài)度,顯示了作者的傾向性,這些都有助于對(duì)主旨的理解。(3)注意文中一些特殊句子。如矛盾句、反問句、警句等,往往與主旨密切相關(guān)。
歸納文章的主旨(中心),在語言表述上一般來說有一些格式,不同的文體歸納中心的格式不同。了解一些這方面的情況,對(duì)歸納中心有幫助,但不應(yīng)拘泥于此格式。文學(xué)作品文本主旨?xì)w納格式如下: 寫人為主:記敘了……贊揚(yáng)了……表達(dá)了
記事為主:記敘了……批評(píng)(歌頌)了……表現(xiàn)了…… 寫景狀物:采用……手法,借助……描寫,贊揚(yáng)…… 游記:描寫了……表達(dá)了……感情