第一篇：2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)教案

2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)教案

專(zhuān)題八 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

【專(zhuān)題要點(diǎn)】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用法如下：1.動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)；2.只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)；3.只跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞； 4.既可以跟動(dòng)名詞又可以跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，且意義不同的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)；5.不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別；6.不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別； 7.不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別；8.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)； 9.there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的兩種非謂語(yǔ)形式；10.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)； 11.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。

【考綱要求】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式和過(guò)去分詞三種形式。動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),也是每年高考熱點(diǎn)中的熱點(diǎn), 考綱要求掌握：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)；他們?cè)谟⒄Z(yǔ)句子中的作用；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本用法和含義，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中可以充當(dāng)多種句子成分，比如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等；掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)相同句子成分時(shí)的辨析；掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在不同的語(yǔ)境、語(yǔ)義下的運(yùn)用。對(duì)于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)考綱要求掌握獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成方式；在句子中的作用以及with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

【教法指引】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括不定式、v-ing形式和過(guò)去分詞，是高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，也是高考考查的重點(diǎn)。高中英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)，教師在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)備考中要注意重點(diǎn)突出、訓(xùn)練得當(dāng)，尤其是對(duì)以下要點(diǎn)的復(fù)習(xí)： 1.不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的用法區(qū)別；2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式與被動(dòng)式；3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完成式的用法；4.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)；5.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作目的狀語(yǔ)；6.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)；7.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；8.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)問(wèn)題；9.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題；10.“(be+)過(guò)去分詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)；11.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和there be結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。

對(duì)于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)習(xí)，教師必須要講清它的構(gòu)成方式和在句子中的作用以及與with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和分詞之間的辨析的關(guān)系?！局R(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)】 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。為了區(qū)分這三種不同的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法和含義，我們將分別從三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)以及一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)句型等角度來(lái)區(qū)分其用法和細(xì)微含義。1．不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象動(dòng)作；而不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．這里禁止抽煙。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽這么多煙對(duì)你身體很不好。(具體)(2)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。不定式短語(yǔ)通常用來(lái)表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰時(shí)刻開(kāi)車(chē)令人厭煩。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))(3）不定式做主語(yǔ)，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，把作主語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2．不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1)不定式作表語(yǔ)

1)不定式作表語(yǔ)一般表示具體動(dòng)作，特別是表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。

To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做兩件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建議是立刻開(kāi)始干。2）如果主語(yǔ)是不定式（表示條件），表語(yǔ)也是不定式（表示結(jié)果）。To see is to believe.百聞不如一見(jiàn)。

To work means to earn a living．工作就是為了生活。

3)如果主語(yǔ)是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式作表語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 作用。

His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)買(mǎi)一輛豪華轎車(chē)。

The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．(2)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)：動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，表示抽象的一般性的行為。Our work is serving the people．我們的工作是為人民服務(wù)。His hobby is collecting stamps．他的愛(ài)好是集郵。(注)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同，但其所屬結(jié)構(gòu)迥異，進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)完成的。動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或情況。

People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．(3)分詞作表語(yǔ)

分詞做表語(yǔ)有兩種情況，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ)，一種是過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)，這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經(jīng)?？嫉降牡胤?。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞如excite，interest等都是及物動(dòng)詞，漢語(yǔ)意思不是“激動(dòng)”，“高興”，而是“使激動(dòng)”、“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動(dòng)的”、“令人高興的”，過(guò)去分詞則是“感到激動(dòng)的”和“感到高興的”。所以，凡表示“令人??的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到??”都用-ed形式。換句話(huà)說(shuō)，若人對(duì)??感興趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有興趣時(shí)，就是說(shuō)sb./sth.is interesting.這類(lèi)詞常見(jiàn)的有： interesting使人感到高興--interested感到高興的 exciting令人激動(dòng)的--excited感到激動(dòng)的 delighting令人高興的--delighted感到高興的 disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人費(fèi)解的--puzzled感到費(fèi)解的 satisfying令人滿(mǎn)意的---satisfied感到滿(mǎn)意的 surprising令人驚異的--surprised感到驚異的 worrying令人擔(dān)心的--worried感到擔(dān)心的

Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。

The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要學(xué)生學(xué)得太多，他們會(huì)感到糊涂的。

The argument is very convincing．他的論點(diǎn)很令人信服。

They were very excited at the news．聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他們非常激動(dòng)。3．不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

英語(yǔ)中大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語(yǔ)，但有些動(dòng)詞要求：(1)不定式做賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 1)下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓語(yǔ) 【口訣記憶】

決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝，主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃 同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫，愿望似乎就沒(méi)有，碰巧承擔(dān)常努力。attempt企圖 enable能夠 neglect忽視 afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 begin開(kāi)始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 appear似乎，顯得 determine決定 manage設(shè)法 cease停止 hate憎恨，厭惡 pretend假裝 ask問(wèn) dread害怕 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love愛(ài) swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg請(qǐng)求 fail不能 plan計(jì)劃

bother擾亂；煩惱 forget忘記 prefer喜歡，寧愿 care關(guān)心，喜歡 happen碰巧 prepare準(zhǔn)備 decide決定 learn學(xué)習(xí)regret抱歉，遺憾 choose選擇 hesitate猶豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承諾，允許 start開(kāi)始 undertake承接 want想要 consent同意，贊同 intend想要 refuse拒絕 decide決定 learn學(xué)習(xí)vow起

contrive設(shè)法，圖謀 incline有?傾向 propose提議 seek找，尋覓 try試圖

2)下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓補(bǔ)：動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式 ask要求，邀請(qǐng) get請(qǐng)，得到 prompt促使 allow允許 forbid禁止 prefer喜歡，寧愿 announce宣布 force強(qiáng)迫 press迫使 bride 收買(mǎi) inspire鼓舞 request請(qǐng)求 assist協(xié)助 hate憎惡 pronounce斷定，表示 advise勸告 exhort告誡，勉勵(lì) pray請(qǐng)求

authorize授權(quán)，委托 help幫助 recommend勸告，推薦 bear容忍 implore懇求 remind提醒 beg請(qǐng)求 induce引誘 report報(bào)告

compel強(qiáng)迫 invite吸引，邀請(qǐng)，summon傳喚 command命令 intend想要，企圖 show 顯示 drive驅(qū)趕 mean意欲，打算 train訓(xùn)練 cause引起 instruct指示 require要求 deserve應(yīng)受 leave使，讓 tell告訴 direct指導(dǎo) like喜歡 tempt勸誘 entitle有資格 order命令 warn告誡 enable使能夠 need需要 urge激勵(lì)，力說(shuō) encourage鼓勵(lì) oblige不得不 want想要 condemn指責(zé)，譴責(zé) lead引起，使得 teach教 entreat懇求 permit允許 wish希望(2)有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ) 【口訣記憶】

考慮建議盼原諒，避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞 禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡

acknowledge承認(rèn)，自認(rèn) cease 停止 mention說(shuō)到，講到 admit 承認(rèn) tolerate忍受 dislike不喜歡，討厭 advocate：提倡，主張 complete完成 dread可怕 appreciate 感激，欣賞 confess坦白 endure忍受 avoid避免 contemplate細(xì)想 enjoy享有，喜愛(ài) bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒

can't help不禁 delay延遲 escape逃跑，逃避 can't stand受不了 deny否認(rèn) excuse借口 consider 考慮 detest嫌惡 fancy幻想，愛(ài)好 favor 造成，偏愛(ài) mind 介意 repent悔悟 figure描繪，計(jì)算 miss錯(cuò)過(guò) resent怨恨

finish完成，結(jié)束不得 pardon原諒，饒恕 resist抵抗，阻止 forgive原諒 permit 允許 resume恢復(fù) imagine設(shè)想 postpone延遲，延期 risk冒險(xiǎn)

involve卷入，包含 practise 實(shí)行，實(shí)踐 suggest建議 hate討厭 prevent阻止 save營(yíng)救，儲(chǔ)蓄 keep保持 quit放棄停止 stand堅(jiān)持，忍受 loathe非常討厭，厭惡 recall回想

I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激兩年前給我出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。

(3)有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的差別 【口訣記憶】 想起忘記常后悔

1）forget to do 忘記要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing忘記做過(guò)某事（此事已做過(guò)或已發(fā)生）2）stop to do 停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事 3）remember to do 記住去做某事（未做）remember doing記得做過(guò)某事(已做)4)regret to do對(duì)要做的事遺憾 regret doing對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾、后悔 5）try to do努力、企圖做某事 try doing試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法 6)mean to do打算，有意要? mean doing意味著

7）go on to do 繼而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing 繼續(xù)（原先沒(méi)有做完的事情）8）propose to do 打算（要做某事）proposing doing建議（做某事）9)like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具體行為；+doing sth 表示抽象、傾向概念（注)如果這些動(dòng)詞前有should一詞，其后賓語(yǔ)只跟不定式，不能跟動(dòng)名詞。例如： I should like to see him tomorrow．

10)need, want, deserve +動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)意義；+不定式被動(dòng)態(tài)表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。

Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎? You must remember to leave tomorrow．你可要記著是明天動(dòng)身。

I don't regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔給她講過(guò)我的想法。(已講過(guò))I regret to have to do this，but I have no choice．我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒(méi)辦法。(未做但要做)You must try to be more careful．你可要多加小心。

Let's try doing the work some other way．讓我們?cè)囈辉囉昧硗庖环N辦法來(lái)做這工作。I didn't mean to hurt your feeling．我沒(méi)想要傷害你的感情。

This illness will mean(your)going to hospital．得了這種病(你)就要進(jìn)醫(yī)院。4．不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1）不定式作定語(yǔ)

1)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是主謂關(guān)系

He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一個(gè)離開(kāi)教室的。The train to arrive was from London．將要到站的火車(chē)是從倫敦開(kāi)來(lái)的。2)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 Get him something to eat．給他拿點(diǎn)兒東西吃。

She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做。

3)不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語(yǔ)，要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，這里的介詞不能省去。

I need a pen to write with．我需要一支筆寫(xiě)字。There is nothing to worry about．沒(méi)有什么值得發(fā)愁的。

4)不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時(shí)間、機(jī)會(huì)、權(quán)利等抽象名詞如： ability能力，本領(lǐng) drive趕，駕駛 movement運(yùn)動(dòng)，活動(dòng) ambition抱負(fù)，野心 effort努力，嘗試 need需要，需求 campaign戰(zhàn)役，運(yùn)動(dòng) failure失敗，不及格 opportunity機(jī)會(huì) chance機(jī)會(huì) force力，壓力，要點(diǎn) promise許諾，希望 courage勇氣 intention意向，意圖 reason理由，原因 decision決定 method方法，方式 light光，光線(xiàn)，亮光

determination決心，決定 motive動(dòng)機(jī)，目的 struggle奮斗，努力，tendency傾向，趨勢(shì) wish希望，愿望，祝愿

5）被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或next，second, last, only和not a，the等限定詞時(shí)候，只能用不定式。

6）不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語(yǔ)。John will do anything but work on a farm．除了農(nóng)活，約翰什么都愿意干。

7）如果其動(dòng)詞要求用不定式做賓語(yǔ)，或者其形容詞要求不定式做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，則相應(yīng)的名詞一般用不定式做定語(yǔ)。如： tend to do---tendency to do；decide to do = decision to do；be curious to do = curiosity to do His wish to buy a car came true．他要買(mǎi)輛車(chē)的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us． 他們放棄這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的決定使我們大吃一驚。

He is always the first to come and the last to leave． 他總是第一個(gè)到來(lái)，最后一個(gè)離去。(2)分詞作定語(yǔ)

分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)有下面幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：

1)現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞一般表示被動(dòng)含意。2)現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示狀態(tài)或做完(完成)的事。He rushed into the burning house．他沖進(jìn)了正在燃燒著的房子。

The child standing over there is my brother．站在那兒的男孩子是我弟弟。The room facing south is our classroom．朝南的房間是我們的教室。Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那個(gè)修好的表了嗎? He is an advanced teacher．他是個(gè)先進(jìn)教師。

3）下列不及物動(dòng)詞也以過(guò)去分詞形式做定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，但不具有被動(dòng)意義，這點(diǎn)要注意： departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come(3)不定式和分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的時(shí)間關(guān)系 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后；現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。例如：

Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要見(jiàn)那位將從北京請(qǐng)來(lái)的醫(yī)生嗎？

Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office? 你要見(jiàn)那位正在辦公室里寫(xiě)病歷的醫(yī)生嗎？ 5．不定式和分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

（1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。

現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)關(guān)系的區(qū)別。

1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后將門(mén)隨手關(guān)上。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。

2）過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果對(duì)這些樹(shù)多關(guān)心一些，它們本來(lái)會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。

Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困難的時(shí)候，我們必須設(shè)法克服。(2)動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

1)分詞作狀語(yǔ)一般表示伴隨，而不定式常常表示目的。

They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他們站在路邊談?wù)撝@個(gè)計(jì)劃。(伴隨)They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他們站在路邊為的是談?wù)撨@個(gè)計(jì)劃。(目的)2)分詞作狀語(yǔ)放在句子開(kāi)頭，除表示原因之外有時(shí)表示時(shí)間或條件。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，除了表示目的以外，還表示結(jié)果或原因。Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在專(zhuān)心讀書(shū)，他忘了吃午飯的時(shí)間。(原因)Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔細(xì)讀書(shū)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。(時(shí)間)Reading carefully，you'll learn something new．只要你仔細(xì)閱讀，你會(huì)學(xué)到一些新的東西。(條件)His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太窮，不能維持他的生活。(結(jié)果)The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．這男孩個(gè)子不夠高，手伸不到書(shū)架。(結(jié)果)We are glad to hear the news．我們很高興聽(tīng)到這消息。(原因)（3）下面一些句型是不定式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)候應(yīng)該注意的：

a：not/never too?to, too?not to , but/only too? to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意義

b：做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的不定式只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾，常見(jiàn)的不定式動(dòng)詞有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。

c：不定式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般為句子的主語(yǔ)，否則用for引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)。6．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？嫉钠渌Y(jié)構(gòu)（1)疑問(wèn)詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

疑問(wèn)詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語(yǔ)。它在句中可以用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和雙重賓語(yǔ)。如：

When to start has not been decided．何時(shí)動(dòng)身尚未決定。(主語(yǔ))I don't know what to do．我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語(yǔ))The difficulty was how to cross the river．困難在于如何過(guò)河。(表語(yǔ))I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告訴你哪里可以買(mǎi)到此書(shū)。（雙重賓語(yǔ)）注）A.有時(shí)疑問(wèn)詞前可用介詞，如：

I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。

B.動(dòng)詞know 后面不能直接跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，只能跟疑問(wèn)詞（如：how, what）+不定式： While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.(2)介詞except和but作“只有?，只能?”講時(shí)跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu)（but與不帶to的不定式 連用）。

When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.(3)不帶to的不定式

1）在表示生理感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞后的不定式不帶to。這類(lèi)詞有： feel 覺(jué)得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear聽(tīng)到 watch注視 listen to聽(tīng) perceive察覺(jué)，感知 notice注意 see看見(jiàn) look at看 hear聽(tīng)

On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went on the rescue.2)另一類(lèi)是某些使役動(dòng)詞，如make, let，have等。如： Let him do it.讓他做吧。

I would have you know that I am ill．我想要你知道我病了。(注)：

①上述感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞與使役動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)．其后的不定式一般需帶to，如： He was seen to come．

The boy was made to go to bed early.②在動(dòng)詞find與help之后，不定式可帶to亦可不帶to，如: He was surprised to find the sheep(to)break fence at this season．他發(fā)現(xiàn)羊在此季節(jié)越出柵欄，感到驚訝。

3)在do nothing／anything／everything but(except)結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：

Last night I did nothing but watch TV．昨天晚上，我除了看電視別的什么也沒(méi)有干。但是，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶。

The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking．醫(yī)生除了讓他戒煙，其它什么都沒(méi)有說(shuō)。

There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent．除了保持沉默以外，他們沒(méi)有別有別的辦法。

（4）不定式與動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)和分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)

1)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)為：for +名詞(或代詞賓格)+ 不定式。例如： I found it impossible for him to do the job alone．我發(fā)現(xiàn)他—個(gè)人干這活是不可能的。

(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容詞后面，常用of引出不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。例如： It was wise of him to do that．他那樣做是明智的。

2)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為；①人稱(chēng)代詞的所有格+動(dòng)名詞；②名詞's+動(dòng)名詞。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them．他堅(jiān)持要我和他們一起去。He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜歡他妻子工作得很晚。

3)某些形容詞，如：careless等不定式后可以加of來(lái)引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語(yǔ)。這類(lèi)詞主要有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 It is very kind of you to help me．你幫助我太好了。

間或也可用for + there to be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遺憾了公司里有這么多的麻煩。

7．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的有關(guān)句型（1）動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的句型

1）Doing...+ v.Reading is an art.閱讀是門(mén)藝術(shù)。Seeing is believing.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。2)It is + no use, no good(fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名詞+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭沒(méi)有用。It is no good objecting.反對(duì)也沒(méi)有用。It is a great fun playing football．打籃球很有趣。

It is a waste of time trying to explain．設(shè)法解釋是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

3)It is + useless(nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容詞)+ doing sth． It is useless speaking.光說(shuō)沒(méi)用。

It is nice seeing you again．真高興又遇到了你。It is good Playing chess after supper．晚飯后弈棋挺好。It is expensive running this car．開(kāi)這種小車(chē)是浪費(fèi)。8.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)

有些非謂語(yǔ)形式已成為固定用語(yǔ)，用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)說(shuō)話(huà)內(nèi)容所特的態(tài)度。1）現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)

judging from / by?, generally speaking, strictly speaking 2)不定式的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)

to tell you the truth, to make things worse, to begin / start with 3)動(dòng)詞原形： Believe it or not(信不信由你)4)作連詞的分詞considering（考慮到，就?而言），providing / provided ?假如，supposing 假如 這些詞用來(lái)表示條件的連詞，后接that 從句。

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

一、概念：

“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”是由名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語(yǔ)，加上分詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或介詞短語(yǔ)作為邏輯謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上與主句沒(méi)有關(guān)系，通常稱(chēng)為“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。

二、功能：

“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”實(shí)質(zhì)就是帶有自己主語(yǔ)的非限定狀語(yǔ)從句。眾所周知非限定性從句通常以主句的某一成分作為自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，從而依附于主句。而有些非限定性從句和無(wú)動(dòng)詞從句帶有自己的主語(yǔ)，在結(jié)構(gòu)上與主句不發(fā)生關(guān)系，因此成為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。其實(shí)，雖然叫做獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，并不是真正的獨(dú)立，它還是一種從屬分句，在句中有多種作用。如：表原因、表?xiàng)l件、表方式、表伴隨、表時(shí)間等，在句中通常起狀語(yǔ)作用。

三、形式：

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上有兩部分組成：第一部分有名詞或代詞擔(dān)任，第二部分由分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語(yǔ)擔(dān)任。按其結(jié)構(gòu)形式分為：—ing 分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；—ed分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；無(wú)動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等。

四、舉例：

1、There being nothing else to do, they gone away.由于無(wú)事可做，他們離開(kāi)了。（代詞＋－ing;表原因）

2、Miss Wang come into the classroom, books in hand.王老師走進(jìn)教室，手里拿著書(shū)。（無(wú)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)；表伴隨）

3、The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed.老人坐在椅子上，閉著眼睛。（名詞＋－ed;表狀態(tài)）

4、Class over, we began to play basketball.放學(xué)了，我們開(kāi)始玩籃球。（名詞＋副詞；表時(shí)間）

5、Without a word more spoken, he picked up the paper.沒(méi)再多說(shuō)一個(gè)字，他拾起那張紙。（借此結(jié)構(gòu)；表伴隨）

6、The last guest to arrive, our party was started.最后一位客人到了，我們的晚會(huì)開(kāi)始了。（名詞＋不定式；表時(shí)間）

五、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的異同：

1、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞短語(yǔ)都可以轉(zhuǎn)化成狀語(yǔ)從句。但是，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換成狀語(yǔ)從句后，有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，與主句的主語(yǔ)不一致；而分詞短語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化為狀語(yǔ)從句后，從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同。例：

⑴ If time permit, we’d better have a rest at this weekend.－→Time permitting，we’d better have a rest at this weekend.如果時(shí)間允許，本周末我們最好休息一下。

⑵ When we see from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful.－→Seeing from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful.從頂樓上看，花園更漂亮。

2、還應(yīng)該注意，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是總和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，而是主句的其他成分。語(yǔ)法上稱(chēng)作“依著原則”；有些分詞結(jié)構(gòu)在句子上找不到它的邏輯主語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)法上稱(chēng)作“懸垂分詞”。例：

⑴ Looking for my watch in the room, it had taken me a long time.在屋里找表，用了我很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。(依著原則)⑵ When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the root.(我們)種花時(shí)必須小心，不能碰壞花根。（懸垂分詞）

六、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立成分的異同：

1、有的分詞短語(yǔ)可以獨(dú)立存在，在句子中沒(méi)有邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，實(shí)際上已經(jīng)成了習(xí)慣短語(yǔ)。這些短語(yǔ)有：generally speaking;frankly speaking;judging from;supposing等等。例：

⑴ Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)規(guī)則很容易懂。

⑵ Judging from what he said, she must be an honest girl.根據(jù)他所說(shuō)的，她一定很誠(chéng)實(shí)。

2、有些固定短語(yǔ)是帶to的不定式，表明說(shuō)話(huà)人的立場(chǎng)和態(tài)度，在句中作獨(dú)立成分。這些短語(yǔ)有：to be honest;to be sure;to tell you the truth;to cut a long story short;to be frank;to make the matter worse等等。例：

⑴ To tell you the truth, what I said at the meeting was not my opinion.說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)，我在會(huì)上說(shuō)的并不是我的意見(jiàn)。

⑵ To make the matter worse, he locked his keys in the car.更糟糕的是，他把鑰匙鎖在車(chē)?yán)锪?/p>

七、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.有這么能干的人來(lái)幫你, 你遲早一定會(huì)成功的。（such an able man和 to help you 之間存在著主謂關(guān)系）

= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.他在書(shū)桌旁坐好后，他母親開(kāi)始給他講故事。（seating himself at the desk擁有了自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)he，注意是“主格”）

= When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.由于丟了自行車(chē)鑰匙，他只好步行去學(xué)校。（lost 的邏輯主語(yǔ)是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost）

= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.A．不定式“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”

在“邏輯主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可用一個(gè)從句或并列分句來(lái)表達(dá)。1．動(dòng)詞不定式用主動(dòng)的形式

在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.他母親今晚要來(lái),他正在忙著準(zhǔn)備飯菜。（= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.）

——will you go to the concert tonight 你今晚去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)嗎？ ——sorry.So many exercise-books to check, I really can't afford any time.對(duì)不起，有這多的作業(yè)要批，我真的抽不出時(shí)間。

（＝Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight ,I really can't afford any time.）

The four of us agreed on a division of labour , each to translate a quarter of the book.我們四人同意分工干，每人翻譯全書(shū)的四分之一。

（＝The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.）

Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.種上許多的樹(shù)，花和草后，我們新建的學(xué)校將看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)B．-ing形式“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”

動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般應(yīng)與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Being ill, he went home.由于生病,他回家了。（= As he was very ill, he went home.）Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.在課桌旁坐好后，他開(kāi)始看雜志。（= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.）

1． 表示時(shí)間的-ing形式作“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”

Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.每個(gè)人都準(zhǔn)備好后，老師開(kāi)始上課。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句When everyone was ready)The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.每個(gè)人坐好后，主席開(kāi)始開(kāi)會(huì)。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句after everyone was seated）2． 表示原因的-ing形式作“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”

The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.由那個(gè)男孩帶路，我們沒(méi)有困難就找到了那奇怪的洞。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句Because the boy led the way）Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous.許多眼睛看著他，他感到有點(diǎn)兒緊張。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句As many eyes were watching him）必背：

含有being的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded.今天是國(guó)慶節(jié),街上很擁擠。

= As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.沒(méi)有別的事可討論，我們都回家了。

= As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.3． 表示條件的-ing形式作“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”

Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.時(shí)間允許的話(huà)，我們下星期將進(jìn)行一次野炊。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句If time permits)My health allowing, I will work far into the night.我的健康許可的話(huà)，我愿工作到深夜。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句If my health allows）4． 表示方式的-ing形式作“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”

The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.學(xué)生們快樂(lè)地在學(xué)校里走著，每個(gè)人胸前都帶著一張卡。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest）

The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看著天空。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky）

C．-ed形式“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”

與邏輯主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式一樣，如果-ed形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子的主語(yǔ)不一致的話(huà)，就需要用-ed形式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.該書(shū)是用簡(jiǎn)單英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)的，英語(yǔ)初學(xué)者也能看懂。

= As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read it.The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人們的生活條件大大提高，他們工作得更起勁了。

= As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上課專(zhuān)心聽(tīng)講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。

= He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.The task completed, he had two months' leave.任務(wù)完成以后，他休了兩個(gè)月的假。（=When the task had been completed, he had two months' leave.）比較：

動(dòng)詞不定式表示動(dòng)作沒(méi)有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生，動(dòng)詞-ed形式表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，動(dòng)詞-ing形式往往表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。

The manager looks worried，many things to settle.經(jīng)理看上去很著急, 有這么多的事情要處理。（事情還沒(méi)有處理，而且是由經(jīng)理本人來(lái)處理，用不定式to settle）The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.許多事情已經(jīng)處理好了，經(jīng)理看上去很輕松。（事情已經(jīng)處理好了，用動(dòng)詞-ed形式settled表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束）

The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.小孩一邊做飯，一邊看電視。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行）

The food cooked, the boy went to bed.飯做好了，小孩去睡了。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有先后，飯已做好，小孩才去睡覺(jué)的

八、with、without 引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

介詞with/without +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，上面討論過(guò)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種情況在此結(jié)構(gòu)中都能體現(xiàn)。A． with+名詞代詞+形容詞

He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.他不喜歡開(kāi)著窗子睡覺(jué)。

= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.他站在雨中，衣服濕透了。

= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.注意：

在“with+名詞代詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，也可用已形容詞化的-ing形式或-ed形式。

With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.由于兒子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快樂(lè)。

With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.父親如此出名，兒子不想讀書(shū)。B． with+名詞代詞+副詞

Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.所有的燈都打開(kāi)時(shí)，我們的學(xué)?？瓷先ジ?。

= Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父親在前，小孩在后走著。

= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.C． with+名詞代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)

He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.或 He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在門(mén)口，手里拿著一部電腦。

= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.或 Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.文森特坐在課桌前，嘴里銜著一支筆。

= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.D． with+名詞代詞+動(dòng)詞的-ed形式

With his homework done, Peter went out to play.作業(yè)做好了，彼得出去玩了。

= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.With the signal given, the train started.信號(hào)發(fā)出了，火車(chē)開(kāi)始起動(dòng)了。

= After the signal was given, the train started.I wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished.工作還沒(méi)完成，我不敢回家。

= I wouldn’t dare go home because the job was not finished.E． with+名詞代詞+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式

The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.有這么多的孩子坐在他周?chē)悄凶痈械胶芨吲d。

= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起來(lái)，沒(méi)有人知道它在哪里。

= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.他趁沒(méi)人注意的時(shí)候，從窗口溜走了。

= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.F． with+名詞代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式

The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.有這么多的家庭作業(yè)要做，小男孩看上去很不開(kāi)心。

= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.有這么多的名勝可參觀，小孩很激動(dòng)。

The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.提示：

在with/without 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，多數(shù)情況下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.她沒(méi)再說(shuō)什么話(huà)就離開(kāi)了會(huì)議室。（without不能省略）

九、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中除了能充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)和伴隨狀語(yǔ)外，還能作定語(yǔ)。在形式上，“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”可位于句首、句中或句尾，并通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)。A．作狀語(yǔ)

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句或并列分句。1．表示時(shí)間 Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.夜幕降臨，我們?cè)谝患倚÷灭^住了下來(lái)。

（= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.）All the guests seated, they began their dinner.所有的客人就坐后，他們才開(kāi)始吃飯。

（= When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.）With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi home.所需要的都買(mǎi)好后，格雷斯打的回家了。

（After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.）2．表示原因

With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.有許多難題要解決，新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)日子不好過(guò)。

（= As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.）

There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.由于在半夜沒(méi)有交通工具了，他只好步行回家。

(= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.)3．表示條件

Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.如果天氣允許的話(huà)，我們下星期將舉行每年一次的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。

（= If weather permits，we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.）All the work done, you can have a rest.所有工作做好后，你可以休息。

（=As long as all the work is done, you can have a rest.）

Everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.如果從各方面考慮，你的計(jì)劃似乎更實(shí)際些。

（= If everything is taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.）提示：

表示時(shí)間、原因、條件的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般放在句首，并且不能保留連詞。【誤】When class being over, the students left their classroom.【正】Class(being)over, the students left their classroom.下課了，學(xué)生都離開(kāi)了教室。

【誤】The moon appearing and they continued their way.【正】The moon appearing, they continued their way.月亮出來(lái)了，他們繼續(xù)趕路。4．表示伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明

The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his hand.那個(gè)奇怪的男人在街上走著,手里拿著根手杖。

（= The strange man was walking down the street, and he carried a stick in his hand.）The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.殺人犯被帶了進(jìn)來(lái)，手被捆在背后。

（=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.）Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.有兩百人在事故中喪生，其中許多是兒童。

（Two hundred people died in the accident and many of them were children.）B．作定語(yǔ)

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。

He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled.(with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ),修飾the student)他就是有許多問(wèn)題要解決的那個(gè)人。

= He is the person who has a lot of questions to be settled.You can use a large plastic bottle with its top cut off.(with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ),修飾bottle)你可以使用一個(gè)頸被砍掉的大塑料瓶。

= You can use a large plastic bottle whose top was cut off.He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides.他走在一條兩邊沒(méi)有路燈的馬路上。(without的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ),修飾the road)= He was walking along the road that didn’t have any street lights on its both sides.提示：

在這里我們討論了很多用連詞連接的兩個(gè)句子改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的情況。需要提示的是，不 是所有用連詞的地方都可以改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

If you stand on the top of the mountain，the park looks more beautiful.如果你站在山頂上, 公園看上去更美。（不要改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）

If you check your test paper carefully, some mistakes can be avoided.如果你仔細(xì)檢查試卷的話(huà)，有些錯(cuò)誤是可以避免的。（不要改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）

第二篇：2011高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)教案：名詞和冠詞

2011高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)教案：名詞和冠詞（2）

【專(zhuān)題考案】

1．The little boy often has____ big breakfast，so he looks really strong.A．the

B．／

C．a(chǎn)

D an 2．October l st is___ National Day of ____ People’s Republic of china.A．a(chǎn)；the

B．／；／

C．／；the

D the；／

3．Things of_____ kind come together；people of ____kind fall into __ same group A．the；the；the

B．a(chǎn)；a；the

C．the；the；a

D a；a；a 4．Mr.BIack went to ____cinema last Sunday，while his wife went to ______church． A．the；the

B．／；／

C．／；the

D the；／ 5．He is____ friend of____ writer’s.A．／：the

B．a(chǎn)；the

C．a(chǎn)；a

D a；／ 6．—What is the population of China?

—China has ____population of l．3 billion．

A．the；the

B．a(chǎn)；a

C．a(chǎn)；the

D the；a 7．一 What in ____ world do you like most in _____ world? 一 I hope _____ world is _____peaceful and fair world.A．the；the；the；the

B．／；the；the；／ C．／；the；the；a

D．the；the；the；a 8．As we all know．____life is hard for any of us.If we live___ happy life，we must all work harder.A．／：／

B．／；a

C．a(chǎn)；／

D．a(chǎn)；a 9.______recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S.would be higher than the number of English speaker by_____ year 2090.A, the

B.A, /

C.The ,/

D.The, a 10.If you go by ______train ,you can have quite a comfortable journey ,but make sure you get _____fast one.A./, /

B./, a

C.the, a

D./,/ 11.It is often said that ____teachers have _______very easy life.A /,/

B./,a

C.the,/

D.the, a 12.I can’t remember when exactly the Robinsons left _____city ,I only remember it was ______ Monday.。A.the , the

B.a ,the

C.a, a

D.the, a

第1頁(yè)（共9頁(yè)）

13.If you grow up in ______large family ,you are more likely to develop _____ability to get on well with ______others.A./,an the

B.a, the ,/

C.the ,an ,the

D.a, the ,the

14.Mrs ,Taylor has ___8-year-old daughter who has _____gift for painting –she has won two national prizes.A.a，a

B.an，the

C.an，a

D.the，a 15.After dinner he gave Mr.Richardson ________ride to ________Capital Airport.A.the, a

B.a.the

C./, a

D./, the

16.On May 5,2005,at ___World Table Tennis Championship ,Kong Ling hui and WangHao won the gold medal in men’s with ____score of 4:1.A.a ,a

B./ the

C.a ,/

D.the ,a 17.I knew ______John Lennon ,but not ____famous one.A./,a

B.a ,the

C./,the

D.the, a

18.The book tells ____life story of John Smith ,who left _______school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.A.the, the

B.a , the

C.the./

D.a,/

19.When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to _____hotel;I can find you ______bed in my flat.the ,a

B.the,/

C.a ,the

D.a,/ 20.If you buy more than ten, they will knock 20 pence off________.A.a price

B.price

C.the price

D.prices

21.____on-going division between English –speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _______major concern of the country.A.The, /

B.The, a

C.An, the

D.An, / 22.When he left _____college ,he got a job as ______reporter in a newspaper office.A./, a

B /, the

C.a, the

D.the， the 23.The most important thing about cotton in history is ___part that it played in ____Industrial Revolution.A./,/

B.the,/

C.the , the

D.a ,the 24.While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope Newton made _______discovery which completely changed ____ man’s understanding of color.A.a ,/

B.a ,the

C./, the

D.the ,a 25.It is ___world of wonders, _____world where anything can happen.第2頁(yè)（共9頁(yè)）

A.a.the

B.a, a

C.the, a

D./,/ 26.The Wilsons live in ______A-shaped house near the coast.It is _______17th century cottage.A.the, /

B.an, the

C./, the

D.an ,a 27.Tom owns ______larger collection of ______books than any other student in our class.A.the ,/

B.a,/

C.a ,the

D./, the 28.For a long time they walked without saying ___word.Jim was the first t break _____silence.A.the, a

B.a ,the

C.a ,/

D.the,/ 29.There was ____time _____I hated t go to school.A.a ,that

B.a ,when

C.the ,that

D.the ,when

30.When you finish reading the book ,you will have ______better understanding of ______life., A.a, the

B.the.a

C./,the

D.a,/ 31.I earn 10dollars ____hours as ____supermarket cashier on Saturday.A.a, an

B.the ,a

C.an ,a

D.an ,the 32The sign reads ―in ease of___ fire ,break the glass and push _____red button‖ A./,a

B./,the

C.the ,the

D.a ,a 33.I don’t like talking on ______telephone;I prefer writing ____letter.A.a, the

B.the./

C.the ,the

D.A ,/ 34.Jumping out of ____airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _____exciting experience.A./, the

B./, an

C.an.an

D.the, the

35.One way to understand thousands of new words in gain _____good knowledge of basic word formation.A./

B.the

C.a

D.one 36.The cakes are delicious.He’d like have ______third one because _____second one is rather too small.A.a, a

B.the.the

C.a ,the

D.the ,a 37.A bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in ____leg.A.a

B.one

C.the

D.his 38.The warmth of _____sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ___wool used.A.the, the

B.the ,/

C./, the

D./,/ 39.The financial crisis has put the world economy in a difficult _________.A.occasion

B.condition

C.evaluation

D.situation 40.—Paul has gone abroad to try his luck.—In my _______, his decision is not wise.第3頁(yè)（共9頁(yè)）

A.word

B.view

C.sight

D.way 41.—Jack Brown is very clever and he studies hard as well.—No ________ he comes out first in the exams.A.answer

B.question

C.wonder

D.problem 42.As is well known, the brain performs a very important _______, which controls the nerve system of the body.A.motion

B.action

C.function

D.fact 43.He managed to reach the summit of his career, but it was at the _________ of his health.A.consumption

B.credit

C.exhaustion D.expense 44.—She got her first science fiction published．It turned out to be _________.—when was that?

—It Was in 2008__________ she was still in college．

A.success;that

B.a success；when

C.success;when D.a success;that 45.US President Barack Obama is expecting the economy to show some _________ of recovery． A.attempts

B.signs

C.contents

D.waves 46.The_______is just around the corner and you won’t miss it.A.shoe’s shop

B.shoe shop

C.shoes shop

D.shoes’ shop 47.What the expert has said and done will be _______ to the department managers.A.value

B.benefit

C.of valuable

D.of benefit

48.Giving small children some money as a gift during the Spring Festival is a common ______ in China, which may seem strange to foreigners? A.sense

B.practice

C.ground

D.habit 49.__ recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the US would be higher than the number of English speakers by __ year 2090.A.A, the

B.A, /

C.The , /

D.The, a

50.If you go by __ train, you can have a comfortable journey, but make sure you get __ fast one.A.the , the

B./, a

C.the , a

D./, / 51.It is often said that __ teachers have __ very easy life.A./, /

B./, a

C.the, /

D.the, a 52.I can’t remember when exactly the Robinson left __ city.I only remember it was __ Monday.A.the, the

B.a, the

C.a, a

D.the, a 53.If you grow up in __ large family, you are more likely to develop __ ability to get on well with __ others.第4頁(yè)（共9頁(yè)）

A./, an, the

B.a, the, /

C.the, an, the

D.a, the, the 54.Mrs.Taylor has __ 8 – year – old daughter who has __ gift for painting---she has won two national prizes.A.a, a

B.an, the

C, an, a

D.the, a 55.After dinner he gave Mr.Richardson __ ride to __ Capital Airport.A.the, a

B.a, the

C./, a

D./, the 56.On May 5, 2005, at __ World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in men’s doubles with __ score of 4:1.A.a, a

B./, the

C.a, /

D.the, a 57.I knew __ John Lennon, but not __ famous one.A./, a

B.a, the

C./, the

D.the, a

58.This book tells __ life story of John Smith, who left __ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.A.the, the

B.a, the

C.the, /

D.a, / 59.When you finish reading the book, you will have __ better understanding of __ life.A.a, the

B.the, a

C./, the

D.a, / 60.There was __ time __ I hated to go to school.A.a, that

B.a, when

C.the, that

D.the, when 61.For a long time they walked without saying __ word.Jim was the first to break __ silence.A.the, a

B, a, the

C.a, /

D.the, / 62.Tom owns __ larger collection of __ books than any other student in our class.A.the, /

B.a, /

C.a, the

D./, the 63.The Wilsons live in __ A – shaped house near the coast.It is __ 17th century cottage.A.the, /

B.an, the

C./, the

D.an, a 64.It is __ world of wonders, __ world where anything can happen.A.a, the

B.a, a

C.the, a

D./, / 65.While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made __ discovery which completely changed __ man’s understanding of color.A.a, /

B.a, the

C./, the

D.the, a 66.The most important thing about cotton in history is __ part that it played in __ Industrial Revolution.A./, /

B.the, /

C.the, the

D.a, the 67.When he left __ college, he got a job as __ reporter in a newspaper office.A./, a

B./, the

C.a, the

D.the, the

第5頁(yè)（共9頁(yè)）

68.__ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is __ major concern of the country.A.The, /

B.The, a

C.An, the

D.An, / 69.If you buy more than ten, they will knock 20 pence off __.A.a price

B.price

C.the price

D.prices 70.When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to __ hotel;I can find you __ bed in my flat.A.the, a

B.the, /

C.a, the

D.a, / 71.I earn 10 dollars __ hour as __ supermarket cashier on Saturday.A.a, an

B.the, a

C.an, a

D.an, the 72.The sign reads ―In case of __ fire, break the glass and push __ red button.‖

A./, a

B./, the

C.the, the

D.an, the 73.---Where is my blue shirt?---It’s in the washing machine.You have to wear __ different one.A.any

B.the

C.a

D.other 74.There’s __ dictionary on __ desk by your side.A.a, the

B.a, a

C.the, a

D.the, the

75.The cakes are delicious.He’d like to have __ third one because __ second one is rather too small.A.a, a

B.the, the

C.a, the

D.the, a 76.One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain __ good knowledge of basic word of formation.A./

B.the

C.a

D.one 77.Jumping out of __ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite __ exciting experience.A./, the

B./, an

C.an, an

D.the, the 78.I don’t like talking on __ telephone;I prefer writing __ letter.A.a, the

B.the, /

C.the, the

D.a, / 79.A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in __ leg.A.a

B.one

C.the

D.his 80.The warmth of __ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of __ wool used.A.the, the

B.the,/

C./, the

D./, / 81.Mr.Smith, there’s a man at __ front door who says he has __ news for you of great importance.A.the, /

B.the, the

C./, /

D./, the 82.There are only twelve _____in the hospital.第6頁(yè)（共9頁(yè)）

A．woman doctors

B．women doctors C．women doctor

D．woman doctor 83.Mr Smith has two______ , both of whom are teachers in a school.A．brothers-in-law

B．brother-in-laws C．brothers-in-laws

D．brothers-in law 84.——How many ______does a cow have? ——Four.A．stomaches

B．stomach C．stomachs

D．stomachies 85.Some visited our school last Wednesday.A．German B．Germen

C．Germans

D．Germens 86.The______of the building are covered with lots of

.A．roofs;leaves B．rooves;leafs C．roof;leaf

D．roofs;leafs 87.When the farmer returned home he found three _______ missing.A．sheeps B．sheepes

C．sheep

D．sheepies 88.That was a fifty _____engine.A．horse power

B．horses power C．horse powers

D．horses powers 89.My father often gives me

.A．many advice B．much advice C．a(chǎn) lot of advices

D．a(chǎn) few advice 90.Mary broke a ______while she was washing up.A．tea cup B．a(chǎn) cup of tea

C．tea’s cup

D．cup tea 91.Can you give us some _______about the writer? A．informations

B．information C．piece of informations

D．pieces information 92.I had a cup of ______and two pieces of ______this morning.A．teas;bread

B．teas;breads C．tea;breads

D．tea;bread 93.As is known to us all, _______travels much faster than

.A．lights;sounds

B．light;sound C．sound;light

D．sounds;lights 94.She told him of all her _____and _____

.第7頁(yè)（共9頁(yè)）

A．hope;fear

B．hopes;fear C．hopes;fears

D．hope;fears 95.The rising ______did a lot of ______to the crops.A．water;harm

B．water;harms C．waters;harm

D．waters;harms 96.——How far away is it from here to your school? ——It’s about ________..A．half an hour’s drive

B．half hours drives C．half an hour drives

D．half an hour drive 97.The shirt isn’t mine.It’s______.A．Mrs Smith

B．Mrs’ Smith C．Mrs Smiths’

D．Mrs Smith’s

98.Miss Johnson is a friend of_______..A．Mary’s mother

B．Mary’s mothers’ C．Mary mother’s

D．Mary’s mother’s

99.Last week I called at my_________..A．a(chǎn)unt B．a(chǎn)unts

C．a(chǎn)unt’s

D．a(chǎn)untes’

100.The beach is a ______throw.A．stone

B．stones

C．stones’

D．stone’s

101.I can hardly imagine ______sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A．Peter’

B．Peter

C．Peters D．Peters’

第8頁(yè)（共9頁(yè)）

參考答案

1-5 CCBDB

6-10 DDBAB 11-15 BDBCB

16-20 DBCAC

21-25 BACAB 26-30 DBBBD 31-35 DBBCC 36-40 CCBDB 41-45 CCDDB 46-50 BDBAB 51-55BDBCB

56-60 DBCDB 61-65 BBDBA 66-70 CABCA 71-75 CBCAC 76-80 CCBCB 81-85 A BACC.86-90 ACABA 91-95BDBCC 96-100 ADDCD 101 B

第9頁(yè)（共9頁(yè)）

第三篇：2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)教案：專(zhuān)題十八 完形填空

2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)教案

專(zhuān)題十八 完形填空

【專(zhuān)題要點(diǎn)】完形填空為綜合性考查題型，是考生雙基知識(shí)和綜合運(yùn)用能力的體現(xiàn)，基本要點(diǎn)如下：1.語(yǔ)法知識(shí)類(lèi)：這些語(yǔ)法包括引導(dǎo)詞、主謂一致、名詞或代詞的數(shù)和格、非謂語(yǔ)代詞的用法、平行結(jié)構(gòu)、倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、動(dòng)詞的基本時(shí)態(tài)及搭配等；2.詞語(yǔ)辨析類(lèi)：考查形近詞辨析；考查同義詞和近義詞辨析；考查常用詞辨析；3.背景常識(shí)類(lèi)：完形填空是獨(dú)立的語(yǔ)篇，往往滲透著濃厚的風(fēng)土人情、歷史地理、科學(xué)等知識(shí)；4.慣用固定搭配：以動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞為中心所構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，通常為考查的重點(diǎn)。

【考綱要求】考綱把完形填空歸于英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用題，對(duì)它的具體要求為：在一篇250-300詞（或200-250詞）的短文中留出20個(gè)空，要求考生從每小題所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，使 補(bǔ)足后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。考綱仍然遵循突出語(yǔ)篇、強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)用、注重交際的原則，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用能力的考查以及語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的積累和復(fù)習(xí)。新課標(biāo)要求，英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的總體目標(biāo)是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合運(yùn)用能力，而語(yǔ)言技能（聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)的能力）的形成，在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中是相輔相成、相互促進(jìn)的。學(xué)生通過(guò)大量的、專(zhuān)門(mén)的和綜合的語(yǔ)言練習(xí)，才能形成綜合的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力，同時(shí)這也包括了完形填空的能力，為以后的真實(shí)的語(yǔ)言交際運(yùn)用打下一個(gè)堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。

【教法指引】完形填空題是學(xué)生丟分非常嚴(yán)重的題型，教師在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生突破完形填空時(shí)一個(gè)是做題方法的指導(dǎo)，另外要把握考綱的要求：即基礎(chǔ)+能力，在平時(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)備考中要抓住這兩點(diǎn)，不能一味地進(jìn)行完形填空的專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練。通過(guò)對(duì)近幾年來(lái)高考完形填空的分析可知，這個(gè)題型主要考查考生如下幾方面的能力：

1．熟練運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法短語(yǔ)和慣用法。考生的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)越豐富，閱讀速度就越快，對(duì)文章的理解就會(huì)越深刻、全面。近些年來(lái)，情境意義的考查代替了明顯的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的考查，但是仍然會(huì)間接地考查語(yǔ)法，這就需要考生平時(shí)要不斷錘煉自身的辨析能力。

2．豐富的詞匯知識(shí)和扎實(shí)的辨析能力。要有一定的詞匯量，一個(gè)單詞可能有幾個(gè)詞義，對(duì)常用的詞義都應(yīng)掌握，要掌握其不同的詞性，否則，只知詞義不知詞性仍然無(wú)法進(jìn)行正確的把握。要掌握常用的詞語(yǔ)搭配和詞語(yǔ)辨析。3．掌握閱讀技巧，提高語(yǔ)篇理解能力。

雖然所給的文章被抽去了20個(gè)詞，但是整篇文章的內(nèi)容仍是可以理解的。如果考生不能理解文章內(nèi)容，就難以將正確的詞填人文中。這也就是完形填空題與以單句形式考核詞匯和語(yǔ)法的試題的根本區(qū)別。由此可見(jiàn)，考生在做題時(shí)必須時(shí)刻從上下文考慮，不應(yīng)該只看到所填的詞在句子內(nèi)是否可行。

4．學(xué)會(huì)正確的邏輯推斷方法，銳化自己的思維。邏輯思維能力有助于對(duì)文章深層次含義的理 解和把握，從而選擇早佳答案，完成“完形”?？傊梢钥闯鐾晷翁羁兆鳛橐环N綜合性語(yǔ)言測(cè)試題，它檢查的是考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)的綜合運(yùn)用能力，包括考生在詞匯、句型、語(yǔ)法等方面的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力以及閱讀理解、英語(yǔ)思維、英語(yǔ)文化背景知識(shí)和邏輯推理能力。它 是一種考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)言能力，特別是語(yǔ)篇層次上交際能力的較難題型。它覆蓋的面非常廣，是考查考生英語(yǔ)綜合水平的重要手段。教師只有明白了這種題型考查學(xué)生學(xué)生哪方面的能力和要求在復(fù)習(xí)備考中嚴(yán)格訓(xùn)練就能提高學(xué)生的完形填空題的應(yīng)試能力。

第四篇：2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)教案

2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)教案

專(zhuān)題十四 強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句、插入語(yǔ)

【專(zhuān)題要點(diǎn)】強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句、插入語(yǔ)要點(diǎn)概覽：1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型―It is/was----that----‖的用法。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句；2.it強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別；3.動(dòng)詞不定式的省略；4.狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略，―連詞+分詞‖的省略現(xiàn)象；5.常用插入語(yǔ)：by the way 順便說(shuō)，順便問(wèn)一下；so far 到目前為止；and so on 等等；on the contrary 相反； no wonder 不足為奇；as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上；come along 快點(diǎn)，來(lái)吧；in other words 換句話(huà)說(shuō)；as usual 如同以往；as a result 因此，結(jié)果?！究季V要求】按照考綱要求，考生應(yīng)能夠恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂迷~語(yǔ)和強(qiáng)調(diào)句式對(duì)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，近幾年的高考試題主要考查考生對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)的理解和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的靈活使用，考查復(fù)合句中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式；按照考試大綱的要求，考生應(yīng)掌握英語(yǔ)省略的一些基本原則，在行文中正確地使用省略；而近幾年的高考試題主要考查定語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、簡(jiǎn)單句中和交際語(yǔ)境中的省略；按照考綱要求依據(jù)不同語(yǔ)境能正確使用插入語(yǔ)，分析近幾年的高考題多以考查短語(yǔ)的形式，在交際用語(yǔ)中或句中進(jìn)行辨析。

【教法指引】仔細(xì)研究近年高考題，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句、插入語(yǔ)倍受出題者的青睞。在近五年的高考試卷中強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句已經(jīng)成為高考熱點(diǎn)。命題者加大了對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜程度和知識(shí)面的考查，同時(shí)注重考查知識(shí)之間的交叉和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的力度。這就要求教師在平時(shí)引導(dǎo)考生在復(fù)習(xí)和備考中注意總結(jié)，全面把握，深入研究。具體說(shuō)把握強(qiáng)調(diào)句以下四大考點(diǎn)：（1）考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

（2）考查含有―not…until…‖句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式（3）考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的疑問(wèn)句（4）考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的正確判斷

省略是高考英語(yǔ)考試大綱要求掌握的的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目之一，雖然不是每年必考項(xiàng)目，但不少省份有所涉及省略這一語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。從命題的趨勢(shì)來(lái)看，更側(cè)重考查省略在交際中的功能，考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)間的交叉使用。因此教師在引導(dǎo)考生復(fù)習(xí)備考中要注意以下幾個(gè)方面：

1.狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略。當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，或從句的主語(yǔ)是it，且有系動(dòng)詞be的任何形式時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞be。常見(jiàn)的連詞有：as，if, as if, once, though, whether, when, while, unless等等。2.有關(guān)to的省略。

（1）在can‘t but，can‘t not help but, can not choose but之后的動(dòng)詞不定式一般不帶to，but之前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式do，does，did，done時(shí)，也不帶to；（2）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句中有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí)，用作表語(yǔ)的不定式可以省略。如：All I did is（to）give him a lesson.（3）由why，why not引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式。

（4）have，make，see，hear，notice，observe等后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式 ；

（5）為避免句子重復(fù)，承前省略動(dòng)詞原形，而保留不定式符號(hào)to，但是有助動(dòng)詞be或have時(shí)，則要保留be或have。3.在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中

在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中含有had，were，should時(shí)，可以把had，were，should放在句首且省略if。

4.在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的省略

在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that、which、whom可以省略；在以the same...as和such...as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，可以省略與主句相同的部分；the way后面的定語(yǔ)從句中，可以省略that或in which。

教師在引導(dǎo)考生復(fù)習(xí)備考中按照大綱中要求熟練掌握的常用作插入語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ)

在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，插入語(yǔ)是一個(gè)比較重要的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。由于插入語(yǔ)是一種獨(dú)立成分，通常與句中其他成分沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法上的關(guān)系，許多同學(xué)在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中會(huì)有一定的困難。其實(shí)，插入語(yǔ)大都是對(duì)一句話(huà)進(jìn)行附加說(shuō)明或解釋?zhuān)ǔＳ梢粋€(gè)詞、一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)句子構(gòu)成，常置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗號(hào)或破折號(hào)與句子隔開(kāi)，按照大綱要求熟練記憶一下常用短語(yǔ)和用法如： by the way 順便說(shuō)，順便問(wèn)一下；so far 到目前為止；and so on 等等；on the contrary 相反； no wonder 不足為奇；as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上；come along 快點(diǎn)，來(lái)吧；in other words 換句話(huà)說(shuō)；as usual 如同以往；as a result 因此，結(jié)果?！局R(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)】

強(qiáng)調(diào)句的用法

（一）強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型

1、陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/ was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）+ that/ who（當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)且主語(yǔ)指人）+ 其它部分。It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2、一般疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。

Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?

3、特殊疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？

When and where was it that you were born?

4、強(qiáng)調(diào)句例句：針對(duì)I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。

強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)：It was I that(who)met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.5、注意：構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的it本身沒(méi)有詞義；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用that, who，即使在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)也如此，that, who不可省略；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的時(shí)態(tài)只用兩種，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。原句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，用It was …，其余的時(shí)態(tài)用It is …。

（二）not … until … 句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句

1、句型為：It is/ was not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that + 其它部分 普通句：He didn‘t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，till, until可通用；因?yàn)榫湫椭蠭t is/ was not … 已經(jīng)是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。

（三）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)

1、It is/ was … that … 結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，用助動(dòng)詞do/ does或did。Do sit down.務(wù)必請(qǐng)坐。

He did write to you last week.上周他確實(shí)給你寫(xiě)了信。

Do be careful when you cross the street.過(guò)馬路時(shí)，務(wù)必（千萬(wàn)）要小心啊！

2、注意：此種強(qiáng)調(diào)只用do/ does和did，沒(méi)有別的形式；過(guò)去時(shí)用did，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。省略句用法

為了使講話(huà)和行文簡(jiǎn)潔，句中某些成分有時(shí)可省略。省略可分以下幾種情況：

（一）簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略

1、省略主語(yǔ)：祈使句中主語(yǔ)通常省略。其它省略主語(yǔ)多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說(shuō)法。(I)Thank you for your help.（括號(hào)內(nèi)為省略的詞語(yǔ)，下同）(I)see you tomorrow.(It)Doesn‘t matter.2、省略主謂語(yǔ)或主謂語(yǔ)的一部分。

(There is)No smoking.(Is there)Anything wrong? Why(do you)not say hello to him?

3、省略作賓語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)，只保留to。

----Are you going there?----I‘d like to(go there).He did not give me the chance, though he had promised to(give me the chance).注意：如果該賓語(yǔ)是be動(dòng)詞或完成時(shí)態(tài)，則須在to之后加上be或have。----Are you an engineer?----No, but I want to be.----He hasn‘t finished the task yet.----Well, he ought to have.4、省略表語(yǔ)。

----Are you thirsty?----Yes, I am(thirsty).5、同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)成分。

Let‘s meet at the same place as(we met)yesterday.----Have you finished your work?----(I have)Not(finished my work)yet.（二）并列句中的省略

兩個(gè)并列分句中，后一個(gè)分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。My father is a doctor and my mother(is)a nurse.I study at college and my sister(studies)at high school.（三）主從復(fù)合句中的省略

1、主句中有一些成分被省略。(I‘m)Sorry to hear that you are ill.(It is a)Pity that he missed such a good chance.2、省略了一個(gè)從句或從句的一部分，用so或not（切不可用it或that）代替。----Is he coming back tonight?----I think so.----Is he feeling better today?----I‘m afraid not.這種用法常見(jiàn)的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so.He said so 及I suppose not.I believed not.I hope not等。（但I(xiàn) don‘t think so比I think not更常用）。

（四）其它省略

1、連詞that的省略： ①、賓語(yǔ)從句中常省略連詞that，但也有不能省略的情況（參看―名詞性從句‖等有關(guān)部分）。②、在定語(yǔ)從句中，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。③、引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句等的連詞that一般不可省略。在表語(yǔ)從句中偶爾可省略。

2、不定式符號(hào)to的省略 ①、并列的不定式可省去后面的to。

I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.②、某些使役動(dòng)詞（如let, make, have）及感官動(dòng)詞（如see, watch, notice, hear, feel, look at和listen to等）后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足的不定式一定要省去to，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中須把to復(fù)原。----I saw the boy fall from the tree.----The boy was seen to fall from the tree.③、介詞but前若有動(dòng)詞do，后面的不定式不帶to。The boy did nothing but play.3、在某些狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可省去―主語(yǔ) + be‖部分。（參看―狀語(yǔ)從句‖有關(guān)部分）

4、連詞if在部分虛擬條件句中可省略，但后面的語(yǔ)序有變化（參見(jiàn)―倒裝句‖有關(guān)部分）

5、主句與從句各有一些成分省略。

The sooner(you do it), the better(it will be).插入語(yǔ)的用法

英語(yǔ)句子中（尤其在口語(yǔ)中）常插入一些單詞、短語(yǔ)或者句子，用來(lái)補(bǔ)充某些含義。語(yǔ)法上稱(chēng)他們?yōu)楱D插入語(yǔ)‖。

（一）插入語(yǔ)的類(lèi)型：

1、單詞（多是副詞），如：besides, however, otherwise, therefore, though等。She is looking fit, though.他看起來(lái)倒是健康。I can, however, discuss this when I see you.2、短語(yǔ)

China and India, for example, are neighbours.By the way, where are you from?

3、句子

He is an honest man, I believe.Jack, as far as I know, isn‘t clever.（二）插入語(yǔ)的位置

通常插入語(yǔ)位于句中，并用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。但有時(shí)，也可位于句首或句末（見(jiàn)上面例句）。也有時(shí)，并不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。

You know that I think you are wrong.我認(rèn)為，你明白你錯(cuò)了。What on earth do you mean? 你究竟是什么意思？

（三）插入語(yǔ)在句中的作用 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，插入語(yǔ)在句中不起主要作用。如果把插入語(yǔ)抽去，句子的含義不大受影響。但是，有的插入語(yǔ)卻是句子不可缺少的一部分。

He got the news from nobody knows where.他這消息誰(shuí)也不知道是從哪兒得來(lái)的。

（四）插入語(yǔ)的特殊用法 下面這種復(fù)雜的特殊疑問(wèn)句，也可認(rèn)為包含有―插入語(yǔ)‖。這種疑問(wèn)句（有的語(yǔ)法書(shū)也稱(chēng)為―混合疑問(wèn)句‖或―連鎖疑問(wèn)句‖）常用來(lái)征詢(xún)對(duì)方對(duì)某一疑問(wèn)點(diǎn)的看法、判斷、認(rèn)識(shí)、猜度或請(qǐng)求對(duì)方重復(fù)一遍說(shuō)過(guò)的話(huà)?？谡Z(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)頻率極高。常用動(dòng)詞有say, suppose, guess, believe, consider, think, imagine 等。

How long did you say she would stay here? When do you suppose they‘ll be back? How old did you think she was

（五）插入語(yǔ)的幾種典型用法 1.許多分詞短語(yǔ)可以用作插入語(yǔ)，這樣的分詞短語(yǔ)有：strictly speaking（嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)），generally considering（一般認(rèn)為），judging from……（根據(jù)……判斷）等。2.常用作插入語(yǔ)的副詞或副詞短語(yǔ)有：indeed（的確），surely（無(wú)疑），however（然而），frankly（坦率地說(shuō)），obviously（顯然），naturally（天然地），luckily（happily）for sb.（算某人幸運(yùn)），fortunately（幸好），strangely（奇怪），briefly（簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)）等。3.常用作插入語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)有：in conclusion（總之），in a word（簡(jiǎn)而言之），in short（簡(jiǎn)而言之），in general（一般說(shuō)來(lái)），in a sense（在某種意義上），in my view（在我看來(lái)），in his opinion（按照他的看法），in fact（事實(shí)上），at first（首先），in addition（此外），of course（當(dāng)然），to my surprise（使我驚奇的），to her regret（使她遺憾的），for example（例如）等。

4.用簡(jiǎn)短的句子結(jié)構(gòu)作插入語(yǔ)，它們常置于句中或句末。這類(lèi)簡(jiǎn)短的句子有：I am sure（我可以肯定地說(shuō)），I believe（我相信），do you know（你知道嗎），you see（你明白），I‘m afraid（恐怕），it is said（據(jù)說(shuō)），I suppose（我想），what‘s more（而且），what‘s worse（更糟糕的是），that is（也就是說(shuō)），what is important（重要的是）等。常用作插入語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)有：to be sure（無(wú)疑地），to sum up（概括地說(shuō)），to tell the truth（老實(shí)說(shuō)）等。

5.常用作插入語(yǔ)的形容詞或其短語(yǔ)有：true（真的），funny（真可笑），needless to say（不用說(shuō)），most important of all（最為重要），worse still（更糟糕的），even better（更好）等。

2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)考案

專(zhuān)題十四 強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句、插入語(yǔ) 【專(zhuān)題考案】

1.My bike is missing.I can‘t find ____ anywhere.A.one B.ones

C.it D.that 2.----Who‘s that?----____ Professor Li.A.That‘s B.It‘s C.He‘s D.This‘s 3.____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.A.It B.He C.She D.That 4.----Have you ever seen a whale alive?----Yes, I‘ve seen ____.A.that B.it C.such D.one 5.The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours.A.this B.that C.it D.one 6.____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.A.It B.There C.Those D.You 7.We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government.A.that B.this C.its D.it 8.The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.A.that B.it C.which D.what 9.____ four years since I joined the Army.A.There was B.There is C.It was D.It is 10.How long ____ to finish the work? A.you‘ll take B.you‘ll take it C.will it take you

D.will take you 11.It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.A.who B.whom C.how D.that 12.It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting.A.where B.that C.in which D.on which 13.It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.A.which B.when C.as D.that 14.Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave? A.and B.that C.that‘s D.so 15.Mary speaks in a low voice;____ is difficult to know what she is saying.A.it B.that C.so D.she 16.It was ____ I met Mr.Green in Shanghai.A.many years that

B.many years before C.many years ago that

D.many years when 17.____ is not everybody ____ can draw so well.A.It, all B.It, that

C.There, who D.There, that 18.So ____ that no fish can live in it.A.shallow is the lake

B.the lake is shallow C.shallow the lake is

D.is the lake shallow 19.----Won‘t you have another try?----____.A.Yes, I will B.Yes, I won‘t C.Yes, I will have D.Yes, I won‘t have 20.----I won‘t do it any more.----____? A.Why don‘t B.Why don‘t do it any more C.Why not D.Why not do 21.----Do you think it will snow tomorrow?----____.A.No, I don‘t think

B.I don‘t think

C.No, I don‘t so

D.I don‘t think so 22.----Will he fail in the exam?----____.A.Don‘t hope to

B.Let‘s hope not

C.Not hope so

D.Let‘s hope not to 23.____ usual, I have forgotten something.A.As B.As it is C.It‘s D.That is 24.____ she a man, she might be elected president.A.If B.Unless C.Was D.Were 25.____ I had time, I would have played it again.A.If B.Unless C.Had D.When 26.____ it rain tomorrow, I‘d stay at home.A.Should B.Would C.When D.If 27.I like sports and ____ my brother.A.so B.so does C.so is D.so likes 28.Francis, ____ born in Kentucky, lived and practised law in Missouri.A.was B.He was C.who is D.although 29.----Aren‘t you the manager?----No, and I ____.A.don‘t want B.don‘t want to C.don‘t want to be D.don‘t 30.----Have you fed the dog?----No, but ____.A.I am B.I‘m just going to C.I‘m

D.I‘m just going 31.Your performance in the driving test didn‘t reach the required standard — ____, you failed.A.in the end B.after all C.in other words

D.at the same time 32.How long ____ she would stay here? A.did she say B.she said C.did D./ 33.____ could do such thing? A.Whom do you think

B.Who do you think C.Do you think whom

D.Did you think who 34.John was ill.Have you heard about ____? A.this B.he C.it D.the one 35.Hurry up!____ getting darker and darker.A.The sky is B.It‘s C.Weather is D.Time is 36.It‘s the third time ____ I have been here.A.that B.when C.after D.who 37.It was simply for that reason ____ I wouldn‘t tell him the truth.A.why B.which C.so D.that 38.Was it in the place ____ the last emperor died? A.where B.that C.which D.in which 39.____ is no difference between A and B.A.It B.Where C.There D.What 40.It ____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.A.was B.were C.are D.had been 41.He said, ― ____ a long way to school.____ a long way to go yet before we arrive.‖ A.It is, It is B.There is, There is C.There is, It is D.It is, There is 42.I don‘t like ____ you speak to her.A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which 43.If you go to Xi‘a(chǎn)n, you‘ll find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly ____.A.supposing B.suppose C.to suppose D.supposed 44.____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It 45.It was about 600 years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A.that B.until C.before D.when 46.It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcast began.A.while B.which C.that D.since 47.----Do you mind my taking this seat?

----____.A.Yes, sit down please

B.No, of course not C.Yes, take it please D.No, you can‘t take it

48.----I‘ll be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?---Not at all.____.A.I‘ve no time B.I‘d rather not C.I‘d like it D.I‘d be happy to

49.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _____.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to 50.It was not until she came to see us ____ her mother was ill in bed.A.when we knew

B.that did we knew C.that we knew D.that did we know 51.----This store has such high prices.----I agree.Never again ____ here.A.I will shop B.will I shop C.I do shop D.shop I 52.____ was his kindness that everyone praised him.A.It B.What C.So D.Such 53.____, he would have passed the exam.A.If he were to study

B.If he studied hard C.Had he studied hard

D.Should he study hard 54.----David has made great progress recently.----____, and ____.A.So he has, so have you

B.So he has, so you have C.So has he, so have you D.So has he, so you have 55.No sooner ____ they rushed out into the street.A.did they hear the news than

B.did they hear the news when C.had they heard the news than

D.had they heard the news when 56.He was unable to make such progress, ____.A.hard as he tried

B.as hard he tried C.hard he has tried

D.tried hard as he 57.It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.A.who

B.whom

C.how

D.that 58.It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting.A.where

B.that

C.in which

D.on which 59.It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.A.which

B.when

C.as

D.that 60.Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave? A.and

B.that

C.that‘s D.so 61.It was ____ I met Mr Green in Shanghai.A.many years that

B.many years before C.many years ago that

D.many years when 62.It is these poisonous products _______can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.A.who

B.that

C.how

D.what 63.I feel it is your husband who_______ for the spoiled child.A.is to blame

B.is going to blame

C.is to be blamed

D.should blame 64.It was for this reason _________her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.A.which

B.why

C.that

D.how 65.—Where was it_____ the road accident happened yesterday ?

--In front of the market.A.when

B.that

C.which

D.how 66.It was not until she had arrived home_______ her appointment with the doctor A.did she remember

B.that she remembered C.when she remembered

D.had she remembered 67._____，he often forgot to turn off the lights.A.Even better

B.Strange

C.However

D.Fortunately 68.Greenland，_____ island in the world，covers over two million square kilometers.A.it is the largest B.that is the largest

C.is the largest D.the largest 69.An awful accident_____，however，occur the other day.A.does

B.did

C.has to

D.had to 70.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise，she ____ something she would regret later.A.had said

B.said

C.might say

D.might have said 71.Boris has brains.In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has ____IQ.A.a high

B.a higher

C.the higher

D.the highest 72.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，_____，of course，made the others envy him.A.who

B.that

C.what

D.which 73._____ the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A.Given

B.To give

C.Giving

D.Having given 74._____，success results from hard work.A.Worse still

B.Sure enough

C.To sum up

D.What‘s worse 75.As I know，there is _____ car in this neighborhood.A.no such

B.no a

C.not such

D.no such a 76.He made another wonderful discovery，_____ of great importance to science.A.which I think is B.which I think it is

C.which I think it D.I think which is 77.One day，_____，Newton saw an apple fall from a tree.A.to sum up

B.what‘s more

C.it is said

D.in addition

78.Were all three people in the car injured in the accident? No,___ only the two passengers who got hurt.A.it was

B.there is

C.it were

D.there was 79.---Who is making so much noise in the garden?---___ the children.A.It is

B.They are

C.That is

D.There are 80.It was ___she was about to go out ___the telephone rang.A.when;that

B.so;that

C.before;then

D.when;before 81.It was ___ he said ___ disappointed me.A.what;that

B.that;what

C.that;when

D.it;when 82.____ that silver is not widely used as a conductor? A.Why is

B.Is it why

C.Why is it

D.Why is that 83.I can‘t find Mr.Smith.Where did you meet him this morning?

It was in the hotel ___ he stated.A.that

B which

C.the one

D.where

84.It was in the small house ___was built with stones by his father ___ he spent his childhood.A.which;that

B, that;where

C, which;which

D.that;which 85.It was ___ it was raining so hard that we had to stay at home all day.A.since

B.for

C.as

D.because 86.Is ____three hours ____ the boy ___family is poor to come to school on foot? A.it;that;whose

B.it;that it takes;whose

C.it for;that it takes;whose

D.it;when;that

87.It was his wife___ left him without saying goodbye.A.who

B.which

C.when

D.in which 88.It is on

a winter night ___he spent with me last night.A.that

B.where

C.as

D.when 89 It is the young man ___ looked for ___ caught the murderer.A.that;who

B.that;they

C.they;that

D they;which 90.It was ____ my teacher worked ____ I work hard.A.where;that

B.where； where

C.that;that

D.that;where 91.It was in the evening __we reached the little town of Winchester.A that

B.until

C.since

D.before

92.It was until dark ___ he found ___ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.A.that;what

B.that;that

C.when;what

D.when;that 93.It is the ability to do the job ____ matters ,not where you come from or what you are.A.one

B.that

C.what

D.it 94.I don‘t know ____ that you stay here.A.how long it is B.how long is it

C.it is how long D.is it how long 95.It was _____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.A.we being late

B.our being late

C.we were too late

D.because we were late 96.---what was the party like?

---Wonderful.It‘s years _____ I enjoyed myself much.A.after

B.before

C.that

D.sinc 97.Why!I have nothing to confess.____you want me to say.A.What is it that B.What it is that

C.How is it that

D.How it is that 98．----Tomorrow is a holiday.Why are you doing your homework?

-----I am doing these exercises now so that I won‘t have _____ on Sunday.A.it

B.them

C.for

D.to 99．----Shall I invite Ann to my birthday party tomorrow evening?

----Yes.It‘ll be fine if you______.A.are

B.can

C.invite

D.do 100.----Aren‘t you the manager?

----No, and I______ A.don‘t want to

B.don‘t want to be

C.don‘t want be D.don‘t want 101.---I‘ll be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?

---Not at all.______.A.I‘ve no time

B.I‘d rather not

C.I‘d like it

D.I‘d be glad to 102．----Won‘t you have another try?

----________.A.Yes, I will have B.Yes, I won‘t have C.Yes, I won‘t D.Yes, I will

103．-----I won‘t do it any more.-----_______? A.Why not

B.Why don‘t do any more C.Why not do

D.Why don‘t

104．----Do you think it will snow tomorrow?

----______? A.I don‘t think

B.No, I don‘t think

C.I don‘t think so

D.No, I don‘t so 105．----Have you fed the cat?

----No, but______.A.I‘m

B.I am

C.I‘m just going

D.I‘m just going to 106． —Why do you want the book so much?

—_____, sir.A.Studying

B.Studied

C.Studies

D.To study 107．—Will you go home tomorrow evening? —No, I‘m going to a lecture, or at least I am planning _____.A.so

B.to

C.it

D.that

108._____ for your brother, I would not have gone to see Mr.Wang.A.If it is not

B.Were it not

C.Had it not been D.If they were not 109.We will have a meeting next week, but we don‘t know _____.A.who

B.where

C.as

D.which 110.He said _____ his sister had passed the college entrance examination, and _____ she would go to college in about 20 days.A.that;不填

B.that;that

C.不填;不填

D.that;which

111.Although ________ to stop, he kept on working.A.tell B.telling C.having told D.told 112.---Will you waste your time and money on that?---Certainly ________.A.I not B.don‘t

C.not D.no 113.---Mary didn‘t attend the lecture, did she?

---Yes, she ________.A.attended B.didn‘t attend C.didn‘t D.did 114.---What‘s Joan doing?

---_________ newspapers in the room.A.She reading B.She reads

C.To read

D.Reading 115._________ always succeed.A.Honest and clever students

B.Students who honest and clever C.Honest students and clever

D.Students are honest and clever 116.---Can you climb that tree, my boy?

---__________ ? A.I

B.Myself

C.Mine D.Me 117.Some people are against the plan but _______ support it.A.any more B.many more

C.much more D.no more 118.---Why not go and have dinner in a restaurant?---_________.It‘s too expensive.A.Why not B.I agree

C.I‘m afraid not D.I‘m sure

參考答案：

1-5 CBADB 6-10 ADADC 11-15 DBDBA 16-20 CBAAC 21-25 DBADC 26-30 ABDCB 31-35 CABCB 36-40 ADBCA 41-45 DADDA 46-50 CBDAC 51-55 BDCAC 56-60 ADBDB 61-65 CBACB 66-70BBDBD 71-75 BDACA 76-80ACAAA 81-85 ACAAD 86-90 BAACA 91-95AABAB 96-100DBDDB 101-105 DDDCD 106-110DBCBB 111-115DCDDA 116-118 DBC

2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)案

專(zhuān)題十四 強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句、插入語(yǔ) 【典例精析】1.（2008安徽卷，32）-----Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?

-----Yes, _______, I‘m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.A.If ever

B.If busy

C.If anything

D.If possible 【解析】D本題考查四個(gè)句型結(jié)構(gòu)。If ever如果有過(guò)的話(huà)（如果發(fā)生過(guò)的話(huà)），.If busy根據(jù)題意，是If I am busy的省略，與下文語(yǔ)意矛盾；If anything 意思是―更可能的是，總之‖；if possible如果可能的話(huà)。題意為―如果可能的話(huà)，我將去城里的一些老年之家看看?！?2.（2008福建卷，30）– Who should be responsible for the accident?

– The boss, not the workers.They just carried out the order _____.A.as told

B.as are told

C.as telling

D.as they told 【解析】A考查省略、被動(dòng)的用法。補(bǔ)全句子應(yīng)該是They just carried out the order as they were told。

3.（2008 全國(guó)II，英語(yǔ)，20）It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith.A.that

B.how

C.which

D.when 【解析】A句意為―伊利莎白第一次見(jiàn)到史密斯是在新西蘭?！疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)句型的用法。It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who從句。如果把 It was以及that去掉的話(huà)，句子就變成了in New Zealand Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith.句子仍然完整。

4.（2008 重慶卷，英語(yǔ) 22）It was not until midnight __ they reached the camp site.A.that

B.when

C.while

D.as 【解析】A句意：他們直到半夜才到達(dá)宿營(yíng)地。本句考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，可以還原為：They didn‘t reach the camp site until midnight.這是含有until引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào) until從句部分時(shí)，應(yīng)注意把not一起提前。即：It is/ was not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that + 其它部分。5.（2008‘NMET 天津卷，英語(yǔ) 8）It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.A.how

B.which

C.that

D.where 【解析】C句意：正是在密西西比河岸馬克·吐溫度過(guò)了他孩提時(shí)代的大部分時(shí)光。本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。如果把It was以及that 去掉，原句就成了along the Mississippi River Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.句子仍然完整。6.（08全國(guó)I卷）—What fruit is in season now? —Grapes and peaches, ______.A.I know

B.I think

C.I see

D.I feel 【解析】B 考查插入語(yǔ)用法。按照句意此處為我的看法，對(duì)前面的答語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。7.（09湖南）Every evening after dinner, if not_____ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A.being tired B.tiring

C.tired

D.to be tired 【解析】C 省略句式。在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句中還原應(yīng)為if am not tired from work，根據(jù)省略的原則，所以答案選C。8.（09江西）It was _____ he came bank from Africa that wear _________ he met the girl he would like to marry.A.when;then

B.not;until

C.not until;that

D.only;when

【解析】C 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。根據(jù)It is ……that 結(jié)構(gòu)可知。

9.（09江西）Some of you may have finished unit one._____ , you can go on to unit two.A.If you may

B.If you do

C.If not

D.If so

【解析】D 省略句的用法。If so = If you have done that / so 10.（09全國(guó)2卷）It is often ___that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.A.said

B.to say

C.saying

D.being said 【解析】A 固定句型（it is +Ved +that從句）。11.（09江蘇）---What‘s the matter with Della?

---Well, her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party, but she still __ A.hopes to B.hopes so C.hopes not D.hopes for 【解析】A 考查省略句用法。此處為省略不定式，補(bǔ)全為she still hopes to go to the party。【專(zhuān)題突破】考生在做強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的題時(shí)要牢記強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型，學(xué)會(huì)分析句式，采用去掉句式法，正確辨析強(qiáng)調(diào)句、定語(yǔ)從句，然后選擇相應(yīng)的連接詞即可；省略句和插入語(yǔ)一定要理解語(yǔ)境、語(yǔ)義把握上下文，弄清上下文重復(fù)的地方和說(shuō)話(huà)者要表達(dá)的意思就可以選出最佳答案。

1.It is rather difficult to make friends with her, but her friendship, _______, is truer than any other‘s.A．while gaining B．a(chǎn)fter gaining

C.when to gain

D．once gained 2._________, the weather in America is different from place to place.A．As China

B．Like in China

C．Like China

D．As in China

3.－Why didn‘t Tom give you one of his paintings?

－I didn‘t want one，but he would have given me one if I

A．did

B．would

C．will

D．had 4.---Did they tell you the final decision of the committee?---No, they didn‘t, but I think I ought to ______.A./

B.be

C.have

D.have been 5.---Won‘t you go to Kathy‘s wedding party?---No, _____ invited.A.though

B.if

C.as

D.once 6.— Shall Mary come to the concert with us？

－Not ___she has finished her paper A.since

B.once

C．when

D．unless 7.The government managed to have two chemical factories built, though _____ by the citizens.A.being opposed to B.opposed to

C.was opposed to

D.having been opposed to 8.______, Mr.Smith managed to send his daughter to school.A．As he was a poor man

B．A poor man as he was C．Poor man as was he

D．Poor man as he was 9.I don‘t know if you noticed their absence or not, but we

.A．did

B．have

C．had

D．were 10.----How unhappy your roommate looks!----Yes，but he‘s not willing to tell me what it is____ is troubling him.A.what

B.which

C.as

D.that 11.—________ matters to do the job well —what you are or where you come from? —Neither.It depends on whether you put your heart into it.A．Which is it that B．What it is that C．Which it is that D．What is it which 12.—I can‘t find Xiao Ping, where did you see him this morning? —It was in the library______ he studied． A．that

B．where

C．which

D．the one 13.It is exactly _____we behave _____has changed the world.A．which;that

B．how;that

C．how;what D．what;that 14.Was it in 1969 _____ the American astronaut succeeded_____ landing on the moon? A．when；on

B．that；on

C．when；in

D．that：in 15.---I can‘t find Mr.Brown.Where did you meet him this morning?---It was in the hotel _______he stayed.A that

B which

C where

D when 16.— Why did the dinner party start so late last night? — It was _____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.A.we were late

B.we being late

C.our being late

D.because we were late

17.—Why is it ________ so many people enjoy eating on the run? —Of course, the most obvious answer is that fast food is fast.A.that

B.which

C.what

D.how 18.It was not what he said but the way he said it ______ made a great difference to me at last..A.what

B.that

C.before

D.when 19.---The patient looks much better.____ is it that has made him____he is today?---Perhaps the special medicine and his family‘s patient care.A．What;that

B．That;that

C．What;what

D．What;which 20.I think it‘s the driver rather than the passengers who______ for the accident.A.is to blame

B.are to blame

C.are to be blamed D.should blame.21.----______was it ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?----Totally by chance.A.How, that B.What, that

C.When, when D.Where, that

22.It was in the factory _________ his friend worked _______ he picked up a lot of experience.A.where, where

B.that, where

C.that, that

D.where, that 23.It was ___the boy said he almost never did any exercise in the school ___the mother began to worry about his health.A．what;that

B．that;how

C．when;that

D．that;that 24.---How did you know it?---It was in the website 004km.cn _____you can buy the tickets for the opening ceremony for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games on August 8_____I found the full details about tickets prices for them.A．where;that

B．which;that

C．that;which

D.where;which 25.It was ___computer games that cost the boy lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.A．to have played

B．playing

C．played

D．having played 26.——Where did you come across our chemistry teacher ?------It was in the supermarket ______ I purchased mooncakes.A.that

B.which

C.where

D.when 27.——Where did you get to know her?-----It was on the farm______ we worked A.that

B.there

C.which

D.where

28.It is the film _______ director is Steven Spielberg _______ attracts quite a few viewers throughout the world.A．that;who

B．which;that

C．whose;that

D．whose;who 29.1 _____the more expensive the camera，the better its quality.A.General speaking

B.Speaking general C.Generally speaking

D.Speaking generally 30.Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea.____，neither of them could swim.A.In fact

B.Luckily

C.Unfortunately D.Naturally 31.Your performance in the driving test didn‘t reach the required standard，_____，you failed.A.in the end

B.after all

C.in other words D.at the same time 參考答案和解析：

1.【解析】D由句意可以得知，her friendship與gain是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，省略了it is。

2.【解析】D根據(jù)句意可以得知，―像是在中國(guó)一樣‖As it is in China，省略掉了it is。

3.【解析】D由題意可以得知，回答中用到了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，是與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，補(bǔ)全句子應(yīng)該是he would have given me one if I had wanted one.4.【解析】D由句意可以得知，I think I ought to have been told.5.【解析】A由題干得知回答是―盡管我被邀請(qǐng)了‖，補(bǔ)全應(yīng)該是though I was invited.6.【解析】D由句意得知，補(bǔ)全句子應(yīng)該是Mary does not come to the concert with us unless she has finished her paper.7.【解析】B由句意可以得知文中，補(bǔ)全句子應(yīng)該是though（it was）opposed by the citizens，省略掉了it is 8.【解析】D在as引導(dǎo)的讓步再?gòu)木涞寡b對(duì)，名詞前冠詞應(yīng)省略。提示：as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句通常將表語(yǔ)或修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的副詞提前至句首

9.【解析】A but we did 是but we noticed their absence or not的替代式省略。

10【解析】D該題考查特殊疑問(wèn)詞what引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句作tell的賓語(yǔ)，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)句中有特殊疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)應(yīng)把疑問(wèn)詞放在句子前面。若將該句改為非強(qiáng)調(diào)句為: but he‘s not willing to tell me what it is troubling him.11.【解析】A本句考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，特殊疑問(wèn)詞應(yīng)放在句首。句意―做好這項(xiàng)工作的關(guān)鍵在于你的職業(yè)還是你來(lái)自何處？?jī)烧呔皇牵@要看你是否用心去做。

12.【解析】B 本句是省略了that的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。在被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分中l(wèi)ibrary后有一定語(yǔ)從句，補(bǔ)充完整應(yīng)為It was in the library（where he studied）that I saw him this morning.13.【解析】D句意―恰恰是我們的行為改變了世界的面貌?！サ鬷t is…that 句子仍然成立 14.【解析】 D該題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問(wèn)形式，即was it…that…,后面一空考查succeed in doing sth.句意―美國(guó)宇航員是在1969年成功登上月球的嗎？‖

15.【解析】C此題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的省略用法?；卮鹕衔牡膚here,但用的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

16.【解析】C本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般用法，強(qiáng)調(diào)部分在句中作主語(yǔ)，該句中主語(yǔ)由動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。17.【解析】A本題考查特殊疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)用法，特殊疑問(wèn)詞why放在句首，即疑問(wèn)詞+is/was that….18.【解析】B該題考查對(duì)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的掌握，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分用了not….but…結(jié)構(gòu)，增加了試題的難度。句意―不是他說(shuō)話(huà)的內(nèi)容而是說(shuō)話(huà)的方式對(duì)我起了重要作用‖?

19.【解析】C本句考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。首先考查了它的特殊疑問(wèn)句式，同時(shí)有考查看what引導(dǎo)從句作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)這一語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象。

20.【解析】A本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分由rather than 連接兩并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和前面的主語(yǔ)一致，另外blame應(yīng)用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)形式。

21.【解析】A本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句式中帶有特殊疑問(wèn)詞的用法，上面已經(jīng)多次提到，這里不再詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。

22.【解析】D本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，且the factory后是一定語(yǔ)從句，我們應(yīng)注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句式和其他句式的混合使用。

23.【解析】A本句強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)，且這一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是由when來(lái)引導(dǎo)的從句充當(dāng)?shù)摹?4.【解析】A本句考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，而且被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分由一定語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成，增加了試題難度。

25.【解析】B本句是一強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分在句中作主語(yǔ)，由動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)。

26.【解析】C本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的省略用法，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，在mooncakes后省略了that I came across our chemistry teacher.27.【解析】D 本題被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。28.【解析】C本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)（由一定語(yǔ)從句組成）；句意―正是由Steven Spielberg導(dǎo)演的這部電影吸引了全世界的許多觀眾。

29.【解析】C.generally speaking為分詞短語(yǔ)，意思是―一般來(lái)說(shuō)‖，在句中用作插入語(yǔ)。30.【解析】C.unfortunately為副詞，意思是―令人遺憾地，不巧，可惜‖，在句中用作插入語(yǔ)。31.【解析】C.in other words為介詞短語(yǔ)，意思是―換句話(huà)說(shuō)‖，在句中用作插入語(yǔ)。

【學(xué)法導(dǎo)航】考生在強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句、插入語(yǔ)的復(fù)習(xí)備考中要注意：1.考前應(yīng)認(rèn)真研讀高考題目，了解高考題目的立意方向和設(shè)問(wèn)風(fēng)格，今年仍可能出現(xiàn)復(fù)雜句式中考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的現(xiàn)象；2.掌握強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本式及其變式，高考的考查方向一向以實(shí)用為主，故可能會(huì)在長(zhǎng)句中考查。建議大家從題型入手，仔細(xì)分析強(qiáng)調(diào)句的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變；3.注意復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的混合運(yùn)用情況；4.使用助動(dòng)詞do, does和did 對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)；5.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的主謂一致，在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，當(dāng)對(duì)陳述句中的主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，無(wú)論被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都要用單數(shù)形式It is/was…，同時(shí)，that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)方面保持一致； 6.如果由特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句必須使用陳述語(yǔ)序，不可用疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序。

省略這一考點(diǎn)在備考方面應(yīng)該注意：1.一些常見(jiàn)省略規(guī)則，比如前面整理的有關(guān)狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略；2.有關(guān)to的省略；3.if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中和限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的省略。有關(guān)to的省略和if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的省略應(yīng)該是我們備考的重點(diǎn)；具體說(shuō)：1).在并列句中，為了避免與第一個(gè)分句的相同內(nèi)容重復(fù)，可采用省略謂語(yǔ)，而保留主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等成分；2).在定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略關(guān)系代詞that/whom；3).賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略；4).在表示時(shí)間、條件、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方式或比較的狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果包含動(dòng)詞be，從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句相同，或者從句的主語(yǔ)為it，就常常把從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一部分(動(dòng)詞be)省略掉，只保留連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/形容詞;5).動(dòng)詞不定式的省略,在上下文中，為了避免重復(fù)前面或后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，通常在一些包含有動(dòng)詞不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)中，將動(dòng)詞不定式省略，只保留動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to。在下面幾種情況下只保留不定式符號(hào)to：6).在交際英語(yǔ)中的答語(yǔ)中，往往只保留問(wèn)句中所提問(wèn)的部分。

插入語(yǔ)這一考點(diǎn)，考生只要注意常用插入語(yǔ)和常用插入語(yǔ)的情況即可。

【專(zhuān)題綜合】1.—I hate talking with that guy.Look, he is coming.What should I do?

—Don‘t speak until_______.A.speaking

B.spoken to

C.spoken

D.speaking to 2.—Why do you want the book so much?

—_______, sir.A.Studying

B.Studies

C.Studied

D.To study

3.I wonder why you won‘t do it as_______.Its the third time you have done so.A.told to

B.be told

C.told you

D.you told 4.The dying old man opened his mouth as if ______something.A.to say

B.saying

C.to have said D.was saying 5.This is an illness that can result in total blindness if_______.A.to leave untreating

B.left untreated

C.leaving untreating

D.is left untreated 6.—I didn‘t do well in the last English test.How about you?

—_______.A.I‘ll do better next time

B.I like English, though C.A lot better

D.Even worse 7.—You seem to have lost your way._______?

—I‘m looking for Wangfujing Street.A.What for

B.Need help

C.Why so

D.Where to 8.—Which would you like, chicken or fish?

—_______

A.I don‘t think so.B.What if?

C.Both.D.Neither can I.9.You may take them all home_______.A.if possible

B.if can

C.unless so

D.even if you can

10.Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don‘t take medicine_______.A.like directed

B.to be directed

C.as directed

D.so that directed 11.The man stopped from time to time ______whether he was being followed.A.as if found

B.as to find

C.as if to find D.when found 12.To tell the truth, I won‘t go to the party_______.A.so as to invite

B.even if invited C.if inviting

D.if invite 13.Water, _______enough, can change into vapour quickly.A.when heated

B.heating

C.though to be heated D.when is heated 14.The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit __________the season.A.whatever

B.wherever

C.whenever

D.however 15.Generally speaking ,____ according to the directions , the drug has no side effect.A．when taking

B．when taken

C．when to take

D．when to be taken 16.What surprised me was not what he said but ______he said it.A.the way

B.in the way that

C.in the way

D.the way which 17.--You haven't lost the ticket, have you?--_________.I know it's not easy to get another one at the moment.A.I hope not

B.Yes, I have

C.I hope so

D.Yes, I‘m afraid so 18.--–Can I speak to Mr Wang, please?

--________.A.Who are you ? B.I‘m Wang

C.Speaking

D.Are you Zhang 19.__________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A.A quiet student as he may be

B.Quiet student as he may be C.Be a quiet student as he may

D.Quiet as he may be a student 20.When_____help, one often says ―Thank you.‖ or ―It‘s kind of you‖.A.offering

B.to offer

C.to be offered

D.offered 21.--I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.--_______good.A.Sound

B.Sounded

C.Sounding

D.Sounds 22.__________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A.Would you be

B.Should you be

C.Could you be

D.Might you be 23.I can‘t remember ______ I met the man.A．where was it

B．it was where

C．where it was that D．where was it that

24.It is only 6.7% of Korean students _____have ever read Chinese books or watch Chinese TV programs.A．which

B．whoever

C．that

D．what 25.---____was it ____they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?---Totally by chance.A．What;that B．How;that

C．When;how

D．Where;that 26.I have always been honest and straightforward , and it doesn‘t matter _____I‘m talking to.A.who is it B.who it is

C.it is who

D.it is whom 27.Mr.Smith , in your eyes ,_____that affects the development of China‘s economy ? A.what it is B.what is it

C.how it is D.where is it 28.It was with great joy ______he received the news _______his lost daughter had been found． A．because, that B．which, which C．that, that D．since, that 29.It is in Steven Spielberg‘s first film , Jaws ,_____a big white shark attacks swimmers ____are spending their holidays in a small village by the sea..A.where, who

B.which, that

C.that, that

D.where, that 30.It was the rescue team ____ helped the victims in the earthquake in Tibet.A．which

B．what

C．who

D．whom 30.15.I just wonder ________ that makes him so excited.A.why it does B.what he does C.how it is

D.what it is 31.It is so nice to hear from her._____，we last met more than thirty years ago.A.What?s more

B.That is to say

C.In other words

D.Believe it or not 32._____ with you，I have no money to spare.A.To be frank

B.What‘s more

C.In addition

D.However 33._____，he should have done such a thing.A.Speaking general B.Strange to say

C.Luckily

D.Of course 參考答案和解析：

1.解析】B狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，其完整句子是Don‘t speak until you are spoken to.2.【解析】D省略主句保留關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)句意可以知道完整句子是：I want the book very much in order to study.3.【解析】A狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，根據(jù)句意可知，其完整形式為as you are told to.4.【解析】A狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，根據(jù)句意可知，其完整形式為：as if he wanted to say...5.【解析】B狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，其完整形式是：...if it is left untreated.6.【解析】D 狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，其完整句為：I did even worse in the test.7.【解析】B語(yǔ)境省略。Need help? = Do you need help?

8.【解析】C由題意知C項(xiàng)可以恢復(fù)為：I‘d like them both / both of them。9.【解析】A狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，由題意知其完整形式為if it is possible.10.【解析】C根據(jù)題意可知，其對(duì)應(yīng)完整句子應(yīng)為：as they are directed。11.【解析】C 該題對(duì)應(yīng)的完整形式是：as if he wanted to find...12.【解析】B該題是狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，其完整句是...even if I am invited。13.【解析】A該題是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，補(bǔ)完整為：when it is heated 14.【解析】A whatever 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，其后省略了it is。題意是―無(wú)論什么季節(jié)，律師除了穿套裝外，很少穿其他衣服‖。15.【解析】B當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)也就是主句的主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)可以省去邏輯主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng) 詞.現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行，而過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。在這個(gè)句子中，其實(shí)是when the drug is taken,省去了the drug is，the drug 和take是被動(dòng)關(guān)系．

16.【解析】A本題考查定語(yǔ)從句中的省略，the way 前省略了that或in which。

17.【解析】A本句的主語(yǔ)是個(gè)否定句，從回答可以看出票已經(jīng)丟了，回答I hope not是我希望沒(méi)有丟的意思?；卮餓 hope so是我希望不是沒(méi)有丟，就是我希望丟的意思 18.【解析】C漢語(yǔ)打電話(huà)中說(shuō)―我是…‖，英語(yǔ)自報(bào)姓名不用―I am …‖。而用―This is … speaking‖ 這一句型或其它省略形式。Speaking=This is Mr Wang speaking=It‘s Mr Wang speaking

19.【解析】B在as引導(dǎo)的讓步再?gòu)木涞寡b對(duì)，名詞前冠詞應(yīng)省略。提示：as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句通常將表語(yǔ)或修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的副詞提前至句首。20.【解析】D根據(jù)句意可以得知when之后省略了one is。

21.【解析】D Sounds good實(shí)際上是It Sounds good的省略22.【解析】B在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中含有had，were，should時(shí)，可以把had，were，should放在句首且省略if。

23.【解析】C本題考查帶有特殊疑問(wèn)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)句用法，在賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)使用陳述語(yǔ)序。24.【解析】C本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)且該主語(yǔ)含有百分?jǐn)?shù)，所以我們應(yīng)注意被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。

25.【解析】B本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)部分應(yīng)為方式狀語(yǔ)。

26.【解析】B本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句式在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用，注意使用陳述語(yǔ)序。

27.【解析】B本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句式在特殊疑問(wèn)句中的使用，應(yīng)注意疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序和特殊疑問(wèn)詞位于句首。

28.【解析】C本句既考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型又考查同位語(yǔ)從句，注意分清兩種句型中的that,前面一空考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句，后面一空考查同位語(yǔ)從句。.29.【解析】C前一空考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，后一空考查定語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)注意分清整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)。30.【解析】C本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分在句中作主語(yǔ)。注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句中若強(qiáng)調(diào)人，用who, that 均可。

30.【解析】D本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句式在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用，主語(yǔ)特殊疑問(wèn)詞的位置和語(yǔ)序

31.【解析】D.believe it or not為一分句，意思是―信不信由你‖，在句中作插入語(yǔ)。32.【解析】A.to be frank為不定式短語(yǔ)，意思是―坦率地說(shuō)‖，在句中用作插入語(yǔ)。

33.【解析】B.strange to say為形容詞短語(yǔ)，意思是―說(shuō)也奇怪‖，在句中用作插入語(yǔ)。

第五篇：高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)教案：專(zhuān)題十 定語(yǔ)從句

高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)教案

專(zhuān)題十 定語(yǔ)從句

【專(zhuān)題要點(diǎn)】定語(yǔ)從句要點(diǎn)概述：1.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別。當(dāng)先行詞是時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)時(shí)，如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞when, where還是which或that；2.when,where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別；3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)鍵要找準(zhǔn)先行詞或定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配；4.that, which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別；5.as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；6.such---as與such---that的區(qū)別；the same----as/that的用法；7.the way作先行詞時(shí)用that/in which引導(dǎo)或省略that或in which；8.that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。

【考綱要求】對(duì)于定語(yǔ)從句考綱要求掌握以下內(nèi)容：1.引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞；2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞；3.限制性與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別；4.介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法；5.不定代詞/數(shù)詞+of which/whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句及其該結(jié)構(gòu)與并列句的判斷；6.關(guān)系詞之間的異同現(xiàn)象及選用。

【教法指引】定語(yǔ)從句是高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的重要語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目之一，在高考各個(gè)題型中都有可能會(huì)涉及到。它的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法比較復(fù)雜，是高中階段英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，也是高考英語(yǔ)常考的一個(gè)考點(diǎn)，是歷年高考的熱點(diǎn)，掌握定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)于語(yǔ)言理解和運(yùn)用具有重要的意義。對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查角度較多，分析近幾年的高考試題發(fā)現(xiàn)：從從句類(lèi)型上看，考查非限制定語(yǔ)從句，限制性定語(yǔ)從句；從關(guān)系詞上看，關(guān)系代詞which，關(guān)系副詞where，關(guān)系副詞when均有考查；從介詞+關(guān)系代詞方面，也有涉及。當(dāng)然不管從那個(gè)方面考查，只要弄清定語(yǔ)從句的有關(guān)概念就可以“以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變”。因此教師在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)備考中要注意： 1．了解有關(guān)定語(yǔ)從句的所有語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，弄清從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別。2．分清及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，注意句子中逗號(hào)的語(yǔ)法作用。3．注意先行詞的特殊性和關(guān)系代詞的選擇，依據(jù)先行詞來(lái)選擇“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。4.加強(qiáng)有關(guān)定語(yǔ)從句的理解和練習(xí)。

【知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)】

定語(yǔ)從句

用來(lái)說(shuō)明主句中某一名詞或代詞（有時(shí)也可說(shuō)明整個(gè)主句或主句中一部分）而起定語(yǔ)作用的句子叫作定語(yǔ)從句。

一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

1.關(guān)系代詞用來(lái)指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞

句子成分

用于限制從句或非限制性從句

只用于限制性從句

代替人

代替物

代替人或物 主語(yǔ)

Who

which

that 主語(yǔ)

Whom

which

that 賓語(yǔ)

Whose（=of whom）whose（=of which）This is the detective who came from London.The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.The desk whose leg is broken is very old.This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2.關(guān)系代詞的用法

（1）如果先行詞是all，much，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which.例如： All the people that are present burst into tears.（2）如果先等詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及first，last，any，only，few，mush，no，some，very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that，不用which，who，或whom.例如：

（3）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that，作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如：

There are about seven million people taking part in the election，most of whom、are well educated.（4）which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition，which made his parents very happy.（5）that可指人或物，在從句中作表語(yǔ)，（指人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)多用who）僅用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。

（6）which可作表語(yǔ)，既可指人，以可指物。指人時(shí)，一般指從事某種職業(yè)或是有種特征。品性或才能的人。Which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。

（7）如果作先作詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which；若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用who.（8）先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that.例如：

The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.（9）如果先行詞是anyone，anybody，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom，不用which.例如： Is there anyone here who will go with you？ 3.“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”是一個(gè)普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)

（1）“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句?！敖樵~＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是

in，on，about，from，for，with，to at，of，without 等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或

which，不可用that.（2）from where為“介詞＋關(guān)系副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。例如： We stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the town…（3）像listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of等固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)。例如： This is the boy whom she has taken care of.（2）

二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1.關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時(shí)間。地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，where 充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，why充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)。2.that可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間。地點(diǎn)或原因

That有時(shí)可以代替關(guān)系副詞 when，where 或者why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間。地點(diǎn)或原因，在that引導(dǎo)的這種定語(yǔ)從句中，that也可以省去。

三、限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 1.二者差異比較

限制定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，同先行詞這間一般不加逗號(hào)，僅修飾先行詞，可以由關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系副詞或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句僅作補(bǔ)充或說(shuō)明，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，既可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個(gè)主句，不可用that引導(dǎo)。2.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇依據(jù)

（1）弄清代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分，作狀語(yǔ)的應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副詞，作主語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)的可選用關(guān)系代詞。

3.先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句隔離

定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，但定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間有時(shí)也會(huì)插入別的成分，構(gòu)成先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句的隔離。例如：

1）This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about…… 2）He was the only person in this country who was invited

四、as在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法

1.引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

（1）as多與such 或the same連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。（2）as 也可單獨(dú)使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，作用相當(dāng)于which.例如： The elephant's nose is like a snake，as anybody can see.（3）the same---that與 the same---as在意思上是不同的。2.as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的位置

as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面。中間或后面，一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。例如：（1）As is expected，the England team won the football match.（2）The earth runs around the sun，as is known by everyone.3.as, which的比較

1).在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，均可替代整個(gè)主句或句中某個(gè)部分，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)．如從句在主句之后，兩者皆可用 They failed in the exam, as/which is natural.She seems a scientist, as/which in fact she is.Grammar is not a set of dead rules, which/as I have said before.2).如從句在主句之前，用as As we all know, his parents were killed in this war.As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.3).如關(guān)系代詞代表主句全句意思，有“正如．．．”“就象．．．”之意時(shí)，用as We won the match, as we had expected.He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.4).當(dāng)先行項(xiàng)被the same, such, so修飾時(shí)，用as This is the same book as you bought yesterday.同類(lèi)書(shū)(比較：This is the

same book that you bought yesterday.同一本書(shū))Don’t believe in such men as praise you to your face.I never give my students so difficult a question as no one can work out.5).當(dāng)從句內(nèi)容對(duì)主句內(nèi)容起消極作用，則用which The young man cheated his friend out of much money, which was disgraced.6).as 也可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)指待一件事，這時(shí)它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。

He is an American, as/which we know from his accent.As we know from his accent, he is an American.He, as we know from his accent, is an American.As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.Grammar, as has been said above, is not a set of rules.Grammar is not a set of dead rules, as/which has been said above.正如: As everyone knows, as you may still remember, as you said, as I can see, as has been mentioned above, as you may have heard, and etc.