第一篇：《簡(jiǎn)愛》中的女權(quán)主義意識(shí)及對(duì)當(dāng)代女性的啟示

學(xué)科代碼：050201

貴州師范大學(xué)求是學(xué)院

（本科）畢業(yè)論文

《簡(jiǎn)愛》中的女權(quán)主義意識(shí)及對(duì)當(dāng)代女

性的啟示

The Feminism Consciousness in Jane Eyre and the Enlightenment for modern women

系

別：外語系 專

業(yè)：英語教育 班

級(jí)：2010級(jí)4班 學(xué)

號(hào)：102014040010 學(xué)生姓名： 指導(dǎo)教師：

完成時(shí)間：2014 年 3月

獨(dú) 創(chuàng) 性 聲 明

本人鄭重聲明：所呈交的題為《簡(jiǎn)愛》中的女性主義意識(shí)及對(duì)當(dāng)代女性的啟示的畢業(yè)論文是本人在指導(dǎo)老師指導(dǎo)下取得的研究成果。除了文中特別加以注釋和致謝的地方外，論文中不包含其他已經(jīng)發(fā)表的研究成果。與本研究相關(guān)的所有人所作出的任何貢獻(xiàn)均已在論文中作出了明確的說明并表示了謝意。

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授權(quán)聲明

本人完全了解許貴州師范大學(xué)求是學(xué)院有關(guān)保留、使用本科生畢業(yè)論文的規(guī)定，即：有權(quán)保留并向國(guó)家有關(guān)部門或機(jī)構(gòu)送交畢業(yè)論文的復(fù)印件和磁盤，允許畢業(yè)論文被查閱和借閱。本人授權(quán)許貴州師范大學(xué)求是學(xué)院可以將畢業(yè)論文《簡(jiǎn)愛》中的女性主義意識(shí)及對(duì)當(dāng)代女性的啟示全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行檢索，可以采用影印、縮印或掃描等復(fù)制手段保存、匯編論文。

學(xué)生簽名：

指導(dǎo)老師簽名：

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《簡(jiǎn)愛》中的女權(quán)主義意識(shí)及對(duì)現(xiàn)代女

性的啟示

摘 要：《簡(jiǎn)·愛》是現(xiàn)實(shí)主義時(shí)期著名的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作品,她被認(rèn)為是一位卓越的女作家。因?yàn)樗谛≌f中描述的是與傳統(tǒng)不同的女主人公簡(jiǎn)·愛勇于追求自由、平等和獨(dú)立的精神。它也是作者的自傳體小說。小說通過對(duì)簡(jiǎn)·愛的性格進(jìn)行剖析，證明了簡(jiǎn)·愛是一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的女權(quán)主義者。簡(jiǎn)·愛這個(gè)人物形象，博得讀者的愛憐，在英國(guó)文學(xué)史上是位具有代表性的人物，不僅表現(xiàn)在外表的樸實(shí)無華，而且還表現(xiàn)在她性格上的獨(dú)特魅力。簡(jiǎn)·愛因其性格中所具有的強(qiáng)烈反抗意識(shí)而特別地引人注目。她堅(jiān)持自己的原則去不斷反抗不公平的社會(huì)。她用盡全力去追求自由，平等，獨(dú)立和真愛。經(jīng)過堅(jiān)持不懈的努力她最終獲得自尊，自由和真愛。

關(guān)鍵詞：女權(quán);反叛;獨(dú)立;平等;真愛

Abstract:Jane Eyre is the most famous work of Charlotte Bronte, who is considered as an extraordinary woman novelist.Because the novel throbs with the heart-beats of its author, both literary critics and the readers have taken great interest in its unconventional heroine Jane Eyre, whose unconventionality is shown in the heroine’s pursuit of liberty, equality and independence.It is an autobiographical novel in a certain degree.This essay attempts to prove Jane is a real feminist through the analysis of her personality.Jane Eyre is a typical and magnificent representative in English literature, not only for her plain but famous appearance but also for her character’s outstanding and alien.The image of Jane Eyre is brilliant for her rebellious character.She always insists on her principle to rebel and fight against the unjust world bravely.She still tries her best to pursue freedom, equality, independence and true love.By unremitting efforts she finally gets dignity, freedom and

true love.Key words:

Feminist;Rebel;Independence;Equality;True love

目 錄

前 言 ·······················

一、作者女權(quán)主義思想的產(chǎn)生 ·························································

二、《簡(jiǎn)愛》中女權(quán)主義思想 ··························································

（一）自尊心、自信心、反抗精神 ·······························································

（二）簡(jiǎn)愛的愛情觀 ·······················································································

（三）簡(jiǎn)愛的獨(dú)立性 ·······················································································

三、《簡(jiǎn)愛》中女權(quán)主義反抗意識(shí) ···················································

（一）為生存而戰(zhàn) ···························································································

（二）為獲得認(rèn)同和尊嚴(yán)而戰(zhàn) ·······································································

（三）為獨(dú)立平等而戰(zhàn) ···················································································

四、簡(jiǎn)愛的女性意識(shí)對(duì)現(xiàn)代女性的啟示 ·········································

五、結(jié)語 ····························································································參考文獻(xiàn) ··························································································致謝 ·································································································

I

前 言

當(dāng)今社會(huì)，女權(quán)主義受到越來越多人的重視，女權(quán)主義泛指婦女要求平等權(quán)利的社會(huì)思潮。又稱男女平權(quán)主義、男女平等主義。女權(quán)主義是近代資產(chǎn)階級(jí)啟蒙思想運(yùn)動(dòng)和婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)的產(chǎn)物，提倡婦女在人類生活所有領(lǐng)域與男子具有同等權(quán)利。女權(quán)主義具有廣泛的文化內(nèi)涵，涉及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律、教育、宗教、倫理等領(lǐng)域。

在19世紀(jì)的英國(guó)，一位批評(píng)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的文學(xué)女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特寫出了一部代表女性主義思想的小說—《簡(jiǎn)·愛》。這部小說是夏洛蒂·勃朗特“詩意的生平寫照”。書中的主人公簡(jiǎn)·愛是一個(gè)心地純潔、善于思考的女性。她生活在社會(huì)底層，受盡磨難，但她有倔強(qiáng)的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神。這部小說以濃郁抒情的筆法和深刻細(xì)膩的心理描寫，引人入勝地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的愛情經(jīng)歷，歌頌了擺脫一切舊習(xí)俗和偏見，扎根于相互理解、相互尊重的基礎(chǔ)之上的深摯愛情，具有強(qiáng)烈的震撼心靈的藝術(shù)力量。它最為成功之處在于塑造了一個(gè)敢于反抗，敢于爭(zhēng)取自由和平等地位的婦女形象。

一、作者女權(quán)主義思想的產(chǎn)生

所謂女權(quán)主義，歸結(jié)起來就是：在全人類實(shí)現(xiàn)男女平等。它是女性觀察、審視任何事物的思想與主張，是一種基于反父權(quán)制政治利益的結(jié)盟，是一種具有特殊政治目標(biāo)中女性思維方式、行為方式的總和。

夏洛蒂·勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte)1816年生于英國(guó)北部的一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村牧師家庭。她所生活的的三十年間正是英國(guó)社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩的時(shí)代。資本主義正在發(fā)展并越來越暴露它內(nèi)在的缺陷；勞資之間矛盾尖銳化；失業(yè)工人的貧困；大量的童工被殘酷地折磨至死。社會(huì)和時(shí)代的不幸已經(jīng)讓這位女作家的家庭窮困潦倒，家庭的不幸更是讓她陷入巨大的困境當(dāng)中。母親早逝，八歲的夏洛蒂被送進(jìn)一所專收神職人員孤女的慈善性機(jī)構(gòu)。在那里生活條件極其惡劣，她的兩個(gè)姐姐瑪麗亞和伊麗莎白因染上肺病而先后死去。于是夏洛蒂和妹妹艾米莉回到家鄉(xiāng)，在荒涼的約克郡山區(qū)度過了童年。15歲時(shí)她進(jìn)了伍勒小姐辦的學(xué)校讀書，幾年后又在這個(gè)學(xué)校當(dāng)教師。后來她曾作家庭教師，但因不能忍受貴婦人、闊小姐對(duì)家庭教師的歧視和刻薄，放棄了家庭教師的謀生之路。她曾打算自辦學(xué)校，為此她在姨母的資助下與艾米莉一起去意大利進(jìn)修法語和德語。然

到相愛的過程當(dāng)中，簡(jiǎn)愛的那種叛逆精神、自強(qiáng)自尊的品質(zhì)深深地征服了羅切斯特，而羅切斯特的優(yōu)雅風(fēng)度和淵博知識(shí)同樣也征服了簡(jiǎn)愛。

簡(jiǎn)愛與羅切斯特的婚姻變故促使她離開了桑菲爾德府，離開了她心愛的羅切斯特。經(jīng)過了寒冷饑餓的折磨無家可歸的簡(jiǎn)愛終于進(jìn)了她的人生的又一個(gè)驛站—圣約翰家。對(duì)于親情的十分看重當(dāng)她從叔叔那里繼承了兩萬英鎊的遺產(chǎn)時(shí)，她毫不猶豫地決定和她的三個(gè)表哥、表姐平分這份遺產(chǎn)?？梢娫诤?jiǎn)愛的眼中錢盡管很重要，但是比起親情來就顯得微不足道了。這與當(dāng)時(shí)一切以錢為中心的人際關(guān)系形成了鮮明的對(duì)比。她認(rèn)為“我不至于自私自利到不講情義，不講公道到不分是非，忘恩負(fù)義到不像人樣”[2]。這是她對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的金錢社會(huì)的有力抨擊和尖銳的痛恨。

圣約翰是一個(gè)知識(shí)淵博，長(zhǎng)相英俊的傳教士。但是他不會(huì)享受生活的樂趣，整天到晚和時(shí)間挑戰(zhàn)。他認(rèn)為工作是高于一切的，甚至包括生命和愛情。圣約翰為了他的偉大事業(yè)到東方印度傳教，他十分痛苦地壓抑了這份欲望。簡(jiǎn)愛對(duì)于他的選擇簡(jiǎn)直是不可思議，有愛卻不敢愛，有了愛情卻不敢追求。另一方面當(dāng)圣約翰發(fā)覺，簡(jiǎn)愛是一個(gè)有見識(shí)、有才智的女子的時(shí)候，他就向簡(jiǎn)愛求婚了，不是因?yàn)樗麗酆?jiǎn)愛，而是因?yàn)樗溃绻⒑?jiǎn)愛為妻，對(duì)他的事業(yè)將是一個(gè)很大的幫助。這是多么自私的想法。

簡(jiǎn)愛和羅切斯特的心靈感應(yīng)使他們走到了一塊，盡管當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)愛回到桑菲爾德府時(shí)她面對(duì)的是一個(gè)雙眼已瞎，一只手已經(jīng)殘廢的羅切斯特。但是，在簡(jiǎn)愛看來這些都是不重要的。只要羅切斯特愛她她也愛羅切斯特就已經(jīng)足夠了。她毅然與羅切斯特結(jié)婚，當(dāng)起了羅切斯特的妻子和護(hù)士。兩年以后命運(yùn)垂青了，這么一對(duì)恩愛的夫妻他們有了自己的孩子。羅切斯特的一只眼睛也恢復(fù)了視力，他們過著幸福的生活。我們看到簡(jiǎn)愛經(jīng)過了重重的波折以后終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了她向往的愛情—平等自由的愛情。而羅切斯特也找到了他夢(mèng)寐以求的真愛。

（三）簡(jiǎn)愛的獨(dú)立性

從小就成長(zhǎng)在一個(gè)充滿暴力的環(huán)境中的簡(jiǎn)·愛，經(jīng)歷了同齡人沒有的遭遇。這些遭遇，使得簡(jiǎn)愛從小就向往平等、自由和愛，這些愿望在她后來的成長(zhǎng)過程中表現(xiàn)無遺，在主人公的愛情觀上表現(xiàn)得更為明顯。

簡(jiǎn)·愛追求政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、人格平等的新式愛情觀，她不像其它女子一樣愛上羅切斯特的財(cái)產(chǎn)，她是真心愛羅切斯特的，并且她一再強(qiáng)調(diào)平等。

生活。盡管如此，小簡(jiǎn)愛并不屈服 ,為了維護(hù)自己的尊嚴(yán) , 為了捍衛(wèi)自我獨(dú)立的人格 , 她奮起反抗 , 開始與舅媽和表哥作斗爭(zhēng)。她終于早熟起來并且化作了一種短暫的力量來擺脫難以忍受的壓迫。在可惡的的舅媽面前小簡(jiǎn)愛沒有屈服讓步 , 沒有在絕望中放棄，相反 , 對(duì)于簡(jiǎn)·愛來說 , 舅媽家好像是培養(yǎng)她堅(jiān)強(qiáng)性格的沃土 , 反抗在她的思想中扎下了根。她意識(shí)到“片刻的反抗已經(jīng)難免給我招來異想天開的懲罰 , 于是我像任何一個(gè)反抗的奴隸一樣 , 在絕望中下了個(gè)決定 , 要反抗底”[5]。就是這樣她開始有了為生存而戰(zhàn)的勇氣。

簡(jiǎn)愛經(jīng)常被表哥打，一開始她盡可能地忍受著被打的痛苦，習(xí)慣性地屈從于約翰?！傲?xí)慣了約翰的辱罵，我從來沒有回答的意思，我所關(guān)心的是怎樣承受辱罵帶來的打擊”。[9] 由于小簡(jiǎn)愛毫無理由地被訓(xùn)斥和毒打，她終于反抗起來。這種無法忍受的痛苦超越了她的恐懼心理，給予她無窮無盡的力量。所以她痛罵道“你這男孩子又惡毒又殘忍!簡(jiǎn)直像個(gè)殺人犯—你像虐待奴隸的監(jiān)工頭—你像羅馬的皇帝!”[6] 毫無疑問這場(chǎng)革命導(dǎo)致了更嚴(yán)重的懲罰。她被舅媽關(guān)進(jìn)了

紅房子，成了“古怪的小家伙”有著“蒼白的臉龐、胳膊”和“明亮的恐懼的雙眼”“像一個(gè)真正的幽靈”。[2]

約翰的暴力行為，姐姐的漠不關(guān)心，舅母的厭惡還有仆人的偏見。這些不公平的行為使她開始意識(shí)到忍受是沒用的，為了維護(hù)作為人自身的權(quán)利，她開始公然反抗一切不公正的現(xiàn)實(shí)。簡(jiǎn)愛心中一直指責(zé)瑞德夫人，而一想到自由，勝利，靈魂便感到無比驚喜。她認(rèn)為憑借自己的口才有能力挑戰(zhàn)瑞德夫人的權(quán)威，在內(nèi)心深處，小簡(jiǎn)愛知道她在為平等生存的權(quán)利而活著。

（二）為獲得認(rèn)同和尊嚴(yán)而戰(zhàn)

簡(jiǎn)愛在被家人認(rèn)為是“壞孩子”趕出來之后被送往孤兒院。（當(dāng)時(shí)看來是慈善學(xué)校的一種）通常在這里小孩受到壓迫和非人的虐待。她的視眼變得開闊了，性格中帶著更加憤怒的火花。由此可見，簡(jiǎn)愛為獲得認(rèn)同和尊嚴(yán)而戰(zhàn)在羅伍德學(xué)校漸漸發(fā)展起來。融科赫斯特先生是學(xué)校里最為貪婪虛偽的代表，對(duì)簡(jiǎn)愛的最初印象是像動(dòng)物一樣大大的鼻子，突出的門牙。他在學(xué)校懲罰人的責(zé)任稱為拯救所謂的靈魂，他迫使學(xué)校所有的女孩剪掉頭發(fā)，饑寒交迫，像奴隸一樣對(duì)待她們，簡(jiǎn)愛也不例外。當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)愛摔壞了凳子時(shí)受到公然懲罰。她被罰站在凳子上一個(gè)半小時(shí)，融科赫斯特先生不僅公然羞

在簡(jiǎn)愛的話語里，沒有謙卑，沒有順從，不僅為自己也為所有長(zhǎng)相平庸的女性呼喚平等。盡管深深地愛著羅切斯特，當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)他已有合法妻子時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)愛不知道如何是好。有兩條路擺在她面前，一是簡(jiǎn)愛當(dāng)他的前妻不存在繼續(xù)呆在絲絨菲爾德莊園，如果這樣她就能以情人的身份擁有更多地財(cái)富，但是違反了她追求平等的權(quán)利。或者簡(jiǎn)愛選擇離開她深愛著的羅切斯特，盡管內(nèi)心苦苦的掙扎著因?yàn)樗缾垡粋€(gè)人不一定要在一起。為了維護(hù)婚姻的平等，她拒絕當(dāng)羅切斯特的情人，告別富有的生活，過著流浪的生活。簡(jiǎn)愛違背了當(dāng)時(shí)的女性傳統(tǒng)的世俗觀念，強(qiáng)調(diào)男女之間的平等[7]。簡(jiǎn)愛挑戰(zhàn)當(dāng)時(shí)的男權(quán)社會(huì)，聲稱精神平等，地位平等，她批判不合理的階級(jí)觀念，同時(shí)她認(rèn)為她與羅切斯特精神上是平等的，最終，在羅切斯特一無所有，且身變殘疾時(shí)，她卻選擇回到他的身邊。

四、簡(jiǎn)愛的女性意識(shí)對(duì)現(xiàn)代女性的啟示

平凡的簡(jiǎn)·愛雖然相貌普通，出身卑微，然而卻擁有一顆金子般善良的心。羅素曾說過：“在一切道德品質(zhì)之中，善良的本性在世界上是最需要的?！鄙屏既缈諝猓瑳]了它，我們的生活無法想象。簡(jiǎn)·愛的善良除了我們理解的同情心外，更有著超越于普通人之上的無私與寬恕。

在簡(jiǎn)·愛舅媽里德太太臨終時(shí)，她陪在身邊的那一幕感動(dòng)了無數(shù)讀者。從小說中，我們看到里德太太簡(jiǎn)直就是簡(jiǎn)·愛苦難的源頭，隨著收留她，疼愛她的舅舅里德先生的去世，冷酷無情，虛偽自私的里德太太把簡(jiǎn)·愛當(dāng)作傭人一樣對(duì)待，將她視為眼中釘肉中刺，處處刁難，對(duì)這個(gè)失去雙親的可憐孩子，不但不給予同情與關(guān)愛，反而處處苛責(zé)，縱容自己的孩子欺負(fù)。更可恨的是，她把簡(jiǎn)·愛送進(jìn)了標(biāo)榜懲罰肉體以拯救靈魂的人間地獄般的慈善學(xué)校里，并且在前來接簡(jiǎn)·愛的布魯赫爾斯先生面前撒謊怒斥簡(jiǎn)愛是一個(gè)撒謊而討厭的女孩子?？墒?，就是這樣一個(gè)深深傷害過自己的人，簡(jiǎn)·愛原諒了。

當(dāng)這位曾虐待過自己的舅媽臨終時(shí)，在沒人在身邊的情況下，她去探望了她，并對(duì)她所受的巨大的痛苦產(chǎn)生了憐憫之情，她彎下腰吻了吻她，深情地叫了一聲“舅媽，親愛的舅媽”并妥善安排了她的后事。簡(jiǎn)·愛在此的表現(xiàn)，讓每一位讀者都看到了什么是寬容，什么是善良。馬克·吐溫曾說過：“紫羅蘭把它的香氣留在那踩扁了它的腳踝上，這就是寬恕?！?/p>

性的人格尊嚴(yán)看得高于一切。小說光明的結(jié)局告訴我們，人在追求愛情的過程中，也要有自由、尊嚴(yán)、平等。在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，要將人的愛情觀等于尊嚴(yán)加平等這道公式上。付之實(shí)現(xiàn)往往離不開金錢，人們都瘋狂的為了金錢和地位而淹沒愛情，在窮和富之間選擇富，在愛與不愛之間選擇不愛，很少有人會(huì)像簡(jiǎn)愛一樣，為了愛情和人格拋棄所有。簡(jiǎn)愛展示給我們的是一種返璞歸真化繁為簡(jiǎn)的感覺，是一種不計(jì)較得失的簡(jiǎn)化感情的簡(jiǎn)。它猶如一杯白開水，凈化讀者的心靈，同時(shí)引起讀者特別是女性讀者的共鳴。簡(jiǎn)愛這一形象變得高大而不同凡響，她閃現(xiàn)出的強(qiáng)烈的女性意識(shí)象暗夜中的火把，為廣大婦女點(diǎn)燃了希望之光。這對(duì)當(dāng)代女性自我意識(shí)的提高與覺醒有著重要意義。

0

致 謝

大學(xué)生活一晃而過，回首走過的歲月，心中倍感充實(shí)，當(dāng)我寫完這篇畢業(yè)論文的時(shí)候，有一種如釋重負(fù)的感覺，感慨良多。

首先誠(chéng)摯的感謝我的論文指導(dǎo)老師郎玉珊老師。她在忙碌的教學(xué)工作中擠出時(shí)間來審查、修改我的論文。還有教過我的所有老師們，他們嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)細(xì)致、一絲不茍的作風(fēng)一直是我學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣；他們循循善誘的教導(dǎo)和不拘一格的思路給予我無盡的啟迪。同時(shí)，也要感謝四年來年陪伴在我身邊的同學(xué)、朋友，感謝他們?yōu)槲姨岢龅挠幸娴慕ㄗh和意見，有了他們的支持、鼓勵(lì)和幫助，我才能充實(shí)的度過了四年的學(xué)習(xí)生活。

第二篇：《簡(jiǎn)愛》中的女權(quán)主義意識(shí)

學(xué)科代碼：050201

貴州師范大學(xué)求是學(xué)院

（本科）畢業(yè)論文

論《簡(jiǎn)愛》中的女權(quán)主義意識(shí)

系

別：外語系 專

業(yè)：英語教育 班

級(jí)：2010級(jí)4班 學(xué)

號(hào)： 學(xué)生姓名： 指導(dǎo)教師：

論《簡(jiǎn)愛》中的女權(quán)主義意識(shí)

摘 要：《簡(jiǎn)·愛》是現(xiàn)實(shí)主義時(shí)期著名的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作品,她被認(rèn)為是一位卓越的女作家。因?yàn)樗谛≌f中描述的是與傳統(tǒng)不同的女主人公簡(jiǎn)·愛勇于追求自由、平等和獨(dú)立的精神。它也是作者的自傳體小說。小說通過對(duì)簡(jiǎn)·愛的性格進(jìn)行剖析，證明了簡(jiǎn)·愛是一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的女權(quán)主義者。簡(jiǎn)·愛這個(gè)人物形象，博得讀者的愛憐，在英國(guó)文學(xué)史上是位具有代表性的人物，不僅表現(xiàn)在外表的樸實(shí)無華，而且還表現(xiàn)在她性格上的獨(dú)特魅力。簡(jiǎn)·愛因其性格中所具有的強(qiáng)烈反抗意識(shí)而特別地引人注目。她堅(jiān)持自己的原則去不斷反抗不公平的社會(huì)。她用盡全力去追求自由，平等，獨(dú)立和真愛。經(jīng)過堅(jiān)持不懈的努力她最終獲得自尊，自由和真愛。

關(guān)鍵詞：女權(quán);反叛;獨(dú)立;平等;真愛

I

II

Analysis of the Feminism Consciousness

in Jane Eyre

Abstract:Jane Eyre is the most famous work of Charlotte Bronte, who is considered as an extraordinary woman novelist.Because the novel throbs with the heart-beats of its author, both literary critics and the readers have taken great interest in its unconventional heroine Jane Eyre, whose unconventionality is shown in the heroine’s pursuit of liberty, equality and independence.It is an autobiographical novel in a certain degree.This essay attempts to prove Jane is a real feminist through the analysis of her personality.Jane Eyre is a typical and magnificent representative in English literature, not only for her plain but famous appearance but also for her character’s outstanding and alien.The image of Jane Eyre is brilliant for her rebellious character.She always insists on her principle to rebel and fight against the unjust world bravely.She still tries her best to pursue freedom, equality, independence and true love.By unremitting efforts she finally gets dignity, freedom and true love.Key word: feminist;rebel;independence;equality;true love

III

目錄

摘要............................................................................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。Abstract.....................................................................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。前 言.........................................................................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。

一、作者女權(quán)主義思想的產(chǎn)生.........................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。

（一）作者夏洛蒂·勃朗特的介紹.....................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。

（二）作品《簡(jiǎn)愛》的介紹.................................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。

二、《簡(jiǎn)愛》中女權(quán)主義思想...........................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。

（一）自尊心、自信心、反抗精神.....................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。

（二）簡(jiǎn)愛的愛情觀.............................................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。

（三）簡(jiǎn)愛的獨(dú)立性.............................................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。

三、《簡(jiǎn)愛》中女權(quán)主義反抗意識(shí).................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。

（一）為生存而戰(zhàn).................................................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。

（二）為獲得認(rèn)同和尊嚴(yán)而戰(zhàn).............................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。

（三）為獨(dú)立平等而戰(zhàn).........................................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。

四、結(jié)語..................................................................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。參考文獻(xiàn)..................................................................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。致謝............................................................................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。獨(dú) 創(chuàng) 性 聲 明....................................................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。授 權(quán) 申 明.........................................................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。

IV

前 言

當(dāng)今社會(huì)，女權(quán)主義受到越來越多人的重視，女權(quán)主義泛指婦女要求平等權(quán)利的社會(huì)思潮。又稱男女平權(quán)主義、男女平等主義。女權(quán)主義是近代資產(chǎn)階級(jí)啟蒙思想運(yùn)動(dòng)和婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)的產(chǎn)物，提倡婦女在人類生活所有領(lǐng)域與男子具有同等權(quán)利。女權(quán)主義具有廣泛的文化內(nèi)涵，涉及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律、教育、宗教、倫理等領(lǐng)域。

在19世紀(jì)的英國(guó)，一位批評(píng)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的文學(xué)女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特寫出了一部代表女性主義思想的小說—《簡(jiǎn)·愛》。這部小說是夏洛蒂·勃朗特“詩意的生平寫照”。書中的主人公簡(jiǎn)·愛是一個(gè)心地純潔、善于思考的女性。她生活在社會(huì)底層，受盡磨難，但她有倔強(qiáng)的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神。這部小說以濃郁抒情的筆法和深刻細(xì)膩的心理描寫，引人入勝地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的愛情經(jīng)歷，歌頌了擺脫一切舊習(xí)俗和偏見，扎根于相互理解、相互尊重的基礎(chǔ)之上的深摯愛情，具有強(qiáng)烈的震撼心靈的藝術(shù)力量。它最為成功之處在于塑造了一個(gè)敢于反抗，敢于爭(zhēng)取自由和平等地位的婦女形象。

一、作者女權(quán)主義思想的產(chǎn)生

（一）作者夏洛蒂·勃朗特的介紹

《簡(jiǎn)·愛》的作者--夏洛蒂·勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte)，生于1816年英國(guó)北部的一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村牧師家庭。她所生活的的三十年間正是英國(guó)社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩的時(shí)代。資本主義正在發(fā)展并越來越暴露它內(nèi)在的缺陷；勞資之間矛盾尖銳化；失業(yè)工人的貧困；大量的童工被殘酷地折磨至死。社會(huì)和時(shí)代的不幸已經(jīng)讓這位女作家的家庭窮困潦倒，家庭的不幸更是讓她陷入巨大的困境當(dāng)中。母親早逝，八歲的夏洛蒂被送進(jìn)一所專收神職人員孤女的慈善性機(jī)構(gòu)。在那里生活條件極其惡劣，她的兩個(gè)姐姐瑪麗亞和伊麗莎白因染上肺病而先后死去。于是夏洛蒂和妹妹艾米莉回到家鄉(xiāng)，在荒涼的約克郡山區(qū)度過了童年。

15歲時(shí)她進(jìn)了伍勒小姐辦的學(xué)校讀書，幾年后又在這個(gè)學(xué)校當(dāng)教師。后來她曾作家庭教師，但因不能忍受貴婦人、闊小姐對(duì)家庭教師的歧視和刻薄，放棄了家庭教

小說主要描寫了簡(jiǎn)·愛與羅契斯特的愛情。簡(jiǎn)·愛的愛情觀更加深化了她的個(gè)性。她認(rèn)為愛情應(yīng)該建立在精神平等的基礎(chǔ)上，而不應(yīng)取決于社會(huì)地位、財(cái)富和外貌。只有男女雙方彼此真正相愛，才能得到真正的幸福。在追求個(gè)人幸福時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)·愛表現(xiàn)出異乎尋常的純真、樸實(shí)的思想感情和勇往直前的勇氣。她并沒有因?yàn)樽约旱钠腿说匚欢艞墝?duì)幸福的追求，她的愛情是純潔高尚的，她對(duì)羅契斯特的財(cái)富不屑一顧，她之所以鐘情于他，就是因?yàn)樗芷降却?，把她視作朋友，與她坦誠(chéng)相見。對(duì)羅契斯特說來，簡(jiǎn)·愛猶如一股清新的風(fēng)，使他精神為之一振。羅契斯特過去看慣了上層社會(huì)的冷酷虛偽，簡(jiǎn)·愛的純樸、善良和獨(dú)立的個(gè)性重新喚起他對(duì)生活的追求和向往。因而他能真誠(chéng)地在簡(jiǎn)面前表達(dá)他的愿望和改過的決心。

簡(jiǎn)·愛同情羅契斯特不幸的命運(yùn)，認(rèn)為他的錯(cuò)誤是客觀環(huán)境造成的。盡管他其貌不揚(yáng)，后來又破產(chǎn)成了殘廢，但她看到的是他內(nèi)心的美和令人同情的不幸命運(yùn)，所以最終與他結(jié)婚。小說通過羅契斯特兩次截然不同的愛情經(jīng)歷，批判了以金錢為基礎(chǔ)的婚姻和愛情觀，并始終把簡(jiǎn)·愛和羅契斯特之間的愛情描寫為思想、才能、品質(zhì)與精神上的完全默契。

簡(jiǎn)·愛是個(gè)不甘忍受社會(huì)壓迫、勇于追求個(gè)人幸福的女性。無論是她的貧困低下的社會(huì)地位，或是她那漂泊無依的生活遭遇，都是當(dāng)時(shí)英國(guó)下層人民生活的真實(shí)寫照。作者能夠把一個(gè)來自社會(huì)下層的覺醒中的新女性擺到小說的主人公地位，并對(duì)主人公為反抗壓迫和社會(huì)偏見、力爭(zhēng)獨(dú)立的人格和尊嚴(yán)、為追求幸福生活所作的頑強(qiáng)斗爭(zhēng)加以熱情歌頌，這在當(dāng)時(shí)的文學(xué)作品中是難能可貴的。簡(jiǎn)·愛平凡的外表下面隱藏著不朽的靈魂，在這個(gè)平庸的世界上顯得異常珍貴，灼然奪目。她的不屈不撓，勇于抗?fàn)幍木裰该髁艘粭l女性的道路，告訴天下所有的女性：要敢于對(duì)不公的命運(yùn)說不，勇敢的追求自由、平等和幸福。

二、《簡(jiǎn)愛》中女權(quán)主義思想

（一）自尊心、自信心、反抗精神

幼年時(shí)的簡(jiǎn).愛由于父母雙雙染病去世，她被送到蓋茨赫德莊園，寄居在舅舅家中?？裳┥霞铀氖巧w茨赫德的原主人里德先生—簡(jiǎn)愛的舅舅也過早的棄她而去。舅媽覺得她是一個(gè)“天性惡毒、想法卑劣、特別愛撒謊”的人，于是對(duì)她百般刁難。表

[2]

德府使簡(jiǎn)愛感受到“這兒有想象中的完美無缺的家庭安樂氣氛”。事實(shí)證明了她的預(yù)感的正確性，后來她成了羅切斯特的妻子果真成了這個(gè)家庭中的成員。

這個(gè)家的主人叫羅切斯特，他是個(gè)苦命的人，頑固的封建倫理道德釀成了羅切斯特的不幸婚姻。他大學(xué)畢業(yè)后在父親的安排下他娶了心胸狹窄的梅森小姐為妻。盡管美森的外表靚麗，然而她的脾氣確實(shí)極端的壞，她與羅切斯特的志趣格格不入。羅切斯特痛苦地感覺到“我們之間根本無法進(jìn)行親切的交談，因?yàn)椴还芪艺勂鹗裁丛掝}馬上就會(huì)從她那兒聽到既粗俗又陳腐、既乖張又愚蠢的回答”。

當(dāng)羅切斯特第一次看到簡(jiǎn)愛時(shí)他就感到了“有一種全新的東西一種新的活力和新的感覺不知不覺傳便了我的全身”。這種新的感覺其實(shí)就是羅切斯特的真愛之夢(mèng)將成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，這種感覺和簡(jiǎn)愛所預(yù)見的感覺一樣也是正確的。從和簡(jiǎn)愛相見、相識(shí)到相愛的過程當(dāng)中，簡(jiǎn)愛的那種叛逆精神、自強(qiáng)自尊的品質(zhì)深深地征服了羅切斯特，而羅切斯特的優(yōu)雅風(fēng)度和淵博知識(shí)同樣也征服了簡(jiǎn)愛。

簡(jiǎn)愛與羅切斯特的婚姻變故促使她離開了桑菲爾德府，離開了她心愛的羅切斯特。經(jīng)過了寒冷饑餓的折磨無家可歸的簡(jiǎn)愛終于進(jìn)了她的人生的又一個(gè)驛站—圣約翰家。對(duì)于親情的十分看重當(dāng)她從叔叔那里繼承了兩萬英鎊的遺產(chǎn)時(shí)，她毫不猶豫地決定和她的三個(gè)表哥、表姐平分這份遺產(chǎn)。可見在簡(jiǎn)愛的眼中錢盡管很重要，但是比起親情來就顯得微不足道了。這與當(dāng)時(shí)一切以錢為中心的人際關(guān)系形成了鮮明的對(duì)比。她認(rèn)為“我不至于自私自利到不講情義，不講公道到不分是非，忘恩負(fù)義到不像人樣”[2]。這是她對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的金錢社會(huì)的有力抨擊和尖銳的痛恨。

圣約翰是一個(gè)知識(shí)淵博，長(zhǎng)相英俊的傳教士。但是他不會(huì)享受生活的樂趣，整天到晚和時(shí)間挑戰(zhàn)。他認(rèn)為工作是高于一切的，甚至包括生命和愛情。圣約翰為了他的偉大事業(yè)到東方印度傳教，他十分痛苦地壓抑了這份欲望。簡(jiǎn)愛對(duì)于他的選擇簡(jiǎn)直是不可思議，有愛卻不敢愛，有了愛情卻不敢追求。另一方面當(dāng)圣約翰發(fā)覺，簡(jiǎn)愛是一個(gè)有見識(shí)、有才智的女子的時(shí)候，他就向簡(jiǎn)愛求婚了，不是因?yàn)樗麗酆?jiǎn)愛，而是因?yàn)樗溃绻⒑?jiǎn)愛為妻，對(duì)他的事業(yè)將是一個(gè)很大的幫助。這是多么自私的想法。

簡(jiǎn)愛和羅切斯特的心靈感應(yīng)使他們走到了一塊，盡管當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)愛回到桑菲爾德府時(shí)她面對(duì)的是一個(gè)雙眼已瞎，一只手已經(jīng)殘廢的羅切斯特。但是，在簡(jiǎn)愛看來這些都是不重要的。只要羅切斯特愛她她也愛羅切斯特就已經(jīng)足夠了。她毅然與羅切斯特結(jié)婚，當(dāng)起了羅切斯特的妻子和護(hù)士。兩年以后命運(yùn)垂青了，這么一對(duì)恩愛的夫妻他們有了自己的孩子。羅切斯特的一只眼睛也恢復(fù)了視力，他們過著幸福的生活。我們看到

（二）為獲得認(rèn)同和尊嚴(yán)而戰(zhàn)

簡(jiǎn)愛在被家人認(rèn)為是“壞孩子”趕出來之后被送往孤兒院。（當(dāng)時(shí)看來是慈善學(xué)校的一種）通常在這里小孩受到壓迫和非人的虐待。她的視眼變得開闊了，性格中帶著更加憤怒的火花。由此可見，簡(jiǎn)愛為獲得認(rèn)同和尊嚴(yán)而戰(zhàn)在羅伍德學(xué)校漸漸發(fā)展起來。融科赫斯特先生是學(xué)校里最為貪婪虛偽的代表，對(duì)簡(jiǎn)愛的最初印象是像動(dòng)物一樣大大的鼻子，突出的門牙。他在學(xué)校懲罰人的責(zé)任稱為拯救所謂的靈魂，他迫使學(xué)校所有的女孩剪掉頭發(fā)，饑寒交迫，像奴隸一樣對(duì)待她們，簡(jiǎn)愛也不例外。當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)愛摔壞了凳子時(shí)受到公然懲罰。她被罰站在凳子上一個(gè)半小時(shí)，融科赫斯特先生不僅公然羞辱她而且宣布她是騙子。因此簡(jiǎn)愛感到非常失望，此時(shí)此刻無法用語言表達(dá)她的痛苦。“我想變乖，在羅伍德學(xué)校我認(rèn)真做事，學(xué)會(huì)尊重別人，我已經(jīng)取得了顯著地進(jìn)步，成為班上第一名。米莉小姐經(jīng)常表揚(yáng)我，疼普小姐笑著贊許我，我受到同學(xué)們的一致好評(píng)，在他們眼中我是平等的?！盵2]

為什么簡(jiǎn)愛會(huì)想離開蓋茨黑德？原因是瑞德和他的家人對(duì)她漠不關(guān)心，她想受到家人的尊重。在她看來，人與人之間是平等的。所以她反對(duì)不合理的懲罰，視它為人格的侮辱，接著她開始為尊重而戰(zhàn)。如果別人不愛她，她寧愿去死也不愿活在這世上。由于融科赫斯特先生的謠言她受到其他同學(xué)的鄙視，尤其是她獲得老師和同學(xué)的尊重和認(rèn)可后，她絕望了以至于不能正常學(xué)習(xí)直到后來天普小姐為她澄清污名，同學(xué)像以前那樣對(duì)待她才漸漸好起來。簡(jiǎn)愛這才認(rèn)為世界是如此美麗，也不再抱怨學(xué)校的伙食，盡管很難咽下。

（三）為獨(dú)立平等而戰(zhàn)

簡(jiǎn)愛的獨(dú)立意識(shí)讓她在很小的時(shí)候就開始學(xué)著獨(dú)立，簡(jiǎn)愛經(jīng)常提醒自己命運(yùn)應(yīng)該掌握在自己手里，她拒絕羅切斯特送給她的珠寶和衣服，認(rèn)為他所送的手鐲項(xiàng)鏈戒指等都是奴役的象征。盡管艾比德政府提供她一年30英鎊，簡(jiǎn)愛還是繼續(xù)過著她平庸的生活，她覺得靠自己努力賺來的錢買衣服心安理得。這些行為不僅表現(xiàn)了簡(jiǎn)愛女性獨(dú)立信念而且反應(yīng)了她渴望了解世界與不同人交流的思想。當(dāng)她在絲絨菲爾德莊園過著簡(jiǎn)樸的生活時(shí)，開始后悔沒有出去旅游，向其他女性表達(dá)她的情感。

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)愛的生活一開始就沒有父母，沒有金錢，地位低下，惡劣的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境，也不漂亮但是足夠勇敢足夠堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。她可能是社會(huì)上微不足道的人但卻是自己的主人。

勇敢果決的走出了灰姑娘的童話，邁向一個(gè)有著新女性、真女性的文學(xué)道路的起步。簡(jiǎn)·愛藐視財(cái)富、社會(huì)地位和宗教的威儀，她認(rèn)為，“真正的幸福，在于美好的精神世界和高尚純潔的心靈?！盵10]她的信念和行動(dòng)展現(xiàn)出來的力量，深深打動(dòng)了一代又一代讀者的心，使生活在金錢萬能的社會(huì)中的人們的靈魂得到凈化。簡(jiǎn)·愛是一個(gè)對(duì)自己的思想和人格有著理性認(rèn)識(shí)的女性，一個(gè)對(duì)自己的幸福和情感有著堅(jiān)定追求的性，一個(gè)不再只是盲從于男人和世俗要求的女性，一個(gè)對(duì)自己的價(jià)值和情感做出了獨(dú)立判斷的女性，一個(gè)堅(jiān)強(qiáng)獨(dú)立的女性。夏洛蒂·勃朗特創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)前所未有的女性形象；簡(jiǎn)·愛發(fā)出了一個(gè)屬于女性自己的聲音—對(duì)于平等、獨(dú)立、完整、自由的堅(jiān)持和追求。作品當(dāng)中處處散發(fā)著女性主義的光輝，它所倡導(dǎo)的女性經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立意識(shí)，女性自我意識(shí)以及進(jìn)步的婚姻觀，至今仍然閃爍著耀眼的光芒。它像是一個(gè)風(fēng)標(biāo)，指引著千千萬萬的女性去追求自由、平等和幸福。

但她的思想也有一定的局限性?？v觀夏洛蒂的人生路程，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)自卑感是籠罩其一生的陰影，所以，她筆下的人物有時(shí)也有一種自卑感?！案F、低微、矮小、不美”是簡(jiǎn)·愛對(duì)自己的評(píng)價(jià)，這一客觀事實(shí)也是她產(chǎn)生自卑的根源。在這一評(píng)價(jià)之中，既有對(duì)自身形象的哀嘆，也有對(duì)家境出身的不滿。二者都對(duì)簡(jiǎn)·愛的人生選擇產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。在自卑感作祟下，簡(jiǎn)·愛在一定程度上認(rèn)同了世俗的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。所以，即使贏得了羅切斯特的愛情，簡(jiǎn)·愛也一直處于一種患得患失的狀態(tài)，沒有足夠的信心來維系這份感情，因?yàn)樗[隱感覺到世俗的強(qiáng)大力量在威脅著他們。[11]所以，當(dāng)知道閣樓上瘋女人的真實(shí)身份之后，簡(jiǎn)·愛選擇了自我放逐。從心理上來說，這是一種逃避的行為，而自卑心理正是導(dǎo)致回避行為的主因。

她還無法擺脫的男權(quán)束縛作為女權(quán)主義的先驅(qū)者，夏洛蒂塑造的簡(jiǎn)·愛在一定程度上突破了維多利亞時(shí)代女性存在價(jià)值的限定。但是，長(zhǎng)期沿襲下來的男權(quán)文化和男權(quán)話語的負(fù)面影響不可能在一夜之間就徹底肅清。她只是在家庭或經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)關(guān)注女性，而沒有深入更廣泛的社會(huì)領(lǐng)域，即政治層面。

夏洛蒂僅僅局限于表現(xiàn)在婚姻和家庭中，女性的遭遇以及她們對(duì)男權(quán)主義的憤怒和反抗上面，卻并沒有揭示女性問題的實(shí)質(zhì)，當(dāng)然也沒有指出實(shí)現(xiàn)女性解放的有效途徑，更無法體會(huì)到女性解放只有建立在女性價(jià)值的全面實(shí)現(xiàn)，建立在社會(huì)壓抑的解除和女性的徹底解放上。這樣，夏洛蒂一方而期盼著女性有獨(dú)立自主的意識(shí)，一方而卻又無法擺脫時(shí)代傳統(tǒng)觀念束縛。就像她的作品《簡(jiǎn)愛》中主人公簡(jiǎn)愛以一個(gè)“拯救者”的身份回歸家庭。這體現(xiàn)出了夏洛蒂女權(quán)主義思想的局限性，即她認(rèn)為女人的幸福仍

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參考文獻(xiàn)

[1]陸揚(yáng),張艷.拉康與弗洛伊德:無意識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)的語言分析[J].西北師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2005(7).[2]Bronte Charlotte·Jane Eyre [M].Beijing: Yili People’s Publishing House，2002：23-24.[3] 魏琴.試析女性主義意識(shí)在《簡(jiǎn)·愛》中的體現(xiàn)[J].文化研究.2009(12): 249-250.[4]朱虹.《簡(jiǎn)愛》與女性意識(shí)[J].河南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)，1987:5．

[5]路甬祥.簡(jiǎn)愛的性格分析 [M].北京 : 北京大學(xué)出版社，2006:73-76.[6]吳 朋.《簡(jiǎn)愛》中簡(jiǎn)愛的人格魅力 [J].外語界，2001(6):16-21.[7]王惠昭．淺析《簡(jiǎn)愛》中的女性價(jià)值觀 [M]．外語與外語教學(xué)，2001:29-31.[8]朱虹.最后一幅素描[M].天津：百花文藝出版社，2008.[9]夏洛特·勃朗特著.《簡(jiǎn)愛》，黃源深譯.南京：意林出版社，2006(11).[10] 劉淑華.淺談筒愛的性格：反抗與獨(dú)立[J].沈陽師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，1994(4).[11] 趙海虹.《簡(jiǎn)愛》的失敗[J].外國(guó)文學(xué)，2004.21314-

第三篇：《簡(jiǎn)愛》中女權(quán)主義意識(shí)(英文)

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摘 要

《簡(jiǎn)·愛》是現(xiàn)實(shí)主義時(shí)期著名的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作品,她被認(rèn)為是一位卓越的女作家。因?yàn)樗谛≌f中描述的是與傳統(tǒng)不同的女主人公簡(jiǎn)·愛的勇于追求自由、平等和獨(dú)立精神。它也是作者的自傳體小說。通過對(duì)簡(jiǎn)·愛的性格進(jìn)行剖析，證明了簡(jiǎn)·愛是一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的女權(quán)主義者。簡(jiǎn)·愛這個(gè)人物形象，博得讀者的愛憐，在英國(guó)文學(xué)史上是位具有代表性的人物，不僅表現(xiàn)在外表的樸實(shí)無華，而且表現(xiàn)在她性格上的獨(dú)特魅力。簡(jiǎn)·愛因其性格中所具有的強(qiáng)烈反抗意識(shí)而特別地引人注目。她堅(jiān)持自己的原則去不斷反抗不公平的社會(huì)。她用盡全力去追求自由，平等，獨(dú)立和真愛。經(jīng)過堅(jiān)持不懈的努力她最終獲得自尊，自由和真愛。

關(guān)鍵詞：女權(quán), 反叛, 獨(dú)立,平等, 真愛

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ABSTRACT

Jane Eyre is the most famous work of Charlotte Bronte, who is considered as an extraordinary woman novelist.Because the novel throbs with the heart-beats of its author, both literary critics and the readers have taken great interest in its unconventional heroine Jane Eyre, whose unconventionality is shown in the heroine‘s pursuit of liberty, equality and independence.It is an autobiographical novel in a certain degree.This essay attempts to prove Jane is a real feminist through the analysis of her personality.Jane Eyre is a typical and magnificent representative in English literature, not only for her plain but famous appearance but also for her character‘s outstanding and alien thoughts.The image of Jane Eyre is brilliant for her rebellious character.She always insists on her principle to rebel and fights bravely against the unjust world.She still tries her best to pursue freedom, equality, independence and true love.By unremitting efforts she finally gets dignity, freedom and true love.KEY WORDS: feminist, rebel, independence, equality, true love

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Contents

Introduction ………………………………………………………………………..(9)Chapter One The Development of Jane Eyre‘s Resistance ……………………...(10)

1.1 Outburst period at Gateshead …………………………………………...(10)

1.2 Jane‘s resistance at Lowood Institution ………………………………(11)1.3 The perfection period at Thornfield and Moor House ………………….(13)Chapter Two Jane Eyre‘s Pursuit of Independence and Freedom ……………….(14)2.1 Jane begins to realize the importance of independence and freedom …(14)2.2 Jane gains strength from her teacher and her friend to achieve her

independence ………………………………………………………....(14)2.3 Jane develops her independence fully and learns the pleasure of it......(15)Chapter Three Jane Eyre‘s Attitude Towards Love ……………………………(18)3.1 True love should be based on equality and mutual understanding………..(18)3.2 The marriage pursued by women must be based on true love ……........(19)Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………….(23)Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………(24)Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………(25)

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Introduction

Charlotte Bronte, an English writer, is a great critical realist in the 19th century.She writes lots of works in her life.She sets to work on a new novel, Jane Eyre, which is published in August, 1847.Jane Eyre is her masterpiece which is a world famous novel.Jane Eyre has been translated into many languages and is always high in reading popularity.Jane Eyre, a plain, timid, weak and pale girl who appears to be a heroine, exists in numerous people’s minds.It seems to be a strange phenomenon.How can she arouse the eminent attention of the readers throughout the world? Because Jane Eyre stands for an idealized woman in the 19th century.Charlotte Bronte aims at awakening women's consciousness and courage to equal rights and freedom.Jane Eyre cuts a completely new woman image.She represents those middle-class working women who are struggling for the recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.Jane strives with all difficulties to gain women’s liberation and to pursue freedom, equality and true love.The analysis of Jane‘s personalities and her attitudes toward love has shown partly Jane‘s love — a kind of direct, enthusiastic and faithful love.The story of the independent-minded Jane and her love affair with Mr.Rochester opens up new dimension for women.She is a typical character of awakening bourgeois intellectual women.The heroine Jane moves most readers as a kind and unique image in spite of her plainness, poverty and low position.The profound meaning of Jane‘s personalities makes this novel an extremely important work lists in the history of world literature as well as in the English literature.第9頁

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Chapter One The Development of Jane Eyre’s Resistance

1.1 Outburst period at Gateshead

Jane Eyre seems to be pale, thin and weak.She is like a piece of dust, nobody pays attention to her.At any time she may disappear.She was born an orphan, with an unfortunate family and long time repressive feeling;she builds up her resistant emotion.Under this background, everyone looks down upon her.Jane asks herself ―why was I always suffering, always browbeaten, always abused, for ever condemned.‖(Bronte, 2002:13)Her reason says ―unjust!-unjust!‖(Bronte, 2002:14)A first angry voice bursts out from her deep heart.When John beats her again, she attacks him viciously.She shouts at him, ―Wicked and cruel boy!You are like a murderer —you are like a slave-driver—you are like the Roman emperors!“(Bronte, 2002:7)When Mrs.Reed tells Mr.Brocklehurst that Jane has a bad character and a deceitful disposition, she defends that ―I am not deceitful: if I were, I should say I loved you;but I declare I do not love you: I dislike you the worst of anybody in the world except John Reed;and this book about the liar, you may give it to your girl, Georgiana, for it is she who tells lies, and not I.”(Bronte, 2002:48)However, Jane is a brave soldier who dares to face up all kinds of injustice and fights against them.Before she leaves Gateshead, she rebukes her aunt‘s cruelty, ―How dare I, Mrs.Reed? How dare I? Because it is the truth.You think I have no feelings and that I can do without one bit of love or kindness;but I cannot live so: and you have no pity.I shall remember how you thrust me back—roughly and violently thrust me back—into the red-room, and locked me up there, to my dying day;though I was in agony;though I cried out, while suffocating with distress, ?Have mercy!Have mercy, Aunt Reed!‘ And that punishment you made me suffer because your wicked boy struck me—knocked me down for nothing.I will tell anybody who asks me questions, this exact tale.People think you a good woman, but you are bad, hard-hearted.You are deceitful!‖(Bronte, 2002:49)Jane suffers various violent treatments by her aunt and

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cousins;she tries her best to be a good girl but only results in failure in Mrs.Reed‘s eyes.Jane resists and resists, but finally breaks out and speaks all her anger;Jane‘s courage frightens Mrs.Reed, for she knows Jane is right.In those days at Gateshead Hall, Jane's strong, brave and unbending characteristics are expressed step by step.Her every behavior shows her great indignation.Isolation, poverty, discrimination and oppression cause her to revolt against the unfair society in her own way.Jane is driven away from and escapes from Reed‘s house partly because of fearless courage.Jane fights not only for just treatment, but also for equality.This is the first step of the development of Jane Eyre‘s rebellious character.1.2 Jane’s resistance at Lowood Institution Lowood Institution is a charity school for poor clergymen‘s daughters.Jane lives here for eight years.Her rebellious sprits become mature.In fact it is a hell for poor girls.The school is like a prison dominated by cold, implacable cruelty and Brocklehurst.Children here are not supplied with enough food, clothes and good treatment of disease.Many of them die of illness.They have no love and sympathy at all, living in hunger and cold.Children must pray for God and thank for oppressors.Helen, a clever, intelligent and beautiful girl receives curse and beat, finally loses her young life.She believes in God.She says to Jane, ―I am sure there is a future state;I believe God is good;I can resign my immortal part to Him without any misgiving.God is my father;God is my friend: I love Him;I believe He loves me.‖(Bronte, 2002:121)Just because of these ideas, Helen hasn‘t a little rebel against that kind of cruel treatment.However Jane is not like Helen.She always tries to rebel, though she is still a child.She tells Helen: ―A great deal: you are good to those who are good to you.It is all I ever desire to be.If people were always kind and obedient to those who are cruel and unjust, the wicked people would have it all their own way: they would never feel afraid, and so they would never alter, but would grow worse and worse.When we are struck at without a reason, we should strike back again very hard;I am sure we

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should—so hard as to teach the person who struck us never to do it again."(Bronte, 2002:82)This rhythmic and forceful speech embodies the deep bourgeois oppression of the lower women and Jane‘s rebellious spirit.To achieve independence as an equal human, Jane never yields to fate and background.She does as she says.Her attitude towards her cousins, her aunt and Mr.Brocklehurst all proves it.Another woman, Miss Temple, is also admired and deeply loved by Jane.Miss Temple‘s learning stimulates Jane‘s longing for intelligence and Miss Temple‘s kindness stirs up her enthusiasm for ideal life.So when Miss Temple leaves Lowood, Jane can‘t put up with dullness and isolation there.She thinks that now she is left in her natural element, and begins to feel the stirring of old emotions.Jane looks forward to a new life and a free sky.No matter what will happen in the future, she will face it bravely.The rebellious fury is burnt again.Then Jane makes an advertisement and gets a governess profession at Thornfield.In this period, Jane‘s rebellious spirit is up to a new standard and catches a more profound meaning.Her fighting is not only against a person, but against the social convention.1.3 The perfection period at Thornfield and Moor House At Thornfield, Jane, as a grown-up, changes her harshness into a refined woman with good education, delicacy of feeling and gentleness of manners.At Thornfield she gets along well with everyone.Jane is mild to everyone.Adele, a girl without talent is carefully taught by Jane and made safe and happy.In such a wild world, she forgets her pain and her misery.Furthermore, she learns to be tolerant to others‘ shortcomings.Hearing that Mrs.Reed is dying, she comes back soon to Gateshead.Although she once has told Mrs.Reed that she never wants to see her again, she forgets and forgives her.Jane‘s delicate feeling is best revealed when she meets Rochester, who is hurt.She gives him a hand in a polite way.In spite of his rude rejection, she says, ―I can not think of leaving you, sir, at so late an hour, in this solitary lane, till I see you are fit to mount your horses.‖(Bronte, 2002:173)

When Jane falls in love with Rochester, she is awaken and still keeps her resistance;she makes her every effort to rebel against social prejudice and customs，第12頁

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struggling for independence and true love.She dares to say ―no‖ to anyone, including her master, Mr.Rochester who is domineering and arrogant.When she talks with Mr.Rochester, she doesn‘t avoid saying what she thinks whether Mr.Rochester is happy or not.On the wedding between Jane and Rochester, Jane is told that Rochester has married before.Bertha Mason, a mad woman is his wife who has been living in Thornfield.At the bad news, Jane knows if she lives with him, she will fall into the category of mistress and lose her respect.The dream of freedom, happiness and the independence which she was looking forward to would become fancies.The strength of reason is power over emotion.Jane leaves Thornfield resolutely to meet unknown fate in the future.When she almost starves to death, St.John helps her.Jane‘s spirit of revolt is obviously expressed by her refusal of St.John‘s offer of marriage.Jane never changes her will to follow St.John.She thinks, ―If I join St.John, I abandon half myself, if I go to India, I go to premature death‖, ―if I do make the sacrifice he urges, I will make it absolutely: I will throw all on the altar—heart, vitals, the entire victim.‖(Bronte, 2002:642)Jane says to St.John, ―I scorn your idea of love.‖(Bronte, 2002:649)Jane dares to rebel against St.John‘s offer because she thinks they are equal.She has the right to rebel against him.This period is the perfection of Jane Eyre‘s rebellions.第13頁

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Chapter Two Jane Eyre’s Pursuit of Independence and

Freedom

2.1 Jane begins to realize the importance of independence and freedom

Independence is the outstanding quality throughout the whole process of the novel.Jane Eyre is not pretty and her character is unique.She is maltreated by her cousins and aunt.One day, when Jane takes John‘s book to read, he beats her once more.John says that Jane has no business to take his books;―You have no business to take our books;you are a dependant, mama says, you have no money;your father left you none;you ought to beg, and not to live here with gentlemen‘s children like us, and eat the same meals we do, and wear clothes at our mama‘s expense‖.(Bronte, 2002:7)When she fights against him severely, she is sent to Red Room.In the Red Room, she is frightened, but she keeps a clear mind that she realizes she needs to be saved from her blind fear of authority and be self-reliant.Her mind is in tumult, and all her heart in insurrection, her reason says ―unjust!I never compromise to them.I shall be independent.‖(Bronte, 2002:14)She hates Gateshead, hates everyone there.She hates Mrs.Reed who is a bad, hard-hearted woman.She treats her with miserable cruelty.Gateshead is a shelter for her, which teaches her a lot of things.Only when she is independent, can she be respected by others.After all, she is a little girl, it is hard for her to be economically independent.Therefore, she decides to be independent, self-sufficient in her mind.The Reeds are really mean to her and she thinks they suck.Of course, the feeling is mutual.Therefore, she is spared from the Reeds and is sent to a low budget orphan school called Lowood Institution.2.2 Jane gains strength from her teacher and her friend to achieve her independence

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At Lowood Institution, under the hypocritical Evangelicalism of the headmaster, Mr.Brocklehurst, she suffers further privation in the austere environment.The condition there is disgusting, but Jane doesn‘t submit to it.She gains her strength from her teacher and her fellow students to achieve her independence.Maria Temple, an independent woman, is the headmaster of the Institution.She is a responsible teacher, and kind to the students, even the low students.Consequently, she gains respect and popularity from the people around her.From Maria Temple, Jane learns that independence is a very important thing for everyone.In our modern society, it seems to be more important to be independent.Jane learns the importance of duty and self-control through the friendship with Helen.At the beginning, Jane has much sympathy for Helen.Because Helen doesn‘t dare to fight against the person who insults her.When Helen is to be flogged and to be asked to stand in the middle of a room that full of people.Jane thinks that Helen should turn against others when she is bullied;she should resist against Miss Scatcherd, and dislike Miss Scatcherd.From these we can see that Jane is not obedient to anyone if someone bullies her, she will do the same thing to others.As known to all, it is not violence that best overcomes hatred, nor vengeance that most certainly heals injury.And Jane learns these from Helen.Jane is deeply moved by Helen‘s actions and words.―Yet it would be your duty to bear it, if you could not avoid it: it is weak and silly to say you cannot bear what your fate to be required to bear‖.(Bronte, 2002:79)Then through the friendship with Helen, she learns to be self-control in a certain degree.―It is far better to endure patiently a smart which nobody feels but yourself, than to commit a hasty action whose evil consequences will extend to all connected with you;and besides, the Bible bids us return good for evil‖.(Bronte, 2002:79)

Jane stays at Lowood for 8 years.She attempts to do well in all aspects.She makes rapid progress both in study and work.She becomes stronger than before in her heart.The idea of breaking out the conservative puritan life does not occur to her.She longs for a new form of life.So she gets a job by herself.第15頁

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2.3 Jane develops her independence fully and learns the pleasure of it In order to lead a life of independence, Jane works as a governess at Thornfield Hall.She is looks down upon by the rich ladies of the fashionable society, but she never despises herself, she never feels herself inferior.She is satisfied with, and even proud of her honest, independent work.She loves Rochester who is in a large possession of fortune and in a high social position, but she never thinks of relying on these things.Once she immediately answers Rochester‘s question about what else she needs, by saying, ―Your regard: and if I give mine in return, that debt will be quit.‖(Bronte, 2002:424)This kind of independence is irrevocable out of her pure soul which hasn‘t been contaminated by the earthy care at all and represented the pure uprightness.When the happiness reaches the highest point where she is about to be the dreamy person‘s wife, Jane keeps a clear mind, protecting her independence and her personality.She refuses all the precious gifts that could have been owned as a fiancee and reminded Rochester again and again of the responsibility she should continue to fulfill as a governess.As Rochester‘s bride, she continues to be Adele‘s governess;when Rochester intends to give her a lot of jewelry and beautiful clothes, she refuses.Generally, beautiful clothes and jewelries are the favorite things to women.Jane thinks that real love is not based on money and jewelry.Her love doesn‘t mix with other strange ideas.In her opinion, self-respect, independence and equal rights are the fundamental elements of one‘s love.She doesn‘t want to be the slave of money, and she doesn‘t want to rely on others.They fall in deep love with each other.Rochester doesn‘t want Jane to go on working，he wishes Jane belongs to him and considers Jane as his property．Jane refuses his suggestion without any hesitation．In her opinion，if she loses her job, she must depend on Rochester to live，thus independence says goodbye to her.She doesn‘t want to be a thing of Rochester.At last, she decides to preserve her independence.With the news coming that Rochester‘s wife is still alive, Jane is driven back to her original status.It means that Jane is just a lover to him.By this time, there are two roads in front of her: One is to be the lover of Rochester.The other is away from

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Rochester to begin a new life.Actually, it‘s very sad for Jane to leave the place she liked, and the man she deeply loved.However, Jane is the unique!She is determined to leave Thornfield without any hesitation.As we know that nothing can succeed in confining her before her resistant spirit.The powerful shout of the born independent spirit from her heart remains her independence.The natural strength of independence overwhelms her, ―still indomitable was the reply—I care for myself.The more solitary, the more friendless, and the more unsustained I can be, the more I will respect myself.‖(Bronte, 2002:467)With Jane and Rochester‘s suffering the readers‘ compassion is also aroused besides the feeling of pity.There is no defying that the blood of independence is going through Jane‘s whole body from the day she was born.Fleeing from calamity solitarily, she does not hesitate all prices to maintain her own personality, dignity, and rebellions and independence is portrayed more perfect, and richer.Nowadays, as to women, we can‘t depend on men completely.We should earn money through our efforts, we must be independent, never be subsidiary to others.In order to get dignity, freedom and independence, she runs away.At the prerequisite of maintaining her own character she doesn‘t take the jewelry and clothes which Rochester gives her.Jane arrives at the desolate crossroads of whitcross and is reduced to begging for food.Fortunately, the Rivers siblings helped her.At Moor House, Jane learns the pleasure of self-sufficiency.She lives a happy life there.She develops great affection for the ladies, Diana and Mary, and they are really nice to her.Jane becomes spiritually stronger and more confident through the friendship with Diana and Mary.She doesn‘t want to live there for a long time.She intends to find a job to support herself, so St.John finds a job for her to teach at the local school.While teaching, she gains more social respect, and her students make progress quickly.Furthermore, the students and their parents like her very much.She is very happy and satisfied with her own conditions.As a teacher, her students‘ progress and popularity are the best gifts to her.第17頁

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Chapter Three

Jane Eyre’s Attitude Towards Love

3.1 True love should be based on equality and mutual understanding From the strong ego and independent personality, Jane seeks for love which should be based on mutual understanding, equality, respect and attraction.Jane is a governess, who has the profession with very low social position.Nearly no one looks up on it at that time.Being born of second class, Jane is sensitive about her position in society.She hopes that she can live with the same self-esteem as everyone in the upper class.She works very hard to be a good lady to reach the norm which is required by the upper class.Then she is eager to be admitted by the man who she loves, i.e.Rochester.Generally speaking, people are often satisfied with beloved one‘s compliment.As for Jane, things are the same.Rochester is one of the members of the upper class.Rochester is a rich gentleman with high social status and reputation.But Rochester falls in love with Jane, so does Jane.Jane doesn‘t pay much attention to the difference between their social positions, because she only admires and believes in marriage based on true love.Humble job and poverty cannot stop her loving an upper class gentleman.On this point, she shows a woman's extra strength to take a risky love with Rochester and keeps her self-esteem.She respects the mutual equality of personality.Jane‘s viewpoint shows she has clear self-awake sense of love.As a woman living in the society unequal between men and women, Jane doesn‘t follow the outmoded conventions.She believes men and women are equal even if not in property, but in personality.When Rochester tells Jane that he is going to marry Miss Ingram and he insists that Jane must stay at Thornfield.Jane is angry at it.Let us see how Jane retorts to Rochester‘s teasing.―I tell you I must go!‖ ―Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton?––a machine without feelings? And I can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from

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my lips? Do you think I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? In fact you think wrong!––I have as much soul as you, and full as much heart!And if God had gifted me with some beauty.and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you.I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh;it is my spirit that addressed your spirit;just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God‘s feet, equal,—as we are!‖(Bronte, 2002:396)Rochester understands fully and esteems her.Jane still maintains self-control and clear-headed when she becomes Rochester‘s fiancée.She wants to protect her honor and independence.When Rochester buys diamond necklace, bracelet, ring, etc., which means to bind her, she refuses those gifts and reminds her, ―I shall continue to act as Adele‘s governess;by that I shall earn my board and lodging, and thirty pounds a year besides.‖(Bronte, 2002:423)Thus she is such a person who regards her dignity sacredly and inviolably.Jane seeks for happiness and love, but she doesn‘t think love is supreme.She can throw away traditions to follow love, but she will never sacrifice her dignity and independence for the reason of love.Obtaining equality in life is Jane's ambition.It is equality that makes her love Rochester with all of her heart and soul;also it is equality that makes her leave Rochester with her disappointment and distress.Life is hard to Jane.On their wedding day, a secret is exposed that Rochester has a mad wife locked for several years, and then Jane resolutely gives up Rochester and is determined not to be a mistress.Jane's ambition, of course, forbids her to accept the unequal position of being the mistress of someone‘s husband.She has her self-respect and must keep her nobility.Being an illegal mistress benefits her nothing but reduces her virtue and demoralizes her personality.Then she would have to depend on Rochester and lose her quality, independence and freedom.So she chooses the distress of leaving Rochester to realize her pursuit.3.2 The marriage pursued by women must be based on true love At that time, women were first customarily dependent on their parents then upon

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husbands.Their parents tried their best to choose good husbands for their daughters.The choices of husbands and fates were determined by men‘s social positions and properties, rather than personalities and sincere emotions.Usually, women‘s rational consideration triumphed over their personal interests.A problem raises in the novel is the position of a woman in society.Jane Eyre, the heroine of the novel, maintains that women should have equal rights with men.When she decides to leave her love, she is very sad.But Jane will feel unpeaceful if she does not leave and stays with Rochester as a lover.And she would not be her cousin‘s wife without love.It is very easy to choose one‘s own love in today‘s England.But it is not so easy to do it in the 18th and 19th century England.Jane thinks that it is a glorious thing to have the hope of living with him and being his wife.Jane loves him with her whole heart.They have a meeting of the mind.But in that social background, people pay too much attention to property, rank and status.If the disparity is great, a pair of lovers would suffer disagreement with their families and their friends.Mrs.Fairfax, one of Rochester‘s servants, is very surprised and feels puzzled that her master is madly clinging to Jane.In their opinion, Blanche Ingram, who is a typical representative of the rich class, is so beautifu1, rich and has the same high social position.She is regarded as Thornfield wife of Rochester in the future by most people.She is the ideal wife of Rochester.If Rochester marries Ingram, it is natura1．Because in that society，people‘s sense of love is on the basis of money.In their eyes，money is everything，money is marriage.For the sake of money they can marry anyone even though the husband or the wife is an idiot.So the marriage between Rochester and Ingram is fair and reasonable．In their opinion, Jane is an ordinary looking woman without wealth, so she can never match Rochester.But with the development of the plot，Miss Ingram is proven to be a loser．Rochester is deeply attracted by Jane and gives up Ingram.Jane defeats her though Jane has no property and beauty.Jane‘s plainness，poverty, position and disposition are contrasted to Ingram‘s obviously.Jane is kind，intelligent, sympathetic and thoughtful, while Ingram‘s minds is poor and hypocritica1.She has no sympathy at al1.She plans to

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青島理工大學(xué)琴島學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文用紙

marry Rochester only because of Rochester‘ s property，Ingram tries her best to fascinate Rochester again and again，unfortunately，she falls again and again.Jane is fully aware of it．She witnesses ―repeated failures‖．The party is the climax of the novel and the essence of the book.At the party，Jane‘s victory is complete.According to her beautiful personality and the strength of her noble spirit，Jane drives those aristocrats away from competitive stages．High position and great wealth shows by the noble class are put aside．Jane gets glorious victory．

The marriage pursued by women must be based on true love.She distains the money and hunt marriage, and looks down upon her artificial and hypocritical manners.The way she gets to know Rochester well is talking with him, observing him and getting agreements with him.She falls in love with Rochester not at the first sight but after a fairly long time of acquaintance.Before she completely knows Rochester Jane only takes him as the master and an object for talking.Every time she talks with him, her attitude to Rochester changes.Through communicating with each other by their minds, they gradually come to a harmony in spirit.Jane thinks, ―The ease of his manner freed me from painful restraint;the friendly frankness, correct as cordial，with which he heated me, drew me to him.I felt at times as if he were my relation rather than my master: yet he was imperious sometimes still;but 1 did not mind that.‖(Bronte, 2002:225)This is Jane's revelation of true feeling to Rochester.Only when Jane understands Rochester, can she appropriately analyse and accept Rochester‘s character.Understanding each other and getting harmonious in spirit，the solid base of their true love.Jane loves Rochester‘s value as a man, instead of his properties, social and family status.So, whether Rochester is a rich person in the upper-class society, or is afflicted with calamity and becomes totally-blinded disabled man;whether Jane is a poor and plain governess in Thornfield, or she becomes a rich heiress in one night.Nothing can change her steadfast love for Rochester.After leaving Rochester‘s home, Thornfield Hall, Jane walks and travels without any aim.She lives in hunger and cold.As she roams about a whit cross, she is nearly dead because she suffers terrible hardships.St.John helps her and saves her life.St

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青島理工大學(xué)琴島學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文用紙

John wants to marry Jane and takes her to India with him.Although he is a little merciful and handsome, he is also very harsh and arbitrary.He considers little of Jane‘s benefit.He does not respect her or give her selfless love.Jane says if she joins St John, she will abandon half herself and if she goes to India, she will go to premature death.Jane tells John that she does not believe in marriage without love, because she still loves Rochester deeply.Jane insists that true love should be based on equality, mutual understanding and respect.She knows that to marry such a stonehearted person is to become a tool of him to serve God, so she refuses John‘s proposal.She hears the voice of Rochester in her mind, then she comes back to look for Rochester.She learns that Thornfield Hall has been burnt down, and that Rochester, attempting vainly to save his mad wife from the fire, loses one of his hands, is blind in both eyes, and becomes a crippled man.Now Mr.Rochester is not as rich as he used to, and he is disabled.But Jane loves him more than ever.Jane decides to stay with him and look after him for all of her life.This pair of lovers comes together in the end.But in that society such a marriage is considered uncommon and untraditional.In their love affairs there exist various paradoxes and conflicts which linked equality.Through mutual understanding, they gain the love between them.Jane gets Rochester‘s love as well as equality.Their love is based on equal communication, equal understanding and equal spirit.As we know, Jane is deep in love with Mr.Rochester, but if love runs against independence and equality, she would rather choose the latter, though it would be a great sorrow for them two.The unfulfilled matrimonial ceremony, therefore, provides the reader a good chance to learn the good sense and shrewdness in making decisions.In the end, Jane‘s return to and union with Mr.Rochester(who is not only nearly blind but relieved from his mad wife,)helps the reader see her true love for Mr.Rochester and her willing sacrifice to restore their paradise.第22頁

青島理工大學(xué)琴島學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文用紙

Conclusion

Jane Eyre is Charlotte Bronte‘s masterpiece;it is an autobiographical novel in a certain degree.Charlotte Bronte was so poor when she was young and she nearly could not feel her parents‘ love.In addition, she is not attractive and is very short, so all of these reflect her self-humiliation.She has a strong sense of self-esteem, and she often compensates for the self-humiliation by her self-esteem.She describes Jane Eyre, in fact, she writes herself.Jane Eyre is as common as Charlotte Bronte, and she keeps going after a kind of free, bright and beautiful life because of her self-esteem.The poetic, imaginative story of the love of a young governess for her married employer also has undoubted connections with Charlotte Bronte‘s experience in Brussels.It is an immediate success with both readers and most of the critics.Jane Eyre, the heroine of this novel, struggles to acquire her self-respect, independence, dignity and self-sufficiency at every stage of her life, both in struggling with social pressure, maltreatment, discrimination and in resisting against the temptation of passion.That the author describes her leading personalities in the novel, and highly praises her spirit against the oppression and social prejudice, her pursuit of the independent personality and the dignity, and her tenacious struggle for happy life is obviously aimed at revealing the call of the people of the lower class for respect and freedom, and further to awaken them to protest against the unfair society that kills humanity.And it‘s in this sense that Jane moves most readers as a kind and unique image in spite of her plainness, poverty and low position.In my opinion, the value of a woman does not lie in her looks, her dress, and any other things that have a powerful fascination to men‘s eyes, but in her nature, her mind, her character and her sentiment.This novel embodies the indomitable struggle of the laboring class who are awakening.The author, Charlotte Bronte calls for the equality between sexes, spiritual freedom and inviolable human dignity, showing her sympathy for the laboring class.第23頁

青島理工大學(xué)琴島學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文用紙

Acknowledgements

Firstly, I would like to delicate my most sincere graduate to my supervisor Liu Xueyun, for his kindness and patience, unreserved help, respectable tolerance and his valuable suggestions.Without his meticulous proofreading and revision, my thesis would not be like what it is today.Secondly, I want to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to all the respectable professors and teachers who taught me the B.A.courses during my four-year undergraduate study, Professor Liu Shifa, Professor Jiang Xiping, Miss Shi Luan, Miss Tian Yan, Miss Jia Lihong and Miss An Mei etc.I have benefited a lot from their profound knowledge and wonderful lectures which are indispensable to the accomplishment of my thesis.Thirdly, my heart-felt thanks also go to my friends, especially Liang Qian, Zhang Qian, Yu Jing with whom I have shared the joy and frustration in pursuit of knowledge.In the end, my thanks go to my parents, without whose support I could not have accomplished my study.第24頁

青島理工大學(xué)琴島學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文用紙

Bibliography

Bronte, Charlotte.Jane Eyre Edited with an Introduction by Smith, Margaret.London: Oxford University Press, 2002.Shorter, C.K.Charlotte Bronte and Her Circle.London, 1896.Ellison, Edith.A Study of Bronte’s Novels.Green Wood Press, 1991.Wu Weiren.History and Anthology of English Literature, 1988． 簡(jiǎn)同，《百部世界文學(xué)名著賞析》。北京：北京出版社，2001。李獻(xiàn)民，譯《簡(jiǎn)·愛》。呼和浩特：內(nèi)蒙古人民出版社，2002。劉炳善，英國(guó)文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史。上海：上海外語教育出版社，1981。田兆耀，《西方文學(xué)鑒賞》。北京：中國(guó)廣播電視出版社，2002。楊靜遠(yuǎn)，《勃朗特姐妹研究》。北京：中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)出版社, 1983。楊豈深，《外國(guó)文學(xué)名著欣賞》。哈爾濱：黑龍江人民出版社, 1984。

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第四篇：論《簡(jiǎn)愛》中簡(jiǎn)愛的女性意識(shí)

論《簡(jiǎn)愛》中簡(jiǎn)愛的女性意識(shí)

作者：祝娟

單位：博英陽光幼兒園

【摘 要】夏洛蒂?勃朗特最負(fù)盛名的一部作品《簡(jiǎn)愛》出版于1847年。在那個(gè)年代，由女性作家創(chuàng)作的以女性作為主角的長(zhǎng)篇小說實(shí)屬難得，更可貴的是作品中體現(xiàn)出的女性獨(dú)立意識(shí)，雖然這種獨(dú)立意識(shí)在強(qiáng)大的社會(huì)價(jià)值觀念的作用下顯得有些無助甚至——在極端的情況下——有些病態(tài)。但《簡(jiǎn)愛》的女主人公簡(jiǎn)愛敢于反抗壓迫,要求獨(dú)立自由,追求平等的精神體現(xiàn)出的強(qiáng)烈的女性意識(shí),使其成為那個(gè)時(shí)代最具有代表性的全新的女性。

【關(guān)鍵詞】簡(jiǎn)愛

女性意識(shí)

平等

獨(dú)立

女性意識(shí)界定

所謂女性意識(shí),就是指女性對(duì)自身作為人,尤其是女人的價(jià)值的體驗(yàn)和醒悟.對(duì)于男權(quán)社會(huì),其表現(xiàn)為拒絕接受男性社會(huì)對(duì)女性的傳統(tǒng)定義,以及對(duì)男性權(quán)力的質(zhì)疑和顛覆；同時(shí),又表現(xiàn)為關(guān)注女性的生存狀況,審視女性心理情感和表達(dá)女性生命體驗(yàn)。具體得說：“‘女性意識(shí)’指女性的自我意識(shí)??它主足于女性的‘此在’去感知，體驗(yàn)人生與世界，傳達(dá)女性的欲望與追求，肯定女性的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與價(jià)值”。19 世紀(jì)的英國(guó)是“女性小說的時(shí)代”。

批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《簡(jiǎn)愛》以其鮮明的女性主義主題創(chuàng)作出超越時(shí)代的女主人公簡(jiǎn)·愛。她既不是“家里的天使”也不是“理想的淑女”，她的桀傲與叛逆顯然和時(shí)代的主流意識(shí)格格不入，卻因勇敢的挑戰(zhàn)男權(quán)控制下的既定秩序，追求女性的獨(dú)立、平等成為女性文學(xué)不朽的經(jīng)典人物形象。

女性意識(shí)在《簡(jiǎn)愛》中的體現(xiàn)

十九世紀(jì)的英國(guó)普遍存在的婦女觀是什么呢? 當(dāng)時(shí)的思想家約翰·拉斯金在其散文《論女王的花園》中就說, 理想的婦女和理想的家庭與現(xiàn)實(shí)的原始森林式的生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng)互不相容,婦女的地位不是在社會(huì)上, 而是在家庭中。按照當(dāng)時(shí)流行的說

法, 就是做“家里的天使?！边@就意味著女人必須在家里侍奉丈夫和孩子, 否則就是不合乎“家里的天使”的模式, 也就失去了女人存在的價(jià)值。顯然, “天使”集中概括了一個(gè)男權(quán)主義世界里十分荒謬的婦女觀。這種觀點(diǎn)在十九世紀(jì)十分盛行, 就在這種社會(huì)背景下, 簡(jiǎn)·愛卻大聲宣布“我不是天使, 我就是我自己!”這呼聲既是對(duì)以男子為中心的英國(guó)社會(huì)的公開挑戰(zhàn), 也是為捍衛(wèi)女性人格與尊嚴(yán)的吶喊。若從婦女解放的角度說來,這句鏗鏘有力的話在當(dāng)時(shí)有名么激進(jìn),多么有份量!可以它是打開《簡(jiǎn)愛》的一把鑰匙。

簡(jiǎn)愛從小是一個(gè)無依無靠的孤兒,從小寄養(yǎng)在舅母家。寄養(yǎng)家庭里少爺?shù)膶M, 小姐的傲慢, 夫人的惡意, 仆人的偏見,都令她感到痛苦不堪,從而產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的反抗意識(shí)“不公平!不公平!”這是她的結(jié)論。終于在她被她的表哥打得頭破血

流之際,她發(fā)瘋似的和他對(duì)打,使盡全力狠狠地揍他一拳,并發(fā)泄地叫道:“你這個(gè)男孩真是又惡毒又殘酷!你像個(gè)殺人犯!你像個(gè)虐待奴隸的人!你像羅馬的皇帝!”她甚至敢于對(duì)她殘忍的舅母說: “世界上我最恨的人就是你!”

對(duì)寄養(yǎng)家庭的反抗導(dǎo)致了簡(jiǎn)愛被送進(jìn)勞渥德孤兒院。這是一所以肉體到精神對(duì)孩子們進(jìn)行宗教束縛摧殘的所謂慈善機(jī)構(gòu), 簡(jiǎn)仍是那樣叛逆不馴。她對(duì)好友海倫經(jīng)常受到責(zé)罵和鞭打卻從不抱怨十分蔑視和憤恨。她奉勸海倫說, 如果自己受鞭打, 便要把那根鞭子奪過來, 當(dāng)面把它折斷, 而且“我們應(yīng)該狠狠地回?fù)簟??！昂莺莸鼗負(fù)?”這正是簡(jiǎn)強(qiáng)烈的反抗精神的寫照。簡(jiǎn)以她頑強(qiáng)的生命力熬過了八年窒息刻板的學(xué)校生活, 但她始終念念不忘的是“我向往自由, 我渴望自由”。這都表明了簡(jiǎn)“不與環(huán)境命運(yùn)相妥協(xié), 勇于反抗斗爭(zhēng), 爭(zhēng)取做人的權(quán)利的可貴精神, 而這正是當(dāng)時(shí)廣大婦女覺醒的標(biāo)志。”

女性的獨(dú)立首先在于經(jīng)濟(jì)上的獨(dú)立。在簡(jiǎn)愛生活的年代,結(jié)婚是女子的唯一出路。但在簡(jiǎn)愛的心目中,經(jīng)濟(jì)的獨(dú)立是她人格獨(dú)立的支柱,只有在經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立的基礎(chǔ)上,她才覺得有自己的人格和尊嚴(yán),才覺得自己是個(gè)實(shí)實(shí)在在的人。簡(jiǎn)愛經(jīng)歷了痛苦, 貧窮的童年,但她發(fā)奮努力,終于以超群的才華當(dāng)上了老師,經(jīng)濟(jì)上得以自食其力。她對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)上獨(dú)立自主的要求是強(qiáng)烈的也是貫穿始終的。羅切斯特給她買的昂貴的衣服首飾,都讓她一一推掉。她向羅切斯特表示: “不要任何財(cái)物,只要一顆沒有被大量的恩惠壓倒的心”。她永遠(yuǎn)也受不了“讓羅切斯特先生把我打扮得像一個(gè)玩偶,每天讓金雨淋在我周圍"。她執(zhí)意不放棄家庭教師的工作,而要繼續(xù)作阿黛勒的家庭教師,用這個(gè)掙得我的膳宿費(fèi)和外加的一年的三十磅。在離開桑菲爾德和她所深愛的男人后, 簡(jiǎn)用自己的雙手和辛勤的汗水換來了一份新的生活她承擔(dān)了圣約翰為他介紹的艱苦工作。為窮人服務(wù),做一名鄉(xiāng)村教師。同時(shí),這份工作也給了她很大的精神安慰:她可以自己養(yǎng)活自己,不需要依附任何人!簡(jiǎn)愛在經(jīng)濟(jì)上獨(dú)立的要求, 并沒有使她把金錢作為唯一的目標(biāo)。簡(jiǎn)愛在金錢面前,在叔叔的遺產(chǎn)一夜之間由赤貧變?yōu)楦挥械臅r(shí)候, 她立即就把遺產(chǎn)的大部分轉(zhuǎn)贈(zèng)給她貧窮的表哥表姐。很明顯, 作者努力讓她的女主人公在經(jīng)濟(jì)上獨(dú)立的用心是良苦。我認(rèn)為, 遺產(chǎn)的安排并非象許多評(píng)論者所說的是“畫蛇添足”, 而是恰恰反映了作者已經(jīng)敏銳地看到, 女性的獨(dú)立。

首先在于經(jīng)濟(jì)的獨(dú)立。她清楚地懂得, 如果婦女在經(jīng)濟(jì)上不能獨(dú)立, 那么在政治上、婚姻上就沒有真正的獨(dú)立、平等可言, 這個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)無疑是接近真理的。正如恩格斯所指出的:“只要婦女仍然排除于社會(huì)的生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)之外而只是從事家庭的私人勞動(dòng), 那么婦女的解放, 婦女同男子的平等, 現(xiàn)在和將來都是不可能的?！?/p>

按照維多利亞時(shí)期婦女的行為規(guī)范, 簡(jiǎn)愛有兩大過失:一是向一個(gè)男人(羅切斯特)主動(dòng)表達(dá)自己的愛情;二是拒絕另一個(gè)男人(圣約翰)的求婚。簡(jiǎn)愛與男主人翁羅切斯特的愛情波折,使她的個(gè)性得到了充分的體現(xiàn)。當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)愛發(fā)現(xiàn)自己愛上羅切斯特的時(shí)候, 她很清楚地意識(shí)到橫亙?cè)谒麄冎g的巨大的鴻溝: 羅切斯特出身名門,是上流社會(huì)的紳士;她出身卑微,不名一文,只是一個(gè)地位與傭人差不多的家庭教師。然而,她并沒有因此氣餒,或者自我貶低,而是勇敢地向自己!向羅切斯特承認(rèn)自己的感情。在一場(chǎng)社會(huì)地位如此懸殊的愛情當(dāng)中,表現(xiàn)得不卑不亢。她認(rèn)為人在精神上都是平等的,這無疑是在等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的階級(jí)社會(huì)向社會(huì)偏見的大膽挑戰(zhàn)。“要是上帝賜予我一點(diǎn)美貌和一點(diǎn)財(cái)富,我就要讓你感到難以離開我,就像我現(xiàn)在難以離開你一樣。”在英國(guó)小說史上,簡(jiǎn)是第一位女主人翁,為強(qiáng)烈的感情所驅(qū)使,主動(dòng)地向她愛慕的男主人翁表達(dá)愛意,而又如此率真感人!當(dāng)她為自己不能與羅切斯特結(jié)合卻仍被留在莊園而感到屈辱時(shí), 她憤然說道: “你認(rèn)為,因?yàn)槲腋F!低微!不美!矮小,我就沒有靈魂沒有心嗎?你錯(cuò)了!我的靈魂跟你一樣,我的心也和你一樣,我們站在上帝腳跟前,是平等的!” 這番有力的自白表明了簡(jiǎn)一貫遵循的神圣原則一一自重、自尊、自愛。

由于羅切斯特瘋妻的存在使他們無法結(jié)成夫妻, 于是羅切斯特就決定帶簡(jiǎn)到遙遠(yuǎn)的地方一起生活, 但簡(jiǎn)認(rèn)為自己無異于當(dāng)一名情婦, 她對(duì)自己說:“我關(guān)心自己, 我越是孤獨(dú), 越是沒有朋友, 越是沒有支持, 我越尊重自己”。她勇敢地面對(duì)厄運(yùn)的挑戰(zhàn), 作出了離開羅切斯特這一痛苦而又堅(jiān)決的抉擇。這正是她把愛情與人的真正價(jià)值緊緊連在一起, 從而使愛情升華到了更高的境界。她的出走, 不僅完滿地表現(xiàn)了她的性格, 她的執(zhí)著追求, 而且是對(duì)世俗觀念的大膽蔑視。因此, 她的離去, 不是逃避現(xiàn)實(shí), 而是在更高層次上的選擇, 是在爭(zhēng)取一個(gè)普通女子應(yīng)有的社會(huì)地位的道路上往前邁了一步。

簡(jiǎn)愛在離開莊園后,流浪荒郊,幸好被牧師圣約翰收留。在圣約翰與簡(jiǎn)的交往中, 他發(fā)現(xiàn)了簡(jiǎn)的性格中閃出的不平凡的光彩: 她直爽, 單純, 富有激情,特別是她的能吃苦耐勞和有毅力這一點(diǎn), 圣約翰認(rèn)為是適合作一個(gè)傳教士的妻子的有利條件,所以他向她求婚。但他對(duì)簡(jiǎn)的求婚不是出于愛情,而是上帝的旨意。簡(jiǎn)雖然佩服圣約翰的獻(xiàn)身精神,但他們的愛情觀有著截然不同的分歧。她認(rèn)為圣約翰向她求婚,不是因?yàn)閻鬯?只是要在他在印度的辛苦工作中有一個(gè)合適的同事。她一再堅(jiān)持在愛情婚姻上應(yīng)該是平等的,應(yīng)該以愛情為基礎(chǔ)而結(jié)合,而不應(yīng)該把妻子當(dāng)作傳教士的一件有用工具。她對(duì)圣約翰說: “我鄙視你的愛情觀念!我瞧不

起你奉獻(xiàn)的這種不真實(shí)的感情!是的,圣約翰,你把它奉獻(xiàn)出來的時(shí)候,我鄙視你!

不以愛情為基礎(chǔ)的婚姻也是不平等的!”

圣約翰對(duì)簡(jiǎn)的求婚,實(shí)際上是在宗教的名義下的男權(quán)社會(huì)對(duì)女性的招安, 本質(zhì)上仍然是把女性當(dāng)作工具,當(dāng)作附庸,當(dāng)然被簡(jiǎn)愛所拒絕。

簡(jiǎn)愛的女性意識(shí)對(duì)現(xiàn)代女性的啟示

平凡的簡(jiǎn)·愛雖然相貌普通，出身卑微，然而卻擁有一顆金子般善良的心。羅素曾說過：“在一切道德品質(zhì)之中，善良的本性在世界上是最需要的?！鄙屏既缈諝猓瑳]了它，我們的生活無法想象。簡(jiǎn)·愛的善良除了我們理解的同情心外，更有著超越于普通人之上的無私與寬恕。

在簡(jiǎn)·愛舅媽里德太太臨終時(shí)，她陪在身邊的那一幕感動(dòng)了無數(shù)讀者。從小

說中，我們看到里德太太簡(jiǎn)直就是簡(jiǎn)·愛苦難的源頭，隨著收留她，疼愛她的舅舅里德先生的去世，冷酷無情，虛偽自私的里德太太把簡(jiǎn)·愛當(dāng)作傭人一樣對(duì)待，將她視為眼中釘，肉中刺，處處刁難，對(duì)這個(gè)失去雙親的可憐孩子，不但不給予同情與關(guān)愛，反而處處苛責(zé)，縱容自己的孩子欺負(fù)。更可恨的是，她把簡(jiǎn)·愛送進(jìn)了標(biāo)榜懲罰肉體以拯救靈魂的人間地獄般的慈善學(xué)校里，并且在前來接簡(jiǎn)·愛的布魯赫爾斯先生面前撒謊怒斥簡(jiǎn)愛是一個(gè)撒謊而討厭的女孩子?？墒牵褪沁@樣一個(gè)深深傷害過自己的人，簡(jiǎn)·愛原諒了。

當(dāng)這位曾虐待過自己的舅媽臨終時(shí)，在沒人在身邊的情況下，她去探望了她，并對(duì)她所受的巨大的痛苦產(chǎn)生了憐憫之情，她彎下腰吻了吻她，深情地叫了一聲 “舅媽，親愛的舅媽”并妥善安排了她的后事。簡(jiǎn)·愛在此的表現(xiàn)，讓每一位讀者都看到了什么是寬容，什么是善良。馬克·吐溫曾說過：“紫羅蘭把它的香氣留

在那踩扁了它的腳踝上。這就是寬恕?！?/p>

每個(gè)人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤，都會(huì)有意無意傷害別人，也會(huì)被別人傷害，如果執(zhí)著于這些傷害，只會(huì)讓自己更痛，在短暫的人生旅途中，也許寬容可以讓我們活得更好。寄人籬下，任人驅(qū)使的悲慘童年，飽嘗了人情冷酷，世態(tài)炎涼的滋味，并沒有使簡(jiǎn)·愛變成一個(gè)冷酷麻木的女孩，相反，她用一顆善良博大的愛心關(guān)愛著身 邊的人。簡(jiǎn)·愛這樣一個(gè)平凡而圣潔的女子告訴21 世紀(jì)的女性們不僅要愛自己，還要去愛家人，愛朋友，愛身邊需要幫助的人，甚至是曾經(jīng)傷害自己的人。只有在點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴的生活中無私的給予，在世俗怨恨中心胸曠達(dá)而付出真愛，才稱得上 是一個(gè)具有高貴品格的形象。

簡(jiǎn)·愛悲慘的成長(zhǎng)歷程讓她早早明白，只有自己才能保護(hù)自己，維護(hù)自己的 尊嚴(yán)。她寧可承受孤獨(dú)，也不愿低三下

四、無視人格地去乞求廉價(jià)的憐憫和同情。當(dāng)仆人告訴她稱呼表哥主人時(shí)，她勇敢地反問道“: 他怎么是我的主人? 我又不是仆人!”無論是舅母的虐待還是學(xué)監(jiān)的侮辱，無論心靈受到多大的挫傷，她都自尊自愛，像保護(hù)生命一樣保護(hù)自己的人格。

在做羅切斯特養(yǎng)女阿黛勒的家庭教師時(shí)，她雖只是一個(gè)出身微賤的小姑娘，本應(yīng)是很容易低聲下氣，乞求憐憫的。但簡(jiǎn)·愛卻不。在簡(jiǎn)·愛與男主人公羅切斯特第一次有關(guān)禮物的談話中，羅借養(yǎng)女阿黛勒要禮物的茬口，試探簡(jiǎn)·愛對(duì)他人的施舍和恩賜的態(tài)度：是否期望別人的禮物？ 簡(jiǎn)·愛實(shí)實(shí)在在地答到“: 我說不上來，先生，我對(duì)這些東西沒有什么經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般認(rèn)為是討人喜歡的。”羅譏諷

道“: 愛小姐，你不像阿黛勒那么單純，她一見到我就嚷著要‘禮物’，而你卻轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角?！焙?jiǎn)不露聲色說“: 因?yàn)槲覍?duì)自己是否配得禮物，不像阿黛勒那么有信心”羅再次為難道“: 啊，別以過分謙虛來搪塞!”簡(jiǎn)不卑不亢說到“先生，你已經(jīng)給了我‘禮物’，我很感謝你，贊揚(yáng)學(xué)生的進(jìn)步，是教師們最向往的酬勞?！?在談話中，她既不忘家庭教師的身份，又充分表現(xiàn)出作為一個(gè)平等個(gè)人的自信和自尊?！?/p>

簡(jiǎn)·愛的自尊自愛還表現(xiàn)在當(dāng)她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己愛的人有妻子時(shí)，選擇了離開。羅切斯特和簡(jiǎn)·愛相愛后，歡天喜地到教堂準(zhǔn)備結(jié)婚時(shí)，得知羅切斯特早已結(jié)婚和 閣樓上藏瘋妻的秘密。這一消息使簡(jiǎn)·愛傷心欲絕，一時(shí)不知如何是好。來之不易的幸福瞬間就要消失了，是去還是留？雖然她深愛著羅切斯特，但她不愿違背道德準(zhǔn)則，不愿失去做人的尊嚴(yán)去做羅切斯特的情人。她告訴羅切斯特：“先生，你的妻子還活著，這是早上你自己承認(rèn)的事實(shí)。要是按你的希望同你一起生活，我豈不成了你的情婦。別的說法都是詭辯———是欺騙?！彼芙^了這份不道德的

婚姻，以非凡的自制力，克制了對(duì)羅切斯特強(qiáng)烈的愛，毅然離開了莊園。這使我們感受到簡(jiǎn)·愛獨(dú)立人格中包涵的平等、自尊的進(jìn)步愛情觀以及她的獨(dú)立人格的鋒芒和魅力。

情是人們生活中不可缺少的組成部分。對(duì)于讀者來說，愛情主題是一個(gè)最富有人情味、最能引起感情共鳴的主題；對(duì)創(chuàng)作者來說，愛情主題是最能展示作者人性力量的主題。簡(jiǎn)·愛的愛情讓讀者感到一股強(qiáng)大的、熱情優(yōu)美的、震撼人心的情感力量，讓讀者真切地體會(huì)到她的感情歷程，讀懂了她對(duì)愛情與女性獨(dú)立的詮釋，也讓讀者為她在情感與理智徘徊中作出令人振奮的抉擇而喝彩。

簡(jiǎn)·愛的感情觀中主要的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是平等的愛情。羅切斯特雖專橫傲慢，但感情真摯強(qiáng)烈，經(jīng)過驕傲和感情之間長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的斗爭(zhēng)，被簡(jiǎn)·愛的人格魅力所吸引，深深地愛上了她。簡(jiǎn)·愛知道這種愛情在當(dāng)時(shí)注重階級(jí)的社會(huì)是不可能的，在她以為羅切斯特要與貴族小姐結(jié)婚時(shí)，她選擇離去，而羅切斯特卻要求她留下來，這也激發(fā)了簡(jiǎn)愛的表白。“你以為，因?yàn)槲邑毟F，不美，矮小，我就沒有靈魂，沒有心嗎？你錯(cuò)了，我的心靈跟你一樣豐富，我的心胸跟你一樣充實(shí)！要是上帝賜

予我一點(diǎn)姿色和充足的財(cái)富，我也會(huì)讓你感到難以離開我，就像我現(xiàn)在難以離 開你一樣。上帝沒有這樣，可我們的精神是同等的，就如同你跟我經(jīng)過墳?zāi)梗瑢⑼瑯拥卣驹谏系勖媲?。因?yàn)槲覀兪瞧降鹊?”這段愛情表白，道出了簡(jiǎn)·愛內(nèi)心要求人格平等的呼聲, 充分表現(xiàn)了她反對(duì)以金錢地位為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的庸俗愛情觀，鄙視資

產(chǎn)階級(jí)的門第觀念，以大膽的叛逆精神向羅切斯特告白。

其次，在簡(jiǎn)愛尋求的愛情里，二人在經(jīng)濟(jì)上應(yīng)該是獨(dú)立的，而不是依附性的。經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)決定著上層建筑。這一惟物主義理論不僅僅適合階級(jí)范疇，也對(duì)男女的社會(huì)關(guān)系作出了相適應(yīng)的解釋。女性要獨(dú)立，首先要爭(zhēng)取經(jīng)濟(jì)上的獨(dú)立，拋開對(duì)男性的物質(zhì)依賴。所謂“靠誠(chéng)實(shí)的勞動(dòng)掙得的面包，比不勞而獲的面包更香甜。”在她打算嫁給羅切斯特時(shí)，她的想法就是：不愿依附于對(duì)方，而愿通過自己的努力為他帶來更多的財(cái)產(chǎn)。她拒不接收羅切斯特送給她的鉆石戒指、項(xiàng)鏈和手鐲等奢侈禮品。當(dāng)羅切斯特要她立刻放棄家庭教師的工作時(shí),她拒不認(rèn)同，而是繼續(xù)履行家庭教師的職責(zé)，她要以自食其力的勞動(dòng)來保持個(gè)人的人格尊嚴(yán)，也維護(hù)了自己純潔高尚的愛情。也正因?yàn)檫@樣，簡(jiǎn)·愛才能理直氣壯地說：“我不是根據(jù)習(xí)俗，常規(guī)，甚至也不是以血肉之軀同你說話，而是我的靈魂同你的靈魂在對(duì)話，就仿佛我們兩個(gè)穿過墳?zāi)?，站在上帝腳下，彼此平等———本來就如此?！?/p>

簡(jiǎn)·愛的婚姻觀首先表現(xiàn)在她發(fā)現(xiàn)羅切斯特已經(jīng)有妻子后，選擇理智地離開。盡管她非常愛羅切斯特，但她知道如果與羅切斯特生活在一起，她將失去尊嚴(yán)，因?yàn)樗牧粝轮粫?huì)使她成為一名情婦。她要的不是這樣不純凈的愛情和婚姻。她憑著堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的毅力，痛苦而堅(jiān)定地離開了他，去獨(dú)自謀生。至此，可以看到簡(jiǎn)· 愛追求自由、平等的婚姻。

反映簡(jiǎn)·愛婚姻觀的另一個(gè)例子還體現(xiàn)在她拒絕表哥圣約翰的求婚中。離 開桑費(fèi)爾德莊園后，簡(jiǎn)·愛歷盡艱辛，最后被里佛斯兄妹收留。兄妹中的哥哥圣 約翰是一個(gè)虔誠(chéng)的傳教士，在他打算去印度傳教時(shí)，他多次向簡(jiǎn)·愛求婚，但卻 不是出于愛情，而是他賞識(shí)簡(jiǎn)·愛的才華和毅力，在他心中婚姻只不過是為自己 取得一位幫手的工具。面對(duì)他的求婚，簡(jiǎn)·愛有過掙扎，但她明白，如果她和圣 約翰在一起就等于拋棄了一半自我，過一種完全克制自己受人支配而且沒有真 正愛情的虛偽婚姻的生活。盡管她非常贊賞他獻(xiàn)身宗教的精神，感激他對(duì)她的 賞識(shí)，她還是拒絕與圣約翰締結(jié)沒有愛情的婚姻。第二天，她在愛的呼喚下，告 別了圣約翰家，重返桑費(fèi)爾德，她要到那兒去尋找自己真正的愛情與歸宿。在羅 切斯特莊園被燒，眼瞎臂斷時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)·愛毅然選擇了自己的愛情，待在自己深愛的 人身邊，不離不棄，奉獻(xiàn)給災(zāi)難中幾乎絕望的羅切斯特以真誠(chéng)的愛。她用自己的 行為表明了自己的愛情觀，那就是平等自主，真誠(chéng)奉獻(xiàn)。

女作家精心塑造了一個(gè)平凡而又很不尋常的家庭女教帥形象，歌頌了把兩顆靈魂平等結(jié)合在一起的愛情，同時(shí)也歌頌了敢于和男權(quán)社會(huì)頑強(qiáng)斗爭(zhēng)的婦女，把維護(hù)女性的人格尊嚴(yán)看得高于一切。從表層意義上說，《簡(jiǎn)愛》的愛情故事是平民女作家站在進(jìn)步的立場(chǎng)上，對(duì)于當(dāng)時(shí)盛行的以金錢、門第、美貌作為交換條件的買賣婚姻的否定。可是從深層內(nèi)涵看，簡(jiǎn)愛與羅切斯特的愛情故事中，深藏于其中的意義，是令人震撼的開始覺醒的。19 世紀(jì)西方婦女強(qiáng)烈的女性意識(shí)，千百年來柔弱可憐、因沒有人格的獨(dú)立而尋求男性保護(hù)的女性，在女作家建構(gòu)的世界里，挺立起來了，她獲得了雄偉剛強(qiáng)的力量，不僅得到了精神上的獨(dú)立自主，更實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)上的自主。簡(jiǎn)愛這一形象變得高大而不同凡響，她閃現(xiàn)出的強(qiáng)烈的女性意識(shí)象暗夜中的火把，為廣大婦女點(diǎn)燃了希望之光。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]李立新，簡(jiǎn)析西方生態(tài)女性主義思潮[J].人文2009(1):127—128.[2]李濤，新歷史主義與夏洛蒂?勃朗特的小說研究[J].外語與外語教學(xué)2007(3):48—51.[3]苗福光，歐美生態(tài)女權(quán)主義述評(píng)[J].學(xué)術(shù)論壇2005(10):181—184.[4] 王文惠，簡(jiǎn)?愛性格的另一面——以女權(quán)主義批評(píng)解讀夏洛蒂?勃朗特的《簡(jiǎn)?愛》[J].哈爾濱學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)2003(2):64—66.[5] 王文惠，《簡(jiǎn)?愛》男主人公羅切斯特讀解[J].齊齊哈爾大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)2004(11):86—88.[6] 王文惠，從被壓迫者到壓迫者——論《簡(jiǎn)?愛》男主人公羅切斯特兼及相關(guān)問題[J].海南師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)2005(6):99—101.[7]王文惠，月亮與火的宗教意象之美——讀夏洛蒂?勃朗特之《簡(jiǎn)?愛》[J].哈爾濱學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)2005(3):89—92.

第五篇：淺論《簡(jiǎn)愛》中體現(xiàn)的女性覺醒意識(shí)

淺論《簡(jiǎn)愛》中體現(xiàn)的女性覺醒意識(shí)

所謂女性意識(shí)，就是指女性對(duì)自身作為人，尤其是女人的價(jià)值的體驗(yàn)和醒悟，對(duì)于男權(quán)社會(huì)，其表現(xiàn)為拒絕接受男性社會(huì)對(duì)女性的傳統(tǒng)定義，以及對(duì)男性權(quán)力的質(zhì)疑和顛覆，同時(shí)又表現(xiàn)為關(guān)注女性的生存狀況，審視女性心理情感和表達(dá)女性生命體驗(yàn)。具體地說：“女性意識(shí)”指女性的自我意識(shí)，它不僅要求掙脫封建婚姻制和封建禮教的桔桎，實(shí)現(xiàn)婚姻自由和個(gè)性解放，而且還有更高層次的要求，那就是婦女價(jià)值的發(fā)掘與自我肯定?！笨偟膩碚f，19世紀(jì)的英國(guó)是：“女性小說的時(shí)代”。

批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《簡(jiǎn)愛》以其鮮明的女性主義主題，創(chuàng)作出超越時(shí)代的女主人公簡(jiǎn)愛。她既不是“家里的天使”也不是“理想的淑女”，她的桀驁與叛逆顯然和時(shí)代的主流意識(shí)格格不入，卻因勇敢的挑戰(zhàn)男權(quán)控制下的既定秩序，追求女性的獨(dú)立、平等成為女性文學(xué)不朽的經(jīng)典人物形象。

一、女性意識(shí)在簡(jiǎn)愛中的體現(xiàn)

在夏洛特生活的時(shí)代，婦女是男人的附屬物。她們社會(huì)地位低，被歧視。但是簡(jiǎn)——一個(gè)沒有社會(huì)地位的孤兒——被描繪成一個(gè)具有非凡的性格和堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志的新型婦女。這使得這本小說完全不同于其他以才子佳人為理想的刻畫對(duì)象的當(dāng)代作品。當(dāng)時(shí)的思想家約翰·拉斯金在其散文《論女王的花園》中就說，理想的婦女和理想的家庭與現(xiàn)實(shí)的原始森林式的生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng)互不相容，婦女的地位不是在社會(huì)上，而是在家庭中。按照當(dāng)時(shí)流行的說法，就是做“家里的天使”。這就意味著女人必須在家里侍奉丈夫和孩子，否則就是不合乎“家里的天使”的模式，也就失去了女人存在的價(jià)值。顯然，“天使”集中概括了一個(gè)男權(quán)主義世界里十分荒謬的婦女觀。這種觀點(diǎn)在十九世紀(jì)十分盛行，就在這種社會(huì)背景下，簡(jiǎn)愛卻大聲宣布“我不是天使，我就是我自己！”這呼聲既是對(duì)以男子為中心的英國(guó)社會(huì)的公開挑戰(zhàn)，也是為捍衛(wèi)女性人格與尊嚴(yán)的吶喊。若從婦女解放的角度說來，這句鏗鏘有力的話在當(dāng)時(shí)有多么激進(jìn)，多么有份量！可以說它是打開《簡(jiǎn)愛》的一把鑰匙。

（一）簡(jiǎn)愛的反抗意識(shí) 簡(jiǎn)愛從小是一個(gè)無依無靠的孤兒。從小寄養(yǎng)在舅母家。寄養(yǎng)家庭里少爺?shù)膶M，小姐的傲慢，夫人的惡意，仆人的偏見，都令她感到痛苦不堪，從而產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的反抗意識(shí)“不公平！不公平！”這是她的結(jié)論。終于在她被她的表哥打的頭破血流之際，她發(fā)瘋似地和他對(duì)打，使盡全力狠狠地揍他一拳，并發(fā)泄的叫道：“你這個(gè)狠毒的壞孩子！你簡(jiǎn)直像個(gè)殺人犯??你是個(gè)管奴隸的監(jiān)工??.你像那般羅馬暴君！”她甚至敢于對(duì)她殘忍的舅媽說：“世界上我最恨得人就是你”!①

對(duì)寄養(yǎng)家庭的反抗導(dǎo)致了簡(jiǎn)愛被送進(jìn)勞沃德孤兒院。這是一所從肉體到精神對(duì)孩子們進(jìn)行宗教束縛摧殘的所謂慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，簡(jiǎn)愛仍是那樣叛逆不馴。她對(duì)好友海倫經(jīng)常受到責(zé)罵和鞭打卻從不抱怨的行為感到氣憤，因此她十分蔑視和憤恨那些虛假的人。她奉勸海倫說，如果自己受鞭打，便要把那根鞭子奪過來，當(dāng)面把它折斷，而且“我們應(yīng)該狠狠的回?fù)?，狠狠的回?fù)?！”這正是簡(jiǎn)愛強(qiáng)烈的反抗精神的寫照。

（二）經(jīng)濟(jì)上的獨(dú)立意識(shí)

女性的獨(dú)立首先在于經(jīng)濟(jì)上的獨(dú)立，在簡(jiǎn)愛生活的年代，結(jié)婚是女子唯一的出路。但在簡(jiǎn)愛的心目中，經(jīng)濟(jì)的獨(dú)立是她人格獨(dú)立的支柱，只有在經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立的基礎(chǔ)上，她才覺得有自己的人格和尊嚴(yán)，才覺得自己是個(gè)實(shí)實(shí)在在的人。簡(jiǎn)愛經(jīng)歷了痛苦貧窮的童年，但她發(fā)奮努力，終于以超群的才華當(dāng)上了老師，經(jīng)濟(jì)上得以自食其力。她對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)上獨(dú)立自主的要求是強(qiáng)烈的也是貫穿始終的。羅切斯特給她買的昂貴的衣服首飾，都讓她一一推掉，她向羅切斯特表示：“不要任何財(cái)物，只要一顆沒有被大量的恩惠壓倒的心。我永遠(yuǎn)也受不了讓羅切斯特先生把我打扮的像一個(gè)玩偶，每天讓金雨淋在我周圍。”她執(zhí)意不放棄家庭教師的工作，而要繼續(xù)做阿黛勒的家庭教師，用家庭教師這個(gè)職業(yè)掙得她的膳宿費(fèi)和外加的一年的三十磅。在離開桑菲爾德和她所深愛的男人后，簡(jiǎn)用自己的雙手和辛勤的汗水換來了一份新的生活，她承擔(dān)了圣約翰為她介紹的艱苦工作。為窮人服務(wù)，做一名鄉(xiāng)村教師。同時(shí)，這份工作也給了她很大的精神安慰：她可以自己養(yǎng)活自己，不需要依附任何人。

簡(jiǎn)愛在經(jīng)濟(jì)上獨(dú)立的要求，并沒有使她把金錢作為唯一的目標(biāo)，簡(jiǎn)愛在金錢面前，在叔叔的遺產(chǎn)一夜之間由赤貧變?yōu)楦挥械臅r(shí)候，她立即就把遺產(chǎn)的大部分

②轉(zhuǎn)贈(zèng)給她貧窮的表哥表姐。很明顯，作者努力讓她的女主人公在經(jīng)濟(jì)上的獨(dú)立是用心良苦。我認(rèn)為，遺產(chǎn)的安排并非像許多評(píng)論者所說的是“畫蛇添足”，而是恰恰反映了作者已經(jīng)敏銳的看到，女性的獨(dú)立 首先在于經(jīng)濟(jì)的獨(dú)立，她清楚的懂得，如果婦女在經(jīng)濟(jì)上不能獨(dú)立，那么在政治上、婚姻上就沒有真正的獨(dú)立、平等可言，這個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)無疑是接近真理的。正如恩格斯指出的：“只要婦女仍然排除于社會(huì)的生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)之外而只是從事家庭的私人勞動(dòng)，那么婦女的解放，婦女同男子的平等，現(xiàn)在和將來都是不可能的。”③

（三）簡(jiǎn)對(duì)待婚姻的態(tài)度

按照維多利亞時(shí)期婦女的行為規(guī)范，簡(jiǎn)愛有兩大過失：一是向一個(gè)男人（羅切斯特）主動(dòng)表達(dá)自己的愛情；二是拒絕另一個(gè)男人（圣約翰）的求婚。簡(jiǎn)愛與男主人公羅切斯特的愛情波折，使她的個(gè)性得到了充分的體現(xiàn)。當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)愛發(fā)現(xiàn)自己愛上羅切斯特的時(shí)候，在地位如此懸殊的情況下，她卻敢于去愛，因?yàn)樗龍?jiān)信人在精神上都是平等的，一個(gè)窮教師斗膽愛上了一個(gè)上流人物，在當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的社會(huì)觀念看來，無異于乞丐奢望國(guó)王的愛情。所以這本身就是向社會(huì)及偏見的大膽挑戰(zhàn)，惟其如此，它也就意味著遭受嘲笑和侮辱。只有簡(jiǎn)愛這樣并不把權(quán)貴放在心上的人，才能夠去坦坦蕩蕩的去愛。

由于羅切斯特瘋妻的存在使他們無法成為夫妻，于是羅切斯特就決定帶簡(jiǎn)愛到遙遠(yuǎn)的地方一起生活，但簡(jiǎn)認(rèn)為自己無異于一名情婦，她對(duì)自己說：“我關(guān)心自己，我越是孤獨(dú)，越是沒有朋友，越是沒有支持，我越尊重自己”。④她勇敢的面對(duì)厄運(yùn)的挑戰(zhàn)，作出了離開羅切斯特這一痛苦而又堅(jiān)決的抉擇，這正是她把愛情與人的真正價(jià)值緊緊連在一起，從而使愛情升華到了更高的境界。她的出走，不僅完滿的表現(xiàn)了她的性格，她的執(zhí)著追求，而且是對(duì)世俗觀念的大膽蔑視。因此，她的離去，不是逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)，而是在更高層次上的選擇，是在爭(zhēng)取一個(gè)普通女子應(yīng)有的社會(huì)地位的道路上往前邁了一步。

簡(jiǎn)愛離開莊園后，遇見并拒絕圣約翰的求婚，說：“我鄙視你的愛情觀念！我瞧不起你奉獻(xiàn)的這種不真實(shí)的感情！是的，圣約翰，你把它奉獻(xiàn)出來的時(shí)候，我鄙視你！”不以愛情為基礎(chǔ)的婚姻也是不平等的！圣約翰對(duì)簡(jiǎn)的求婚，實(shí)際⑤上是在宗教的名義下的男權(quán)社會(huì)對(duì)女性的招安。本質(zhì)上仍然是把女性當(dāng)做工具，當(dāng)做附庸，這當(dāng)然被簡(jiǎn)愛所拒絕。

二、簡(jiǎn)愛的女性意識(shí)對(duì)現(xiàn)代女性的啟示

平凡的簡(jiǎn)愛雖然相貌普通，出身卑微，然而卻擁有一顆金子般善良的心。羅素曾說過“在一切道德品質(zhì)之中，善良的本性在世界上是最需要的?！鄙屏既缈諝?，沒了它，我們的生活無法想象。簡(jiǎn)愛的善良除了我們理解的同情心外，更有著超越于普通人之上的無私與寬恕。

（一）寬容

在簡(jiǎn)愛舅媽里德太太臨終前，她陪在身邊的那一幕感動(dòng)了無數(shù)讀者。從小說中，我們看到里德太太簡(jiǎn)直就是簡(jiǎn)愛苦難的源頭，隨著收留她，疼愛她的舅舅里德先生的去世，冷酷無情，虛偽自私的里德太太把簡(jiǎn)愛當(dāng)做傭人一樣對(duì)待，將她視為眼中釘，肉中刺，處處刁難，對(duì)這個(gè)失去雙親的可憐孩子，不但不給予同情與關(guān)愛，反而處處苛責(zé)，縱容自己的孩子欺負(fù)。更可恨的是，她把簡(jiǎn)愛送進(jìn)了標(biāo)榜懲罰肉體以拯救靈魂的人間地獄般的慈善學(xué)校里，并且在前來接簡(jiǎn)愛的布魯赫爾斯先生面前撒謊怒斥簡(jiǎn)愛是一個(gè)撒謊而討厭的女孩子?？墒牵褪沁@樣一個(gè)深深傷害自己的人，簡(jiǎn)愛原諒了。

當(dāng)這位曾虐待過自己的舅媽臨終時(shí)，在沒人在身邊的情況下，她去探望了她，并對(duì)她所受的巨大的痛苦產(chǎn)生了憐憫之情，她彎下腰吻了吻她，深情的叫了一聲“舅媽，親愛的舅媽”并妥善的安排了她的后事。簡(jiǎn)愛在此的表現(xiàn)，讓每一位讀者看到什么是寬容，什么是善良。馬克·吐溫曾說過：“紫羅蘭把它的香氣留在那踩扁了它的腳踝上，這就是寬恕”。⑥

每個(gè)人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤，都會(huì)有意無意傷害別人，也會(huì)被別人傷害，如果執(zhí)著于這些傷害，只會(huì)讓自己更痛，在短暫的人生旅途中，也許寬容可以讓我們活得更好。寄人籬下，任人驅(qū)使的悲慘童年，飽嘗了人情冷酷，世態(tài)炎涼的滋味，并沒有使簡(jiǎn)愛變成一個(gè)冷酷麻木的女孩，相反，她用一顆善良博大的愛心關(guān)愛著身邊的人。簡(jiǎn)愛這樣一個(gè)平凡而圣潔的女子告訴21世紀(jì)的女性們不僅要愛自己，還要去愛家人，愛朋友，愛身邊需要幫助的人，甚至是曾經(jīng)傷害自己的人。只有在點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴的生活中無私的給予，在世俗怨恨中心胸曠達(dá)而付出真愛，才稱得上是一個(gè)具有高貴品格的形象。

（二）獨(dú)立

在簡(jiǎn)愛尋求的愛情里，二人在經(jīng)濟(jì)上應(yīng)該是獨(dú)立的，而不是依附的。經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)決定著上層建筑。這一唯物主義理論不僅僅適合階級(jí)范疇，也對(duì)男女的社會(huì)關(guān)系作出了相適應(yīng)的解釋。女性要獨(dú)立，首先要爭(zhēng)取經(jīng)濟(jì)上的獨(dú)立，撇開對(duì)男性物質(zhì)上的依賴。所謂“靠誠(chéng)實(shí)的勞動(dòng)掙得的面包，比不勞而獲的面包更香甜?！痹谒蛩慵藿o羅切斯特時(shí)，她的想法就是：不愿依附于對(duì)方，而愿通過自己的努力為他帶來更多的財(cái)產(chǎn)。她拒不接受羅切斯特送給她的鉆石戒指、項(xiàng)鏈和手鐲等奢侈物品。當(dāng)羅切斯特要她立刻放棄家庭教師的工作時(shí)，她據(jù)不認(rèn)同，而是繼續(xù)履行家庭教師的職責(zé)，她要以自食其力的勞動(dòng)來保持個(gè)人的人格尊嚴(yán)，也維護(hù)了自己純潔高尚的愛情。也正因?yàn)檫@樣，簡(jiǎn)愛才理直氣壯的說：“我不是根據(jù)習(xí)俗、常規(guī)、甚至也不是以血肉之軀同你說話，而是我的靈魂同你的靈魂在對(duì)話，就仿佛我們兩個(gè)穿過墳?zāi)?，站在上帝腳下，是彼此平等的”。⑦

（三）尊嚴(yán)

簡(jiǎn)愛悲慘的成長(zhǎng)歷程讓她早早明白，只有自己才能保護(hù)自己，維護(hù)自己的尊嚴(yán)，她寧可承受孤獨(dú)，也不愿低三下

四、無視人格的去祈求廉價(jià)的憐憫和同情。當(dāng)仆人告訴她稱呼表哥主人時(shí)，她勇敢的反問道：“他怎么是我的主人？我又不是仆人！”⑧無論是舅母的虐待還是別人的侮辱，無論心靈受到多大的創(chuàng)傷，她都自尊自愛，像保護(hù)生命一樣保護(hù)自己的人格。

為了尊嚴(yán)她拋棄了愛情，簡(jiǎn)愛勇敢的跨出了桑菲爾德的大門。沖破了世俗的樊籠，令人敬佩。在一個(gè)多世紀(jì)前，對(duì)于沒有什么社會(huì)地位和金錢的女子，做出這樣的選擇無疑是驚世駭俗的。而這也正是簡(jiǎn)愛獨(dú)特的個(gè)性決定的。面對(duì)著忍辱偷生還是個(gè)人的尊嚴(yán)時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)愛毫不猶豫的選擇了后者。經(jīng)過一夜的思考，簡(jiǎn)愛毅然離開。她知道，再也不會(huì)有這樣的一個(gè)人愛她了。簡(jiǎn)愛每吐的一個(gè)字都像重拳一樣敲打著我的心，這就是要求平等的呼聲。女作家精心塑造了一個(gè)平凡而又很不尋常的家庭女教師的形象，歌頌了把兩顆靈魂平等結(jié)合在一起的愛情，同時(shí)也歌頌了敢于和男權(quán)社會(huì)頑強(qiáng)斗爭(zhēng)的婦女，把維護(hù)女性的人格尊嚴(yán)看得高于一切。小說光明的結(jié)局告訴我們，人在追求愛情的過程中，也要有自由、尊嚴(yán)、平等。在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，要將人的愛情觀等于尊嚴(yán)加平等這道公式上。付之實(shí)現(xiàn)往往離不開金錢的幫助，人們都瘋狂的為了金錢和地位而淹沒愛情，在窮和富之間選擇富，在愛與不愛之間選擇不愛，很少有人會(huì)像簡(jiǎn)愛一樣，為了愛情和人格拋棄所有。簡(jiǎn)愛展示給我們的是一種返璞歸真化繁為簡(jiǎn)的感覺，是一種不計(jì)較得失的簡(jiǎn)化感情的簡(jiǎn)。它猶如一杯白開水，凈化讀者的心靈，同時(shí)引起讀者特別是女性讀者的共鳴。簡(jiǎn)愛這一形象變得高大而不同凡響，她閃現(xiàn)出的強(qiáng)烈的女性意識(shí)像暗夜中的火把，為廣大婦女點(diǎn)燃了希望之光。

注 釋

《簡(jiǎn)愛》 作者：夏洛蒂·勃朗特

譯者：程永然 責(zé)任編輯：子龍

出版發(fā)行：中國(guó)致公出版社

版次：2004年10月第2版 2004年10月北京第1次印刷 ①《簡(jiǎn)愛》第一章第5頁第19行 ②《簡(jiǎn)愛》第二十三章268頁第9行 ③恩格斯《家庭、私有制和國(guó)家的起源》 ④《簡(jiǎn)愛》第二十六章第319頁第1行 ⑤《簡(jiǎn)愛》第三十三章第419頁第7行 ⑥出自馬克·吐溫的名言名句

⑦《簡(jiǎn)愛》第二十二章第249頁第8行 ⑧《簡(jiǎn)愛》第二章第6頁第11行

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1]李立新，簡(jiǎn)析西方生態(tài)女性主義思潮{J}。人文2009,《1》：127-122，[2]李濤，新歷史主義與夏洛蒂，勃朗特的小說研究{J}。外語與外 語教學(xué)2007《3》：48-51 [3]苗福光，歐美生態(tài)女權(quán)主義述評(píng){J}。學(xué)術(shù)論壇2005《10》：181-184

致 謝

在本次論文設(shè)計(jì)過程中，馬老師對(duì)該論文從選題，構(gòu)思到最后定稿的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)給予細(xì)心指引與教導(dǎo),使我得以最終完成畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)。在學(xué)習(xí)中,老師嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度、豐富淵博的知識(shí)、敏銳的學(xué)術(shù)思維、精益求精的工作態(tài)度以及侮人不倦的師者風(fēng)范是我終生學(xué)習(xí)的楷模，老師高深精湛的造詣與嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)求實(shí)的治學(xué)精神，將永遠(yuǎn)激勵(lì)著我。這三年中還得到眾多老師的關(guān)心支持和幫助。在此，謹(jǐn)向老師們致以衷心的感謝和崇高的敬意！

最后，我要向百忙之中抽時(shí)間對(duì)本文進(jìn)行審閱，評(píng)議的指導(dǎo)教師-馬小林老師表示感謝。