第一篇：建筑工程專業(yè)中英文摘要

摘要

1.項(xiàng)目概況

本工程名為楚漢大學(xué)圖書館，工程選址位于市郊區(qū)內(nèi)。本工程集閱覽室、書庫(kù)、辦公室、會(huì)議室、多功能廳于一體，主要為全校師生員工的教學(xué)和科研服務(wù)。施工單位：中國(guó)建筑第五工程局有限公司

設(shè)計(jì)單位：湖南大學(xué)建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院

監(jiān)理單位：湖南大學(xué)建設(shè)監(jiān)理有限公司

2.建筑設(shè)計(jì)部分

本工程主樓為地上十層、地下一層的建筑，裙樓為二層建筑。本工程總建筑面積11743.51m2，房屋長(zhǎng)65.070m，寬度為32.000m，房屋主體高度為41.4m。主樓地下室層高為4.8米，二三層層高3.3米，其余每層層高3.9米。裙樓一層層高為3.9米，二層層高為5.4米。室內(nèi)外高差0.45 米,高差由臺(tái)階連接，室內(nèi)地面標(biāo)高為±0.000,建筑使用年限50年。

本圖書館屬于一類建筑，抗震設(shè)防烈度為7度，耐火等級(jí)為一級(jí)，屋面防水采用二級(jí)防水，場(chǎng)地類別：Ⅱ類。

3.結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)部分

基礎(chǔ)：采用鋼筋混凝土獨(dú)立基礎(chǔ)。

結(jié)構(gòu)工程：鋼筋混凝土框架結(jié)構(gòu)體系，抗震設(shè)防烈度為7度，設(shè)計(jì)地震分組為一組，框架結(jié)構(gòu)抗震等級(jí)為二級(jí)。

墻體：除外墻采用燒結(jié)多空磚外，其余墻體采用混凝土空心砌塊，M5混合砂漿砌筑，墻厚240mm。

主要構(gòu)件截面尺寸：柱：1100mm×1100mm；框架梁：400mm×800mm；次梁： 250mm×550mm，僅沿縱向布置；一層樓板和其余樓板的厚度分別為為160mm 及120mm。

主要計(jì)算方法：采用迭代法計(jì)算豎向荷載下的結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)力，采用D值法計(jì)算橫向荷載作用下的框架結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)力和側(cè)移。

主要材料選用： 混凝土：基礎(chǔ)墊層采用C15混凝土，其它主要構(gòu)件均采用C30混凝土； 鋼筋：受力縱筋采用HRB400(fy?360N/mm2)，箍筋采用HPB300(fy?270N/mm2)。

設(shè)計(jì)荷載： 基本風(fēng)壓：0.35kN/m2； 基本雪壓：0.45kN/m2；屋面活載：2.0kN/m2；樓面活載：2.5kN/m2；書庫(kù)活載：5.0kN/m2。

4.施工組織設(shè)計(jì)部分

隨著建筑業(yè)管理體制改革的深化，工程項(xiàng)目施工管理越來(lái)越受到人們的重視，其管理水平的高低成為制約企業(yè)生存與發(fā)展的第一要素，而質(zhì)量、進(jìn)度、成本控制是其中最為重要的管理要點(diǎn)。

本文以施工項(xiàng)目為實(shí)例，結(jié)合實(shí)際情況，對(duì)項(xiàng)目的各分部分項(xiàng)工程施工方案

進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)。運(yùn)用進(jìn)度控制的基本理論知識(shí)，從項(xiàng)目管理者的角度出發(fā)，對(duì)項(xiàng)目從開工準(zhǔn)備到竣工驗(yàn)收全過(guò)程進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)度規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)，使用橫道圖和網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖對(duì)進(jìn)度計(jì)劃進(jìn)行分析，并根據(jù)實(shí)際情況提出了具體的保證進(jìn)度計(jì)劃實(shí)施的措施；質(zhì)量和安全方面，制定了嚴(yán)格的技術(shù)、組織措施，針對(duì)施工項(xiàng)目中常見問(wèn)題、重點(diǎn)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了規(guī)劃，建立相應(yīng)的管理組織機(jī)構(gòu)，以保證質(zhì)量與安全計(jì)劃得以很好的實(shí)現(xiàn)。

關(guān)鍵詞：鋼筋混凝土，框架結(jié)構(gòu)，D值法，圖書館，施工項(xiàng)目管理，進(jìn)度規(guī)劃

ABSTRACT

1.Overview of the buiding

This building is named Chuhan University library, which is to be located in the suburb area.This building gathers the reading room, stack, office,conference room, multi-function hall at the integral whole and main contributes efforts to the teaching and research srevice of the entire school teachers and the students.Construction unit : China construction fifth engineering division corp.,LTD

Design unit : Hunan University Architecture building design institute

Supervision unit : Hunan University Construction Supervision Co.2.Specification of Architectural Design

The main building includes a basement and 10 storey building and the podium is a two-story building.The total area of this project is 12036m2.The building, with ten stories, the dimension of which is 65.070m × 32.000m , and its total height is 41.4m.Among these ten stories, the height of the sub-story is 4.8m，while the height of the first to the tenth one is 3.9m.The first story of the Skirt building is 4.2 meters in height and the height of the second story is 5.4m.The difference between the interior level and exterior level is 0.45m ,which is linked by the step, The indoor ground elevation is ±0.000 and the building's design life for 50 years.This construction belongs to the first class building.The intensity of an

earthquake resistance of buildings is 7, and fire-resistant Grade I.The waterproof roof

is the second grade.Site classification: Ⅱclass.3.Specification of Structural Design

Foundation: The foundation of the building uses independent footing.Structure engineering: The structure system of this building is Reinforced

concrete frame structure.The seismic fortification intensity is 7 degrees, to design the first group of seismic group.Frame structure seismic grade is two.Wall : Except outside wall using fired perforated brick outside, the rest wall body

adopts concrete hollow carve a piece, the M5 hybrid sand syrup carves to build, the wall is thick 240 mm.Cross section size of the elements : column, 1100mm×1100mm;frame girder, 400mm×800mm.Disposal of junior beams which cross section size is 250mm×550mm follows vertical direction simply.The thicknesses of the first roof slab is 160mm,while the other floor's is 120 mm.The main method of calculation: the Iteration is used to compute the interior

force which under the vertical loads.The interior force and lateral which is made by the horizontal loads is calculated by D-value method.Critical materials :

Concrete: Foundation-bedC15

Foundation, foundation beams, beams, slab and columnC35

Steel:Reinforcing steel bar is HRB400(fy?360N/mm2)

Stirrup is HPB300(fy?270N/mm2)

Load:Basic wind pressure0.35 kN/m2;

Basic snow pressure0.45 kN/m2;Live load of roof2.0 kN/m2;

Live load of floor2.5kN/m2

Live load of stack's floor5.0kN/m2;

4.Specification of Graduation Design

With the deepening of the reform of the construction management system, the pro

ject construction management more and more attention by people, the management le

vel of enterprise's survival and development constraints become the first elements, and quality, schedule and cost control is one of the most important management points.Based on the construction project as an example, the University with actual situation of the project, the construction of each division subdivisional work detailed design scheme.Using the basic theory of progress control from the project management knowledge, the Angle of the project, the completion acceptance from start to prepare for the progress of the whole process system planning design, use a bar chart and network diagram analysis on schedule, and according to the actual situation proposed the concrete measures to ensure schedule implementation;Quality and security, has formulated strict technology, organizational measures for construction projects, faqs, key problems and set up a corresponding management planning organization, to ensure the quality and safety plans well implemented.Keywords: Construction project management, Schedule planningreinforced concrete, frame structure, D value method, library

第二篇：湖南大學(xué)建筑工程畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)-中英文摘要。。

General Design Specification

1.Survey of the buiding This building is an office building named Xing Cheng, which is to be located in the urban area in the city of Changsha.It is used for management, finance, general affairs and technical service.The building has ten stories and one story of basement.Designing company : Xing Cheng Architecture building design institute Constructiong company : Zhi Peng the corporation of the Art of Architecture Quality monitor : Jian Hua quality controlling company 2.Specification of Architectural Design The total area of this project is 6602.6m2.The building, with ten stories, the dimension of which is 40.4m × 14.5m , and its total height is 31.5m.Among these ten stories, the height of the sub-story and initial story is 4.2m while the height of the second to the tenth one is 3.0m.The first ground are used to go on finance, The rest are used to handle official and finance businesses.Construction Class : This construction belongs to the first class building.Earthquake-resistant intensity of the construction is 7 degree and

Fire-resistance rate of that is the second grade.Waterproof :

roof : the second grade Architectural Decoration : Considering the harmony between this office building and the other ones around, we adopt white ceramic tiles for thesurface of the exterior wall.The surface of the floor is made of Marble in in office room and conference room.The surface of the internal wall is brushed the latex.Waterproof-layer consists of APP modified bitumen membrane

3.Specification of Structural Design The foundation of the building uses independent footing.The difference between the interior level and exterior level is 0.3m.The structure system of this building is Reinforced concrete frame structure.According to 《Code for Seismic Design of Buildings》(GB50011-2001), the grade of the earthquake resistant for the frame structure is the second grade.Cross section size of the elements : column, 850mm×850mm、600mm×600mm;frame girder, 300mm×600mm.Disposal of junior beams which cross section size is 300mm×500mm follows vertical direction simply.The thicknesses of the roof slab is 120mm while the floor's is 100 mm too.The thickness of the shear wall around elevator shaft is 200mm.the walls are made of hollow concrete block.The main method of calculation: the Iteration is used to compute the interior force which under the vertical loads.The interior force which is made by the horizontal loads is calculated by D-value method.Critical materials :

1、Concrete: Foundation-bed

C10

Foundation, foundation beams, beams, boards and column

C30

2、Steel: Reinforcing steel bar is HRB335(fy =300N/mm2)

Stirrup is HPB235(fy =210N/mm2)

Reinforcement in girder and shear wall should overlap, which must meet the design requirements.Welding position and anchorage length must conform to what is prescribed in design plan.Reinforcement cover: Beam

35mm;

Column

40mm;

Board

20mm.Load: Basic wind pressure

0.35kN/m2;

Basic snow pressure

0.40kN/m2;

Live load of roof

2.0kN/m2;

Live load of floor and hallway

4.5kN/m2.4.Specification of construction organization Utilization of water and electricity at the construction site can be connected from circuit and water pipe net that have existing consummately nearby.Preparation of everything including material and the construction machineries at site should be responsed by construction company.Proper yard arrangement must be made for material.Details of the arrangement can be found in construction plan.This project is high-rise building.During the construction, all measures that make sure security and quality must be paid more attention to and carried out exactly.Construction methods in detail of every partial project can be found in construction design book.5.Main design norms Code for design of concrete structure(GB50010-2002)Load code for the design of building structure(GB50009-2001)Code for seismic design of buildings(GB50011-2001)Code for design of building foundation(GB50007-2002)Technical specification for concrete structures of tall buildings(JGJ3-2002)Code for acceptance of constructional quality of concrete structures(GB50204-2002)The code of construction project management by enterprises of construction industry

(GB50326-2001)Unifiled standard for constructional quality acceptance of building engineering

(GB50300-2001)

畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)摘要

1.項(xiàng)目概況

本工程名為星城商業(yè)辦公樓，工程選址位于長(zhǎng)沙市市區(qū)內(nèi)。本工程是一座集人員管理，金融商貿(mào)，事務(wù)所和技術(shù)服務(wù)等功能于一身的綜合性商業(yè)辦公樓，包括地上十層和一層地下室。

設(shè)計(jì)單位：長(zhǎng)沙市星城建筑設(shè)計(jì)有限公司；

施工單位：長(zhǎng)沙市志鵬建筑藝術(shù)發(fā)展公司；

監(jiān)理單位：長(zhǎng)沙市建華工程建設(shè)監(jiān)理公司。2.建筑設(shè)計(jì)部分

本工程總建筑面積6602.6m2，房屋長(zhǎng)40.4m，寬度為14.5m；房屋主體高度為31.5m。地下層和首層層高為4.2m，二至十層層高均為3.0m，一樓用于商業(yè)活動(dòng)，其他樓層用于日常辦公和商業(yè)事務(wù)。

本辦公樓屬于一類建筑，抗震設(shè)防烈度為7度，防火等級(jí)為二級(jí)，屋面防水采用二級(jí)防水。

建筑裝修：為保證與周圍建筑群的和諧一致，滿足城市統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃要求，本建筑外墻采用白色面磚裝飾；樓地面裝修：辦公室、會(huì)議室等采用大理石地面；內(nèi)墻面裝飾以粉刷乳膠漆為主；防水層采用APP改性瀝青防水卷材。3.結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)部分

本工程采用柱下獨(dú)立基礎(chǔ)，室內(nèi)外高差為0.3m。

本工程結(jié)構(gòu)形式選用鋼筋混凝土框架結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)《建筑抗震設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》(GB50011-2001)可知，本結(jié)構(gòu)屬于二級(jí)抗震。

主要構(gòu)件截面尺寸：柱：850mm×850mm、600mm×600mm；框架梁：300mm×600mm；次梁： 300mm×500mm，僅沿縱向布置；屋面板和樓板的厚度分別為為120mm 及100mm。電梯井周圍剪力墻厚200mm，外墻采用陶?；炷量招钠鰤K砌筑。

主要計(jì)算方法：采用迭代法計(jì)算豎向荷載下的結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)力，采用D值法計(jì)算橫向荷載作用下的結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)力。

主要材料選用：

混凝土：基礎(chǔ)墊層采用C10混凝土，其它主要構(gòu)件均采用C30混凝土；

鋼筋：受力縱筋采用HRB335(fy =300N/mm2)，箍筋采用HPB235(fy =210N/mm2)。梁和剪力墻內(nèi)鋼筋的搭接必須滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求；鋼筋的焊接位置和錨固長(zhǎng)度必須跟設(shè)計(jì)中的吻合。主要構(gòu)件保護(hù)層厚度： 梁：35mm；柱：40mm；板：20mm。

設(shè)計(jì)荷載： 基本風(fēng)壓：0.35kN/m2； 基本雪壓：0.40kN/m2；屋面活載：2.0kN/m2；樓面活載：4.5kN/m2。4.施工組織設(shè)計(jì)部分

施工工地需要的臨時(shí)水電可以直接利用工地附近已有的電路和自來(lái)水網(wǎng)路。施工方應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)所有建筑材料及施工機(jī)械做好充分準(zhǔn)備，并修建合適的材料堆場(chǎng)，詳見施工平面布置圖。

本工程屬于高層建筑，因此在施工過(guò)程中，要嚴(yán)格保證工程安全和工程質(zhì)量，制定相關(guān)措施并嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行。

其他各部分詳細(xì)施工方案和要求見施工組織設(shè)計(jì)書。5.設(shè)計(jì)參考相關(guān)規(guī)范

《混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》(GB50010-2002)《建筑結(jié)構(gòu)荷載規(guī)范》(GB50009-2001)《建筑抗震設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》(GB50011-2001)《建筑地基基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》(GB50007-2002)《高層建筑混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)規(guī)程》(JGJ3-2002)《混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)工程施工質(zhì)量驗(yàn)收規(guī)范》(GB50204-2002)《建設(shè)工程施工項(xiàng)目管理規(guī)范》(GB50326-2001)《建筑工程施工質(zhì)量驗(yàn)收統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB50300-2001)

第三篇：土木工程專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文中英文摘要

XX大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）

摘要

本文主要針對(duì)新建鐵路精伊線莫仁至阿恰勒段的初步設(shè)計(jì)及相關(guān)程序設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)的具體內(nèi)容由以下幾個(gè)部分組成：結(jié)合地形、地質(zhì)條件，在帶狀等高線地形圖上，按初步設(shè)計(jì)的步驟，選定線路的基本走向，并進(jìn)行路基設(shè)計(jì)，包括線路的平面定線、平面設(shè)計(jì)、縱斷面設(shè)計(jì)、橫斷面設(shè)計(jì)、路基土石方計(jì)算程序設(shè)計(jì)、平面坐標(biāo)計(jì)算程序設(shè)計(jì)、及相關(guān)外文科技文獻(xiàn)翻譯一篇。

平面定線過(guò)程中，根據(jù)坡度的變化，注意緊坡地段和緩坡地段的定線要求及定線技巧，在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，由于兩站之間有較大的高程差，所以為了減少挖方量和爭(zhēng)取最大高程，線路采用較大的坡度上坡，并注意使直線與曲線相互協(xié)調(diào)，充分考慮夾直線和緩和曲線長(zhǎng)度的要求；縱斷面設(shè)計(jì)中，注意最大坡度、坡段長(zhǎng)度、坡段連接與坡度折減等問(wèn)題，在變坡點(diǎn)處應(yīng)合理設(shè)置豎曲線 ；在平面坐標(biāo)計(jì)算程序設(shè)計(jì)中，對(duì)兩種方法進(jìn)行比較，采用Fortran語(yǔ)言編制計(jì)算程序；在橫斷面設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，考慮曲線地段路基面加寬等問(wèn)題。

整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)分幾個(gè)階段進(jìn)行，每一階段的工作都需要綜合考慮、精心設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)的前后都要進(jìn)行必要的比較、檢算，符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以后，提交有關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)成果，完成設(shè)計(jì)。

關(guān)鍵詞：平面縱斷面豎曲線路基橫斷面

XX大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）

Abstract

The article aims in designing new-built railway preliminarily for JingYi line from Moren to Aqiale section and relevant programs.The concrete contents of the design are as follows : Following the procedures of preliminary design , combine the topography、geology condition , select the basic trend of the line on the topographic map of belt contour , and start the subgrade design，including level location、level section design、profile design、cross section design、subgrade cubic meter of earth and stone calculation program and design、level coordinate calculation program of line and design、translating a relevant foreign technological bibliography.During the course of level location, follow the gradient changes to locate the line;pays attention to the tight slope land sector and the gentle slope land sector decides the line request and decides the line skill, in design process between, because two stands has a bigger elevation difference, therefore in order to reduce the volume of excavation the quantity and strives for the maximum elevation, the line uses an greater slope uphill, and the attention causes the straight line and the curveinter coordination, the full consideration clamps the straight line to be gentle and the length of curve request;In profile design , we must pay attention to the maximum grade、the connection of grade section and compensation of gradient etc;On the grade change point, we should dispose the vertical curve reasonably.During the course of level coordinate calculation program and design, compare thee two methods and use the C Language to program;In the cross section design, consider the problems of broadening subgrade on curve section.The whole design is divided into several stages to conduct.Every stage requires integrated consideration and careful design.The essential comparison and checkout both are required to do before and after designing.When the design conforms to the standard, submit relevant achievements of design, and then finish the design

Key Words:Level section、Profile、Vertical curve、Subgrade、Cross Section-2-

第四篇：機(jī)械專業(yè)論文中英文摘要

摘 要

本文主要論述了基于PLC的鋼管打捆機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)思路和設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程。主要包括鋼管打捆機(jī)的汽缸動(dòng)作的順序控制和打捆鋼帶的定長(zhǎng)剪切伺服控制以及人機(jī)交互界面設(shè)計(jì)。論文介紹了鋼管打捆機(jī)的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究情況，說(shuō)明了研制具有我國(guó)自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的鋼管打捆機(jī)的必要性，講述了國(guó)家對(duì)鋼管包裝的要求和對(duì)鋼管打捆機(jī)的性能要求；分析了給定結(jié)構(gòu)的鋼管打捆機(jī)的工作流程和控制要求；設(shè)計(jì)和選用了鋼管打捆機(jī)的氣動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和相應(yīng)的控制系統(tǒng)的硬件；建立了打捆鋼帶定長(zhǎng)剪切伺服控制的數(shù)學(xué)模型；選用觸摸屏進(jìn)行了人機(jī)交互界面的設(shè)計(jì)；對(duì)PLC控制系統(tǒng)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)程序進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)敘述。

本文所設(shè)計(jì)的鋼管打捆機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)具有根據(jù)設(shè)定參數(shù)自動(dòng)對(duì)鋼管計(jì)數(shù)、自動(dòng)剪切打捆鋼帶、自動(dòng)完成鋼管打捆的動(dòng)作控制等功能，同時(shí)通過(guò)觸摸屏實(shí)現(xiàn)參數(shù)的輸入和實(shí)時(shí)顯示。

關(guān)鍵詞：自動(dòng)鋼管打捆機(jī)；定長(zhǎng)剪切；變頻調(diào)速；人機(jī)界面

This article mainly discusses the design idea and the design process of the PLC based strapping machine controlling system.It includes the sequence control of the cylinder moves of the strapping machine, the fixed-length shear servo control of the steel packing, and the designs of the Man-machine interface.The thesis introduces the strapping machine’s studying condition both at home and abroad, illustrating the necessity of owning the strapping machine of the Independent intellectual property rights;analyzing the workflow and the control requirements of the given structure strapping machine;designing and choosing the hardware of the strapping machine’s pneumatic system and the corresponded controlling system;establishing the mathematical model of the fixed-length shear servo control;choosing the touch screen to do designs of the Man-machine interface;doing detailed descriptions to the important and difficult process of the PLC controlling system.The strapping machine’s controlling system designed by this thesis owns the functions of counting steels automatically according to the setting

parameters, shearing the packed steels automatically, and fulfilling the motion control of packing steels automatically, and at the same time, realizing the parameters input and the real-time display by the touch screen.Key words: automatic strapping machine;fixed-length shear;frequency control;man-machine interface

第五篇：中英文摘要

榆林學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文

俄國(guó)文學(xué)中“小人物”悲劇命運(yùn)成因探析

肖世濤

（榆林學(xué)院中文系陜西榆林719000）

摘要：

19世紀(jì)俄國(guó)“自然派”作家正式提出了寫“小人物”的口號(hào)。他們?cè)谧髌分忻枋鲂∪宋锏谋瘧K命運(yùn)和內(nèi)心痛苦，從而使文藝成為“社會(huì)的一面忠實(shí)的鏡子”?！靶∪宋铩痹谏鐣?huì)中官階、地位極其低下，生活困苦，但又逆來(lái)順受、安分守己、性格懦弱、膽小怕事，因此成為“大人物”統(tǒng)治下被侮辱的犧牲者。但通過(guò)對(duì)作家普希金、果戈理、契訶夫、陀斯托耶夫斯基等關(guān)于小人物的作品及其主人公的分析，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)“小人物”的悲劇命運(yùn)并非僅限于官僚統(tǒng)治欺凌等外在的社會(huì)原因，同時(shí)還有“小人物”自身固有的內(nèi)在原因，其中，因循守舊不思轉(zhuǎn)變觀念的思維模式是釀成“小人物”悲劇命運(yùn)的思想原因，軟弱怯懦、不思反抗的逃避行為是釀成“小人物”悲劇命運(yùn)的性格原因。作者再現(xiàn)“小人物”保守思想和懦弱性格的目的，在于通過(guò)對(duì)“小人物”靈魂的拷問(wèn)，完成人格形態(tài)的批判，把他們從沉睡中喚醒。對(duì)“小人物”寄寓有限的同情，但更多地傾注了對(duì)其劣根性哀其不幸，怒其不爭(zhēng)的抨擊。揭示現(xiàn)實(shí)中小人物存在的具體現(xiàn)象，生活在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的人們，應(yīng)該靜下心來(lái)反思一下，是不是自己身上也能找到小人物的影子，指出文章對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的警示意義。

關(guān)鍵詞:俄國(guó)文學(xué)小人物悲劇命運(yùn)外在原因內(nèi)在原因

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俄國(guó)文學(xué)中“小人物”悲劇命運(yùn)成因探析

An analyze on the cause of tragic destiny of ＂no man＂

in Russian literature

XiaoShitao

(Chinese Department，Yulin College，Yulin，Shaanxi719000)

Abstract：In 19th century the writer of ＂the natural faction＂in Russia proposed a slogan to write the life of ＂the no man＂．They described the tragic destiny and inner world pain of ＂the no man＂，and it made the literary arts to become ＂a faithful mirror of the society＂．These ＂no man＂had a low position in the society and lead a miserable life，but at the same time，they all content with things as they are and had cowardly charcuter，therefore，they became the prey who were insulted under the domination of＂the great man＂．However，according to the author＇s analyze on the work which were wrote by Pushkin，Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol，Anton Chekhov and Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky，we can easily find the reason of tragic destiny of the＂no man＂is not only some external causes but also some internal causes．Among all this reasons，the thought pattern of stick to old ways is their tragic destiny＇s thought reason．The author reproduce their conservative thinking and cowardly character in order to crieicize the personality from of the＂no man＂and awake them from deep sleep．In this thesis，the author gives the no man limited sympathy，but pay more attention to attack their sadness and not the behaviors of struggle for their angry．According to reveal the phenomanon of existence of＂no man＂in real life，the author hopes the people live in real life can introspect thenselves and shows the significance to the reality．

Key words：Russian literature；No man； Tragic destiny； External causes；Internal

causes

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