第一篇：錯(cuò)誤解析改正后文章

(一)審題錯(cuò)誤

Taibai Mountain is a famous place of interest in Shaanxi Province.It has its special scenes all the year round, and spring is the best time to visit it.When spring comes, the mountains are covered with a great many green tall trees and all kinds of colorful wild flowers.It is so beautiful that a lot of visitors come here and enjoy its beauty every day.But a few years ago, some of the visitors paid no attention to protecting the environment.They used to throw lots of rubbish such as plastic bags, fruit skins and waste paper on the ground.Sometimes they broke some branches, picked flowers and even killed birds.Some even made fires in the forest to cook food.How dangerous it was!Luckily enough, the local government has begun to do something to stop polluting the area.Great changes have taken place here.(二)文體格式錯(cuò)誤

Monday, March12th, 2007Sunny

It is March 12th today.At half past eight, all the teachers and students in our school gathered in front of the school gate.Then we went on foot to the Western Hill to plant trees.Before we started working, the teacher gave us a talk on the importance of planting trees.He said that trees can help to keep the air clean, protect us from strong wind and sand and make our city more beautiful.Then he showed us how to plant trees and asked each of us to plant at least five trees.After that we started working.Some strong boys dug holes, some carried water and some girls put trees in the holes.We all worked hard.Among us, Lin Tao, our monitor set a good example to us.Though he was ill, he worked harder.When he finished his task, he went on to help others.He was wet all over after work.Looking at the lines of the young trees, we smiled happily.(三)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)誤用

The computer — a high-tech product, has become so popular that it is seen in almost every family.It is playing an important role in our everyday life.The computer helps us handle many matters: official business, chat online, study, sending e-mails, long-distance education and entertainment such as listening to music and watching video.But we also know that the computer is bad for our eyes, especially for the young kids’.Now there are more and more children who have to wear glasses in order to see clearly.Many children become near-sighted, and they are doing worse and worse in their studies because they spend too much time playing computer games.So if you want to have beautiful and bright eyes and gain some useful knowledge when you are young, the most important thing you will do is to plan your time carefully and well.Only in this way can you have a bright future.(四)句型結(jié)構(gòu)、固定搭配錯(cuò)誤

Smoking is harmful to health

It is known to all that smoking is bad for health.In China there are millions of smokers.Each year millions of people die from smoking.Smoking makes many people ill.Those who often smoke have black teeth.Lots of smokers cough day and night.Lung cancer is one of the most serious illnesses that are caused by smoking.Many people suffer from this terrible disease and lose their lives.Smoking does harm not only to smokers themselves, but also to non-smokers, especially women and children.They may have their health harmed because of the smoke caused by cigarettes.Everyone agrees that smoking is not good for health, but it is not easy for smokers to give up smoking.I hope all the smokers will stop smoking for the good of their own health and also for the people around them.Let’s enjoy clean and fresh air together.(五)詞匯使用錯(cuò)誤

Dear Li Xiaoli,I’m glad to receive your e-mail.I’ve showed it to my friends.Every one of us thinks China is one of the greatest countries.We’ve known much about your country for years, but we have no chance to go there.We often watch the Great Wall and beautiful Beijing on TV.So I think China is worth visiting.I bought a book on China and study it when I’m free.I hope I can visit your country one day, and I also hope you can visit our country sometime in the future.Truly yours,Mary Baker

(六)漢式英語

We keep a lovely small cat at home.My family are always happy because of her.I went to the store to buy some food for her yesterday evening.Unluckily, there was a heavy rain on my way home.When I got home, I was wet through.Although I was wet, I was very happy.Anyway, the cat would not be hungry.

第二篇：admas錯(cuò)誤改正方法（共）

導(dǎo)致矩陣異常的因素主要是Jacobian矩陣不可逆或者是模型中一些樞軸很小或?yàn)榱恪７治銎浔举|(zhì)原因：模型錯(cuò)誤，如模型中零件的質(zhì)量或者轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量為零，通常無質(zhì)量的物體不受系統(tǒng)約束；該系統(tǒng)處于鎖定狀態(tài)；一個(gè)較大的力或力矩發(fā)生突變；如果積分器中選用了I3格式，則有可能是積分步長(zhǎng)太小。

在這個(gè)時(shí)候你可以嘗試以下幾種辦法：

首先應(yīng)該確認(rèn)建模過程中是否存在錯(cuò)誤；使用別的積分器或者積分格式；放寬積分器誤差范圍；再次檢測(cè)一下模型，以保證所有的加速度、力、力矩的數(shù)值均合理；使用LSOLVER/HARWELL以啟動(dòng)稀疏矩陣軟件包進(jìn)行分析。

其實(shí)基本上99%的仿真失敗都可以這樣排除：

首先：看看所有的part是不是有質(zhì)量，質(zhì)量對(duì)不對(duì)，單位對(duì)不對(duì)，所有的約束加得對(duì)不對(duì)，這一步檢查完，排除錯(cuò)誤后，基本上80%的模型可以仿真成功。如果還仿真不成功，就要調(diào)試求解器，比如換個(gè)求解器試試，或者，調(diào)求解參數(shù)，一般，把最大幾分步長(zhǎng)Hmax調(diào)小些試試，或者把誤差調(diào)大寫試試，反復(fù)試。

第三篇：語言學(xué)習(xí)中的錯(cuò)誤改正

語言學(xué)習(xí)中的錯(cuò)誤改正來源：英語畢業(yè)論文 http:///

數(shù)學(xué)語言是數(shù)學(xué)思想的表現(xiàn)形式,是進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)思維和數(shù)學(xué)交流的工具。

斯托利亞爾曾指出“:數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)也就是數(shù)學(xué)語言的教學(xué)?！睂W(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的過程,就是將代表數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)、數(shù)學(xué)思想的數(shù)學(xué)語言內(nèi)化為自己頭腦中的數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)的過程。因此,學(xué)生對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)語言的理解、掌握和運(yùn)用將直接影響他的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。

由于中學(xué)生(尤其是差生)在數(shù)學(xué)語言的學(xué)習(xí)中存在不少錯(cuò)誤和障礙,要提高中學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)質(zhì)量,教師就應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)這些錯(cuò)誤和障礙進(jìn)行分析和研究,找出產(chǎn)生的原因,在教學(xué)中加以改進(jìn)。數(shù)學(xué)語言一般可分為3部分:數(shù)學(xué)文字語言、數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)語言和數(shù)學(xué)圖形語言。本文將對(duì)中學(xué)生在數(shù)學(xué)語言學(xué)習(xí)中常見的一些錯(cuò)誤和障礙從以下3方面進(jìn)行分析。

1、數(shù)學(xué)文字語言學(xué)習(xí)中的常見錯(cuò)誤數(shù)學(xué)中的許多概念和定理是用文字語言來表述的,這里所指的文字語言與人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械淖匀徽Z言是有區(qū)別的,它是經(jīng)過提煉和加工,具有高度的概括性和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性的文字語言,故稱為數(shù)學(xué)文字語言。例如圓的定義是“:到定點(diǎn)的距離等于定長(zhǎng)的點(diǎn)的集合?！庇秩缗卸▋蓚€(gè)三角形全等的公理“:有三邊對(duì)應(yīng)相等的兩個(gè)三角形全等?！敝袑W(xué)生在數(shù)學(xué)文字語言的學(xué)習(xí)中,常忽視某些字、詞、句,造成對(duì)概念和定理的錯(cuò)誤理解。學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)近平行四邊形的判定定理“:一組對(duì)邊平行且相等的四邊形是平行四邊形”時(shí),有的學(xué)生常忽視“且”字,認(rèn)為1個(gè)字無關(guān)緊要,可有可無,因此出現(xiàn)這樣的錯(cuò)誤,將定理理解為“:一組對(duì)邊平行,一組對(duì)邊相等的四邊形是平行四邊

形”。學(xué)生為何會(huì)忽略“且”字,心理學(xué)的理論認(rèn)為,當(dāng)人們對(duì)某個(gè)事物(稱為刺激物)進(jìn)行感知時(shí),刺激物中各部分的條件有強(qiáng)有弱,其中強(qiáng)的部分所產(chǎn)生的效果幾乎等價(jià)于整個(gè)刺激物所引起的效果,而弱的部分被強(qiáng)的部分所掩蔽,似乎不起獨(dú)立作用,故而常常被人們忽視。

在上述定理中“,平行”、“相等”的條件很強(qiáng),因此,學(xué)生的注意往往集中在這個(gè)強(qiáng)的條件上,而“且”字條件較弱,不易引起學(xué)生的注意。此時(shí),教師應(yīng)根據(jù)這一情況,指出,定理中的“且”字是強(qiáng)調(diào)平行的這一組對(duì)邊“同時(shí)”還要相等,如果去掉“且”字,就有可能是“這一組對(duì)邊平行,而另一組對(duì)邊相等”。根據(jù)這樣的條件作出的四邊形就不一定是平行四邊形,這樣就加深了學(xué)生對(duì)這樣的關(guān)鍵詞的理解。學(xué)生在理解數(shù)學(xué)概念或定理時(shí),常常停留在表面形式上。學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)了奇函數(shù),偶函數(shù)的定義“:如果對(duì)于函數(shù)定義域內(nèi)任意一個(gè)x,都有f(-x)= f(x),那么函數(shù)f(x)就叫奇函數(shù)”“;如果對(duì)于定義域內(nèi)任意一個(gè)x,都有f(-x)=f(x),那么函數(shù)就叫偶函數(shù)”。

要求學(xué)生根據(jù)定義判斷函數(shù)f(x)=3 x2,x∈[-1,1)的奇偶性時(shí),往往許多學(xué)生只是形式地得出于f(-x)=3(-x)2=3 x=f(x),而錯(cuò)誤地?cái)喽ㄔ摵瘮?shù)是偶函數(shù)。原因是他們僅注意到定義的表面形式f(-x)=f(x),而沒有準(zhǔn)確理解定義的深刻內(nèi)涵。定義中的“對(duì)定義域內(nèi)任意一個(gè)x,都有f(-x)=-f(x)“或”f(-x)=f(x)“隱含著奇、偶函數(shù)的定義域應(yīng)滿足的條件是在X軸上是關(guān)于原點(diǎn)為對(duì)稱的數(shù)集。而該題的定義域?yàn)閇-1,1),形式上雖有f(-x)=f(x),但注意到x的任意性,當(dāng)x=-1時(shí),-x=1|[-1,1),故f(1)無意義,因此f(-1)=f(1)不成立,故此函數(shù)應(yīng)當(dāng)是非奇非偶函數(shù)。由于學(xué)生沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到定義隱含的條件,因而在判斷函數(shù)的奇偶性時(shí),常犯形式主義的錯(cuò)誤。

因此教師要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)定義進(jìn)行深入的剖析,注意挖掘其隱含條件,做到對(duì)概念的準(zhǔn)確理解。

2、數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)語言學(xué)習(xí)中常見的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)學(xué)語言的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)是使用符號(hào),如數(shù)字、字母、運(yùn)算符號(hào)和關(guān)系符號(hào)等,稱為數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)語言(以下簡(jiǎn)稱為符號(hào)語言)。符號(hào)語言的使用,使得數(shù)學(xué)語言具有高度的概括性和精確性,同時(shí)被抽象的數(shù)學(xué)概念和法則形式化。

例如,乘法分配律可用形式a(b+c)=ab+ac 表示。分式的基本性質(zhì),可用形式AB=A×MB×M;AB=A÷MB÷M(其中M是不等于零的整式)來表示。由于使用數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)來表示文字語言中用詞組或句子表示的概念和法則,因此,不少中學(xué)生對(duì)于抽象的符號(hào)語言的理解存在許多障礙和困難,使得他們不能正確地掌握、靈活地使用這些符號(hào)所代表的數(shù)學(xué)內(nèi)容。學(xué)生進(jìn)入初中后,開始學(xué)習(xí)有理數(shù)的概念,教科書上規(guī)定“像5,115,1012,8 848等大于0的數(shù),叫做正數(shù)。

像-5,-115,-1012,-155等在正數(shù)前面加上‘-’(讀作負(fù))號(hào)的數(shù),叫做負(fù)數(shù)。”隨著字母的引入,學(xué)生對(duì)字母代替數(shù)的任意性認(rèn)識(shí)不夠,仍停留在對(duì)具體、直觀的數(shù)字的認(rèn)識(shí)階段,由于思維定勢(shì)的作用,錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為字母“a”前面沒有負(fù)號(hào)因此是正數(shù),而“-a”的前面有負(fù)號(hào)因此是負(fù)數(shù),故初一的學(xué)生常犯下列錯(cuò)誤:a+b>a-b,3 a>a,|a|=a,|-a|=a,a2=a要避免以上錯(cuò)誤的產(chǎn)生,教師從初一就要注意逐步培養(yǎng)學(xué)生思維的抽象性,使學(xué)生的運(yùn)算能力從數(shù)的運(yùn)算提高到對(duì)代數(shù)式的運(yùn)算。學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)時(shí),如果新知識(shí)與舊知識(shí)在內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)上相似但實(shí)質(zhì)不相同時(shí),學(xué)生頭腦中的原有知識(shí)容易先入為主,新知識(shí)常被理解為原有知識(shí),被原有知識(shí)取代,從而出現(xiàn)負(fù)遷移,這樣的負(fù)遷移也影響了學(xué)生對(duì)一些公式或法則的理解。

學(xué)生常犯以下錯(cuò)誤:sin(A+B)=sinA+sinB lg(A+B)=lg A+lg B。產(chǎn)生上述錯(cuò)誤的原因在于學(xué)生把sin(A+B),lg(A+B)與先前學(xué)習(xí)的乘法分配律a(b+c)=ab+ac作形式上的類比,將sin,lg運(yùn)算符號(hào)誤認(rèn)為是數(shù)量符號(hào),從而用對(duì)乘法分配律的認(rèn)識(shí)來理解后面所學(xué)的知識(shí)。要防止以上負(fù)遷移的產(chǎn)生,就需要教

師在遇到類似情況時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)新舊知識(shí)的差異,從正、反兩方面給出例證,使學(xué)生清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到新知識(shí)與舊知識(shí)不同的地方,從而正確理解各種數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)的含義。

3、數(shù)學(xué)圖形語言學(xué)習(xí)中的常見錯(cuò)誤和障礙數(shù)學(xué)研究中的許多數(shù)學(xué)對(duì)象,數(shù)學(xué)性質(zhì)都可以用圖形或圖象表示,稱其為數(shù)學(xué)圖形語言。這是1種視覺語言,可以為數(shù)學(xué)對(duì)象、數(shù)學(xué)質(zhì)提供直觀的模型。例如實(shí)數(shù)集可用數(shù)軸來表示,函數(shù)的一些性質(zhì)可以通過函數(shù)圖象看出來。中學(xué)生在圖形語言學(xué)習(xí)中,將文字或符號(hào)語言轉(zhuǎn)化為圖形語言時(shí),常出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤和障礙。

已知等腰三角形的底角等于15°,腰長(zhǎng)為a,求腰上的高。圖1有的學(xué)生作△ABC,∠B=15°,AB=AC=a后,將題目要求的高作成AD,如圖1所示,而沒有作出腰上的高,當(dāng)老師問及原因時(shí),這些學(xué)生認(rèn)為,只有這條邊(指BC)上能作出高,其它邊上的高作不出來,因此題目要求的當(dāng)然是AD。為何學(xué)生作不出兩腰上的高呢?原因是由于學(xué)生平時(shí)在幾何學(xué)習(xí)中經(jīng)?？吹降氖卿J角三角形,銳角三角形三條邊上的高都在三角圖形的內(nèi)部,高的垂足都在三條邊上,因此,學(xué)生被這些表面現(xiàn)象所迷惑,將這些非本質(zhì)特征誤作為三角形的高的特征。

當(dāng)三角形是鈍角三角形時(shí),只有鈍角所對(duì)的邊上的高在三角形的內(nèi)部,而從其余個(gè)銳角的頂點(diǎn)向所對(duì)的邊作垂線時(shí),垂足都落在對(duì)邊的延長(zhǎng)線上,垂線位于三角形的外部,因此學(xué)生認(rèn)為兩腰上的高沒法作。如果在學(xué)習(xí)三角形的高的概念圖時(shí),采用變式圖形,通過各種三角形將高的特征突出,就可以避免出現(xiàn)這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。

中學(xué)生在將圖形語言轉(zhuǎn)化為文字語言或符號(hào)語言時(shí),由于觀察不全面或概括不準(zhǔn)確,也會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。教師在“弦切角”的概念教學(xué)中,先出示弦切角的各種圖形,如圖2所示,讓學(xué)生觀察后概括這些角的特點(diǎn),往往學(xué)生概括為“弦與切線所成的角”,或“割線與切線所成的角”,原因是圖形中,角的“兩條邊”這

個(gè)條件很強(qiáng),將角的“頂點(diǎn)”這一較弱的條件掩蔽,因此學(xué)生容易注意到角的兩邊而忽視角的頂點(diǎn)。

為此,教師可以通過圖3中的∠A′B′C′與圖(2)中的角對(duì)比,找出兩者的差異在于圖2中∠ABC的頂點(diǎn)在切點(diǎn),而圖3中∠A′B′C′的頂點(diǎn)不在切點(diǎn),指出學(xué)生概括的漏洞,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生逐步抽象出弦切角的定義,同時(shí)也培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生全面觀察問題和抽象概括的能力。

綜上所述,教師分析研究中學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)語言學(xué)習(xí)中的錯(cuò)誤和障礙,幫助他們加以克服,將使學(xué)生加深對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)概念的理解,有助于對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)的掌握和應(yīng)用,促進(jìn)學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí),也必然有助于數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)質(zhì)量的提高。

第四篇：寫作常見錯(cuò)誤總匯及改正建議

【附錯(cuò)誤歸類及修改建議】

1.We college students had enough time to take a part-time job, no matter how busy we were.2.There are so many countries using English that it had been regarded as an international language.3.The eating habit of Chinese people have changed in the past decade.4.Now fruits and vegetables can be seen everywhere when it is in season.5.I can solve our problem of tuition and fees by taking some part-time jobs.6.Without television, people can’t get information that comes from other parts of the world immediately.7.At the age of six, my father began to give me English lessons.8.To improve one’s writing skill, regular practice is necessary.9.With the computer, one can do shopping, banking and read at home.10.Nowadays, people not only eat enough food, but also eat better.11.Participating in sports is good for our physical health, and through it we can also train our character.12.Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden the have to bear.13.Someone believes that the teacher’s task is to students knowledge, which may not be true.14.People have been fighting against the influence of TV commercials, but it often proves useless.15.While we reduce the number of vehicles, the speed of traffic can be increased.16.Each of us may take a part-time job to help support ourselves, but if you spend too much time on it, your study will be affected.17.TV presents us with many useful informations.18.Making our cities greener is not an easy work.19.Each people has his own opportunities.20.Book knowledge is important, but we should learn something in the society.21.When I was in the high school, I always have a beautiful picture of the college life.22.If there were no electric power, we would have to do everything by the hands.23.If there were no electric power, factory would stop producing goods, car, bus and train would stop running.24.TV now plays and important role in our daily life, Because we think it extremely important.25.There are many ways to contact with society.For example, join in clubs, take part-time jobs and help the poor.26.If no electricity, all activities such as watching TV and seeing movies will be impossible.27.Because some college students could not find a better job, so they decided to continue to read for second degree.28.Although an opportunity is rare, but we must be ready to seize it.29.We students should learn / study as much knowledge as possible.30.With a rise in he number of cars and buses, traffic in Shanghai has become more and more crowded.31.People begin to eat more vice food.32.Actually, traffic jams have effected our daily life.33.In my opinion, I believe the present educational system is in need of reform.34.The reason why people choose to live in the country is because there is no pollution nor noise there.35.After four years, we all graduated from college and entered society.36.Many college students have a strong desire to be independent on their parents.37.The computer like TV, it has both advantages and disadvantages.38.Obviously, our country would stop develop if no electricity.39.Riding bicycles conveniences my work.40.Unlike movies, TV shows on continuously, and doesn’t need to pay an extra money.41.Too easy or to difficult is no good for us.42.College students doing part-time jobs is god to his family, himself, and the whole society.43.The canteen should setup several televisions.44.Reading books can acquire knowledge.45.People think go to the movie will cost a lot of money.46.There are many people take part in sports and games now.47.There are many people complain the paper-making mill pollute our fresh water can by people use.48.Although difficulty is exist, but we can overcome it.49.We should put our heart into the study.50.We young people are now living in sugar water.51.In a society where men are heavy and women are light, women cannot enjoy full equality.52.People set off firecrackers to congratulate the red and white happy things.53.We should advocate five talks and four beauties.54.Those are my humble opinions.【錯(cuò)誤歸類及修改建議】

（一）主干性錯(cuò)誤

時(shí)態(tài)：1，2

1.We college students we are.2.There are so many countries using English that itbeen regarded as an

international language.語態(tài)：15

15.While theof traffic should be

increased.句子成分：25，26，38，39，41，42，43，44，45，46，47，48

25.There are many ways to contact with society.For example, join in clubs,take part-time jobs, or help the poor.26.Ifno electricity, all activities,be impossible.38.Obviously, our country would stop 39.It is convenient for me to go working by bicycles.41.no good for us.42.Collegedoing part-time jobs is good to himself, his family and the whole

society.43.Several televisions should be setup in the canteen.44.45.People think going to movies will cost a lot of money.46.There are many peoplepart in sports and games now.47.There are many people complain the paper-making mill our fresh

water 48.Although difficulties exist, we can overcome them.主干搭配：30，34，40，30.With a rise in the number of cars and buses, in Shanghai 34.The reason why people choose to live in the country is that there is neither

pollution nor noise there.40.Unlike movies, TV shows on continuously, and the viewers don’t need to pay an

extra money.（二）細(xì)節(jié)性錯(cuò)誤

代詞（指代明確）：12，13，14，12.Sometimes（如此一來，句中的they就明確的指向了students）

13.Someone believes that a teacher’s task is to give students knowledge,which may not be true.（如此一來，which明確的指向前文的整句含義）

14.People have been fighting against the influence the influence of TV commercials,butoften proves useless.（it指代不明確，換成the effort便可以明確的指代前文中所言的斗爭(zhēng)）

名詞（泛指，特指）：20，21，22，23

20.It is important for us to acquire knowledge from books, but we should also learn

something from（不需要the）

21.When I was in a high school, I always had a beautiful picture of college life.22.If there were no electric power, we would have to do everything 23.If there were no electric power,would stop producing goods, buses and trains would stop running.用詞（準(zhǔn)確性）：17，18，19，29，31，32，33，35，36，37，17.TV presents us withuseful（分清可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞）

18.Making our city greener is not an easy（分清抽象名詞和具體名詞）

19.Each（分清個(gè)體和集體概念）

29.31.32.33.We students shouldas much knowledge as possible.People begin to have more non-staple food.Actually, traffic jams have（注意區(qū)分形似詞）In my opinion, the present educational system is in need of reform.（不必重復(fù)）

35.Four years , we all graduated from college and entered society.36.Many college students have a strong desire totheir children.37.Like TV, a computer has both advantages and disadvantages.修飾成分：6，7，8，6.Without a television, people cannot immediately get information that comes from

other parts of the world.7.At my age of six, I was taught English by my father.8.To improve one’s writing skill, he needs regular practice.（三）邏輯性錯(cuò)誤

邏輯缺失：23，23.If there were no electric power,would stop producing goods,would stop running.邏輯冗余：27，28，48

27.Because some college students cannot find satisfactory jobs, they decide to

continue their schooling for second degree.28.Although opportunities are rare, we must be ready to seize them.48.Although difficulties exist, we can overcome them.邏輯不成立：24

24.TV now plays an important role in our daily life, insight into the alien world without it.（四）一致性錯(cuò)誤

主謂一致：2，3

2.There are so many countries using English that itbeen regarded as an

international language.3.The diet of Chinese peoplechanged in the past decade.句中指代一致：4，5，16

4.Now fruits and vegetables can be seen everywhere whenin season.5.I can solveproblem of tuition and fees by taking 16.Each of us may take a part-time job to help support himself, but if he spends too

much time on it,平行結(jié)構(gòu)前后一致：9，10，11，15，20

9.With a computer, one can do shopping, banking and

10.Nowadays, people have.11.Participating in sports is good for p.15.While the number of vehicles is reduced, the efficiency of traffic should be

increased.20.It is important for us to acquire knowledge from books, but we should also learn

something from.（整句前后要平行）

（五）荒謬、無聊、不可思議的錯(cuò)誤

49，50，51，52，53，54

49.We.50.We young people are now leading a sweet life.51.In a society equality.52.Firecrackers are often set off

53.We should advocate 54.Those are my opinion.

第五篇：錯(cuò)誤 文章

《錯(cuò)誤》的四重解讀

臺(tái)灣詩(shī)人鄭愁予的代表作《錯(cuò)誤》先后選入新舊高中課本，有些老師反映這樣的新詩(shī)不好教，盡管沒有生僻難懂的字詞句，可就是不知道這首詩(shī)說的是什么意思。本文嘗試超越過去的單一角度、單一層次的賞析，而多角度多層次地開拓《錯(cuò)誤》的意義空間，給課堂教學(xué)提供一些啟示。

語言解讀 《錯(cuò)誤》語言樸素而華美，句式勻稱整齊而有變化，字里行間流動(dòng)著一種憂傷、惋惜的情調(diào)。

另外，詩(shī)中四個(gè)“不”(“不來”“不飛”“不響”“不揭”)字所表達(dá)的否定語氣，也給全詩(shī)帶來壓抑、滯悶的氛圍。這或許是 馬蹄、過客等是現(xiàn)實(shí)意象，它們都是真實(shí)的存在；東風(fēng)、柳絮、跫音、春帷、歸人等是虛擬意象，它們沒有在現(xiàn)實(shí)場(chǎng)景中出現(xiàn)，但在詩(shī)篇中以虛擬意象出現(xiàn)，裝飾著詩(shī)畫鏡框；容顏、心、馬蹄等是本體意象，等待詩(shī)人幻化成其他意象；蓮花、寂寞的城、街道、窗扉等是喻體意象，它們依托于現(xiàn)實(shí)意象、本體意象而存在，并由詩(shī)人的聯(lián)想或想像而產(chǎn)生的。

總之，這些意象或顯憂傷之美，或顯安謐之狀，或傳突兀之聲，這些特點(diǎn)合到一起就構(gòu)成這首詩(shī)由靜趨動(dòng)又由動(dòng)趨靜的詩(shī)化境界。

意蘊(yùn)解讀 詩(shī)中的“你”是誰？“我”是誰？“你”“我”之間是什么關(guān)系？其中有許多謎團(tuán)，用時(shí)髦的話來說就是有許多未定點(diǎn)和空白點(diǎn)。本來詩(shī)遺空白、詩(shī)意未定不是壞事，如此才有余地，引發(fā)讀者根據(jù)各人的聯(lián)想和想像、感受和領(lǐng)悟來讀出各種不同的意蘊(yùn)。這首詩(shī)恰好可以從不同的方面猜讀。

首先我們猜讀詩(shī)中確定性的意義：“我”是小城過客，“你”是小城居住者；“我”對(duì)你充滿憐惜之情，“你”則自愿封閉，心如止水。人物迥然有別，他們的存在造成了兩個(gè)互不相通的世界，一個(gè)是“我”的世界，是動(dòng)的、鮮活的；一個(gè)是“你”的，是靜的、寂寞封閉的；再有，“你”生活的世界又可一分為二，一個(gè)是外部沉寂而偶有異動(dòng)的世界，一個(gè)是內(nèi)在如同死水的心的世界。這些意義都是確定的。

那不確定意義呢？其一，詩(shī)作描寫一個(gè)怨婦。她表面沉靜，心里卻盼望夫君歸來。她以為夫君歸來，啟窗排闥，卻非我良人，旋即閉戶，枉起一陣“美麗的錯(cuò)誤”的心潮。其二，詩(shī)作描寫一個(gè)癡情的男子，造訪他心儀的女子，可她拒一場(chǎng)不會(huì)有結(jié)果的愛情于門外，心海安瀾，不起一絲漣漪，男子感嘆遇到了一場(chǎng)“美麗的錯(cuò)誤”。其三，詩(shī)作描寫一對(duì)特別的戀人，女子為情守身，堅(jiān)壁緊戶，不惹門外微塵；男子來了，方才駐足，又將啟程，只是過客，不是歸人，所謂的愛情只是短暫的美麗，錯(cuò)誤卻是長(zhǎng)久的，這同樣是“美麗的錯(cuò)誤”。三種說法各有道理，就像一道條件未給充分的數(shù)學(xué)題，存在多種答案。

為什么這首詩(shī)會(huì)變得多解而難解呢？前面說了，是未定點(diǎn)、空白點(diǎn)所致，具體說來，是對(duì)詩(shī)中女子描寫不充分所致。此女年幾何？妍否媸否？經(jīng)歷如何？家世如何？一概不知，因此無從對(duì)其內(nèi)心作準(zhǔn)確的推斷，也無從對(duì)詩(shī)意作出趨同的評(píng)議。假設(shè)有人問，詩(shī)人將女子的身份寫得清楚一些，不是更好嗎？這么一來，所有的猜測(cè)、懸想都沒有了，這首詩(shī)也就淡乎寡味了，品格應(yīng)在三流以下。

文化解讀 一首詩(shī)除了有審美意味外，還有文化意蘊(yùn)，那就頗有深度和厚度了。鄭愁予是浸潤(rùn)中國(guó)文化傳統(tǒng)、中國(guó)文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)和詩(shī)歌傳統(tǒng)的詩(shī)人，縱觀鄭愁予的詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作，都具有古雅風(fēng)流的氣質(zhì)，當(dāng)然這不是鄭愁予一人獨(dú)具的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，也是其他離別大陸羈旅臺(tái)灣的詩(shī)人的共同優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

《錯(cuò)誤》這首詩(shī)傳統(tǒng)的氣息很濃厚。就道德意義來說，它描寫了一位很傳統(tǒng)、守婦道的女性，寫出了傳統(tǒng)道德與人的本性之間的不相協(xié)調(diào)，最后人性、人的本性退位而傳統(tǒng)道德依然強(qiáng)勢(shì)；就題材來說，它寫閨怨，是自古以來離愁別恨詩(shī)歌在新的創(chuàng)作環(huán)境和語言環(huán)境下的翻版；就詩(shī)歌情調(diào)氣韻來說，含蓄蘊(yùn)藉，溫文爾雅，盡顯中和之美，讓情感變?yōu)榧壬钋疫h(yuǎn)的潛流；還有，就遣詞造句來說，沒有怪異的用語和句式，而有諸多很傳統(tǒng)的詞語，如“江南”“蓮花”“東風(fēng)”“三月”“柳絮”“青石”“向晚”“跫音”“春帷”“窗扉”“歸人”“過客”等。

不過這首詩(shī)畢竟是描寫現(xiàn)代人、現(xiàn)代生活的。傳統(tǒng)可以在心中神往，而歷史故事不能真實(shí)地重演。古之宮怨詩(shī)、閨怨詩(shī)，產(chǎn)生于農(nóng)耕時(shí)代，有其特定的社會(huì)背景；到了今天，宮怨、閨怨的生活景象早已不再鮮活，只成為書本里發(fā)黃的東西或文字記錄的遠(yuǎn)古記憶了。古人的怨詩(shī)多么有活力，宮中、閨中之人個(gè)個(gè)都是活著的人，“自伯之東，首如飛蓬。豈無膏沐？誰適為容!”(《詩(shī)經(jīng)·衛(wèi)風(fēng)·伯兮》)“賤妾煢煢守空房，憂來思君不敢忘，不覺淚下沾衣裳。”(曹丕《燕歌行》)“思往事，惜流芳，易成傷。擬歌先斂，欲笑還顰，最斷人腸?！?歐陽修《訴衷情》)俱往矣，時(shí)間流逝，風(fēng)光不再。對(duì)比之下，古代的思婦怨婦都有悲哀，今人可觀其流淚，聞其嘆息，那是活人的悲哀；而《錯(cuò)誤》中的女子呢？形影、聲息、器物、足跡、心跡全無，雖說活著卻像死人一樣的岑寂，在岑寂中漸漸枯萎凋零。她的故事、她的內(nèi)心令詩(shī)人令讀者揣測(cè)，卻難以勾起情感的共鳴。這也許是《錯(cuò)誤》一詩(shī)未臻完美之處吧。