第一篇：2018年考研翻譯碩士英語備考技巧

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2018年考研翻譯碩士英語備考技巧

下面是翻譯碩士學(xué)習(xí)英語18黃金法則，這不僅能提高你的英語語言能力，更有助于提高你對(duì)其他科目學(xué)習(xí)的認(rèn)知水平，廢話不多說了，快來看看吧。

1.What is language for? Some people seem to think it is for practicing grammar rules and learning lists of words--the longer the words the better.That’s wrong.Language is for the exchange of ideas, for communication.語言到底是用來干什么的呢?一些人認(rèn)為它是用來操練語法規(guī)則和學(xué)習(xí)一大堆單詞——而且單詞越長(zhǎng)越好。這個(gè)想法是錯(cuò)誤的。語言是用來交換思想，進(jìn)行交流溝通的!

2.The way to learn a language is to practice speaking it as often as possible.學(xué)習(xí)一門語言的方法就是要盡量多地練習(xí)說。

3.A great man once said it is necessary to dill as much as possible, and the more you apply it in real situations, the more natural it will become.一位偉人曾說，反復(fù)操練是非常必要的，你越多的將所學(xué)到的東西運(yùn)用到實(shí)際生活中，他們就變的越自然。

4.Listening and imitating should always go together.Use the LIP method!Listen-Imitate-Practice!

聽和模仿一定要同時(shí)做，使用“LIP”方法：聽、模仿、操練!

5.Use all your senses to learn English.You must hear English, read English, touch English, smell English, and taste

English.Feel English with your heart.Immerse yourself in this language.Begin to think in English.運(yùn)用一切感官學(xué)習(xí)英語。你必須聽英語、說英語、觸摸英語、聞?dòng)⒄Z，還要嘗嘗英語的味道。用心去感受英語。讓自己沉浸在這門語言當(dāng)中。學(xué)會(huì)用英語思考。

6.Relax!Be patient and enjoy yourself.Learning foreign languages is just a piece of cake.

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放輕松!要有耐心，并且享受英語帶來的樂趣!學(xué)習(xí)外語只不過是小菜一碟。

7.Rome wasn’t built in a day.Work harder and practice more.Your hardworking will be rewarded by God one day.God is equal to everyone!

冰凍三尺，非一日之寒。更加努力的學(xué)習(xí)，更加勤奮的操練，你所付出的一切將會(huì)得到上帝的報(bào)答，上帝是公平的。

8.Use a dictionary and grammar guide constantly.Keep a small English dictionary with you at all time.When you see a new word, look it up.Think about the word--use it.in your mind, in a sentence.經(jīng)常使用字典和語法指南。隨身攜帶一本小英文字典，當(dāng)你看到一個(gè)新字時(shí)就去查閱它，思考這個(gè)字——然后學(xué)著去用它，在你的心中，在一個(gè)句子里。

9.Try to think in English whenever possible.When you see something, think of the English word of it;

then think about the word in a sentence.一有機(jī)會(huì)就努力去用英文來思考。看到某事時(shí)，想想它的英文單詞;然后把它用到一個(gè)句子中去。

10.Practice tenses as much as possible.When you learn a new verb, learn its various forms.A thousand words will not leave so an deep impression as one deed.盡可能多的操練時(shí)態(tài)。學(xué)習(xí)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，要學(xué)習(xí)它的各種形態(tài)。千言萬語不如一個(gè)行動(dòng)

11.I would also like to learn more about the culture behind the language.When you understand the cultural background, you can better use the language.我想學(xué)習(xí)和了解更多關(guān)于語言背后的文化知識(shí)，當(dāng)你理解了文化背景，你就能更好地運(yùn)用語言。

12.Keep an English journal.Try to write a few sentences about your day and then blurt them out as many times as

possible before you go to sleep.This will teach you to “think” in English.This habit will also 2頁(yè)共2頁(yè)

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help you live a move organized and fruitful life.Besides, you will score higher on your composition exams!

堅(jiān)持寫英語日記。寫幾個(gè)句子描述一下你的一天，然后在睡覺前盡可能多地大聲操練。這個(gè)方法可以教會(huì)你用英語“思考”。這個(gè)習(xí)慣還可以幫助你生活得更有條理、更有成效。此外，考試時(shí)作文你也可以拿更高的分!

13.Choose materials that interest you!Reading about things that you like will naturally make learning more enjoyable

and efficient.Everything is easier if you enjoy doing it!

選擇讓你感興趣的資料!閱讀你喜歡的東西自然會(huì)使學(xué)習(xí)變得更愉快、更有效。你喜歡做，事情就會(huì)更容易!

14.Make your friends proud by teaching them some English sentences.You can become an excellent teacher through

tutoring your friends.Teaching is a great way to learn!Also remember, learning English can make people happier, feel younger and live longer!

教你的朋友們英語，讓他們感到驕傲。教朋友的過程中你會(huì)成為一名出色的老師。教學(xué)是學(xué)習(xí)的極好途徑!別忘了，英語學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)讓人更快樂、更年輕、活得更長(zhǎng)久!

15.Don’t be afraid to ask for help.The more times you ask for help, the more powerful your English will become.Never hesitate to ask!Learn as much as you can from as many different people as you can!An eager student will always find a teacher!

不要害怕尋求幫助。你請(qǐng)求別入幫越多的忙，你的英語就會(huì)越厲害。不要猶豫，盡管發(fā)問!盡可能從不同的人身上學(xué)到更多的東西!求知欲強(qiáng)的學(xué)生總是會(huì)找到老師!

16.Keep English constantly in your mind by listening, speaking of reading every day!Constant exposure will make it

much easier to master this language.If you review only once a week, you will have a hard time remembering what you’ve learned.每天聽，每天說，每天讀，讓英語時(shí)刻留在你腦中!持續(xù)的接觸會(huì)讓你更容易掌握這門語言。如果你只是一個(gè)星期復(fù)習(xí)一回，要記住你學(xué)的東西就太難了。

17.Keep a positive attitude about English.If you think of English as a burden, it will be one!3頁(yè)共3頁(yè)

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If you think of English as

fun and exciting, you will practice more often and make progress more quickly!

學(xué)英語要有積極的態(tài)度。如果你認(rèn)為英語是個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)，它就是個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)!如果你認(rèn)為英語有趣又刺激，你就會(huì)更經(jīng)常地練習(xí)，進(jìn)步得更快!

18.Learning any language takes a lot of effort, but never give up.We will hew out of the mountain of despair a stone

of hope!

世上沒有什么難事，只是看你做還是不做，不管其他如果你能吧翻譯碩士英語18黃金法則牢記心中，那么英語對(duì)于你來說就是

第二篇：2018年考研英語閱讀及翻譯備考技巧分享

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2018年考研英語閱讀及翻譯備考技巧分

享

重視外刊

這一點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)點(diǎn)英語考研團(tuán)隊(duì)非常強(qiáng)調(diào)外刊的閱讀，也為考研專門開設(shè)了外刊超精讀班和供大家討論的外刊超精讀討論版，而且我在很多場(chǎng)合都提過，但是很少學(xué)生會(huì)聽，畢竟外刊太難了，不如做模擬閱讀好，即使有學(xué)生當(dāng)時(shí)聽了，也未必能夠堅(jiān)持下來。我在這里再次重申，2018年的考生必須重視外刊，至少每周精讀1 —2篇核心外刊。今年英語考試與閱讀相關(guān)的題型全部選自于外刊，比如說《商業(yè)周刊》、《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家》、《哈佛商業(yè)評(píng)論》等等，如果平時(shí)不精讀的話，考試必然會(huì)看不懂。

堅(jiān)持超精讀

有句俗話叫做“傷其十指不如斷其一指”，很多學(xué)生說精讀太耗費(fèi)時(shí)間，不能練習(xí)做題速度，我想這種想法是錯(cuò)誤的，只有平時(shí)精讀，甚至是超精讀了，才能對(duì)文章從宏觀到微觀的把握，通過超精讀，把握文章的脈絡(luò)，尋找可能的考點(diǎn)，唯有這樣才能到考場(chǎng)上迅速判斷出考點(diǎn)，才能做到查讀，跳讀和略讀，從根本上節(jié)省時(shí)間，否則只能使你的做題速度越來越慢。比如說，今年閱讀理解的

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首先暑假初期，各位考生應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)英語語法有大概系統(tǒng)的了解，熟悉5種簡(jiǎn)單句型，三大從句以及特殊結(jié)構(gòu)，這樣我們才能在遇到翻譯真題時(shí)分清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，從而采取相應(yīng)的翻譯方法。如果有同學(xué)仍然沒有自己復(fù)習(xí)一遍語法，需要在復(fù)習(xí)翻譯前大致了解基本語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，作一個(gè)鋪墊。

在了解了基本的語法知識(shí)后，我們正式進(jìn)入復(fù)習(xí)。首先，我們的全部聯(lián)系要以真題為基礎(chǔ)，這一階段分析句子的范圍在1990-2004。在最初階段，一定不要盲目追求速度，我們可以一天只翻譯一個(gè)句子。但是這種翻譯并不是查出所有的詞語然后翻譯成句就草草了事，因?yàn)楹芏嗤瑢W(xué)基本是在“看”翻譯，看到一句話，在頭腦中思考一遍，思考出大概的翻譯內(nèi)容，然后就直接對(duì)照答案了，在這里想提醒各位考生，這種方式是很難進(jìn)步的，翻譯是一定要落實(shí)到筆頭的，只有寫出來才能發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的問題出在哪里。而且只“看”翻譯會(huì)給學(xué)生造成虛假的印象，認(rèn)為自己差不多都能翻譯出來，但實(shí)際上如果落實(shí)到筆頭就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很多語句并不通順，所以建議考生，如果想在翻譯上有進(jìn)步，一定要踏踏實(shí)實(shí)的寫下來，不要怕費(fèi)時(shí)間。

四步翻譯法

建議實(shí)行四步翻譯法，幫助你快速提高翻譯。

第三篇：2018年考研翻譯碩士備考方法介紹

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2018年考研翻譯碩士備考方法介紹

一、學(xué)習(xí)方法

1.參考書的閱讀方法

(1)目錄法：先通讀各本參考書的目錄，對(duì)于知識(shí)體系有著初步了解，了解書的內(nèi)在邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，然后再去深入研讀書的內(nèi)容。

(2)體系法：為自己所學(xué)的知識(shí)建立起框架，否則知識(shí)內(nèi)容浩繁，容易遺忘，最好能夠閉上眼睛的時(shí)候，眼前出現(xiàn)完整的知識(shí)體系。

(3)問題法：將自己所學(xué)的知識(shí)總結(jié)成問題寫出來，每章的主標(biāo)題和副標(biāo)題都是很好的出題素材。盡可能把所有的知識(shí)要點(diǎn)都能夠整理成問題。

2.學(xué)習(xí)筆記的整理方法

(1)通過目錄法、體系法的學(xué)習(xí)形成框架后，在仔細(xì)看書的同時(shí)應(yīng)開始做筆記，筆記在剛開始的時(shí)候可能會(huì)影響看書的速度，但是隨著時(shí)間的發(fā)展，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)筆記對(duì)于整理思路和理解課本的內(nèi)容都很有好處。

(2)做筆記的方法不是簡(jiǎn)單地把書上的內(nèi)容抄到筆記本上，而是把書上的內(nèi)容整理成為一個(gè)個(gè)小問題，按照題型來進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。

3.真題的使用方法

認(rèn)真分析歷年試題，做好總結(jié)，對(duì)于考生明確復(fù)習(xí)方向，確定復(fù)習(xí)范圍和重點(diǎn)，做好應(yīng)試準(zhǔn)備都具有十分重要的作用。

分析試題主要應(yīng)當(dāng)了解以下幾個(gè)方面：命題的風(fēng)格(如難易程度，是注重基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、應(yīng)用能力還是發(fā)揮能力，是否存在偏、難、怪現(xiàn)象等)、題型、題量、考試范圍、分值分布、考試重點(diǎn)、考查的側(cè)重點(diǎn)等。考生可以根據(jù)這些特點(diǎn)，有針對(duì)性地復(fù)習(xí)和準(zhǔn)備，并進(jìn)行一些有針對(duì)性的練習(xí)，這樣既可以檢查自己的復(fù)習(xí)效果，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的不足之處，以待改進(jìn);又可以鞏固所學(xué)的知識(shí)，使之條理化、系統(tǒng)化。

二、專業(yè)課復(fù)習(xí)特點(diǎn)

考研總的來說可以說是專業(yè)課的較量，公共課過線很容易，但是拿高分很難，專業(yè)課中

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基礎(chǔ)英語拿分較容易，而專業(yè)2則有一定的難度，需要下很大的工夫，才能獲得一個(gè)理想的分?jǐn)?shù)。

在基礎(chǔ)英語中，閱讀題并沒有太多的答題技巧，而在做翻譯題時(shí)的答題技巧則是這里想說的重中之重。眾所周之，翻譯方法可以被分為直譯和意譯兩種，這兩種方法本來就沒有好壞之分，在翻譯時(shí)，考生應(yīng)該根據(jù)具體的翻譯材料選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)姆g方法翻譯，北外的老師對(duì)于選取翻譯策略有一句經(jīng)典的評(píng)價(jià)就是：“能夠直譯的就盡量直譯，不能夠直譯的，就意譯。”

參考書方面：簡(jiǎn)單一句話，學(xué)校指定了書，就應(yīng)該按照學(xué)校指定的書看，而且不只要看，還要能背下來，雖然不是死記硬背，但是，基本的文章結(jié)構(gòu)你最好按書里的結(jié)構(gòu)來，把考點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)一一的總結(jié)出來。

答題方法方面：現(xiàn)在想強(qiáng)調(diào)一下翻譯理論的答題方法，最好采用先將主要理論家和流派的核心觀點(diǎn)答出，然后“拆解”主要觀點(diǎn)，對(duì)其進(jìn)行詳盡的闡述。詳細(xì)的說，就是要求你將題目中的概念準(zhǔn)確說明，最好加上一點(diǎn)自己的理解，不過要以原書為準(zhǔn)繩，把書上的點(diǎn)都說到了，在進(jìn)行自我的發(fā)揮，切記不可隨意發(fā)揮!最后一點(diǎn)就是書寫要工整，最好有條目，是閱卷老師一目了然。

三、專業(yè)課復(fù)習(xí)全年規(guī)劃

1、零基礎(chǔ)復(fù)習(xí)階段(6月)

本階段主要是對(duì)翻譯理論的流派有一個(gè)大體上的了解，形成一個(gè)總體的印象。對(duì)各本參考書有個(gè)系統(tǒng)性的了解，弄清每本書的章節(jié)分布情況，內(nèi)在邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，重點(diǎn)章節(jié)所在等，但不要求記住。

2、一階-基礎(chǔ)提高階段(7月-9月)

本階段主要用進(jìn)一步深入了解翻譯理論，對(duì)參考書完成

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調(diào)整心態(tài)，保持狀態(tài)，積極應(yīng)考。

四、各階段具體學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃——以北京外國(guó)語大學(xué)翻譯碩士為例

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幾遍才能徹底理解通過。

2.本階段學(xué)習(xí)重在理解，不需強(qiáng)制記憶，但一定要全面。

3.每本書每章節(jié)看完后最好自己能閉上書后列一個(gè)提綱，以此回憶內(nèi)容梗概，也方便以后看著提綱進(jìn)行提醒式記憶。

4.看進(jìn)度，卡時(shí)間。一定要防止看書太慢，遇到弄不懂的問題，要及時(shí)請(qǐng)教專業(yè)咨詢師或本校老師。

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1)新大綱復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃：新大綱一般在9月中旬出臺(tái)，具體復(fù)習(xí)會(huì)根據(jù)今年新大綱，編寫重難點(diǎn)知識(shí)講義，請(qǐng)一定要根據(jù)基礎(chǔ)階段的復(fù)習(xí)安排把參考書的知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行逐一突破。這時(shí)，完成最后一本指定書目的閱讀，并對(duì)重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)和歸納。專攻文言文翻譯，每周進(jìn)行一次文言文翻譯，并且每天讀一篇文言文翻譯。

2)鞏固計(jì)劃：強(qiáng)化階段一定要多做翻譯，多看翻譯文章，加強(qiáng)翻譯技能始終非常重要。

第四篇：翻譯碩士考研備考技巧之漢譯英中需注意的問題

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翻譯碩士考研備考技巧之漢譯英中需注

意的問題

漢英互譯中有很多需要我們理解和注意的事情，尤其在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化與西方文化間存在很大的差異，所以在漢英互譯中存在很多講究，有一些問題話語我們是不可以單純的站在一方角度去思考的?？缈夹【巺R總了關(guān)于漢英翻譯中常見的需要我們注意的四個(gè)問題，希望對(duì)大家的備考有所幫助。

一、不夠委婉的語氣

有時(shí)有人講話比較直率、唐突，直譯可能會(huì)使人感到不太客氣，甚至?xí)ФY。譯員應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)委婉說法，在翻譯時(shí)把握好語氣。但為外交斗爭(zhēng)需要而使用針鋒相對(duì)的語言除外。

例1 中國(guó)可作為貴國(guó)資源性產(chǎn)品的穩(wěn)定市場(chǎng)，同時(shí)中國(guó)的許多工業(yè)產(chǎn)品可滿足貴國(guó)市場(chǎng)的需要。直譯：Your resource-based products can find a stable market in China and Chinese industrial products can meet the needs of your market.這么直譯也許會(huì)讓人擔(dān)心，以為我們的工業(yè)品要去占領(lǐng)他們的市場(chǎng)。同樣的意思可以翻得更客氣一些。如：You may find a stable market in China for your primary products and may also get a number of industrial products from China to meet some of your needs.例2 我想向大家介紹一下你們所關(guān)心的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題。

直譯：I wish to talk on China’s economic development in which you are interested.這 樣翻譯，顯得講話者太肯定聽眾會(huì)對(duì)他所講內(nèi)容感興趣。盡管講話者知道聽眾是有興趣的，但說得客氣一點(diǎn)效果更好。可譯為：I would like to brief you on China’s economic development, which might be of interest to you.另外，我們打交道的人大多是上層人士，我們必須學(xué)會(huì)使用禮貌文雅的語言，否則，會(huì)產(chǎn)生距離、反感，從而失去朋友，有損我形象。

1974年，加拿大“白求恩紀(jì)念委員會(huì)”訪華代表團(tuán)中有一位團(tuán)員對(duì)我接待官員說，我方翻譯像警察，原因是那天早晨，翻譯到他房間對(duì)他說：You have breakfast at 8, get your luggage downstairs at 8:30 and leave here for the airport at 9.OK?語言簡(jiǎn)單、生硬、不禮貌，給外賓留下了不好的印象。建議對(duì)外賓說：Breakfast is at 8.Would you please get your luggage downstairs at 8:30?we are going to leave here for the airport at 9.曾有一位女翻譯招呼外賓時(shí)，大聲喊叫“Hello”而不知道 說：“Excuse me”，在宣布事情時(shí)總是：Attention please.而不是說：Ladies and Gentlemen, may I have your attention please.結(jié)果一位外賓對(duì)此感到不快，說：I don’t want to talk to that wild girl.要人幫忙時(shí)，我們時(shí)常會(huì)說：你能告訴我到×××地方怎么走嗎?你能說英語嗎?等。如果英文譯成：Can you tell me how to get to???Can you speak English?那將是很不客氣的問話。對(duì)方會(huì)以為你懷疑他的能力。因?yàn)橛⑽淖謈an表示能力。

如果改為could,含義就不同了?？梢宰g 為：Could you please tell me how to get??? Do you

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speak English?一個(gè)陌生人問你如何去某地時(shí)，你很可能傳說：“最好坐公共汽車去?！比鐚⑦@句話譯為You’d better take a bus,聽起來不夠禮貌。因?yàn)閅ou’d better??這個(gè)句型含有You have a duty to do something,或You have an obligation to?的意思。是一種命令語氣，常用于晚輩或下屬。因此，這樣翻譯不夠禮貌。這句話有許多客氣的表達(dá)方法。

如：I suggest you take a bus.It might be better to take a bus.Perhaps you might like to take a bus.Why not take a bus?

I think the best way is by bus.總之，我們翻譯工作者必須學(xué)會(huì)禮貌用語，委婉表達(dá)法。中國(guó)駐悉尼總領(lǐng)事段津在談到對(duì)外往的溝通藝術(shù)時(shí)曾介紹了一些禮貌用語。如：在對(duì)別人的意見表示不同看法時(shí)可以說：

I have to disagree with you, but I would think?或者Well, there’s a point in what you said, but ?對(duì)某件事表示不同意見時(shí)，可以說：Would it not be better if?請(qǐng)別人幫忙時(shí)，可以說：Could you do me a favour, 或者Excuse me ,I have a problem,?等等。在絕別人要求時(shí)，可以說：I am afraid it doesn’t work.或者I wonder whether it will work, but I’ll try my best.一些學(xué)識(shí)淵博、經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的外交官非常善于使用委婉客氣的語氣來 表達(dá)不同意見。譬如，一個(gè)外國(guó)代表團(tuán)在一次國(guó)際會(huì)議上，是這樣對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)際會(huì)議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職位侯選人的提名表示不同意見的。他說：“As an experienced Minister with a distinguished record of service, we are confident that he has all the attributes to be an outstanding president of this Conference?but I have to place before you some of the reservations that we have about this nomination.If I may, I will share with you some of our concerns.Such a presidency will be misread by those outside the ILO as signaling that?”

可以譯為：他是一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的部長(zhǎng)，并做出了出色的成 績(jī)。我們相信，他完全具有條件，可以成為一個(gè)杰出的會(huì)議主席。但是，我不是不陳述我們對(duì)于這一提名的保留意見。請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我向你們談?wù)勎覀兯P(guān)注的一些問題。這一主席的提名會(huì)被國(guó)際勞工組織以外的人誤解為發(fā)出一個(gè)??的信號(hào)?！边@位團(tuán)長(zhǎng)既清楚地表達(dá)了反對(duì)意見，但又講得非常委婉、客氣。這些表達(dá)方法很值得我們 學(xué)習(xí)、借鑒。

二、不合習(xí)慣的說法

不同的民族有不同的習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方法。一句話，一個(gè)詞，在一個(gè)國(guó)家表達(dá)的是好意，引起人們好的聯(lián)想和情感，在另一個(gè)國(guó)家轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)的可能是壞意，引起人們不好的聯(lián)想和情感。如果翻譯不注意，就有可能引起誤解或不快。而如果我們注意這些差異，在譯文中加以運(yùn)用，就可以收到較 好的效果。在翻譯不涉及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等重要問題，只涉及生活習(xí)慣、日常用語時(shí)，可以更靈活些，按照譯入語的習(xí)慣說法表達(dá)意思。1.見面問候

中國(guó)人見面時(shí)喜歡問：吃過了嗎? Have you had breakfast(lunch, supper)?到哪去?Where are you going?這都不是外國(guó)人在見面問候時(shí)會(huì)問的問題。如果見面就問外國(guó)人“到哪里”，人家會(huì)以為你要了解人家的私事，對(duì)你會(huì)產(chǎn)生反感。外國(guó)人喜歡問：“你好嗎?”這句話可以有不少表達(dá)方法，如How are you? How do you do ?How have you been doing? Hello!Hey!等。用哪一句來表達(dá)你的問候，取決于你與被問候人的關(guān)系密切程度?？傊?，這一類的問候語，直譯可能會(huì)讓人感到莫名其妙，還是按外國(guó)人的習(xí)慣翻譯較 好。

2、對(duì)病人的問候

中國(guó)人喜歡對(duì)病人深表同情。但外國(guó)人則輕易不愿表現(xiàn)出其弱的一面，對(duì)他們表達(dá)過分同情 2 頁(yè) 共 2 頁(yè)

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的話未必會(huì)收到好的效果。例如：中國(guó)人在聽說一個(gè)人生病后可能會(huì)說：得知貴體欠佳，深感不安和關(guān)切。直譯：I was rather disturbed by and concerned about your illness.但這樣翻譯會(huì)使感到病情很重，只能加重病人的顧慮，達(dá)不到安慰病人的目的。按照英文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，可譯為：I am sorry to hear about your illness and wish you a speedy recovery.這樣翻譯既表達(dá)了講話者的難過心情，又表達(dá)了希望病人盡快康復(fù)的愿望。

3、對(duì)待他人的表?yè)P(yáng)和感謝

在受到表?yè)P(yáng)或感謝時(shí)，中國(guó)人往往比較謙虛，會(huì)說：“這沒什么。”“這是我應(yīng)該做的?！被蛘?，“哪里，哪 里，我還做得很差?！比绻弊g：It is nothing.This is my duty.This is what I should do.Well, I have not done very well.There is still much to be improved.所有這些謙恭的話，在外國(guó)人聽起來，都會(huì)顯得做作。西方人通常會(huì)說：It’s my pleasure.Thank you for your kind words.I feel flattered.翻譯這些話時(shí)，宜根據(jù)西方的習(xí)慣來譯。

4、迎接外賓時(shí)

中國(guó)人迎接遠(yuǎn)道而來的客人時(shí)常常會(huì)說：“一路上辛苦了。累不累?”You must have been tired after the long flight(journey)而外國(guó)人喜歡在別人面前顯得年輕、有朝氣，不喜歡被人認(rèn)為體弱，或有疲勞感。因此，上述問候話直譯效果不好，可譯 成：How was the flight? Have you had a pleasant flight?或者You have had a long flight.三、動(dòng)詞使用不當(dāng)

英語動(dòng)詞往往有其特定的用法。如不熟悉，就會(huì)出錯(cuò)。以下僅舉兩例來說明動(dòng)詞的不同形態(tài)、類型。

例1 Welcome 中文中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)，“歡迎某人做某事”的句子，按中文語序翻譯這樣的句子，往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)中式英文。北京長(zhǎng)安街兩個(gè)大飯店門前大牌子上有兩條表示歡迎的大標(biāo) 語：“北京歡迎您”、“國(guó)際飯店歡迎您”。同時(shí)又用英語書寫了這兩條標(biāo)語的意思：Beijing Is Waiting for You(北京正等著您)和International Hotel Welcomes You.中國(guó)民航贈(zèng)送的挎包上曾印有中、英文的歡迎詞：歡迎乘坐中國(guó)民航，Welcome you to fly CAAC.英語中的“歡迎”通常使用”welcome"這個(gè)詞。

Welcome作動(dòng)詞時(shí)有兩種形式可用：動(dòng)詞+賓語，動(dòng)詞+賓語+副詞短語。習(xí)慣上可以譯為welcome somebody to somewhere,或welcome to a place.顯然上述譯法不符合這個(gè)英文詞的通常表達(dá)習(xí)慣。應(yīng)譯為：Welcome to Beijing, Welcome to International Hotel 和Welcome to fly CAAC。如要翻譯“歡迎貴國(guó)工商界人士到中國(guó)去投資”，不能譯為：We welcome people from the business community of your country to make investment in China.可譯為：i)People from the business community here in this country are welcome to make investment in China.或ii)We hope that people from the business community here in this country will go and invest in China.例2 Guide

Guide這個(gè)字只有兩種verb pattern適用它。即：動(dòng)詞+賓語；動(dòng)詞+賓語+副詞短語，動(dòng)詞+賓語+副詞性小品詞。如：“積極引導(dǎo)外資參與企業(yè)技改”一句，不能譯 為：Efforts will be made to guide foreign capital to go to the technological upgrading of enterprises.這不符合guide的習(xí)慣用法。它可以譯為：Efforts will be made to guide more foreign investment to the technical upgrading of enterprises

四、禁語的譯法

任何社會(huì)都會(huì)有一些要求大家遵循的行為準(zhǔn)則。如：公共場(chǎng)合 不準(zhǔn)吸煙、不準(zhǔn)亂扔果皮紙屑、不準(zhǔn)大聲喧嘩等。有些單位還根據(jù)本單位情況制定一些規(guī)則。如何翻譯禁語是需要注意的又一個(gè)重要問題。中文禁語比較嚴(yán)肅，用詞 直截了當(dāng)，以體現(xiàn)其法律效力。而外國(guó)人有 3 頁(yè) 共 3 頁(yè)

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時(shí)以比較婉轉(zhuǎn)的口吻表達(dá)同樣的意思。我們應(yīng)盡量以譯入語禁語的習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式來翻譯禁語，并力求簡(jiǎn)潔。請(qǐng)比較下述兩 例的兩種譯法，

第五篇：翻譯碩士英語

I.Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations，terminology or sentences into their target language respectively.There are altogether 20 items with one point for each, and 5 sentences with 2 points for each in this part of the test.(30 points)1.ICT 2.IPR 3.ISO 4.NCA 5.NDRC 6.NPC 7.LAD 8.SLA 9.CIF 10.CBD

11.郵政特快專遞

12.聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局 13.全球定位系統(tǒng) 14.東南亞國(guó)家聯(lián)盟 15.生物多樣性公約 16.氣象衛(wèi)星防衛(wèi)計(jì)劃 17.環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià) 18.歐洲聯(lián)盟 19.國(guó)際足球聯(lián)盟 20.全球環(huán)境基金 21.發(fā)展是硬道理。

22.沒有最好，只有更好。

23.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life, in the deaths of loved ones.24.Consumers look for the best values for what they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to sell.25.Being ignorant of laws and afraid of being exposed to the public, they resorted to setting the matter out of court.II.Directions: Translate the following three source texts into their target language respectively.If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese.If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English.(120 points)Source Text 1(30 points):

節(jié)日

同世界其他地區(qū)一樣，節(jié)日在中國(guó)是人們勤于烹調(diào)、飽享口福的時(shí)候。菜市場(chǎng)魚肉滿架，購(gòu)物和烹調(diào)成了人們的主要活動(dòng)。但是除了節(jié)慶膳食在數(shù)量和質(zhì)量上與平日不同之外，一些歷史悠久、具有象征意義的特色食物也是節(jié)日必不可缺的伴侶。例如，農(nóng)歷五月五日的端午節(jié)是為了紀(jì)念被昏庸君主貶官放逐而抱石投江自盡的古代詩(shī)人和忠臣屈原。最初人們將以竹葉包扎好的糯米粽子投入屈原自盡的那條江，以祭祀亡靈。今天，人們?cè)诙宋鐣r(shí)節(jié)舉行龍舟比賽，而粽子則由活生生的人來享用。農(nóng)歷八月十五日的中秋節(jié)是觀賞滿月的日子。圓圓的月亮象征著圓滿，進(jìn)而象征著家庭團(tuán)聚。中秋節(jié)的特制食品是一種圓形的月餅，內(nèi)含核桃仁、蜜餞、豆沙或蛋黃等食物。春節(jié)是中國(guó)的農(nóng)歷新年，春節(jié)的日期按農(nóng)歷而定，通常出現(xiàn)在公歷2月前半期的某一天。大吃大喝歷來是春節(jié)的主要內(nèi)容。除了常見的海鮮、家禽和肉類之外，人們還要按各自的地方習(xí)俗烹制一些傳統(tǒng)菜肴，例如北京的餃子、上海的八寶飯和廣州的米羹。全國(guó)各地都可以見到形態(tài)各異、口味不一的年糕。年糕這個(gè)詞里的“糕”字與“高”諧音，寓意來年“節(jié)節(jié)高”。Source Text 2(30 points):

An Inner Critic A physician starts playing a harsh mental tape in her head every time a new patient calls: What if I make the wrong diagnosis? I’m a terrible doctor.How did I get into medical school? An executive loses his job despite 25 productive years, he tells himself: I’m a loser.I can’t provide for my family, and I’ll never be able to do it again.If these real-life examples sound familiar, you may have a caustic commentary running in your head, too.Psychologists say many of their patients are plagued by a harsh Inner Critic—including some extremely successful people who think it’s the secret to their success.An Inner Critic can indeed roust you out of bed in the morning, get you on the treadmill and spur you to finish that book or symphony or invention.But the desire to achieve can get hijacked by harsh judgment and unrelenting fear.Unrelenting self-criticism often goes hand in hand with anxiety, and it may even predict depression.Self-criticism is also a factor in eating disorders, and body disorder—that is, preoccupation with one’s perceived physical flaws.Many people’s Inner Critic makes an appearance early in life and is such a constant companion that it’s part of their personality.Psychologists say that children, particularly those with a genetic predisposition to depression, may internalize and exaggerate the expectations of parents or peers or society.One theory is that self-criticism is anger turned inward, when sufferers are filled with hostility but too afraid and insecure to let it out.Other theories hold that people who scold themselves are acting out guilt or shame or subconsciously shielding themselves against criticism from others: You can’t tell me anything I don’t already tell myself, even in harsher terms.Techniques from cognitive behavioral therapy can be helpful in changing patterns of thought that have become painful.There are many patients, such as doctors, lawyers—who believed that if they didn’t flog themselves, they wouldn’t be successful.And part of psychologists’ work is to break through that belief by telling the patients that they usually succeed in spite of their Inner Critics, not because of them.Source Text 3(60 points):

The Linguistic System There are as many as three thousand languages which are spoken today.These languages are very different from each other.Indeed, it is primarily the fact that they are so different as to be mutually unintelligible that allows us to call them separate languages.A speaker of one of them, no matter how skillful and fluent, cannot communicate with a speaker of another unless one of them, as we say, “l(fā)earns the other’s language.” Yet these differences, great as they are, are differences of detail－of the kinds of sounds used and the ways of putting them together.In their broad outlines, in their basic principles, and even in the way they approach certain specific problems of communication, languages have a great deal in common.We are all intimately familiar with at least one language, yet few of us ever stop to consider what we know about it.The words of a language can be listed in a dictionary, but not all the sentences, and a language consists of these sentences as well as words.Speakers use a finite set of rules to produce and understand an infinite set of sentences.These rules comprise the grammar of a language, which is learned when you acquire the language.The grammar of a language includes the sound system, how words may be combined into phrases and sentences, and the way in which sounds and meanings are related.The sounds and meaning of words are related in an arbitrary fashion.That is, if you had never heard the word “grammar”, you would not, by its sounds, know what it meant.Language, then, is a system that relates sounds with meanings, and when you know a language, you know this system.This linguistic knowledge, or linguistic competence, is different from linguistic behavior, known as linguistic performance.If you woke up one morning and decided to stop talking, you would still have the knowledge of your language.If you do not know the language, you cannot speak it;but if you know the language, you may choose not to speak.Language is a tool of communication.But if language is defined merely as a system of communication, then language is not unique to humans.We know birds, bees, crabs, spiders, whales, and most other creatures communicate in some way.However, there are certain characteristics of human language not found in the communication systems of any other species.A basic property of human language is its creative aspect －a speaker’s ability to combine the basic linguistic units to form an infinite set of “well-formed”, or grammatical, sentences, most of which are novel, never before produced or heard.The grammar of human language can generate infinite messages, a property unique to the human species.