第一篇：商務(wù)合同相關(guān)翻譯對照-譯國譯民公司

商務(wù)合同相關(guān)翻譯對照

-譯國譯民翻譯公司

看了之后明白了很多英文“之乎者也”所對應(yīng)的現(xiàn)代文，對合同 英語 的結(jié)構(gòu)和特色也有了大概的了解。值得一看。

Contract 與 Agreement的有無區(qū)別

在英語中，合同一般稱為Contract，協(xié)議一般稱為Agreement。

何謂“contract”?

1999年中國《合同法》第二條對contract定義為： A contact in this Law refers to an agreement establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations

between subjects of equal footing, that is, between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations”。根據(jù)這一定義，合同平等主體之間設(shè)立的確定民事權(quán)利和義務(wù)的協(xié)議。，Steven H.Gifts編著的“Law Dictionary”中將contract 定義為“contract is a promise, or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the

which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”根據(jù)這一定義，合同是一種承諾，違反承諾可以得到法律救助，某種意義上法律將履行該承諾看作是一種補(bǔ)償。

L.B Curzon 在其編撰的字典“A Dictionary of Law”給contract的定義：“Contract is a legally binding agreement”根據(jù)這一定義，合同就是有法律約束力的協(xié)議。

綜合起來，有一個(gè)相同點(diǎn)，就是“Contract is an agreement”，即可將合同說成是“An agreement which binds the parties concerned”或者說合同說成是“An agreement which is enforceable by law”，也可以說：Contracts are promises that the law will enforce。

何謂“Agreement”?

L.B “A consensus of mind, or evidence of such consensus, in spoke or written form, relating to anything done or to be done.”

根據(jù)這一定義，協(xié)議是對已經(jīng)做或準(zhǔn)備做的相關(guān)事宜，經(jīng)過談判、協(xié)商后取得一致意見，以口頭或書面形式做出的約定。

Black “Law Dictionary”有兩個(gè)定義。一個(gè)是：“A concord of understanding and intention between two or more parties with respect to the effect upon their relative rights

and duties, of certain past or future facts or performance”根據(jù)這一定義，協(xié)議即雙方或多方京某些過去或?qū)砟承┦聦?shí)的相關(guān)權(quán)利、義務(wù)或相關(guān)權(quán)利、義務(wù)的履行而達(dá)成的一致理解和愿望。

另一個(gè)是：“The consent of two or more persons concurring respecting the transmission of some property, right or benefits，with the view of contacting an obligation, a mutual obligation.”根據(jù)這一定義，協(xié)議即兩個(gè)或多個(gè)當(dāng)事人，為了約定單方責(zé)任或相互責(zé)任，就財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利、利益的轉(zhuǎn)移取得的一致同意。

Contract(合同)和Agreement(協(xié)議)是不是可以互換呢?

合同的成立必須具備幾個(gè)主要因素。它們(要約和承諾構(gòu)成的)協(xié)議、約因、設(shè)立法律關(guān)系的愿望和締約能力四大部分組成。

L.B Curzon編著的“A Diction of Law”提到：“Contract generally involves”

1.offer and absolute and unqualified acceptance(要約和絕對接受)

2.consensus ad idem(意思表示一致，也叫meeting of minds)

3.intention to create legal relations(建立合同關(guān)系的意愿)

4.genuineness of consent(同意的真實(shí)性)

5.contractual capacity of the parties(合同當(dāng)事人的締約能力)

6.legality of object(標(biāo)的物的合法性)

7.possibility of performance(履行的可能性)

8.certainty of terms(條款 的確定性)

9.valuable consideration(等價(jià)有償)

Black＇Law Dictionary“ 中解釋道：Although often used as synonyms with ”contract“, agreement is a broader term, e.g.an agreement might lack an essential element of a contact.”

即“協(xié)議”和“合同”經(jīng)常用作同義詞，但“協(xié)議”這一 術(shù)語 含義更廣，例如協(xié)議可能缺乏合同的必備 條款(essential clauses/provisions)。

實(shí)際使用當(dāng)中，協(xié)議可不受必備條款的限制，而稱為合同的文體肯定少不了必備條款，有的合同將其單列，稱為一般條款(General provisions)。，1999中國《合同法》第十二條 規(guī)定 了八項(xiàng)一般條款，分別是：

1.title or name and domicile of the parities(當(dāng)事人的名稱或姓名和住址)

2.contract object(標(biāo)的)

3.quantity(數(shù)量)

4.quality(質(zhì)量)

5.price or remuneration(價(jià)款或者報(bào)酬)

6.time limit, place and method of performance(履行期限、地點(diǎn)和方式)

7.liability for breach of contract(違約責(zé)任)

8.methods to settle disputes(解決爭議的方法)

上述解釋說明，contract(合同)和agreement(協(xié)議)的概念雖然接近，但使用范圍不同，不能互換使用。合同是協(xié)議的重要組成部分，所有合同一定是協(xié)議，而協(xié)議不見得都是合同?？梢哉f具備合同成立要求的具有強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行力的協(xié)議才是合同。

結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)

合同類法律文件用以 規(guī)定 當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利與義務(wù)，是預(yù)防與解決爭議的依據(jù)。合同英語行文縝密而準(zhǔn)確，歷史悠久，深含法律文化底蘊(yùn)。

中文的合同開頭一般先羅列當(dāng)事人的名稱、姓名、住所或營業(yè)場所，然后是合同正文，結(jié)尾是當(dāng)事人印章、授權(quán)代表簽字、職務(wù)及簽字日期。而英語合同一般以下面這類句式為開頭：

This agreement/contract is made and entered in to this ____ day of _____(month), _______(year)by and between Party A(hereinafter

called “ Party A ”)and Party B(hereinafter called “ Party B ”)

然后是開始陳述：

WHEREAS?THEREFORE

? It is hereby agreed as follows:

或以：

WITNESSETH, WHEREAS?

NOW THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows:

接著是正文，最后是證明部分：

IN WITNESS WHEREOF，the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and years first above written.隨后還包括當(dāng)事人和見證人的簽字。簽字日期一般在英文合同最搬弄是非是找不到的。

下面列出新加坡、美國、香港和日本的合同格式。

A.新加坡

Agreement

THIS AGREEMENT is made the 9th day of August, 2001 between LUCKY INTERNATIONAL LTD, a company incorporated in

Singapore and having its registered office at Telek Blongar Rise, Singapore 19569(hereinafter called “The Company”)

of the part and JACK Wong(NRIC No._________ /A)of 108 Orchar Road, Singapore 01688(hereinafter called “The Manager”)of the other part.WHEREAS:

1.The company is engaged in IT business and requires a person with the necessary qualifications and experience to manage its business.2.?.NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED as follows:

1.The company shall employ the Manager and the Manager shall serve the Company as manager of the Company’s IT business for a period of two years commencing on 1st day of September

2.?.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have set their hand the day and year first above written.THE SCHEDULE ABOVE REFERRED TO...

第二篇：商務(wù)合同中長句的翻譯技巧-譯國譯民翻譯公司

商務(wù)合同中長句的翻譯技巧

-譯國譯民翻譯公司

英文合同中使用的大量長句，主要分為三大類：簡單長句、復(fù)合長句和并列長句。在翻譯這些長句時(shí)，首先要正確理解各種相關(guān)成分的邏輯關(guān)系，然后再適當(dāng)切分，理出句子的主干成分。最后再按漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，變動語序，重新組合。這樣才能連貫、準(zhǔn)確、清晰地予以表達(dá)。今天我們就先說一下簡單長句和并列長句的翻譯。

一、簡單長句及其翻譯

在翻譯英文商務(wù)合同中的簡單長句時(shí)，首先要正確理解各種相關(guān)成分的邏輯關(guān)系；然后再適當(dāng)切分，理出句子的主干成分，翻譯時(shí)以句子的主干為主導(dǎo)；最后再按漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，變動語序，重新組合。這樣才能連貫、準(zhǔn)確、清晰地予以表達(dá)。下面舉三個(gè)簡單長句翻譯的例子來說明：

1．The Buyers may，within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination，lodge a claim against the sellers for short-weight being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor.這是一個(gè)簡單長句，其主干為The Buyers may?lodge a claim?。

修飾謂語動詞的狀語有三個(gè)，a.分別表示時(shí)間within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination

b.方式being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor和

c.目的for short-weight

而且狀語中還有狀語，作定語的分詞issued還有自己的狀語by a reputable public surveyor。

眾多狀語，盡管在英語中的位置十分靈活，然而按照漢語的行文規(guī)范，方式狀語一般應(yīng)位于動詞之前；而有些狀語在譯文中可以靈活處理，例如本句中的時(shí)間狀語，可以提前至句首。因此，上句可譯成：貨物抵達(dá)目的港15天內(nèi)，買方可以憑有信譽(yù)的公共檢驗(yàn)員出示的檢驗(yàn)證明向賣方提出短重索賠。

2.Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract，the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export port.此句的主干為?the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price?to the Seller，其中含有一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract。

從語用的角度來看，商務(wù)合同中許多時(shí)間狀語表示的是某一締約方必須在何時(shí)何地承擔(dān)某一義務(wù)和享有某一種權(quán)利，即時(shí)效性。因此整個(gè)句子的重心不是句子的動詞，而是發(fā)生動作的時(shí)間。

在譯成中文時(shí)，為了突出行為的時(shí)效性，時(shí)間狀語應(yīng)盡量靠近表示義務(wù)責(zé)任的關(guān)鍵詞“須”。此句中還含有一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的方式狀語by opening an

irrevocable L/C?，其中含有三個(gè)介詞短語作定語修飾an irrevocable L/C。按照漢語的行文規(guī)范，方式狀語一般應(yīng)位于動詞之前。

此外，若動詞同時(shí)帶有時(shí)間狀語和方式狀語時(shí)，英文的通常順序是方式在前，時(shí)間在后，而漢語卻正好與之相反，為方式在后，時(shí)間在前。因此本句可譯成：

買方須于本合同簽字并生效后30天內(nèi)通過出口地銀行開立以賣方為收益人的不可撤銷信用證支付全部貨款計(jì)30 000美元。

3.The Equipment and Material shall be carefully and properly packed in the best and stable condition according to the figures and characteristics of the Equipment and Material so as to withstand long-distance sea and inland transportation and numerous handlings.此句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)并不復(fù)雜但包含一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的方式狀語。從語用特征的角度來看，方式狀語通常都是規(guī)定性的，其作用是規(guī)定合約方履行某項(xiàng)義務(wù)必須采取的方式或手段，在合同的語言環(huán)境下，即使有關(guān)締約方履行了合同規(guī)定的義務(wù)，但若其履行義務(wù)的方式與合同規(guī)定的方式不符，乃構(gòu)成違約。因此，方式狀語的作用通常都是比較重要的。本句可譯成：

設(shè)備和原料須根據(jù)其形狀和特點(diǎn)以完善而牢固的方式精心妥當(dāng)?shù)匕b，包裝須適合于長途海、陸運(yùn)輸，能經(jīng)受多次裝卸。

二、并列長句及其翻譯

由于撰寫合同時(shí)不能遺漏任何可能情況，所以英文商務(wù)合同中往往有大量并列成分。這些并列成分包括并列的詞、短語以及從句。從語用角度看，并列的平行結(jié)構(gòu)使合同的句式平衡，表意完整。在翻譯由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列單句構(gòu)成的復(fù)雜長句時(shí)可以采用分句譯法。并列長句的分句之間的語義關(guān)系比較松散，因此翻譯時(shí)可以斷開，分解成單句獨(dú)立存在。例如：

The Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Seller for compensation of losses within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination，should the quality of the goods be found not in conformity with the specifications stipulated in the Contract after re-inspection by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau and the Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Sellers for compensation of short-

weight within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination，should the weight be found not in conformity with that stipulated in the Bill of Lading after re-inspection by the CCIB.此句由兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相同的并列分句組成，均為主句在前，條件狀語在后，在兩個(gè)條件狀語中均含有時(shí)間狀語，此外，兩個(gè)并列分句中也都含有時(shí)間狀語，均為within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination，譯成中文時(shí)，條件狀語應(yīng)分別置于主句之前，而所有的時(shí)間狀語均放在各自修飾的動詞的前面。同時(shí)，為了符合漢語句式較短的特點(diǎn)，可以將兩個(gè)并列分句斷開，分解成兩個(gè)單句，即譯成：

若貨物經(jīng)中國商品檢驗(yàn)局復(fù)檢后發(fā)現(xiàn)質(zhì)量與本合同之規(guī)定不符，買方有權(quán)于貨物抵達(dá)目的港后的60天內(nèi)向賣方提出索賠。若經(jīng)中國商品檢驗(yàn)局復(fù)檢發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物質(zhì)量與提單所示重量不符，買方有權(quán)于貨物抵達(dá)目的港后的60天內(nèi)向賣方提出短重索賠。

第三篇：英文求職信-譯國譯民翻譯公司

英文求職信

During the past then years, my experience has been concentrated in the masonry and plastering products supply industry with a building materials firm.During my six years as General Manager, I took an old line business, which had undergone several years of poor management, and reversed the trend.I upgraded the firm's image, and customer and vendor relations, which subsequently increased the dollar volume and bottom line profits by 300%.My employment background consists of twelve years at the Deaconess Hospital, where I provide a wide range of administrative, financial, and research support to the Chief Executive Officer.I have a strong aptitude for working with numbers and extensive experience with computer software applications.YOU REQUIRE: I OFFER:

A college degree A Bachelors degree in English from Long Island University

Fluency in Italian and French Fluency in Italian, German, and French

Office experience Experience as a receptionist at a busy accounting firm

Typing skills Accurate typing at 60WPM

Willingness to travel Willingness to travel

My work experience and my scholastic endeavors have thoroughly prepared me for employment in a firm that specializes in various segments of law.This fall and past summer, I have been working for a small general practice firm where I am entrusted with a great deal of responsibility.I write appellate briefs, memoranda in corporate, contract, and criminal law, and I draft complaints and answers.I also actively participate in attorney-client conferences by questioning clients and by

describing how the law affects the clients' suits.I offer extensive knowledge of five computer languages and strong management, sales, and sales support experience.As a Computer Specialist, I was responsible for the management of a center handling the complete line of Honeywell computers and peripherals for home and commercial use.In addition to a B.S.degree in Business Administration, I will receive a certificate in Programming this May.Please note that I am currently completing my senior year at North Dakota University and will receive my B.S.degree with a major in accounting and a

concentration in computer programming in May.Throughout school, and during full-time and part-time employment, I have continued to strengthen my focus in these areas.In addition, I have excellent problem-solving skills and feel that, if given the opportunity, I would be an immediate as well as a long-term asset to your firm.I am presently a senior in good standing at New York University, due to graduate in May.I am pursuing a Bachelor of Arts degree with a major in Journalism and a minor in both Economics and English literature am proficient in both WordPerfect and Microsoft Word for Windows, and am familiar with both IBM and Apple operating systems.I am presently working as a Research Intern for the Economics Division of Trade winds Publishing in Newark.I have six years of experience, two as an apprentice and four as a licensed electrician, handling all kinds of electrical installations, working with electrical

contractors, and as a subcontractor.Presently I am investigating new opportunities in which to apply my education and experience with a well established company.I am capable of working independently or as a member of a team and feel confident of my ability to provide quality performance in any assignment that I undertake.During the past fourteen years, my experience has ranged from senior auditor with Keane & Co.Peripherals to my current position as Vice-President/Controller of a $90 million, multi-plant CD-ROM manufacturing operation.I believe that my expertise and entrepreneurial insight can be utilized to the advantage of a growing enterprise with a need for effective and efficient financial management and cost control.As you will note, I have fifteen years of educational and media experience.I am proficient in the operation of a wide variety of photographic, video, and audio equipment.I am regularly responsible for processing, duplicating

第四篇：翻譯商業(yè)計(jì)劃書-譯國譯民

翻譯商業(yè)計(jì)劃書

-譯國譯民翻譯公司

項(xiàng)目商業(yè)計(jì)劃書，是為企業(yè)的項(xiàng)目融資、戰(zhàn)略合作等提供的高質(zhì)量的正規(guī)商業(yè)文件，由中商情報(bào)網(wǎng)專家團(tuán)隊(duì)編制。計(jì)劃書嚴(yán)格按照國際通行慣例，針對企業(yè)的項(xiàng)目特點(diǎn)和實(shí)際需求，凸顯翻譯項(xiàng)目的投資和實(shí)施優(yōu)勢，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)項(xiàng)目自有的商業(yè)模式和盈利模式，可以幫助翻譯項(xiàng)目主辦方，向投資人或戰(zhàn)略合作對象全面展示企業(yè)或項(xiàng)目的目前狀況和未來發(fā)展?jié)摿?。?jì)劃書著重關(guān)注技術(shù)與產(chǎn)品、管理團(tuán)隊(duì)、行動計(jì)劃、經(jīng)營目標(biāo)、財(cái)務(wù)分析、投資回報(bào)等。整個(gè)計(jì)劃書市場調(diào)研充分、資料說明有力、財(cái)務(wù)分析透徹，能夠幫助翻譯項(xiàng)目主辦方達(dá)到招商融資或其它發(fā)展目標(biāo)。

中商情報(bào)網(wǎng)是國內(nèi)最早開展金融咨詢服務(wù)的公司之一，擁有近十年的行業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，積累了大量的成功案例，綜合服務(wù)優(yōu)勢突出。中商智業(yè)和國家統(tǒng)計(jì)部門、各主要行業(yè)協(xié)會長期保持良好關(guān)系，擁有暢通的數(shù)據(jù)采集渠道，目前擁有1000多個(gè)行業(yè)從1998年至今年完整的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)和市場調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，其內(nèi)容包括行業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)、進(jìn)出口數(shù)據(jù)、價(jià)格數(shù)據(jù)、主要企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)。中商智業(yè)優(yōu)秀的行業(yè)分析能力得到客戶高度認(rèn)可，眾多研究結(jié)論被國內(nèi)主流財(cái)經(jīng)媒體引用。我們的信息采集優(yōu)勢使我們能高質(zhì)量完成商業(yè)計(jì)劃書的行業(yè)、市場分析和競爭分析部分。根據(jù)項(xiàng)目的投資額度、所屬行業(yè)和語言版本，實(shí)行梯形定價(jià)方法，科學(xué)合理。涵蓋機(jī)械裝備、電子信息、石油化工、能源、冶金、農(nóng)業(yè)、食品、輕工、交通運(yùn)輸、醫(yī)藥、醫(yī)療等行業(yè)項(xiàng)目。

本計(jì)劃書主要有以下幾大用途：

一、獲得VC/PE投資

二、獲得政府資金投入

三、獲得銀行貸款

四、實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)并購

五、規(guī)劃公司和項(xiàng)目

翻譯商業(yè)計(jì)劃書編制有相對固定的格式，包括反映投資商所有感興趣的內(nèi)容，從企業(yè)成長經(jīng)歷、產(chǎn)品服務(wù)、市場營銷、管理團(tuán)隊(duì)、股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)、組織人事、財(cái)務(wù)、運(yùn)營到融資方案。是企業(yè)或項(xiàng)目單位為了達(dá)到招商融資和其它發(fā)展目標(biāo)之目的，在經(jīng)過對項(xiàng)目調(diào)研、分析以及搜集整理有關(guān)資料的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)一定的格式和內(nèi)容的具體要求，向投資商及其他相關(guān)人員全面展示企業(yè)項(xiàng)目目前狀況及未來發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ臅娌牧?商業(yè)計(jì)劃書是包括項(xiàng)目籌融資、戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃等經(jīng)營活動的藍(lán)圖與指南，也是企業(yè)的行動綱領(lǐng)和執(zhí)行方案。

第五篇：上海譯國譯民翻譯公司成長歷史

上海譯國譯民翻譯公司成長歷史

上海譯國譯民翻譯服務(wù)有限公司，成立于2003年2月27日，中國翻譯協(xié)會理事單位和美國翻譯協(xié)會會員單位，中國的十大翻譯公司之一。公司致力于消除語言障礙，創(chuàng)造溝通價(jià)值，讓多語種翻譯和跨國溝通像泡茶一樣簡單，從而讓您輕松應(yīng)對國際語言環(huán)境，暢享全球化帶來的種種便利。

上海譯國譯民作為全球化時(shí)代多語言處理解決方案的首選供應(yīng)商，在北京、上海、廣州、深圳、重慶設(shè)有翻譯服務(wù)中心，是一家全國連鎖的專業(yè)翻譯服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)。為多家世界500強(qiáng)企業(yè)提供翻譯服務(wù)?，F(xiàn)有專職翻譯師、譯審、項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理、桌面排版工程師共50余人。小語種外協(xié)譯員多達(dá)2000余名，可以處理包括英語、日語、韓語、俄語、德語、法語、意大利語、西班牙語、葡萄牙語等在內(nèi)的近70個(gè)語種的筆譯和口譯工作。擁有專業(yè)同傳設(shè)備和VCD翻譯,配音設(shè)備，并與北外、上外、南大等高校副教授以上的高級翻譯人員保持著長期的合作關(guān)系，注重提高翻譯服務(wù)質(zhì)量，努力打造翻譯公司行業(yè)品牌，外語通的使命就是為您掃除語言和文化障礙，成為您全球化道路上值得信賴的合作伙伴。

為了保證翻譯質(zhì)量，對整個(gè)翻譯和本地化過程進(jìn)行有效控制和管理，我們基于ISO9000質(zhì)量管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和LISA QA模型(LISA QA Model)以及其它一些翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制訂了我們內(nèi)部的質(zhì)量管理控制程序，對整個(gè)翻譯和本地化流程進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的劃分和優(yōu)化，精確控制每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)和最終質(zhì)量。專業(yè)的翻譯質(zhì)量、誠實(shí)的工作態(tài)度、良好的心理素質(zhì)、完美的理想追求、全面的服務(wù)，是譯國譯民的目標(biāo)。不斷超越自己、追求更高要求，是譯國譯民在以后的工作的主要方向。

隨著廣大客戶對外語通的認(rèn)知和信任，譯國譯民公司的影響和知名度日益擴(kuò)大，衷心希望我們與越來越多的客戶接觸，并建立長期友好的合作關(guān)系。