第一篇：美國概況地理人文

The United States of America

美國概況

Geography 美國地理

I.Location and Size A.Name a.the United States of America b.the United States c.the U.S.d.America B.Location The continental United States lies in central North America with Canada(加拿大)to its north, Mexico(墨西哥)and the Gulf of Mexico(墨西哥灣)to its south, the Atlantic Ocean(大西洋)to its east and the Pacific Ocean(太平洋)to its west.The two newest states Alaska(阿拉斯加)and Hawaii(夏威夷)are separated from the continental United States: Alaska borders on northwestern Canada, and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.C.Benefit of its location The United States has an ideal location for trade.Its Atlantic coast faces the developed countries of Western Europe and its Pacific coast and Hawaii give the nation an approach to the Far East(遠(yuǎn)東)and Australasia(澳大利西亞).In the past the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans served as natural barriers between the United States and the rest of the world.This allowed the United States to grow and become strong with little outside interference.Today with the development of the means of communication and transportation the world has become smaller and the United States is well connected to the rest of the world.D.Land area a.The U.S.has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers.It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia, Canada and China.b.The U.S.is a federal republic with many states.48 states +Alaska +Hawaii(1959)Alaska: largest Rhode Island: smallest Texas: the largest on the main land Ⅱ.Topography——The Face of the Land A.Two mountain ranges 兩大山脈

a.the Appalachian mountains/ the Appalachians 阿巴拉契亞山脈 走向：from the northeast to southwest older, lower noted for forests and mines seven different local names:

阿巴拉契亞山脈在不同地區(qū)的七個(gè)名稱： the Green Mountains 格林山脈 the White Mountains 懷特山脈 the Catskills

卡茨基爾山脈 the Alleghenies

阿勒格民山脈 the Cumberlands

坎伯蘭山脈 the Blue Ridge mountains 藍(lán)山山脈 the Great Smokies

大霧山脈

b.the Rocky mountains/ the Rockies 落基山脈 走向：from the northwest of southeast younger, higher——as young as the Himalayas 喜瑪拉雅山脈

——the highest peak: the Elbert 坎爾伯特峰

Known as ①the backbone of the North American continent 北美大陸的脊梁

②the Continental Divide 大陸分水嶺

The tops of the Rocky Mountain chain form the imaginery north-south line known as the Continental Divide.It separates the major river systems of the United States.The rivers that descend from the eastern slopes of the Rockies flow into the Mississippi and the Gulf of Mexico.Those that begin on the western slopes of the Rockies flow to the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California.B.Rivers and Lakes a.Rivers ① The Mississippi 密西西比河

The Mississippi, lying between the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky Mountains is one of the world’s great continental rivers.The Mississippi proper(干流)rises in the lake region in North Minnesota(明尼蘇達(dá)州北部)and flows south to the Gulf of Mexico.It is 3,782 kilometres long.②The Missouri 密蘇里河

the chief headstream of the Mississippi The Missouri rises in southwest Montana among the Rocky mountains.It runs 3,725 kilometres before it joins the Mississippi at St.Louis.③The Ohio 俄亥俄河

It flows from the rainy east at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and joins the Mississippi at Cairo, Illinois.It is about 1,500 kilometres long.The Ohio River has been called the American Ruhr(after the Ruhr River 魯爾河in Germany).As in Germany, the area along the river is rich in valuable deposits of high-grade coking coal and is well-known for its steel industry.The river provides cheap water transportation for raw materials.④The Colorado 科羅拉多河

⑤The Columbia 哥倫比亞河：rises in Canada The Colorado River rises in the snow-capped Rocky Mountains.It flows 2,330 kilometres and empties into the Gulf of California(加利福尼亞灣).In the dry western country, both rivers are vital sources of life.The Colorado drains an enormous area.All the farms and cities of the southwestern corner of the country depend on its water.Today a system of dams have been built on the river to supply water and electricity for farms, factories and homes.⑥The Rio Grande River 格蘭德河

The Rio Grande River rises in the southern Rocky mountains and flows to the Gulf of Mexico.It is about 3,200 kilometres long and forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States.⑦The Hudson 哈得孫河 ⑧The Potomac 波托馬克河 b.Lakes The Great Lakes(五大湖區(qū))：They are all located between Canada and the U.S.except Lake Michigan.①Lake Superior 蘇必利爾湖：the largest fresh water lake in the world 全世界第一大淡水湖

② Lake Michigan 密歇根湖：the only one entirely in the U.S.③ Lake Huron 休倫湖 ④ Lake Erie

伊利湖 ⑤ Lake Ontario 安大略湖

The Importance of the Great Lakes 五大湖的重要性

These lakes are joined together by canals and are linked to the Mississippi River and its tributaries in the Interior Plains and the Atlantic Ocean forming a complete system of waterways.The Great Lakes are the economic lifeline of the Midwest.They provide cheap transportation for materials such as iron ore, coal, and grain.The upper lakes region is a land of great natural wealth, whereas the lower lakes region is a land of industries.The cheap and easy transportation between these two regions is of great importance.C.Benefits of the topography of U.S.The United States is a varied land of forests, deserts, mountains, plateaus and fertile plains.①The long and irregular seacoasts provide many excellent harbours.②The mountains are rich in mineral resources.③The fertile gently rolling plains are easy to cultivate.④A large network of lakes and the Atlantic and Gulf rivers links the interior of the country with the coastal cities.⑤Many swift rivers provide good sources of hydroelectric power.The United States is a large country, but no single part of it is isolated from other parts.The topography and the excellent system of internal transportation have made possible the free exchange of goods among all sections of the country.With the increased use of automobiles and airplanes, people now travel easily from one part of the country to another.Ⅲ.Climate 氣候

A.Six types of climate ① the humid continental climate 濕潤的大陸性氣候

in the north-eastern part of the country(New England)② the humid subtropical climate 濕潤的亞熱帶氣候

in the south-eastern part ③ the continental steppe climate 大陸性草原氣候

the Great Plains ④ the continental desert climate 大陸性沙漠氣候

the inter mountain region ⑤ the maritime climate 海洋性氣候

the Pacific northwest ⑥ the Mediterranean climate 地中海式氣候

the southern part of the Pacific coast in California B.Factors influence the climate of the U.S.Many factor beside latitude influence the climate in the United States.Large bodies of water such as the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, the Gulf of Mexico and the Great Lakes are the most important factors.They keep temperatures moderate in the regions bordering them.Ocean currents also influence the climate over wide regions.The Gulf stream(墨西哥灣暖流), the Labrador Current(拉布拉多寒流), the cool California Current(加利福尼亞寒流)and the Japan current(日本暖流)are the most important ones.The mountain ranges are another factor.For example, the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges prevent westerly winds from bringing moisture to the intermountain region of the West.Ⅳ.Geographical Regions 地理區(qū)劃

Traditionally from the east to west the United States can be divided into seven geographical regions.They are New England, the Middle Atlantic states, the Midwest, the South, the Great Plains, Rockies and Intermountain region or the American West, the Pacific Coast and the New States.①New England 新英格蘭

——The birthplace of America 美國的發(fā)源地 ——Famous for its position in education: Yale 耶魯大學(xué) Harvard 哈佛大學(xué)

the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)麻省理工學(xué)院

——New Englanders were originally known as Yankees(楊基佬), which came to stand for all Americans.②The Middle Atlantic States 大西洋中部各州 ——a highly industrialized area the nerve centre of the country 全國的神經(jīng)中樞 ——Famous cities: Washington D.C., New York ③The Midwest 中西部

——It’s America’s most important agricultural area

It is also a major manufacturing region and the nation’s leading centre of heavy industry.——Chicago 芝加哥

Detroit 底特律: the automobile capital of the world Toledo and Cleveland 托萊多和克利夫蘭（俄亥俄州）

St.Louis 圣·路易絲

Omaha 奧馬哈：the agricultural capital of the United States ④The South 南部

——rich in mineral resources ——one of the richest oil-producing regions in the world ——Florida 佛羅里達(dá)

⑤The American West 美國西部 ——3 parts: the Great Plains

the Rocky Mountains

the Intermountain Basin and Plateaus ——Colorado 科羅拉多：the steel city of the west Denver 丹佛

——Mining is the chief industry in the Rocky Mountains.Another important industry is the tourist trade(旅游業(yè))National Parks: 國家公園

①Yellowstone National Park: 黃石國家公園 ②Rocky Mountain National Park: 落基山國家公園 ③Glacier National Park: 冰川國家公園 ——Hoover Dam 胡佛水壩

——the Grand Canyon 科羅拉多大峽谷

⑥The region of the Pacific Coast 太平洋沿岸地區(qū) ——California’s Imperial Valley 帝國山谷 ——Los Angeles 洛杉磯

San Francisco 舊金山 Portland 波特蘭 Seattle 西雅圖 ⑦Alaska and Hawaii ——Geographical differences between Alaska and Hawaii a.Alaska extends northward into the Arctic Circle, and Hawaii extends southward into the Tropic of Cancer.b.Alaska has the largest land area of all the states, and Hawaii has one of the smallest land areas.c.Alaska is rich in natural resources, and Hawaii has rich volcanic soil.——Inuits 因紐特人

Eskimos 愛斯基摩人

——Mauna Loa 冒納羅亞火山：the world’s largest active volcano ——Sugar cane and pineapples are Hawaii’s two main crops.——Tourism is Hawaii’s most important industry.Population, Race and Ethnic Groups

人口與民族

I.Introduction A.The United States of America, with a population of 255.5 million in July 1992, is the third most populous country in the world after China and India.B.Immigration(移民)accounts for a major source of population growth.The United States had a more or less open-door policy to immigrants from independence until the 1960s.Ellis Island of New York was an important immigration reception spot in the 1890s and at the turn of the century.Even with later restrictions, immigration has continued at a high level.C.Great changes took place in the recent decades in the population of different regions in the United States.Such population movements reflected the shift from traditional manufacturing industries in the Northeast and Midwest to high-technology industries, whose growth has been most notable in the sunbelt states of the South and Mountain regions.Arizona(亞利桑那), Nevada and Florida have been the fastest growing states in population for the last 20 years.D.Most of the population in the United States live in city areas.The biggest city was New York, which was followed by Los Angeles(洛杉磯), Chicago(芝加哥), San Francisco(舊金山)and Philadelphia(費(fèi)城).E.Changes in age structure during the 1980s reflect past trends in child bearing: the low birth rate in the two decades ending in 1945, the higher birth rate during the “baby boom”(1946-1964)and the lower birth rate afterwards.Ⅱ.Immigration A.The first immigrants in American history came from England and the Netherlands.Though immigration had been a familiar aspect of American development throughout the colonial period, the largest immigration movement did not take place until 1815.B.In American history, there were three major immigration waves.The first wave began in the mid 1810s, grew steadily during the 1830s and 40s and reached the highest point in 1845.The second wave happened between 1860 and 1890.The third wave was the largest of the three.It happened between 1890 and 1914 and was drawn mainly from southern and central European countries.Ⅲ.Population Movement A.Mobility is considered to be one of the characteristics of the American people.B.There are four great population movements in the history of the United States.The first was between the end of the civil war and 1880 when the westward movement came to a halt.In this period, the flow of population was from the densely-populated east coast to the sparsely-populated west.The second was between 1890 and 1920, a period when the United States realized its industrialization and urbanization.The main feature was the movement of population from the rural areas to cities.The third was from 1920 to 1960 with the 1940s, the war years, as the peak.In this period a large number of black people moved out of the south to other areas.The fourth and the last one so far is from the end of the 1960s till now.In this period, the population flow is from the Northeast and Central North to the West and the South, that is, to the sunbelt areas.Population in the South increased by 55.47% between 1960 and 1990 and population in the west increased by 88.17% in the same period.Ⅳ.Racial and Ethnic Minorities 少數(shù)民族 A.Blacks 黑人

a.The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S.is the blacks.The first blacks were brought to North America as slaves in 1619.Uncle Tom’s Cabin湯姆叔叔的小屋and Roots根are two novels giving a vivid description of the miserable life of the black slaves.b.The slave system was formally ended by Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865.But even after the abolition of slavery, open or covert, organized or individual discrimination was practiced against black Americans.c.①The civil rights movement in the 1960s.②The Civil Rights Act of 1964.③The Voting Rights Act of 1965.B.Hispanics 拉美裔美國人

Hispanic: Spanish-speaking people of any race a.The Spanish-speaking population of the United States is a large diverse and rapidly growing one.b.Three major Hispanic groups historically have had the greatest influence on the United States.①M(fèi)exican-Americans(墨西哥裔美國人), or Chicanos, make up the largest group and most of them have settled in the south-western United States.②The next largest group are the Puerto Ricans(波多黎各人).They have settled in the large cities in the eastern seaboard.③In the third place are the Cuban-Americans(古巴人)who got away from Cuba after the Cuban Revolution in 1959 and are now gathered in the Miami area.In general, the Cuban-Americans have done the best economically.④Another group: least known.They are the recent Central and South American immigrants(中南美洲移民)who fled their countries as a result of political and social unrest.They are actually refugees(難民)who are poorer, less educated and mostly from rural backgrounds.c.Many Hispanics are in lower-paying jobs.The most important obstacle to Hispanic success in the labor market is their low education.Hispanics have the highest school dropout rate of any major racial and ethnic group;d.The Hispanics are getting organized today to fight for equal treatment.C.Asian-Americans 亞裔美國人

a.The Asian and Pacific Islander population was 3% of the total population in the United States.Most Asian-Americans are doing well in the United States.A higher percentage of Asian-Americans complete university study.Experts say three Asian traditions best explain the success of Asian-Americans: education, hard work, and family.b.The largest group of Asian-Americans are the Chinese-Americans.① the gold rush ② the construction of the railroad in the 1860s ③ In May, 1882, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act which stopped Chinese immigration for 10 years.④ In 1902 Chinese immigration was stopped for an indefinite period.⑤ It was not canceled until 1943 during the Second World War when China became an ally to the United States.c.The Japanese-Americans form the second largest group.D.Indians 印第安人

a.For centuries before the arrival of the first Europeans, the lands of what is now the United States were populated by “Indians” called by Columbus.b.After the civil war, government reservations(印第安人保留地), land specially set aside for the Indians, were established.Today, Native Indians live on the 278 reservations scattered around the United States.The social and economic conditions of the Indians are often poor.Their average life expectancy(壽命)is around 50 years.c.Since the 1960s, a militant social movement, the American Indian Movement, has arisen.E.White ethnics 白人的民族背景

Traditionally, the mainstream Americans were called WASPs, that is, White Anglo-Saxon Protestants.But actually there is a much greater variety of ethnic groups.13.1% of the U.S.population had English roots, 23.2% had German roots and 15.5% had Irish roots.

第二篇：美國概況習(xí)題

美國概況

Part One Geography

Chapter IIPopulation

Exercises

? New York is the largest state in the US.(T/F)

? Why is the U.S.A.called “Melting Pot”?

Answers

? F(Alaska)

? Because the U.S.A.is country where there are many different races, and these races mixed and assimilated after they

immigrated into this country “Melting Pot” just signifies this mixture and assimilation.Chapter VReligion in the U.S.A.Exercises

? The popular American belief is___

A.part-time working

B.self-made man

C.manual labor

D.being extravagant

? The largest religious group in America is___

A.Roman CatholicsB.Protestants

C.OrthodistsD.Presbyterians

?the American spirit of “do-it-yourself”:

Answers

? BB

?the American spirit of “do-it-yourself”:

People are proud of doing everything by themselves.Most of the American families seldom hire people to do housework though they are rich.They try to do what they can do, such as housework, gardening and they enjoy doing them.Part twoHistory

Chapter IColonization of North America

Exercises

? The history of the U.S.is generally agreed to have begun in the year of ____

A.1620B.1607C.1776D.1492

? The turning point of the War of Independence was the Battle of ___in 1777.A.YorktownB.Saratoga

C.Bunker HillD.Lexington

? Lexington Fire was the ___of American War of Independence

A.turning pointB.endingC.causeD.prelude

Answers

BBD

Chapter IVThe American Civil War(1861-1865)

Exercises

? Abraham Lincoln

? In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president, an anti-slavery president.He played a very important measures.One

was the Homestead Bill, the other was Emancipation Proclamation in every field.In 1864, he was reelected president.He was assassinated in April 13,1865.He saved the Union and most Americans considered him a great national hero.Homework

? Why was there the New Deal program? What was it? And how did it aid the recovery of the American economy? ? What important measures did Abraham Lincoln take during the Civil War? How do you evaluate them?

Chapter VThe U.S.Imperialism and the First World War

Exercises

? The first imperialist war took place between theU.S.and ___in 1898.A.BritainB.FranceC.SpainD.Mexico

? The “Big Stick” Policy was advanced by President___.A.Theodore RooseveltB.Franklin Roosevelt

C.William MckinleyD.Thomas Woodrow Wilson

? President Franklin D.Roosevelt proposed a well-knownpolicy called___ to save the economic situation.A.the Open Door PolicyB.the New Deal

C.Good Neighbor PolicyD.the “Big Stick”

AnswersCAB

PartTheresociallife

Chapter IIICustoms and Traditions

Exercises

? Easter:

Easter falls on the first Sunday after the full moon, in March or in April.It commemorates the Resurrection of Jesus.The custom of dying eggs is very popular among children.The main meat on Easter Sunday are lamb and ham.? Thanksgiving Day:

It falls on the fourth Thursday of November.It is a holiday on which God is thanked for the crops which have been safely gathered.? Abraham Lincoln

? In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president, an anti-slavery president.He played a very important

measures.One was the Homestead Bill, the other was Emancipation Proclamation in every field.In 1864, he was reelected president.He was assassinated in April 13,1865.He saved the Union and most Americans considered him a great national hero.

第三篇：美國政治制度概況

美國政治制度概況

Political institution（政治制度）

1．The American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world.It was draw up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789.美國憲法是世界上最早的成文憲法，它起草于1787年，生效于1789年。

2．In 1787,Congress called for a meeting of delegate from all the states to revise the Articles of Confederation.1787年，國會(huì)召開各州代表參加的大會(huì)，主要目的是修

改有明顯缺點(diǎn)的《聯(lián)邦條款》。

3．The government is divided into three branched: the legislative ,the executive ,and the judicial.Each branch has part of the powers but not all the power.美國政府

被分為3部分：立法機(jī)構(gòu)，行政機(jī)構(gòu)和司法機(jī)構(gòu)。

4．In either case, amendments must have the approval of three-fourths of the states before they enter into force.有兩種情可以提出修改憲法條款，但不管是哪種，修正案

必須經(jīng)過3/4的批準(zhǔn)才能生效。

5．The President of the U.S is the head of the executive branch and the head of the state elected by the whole nation.The Constitution requires the President to be a natural-born American citizen at least 35 years of age.The president election was held every 4 years.憲法規(guī)定總統(tǒng)必須是美國本土出生的美國公民，至少年滿35歲，總統(tǒng)選舉每四年舉行一次。

6． In American ,the “winner-take-all” system applies in all states expect Maine.在美國，嬴者全贏的制度適用于除緬因州外的各州。

7．The electors of all fifty states and the District of Columbia-a total of 538 persons-comprise what is known as the Electoral College.To be successful, a candidate for the Presidency must receive 270 votes.50個(gè)州加上哥倫比亞特區(qū)共有

538位總統(tǒng)候選人，他們組成選舉團(tuán)，要成為美國總統(tǒng)，候選人則要獲得270票。

8．The presidential term of 4 years begin on Jan 20 following the November election, The president publicly takes an oath of office, whichis administered by the Chief Justice of the U.S.A president can be elected to office only twice.美國總統(tǒng)任期為4年，每位總統(tǒng)任期最多只能兩屆，總統(tǒng)宣誓就職儀式是由美國首席大法官主持的。

9． Article I of the Constitution grants all legislative power of the federal government to a Congress composed of two chambers, a Senate and a House of

Representatives.The Senate is composed of 2 members from each state, Membership in the House is based on population and its size is therefore not specified in the Constitution.國會(huì)由參議院和眾議院組成，參議院由各州派出兩名議員共同組成，眾議院

成員數(shù)則按各州人口及大小而定，因此眾義員數(shù)憲法沒有具體規(guī)定。

10． The Constitution requires that U.S.Senators must be at least 30 years of age, citizens of the U.S for at least 9 years, and residents of the states from which they are elected.The senatorial term is 6 years, and every 2 years one-third of the Senate stands for re-election.憲法規(guī)定美國參議員必須是年滿30歲有美國公民資格9年以上的公民，并且是選其為議員的州的居民，參議員任期為6年，且每月年改選1/3的議員。

11． Menber of the House of Representative must be at least 25, citizens for 7 years, and residents of the states which send them to Congress.Today, the House is composed of 435 members.Since members of the House serve two-year terms, the life of a Congress is considered to be 2 years.憲法規(guī)定美國眾議員必須是年滿25歲有美國公民資格7年以上的公民，并且是選其為議員的州的居民，現(xiàn)在，眾議院由來35名議員組成，由于眾議員任期為2年，所以國會(huì)任期往往被認(rèn)為是2年。

12． Each hours of the Congress has the power to introduce legislation on any subject, except revenue bills which must first come from the House of Representatives.除

了稅收法案必須首先由眾議院提出，國會(huì)的兩院各自有權(quán)就任何提議立法。

13． The Constitution provides that the Vice president shall be president of the Senate.He has no vote, except in a case of a tie.The House of Representatives choose its own presiding officer-the Speaker of the House.憲法規(guī)定由美國副總統(tǒng)擔(dān)任參議院議長(zhǎng)，議長(zhǎng)不參加投票，除非出現(xiàn)兩派票數(shù)相等的情況，眾議院則選出他自己的主持官員，-眾議院議長(zhǎng)。

14． According to the Constitution, the judicial power of the U.S shall be vested in one Supreme Court.The judicial system has evolved into the present structure: the Supreme Court, 11 court of appeals, 91 district courts, and 3 courts of special jurisdiction.U.S.judges are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.根據(jù)憲法規(guī)定，美國的司法權(quán)屬于最高法院，司法體系結(jié)構(gòu)為：最高法院，11個(gè)上訴法院，91個(gè)地方法院，3個(gè)有特殊司法權(quán)的法院，美國的法官是由總統(tǒng)任命并由參議院批準(zhǔn)的。

15． The Supreme Court is the highest court of the U.S and is the only organ which has the power to interpret the Constitution The Supreme Court at present consists

of a Chief Justice and 8 Associate Justices.最高法院是美國最高等的法院，也是惟

一有權(quán)解釋的機(jī)構(gòu)，目前法院由一名首席大法官和顏悅色名助理法官組成。

16． The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in only two kinds of cases: thoseinvolvingforeign dignitaries, and those to which a state in a party.高

等法院最初只對(duì)兩種案件擁有司法權(quán)：涉及國外達(dá)官貴人，一個(gè)州為一方當(dāng)事人。

17． In general, American has a two-party system.There are two major political parties in America: the Democrats and the Republicans.There have been four periods in the history of political parties in American.一般說來，美國實(shí)行的是兩黨制，兩大主要政黨為：民主黨和共和黨，美國政黨的歷史可分為四個(gè)時(shí)期。

18． The first period of the party system in American refer to the appearance of the Federalists and the Anti-federalists.The third phase of the two-party system ran from the 1860s to the 1920s with the Republican Party dominating the political scene for most of the time.美國政黨制的第一階段出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)主要黨派，聯(lián)邦派各反聯(lián)邦派，第三階段從容不迫9世紀(jì)60年代到達(dá)9世紀(jì)20年代，絕大部分時(shí)間是共和黨執(zhí)政。

（2002，21題）

19．In the 28 terms of the House of Representativesfrom 1933 to 1989,the Democrats enjoyed a majority of 26 terms, in the Senate, the Democrats had a majority for 23 terms.從1933年到1989年的確屆眾議院中，民主黨在于6屆中擁有多數(shù)席位，在參議院中民主黨在于23屆中擁有多數(shù)席位。

20． After the 1828 election of Andrew Jackson, the Democratic-Republican party split.The main faction, led by Andrew Jackson, called themselves the Democratic Party, while the faction opposed to Jackson formed the Whig party in 1834.1828年安德魯。杰克遜當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)后，民主共和黨分裂，由安德魯。杰克遜領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的主派自稱為民

主黨，反對(duì)杰克遜的一派于1834年另立輝格黨 待續(xù)。。。

英國國體：以生產(chǎn)資料私有制為主，資產(chǎn)階級(jí)掌權(quán)的資本主義國家政體：君主立憲制國家結(jié)構(gòu)形式：?jiǎn)我恢?/p>

4國家機(jī)構(gòu)的組成及相互關(guān)系

①國家元首 虛偽元首 僅扮演儀式性角色

②立法機(jī)構(gòu) 議會(huì)

③行政機(jī)構(gòu) 內(nèi)閣

④司法機(jī)構(gòu) 法院

關(guān)系：

英國君主立憲制的主要機(jī)構(gòu)有國王、議會(huì)和內(nèi)閣。其中議會(huì)是國家最高立法機(jī)關(guān)，主要扮演立法者和監(jiān)督者的角色。內(nèi)閣是國家最高行政機(jī)關(guān)，從議會(huì)產(chǎn)生，由占議會(huì)多數(shù)席位的政黨組成，并對(duì)議會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)。國王按內(nèi)閣的意志行使形式上的權(quán)利，承擔(dān)國家元首等禮儀性職責(zé)。國王議會(huì)和內(nèi)閣三者之間，既有分權(quán)也有制約，體現(xiàn)了英國政體運(yùn)行的特點(diǎn)。

5政黨制度

①主要黨派：主要黨派有自由黨, 工黨, 國家黨, 民主黨等.其中自由黨和工黨為朝野的兩大黨派。

②政黨制度類型：兩黨制

近代資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命后，英國逐步成為君主立憲制國家，其政治制度以議會(huì)內(nèi)閣制為核心，以兩黨制、常任文官制以及地方自治為主要特點(diǎn)。它對(duì)其他資本主義國家政治制度的建立產(chǎn)生了很大影響。

同其他國家的憲法相比，英國的憲法有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：

1、英國的憲法是不成文的憲法。英國憲法的最大不同之處是它從未以一部單一法典的形式出現(xiàn)，而是由13、14世紀(jì)以來，在各個(gè)不同時(shí)期通過的各種成文或不成文的、形式上多種多樣的具有憲法性的法律構(gòu)成。主要有《大憲章》、《人民公約》、《權(quán)利請(qǐng)?jiān)笗?、《?quán)利法案.》等。

2、英國憲法是柔性憲法。英國的憲法性文件的制定和修改程序同普通法律一樣，其法律地位也是同議會(huì)制定的其他法律一樣。這一現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因是由于英國憲法的非法典化，但最主要的原因是沒有任何一屆議會(huì)能夠約束它的繼任議會(huì)，也沒有任何議會(huì)不能改變它的前任議會(huì)的立法，這樣，在英國的政治實(shí)踐中，很難形成關(guān)于憲法限制或權(quán)限的統(tǒng)一模式。

3、政治習(xí)慣的作用。政治習(xí)慣是在長(zhǎng)期的政治實(shí)踐中形成的，為人們認(rèn)可和接受的行為規(guī)范。在英國，政治習(xí)慣是幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的有意識(shí)的努力的結(jié)果。這樣的政治習(xí)慣有：國王必須委任下議院的多數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖組建政府，內(nèi)閣必須向議會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)并向議會(huì)報(bào)告工作等等。這些習(xí)慣被政治實(shí)踐者認(rèn)真遵守，以至于它們成了英國憲法的重要組成部分。

英國并不是嚴(yán)格意義上的三權(quán)分立國家。首相可以被看作當(dāng)代英國政治中最有權(quán)勢(shì)的人，首相是政府的首腦，是內(nèi)閣的主持人，是議會(huì)的議員，同時(shí)也是女王的最高政治顧問。首相、內(nèi)閣、議會(huì)三者之間的關(guān)系是：

議會(huì)（多數(shù)黨）←←←←←←←負(fù)責(zé)←←←←↑

↓領(lǐng)↑

↓袖↑

首相 —領(lǐng)導(dǎo)— 內(nèi)閣 —領(lǐng)導(dǎo)— 政府

與其他國家相比,英國的政治制度既古老而又有鮮明的特色,這主要體現(xiàn)在它的君主制與民主制的結(jié)合、“議會(huì)至上”的議會(huì)內(nèi)閣制。

英國選舉制度是單選區(qū)相對(duì)多數(shù)票取勝，這對(duì)兩大黨有利。一般而言，在大選中獲勝的大黨，都沒有得到總票數(shù)的50％，但當(dāng)選的議席超過一半以上而單獨(dú)執(zhí)政。不論工黨或保守黨獲勝都是如此。而自由黨最吃虧，它取得不低的得票率，但所獲得的國會(huì)議席很少，與得票率完全不成比例。（自由黨在1988年與從工黨分裂出去的社會(huì)民主黨合并，改稱為自由民主黨）。

英國的兩黨制并不是鐵板一塊、完美無缺的，它也存在著很多弊端。首先，從兩黨制中產(chǎn)生出來的執(zhí)政黨不能充分代表民意。英國兩黨制是由英國的選舉制度作保障的。英國現(xiàn)行選舉制度是單選區(qū)出線制，以大選中獲議席多少定勝負(fù)，而不是依選票情況。這就造成這樣一種矛盾現(xiàn)象：有時(shí)反對(duì)黨所得選票反而會(huì)超過執(zhí)政黨，其次，兩黨制對(duì)小黨的成長(zhǎng)、發(fā)展極為不利。小黨在選舉中的得票率同其在下院所得席位不成比例。第三，兩黨制造成英國政治上的保守。最后，兩黨制促進(jìn)了英國公眾中的政治冷淡主義傾向。兩大壟斷政權(quán)，使得許多對(duì)兩黨都不喜歡的人無從選擇。在大選中，一部分這種人把選票投給了他較不討厭的那個(gè)大黨，而相當(dāng)一部分選民根本就不參加投票。投票率低是英國的一個(gè)突出現(xiàn)象。盡管投票率在整個(gè)西方國家都有下降趨勢(shì)，但英國屬于最低的國家之一。

今年的英國大選，打破了兩黨制傳統(tǒng)。

第四篇：概況試題-美國

1、Puritanism

Puritans were those who followed the doctrine of John Calvin and wanted to purify the Church of England.They believe that human beings were predestined by God before they were born.Some were God's chosen people while others were damned to hell.No church nor good works could save people.The sign of being God's elect was the success in his work or the prosperity in his calling.They also argued that everyone must read the Bible in order to find God's will and establish a direct contact with God.These beliefs had great impact on American culture.2.the American Revolution

Between 1689 and 1815, france and Britain fought Seven Years’ war, and North American was drawn into everyone of them.Britain’s victory led directly to a conflict with its American colonies.The British government argued that Britain had spent large sums of money to defend their American colonies in those wars, and that the colonists therefore should pay a part of those expenses.So the british government began to charge new taxes.But the colonists refused to obey the british laws and cry” no taxation without representation”.On April 19,1775,the first shot was fired when 700 British soldiers went to capture a colonial arms depot in a small town of Concord near Boston.The American War of Independence began.And the war came to an end in 1781 with the victory of north american.The Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783 and Britian had to recognize the independence of the United States.A new nation was thus born.3.the Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Congress on July 4,1776,when the people of 13 English colonials in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule.The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life,liberty and the pursuit of happiness.It also explained the philosophy of government:the powers of governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments were to secure the rights mentioned above.The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.4.American Constitution

The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America.The Constitution is the framework for the organization of the United States government and for the relationship of the federal government with the states, citizens, and all people within the United States.The Constitution creates the three branches of the national government: a legislature, the bicameral Congress;an executive branch led by the President;and a judicial branch headed by the Supreme Court.The Constitution specifies the powers and duties of each branch.The Constitution reserves all unenumerated powers to the respective states and the people, thereby establishing the federal system of government.5.checks and balances

When Americans talk about their three-part national government, they often refer to what they call its system of “checks and balances”.This system works in many ways to keep serious mistakes from being made by legislative branch or executive branch or judicial branch.6.Federalism

Federalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government of the United States.American government has evolved from a system of dual federalism to one of associative federalism.In “Federalist No.46,” James Madison asserted that the states and national government “are in fact but different agents and trustees of the people, constituted with different powers.” Alexander Hamilton, writing in “Federalist No.28,” suggested that both levels of government would exercise authority to the citizens' benefit: “If their [the peoples'] rights are invaded by either, they can make use of the other as the instrument of redress.”

7.the Bill of Rights

The Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791.The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech,the right to assemble in public places,the right to own weapons and so on.8.Political parties in the US

Political parties are organized groups of people who share a set of ideas about how the US should be governed and who work together to have members of their group elected in order to influence the governing of the country.today ,the US has two major political parties.one in the Democratic Party,which evolved out of Thomas Jefferson's party,formed before 1800.the symbol of the party is the donkey.the other is the Republican Party,which was formed in the 1850s,and its symbol is the elephant.9、the roots of affluence in America

No single factor is responsible for the success of American business and industry.Bountiful resources,the geographical size of the country and population trends have all contributed to these success.Religious,social and political traditions;the institutional structures of government and business;and the courage,hard work and determination of countless entrepreners and workers have also played a part.10.American industrial revolution

After independence, America was principally an agricultural country.The industrial revolution in England brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860.One key development was the introduction of the factory system.A second development was the “American system” of mass production.A third development was the application of new technologies to industrial task.A fourth development was the emergence of new forms of business organization—the bank and the corporation.11.Civil Rights Movement

The civil rights movement was a worldwide political movement for equality before the law occurring between approximately 1950 and 1980.In many situations it took the form of campaigns of civil resistance aimed at achieving change by nonviolent forms of resistance.In some situations it was accompanied, or followed, by civil unrest and armed rebellion.The process was long and tenuous in many countries, and many of these movements did not fully achieve their goals although, the efforts of these movements did lead to improvements in the legal rights of previously oppressed groups of people.12.Martin luther King

Martin Luther King, Jr.(January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968)was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement.He is best known for being an iconic figure in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world, using nonviolent methods following the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi.King is often presented as a heroic leader in the history of modern American liberalism.A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career.He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, serving as its first president.King's efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech.There, he expanded American values to include the vision of a color blind society, and established his reputation as one of the greatest orators in American history.13.Counterculture

In the wake of the Free Speech Movement and the New Left,there appeared a phenomenon that historians called the “counterculture.”the counterculture rejected capitalism and other American principles.they had morals different from those taught by their parents.some groups of youth tried to construct different ways of life.among the most famous were the hippies.they sought new experience through dropping out,and drug taking.but it was music,rock music in particular,that became the chief vehicle for the counter cultural assault on the traditional American society.the counterculture exerted a great influence upon people's attitudes toward social morals,marriage,career and success.14、Hippies

The hippies called themselves “the love generation.” Hippiness became their only goal in life.Their music was different from any other music, and the words they sang sounded rebellious to older people.Small groups of youth lived together in cities like San Francisco,turning their lives into one big party.They wore long hair,strange and colorful clothes and many of them used drugs.They went in huge numbers to rock music concerts, and tyey made very interesting news on TV.15.Multiculturalism in Canada

Multiculturalism in Canada was adopted as the official policy of the Canadian government during the prime ministership of Pierre Elliot Trudeau in the 1970s and 1980s.The Canadian government has often been described as the instigator of multicultural ideology because of its public emphasis on the social importance of immigration.Multiculturalism is reflected in the law through the Canadian Multiculturalism Act and section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

第五篇：富陽概況及人文歷史

富陽概況及人文歷史

富陽市位于浙江省西北部。滬杭甬“金三角”交匯點(diǎn)，杭州的西大門，是國務(wù)院首批批準(zhǔn)的沿海對(duì)外開放縣（市）之一。市域介于北緯29度44分~30度12分、東經(jīng)119度25分~120度09分。東接蕭山區(qū)、南連諸暨市、西鄰?fù)]縣、北與臨安市、余杭區(qū)接壤，東北與杭州市西湖區(qū)毗連。東西長(zhǎng)69.7公里，南北寬49.7公里，總面積1831.21平方公里。轄4個(gè)街道15個(gè)鎮(zhèn)6個(gè)鄉(xiāng)，287個(gè)行政村，23個(gè)社區(qū)（居委會(huì)），人口64萬（城市人口約21萬），是一個(gè)“八山半水分半田”的丘陵半山區(qū)。

“天下佳山水，古今推富春?！备魂柹角嗨恪⒕吧七?，天下獨(dú)絕的富春江橫貫全境，既賦山城之美，又具江城之秀，是典型的江南山水城市。境內(nèi)有鐘靈毓秀的鸛山、富春勝地天鐘山、東經(jīng)120度北緯30度經(jīng)緯線大陸平原唯一整交點(diǎn)、華東最大的天然淡水浴場(chǎng)新沙島、亞太地區(qū)第一大洞廳九霄碧云洞、保持明清建筑特色的吳大帝孫權(quán)后裔集聚地龍門古鎮(zhèn)等自然人文名勝。近幾年，還成功開發(fā)出了被譽(yù)為浙江旅游“新三寶”的杭州野生動(dòng)物世界、富春山居國際高爾夫球場(chǎng)、中國古代造紙印刷文化村等旅游資源。

富陽古稱富春，秦王政二十六年（公元前221年）置富春縣，1994年1月18日撤縣設(shè)市。二千多年來，一脈靈氣的富春江，先后孕育了三國吳大帝孫權(quán)、現(xiàn)代文豪郁達(dá)夫，晚唐詩人羅隱、元代大畫家黃公望，清代父子宰相董邦達(dá)、董誥等一大批杰出人物，李白、吳均、白居易、陸游、蘇東坡、紀(jì)曉嵐等文人墨客的足跡遍布全境，人文歷史底蘊(yùn)積淀深厚。

改革開放以來，富陽經(jīng)濟(jì)活力迸發(fā)，逐漸形成了造紙、通信器材、醫(yī)藥化工、機(jī)械電子、新型建材、輕紡、體育用品等特色產(chǎn)業(yè)和“國家（富陽）光纖光纜產(chǎn)業(yè)園”、“中國白板紙基地”、“中國球拍之鄉(xiāng)”三大產(chǎn)業(yè)品牌，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)綜合發(fā)展指數(shù)列全國發(fā)達(dá)縣（市）第30位，財(cái)政收入連續(xù)多年進(jìn)入全省十強(qiáng)縣（市）行列，被有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)分別評(píng)為中國大陸最適宜民營企業(yè)投資創(chuàng)業(yè)百強(qiáng)城市和長(zhǎng)三角最具投資價(jià)值十強(qiáng)縣（市），還榮獲了“中國十大特色休閑基地”和浙江旅游十大“城市金名片”稱號(hào)。通過持之以恒地開展創(chuàng)建工作，先后被命名為國家園林城市、國家衛(wèi)生城市、中國優(yōu)秀旅游城市、國家環(huán)境保護(hù)模范城市、全國科技工作先進(jìn)縣（市）、省科技強(qiáng)市、省教育強(qiáng)市、省體育強(qiáng)市、省文明城市、省文化先 進(jìn)縣(市)、省雙擁模范城市、省平安縣(市)、省農(nóng)村基層組織先進(jìn)縣(市)等。

2007年，富陽堅(jiān)持以科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為統(tǒng)領(lǐng)，通過謀戰(zhàn)略、抓創(chuàng)新、破難題、促發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)呈現(xiàn)平穩(wěn)較快的發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)。全年實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)總值289億元，財(cái)政總收入38.76億元，全社會(huì)固定資產(chǎn)投資130.5億元，城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入19042元，農(nóng)村居民人均純收入9601元。

富陽市毗鄰杭州大都市，距離杭州市中心32公里，地理位置優(yōu)越，交通條件便捷，320國道、杭新景（杭千）高速公路以及05、23、19、14等多條省道縱貫全境，距離杭州火車站、杭州蕭山國際機(jī)場(chǎng)都在半小時(shí)車程內(nèi)。當(dāng)前，富陽市正利用得天獨(dú)厚的山水資源，把山水整合起來，做透山水文章，全面打造“運(yùn)動(dòng)休閑之城”，打響“休閑杭州、運(yùn)動(dòng)富陽”的特色品牌，實(shí)現(xiàn)“生活富裕、生命陽光”的發(fā)展目標(biāo)。

截至2007年12月31日，富陽市轄4個(gè)街道、15個(gè)鎮(zhèn)、6個(gè)鄉(xiāng)：富春街道、東洲街道、春江街道、鹿山街道；高橋鎮(zhèn)、受降鎮(zhèn)、場(chǎng)口鎮(zhèn)、常安鎮(zhèn)、萬市鎮(zhèn)、洞橋鎮(zhèn)、胥口鎮(zhèn)、新登鎮(zhèn)、淥渚鎮(zhèn)、靈橋鎮(zhèn)、大源鎮(zhèn)、常綠鎮(zhèn)、龍門鎮(zhèn)、里山鎮(zhèn)、永昌鎮(zhèn)；環(huán)山鄉(xiāng)、湖源鄉(xiāng)、上官鄉(xiāng)、漁山鄉(xiāng)、春建鄉(xiāng)、新桐鄉(xiāng)。共有23個(gè)社區(qū)、3個(gè)居民區(qū)、287個(gè)行政村。

■人文歷史

歷史悠久，人杰地靈。富陽古稱富春，公元前221年置縣，1994年經(jīng)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)撤縣設(shè)市。漢末孫堅(jiān)、孫策崛起江東，孫權(quán)繼業(yè)創(chuàng)建吳國，功垂后世；晚唐詩人羅隱，才華橫溢，獨(dú)樹一幟；元代大畫家黃公望結(jié)廬富春江畔，繪就傳世杰作《富春山居圖》；清代父子宰相董邦達(dá)、董誥，位極人臣，品質(zhì)高潔；現(xiàn)代文學(xué)家郁達(dá)夫得富春江之靈氣，椽筆揮灑，留下大量清麗詩文；在學(xué)術(shù)上卓有建樹的周廷沖兄弟、越劇表演藝術(shù)家徐玉蘭、骨傷科名醫(yī)張紹富等，均為當(dāng)代杰出人才。

■經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展

經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)，社會(huì)進(jìn)步。近年來，大力實(shí)施“工業(yè)興市”和“開放帶動(dòng)”戰(zhàn)略，優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)，形成了以通信器材、造紙業(yè)為龍頭，新型建材、醫(yī)藥化工、輕紡、機(jī)械電子和體育用品等特色產(chǎn)業(yè)體系。造紙業(yè)年生產(chǎn)規(guī)模約占全省總量的二分之一，被授予“中國白板紙基地”稱號(hào)；光通信產(chǎn)業(yè)占國內(nèi)市場(chǎng)四分之一強(qiáng)，被列 為浙江省光通信特色產(chǎn)業(yè)基地。塊狀特色經(jīng)濟(jì)明顯，球拍、織布、工藝品、電機(jī)電器、自行車配件等小產(chǎn)品闖出了大市場(chǎng)。2007年，全市實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值957億元。富春江集團(tuán)、富通集團(tuán)、華倫集團(tuán)等上榜2007中國大企業(yè)集團(tuán)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力500強(qiáng)，擁有“金富春”等中國馳名商標(biāo)，“無敵賽艇”等5個(gè)中國名牌產(chǎn)品。城鄉(xiāng)居民消費(fèi)活躍，市場(chǎng)繁榮，新型流通業(yè)態(tài)日臻完善，2007年實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)消費(fèi)零售總額52.2億元。同時(shí)，深入實(shí)施“科教興市”戰(zhàn)略，協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展科教文衛(wèi)體等社會(huì)各項(xiàng)事業(yè)，促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的全面發(fā)展。

■旅游景點(diǎn)

山清水秀，景色綺麗?！疤煜录焉剿?，古今推富春”。富陽地處“西湖——富春江——千島湖——黃山”國家級(jí)黃金旅游線的前站，既賦山城之美，又具江城之秀，是典型的江南山水城市。一川如畫的富春江橫貫境內(nèi)；有華東地區(qū)最大的野生動(dòng)物世界（國家AAAA級(jí)景區(qū)），保留明清建筑特色的孫權(quán)后裔聚居地龍門古鎮(zhèn)（國家AAAA級(jí)景區(qū)），再現(xiàn)造紙印刷兩大發(fā)明的中國古代造紙印刷文化村，亞太地區(qū)第一洞廳的碧云洞（所在富春桃源景區(qū)為國家AAAA級(jí)景區(qū)），以及富春山居國際高爾夫球場(chǎng)、度假勝地富春桃源、鐘靈毓秀的鸛山、天鐘山等。境內(nèi)人文勝跡眾多，羅隱碑林、黃公望結(jié)廬處、郁達(dá)夫故居等遠(yuǎn)近聞名。隨著近年來一大批景區(qū)景點(diǎn)的開發(fā)，中外游客紛至沓來，成為休閑度假的旅游勝地。

近年來富陽市政府為了更好的開發(fā)旅游業(yè)，評(píng)選出的“新富春十景”更是風(fēng)景宜人。

富陽十景 ◎ 鸛山攬勝 ◎ 龍門古風(fēng) ◎ 桃源春色 ◎ 廟塢竹徑 ◎ 天鐘聽泉 ◎ 賢明夕照 ◎ 長(zhǎng)堤戲浪 ◎ 楓林咽泉 ◎ 江洲鷺影 ◎ 郁宅望江 鸛 山

位于富陽城東富春江之畔。一峰獨(dú)峙，臨江處有石磯，似鸛，迎江而立，故名。山腳有郁達(dá)夫故居，山上有郁達(dá)夫哥哥郁曼陀血衣冢，雙烈亭、松筠別墅等郁氏紀(jì)念設(shè)施。山腳深入江心的磯頭為嚴(yán)子陵垂釣處。地址：富陽市區(qū)鸛山路2號(hào)，距杭州市32公里。

地址：富陽市江濱東大道東州街道黃公望村，距杭州市20公里 新沙島農(nóng)家樂

坐落于富陽市富春江畔，新沙島上，距杭州30公里。全島面積4．12平方公里，四面環(huán)水，桑林成蔭，金沙鋪地，處處鳥啼蟬嗚，竹籬茅舍淡雅純樸，古式村落白墻青瓦，四周奇花異草，田園風(fēng)光迷人，鄉(xiāng)土氣息濃郁?！稗r(nóng)家樂”民俗旅游再現(xiàn)了中國江南農(nóng)村古老而傳統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)、生活方式。竹筏暢游富春江、牛車環(huán)島、手工造紙、腳踏水車、古農(nóng)具操作、農(nóng)家養(yǎng)蠶、編織草鞋、觀賞山羊斗角以及鑼鼓、嗩吶、竹馬、龍燈等充滿東方文化色彩的鄉(xiāng)村娛樂項(xiàng)目，使游客宛如身臨“世外桃源”。

交通方式：富陽市富春江第一大橋底下富中碼頭渡船過江 永安山滑翔基地

永安山位于富陽西南常安鎮(zhèn)境內(nèi)，海拔500余米，滑翔起跳點(diǎn)設(shè)在永安高山農(nóng)莊的西北角，這里無論是地形地貌、植被狀況，還是高度坡度、朝向、風(fēng)向風(fēng)速，以及降落場(chǎng)地、交通狀況都非常適宜開展滑翔運(yùn)動(dòng)，以其獨(dú)特的地理?xiàng)l件和環(huán)境優(yōu)勢(shì)，成為國家級(jí)滑翔運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練基地。曾舉辦“2007常安滑翔傘友誼賽暨首屆永安滑翔節(jié)”，共有來自北京、上海、青島、濟(jì)南、溫州、杭州等20多個(gè)城市及法國、德國、土耳其等國的60余名滑翔傘高手在這山清水秀的山谷間自由翱翔，是杭州地區(qū)最佳滑翔基地。

地址：富陽市常安鎮(zhèn)永安山，杭新景高速中埠、場(chǎng)口等出口下，沿19省道或環(huán)金公路到常安鎮(zhèn)。

龍門古鎮(zhèn)（國家AAAA級(jí)景區(qū)）

龍門古鎮(zhèn)地處富春江龍門山下，離富陽約16公里，有320國道、杭新景高速（中埠出口）與之相連，交通便捷。東漢名士嚴(yán)子陵游覽龍門山時(shí)稱贊“此地山青水秀，勝似呂梁龍門”，龍門古鎮(zhèn)因此得名。三國時(shí)東吳大帝孫權(quán)的后裔聚居于此，已逾千年。全鎮(zhèn)現(xiàn)有7000多人，90%以上姓孫。到龍門古鎮(zhèn)旅游，可感 受到江南特有的民俗風(fēng)情，領(lǐng)略孫權(quán)家族千年來所形成的濃厚的孫氏文化，飽覽秀美的龍門山自然風(fēng)光，重溫嚴(yán)子陵游覽時(shí)的詩情畫意。

全鎮(zhèn)面積18平方公里。這里有江南地區(qū)保存最完整且極為罕見的明清古建筑群。走進(jìn)古鎮(zhèn)，看不到皖南徽商豪宅的金碧輝煌，也體會(huì)不到在拱橋下泛舟的水鄉(xiāng)幽情。到處是卵石鋪成的小路，還有以卵石作墻垣的民宅民居，暴露原木本色的寬闊的廳堂，處處散發(fā)著山村的粗獷與清新。這里的古建筑類型是非常齊全的，不僅有民宅，還有明代的磚砌牌樓，有塔、寺，有祠堂和數(shù)十座廳堂??這些功能各異的建筑物在歷經(jīng)滄桑和戰(zhàn)亂之后，至今保存完好，伴隨著古樟，小橋，溪流與古街，構(gòu)成了古鎮(zhèn)獨(dú)特的風(fēng)景。

地址：富陽市龍門鎮(zhèn)牌樓，距杭州市45公里，杭新景高速中埠出口前行5公里

杭州野生動(dòng)物世界（國家AAAA級(jí)景區(qū)）

浙江省重點(diǎn)旅游項(xiàng)目，華東地區(qū)規(guī)模最大的野生動(dòng)物園——杭州野生動(dòng)物世界，真誠歡迎國內(nèi)外游客的光臨。

地址：富陽市受降鎮(zhèn)九龍大道1號(hào)，距杭州市20公里，杭州公交514路直達(dá)。

富春桃源（國家AAAA級(jí)景區(qū)）

富春桃源景區(qū)位于富陽市西北胥口鎮(zhèn)，景區(qū)總面積15平方公里，有逍遙巖嶺湖、天成野櫧林、九霄碧云洞、休閑鶴舞坪、桃源三家村等五大旅游區(qū)塊。富春桃源風(fēng)景區(qū)山、水、林、洞、村的自然組合，以“山之清、水之秀、林之茂、洞之奇、村之靜”使您在自然山水中充分享受桃花源式的休閑生活樂趣，是您觀光與休閑度假的好去處。地址：富陽市胥口鎮(zhèn) 距杭州市60公里，自駕車杭州至富陽320國道、05省道，至胥口鎮(zhèn)即可。

地址：富陽市胥口鎮(zhèn)，距杭州市60公里，05省道直達(dá)。通天飛瀑

距杭州60公里，富陽市區(qū)35公里，是杭州至千島湖黃金旅游線的中段。該景區(qū)由山、洞、水、林、石組成，自然生態(tài)豐姿華麗，青山綠水，鳥語花香，有仙水、仙草、仙風(fēng)、仙氣的神秘，是東晉時(shí)代著名的道士葛洪煉丹隱居地－－“葛仙洞”。該溶洞發(fā)育已有三億年之久，屬喀斯特地下河溶洞。全洞總面積二萬余平方米，是由一池二潭三河六瀑五廊六廳組成的豎洞，游程總長(zhǎng)3500米，首期 開發(fā)1500米平地入洞，頂?shù)字?28米。以“奇、險(xiǎn)、瀑”自然景觀、天然空調(diào)為自然特色；歷史文化古跡內(nèi)涵深刻，鬼斧神功，地質(zhì)科普知識(shí)列為教學(xué)基地，整座溶洞堪稱巖溶地學(xué)博物館。其中“通天飛瀑”落差120余米，是華東地區(qū)唯一的“洞中飛瀑”。整座溶洞堪稱巖溶地學(xué)博物館，是融觀光、探險(xiǎn)、地質(zhì)學(xué)、休閑、度假為一體的特色旅游項(xiàng)目。

地址：富陽市胥口鎮(zhèn)，距杭州市60公里，05省道直達(dá)。天鐘山

天鐘山位于富陽市區(qū)西南六公里處的富春江畔，占地約10000余畝，因其山長(zhǎng)形遙觀宛如鐘，得名天鐘山。傳說是明朝開國皇帝朱無璋戰(zhàn)敗時(shí)逃遁到此，后又起兵發(fā)跡的地方。轉(zhuǎn)馬潭、皇逃塢、候軍嶺、天鐘禪院等古跡遺址，形象生動(dòng)地記載了朱元璋當(dāng)年舉兵輾轉(zhuǎn)的故事。天鐘山是一個(gè)集峽谷風(fēng)景、佛教文化、森林公園于一體的山水景觀的風(fēng)景區(qū)，素有“小天竺”之稱。

地址：富陽市春江街道天鐘山，距杭州市38公里，杭新景高速富陽出口下，沿新中線到春江街道南峰村。

中國古代造紙印刷文化村

中國古代造紙印刷文化村地處風(fēng)景秀麗的富春江畔，距舉世聞名的旅游城市杭州30公里，交通便利，是國家級(jí)重點(diǎn)開發(fā)的文化旅游項(xiàng)目。全村占地面積2公頃，村內(nèi)匯聚了自造紙術(shù)、印刷術(shù)發(fā)明以來的各種勞作工具，以造紙作坊、印刷作坊等形式向世人展示了中國古代四大發(fā)明中的兩項(xiàng)：造紙術(shù)與印刷術(shù)。

在著宋裝的村人指引下，游客既可參觀游覽，又可實(shí)踐操作，增添了游玩的樂趣，又豐富了知識(shí)，真正達(dá)到“寓知識(shí)于游玩之中”的文化旅游項(xiàng)目的宗旨，使那些“知其然而不知其所以然”的當(dāng)代人，通過時(shí)光隧道回到了千年前的文明古國。

地址：富陽市江濱東大道21號(hào)，距杭州市30公里 黃公望森林公園

因元代大畫家黃公望在此結(jié)廬隱居，創(chuàng)作著名山水國畫《富春山居圖》而得名。公園面積333公頃，森林覆蓋率96.5%，有云豹、羚羊等國家一、二級(jí)保護(hù)動(dòng)物49種。境內(nèi)山勢(shì)深遠(yuǎn)，竹茂深，薈萃了亞熱帶森林景觀、世界一流竹園、黃公望人文史跡遺址、歷代知名古塔等。

黃公望森林公園坐落在中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院所屬浙江廟山塢部級(jí)自然保護(hù) 區(qū)的廟山塢林區(qū)，系1994年經(jīng)浙江省林業(yè)廳批準(zhǔn)建立的省級(jí)森林公園。

■城市發(fā)展

交通便捷，環(huán)境優(yōu)越。富陽距上海200多公里，離杭州蕭山國際機(jī)場(chǎng)50余公里，320國道、杭千高速公路橫貫全境，水陸交通便捷，區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯。鄉(xiāng)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)鎮(zhèn)通油路，富陽城區(qū)至各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的半小時(shí)交通圈基本形成。富春江水路上通千島湖，下達(dá)杭州灣，抵國內(nèi)各港口。郵電通信基本實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，并在全省率先實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)有線電視聯(lián)網(wǎng)。水、電、燃?xì)獬湓?；賓館、商務(wù)、醫(yī)療、文化、體育等設(shè)施齊全。近年來，注重營造創(chuàng)業(yè)發(fā)展的良好環(huán)境，大力實(shí)施“人才強(qiáng)市”戰(zhàn)略；著力打造“信用富陽”、“數(shù)字富陽”、“綠色富陽”；深入開展“七項(xiàng)創(chuàng)建”，城市文明程度不斷提高，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展和投資環(huán)境日臻完善。海納百川，猛進(jìn)如潮。富陽正以前所未有的魅力和活力融入到長(zhǎng)江三角洲經(jīng)濟(jì)圈中。富陽人民熱忱歡迎海內(nèi)外朋友到富春江畔投資興業(yè)、觀光旅游，攜手共創(chuàng)更加美好的明天。

■特色資源

資源豐富，特產(chǎn)眾多。富陽造紙業(yè)已有近二千年的歷史，是聞名全國的“造紙之鄉(xiāng)”。還是全國商品糧基地和重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)茶、產(chǎn)繭地區(qū)，蘆筍、茶葉、豆腐皮、食用菌、竹筍、銀杏、板栗、草莓等特產(chǎn)屢獲獎(jiǎng)牌，聞名遐邇。境內(nèi)礦產(chǎn)資源豐富，已初步探明金屬和非金屬礦藏20多種，其中石灰?guī)r儲(chǔ)量之大，品位之高為國內(nèi)罕見。

富陽冬筍

富陽為浙江第二竹鄉(xiāng)，竹筍為一大特產(chǎn)。冬筍是竹筍之王，生在竹鞭上，潛伏地層，秋季發(fā)芽，冬季成筍。富陽冬筍具有“殼薄肉嫩、切片不碎”的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，做羹佐肴，味甲諸蔬，營養(yǎng)豐富，素享盛名，封建王朝列為貢品。

半山桃子

新登鎮(zhèn)半山村自然風(fēng)光秀美，沒有污染,土質(zhì)優(yōu)良,盛產(chǎn)桃子。每年四上旬，滿山桃花，燦若紅云。每年舉辦“桃花節(jié)”，吸引不少四方賓朋，也打響了半山桃子的品牌，半山村已被列為杭州市都市農(nóng)業(yè)示范園區(qū)。

古籍線裝書

古籍線裝書位于富春江邊的華寶齋富翰文化有限公司，是印制古籍線裝書的知名企業(yè)。他們用自制的古籍印刷專用紙，自己制版、印刷、出版，形成一條龍生產(chǎn)，為國家古籍印刷定點(diǎn)單位，印刷的古籍獲得多項(xiàng)國際、國內(nèi)大獎(jiǎng)。峽嶺湖筆

峽嶺湖筆產(chǎn)于高橋鎮(zhèn)的峽嶺、桃?guī)X等村，以選材精良、制作精心、尖齊健圓，深受書畫家稱贊，尤其是當(dāng)?shù)厣L(zhǎng)的“青苦”竹，為制作湖筆的上乘材料。峽嶺湖筆，筆毫挺拔而堅(jiān)韌，筆桿潔凈而光滑，書寫作畫，柔中有剛，行筆圓潤枯濕相參。著名書畫家周昌谷先生曾稱峽嶺湖筆“選材精良，制作精心，藝事一樂也”。

峽嶺湖筆的筆桿，采用坑西苦竹制成。一是色澤好。愈經(jīng)水漂摩搓，愈是滑潤耐手；存放年代愈久，愈見光亮如油。二是質(zhì)地堅(jiān)韌。用刀絞削不破不裂，竹渣薄如扇頁，明透鑒人。這樣的苦竹，觀之瘦勁典雅，掂之圓渾凝重，是制作筆桿的上品。而且這種竹是立冬以后砍伐的，筆桿不易蟲蛀。

峽嶺湖筆的筆毛挑選也很有講究。羊毛采用頭頸、四腿和胯間的毛鋒毛；山兔毛采用背部的白毫、紫毫，寧精而少，不粗不濫。傳統(tǒng)湖筆的筆毫具有筆鋒尖銳、修削整齊、豐滿圓潤、勁健有力的獨(dú)特風(fēng)格。

三山板栗

板栗為富陽傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品，尤其是三山板栗，因個(gè)大、質(zhì)好，味道美，營養(yǎng)成分豐富，而聞名省內(nèi)。

富陽市栗樹多植于巖邊坡地的微酸和偏酸性土壤，故栗肉中淀粉含量高，含朋蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪、鈣、糖、磷、鐵、維生素甲、乙、丙等多種營養(yǎng)素。生吃，既甜又脆；熟吃，糯中帶甜，異香襲人；亦可加工成菜肴，操作簡(jiǎn)便，美味可口。同時(shí)栗子還具有藥用價(jià)值，著名醫(yī)學(xué)家孫思邈著述：“栗，腎之果也，腎病宜食之；生食治腰、腳不遂?！?/p>

資料提供:富陽市風(fēng)景旅游局