第一篇:2018年河南專升本英語語法16種時態(tài)匯總
2018年河南專升本英語語法16種時態(tài)匯總
英語的基礎(chǔ)知識無非就是單詞+語法,基礎(chǔ)不牢,地動山搖,一切的英語知識都是圍繞著這兩個基礎(chǔ)去開展的。時態(tài)是英語中一個重要的語法范疇,它表示不同時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)以及動作發(fā)生或存在的方式。動作發(fā)生的時間可分為現(xiàn)在、過去、將來和過去將來四種形式,動作發(fā)生的方式可分為一般、完成、進(jìn)行和完成進(jìn)行四種形式。將這時間形式和動作方式結(jié)合起來,就構(gòu)成了以下16種時態(tài)形式(以do為例):
注:構(gòu)成時態(tài)的助動詞be(is, am, are), have(has, have), shall, will 等需根據(jù)主語的變化來選擇。
在這16種時態(tài)中,其中有8種時態(tài)是最重要的,也是用得最多的,是初學(xué)者必須要掌握的,它們是一般現(xiàn)在時(也稱一般現(xiàn)在時)、一般過去時(也稱一般過去時)、一般將來時(也稱一般將來時)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去完成時、過去將來一般時(也稱過去將來時),其余的時態(tài)相對用得較少。
1.一般現(xiàn)在時
用法:
A)表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。
B)習(xí)慣用語。
C)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作。
例:He always helps others.(他總是幫助別人。)
D)客觀事實和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時,則無法保持 主句、從句時態(tài)一致。
E)表示一個按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作,(僅限于某些表示“來、去、動、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動詞)可以與表示未來時間的狀語搭配使用。常見的用法是:飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。
例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.(下一趟火車今天下午3點(diǎn)開車。)
How often does this shuttle bus run?(這班車多久一趟?)
F)在時間和條件狀語從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在(有時也用現(xiàn)在完成時)表示將來事 情。
例:When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成這份報告的時候,我就已經(jīng)等了將近3個小時了。)
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(be doing)
用法:現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(have done)
用法:
A)表示動作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。
例:I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A)didn't sell B)sold C)haven't sold D)would sell
答案是C)haven't sold。
B)表示從過去某時刻開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或情況,并且有可能會繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動詞。時間狀語常用since加一個過去的時間點(diǎn),或for 加一段時間,或by加一個現(xiàn)在時間。
例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A)are to challenge C)have been challenged
B)may be challenged D)are challenging
全句的意思是:“雖然牛頓是個偉大的人物,但他的許多見解直到今天還在受到挑戰(zhàn),并且被現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家的工作所修正?!眂hallenge是及物動詞,在本句中應(yīng)當(dāng)是被動語態(tài);其動作延續(xù)到今天,所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)??梢姶鸢甘荂)have been challenged。A)are to challenge和D)are challenging都是主動語態(tài),不可能是答案。B)may be challenged雖然是被動語態(tài),但意思與全句內(nèi)容不合,所以不對。
C)表示發(fā)生在過去,但對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作或情況。通常用點(diǎn)動詞,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例:John has broken his left leg.(約翰摔斷了左腿。)
注意事項
A)現(xiàn)在完成時是聯(lián)系過去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶?,F(xiàn)在完成時和過去時的區(qū)別在于:現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的動態(tài),或受動態(tài)的影響,是動態(tài)的結(jié)果,對現(xiàn)在有影響;過去時只表示過去的某個具體時間里發(fā)生的動作,與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。
例:He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年。這只是講述一個過去的事實,他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了。)
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年。表示他從過去開始工作,一直工作到現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。)
B)因為含有for加一段時間或since加一個時間點(diǎn)這樣的時間狀語的完成時,有動態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點(diǎn),所以不能使用終端動詞或瞬間動詞。
例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(過去分詞做表語表示狀態(tài),可以延續(xù))
My sister has married.Don't disturb her.(終端動詞)
C)在“this is the first/ second/ third?? time that??”句型里要求用完成時。
例:This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國際展覽會。)
D)句型“It is/ has been??since”所使用的兩種時態(tài)都正確。
例:It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(從我上次見到他以來已經(jīng)10年了。)
E)在“no sooner than”、“hardly/ scarcely ??when”、“before”、“prior to”等句型中,主句要求完成時。
例:I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我從未見過那位教授。)
4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(have been doing)
用法:表示某一動作開始于過去某一時間,延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今,或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來。
例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前為止,我們一直在處理那個項目,已經(jīng)花了一個多月時間了。)
注意事項:與現(xiàn)在完成時相比,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時更強(qiáng)調(diào):在從過去到現(xiàn)在的時間里,動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。
例:1997年6月四級第45 題
It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time.We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A)had leaked B)is leaking
C)leaked D)has been leaking
從本題上下文看,這兩個句子的意思是:“看來,這個管道漏油已有一段時間了,我們將不得不拆卸機(jī)器排除故障。”第二句表示將要采取的措施。第一句動作發(fā)生在第二句之前,并且延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在為止仍在繼續(xù)。因此,空格中需用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。D)has been leaking是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時,因此是本題的答案。有11%的考生誤選了B)is leaking。由于本句有時間狀語for some time,表示謂語動作延續(xù),謂語不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,必須用和完成時有關(guān)的時態(tài)。有些考生誤選了C)leaked或A)had leaked。是因為他們沒有注意到本題第二句是一般將來時,所以第一句的謂語不能用過去時或過去完成時。
5.一般過去時
用法:
A)表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或情況。
B)表示過去習(xí)慣性動作。特別是由would/ used to do表達(dá)的句型,本身表示的 就是過去時。
例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(老人過去常常坐在寧靜的公園里的一條長椅上,看著其他的人,一坐就是數(shù)個小時,什么也不干,也不和任何人交談。)
He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。)
C)有時可代替一般現(xiàn)在時,表達(dá)一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。
例:I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借車用一用,可以嗎?)
Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在這里嗎?)
注意事項:
A)注意時間狀語的搭配。一般過去時的時間狀語應(yīng)該是表示過去某個時間的詞或詞組,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,絕對不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用,因為這樣的時間狀語都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般現(xiàn)在時。
B)used to do的否定形式和疑問形式很特別:你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都對。
Used to do經(jīng)常與 be used to doing sth/ sth結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對比。前者表示“過去常?;蜻^去曾經(jīng)”,要求加動詞原形;后者表示“習(xí)慣于”,要求加名詞或動名詞。
6.過去完成時(had done)
用法:表示在過去的某個時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。就是我們常說的:表示“過去的過去的動作或狀態(tài)”。
Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.A)didn't hear C)hasn't heard B)hasn't been hearing D)hadn't heard
全句的意思是:“到那時為止,他家里已經(jīng)有六個月沒得到他的消息了?!庇纱丝梢钥闯觯^語動詞的動作延續(xù)到過去的某一時刻才完成,因此謂語要用過去完成時。答案是D)。其它選項中:A)didn't hear,因為一般過去時只表示過去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài),所以不能與時間狀語for six months連用。B)hasn't been hearing,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示過去某時刻繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行的動作,與題意不符。C)hasn't heard,現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去某一時刻到現(xiàn)在為止發(fā)生的動作。而題中的then只表示過去的某一時刻,不能表示現(xiàn)在時間。
注意事項:“過去的過去”這種邏輯關(guān)系常通過上下文體現(xiàn)出來,而不一定受某個時間狀語的限制。
例:There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(剛才有人在我們的房間里,因為我們打開前門進(jìn)來時,我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃燒的香煙。)
分析:雖然時間狀語是just now,似乎應(yīng)該使用一般過去時,但是“在房間里”這個狀態(tài)是在“開門”和“注意”這兩個過去的動作之前就存在的,所以應(yīng)該用過去完成時。
7.過去將來時(would/ should do)
用法:表示從過去的某個時間看將要發(fā)生的事。
例:I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四說我將于第二天拜訪我的朋友。)
注意事項:由于過去將來時是由過去時和將來時組合而成的,所以其注意事項可以參考過去時和將來時的相關(guān)注意事項。想學(xué)習(xí)更多英語知識,請關(guān)注口袋英語aikoudaiyy
8.過去進(jìn)行時(was/ were doing)
用法:
A)表示在過去一個比較具體的時間正在發(fā)生的動作。
例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分鐘前,瑪麗正在聽輕音樂。)
B)如果when, while這樣的時間狀語引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的主從句之一是一般過去時,則另一個句子常用過去進(jìn)行時。
例:I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前門時我正在洗頭發(fā)。)
注意事項:其它與將來時有關(guān)的事項請參見下面所講的一般將來時。
9.一般將來時
用法:
A)基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will / shall do。
例:We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我們將送給她一個玻璃的手工制品,作為給她的生日禮物。)
B)有些動詞,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般進(jìn)行時,并且通常與一個表示將來時間的時間狀語連用,可以表示將來時。
例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我媽媽下周將來看我,并會呆到5月。)
C)表示“打算去??,要??”時,可用be going to do。
例:This is just what I am going to say.(這正是我想說的。)
D)表示“即將、正要”時,可用be about to do。強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事。
例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(別擔(dān)心,我馬上就給你做一次仔細(xì)的檢查。)
E)“be to do”的5種用法:
a)表示“按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。
例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你準(zhǔn)會在實驗室見到她。)
b)該做或不該做的事情(語氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一種命令、規(guī)勸性語氣。
例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩子們,你們必須 上床睡覺,不準(zhǔn)吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。)
c)能或不能發(fā)生的事情(接近c(diǎn)an, may)
例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢?)
d)不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情,后來將要發(fā)生的事情。
例:I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible.Have a little patience.A.will be attended B.will be attended to
C.is attended D.is attended to
will be attended to關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是:attend表示“處理,解決”時是不及物動詞,必須與to連用。另外,從上下文看,事情顯然尚未解決,所以應(yīng)該用將來時的被動語態(tài)。答案是B。
e)用于條件從句“如果??想,設(shè)想”(接近if ??want to,或if ??should)
例:Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.A)is to be B)can be C)will be D)has been
答案是A)is to be。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必須作出更大努力來增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量?!?/p>
F)同樣可以表示“正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。
例:The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教練想要放棄這場比賽了,因為對方已經(jīng)射進(jìn)了7個球。)
例:1999年6月四級第65題
I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A)in B)to C)at D)on
答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定詞組,意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是:“當(dāng)他的信到的時候我正要打電話給他?!?/p>
注意事項:
在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞(immediately, the moment, directly)等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句,一般用現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。強(qiáng)調(diào)延續(xù)性或動態(tài)時,可用完成時。
例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回來的時候,他的身體已經(jīng)好多了。)
10.將來進(jìn)行時(will be doing)
用法:強(qiáng)調(diào)在將來的某個具體時間正在發(fā)生的動作或事情。
例:Don't worry, you won't miss her.She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(別擔(dān)心,你不會認(rèn)不出她的。她到時會穿一件紅色的T恤衫和一條白色的短裙。)
注意事項:由于本時態(tài)是由將來時和進(jìn)行時融合在一起的,所以關(guān)于本時態(tài)的注意事項,可參考“一般將來時”和“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時”的有關(guān)注意事項。
11.將來完成時(will have done)
用法:表示從將來的某一時間開始、延續(xù)[]到另一個將來時間的動作或狀態(tài),或是發(fā)生在某個將來時間,但對其后的另一個將來時間有影響的動作或狀態(tài)。就好象把現(xiàn)在完成時平移到時間軸的將來時時段一樣。其用法從和過去及現(xiàn)在有關(guān),變成了和將來及將來的將來有關(guān)。
例:1997年1月四級第22題
The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.A)must have lasted B)will have lasted
C)would last D)has lasted
本題考核謂語動詞的時態(tài)。全句的意思是:“會議從開始到結(jié)束將持續(xù)整整一個星期?!本渲衎y the time it ends表示動作要延續(xù)到將來某一時刻,因此要用將來完成時。答案是B)will have lasted。如果選A),因為情態(tài)動詞must后面接動詞不定式的完成時形式表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定推測,而本句的時間狀語是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended,所以犯了時態(tài)不呼應(yīng)的錯誤。Would雖可以表示推測或可能性,但would last不能表示延續(xù)到將來某一時刻的動作,所以C)would last錯誤。因為D)has lasted是現(xiàn)在完成時,表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動作,不能表示延續(xù)到將來某一時刻的動作,所以也不正確。
注意事項:由于本時態(tài)是由將來時和完成時融合在一起的,所以關(guān)于本時態(tài)的注意事項,可以參考“一般將來時”和“現(xiàn)在完成時”的有關(guān)注意事項。想學(xué)習(xí)更多英語知識,請關(guān)注口袋英語aikoudaiyy
12)將來完成進(jìn)行時:shall have been doing,will have been doing
例:By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.(到下個月底為止,這項工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。)(被動語態(tài))
13)過去完成進(jìn)行時:had been doing
例:The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前,我10歲大的兒子已經(jīng)把這個舊鐘表拆卸并重新組裝了好幾回了。)(此處強(qiáng)調(diào)“拆卸”和“組裝”這兩個過去的過去的動作一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行。)(被動語態(tài))
14)過去將來進(jìn)行時:should be doing , would be doing
例:The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承諾說第二年7月將有一條新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的時間狀語是具體的將來時間,所以最好用將來進(jìn)行時。)(此句為被動語態(tài))
15)過去將來完成時:should have done , would have done
例:I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我堅信到那年年底為止,那個軟件的新版本將被開發(fā)出來。但是我錯了。)(此句為被動語態(tài))
16)過去將來完成進(jìn)行時:should have been doing , would have been doing
例:They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.(他們說到第二個月底為止,這項工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。)
第二篇:河南專升本考試英語語法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題——動詞時態(tài),被動語態(tài)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時
1.一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習(xí)慣性動作、客觀真理、科學(xué)事實、格言,目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。
2.主句是一般將來時,時間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如:
I’ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.3.在以here,there開頭的句子里,go,come等少數(shù)動詞的一般在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作。例如:There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.汽車來了。Here she comes.她來了。
二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
1.表示正在進(jìn)行的動作。
2.表示按計劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作。例如:She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.這個星期六我爸爸要來看我。
3.代替一般現(xiàn)在時,描繪更加生動。例如:The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。The sun is rising in the east.太陽從東方冉冉升起。
4.大多數(shù)動詞可用于進(jìn)行時,但也有些動詞不用于進(jìn)行時。常見的有:exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget, believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。
三、現(xiàn)在完成時
1.表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果,或說話時已完成的動作。例如:I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示從過去開始,待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段時間狀語連用。例如:He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別: 1)用兩種時態(tài)來表述發(fā)生在過去的某一動作,現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)這一過去動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果,而一般過去時只表達(dá)過去的動作或狀態(tài),和現(xiàn)在關(guān)系不 大。例如:She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改為cleaned.一是因為cleaned與現(xiàn)狀無關(guān),二是因為一般過去時不可突然跳到It’s…這樣的一般現(xiàn)在時。)2)漢語中的“了”、“過”、“曾”等詞常用完成表達(dá),如:I have seen that film.(我看過那部電影了。)但是如果是在特定的過去時間“看了”、“做過”,就不可用完成時而必須用一般過去進(jìn)來表達(dá)。例如:When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么時候看了那部電影?我昨天看的。)不能說:When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地(人已回來)”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了(還未回來)”用“have/has gone to”.例如:
——Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.-She has been there.5.短暫動詞(即瞬間動詞),join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,break out等,在完成時態(tài)中,其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如不能說:He has finished the work for three hours.要翻譯“他已完成工作三小時了?!笨刹捎?)“ago法”:He finished the work three hours ago.2)“延續(xù)法”:He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3)“since法”:It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時
1.用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(或今后還要繼續(xù)一去)的動作。例如:He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.2.凡是不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的動詞均不能用于現(xiàn)成完成進(jìn)行時。五、一般過去時
表達(dá)特定的過去時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況,或過去某一時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為。
六、過去進(jìn)行時
1.表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作(這一過去時間須用時間狀語表示)。例如:He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示動作在另一過去動作發(fā)生時進(jìn)行。例如:They were still working when I left.3.用在兩個過去進(jìn)行時動作同時發(fā)生。例如:I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示過去將來動作。例如:He said she was arriving the next day.七、過去完成時
1.表示在過去某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作。例如:He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某個時刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個過去時刻才完成,甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。例如:At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等動詞的過去完成時來表示未實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。例如:We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般將來時
一般將來時表示將來要發(fā)生的動作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式:
1.will/shall do(側(cè)重將來行為,不突出計劃安排去做某事)
2.be going to do(主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生)
3.be doing(按計劃將要發(fā)生,常和表示最近的將來時間連用)
4.be about to do(按計劃即將發(fā)生)
九、將來完成時
用來表示在將來某個時刻(前)將完成的動作。常和by短語,when,before引起的時間狀語連用。例如:We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.時態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析
1.——Can I join your club,dad?
——You can when you______a bit older.A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got 析:“You can”是將來意,when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來所以此題答案為A.2.——Oh,it’s you!I______you.——I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.A.didn’t recognize
B.hadn’t recognized
C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recongnize
析:從“Oh,it’s you!”可知說話時已認(rèn)出對方?!皼]有認(rèn)出”是在此之前為過去情況,所以應(yīng)選A.3.I don’t think Jim saw me;he______into space.A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared 析:在空白處應(yīng)選一個與“saw”相配,能解釋Jim didn’t see me 這一原因的選項,只有著眼于A、B。若選A不能體觀他“當(dāng)時正在做”某事,故排除A而選B。這樣因為“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。4.——______my glasses? ——Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen 析:現(xiàn)在完成時可表過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果,問話人以這樣的時態(tài)發(fā)問可作現(xiàn)焦急的心情。故答案為D。
5.You don’t need to describe her.I______her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet 析:答案B。道理同4。
6.——Do you know our town at all? ——No,this is the first time I______here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am going 析:根據(jù)this/it is the first/second/…time sb.has done sth.句型,可定答案為B。又如:This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.7.I don’t really work here.I______until the new secretary arrives.A.just help out
B.have just helped out
C.am just helping out D.will just help out
析:根據(jù)I don’t really work here.以及…until the new secretary arrives,可知說話人所要做的事是計劃安排行為,C、D兩個選項都表將來動作,但D非計劃安排,C則體現(xiàn)按計劃去做,所以此題答案為C。
8.——Is this raincoat yours? ——No,mine______there behind the door.A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung 析:此題的“懸掛”是指現(xiàn)狀而言,故表過去“掛”的B、D項可排除。C項雖指“現(xiàn)在掛”,但側(cè)重在常規(guī),習(xí)慣。為了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的,我的正掛在門后”這一意思,選A是極為合情理的。
被動語態(tài)
一、被動語態(tài)的句型
1.常見句式是:主語(受動者)+be+過去分詞+(by+施動者)
例如:He was scolded by the English teacher.2.主語+get+過去分詞+其它成分
例如:The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.注意:使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)不能帶有“by+施動者”
被動:1)I was lent a bike(by her).?
3.帶有雙賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語)的主動句變?yōu)閯泳?,其主語可以是直接賓語,也可以是間接賓語。例如:She lent me a bike.2)A bike was lent to me(by her).4.情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞
例如:This problem must be worked out in half an hour.5.雙重被動式:主語+被動式謂語+不定式的被動式+其它成分
例如;These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主動表示被動的幾種情況
1.不及物動詞與狀語連用,用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見動詞 是:cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如:This knife cuts well.這把刀好切。These books sell well.這些書好賣。The pen writes smoothly.這支筆寫起來流暢。Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長久。The cloth washes well.這種布好洗。
2.一些連系動詞的主動式+形容詞。常見動look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如:The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注:prove也可用于被動式,如:His answer(was)proved right.3.不定式在某些形容詞之后,且與主語有動賓關(guān)系。常見形容詞 有:hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如:The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比較:The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.沒有形容詞時,雖然不定式與主語是動賓關(guān)系,但必須用被動式。
三、容易誤用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況:
1.I teach myself French.不可變?yōu)镸yself is taught French.因為反身代詞不可作主語。
2.We help each other/one another.不可變?yōu)镋ach other/One another is helped by us.因為相互代詞不可作主語。
3.He lost heart.不可變?yōu)镠eart was lost by him.因為象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought這類動賓結(jié)構(gòu)的固定短語只能用于主動式,不能用被動式。
4.She took part in the sports meet.不能變?yōu)門he sports meet was taken part in by her.因為象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表狀態(tài)動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。
被動語態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析
1.I need one more stamp before my collection______.A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed 析:complete是及物動詞,“郵集”是被人完成的,須從表被動意的C、D中選擇。又因before等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中謂語要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來,所以此題答案為D。2.——Do you like the material?
——Yes,it______very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt 析:觀察題干,空白線后無賓語,可知feel是不及物動詞,表“(某物)摸起來…”意思,是連系動詞,不能用于被動式,也不用進(jìn)行時。根據(jù)此題對話情景,是指某種材料的常規(guī)特性,要用一般現(xiàn)在時,不能用過去時,故答案為C。feel作“感覺”、“認(rèn)為”、“摸”等意時是及物動詞,可帶賓語,有時態(tài),語態(tài)等 變化。
3.Great changes______in the city,and a lot of factories______.A.have been taken place…h(huán)ave been set up
B.have taken place…h(huán)ave been set up
C.have taken place…h(huán)ave set up
D.were taken place…were set up
析:take place(發(fā)生)是不及物動詞,不可用于被動語態(tài),于是可排除A、D,又因set up(建造)是及物動詞,在此題中應(yīng)該用被動式,故排除C,答案為B。4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 析:首先可排除B。因為它不表示“被邀請”。又因D項少引導(dǎo)詞who,也應(yīng)排除。A項=who were invited,C項=who were being invited,由象invite這類短暫動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞被動式不可作后置定語,故也應(yīng)排除。因而可定答案為A。
5.I don’t know the restaurant,but it’s______to be quite a good one.A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked 析:根據(jù)“某人/某物據(jù)說…”英文句式為“sb/sth.is said…”可定答案為A。又如:He is said to be a clever boy.據(jù)說他是一個聰明的男孩。
6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.A.has broken into…h(huán)as been stolen B.has broken into…h(huán)ad been stolen
C.has been broken into…stolen
D.had been broken into…stolen 析:“房屋被人闖入”,“東西被偷”都是被動語態(tài),故可排除A、B。因C項中的has been broken into不能置于found之后,則答案只能是D。7.I promise that the matter will______.A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of 析:take care of…是固定短語,若無of則不可帶賓語,只能跟that從句。所以此題答案為B。8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A.are not kept…will have to
B.are not kept…h(huán)ave to
C.do not keep…will have to
D.do not keep…h(huán)ave to
析:觀察題干,第一處必須用被動式,答案只能在A、B中選一。條件句用一般現(xiàn)在時,主句應(yīng)為一般將來時,故答案為A。
9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 析;要表達(dá)“被舉行”,只能在B、C中選。B意“將要首次舉行”。顯然不合in 776 BC這一過去時間,只有C,first played(=which was first played)才合用。故答案為C。10.This sentence needs______.A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved 析:初看此題似手A、C皆可,但improvement是元音開頭詞,其前要用an,故排除。need作實義動詞,和require,want一樣,后面 可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被…”意。如:The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(這扇門需要漆一下。)11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.A.am not B.haven’t been
C.was not D.will not be 析:should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”,例如:I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn’t possible.由于這種句式表示“過去想”,所以but后的句子也應(yīng)該是過去時態(tài)與之相配合,故此題答案是C。
12.——______the note______to Mr Smith?
——No,It is still in my pocket.A.Is…being given B.Was…given C.Has…been given D.Hasn’t…been given
析:根據(jù)問句與答句,問話人顯然是注重結(jié)果,故要用現(xiàn)在完成時。似乎D作為反詰句“難道條還沒給史密斯先生嗎?”也成立,但若是這種口氣發(fā)問,答話人就應(yīng)答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此題答案應(yīng)為C。
13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.A.say B.said C.to say D.be said 析:It was said that…可以改為We heard it said that…(都表示“據(jù)說…”之意)。前一種說法中It 是形式主語,后一種說法中it是形式賓語。故此題答案為B。
動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)專練
1.The maths problem can be______.A.easy worked out B.easy to be worked out C.easily worked out D.easily to work out 2.Every possible means______,but none proves successful.A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried 3.The girl is to______a rich man.A.marry with B.be married C.marry to D.be married to 4.He received a telegram that______“Mother sick”.A.wrote B.says C.reads D.read 5.Who can you imagine______to his wedding party? A.inviting B.being invited C.was invited D.to be invited 6.I______ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given 7.——Will somebody go and get Dr.White? ——He’s already been______.A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for 8.A conductor______to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.A.needs B.is needing C.was needed D.has been needed 9.When and where to build the new factory______yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 10.Ways______to stop pollution by now.A.must find B.will be found C.are found D.have been found 11.I don’t want anything______about it.A.to say B.said C.saying D.having said 12.——______that the sports meet might be put off.——Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.I’ve been told
B.I’ve told
C.I’m told
D.I told 13.A library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 14.Betty has never been heard _______ill of others.A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.was said 15.Tom______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.A.said B.says C.is said D.was said 16.——What do you think of the book?
——Oh,excellent.It’s worth______a second time.A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read 17.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking.18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.Having given
19.——where______the book?I can’t see it anywhere.——I______it right here but now it’s gone.A.did you put;have put
B.have you put;put C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have put 20.He would not fail so long as he______hard the next term.A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.studies 21.How long______the English party______? A.has;been lasted B.did;last C.was;lasted D.will;be lasted 22.What______you______this time next Friday? A.will;do B.have;been doing C.are;doing D.will;be doing 23.Hardly______the bell______when the teacher came in.A.did;ring B.would;ring C.has;rung D.had;rung 24.It______and the streets were still wet.A.had been raining B.rained C.had been rained D.would rain 25.The book______on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.A.is lying B.has lain C.lay D.has been lying 26.We______there when it______to rain.A.were getting;would begin B.were about to get;began C.had got;had begun
D.would get;began 27.The teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this term.A.should have studied B.were going to study C.have studied
D.should study 28.——she told me she had met you in London last year.——______you______her since? A.Had;met B.Did;see C.Would;meet D.Have;seen 29.——When______again?
——When he______,I’ll let you know.A.will he come;will come B.will he come;come C.he comes;comes
D.will he come;comes 30.Tom______for more than a week.A.has left B.had gone away C.went away D.has been away 31.——What happened to her teeth?
——She______the apple more than she could chew.A.has bitten B.bit C.had been bitting D.bites 32.Shakespeare was said______37 famous plays in his lifetime.A.finishing writing B.to finish writing
C.having written
D.to have written 33.——You’ve agreed to go.So why aren’t you getting ready?
——But I______that you______me to start at once.A.don’t realize;want
B.don’t realize;wanted
C.haven’t realized;want
D.didn’t realize;wanted 34.——I missed the lecture last night.——Oh,what a pity!I wish______.A.you heared it
B.you had heard it
C.you never heard it
D.you hadn’t heard it
35.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I______it.A.finished B.am going to finish C.will finish D.have finished 36.——Your phone number again?I______quite catch it.——It’s 9586442.A.didn’t
B.couldn’t
C.don’t
D.can’t 37.——I’m sorry to keep you waiting.——Oh,not at all.I______here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be 38.When I was at college.I______three foreign languages,but I______all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten
B.spoke;have forgotten
C.had spoedn;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten 39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving 40.——Who is Jerry Cooper?
——______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A.Don’t you meet him yet
B.Hadn’t you met him yet
C.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet 41.——We could have walked to the station.It was so near.——Yes,a taxi______at all necessary.A.wasn’t
B.hadn’t been
C.wouldn’t be
D.won’t be
42.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose______to her? A.was happening B.to happen C.has haqqend D.having happened 43.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy 44.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.A.read;was falling
B.was reading;fell
C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell 45.I______the bad cold for a week,still I can’t get rid of it.A.caught B.have caught C.have D.have had 46.I______the time______so quickly.A.didn’t realize;had passed
B.don’t realize;passed
C.haven’t realized;passed
D.hadn’t realized;had passed
47.——My watch______twelve o’clock.It’s so late.——Let’s hurry up.A.is said B.says C.is told D.tells 48.Helen______her key in the office so she had to wait her husband_____home.A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come 49.The pen I______I______is on my desk,right under my nose.A.think;lost B.thought;had lost C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost 50.——Jane has just arrived.——I didn’t know she______.A.is coming B.was coming C.had been coming D.will come
動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)專練答案
1-5 C A D D C 6-10 B B C A D 21-25 B D D A D 26-30 B A D D D 41-45 A C A B D 46-50 A B C B B
-15 B A A C C 16-20 C A A B A 31-35 B D D B D 36-40 A A B B D 11
第三篇:英語語法—動詞時態(tài)(推薦)
動詞時態(tài)
英語語法中的時態(tài)(tense)是一種動詞形式,不同的時態(tài)用以表示不同的時間與方式。動詞時態(tài)是表示行為、動作和狀態(tài)在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。因此,當(dāng)我們說時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時候,指的是相應(yīng)時態(tài)下的動詞形式。
所謂“時”就是行為發(fā)生的時段或狀態(tài)存在的時段,即:“現(xiàn)在、進(jìn)行、過去、將來”四種;所謂“態(tài)”就是行為或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時所呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài),有一般狀態(tài)、進(jìn)行狀態(tài)、完成狀態(tài)和完成進(jìn)行狀態(tài)四種。由時態(tài)結(jié)合,便形成下列十六種時態(tài): 一般現(xiàn)在時,一般過去時,一般將來時,一般過去將來時; 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,過去進(jìn)行時,將來進(jìn)行時,過去將來進(jìn)行時; 現(xiàn)在完成時,過去完成時,將來完成時,過去將來完成時;
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時,過去完成進(jìn)行時,將來完成進(jìn)行時,過去將來完成進(jìn)行時. 一般現(xiàn)在時
1.概念:表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況、有規(guī)律出現(xiàn)的情況、總是發(fā)生的事和事實真理。2.時間狀語:Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month?),once a week(day, year, month?),on Sundays(on Mondays ?).3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語 + do/does +其他;(如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),動詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式)。
4.否定形式:主語 + am/is/are + not + 其他(此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞)。5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放于句首;用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。6.例句:(1)It seldom snows here.這里很少下雪。
(2)He is always ready to help others.他總是樂于幫助別人。(3)Action speaks louder than words.事實勝于雄辯。一般過去時
1.概念:過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。
2.時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month?),in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語 + 動詞的過去式或be的過去式+名詞。
4.否定形式:主語 + was/were + not + 其他(在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞)。5.一般疑問句:was或were放于句首;用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。6.例句:(1)She often came to help us in those days.那些天她經(jīng)常來幫助我們。(2)I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是這么忙。一般將來時
1.概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動作、打算、計劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。
2.標(biāo)志:Tomorrow, soon, in a few minutes,,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):(1)主語 + am/is/are + going to + do sth(2)主語 + will/shall + do + do sth 4.否定句:在系動詞is/am/are或情態(tài)動詞will/shall后加not 5.一般疑問句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。{首字母大寫} 6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他們將有一場比賽和我們一起研究。
It is going to rain.天要下雨了。一般過去將來時
1.概念:立足于過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語從句中。2.時間狀語:The next day(morning , year?),the following month(week?),etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語 + was/were + going to + do + 其它;主語 + would/should + do +其它 4.否定形式:主語 + was/were + not + going to + do;主語 + would/should + not + do.5.一般疑問句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。6.例句:(1)He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他說他第二天要去北京。(2)I asked who was going there.我問,誰要去那里。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
1.概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作及行為。2.時間狀語:Now, at this time, days, etc.look, listen 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+ be + doing + 其它
4.否定形式:主語 + be + not +doing + 其它 5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放于句首。
6.例句:How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺如何? He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現(xiàn)得很好。過去進(jìn)行時
1.概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動作。
2.時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語+was/were +doing +其它
4.否定形式:主語+was/were + not +doing+其它 5.一般疑問句:把was或were放于句首。(第一個字母大寫)
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段時間她在人民解放軍部隊工作。When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他進(jìn)來時,我正在讀報紙。將來進(jìn)行時
1.概念:表示將來某一時間正在進(jìn)行的動作,或表示要在將來某一時間開始,并繼續(xù)下去的動作。常用來表示詢問、請求等。
2.時間狀語:Soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this time,in two days, tomorrow evening 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語 + shall/will + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其它
4.否定形式:主語 + shall/will + not + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其它
5.例句:This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的這個時間,他們正坐在電影院。
He won’t be coming to the party.他不去參加聚會了。過去將來進(jìn)行時 1.概念:表示就過去某一時間而言,將來某一時刻或某一段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作,主要用于賓語從句中,尤其多用于間接引語中。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu):should/would + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞
3.例句:They said they would be coming.他們說了他們將要來。
He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他說他不能來因為要開會?,F(xiàn)在完成時
1.概念:過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。2.時間狀語:yet, already ,just, never, ever, so far, by now, since + 時間點(diǎn),for + 時間段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語 + have/has + p.p(過去分詞)+ 其它
4.否定形式:主語 + have/has + not + p.p(過去分詞)+ 其它 5.一般疑問句:have或has放句首。
6.例句:I've written an article.我已經(jīng)寫了一篇論文。
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在過去的幾年,農(nóng)村發(fā)生了巨大的變化。過去完成時
1.概念:以過去某個時間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即“過去的過去”。
2.時間狀語:Before, by the end of last year(term, month?),etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語 + had + p.p(過去分詞)+ 其它
4.否定形式:主語 + had + not +p.p(過去分詞)+ 其它 5.一般疑問句:had放于句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.當(dāng)我們到車站的時候,火車已經(jīng)開走了。
By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.到上個月底,我們已經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)了四本書。基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語 + had + p.p(過去分詞)+ 其它 ①肯定句:主語 + had + p.p(過去分詞)+ 其它
②否定句:主語 + had + not + p.p(過去分詞)+ 其它 ③一般疑問句:Had +主語 + p.p(過去分詞)+其它 ④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句 將來完成時
1.概念:在將來某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態(tài)。
2.時間狀語:by the time of;by the end of + 時間短語(將來);by the time + 從句(將來)3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語 + be going to/will/shall + have + p.p(過去分詞)+ 其它 4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回來的時候,就將發(fā)生巨大的變化。過去將來完成時
1.概念:表示在過去某一時間對將來某一時刻以前所會發(fā)生的動作,常用在虛擬語氣中,表示與過去的事實相反。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu):should/would have done sth.3.例句:I thought you'd have left by this time.我想這會兒你已經(jīng)走了。
He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告訴他們他會在8點(diǎn)以前干完?,F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時
1.概念:表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。這一動作可能剛剛開始,也可能仍在繼續(xù),并可能延續(xù)到將來。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語 + have/has + been + doing + 其它 3.時間狀語:since + 時間點(diǎn),for + 時間段等。
4.例子:I have been sitting here for an hour.我已經(jīng)在這里坐了一個小時。
The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.從6點(diǎn)起,孩子們一直看電視。過去完成進(jìn)行時
1.概念:表示某個正在進(jìn)行的動作或狀態(tài),持續(xù)到過去某個時刻,還未完成,一直持續(xù)到之后的當(dāng)前才結(jié)束。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語 + had + been + doing + 其它
3.例子:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考試之前一直患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他們期待這個消息有一段時間了吧? 4.特殊含義:①尚未完成:He had been writing the novel.他已經(jīng)在寫小說了。(他沒寫完)②企圖:He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過這個諺語。(他曾努力學(xué)習(xí)過它)③未得結(jié)果:We had been studying what our enemy had said.我們一直致力于敵人所說的。(但是我們沒有理解)
④最近情況:He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一場架。(最近)⑤反復(fù)動作:He had been asking me the same question.他一直問我相同的問題。(屢次)⑥情緒:What had he been doing?他做了什么 將來完成進(jìn)行時
1.概念:表示動作從某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到將來某一時間。是否繼續(xù)下去,要視上下文而定。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu):shall/will have been doing 3.例子:I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底,我將在這個工廠工作20年了。
If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there.咱們?nèi)绮豢煲稽c(diǎn)兒,等我們到了那兒,店門就會關(guān)了。過去將來完成進(jìn)行時
1.概念:表示從過去某時看至未來某時以前會一直在進(jìn)行的動作。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu):should/would + have + been +現(xiàn)在分詞
3.例子:He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告訴我,到年底時,他就在那住了30年了。
第四篇:2012年8月最新整理英語語法時態(tài)匯總
一般現(xiàn)在時
【1】一般現(xiàn)在時的意義
1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。例:The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。
例:I get up at six every day.我天天六點(diǎn)起床。3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實。
例:The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
【2】一般現(xiàn)在時結(jié)構(gòu) 1.含be動詞的句子 主語 +be(am,is,are)+其它。例: I am a girl.我是一個女孩。
2.含行為動詞的句子————行為動詞:表示具體動作的詞如eat drink run make等 主語 +行為動詞+(其它)。
例:We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。
*當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it,具體人名或者單個物體)時,要在動詞后加“-s”或“-es”或變y為i+es。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。
*“我”用am“你”用are
I am
you are
it/she/he is Is分給“它”“他”“她” 【3】一般現(xiàn)在時變否定句
1.含be動詞的變化。
主語+ be(is、am、are)not +其它
例:He is not a worker.他不是工人。2.不含be動詞的變化
主語+ don't(doesn't)+動詞原形+(其它)(do not=don’t
does not=doesn’t)
例:I don't like bread.【4】一般現(xiàn)在時變一般疑問句及其回答 1.含be動詞的變化。Be+主語+其它。
例:I am a student.我是一名學(xué)生。——Are you a student? 你是一名學(xué)生嗎?Yes I am./
No I am not.例:He is a student.他是一名學(xué)生?!狪s he a student?他是一名學(xué)生嗎?Yes he is./
No he is not.2.含行為動詞的變化。
Do(Does)+主語+動詞原形+其它。
例:Do you often play football?
Yes, I do./ No, I don't.Does she go to work by bike?
Yes, she does./ No, she doesn't.【5】一般現(xiàn)在時變特殊疑問句
特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句。例:Where
is my bike?
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
【1】 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的意義
1、表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作
2、表示當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作 【2】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定句:
主語+be+動詞ing 例:He is playing basketball.否定句:
主語+be not+動詞ing 例:He is not playing basketball.一般疑問句:
把be動詞提到句首
例:Is he playing basketball.特殊疑問句:
疑問詞+be +主語+動詞ing 例:Where is he playing basketball? 疑問詞當(dāng)主語時:
疑問詞+be+動詞ing 例:Who is playing basketball?
一般過去時
【1】一般過去時的意義
1. 一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過去的時間狀語連用
2. 一般過去時也表示過去經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作 【2】 一般過去時的結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定句:
①含be動詞 主語+was/were+其他
例:It was Sunday yesterday.②不含be動詞 主語+動詞過去式+其他
例:He went to school yesterday.否定句:
① 含be動詞
例:It was not Sunday yesterday.②不含be動詞
主語+did+not+動詞原形+其他
例:He did not go to school yesterday.疑問句:
①含be動詞——將was/were提前到句首 Was/were+主語+其他?
例:Was it Sunday yesterday? ② 不含be動詞
Did+主語+動詞原形+其他? Did he go to school yesterday?
一般將來時
【1】意義
1.表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) 2.打算、計劃或預(yù)備做某事 【2】結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定句
1.主語+be going to do+其他
例:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.2.主語+will do+其他
例:I will go swimming tomorrow.否定句
1.主語+be not going to do+其他
例:I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.2.主語+will not do+其他
例:I will not go swimming tomorrow.疑問句
1.Be+主語+ going to do+其他?
例:Are you going to have a picnic this afternoon?
2.Will+主語+do+其他? 例:Will you go swimming tomorrow?
第五篇:初中英語語法時態(tài)總結(jié)
初中英語語法動詞時態(tài)總結(jié) 一、一般現(xiàn)在時
1)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作,常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七點(diǎn)離開家。2)客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實。例如:
The earth moves around the sun.地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中國東部。3)表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗。
注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。4)現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。例如: I don't want so much.我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。
比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup.把糖放入杯子。I am doing my homework now.我正在做功課。
第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時,用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志,表示正在進(jìn)行的動作的客觀狀況,所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。二、一般過去時
1)在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如: Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了?
2)表示在過去一段時間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那時,布朗一家無論什么時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb.to do sth “到……時間了” “該……了”。例如:It is time for you to go to bed.你該睡覺了。
It is time that sb.did sth.“時間已遲了” “早該……了”,例如It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺了。
would(had)rather sb.did sth.表示'寧愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。
4)wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等,而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去,現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在
。例如:I thought you might have some.我以為你想要一些。
比較:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義:她已不在人間。)Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義:她現(xiàn)在還活著)Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含義:達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含義:現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)注意: 用過去時表示現(xiàn)在,表示委婉語氣。
1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如: Did you want anything else? 您還要些什么嗎? I wondered if you could help me.能不能幫我一下。2)情態(tài)動詞 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車,能借用一些嗎? 11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do:“過去常?!北硎具^去習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài),但如今已不存在。例如: Mother used not to be so forgetful.老媽過去沒那么健忘。Scarf used to take a walk.斯卡夫過去常常散步。
be used to + doing:對……已感到習(xí)慣,或“習(xí)慣于”,to是介詞,后需加名詞或動名詞。例如:
He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習(xí)慣于散步了。典型例題
----Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.----It's 69568442.A.didn't B.couldn't C.don't D.can't
答案A.本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發(fā)生在過去,因此應(yīng)用過去時。三、一般將來時
1)shall用于第一人稱,常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱,在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。例如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點(diǎn)回家好嗎? 2)be going to +不定式,表示將來。
a.主語的意圖,即將做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
b.計劃,安排要發(fā)生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開播。
c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.看那烏云,快要下雨了。
3)be +不定式表將來,按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例如: We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。4)be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如: He is about to leave for Beijing.他馬上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。5)be going to / will 用于條件句時,be going to表將來,will表意愿。例如: If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.6)be to和be going to
be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如: I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)7)一般現(xiàn)在時表將來
1)下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.汽車什么時候開?十分鐘后。2)以here, there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進(jìn)行。例如: Here comes the bus.= The bus is coming.車來了。There goes the bell.= The bell is ringing.鈴響了。3)在時間或條件句中。例如:
When Bill comes(不是will come), ask him to wait for me.比爾來后,讓他等我。I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里,就寫信給你。4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如: I hope they have a nice time next week.我希望他們下星期玩得開心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.離開房間前,務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了。8)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時標(biāo)將來
下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示將來。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?
四、現(xiàn)在完成時
現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài),其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成:have(has)+過去分詞。11.10 比較一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時
1)一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作;現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。
2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆為具體的時間狀語。
現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不確定的時間狀語。
共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了)
I have seen this film.(強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了)Why did you get up so early?(強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?(強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭)
He has been in the League for three years.(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))He has been a League member for three years.(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.4)用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型
1)It is the first / second time....that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分,用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如: It is the first time that I have visited the city.這是我第一次訪問這城市。This is the first time(that)I've heard him sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.2)This is +形容詞最高級+that…結(jié)構(gòu),that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如: This is the best film that I've(ever)seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。典型例題
(1)---Do you know our town at all?---No, this is the first time I ___ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming
答案B.This is the first time 后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時,故選B。
(2)---Have you ____ been to our town before?---No, it's the first time I ___ here.A.even, come B.even, have come C.ever, come D.ever, have come 答案D.ever意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時,反意詞為never,此兩詞常用于完成時。
注意:非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。
(錯)I have received his letter for a month.6(對)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.5)比較since 和for
Since 用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。例如: I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。I have lived here since I was born.我從出生起就住在這兒了。注意:并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years.(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)注意:用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法,很容易排除非延續(xù)動詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時中的誤用。1)(對)Tom has studied Russian for three years.= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2)(錯)Harry has got married for six years.= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.顯然,第二句不對,它應(yīng)改為 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.6)since的四種用法
1)since +過去一個時間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:
I have been here since 1989.1989起,我一直在這兒。2)since +一段時間+ ago。例如:
I have been here since five months ago.我在這兒,已經(jīng)有五個月了。3)since +從句。例如:
Great changes have taken place since you left.你走后,變化可大了。Great changes have taken place since we were here.我們走后,變化可大了。4)It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如:
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我考上研究生有兩年了。7)延續(xù)性動詞與瞬間動詞 1)用于完成時的區(qū)別
延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷; 瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如:
He has completed the work.他已完成了那項工作。(表結(jié)果)
I've known him since then.我從那時起就認(rèn)識他了。(表經(jīng)歷)2)用于till / until從句的差異
延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句,表示“做……直到……” 瞬間動詞用于否定句,表示“到……,才……”。例如:
He didn't come back until ten o'clock.他到10 點(diǎn)才回來。He slept until ten o'clock.他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。典型例題
1.You don't need to describe her.I ___ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet
答案B.首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.---Oh, not at all.I ___here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be
答案A.等待的動作由過去開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。
五、過去完成時
1)概念:表示過去的過去
----|----------|--------|----> 其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。那時以前 那時 現(xiàn)在 2)用法
a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。例如: She said(that)she had never been to Paris.她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。b.狀語從句
在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中,發(fā)生在先,用過去完成時;發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.警察到達(dá)時,小偷們早就跑了。
c.表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示“原本…,未能…”。例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。
3)過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:
He said that he had learned some English before.他說過他以前學(xué)過一些英語。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.湯姆失望了,因為他到達(dá)晚會時,大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.A.had written, left B,were writing, has left C.had written, had left D.were writing, had left
答案D.“把書忘在辦公室”發(fā)生在“去取書”這一過去的動作之前,因此“忘了書”這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去,用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點(diǎn),表示在“同學(xué)們正忙于……”這一背景下,when所引導(dǎo)的動作發(fā)生。因此前一句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時。
注意: had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me.我剛打開門,他就打了我。had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他剛買了這輛車,轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。4)一般過去時代替過去完成時
1)兩個動作如按順序發(fā)生,又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一般過去時。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed.她看到老鼠,就叫了起來。My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。)兩個動作相繼發(fā)生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited.3)敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。例如: Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.六、將來完成時
1)構(gòu)成will have done 2)概念
a.狀態(tài)完成:表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態(tài)。例如:
They will have been married for 20 years by then.到那時他們結(jié)婚將有二十年了。b.動作完成:表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前,已經(jīng)完成的動作或獲得的經(jīng)驗。例如:
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.明天此時,你已經(jīng)到達(dá)上海了。
七、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的基本用法:
a.表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時)正在發(fā)生的事情。例如: We are waiting for you.我們正在等你。
b.習(xí)慣進(jìn)行:表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如:
Mr.Green is writing another novel.他在寫另一部小說。(說話時并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)
c.表示漸變,這樣的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如: The leaves are turning red.葉子在變紅。It's getting warmer and warmer.天越來越熱了。
d.與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind.你老是改變主意。典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.A.has lost, don't find B.is missing, don't find C.has lost, haven't found D.is missing, haven't found.答案D.前句是一個仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài),應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時,由于沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應(yīng)用完成時,瞬間動詞用于否定式時可用于完成時。2)不用進(jìn)行時的動詞
1)事實狀態(tài)的動詞,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers.我有兩兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister.這房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help.我需要你的幫助。He loves her very much.他愛她很深。
3)瞬間動詞,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:
I accept your advice.我接受你的勸告。
4)系動詞,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:
You seem a little tired.你看上去有點(diǎn)累。
八、過去進(jìn)行時
1)概念:表示過去某時正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動作。
2)過去進(jìn)行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景;一個長動作延續(xù)的時候,另一個短動作發(fā)生。
3)常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我兄弟騎車時摔了下來,受了傷。
It was raining when they left the station.他們離開車站時,正下著雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到達(dá)山頂時,陽光燦爛。典型例題
1)Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.A.made B.is making C.was making D.makes 答案C.割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用過去時。同時,when表時間的同時性,“瑪麗在做衣服時”提供事情發(fā)生的背景,因此用過去進(jìn)行時。
2)As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.A.read;was falling B.was reading; fell C.was reading; was falling D.read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while,意為“當(dāng)……之時”。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時,用過去進(jìn)行;一個長動作發(fā)生的時候,另一個短動作發(fā)生。句意為 “在她看報紙時,奶奶睡著了?!本渲械?fell(fall的過去時),是系動詞,后跟形容詞,如:fall sick。
動詞時態(tài)形式一覽表