第一篇：新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)第54課教案大全

Lesson54 Sticky fingers

上課時(shí)間：

上課地點(diǎn): 教學(xué)用書(shū)：新概念二

教學(xué)目標(biāo)： 掌握生詞和短語(yǔ)sticky

pastry receiver be dismayed at sth 等

教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)：no sooner……than……一……就……=

hardly…when

主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，than后面的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

教學(xué)過(guò)程:

復(fù)習(xí)上節(jié)課已學(xué)過(guò)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在

完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法及區(qū)別 新課教學(xué)：

【New words and expressions】

sticky adj.黏

sticky fingers sticky rice

I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers.have sticky fingers手腳不干凈

The boy who has sticky fingers has been fired many times.手腳不干凈的那個(gè)男孩已經(jīng)被開(kāi)除很多次了。stick n.棍棒

a walking stick拐棍，手杖 v.粘貼 stuck stuck sticking Dust could stick to the clothing easily.v.堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)守，不放棄

stick to one?s position/ view/ opinion/rules

finger

n.pie n.餡餅

I decided to make some meat pies.an apple pie some pumpkin pies as easy as pie易如反掌，輕而易舉

mix ① vt.使混和，拌和 mix A and B I was busy mixing butter and flour.我忙著攪和黃油和面粉 mix A into B You can mix some salt into the flour.你可以在面粉混合一些鹽。

mix A with B

Oil does not mix with water.② vi.交往，相處

I’m not going to mix with those people.我不打算和那些人來(lái)往。Mary doesn’t mix much.瑪麗不太和人交往。

mixed adj.混合的 a mixed school pastry n.面糊,糕點(diǎn)

My hands were soon covered with sticky pastry.我的手沾滿糕點(diǎn)。

annoying

adj.令人煩惱的

Nothing could have been more annoying.annoyed

adj.感到煩惱的

annoy v.使煩惱

annoyed annoyed annoying

You shouldn't annoy him.receiver n.電話的話筒，收款員，接待者 I picked up the receiver between sticky fingers.我選了接收機(jī)之間的黏糊糊的手指。

At last, I hung up the receiver.最后，我掛上了電話。

speak to sb和某人講電話

answer the phone接電話

hang on/ hold on等一下

put down/ hang up the receiver掛電話

receive vt.收到；受到 receive a letter receive a gift receive education受教育

dismay

v.n.失望，泄氣 disappoint I was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Helen Bates.我很沮喪，當(dāng)我聽(tīng)出是海倫貝茨的聲音。

dismayed

adj.泄氣的dismaying adj.令人泄氣的

to one's dismay

讓某人失望的是.....be dismayed at sth

對(duì).....感到失望 We are dismayed at the news.我們沮喪的消息。

recognize v.認(rèn)出，聽(tīng)出

I was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Helen Bates.我很沮喪，當(dāng)我聽(tīng)出是海倫貝茨的聲音。

recognize an old friend 認(rèn)出一個(gè)老朋友

recognize屬于心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)

know, realize, imagine, agree, recognize, want, prefer, love, hate等心理狀態(tài)的詞一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)

recognition n.認(rèn)出

persuade v.說(shuō)服，勸說(shuō)

It took me ten minutes to persuade her ring back later.我花了十分鐘才說(shuō)服她過(guò)會(huì)兒再來(lái)電話。

persuade sb to do sth勸服某人做某事 persuade sb not to do sth persuade sb into doing sth勸服某人做某事 We persuade them to join us.我們說(shuō)服他加入我們。

We persuade them into joining us.我們說(shuō)服他們加入我們。

persuade sb out of doing說(shuō)服某人不要做某事 He persuade me out of swimming.他說(shuō)服我去游泳。

勸說(shuō)未成功時(shí)用“try to persuade sb to do sth”

She tried to persuade her father to give up smoking.她試圖說(shuō)服父親戒煙。

persuasive adj.有說(shuō)服力的，令人信服的a persuasive opinion 有說(shuō)服力的意見(jiàn)

mess n.亂七八糟 What a mess!真是糟糕透了！

You are a mess!你真邋遢!

make a mess of sth.把……攪得亂七八糟 He made a mess of my job.他搞砸了我的工作。

at sixes and sevens亂七八糟

be in a(great)mess處于混亂之中 My bedroom is in a great mess.我的臥室是一塌糊涂。

doorknob

n.門把手

There was pastry on my fingers, on the telephone, and on the doorknobs.我手指上都是面糊，在電話里，在門上。

sign

v.簽字

This time it was a postman and he wanted me to sign for a registered letter!

這次是郵遞員，他要我簽收一封掛號(hào)信！

sign for

簽收

sign for a parcel

簽收包裹

I signed for a letter this moring.我今天早上簽署了一封信。

n.記號(hào)，符號(hào)

There are many public signs in the park.公園里有許多公共標(biāo)志。

register v.掛號(hào)郵寄 registered letters掛號(hào)信

He wanted me to sign for a registered letter.他要我簽收一封掛號(hào)信。

v.登記、注冊(cè)

register at a hotel

登記入住旅館

register the birth of a child register at a school

課文講解：

After breakfast, I sent the children to school and then I went to the shops.早飯后, 我送孩子們上學(xué), 然后就去了商店.send sb to sp送某人去某地

send sb to do sth派某人去做某事 I sent her to Beijing yesterday.我給她昨天到北京。

I sent her to get some milk yesterday.我給她買點(diǎn)牛奶昨天。

It was still early when I returned home.The children were at school, my husband was at work and the house was quiet.我回到家時(shí), 時(shí)間還早.孩子們?cè)谏蠈W(xué), 我丈夫在上班,家里清靜得很.return不能和back連用 return to sp return to school return to Shanghai at school在上學(xué) at work在工作

So I decided to make some meat pies.In a short time I was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry.于是我決定做些肉餡餅.不一會(huì)兒我就忙著調(diào)拌起了黃油和面粉,很快我的手上就沾滿了粘粘的面糊.decide to do sth決定做某事

He decided to study abroad next year.他決定明年去國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。

in a short time ＝

in a short while 不久,一會(huì)兒

In a short time I was all wet in the rain.在很短的時(shí)間，我被雨淋濕。

be busy(in)doing sth

He is busy in writing his letters.他在寫他的信很忙。

be busy with sth They are busy with study day and night.他們忙于日夜研究。

be covered with被…所覆蓋

The road was covered with snow.道路被雪覆蓋。

Every inch of the floor space was covered with books.地板的每一寸空間滿了書(shū)。

At exactly that moment, the telephone rang.Nothing could have been more annoying.恰恰在此時(shí), 電話鈴響了.沒(méi)有什么能比這更煩人了.at exactly that moment=at that very moment=just at that moment

ring

v.環(huán)繞，使（如鈴）響，打電話給

ring, rang, rung As soon as he got home, the phone rang.當(dāng)他到家時(shí)，電話鈴響了。

He heard the school bell ring.他聽(tīng)到學(xué)校的鐘聲。

n.戒指，鈴聲

I got a ring for Christmas.我對(duì)圣誕節(jié)的一環(huán)。

Exactly

用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，表示“正”、“恰恰”：

That's exactly what I wanted to tell you.Nothing could have been cheaper.No books could be more interesting.I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers and was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Helen Bates.我用兩個(gè)沾滿面糊的手指捏起了話筒.當(dāng)我聽(tīng)出是海倫·貝茨的聲音時(shí), 非常喪氣.pick up the receiver拿起電話機(jī)子 pick it up拿起它

It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later.我用了10 分鐘的時(shí)間才說(shuō)服她過(guò)會(huì)兒再來(lái)電話.It takes sb some time to do sth

ring back回電話

I decide to ring back a minute later.我決定回一分鐘后。

I will ring you back.At last I hung up the receiver.What a mess!There was pastry on my fingers, on the telephone, and on the doorknobs.我終于掛上了話筒。真是糟糕透了！我的手指上、電話機(jī)上以及門的把手上，都沾上了面糊。

hang v.懸掛，絞死

hang-hanged-hanged-hanging絞死

hang-hung-hung-hanging懸掛

He was hung.There are many pictures hung on the wall.在墻上掛著許多照片。

I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead.我剛回到廚房, 門鈴又響了起來(lái), 響聲足以把死人喚醒.no sooner……than……一……就……= hardly…when

主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，than后面的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.我還沒(méi)有到家就開(kāi)始下雨了。

No sooner...than...常放在句首,表示強(qiáng)調(diào).這時(shí)主句要倒裝 No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.沒(méi)有我剛到家就開(kāi)始下雨了。

the dead= the dead people the+adj.某一類人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) The old are respected in our country.在我們國(guó)家老人受到尊重。

the rich富人

the poor窮人 the deaf聾子

the young年輕人 the old老年人

enough enough+n.adj./adv.+enough He has enough money to buy a car.他有足夠的錢來(lái)買一輛車。

You don’t relax enough.你不放松，足夠。

You are not driving fast enough.你車開(kāi)得不夠快。

She is a beautiful enough girl.她是一個(gè)足夠美麗的女孩。

This time it was the post man and he wanted me to sign for a registered letter!這次是郵遞員, 他要我簽收一封掛號(hào)信!

would like to do sth=want to do sth

課堂小結(jié): ：no sooner……than……一……就……=

hardly…when

主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，than后面的從句用一般過(guò)去式。

作業(yè)布置: 1 重點(diǎn)單詞和短語(yǔ)4+1，練習(xí)題10個(gè)選擇題 背單詞及課文中重點(diǎn)句型。

教學(xué)反思：

第二篇：第54課 新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)第54課教案

新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)第54課學(xué)案 1.sticky adj 粘的，黏糊糊的

*meet a sticky end 落得悲慘的下場(chǎng)，倒霉 *stick 1)n.棍，樹(shù)枝

==walking stick 手杖，拐杖 *the carrot and the stick 軟硬兼施 2）v.插入，刺穿 3)v.粘住

*stick a stamp on a letter ==stick to sth 堅(jiān)持某事 *stick at = keep on doing sth *sticky fingers 手指粘，好偷東西 2.finger n.手指

*cross one’s fingers 祝好運(yùn)，祈禱 3.mix v.摻和，混合 *mixed adj 混合的

*mix A with B 把AB混合起來(lái) *a mixed school 男女混合學(xué)校 *mixture n.混合物 *mixer n.攪拌機(jī),交際家 4.pastry n.面糊 *paste n.面團(tuán)，漿糊 5.annoy v.使不悅，惹惱 *annoying adj 令人生氣的（物）*annoyed adj 感到生氣的（人）6.receiver n.電話聽(tīng)筒 *pick up the receiver 拿起聽(tīng)筒 *put down / hung up the receiver *receive v.收到 *accept v.接受 7.dismay

1)v.使……氣餒/失望/驚訝

Part 1 Words

*be dismayed at 對(duì)…..失望 2)n.驚訝，氣餒，灰心

*to one’s dismay 使人驚訝的是，使人灰心的是 8.recognize

1）v.認(rèn)出，聽(tīng)出，識(shí)別出 Eg.recognize your voice 2).承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可，認(rèn)識(shí)到 Eg.He recognized his mistake.9.persuade v.說(shuō)服，勸說(shuō) *persuade sb to do sth

*persuade sb into doing sth 說(shuō)服某人做某事 *persuade sb out of doing sth 說(shuō)服某人不去做某事 *persuade sb of sth 使某人信服某事 *persuade sb that

*persuasion n.說(shuō)服，勸說(shuō)，信念，見(jiàn)解 *persuasive adj 有說(shuō)服力的 10.mess

1）n.臟或亂的狀態(tài) Eg.You are a mess.你真邋遢 What a mess!太亂了

*be at sixes and sevens 亂七八糟

*mess around = mess about 鬼混，無(wú)所事事 11.sign 1)n.標(biāo)記，標(biāo)識(shí)

Eg.a traffic sign 交通標(biāo)識(shí) 2)v.簽署，簽名 Eg.Please sign here.12.register 1)v.登記，注冊(cè)

Eg.register at a hotel 登記入住旅館 *check in 登記入住 *check out 登記離開(kāi) 2)n.登記，注冊(cè)

Eg.a household register 戶口登記薄 Part 2 Grammar ? a, the, some, any

*some 和any 表示不定數(shù)量的代詞，相當(dāng)于“一些”講時(shí)，前者多用于肯定句，而后者多用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句

Eg.I want some infromation.I don’t want any information.Do you want any information? *some 也可用于以can, may, could, would, how about, what about why not 開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句中 *the

1)the +adj 表示一類人

Eg.the rick 富人

the poor 窮人 2)the +adj/adv最高級(jí) 3)the +序數(shù)詞

4)the + 姓氏復(fù)數(shù) 表示一家人，做主語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于復(fù)數(shù) 5)the+ 世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物 Eg.the Earth 地球

the Sun 太陽(yáng) 6)the b表示特指

Eg.The girl in red is my sister.7)第一次提到用a/an , 第二次提到用the Eg.I bought a car.The car is nice.8)the +江河湖海山脈 Eg, the Yellow River 黃河 9)the+樂(lè)器 Eg.play the piano Part 3 Text

1.After breakfast, I sent the children to school and then I went to the shops.*after breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner 三餐前五冠詞 ==若三餐前有adj，則加a/an

*registration n.登記，注冊(cè)

Eg.have a nice lunch

*sent sb to school 送某人去上學(xué) ==go to school 去上學(xué)（前無(wú)冠詞）*go to the shops 去商店

2.In a short time, I was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry.*in a short time/while 很快 *be busy doing sth 忙著做某事 *be covered with 被覆蓋

3.I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers.*pick up 拾起，撿起，接受節(jié)目，去接某人

4.It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later.*it takes/took sb some time to do sth *persuade sb to do sth 5.At last I hung up the receiver.*hang up the receiver = put down the receiver 掛斷電話

*pick up the receiver 拿起電話 *Hold on, please.請(qǐng)稍等（別掛斷）

6.I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead.*主語(yǔ)+had no sooner +done sth that +從句（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）.一………就

第三篇：新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)第18課

Lesson 18 He often does this!他經(jīng)常干這種事！

After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag.I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasn't there!As I was looking for it, the landlord came in.'Did you have a good meal?? he asked.'Yes, thank you,' I answered, 'but I can't pay the bill.I haven't got my bag.'

The landlord smiled and immediately went out.In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me.'I'm very sorry,' he said.'My dog had taken it into the garden.He often does this!' New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)

pub n.小酒店 landlord n.店主 bill n.帳單 參考譯文

我在一家鄉(xiāng)村小酒店吃過(guò)午飯后，就找我的提包。我曾把它放在門邊的椅子上，可這會(huì)兒不見(jiàn)了！當(dāng)我正在尋找時(shí)，酒店老板走了進(jìn)來(lái)。

“您吃得好嗎？”他問(wèn)。

“很好，謝謝?！蔽一卮?，“但我付不了帳，我的提包沒(méi)有了?！?/p>

酒店老板笑了笑，馬上走了出去。一會(huì)兒工夫他拿著我的提包回來(lái)了，把它還給了我。

“實(shí)在抱歉，”他說(shuō)，“我的狗把它弄到花園里去了，他常干這種事！” 1.He often does this!他經(jīng)常干這種事！

he 在這里指代的是狗。動(dòng)物通常用it來(lái)代表，即被看成像東西一樣。但是，指寵物、家畜或民間故事中的動(dòng)物時(shí)，我們經(jīng)常也用he, she, who等，即使得它們“人格化”并具有性別。用陰性代詞指某個(gè)動(dòng)物或東西時(shí)尤其有一種親切的含義：

e.g.我有一只小貓。她每天早上喝牛奶。I have a little cat.She drinks milk every morning.喬治的鸚鵡亨利能說(shuō)幾個(gè)單詞。只要有燈光他就叫。George?s parrot ['p?r?t], Henry, can speak a few words.He always calls when there are lights.2.After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag.我在一家鄉(xiāng)村小酒店吃過(guò)午飯后，就找我的提包。

1)after

過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)常同表示時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的從屬連詞after 一同使用，如：

e.g.他把信全寫完后干了些家務(wù)活。After he?d written all her letters, she did some housework.假如從句中先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的那個(gè)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作很短暫，?？捎靡话氵^(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，如：e.g.他把貓放出去后，它就跑開(kāi)鉆進(jìn)了灌木叢。

After she put the cat out, it ran off into the bushes.但是，當(dāng)兩個(gè)分句為同一主語(yǔ)時(shí)，更早發(fā)生的那個(gè)動(dòng)作通常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示。如： e.g.他送走她后就鎖上門，睡覺(jué)去了。(see sb.off 1.為?送行；送別2.(BrE)趕走，驅(qū)逐(某人))After he had seen her off, he locked the door and went to bed.2)have在have lunch這個(gè)詞組中是完全動(dòng)詞而不是助動(dòng)詞，因此，像其他完全動(dòng)詞一樣，它的過(guò)去完成時(shí)要加助動(dòng)詞had.3)pub [p?b] n.(also formal public house)(both BrE)a building where people go to drink and meet their friends.Pubs serve alcoholic [??lk??h?lik] and other drinks, and often also food.酒吧；酒館(在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)的口語(yǔ)中較常見(jiàn))e.g.咱們?nèi)ゾ瓢珊缺瓢?。Let?s go to the pub for a drink.他們下酒館喝酒去了。They?ve gone down the pub for a drink.去酒吧喝酒 go round to the pub for a drink 1 酒館供的午餐 a pub lunch 當(dāng)?shù)鼐起^的老板 the landlord of the local pub bar

n.a place where you can buy and drink alcoholic and other drinks酒吧

wine bar n.a bar or small restaurant where wine is the main drink available(主要供應(yīng)葡萄酒的)酒吧；小酒館

inn n.1.(old-fashioned BrE)a pub, usually in the country and often one where people can stay the night(通常指鄉(xiāng)村的，?？梢顾薜?小酒店

2.(AmE)a small hotel, usually in the country(通常指鄉(xiāng)村的)小旅館；客棧

e.g.住客棧 stay at an inn 4)look for(sb./sth)to try to findsb./sth.尋找；尋求 look for強(qiáng)調(diào)“尋找”這個(gè)動(dòng)作或過(guò)程，而不涉及結(jié)果。

e.g.我到處尋找我的鑰匙，但還是沒(méi)找到。

I looked for my key everywhere, but I couldn?t find it.我正在找我的包。I am looking for my bag.找工作 to look for a job find v.~sth(for sb.)/~(sb.)sth.to get back sth./sb.that was lost after searching for it/them找到；找回(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))e.g.你能幫我找我的包嗎？Can you find my bag for me?/Can you find me my bag? find v.to discover sb./sth.unexpectedly or by chance(意外或偶然地)發(fā)現(xiàn)，碰到

e.g.我們?cè)谵k公室附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一家挺好的新餐館。

We?ve found a great new restaurant near the office.他醒來(lái)后發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在醫(yī)院里。When he woke up, he found himself in hospital.find out(about sth./sb.)/find out sth.(about sth./sb.)to get some information about sth./sb.by asking, reading, etc.查明，弄清(情況)強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過(guò)研究努力之后發(fā)現(xiàn)、找出、搜出結(jié)果。e.g.我還沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)他的什么情況。I haven?t found anything out about him yet.你能查清楚會(huì)議什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始嗎？Can you find out what time the meeting starts? 后來(lái)我們才弄清楚我們是校友。We found out later that we had been at the same school.3.I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasn't there!我曾把它放在門邊的椅子上，可這會(huì)兒不見(jiàn)了！

1)leave [li:v] v., n.v.(left, left)1.vi.& vt.to go away from a person or a place離開(kāi)(某人或某處)e.g.離開(kāi)某地 to leave some place 離開(kāi)去某地 to leave for some place [v] 飛機(jī)于12：00起飛前往北京。The plane leaves for Beijing at 12:00.[vn] 飛機(jī)于8：00在希思羅機(jī)場(chǎng)起飛。The plane leaves Heathrow at 8:00.2.to make or allow sb./sth.to remain in a particular condition, place, etc.使保留，讓?處于(某種狀態(tài)、某地等)e.g.[vn-adj.] 請(qǐng)把門開(kāi)著吧。Leave the door open, please.[vn-ing] 別讓她在外邊雨里等著。Don?t leave her waiting outside in the rain.[vn to inf] 把米飯煮20分鐘。Leave the rice to cook for 20 minutes.讓他們保持原樣。Leave them as they are.3.vt.~sth./sb.(behind)to go away from a place without taking sb./sth.with you忘了帶；丟下： e.g.我把包丟在公共汽車上了。I?ve left my bag on the bus.別忘了帶上自己的隨身物品。Don?t leave any of your belongings behind.他身體不適，因此我們只好把他留下。He wasn?t well, so we had to leave him behind.4.vt.to not do sth.or deal with sth.immediately不立刻做；不馬上處理： e.g.你怎么什么事都留到最后一刻才處理？

Why do you always leave everything until the last moment? 5.(be left)vt.to remain to be used, sold, etc.留下備用(或銷售等)e.g.還有咖啡剩下嗎？Is there any coffee left? 6.to make sth.happen or remain as a result使發(fā)生；造成，使留下為(某種結(jié)果)： e.g.她給我的印象是她不滿意自己的工作。

She left me with the impression that she was unhappy with her job.IDM: leave go(of sth.)(BrE, informal)to stop holding on to sth.松手；撒手；放開(kāi)： e.g.放開(kāi)我的手臂-你把我弄痛了。Leave go of my arm-you?re hurting me!對(duì)比：let sb./sth.go / let go(of sb./sth.)放開(kāi)；松手 Phr.v.1.leave sth.aside to not consider sth.不予考慮；擱置一邊 e.g.且不說(shuō)費(fèi)用多少，我們真的還需要一輛汽車嗎？

Leaving the expense aside, do we actually need a second car? 對(duì)比：set sth.aside 1.把?放到一旁(或擱到一邊)2.暫時(shí)不考慮(或放一放)2.leave sb./sth.off(sth.)to not include sb./sth.on a list, etc.不把?列入；不包括；不含： e.g.我們未把他列入名單。We left him off the list.3.be left over(from sth.)to remain when all that is needed has been used剩下；殘留： e.g.飯菜剩下了不少。There was lots of food left over.n.[u]

1.a period of time when you are allowed to be away from work for a holiday/vacation or for a special reason假期；休假：

e.g.帶薪/不帶薪休假一個(gè)月 to take a month?s paid/unpaid leave on leave休假中

to be on maternity/study leave 休產(chǎn)假；脫產(chǎn)進(jìn)修(maternity [m??t?:n?ti:] n.[u] 母親身份；懷孕)你們的年假有多長(zhǎng)？How much annual [??nju?l] leave do you get? 2.~(to do sth.)(formal)official permission to do sth.準(zhǔn)許；許可： e.g.未經(jīng)許可擅離職守 to be absent without leave 2)beside [bi'said] prep.1.next to or at the side of sb./sth.在旁邊(或附近)：

e.g.整個(gè)晚上他都坐在她的身邊。He sat beside her all night.過(guò)來(lái)坐在我們旁邊吧。Come and sit beside us.門旁邊有一把椅子。There is a chair beside the door.2.compared with sb./sth.與?相比：

e.g.同你的相比，我的畫(huà)顯得很幼稚。My painting looks childish beside yours.(childish ['t?a?ld??] adj.1.孩子的；孩子氣的；稚嫩的 2.(成人)幼稚的；天真的)IDM: beside yourself(with sth.)unable to control yourself because of the strength of emotion you are feeling(情緒上)失去自制力；失常：

e.g.我告訴他我做了什么事，他就勃然大怒。

He was beside himself with rage when I told him what I had done.(rage [reid?] n.[u, c] 暴怒；狂怒)besides [bi'saidz] prep., adv.prep.in addition to sb./sth.;apart from sb./sth.除?之外(還)：

e.g.除了音樂(lè)，我們還有很多共通點(diǎn)。We have lots of things in common besides music.(have sth.in common(with sb.)(人)(想法、興趣等方面)相同

have sth.in common(with sth.)(東西、地方等)有相同的特征(或特點(diǎn)等))

除了當(dāng)醫(yī)生之外，他在業(yè)余時(shí)間還寫小說(shuō)。

Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels ['n?vl](n.(長(zhǎng)篇)小說(shuō))in his spare time.除了我的父母，我沒(méi)有其他親人。I?ve got no family besides my parents.除了我們以外，晚會(huì)上還有許多(其他)人。There were a lot of people at the party besides us.adv.1.used for making an extra comment that adds to what you have just said 而且；再說(shuō)：

e.g.我并不真的想去。而且現(xiàn)在太晚了。I don?t really want to go.Besides, it?s too late now.我今天很忙，而且我還感冒得厲害。I?m quite busy today.Besides, I?ve got a bad cold.2.in addition;also此外；以及；也：

e.g.此外，她還有許多其他事要做。She has so much else to do besides.besides / apart from / except besides 作介詞表示除?之外(還)e.g.除足球外你還喜歡哪些運(yùn)動(dòng)？What other sports do you like besides football? 指僅有某事物不包括在內(nèi)用except: e.g.除足球外我喜歡所有的運(yùn)動(dòng)。I like all sports except football.上述兩種含義均可用apart from: e.g.除足球外你還喜歡哪些運(yùn)動(dòng)？What other sports do you like apart from football? 除足球外我喜歡所有的運(yùn)動(dòng)。I like all sports apart from football.except, except for與apart from 三者都表示“除?以外”，有時(shí)可以互相代替使用： e.g.每個(gè)人都幫了點(diǎn)忙，只有你沒(méi)有。

Everyone has helped in some way apart from/except for/except you.除了這些書(shū)以外我再?zèng)]有其他書(shū)了。I have no other books except/except for these.但是except不用于句首，except for/apart from則可以：

e.g.除了你，每個(gè)人都幫了點(diǎn)忙。Apart from/Except for you, everyone has helped in some way.4.As I was looking for it, the landlord came in.當(dāng)我正在尋找時(shí)，酒店老板走了進(jìn)來(lái)。landlord ['l?ndl?:d] n.1.a man from whom you rent a room, a house, etc.房東；地主

2.(BrE)a man who owns or manages a pub or a guest house(酒吧或招待所的)店主；老板(guest house n.1.(BrE)a small hotel小旅館 2.(AmE)(大房子旁供客人居住的)客房)landlady ['l?ndle?di] n.(pl.--ies)1.a woman from whom you rent a room, a house, etc.女房東；女地主

2.(BrE)a woman who owns or manages a pub or a guest house(酒吧或招待所的)女店主；老板娘

復(fù)合名詞的多種構(gòu)成方式：

1)n.+ n.構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞

e.g.silk((蠶)絲)+ worm(蠕蟲(chóng)，蟲(chóng)子)構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞 silkworm(蠶)

blood + test 構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞 blood-test(驗(yàn)血)2)adj.+ n.構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞

e.g.double-dealer n.(informal)a dishonest person who deceives other people兩面派；口是心非者(dealer n.1.~(in sth.)交易商；貿(mào)易商 2.販毒者；毒品販子)shorthand

n.1.[u] 速記(法)2.[u, c] ~(for sth.)(對(duì)某事)簡(jiǎn)略的表達(dá)方式 3)v.+ n.構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞 e.g.pickpocket 扒手；小偷

breakwater a wall built out into the sea to protect the shore or harbour from the force of the waves防波堤

4)n.+ 現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞

e.g.handwriting n.[u] 1.手寫；書(shū)寫 2.筆跡；書(shū)法

sun-bathing

[bɑ:θ??] 日光浴

5)v.+ adv.構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞

e.g.get-together n.(informal)an informal meeting;a party(非正式的)會(huì)議；聚會(huì)；聯(lián)歡會(huì) e.g.家庭圣誕聚會(huì) a family get-together at Christmas

breakthrough n.重大進(jìn)展；突破 e.g.作出/取得突破性進(jìn)展 to make/achieve a breakthrough 6)adv.+ v.構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞

e.g.downfall 衰落；衰?。豢迮_(tái)

outbreak(暴力、疾病等壞事的)爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生 e.g.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的爆發(fā) the outbreak of war lord [l?:d] n.(in Britain)貴族；勛爵(統(tǒng)稱)；(usually the Lord)主；上帝 e.g.as drunk as a lord酩酊大醉

IDM:(good)Lord！oh Lord!(表示驚訝、討厭或憂慮)主啊，天哪！

duke [dju:k] 公爵 marquis [?mɑ:kw?s] 侯爵 earl [?:l] 伯爵 viscount [?va??ka?nt]子爵 baron [?b?r?n] 男爵sir統(tǒng)稱爵士

Sir n.(a title used before the first name of a knight or baronet 用于男爵或從男爵名字之前的尊稱)爵士(baronet ['b?r?nit] n.從男爵)（knight n.(近代英國(guó)的)爵士）

e.g.詹姆斯·威爾遜爵士

Sir James Wilson 詹姆斯爵士

Sir James（不能稱Sir Wilson）5.'Did you have a good meal?’ he asked.您吃得好嗎？”他問(wèn)。

6.'Yes, thank you,' I answered, 'but I can't pay the bill.I haven't got my bag.'“很好，謝謝?！蔽一卮穑暗腋恫涣藥?，我的提包沒(méi)有了?！?bill [bil] n., v.n.1.a piece of paper that shows how much you owe [?u] sb.for goods or services賬單 e.g.電話費(fèi)/電費(fèi)/煤氣費(fèi)賬單 the telephone/electricity/gas bill 她總是按時(shí)支付賬單。She always pays her bills on time.pay the bill付賬單

2.(esp.BrE)(AmE usually check)a piece of paper that shows how much you have to pay for the food and drinks that you have had in a restaurant(餐館的)賬單： e.g.買單！Bill, please!

我們結(jié)賬吧。Let?s ask for the bill.3.(AmE)=note 紙幣： e.g.一張十美元的鈔票 a ten-dollar bill 4.a written suggestion for a new law that is presented to a country?s parliament so that its members can discuss it(提交議會(huì)討論的)議案，法案： e.g.提出/通過(guò)/否決一項(xiàng)議案 to introduce/approve/reject a bill(introduce v.將(法案)提交討論

approve v.1.[v] ~(of sb./sth.)贊成；同意 2.[vn] 批準(zhǔn)，通過(guò)(計(jì)劃、提案、要求等)reject v.拒絕接受；不予考慮)教育改革法案 the Education Reform Bill

5.a programme of entertainment at a theatre, etc.(劇院等的)節(jié)目單： e.g.head the bill / top the bill 領(lǐng)銜主演，掛頭牌

領(lǐng)銜演出的是湯姆.漢克斯。Topping the bill(=the most important performer)is Tom Hanks.5(top v.1.居?之首；為?之冠 2.高于，超過(guò)(某一數(shù)量))6.a notice in a public place to advertise [??dv?taiz] an event 海報(bào)；招貼；廣告synonym: poster e.g.電影海報(bào) a movie bill

禁止張貼！No bills!IDM: fill/fit the bill to be what is needed in a particular situation or for a particular purpose符合要求；合格：(fill v.1.~(sth)(with sth)(使)充滿，裝滿，注滿，填滿 2.vt.滿足

fit v.1.(形狀和尺寸)適合；合身2.vt.安置，安裝 3.(使)與?一致，和?相稱，符合)e.g.從書(shū)面材料看，有幾位申請(qǐng)人符合條件。On paper, several of the applicants fit the bill.(applicant [??plik?nt] n.~(for sth.)申請(qǐng)人(尤指求職、進(jìn)高等學(xué)校等))v.1.vt.~sb.(for sth.)to send sb.a bill for sth.開(kāi)賬單，發(fā)賬單(要求付款)： e.g.請(qǐng)將所購(gòu)的書(shū)開(kāi)列賬單。Please bill me for the books.2.vt.[usually passive]~sb./sth.as sth.to advertise or describe sb./sth.in a particular way把(某人或事物)宣傳為?

e.g.他被宣傳為新湯姆.克魯斯。He was billed as the new Tom Cruise.3.[vn to inf] [usually passive] to advertise that sb./sth.will do sth.宣布?將做某事： e.g.海報(bào)上說(shuō)她要發(fā)表題為“中國(guó)----昨天和今天”的演講。

She was billed to speak on ?China---Yesterday and Today.?

bill of exchange n.(pl.bills of exchange)(business商)a written order to pay a sum of money to a particular person on a particular date 匯票

bill of rights n.[sing] a written statement of the basic rights of the citizens(n.[?sitiz?n] 公民)of a country權(quán)利宣言；人權(quán)宣言

bill of sale n.(pl.bills of sale)(business商)an official document showing that sth.has been bought轉(zhuǎn)讓契據(jù)；賣據(jù)

7.The landlord smiled and immediately went out.酒店老板笑了笑，馬上走了出去。immediately adv.=at once, right away 立刻，馬上

8.In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me.一會(huì)兒工夫他拿著我的提包回來(lái)了，把它還給了我。

give it back to me=return it to me 及物動(dòng)詞give常用的含義是“給予”、“交給”： e.g.請(qǐng)給我一些水。Give me some water, please.我上個(gè)月曾借給他一些書(shū)。他今天上午都還給我了。

I lent him some books last month and he has given them back to me this morning.可以看出，give與back連用時(shí)，它的意義并沒(méi)有發(fā)生太大的變化。但是，當(dāng)它與其他副詞連用時(shí)，意義往往會(huì)有變化，有時(shí)變化非常大： 1.give sb.back sth./give sth.back(to sb.)1)to return sth.to its owner還；歸還；送回：

e.g.把鋼筆還給我好嗎？Could you give me back my pen? / Could you give me my pen back? 把它還給我！Give it me back!我把它撿起來(lái)還給了他。I picked it up and gave it back to him.2)to allow sb.to have sth.again使恢復(fù)；使重新獲得：

e.g.手術(shù)使他的雙腿恢復(fù)了功能。The operation gave him back the use of his legs.2.give sth away

1)to give sth.as a gift贈(zèng)送；捐贈(zèng)：

e.g.他把他的大部分錢都捐贈(zèng)給了慈善事業(yè)。He gave away most of his money to charity.(charity n.(pl.-ies)1.[c] 慈善機(jī)構(gòu)(或組織)2.[u] 慈善；賑濟(jì)；施舍 3.[u] 慈善；仁愛(ài)；寬容；寬厚)

他把所有的書(shū)都贈(zèng)給了這家圖書(shū)館。He gave away all his books to the library.2)to present sth.頒發(fā)；分發(fā)：

e.g.市長(zhǎng)在學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)那天頒發(fā)了獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。

The mayor gave away the prizes at the school sports day.(mayor [m??] n.市長(zhǎng)，鎮(zhèn)長(zhǎng))3)to carelessly allow sb.to have an advantage失去，喪失，錯(cuò)失(優(yōu)勢(shì))： e.g.他們已白送對(duì)手兩分了。They?ve given away two goals already.(goal n.1.(足球、曲棍球等)球門 2.射門；進(jìn)球得分 3.目標(biāo)；目的)give sth./sb.away to make known sth.that sb.wants to keep secret泄露；暴露 e.g.有人向警方告發(fā)了他。Someone gave him away to the police.她把機(jī)密泄露給了敵人。She gave away the secrets to the enemy.[?enimi] 3.give in(to sb./sth.)

1)to admit that you have been defeated by sb./sth.屈服；認(rèn)輸；投降： e.g.他們被迫投降了。They were forced to give in.2)to agree to do sth.that you do not want to do讓步；勉強(qiáng)同意：

e.g.你想干什么就干什么。我決不屈服。You can do what you like.I will never give in.give sth.in(to sb.)to hand over sth.to sb.in authority呈上；交上：

e.g.考卷做好后就交上來(lái)。Give in your examination papers after you?ve finished.把練習(xí)冊(cè)交給我。Give in your exercise books to me.4.give up to stop trying to do sth.投降；認(rèn)輸；放棄： e.g.他們不戰(zhàn)而降。They gave up without a fight.她決不輕易認(rèn)輸。She doesn?t give up easily.我猜不著了，把答案告訴我吧。I give up---tell me the answer.give sth.up [no passive] to stop doing or having sth.放棄，拋棄，終止，停止，辭去 e.g.(1)醫(yī)生讓他戒煙。The doctor told him to give up smoking.(2)婚后她就辭去了工作。After she got married she gave up her job.give sth.up(to sb.)to hand sth.over to sb.else交出，讓出

e.g.他們勇敢地戰(zhàn)斗了近一周，可是最后不得不向敵人繳械投降。

They fought bravely for about a week, but they had to give up their arms to the enemy at last.他把座位讓給了一位老婦人。He gave up his seat to an old lady(=stood up to allow her to sit down).give yourself/sb.up(to sb.)to offer yourself/sb.to be captured 自首；投案；投降

(capture [?k?pt??] vt.1.俘虜；俘獲；捕獲 2.用武力奪??；攻取；攻占3.奪得；贏得；爭(zhēng)得)e.g.他逃跑一周后向警方投案自首了。After a week on the run he gave himself up to the police.give yourself up to sth.= give yourself over to sth.to spend all your time doing sth.or thinking about sth.;to allow sth.to completely control your life致力于；沉溺于： e.g.當(dāng)他還是個(gè)小男孩的時(shí)候，他就決定把一生獻(xiàn)給足球事業(yè)。

When he was only a small boy, he decided to give himself up to football.5.give off sth.to produce sth.such as a smell, heat, light, etc.發(fā)出，放出(氣味、熱、光等)： e.g.花兒散發(fā)著芳香。The flowers gave off a fragrant perfume.(fragrant [?fre?gr?nt] adj.香的；芳香的 perfume [?p?:fju:m] n.[c, u] 香水；香料；香味，香氣)6.give out

1)to come to an end;to be completely used up用完；耗盡：

e.g.一個(gè)月以后他們的食物儲(chǔ)備消耗殆盡。After a month their food supplies gave out.她最終忍無(wú)可忍了。Her patience finally gave out.2)to stop working 停止運(yùn)行；停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)： e.g.飛機(jī)飛到大西洋中部時(shí)一個(gè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)失靈了。

One of the plane?s engines gave out in mid-Atlantic.give sth.out to give sth.to a lot of people分發(fā)；散發(fā)：

e.g.老師分發(fā)了試卷。The teacher gave out the exam papers.give out sth.1)to produce sth.such as heat, light, etc.發(fā)出，放出(熱、光等)2)[often passive](esp.BrE)to tell people about sth.or broadcast sth.公布；宣布；播放 9.'I'm very sorry,' he said.'My dog had taken it into the garden.He often does this!'“實(shí)在抱歉，”他說(shuō)，“我的狗把它弄到花園里去了，他常干這種事！” take 帶走(把某人/物帶到某地)~sth.(with you)/ ~sth.(to sb.)/ ~(sb.)sth.to carry or move sth.from one place to another 攜帶；拿走；取走；運(yùn)走

e.g.請(qǐng)?zhí)嫖野堰@送到銀行去好嗎？Take this to the bank for me, would you? bring 帶來(lái)(為某人帶去某物)~sb./sth.(with you)/ ~sth.(for sb.)/ ~(sb.)sth.to come to a place with sb./sth.帶?到某處；帶來(lái)；取來(lái)

e.g.別忘了把書(shū)帶來(lái)。Don?t forget to bring your books with you.fetch “去拿(某物)來(lái)”的動(dòng)作(去取)是雙向動(dòng)作。(esp.BrE)to go to where sb./sth.is and bring them/it back(去)拿來(lái)；(去)請(qǐng)來(lái)

e.g.她去學(xué)校接孩子了。She?s gone to fetch the kids from school.你能幫我去取我的包嗎？Could you fetch me my bag?

have的用法小結(jié)

一、have作為助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成各種完成時(shí)(包括過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái))和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：

e.g.我今天上午沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)他。I haven?t seen him this morning.我打電話的時(shí)候，杰克已經(jīng)走了。When I rang, Jack had already left.二、have與to一起構(gòu)成情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 have to，表示“不得不”、“必須”, 它比must更含有“客觀條件使得必須如此做”的意思，可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。如：

e.g.格林先生為了謀生不得不拼命干活。Mr.Green has to work very hard to earn a living.昨晚我只得早點(diǎn)離開(kāi)晚會(huì)，我不大舒服。

I had to leave the party early last night.I wasn?t very well.我們明天必須起得很早。We will have to get up very early tomorrow.我咳嗽的厲害，今天必須去診所看看。

I shall have to go to the clinic ['klinik] today for my bad cough.[k?f] [注]口語(yǔ)中的I have got to, you have got to 等=I have to, you have to.Have I got to? 和 Do I have to?這兩種疑問(wèn)形式均可用。

三、have用于“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have＋過(guò)去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，有推測(cè)、假設(shè)之意。

1.must＋have＋過(guò)去分詞，表示對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的情況的推測(cè)，表示“一定”、“準(zhǔn)是”的意思。一般用于肯定句。如：

e.g.你一定是誤會(huì)了我的意圖。You must have mistaken my intention.She must have been very young when she got married.她結(jié)婚時(shí)一定很年輕。

你肯定把你的包落在劇院了。You must have left your bag in the theatre.2.can(could)＋have＋過(guò)去分詞，常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生事情的“可能性”。而could較can更加表示說(shuō)話人的“不肯定的”語(yǔ)氣。如：

e.g.他會(huì)是走了嗎？Can he have left already? 她會(huì)把我的地址忘記了嗎？Could she have forgotten my address? 不可能是亨利，他已經(jīng)去工廠了。It couldn?t have been Henry.He has gone to the factory.8 他當(dāng)然不可能這么早到這里的。Surely he can not have arrived so early.He can?t have been to your home, he doesn't know your address.3.should＋have＋過(guò)去分詞，這時(shí)句子指的是過(guò)去的事情。如果是肯定句，常說(shuō)明某件事本應(yīng)完成而未完成；如果是否定句，表示發(fā)生了不應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)生的事情。如： e.g.他應(yīng)早一點(diǎn)來(lái)。He should have come earlier.你見(jiàn)了紅燈本應(yīng)該停車。You should have stopped at the red light.你不應(yīng)當(dāng)未經(jīng)醫(yī)生許可就回去工作。

You should not have gone back to work without the doctor?s permission.四、have作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞。

1.have作狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)：

1)(also have got)vt.(not used in the progressive tenses不用于進(jìn)行時(shí))to own, hold or possess sth.表示“具有”、“擁有”講時(shí)(相當(dāng)于own, possess)，它和have got通?？梢曰Q。

e.g.他有一棟房子。

He owns a house./ He has a house./ He has got a house./ He possesses a house.在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，疑問(wèn)句和否定句中have(具有)的用法與be相同，即可以不用助動(dòng)詞do(或did)。

e.g.---你有郵票嗎？Have you got the stamps?

----天哪，它們?cè)谀膬耗?？我剛才還有的。

Good heavens, where are they? I had them a minute ago!我沒(méi)有鉛筆。I haven?t got any pencils.在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，常用do, did等與have一起構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句和否定句：

e.g.–你有鉛筆嗎？Do you have a pencil?---我沒(méi)有鉛筆。I don?t have any pencils.這種形式在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中現(xiàn)在也常見(jiàn)了。have作“具有”、“擁有”講時(shí)是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，它通常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：

e.g.如果你想要這些蘋果你可以把它們拿走。我還有很多。

You can have these apples if you want them.I?ve got a lot more.---那位是格林先生，他就是那位有5條狗的人。

That?s Mr.Green.He?s the man who has five dogs.---他一定非常喜歡動(dòng)物，才會(huì)養(yǎng)5條狗。He must be very fond of animals to have five dogs.他有一輛福特牌汽車。He has(got)a Ford.在其他時(shí)態(tài)中，一般用have而不用have got: e.g.去年他有過(guò)一輛福特牌汽車。He had a Ford last year.這輛汽車我已用了3年了。I have had this car for three years.上星期吉米得了重感冒。Last week, Jimmy had a bad cold.2)(also have got)vt.(not used in the progressive tenses不用于進(jìn)行時(shí))be made up of由?組成： e.g.這個(gè)黨在1999年時(shí)擁有1萬(wàn)名黨員。In 1999 the party had 10,000 members.3)(also have got)(not used in the progressive tenses不用于進(jìn)行時(shí))to show a quality or feature顯示出，帶有(性質(zhì)、特征)：

e.g.[vn] 他們勇氣十足。They have a lot of courage.[vn-adj.] 他有一顆門牙掉了。He?s got a front tooth missing.4)(also have got)vt.(not used in the progressive tenses不用于進(jìn)行時(shí))to suffer from an illness or a disease患?。坏貌?；染?。篹.g.我頭疼。I?ve got a headache.5)(also have got)[vn+adv./prep.](not used in the progressive tenses不用于進(jìn)行時(shí))to place or keep sth.in a particular position 使放在；使保持(在)：

e.g.瑪麗背對(duì)著我。Mary had her back to me.我不一會(huì)兒就網(wǎng)住了那條魚(yú)。I soon had the fish in a net.2.have作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí)，還可以表示eat, drink, enjoy, take等意思，這時(shí)它是行為動(dòng)詞，可以用于包括進(jìn)行時(shí)的各種時(shí)態(tài)；當(dāng)have用于表示這些含義時(shí)，它必須與do和did等連用以構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句和否定句。

1)Vt.to experience sth.經(jīng)受；經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)驗(yàn)：

e.g.我參加了幾次聚會(huì)，過(guò)得很愉快。I went to a few parties and had a good time.他總有一天會(huì)出事的。She?ll have an accident one day.2)Vt.to organize or hold an event組織；舉辦： e.g.我們來(lái)一次聚會(huì)吧。Let?s have a party.3)Vt.to eat, drink or smoke sth.吃；喝；吸(煙等)e.g.I want to have a cup of tea and some eggs.我想喝杯茶，吃幾個(gè)雞蛋。

Does she have lunch at home? 她在家吃午飯嗎？ 我等候的時(shí)候抽了一支煙。I had a cigarette while I was waiting.4)Vt.to perform a particular action進(jìn)行(活動(dòng))

e.g.游泳 to have a swim(BrE)洗一下；沖淋??；洗澡 to have a wash/shower/bath 5)vt.to give birth to sb./sth.生；生產(chǎn)：

e.g.她快生孩子了。She?s going to have a baby.6)Vt.to produce a particular effect產(chǎn)生(效果)e.g.我當(dāng)學(xué)生時(shí)，他的畫(huà)對(duì)我產(chǎn)生過(guò)強(qiáng)烈的影響。

His paintings had a strong influence on me as a student 7)Vt.to be given sth.;to have sth.done to you得到；接受；受到

e.g.我正接受背部疾患的治療。I?m having treatment for my back problem.你到目前為止上過(guò)多少次駕駛課了？How many driving lessons have you had so far? 8)to cause sb./sth.to be in a particular state;to make sb.react in a particular way使處于(某狀態(tài))；使作出(某種反應(yīng))：

e.g.[vn-adj.] 我要求一切都得準(zhǔn)時(shí)備妥。I want to have everything ready in good time.[vn-ing] 他抓住了聽(tīng)眾的注意力。He had his audience listening attentively.(attentively [??tent?vl?] adv.注意地；專心地；留心地；聚精會(huì)神地；周到地)9)Vt.(not usually used in the progressive tenses通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí))to receive sth.from sb.收到；接到

e.g.我今天早晨收到了弟弟的一封信。I had a letter from my brother this morning.請(qǐng)給我賬單。Can I have the bill, please? 3.have on sth.或have sth.on，表示“穿著”、“戴著”(=to be wearing)。e.g.I noticed he had on slippers.我注意到他穿著拖鞋。4.組成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)即“have＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”。

1)不加to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(have sb.do sth.)，表示讓、叫某人做某事。

e.g.The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.這個(gè)士兵讓他背對(duì)著他父親站著。

〔注〕：否定結(jié)構(gòu)表示“不能讓…”或“從未有人…”.e.g.我們不能讓你把它歸咎于他人。We won?t have you blame it on others.She had never had anybody speak to her that way before.從未有人用那種方式跟她說(shuō)過(guò)話。2)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(have sb.(sth.)doing)，表示讓（使）某人做某事。

e.g.They had the children playing in the street all day.他們讓孩子們一整天都在街上玩。3)過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(have sb.(sth.)done)，表示：

(1)Vt.(used with a past participle與過(guò)去分詞連用)~sth done to suffer the effects of what sb.else does to you蒙受(他人所為的后果)：

e.g.她的包被偷了。She had her bag stolen.(2)Vt.(used with a past participle與過(guò)去分詞連用)~sth done to cause sth.to be done for you by sb.else讓(他人)為你做(某事)：

e.g.你理發(fā)了！You?ve had your hair cut!我們的車正在修理。We?re having our car repaired.11

第四篇：新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)第16課

Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有禮的要求

If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket.However, this does not always happen.Traffic police are sometimes very polite.During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: 'Sir, we welcome you to our city.This is a “No Parking” area.You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs.This note is only a reminder.' If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)

park v.停放（汽車）traffic n.交通

ticket [?tikit]

n.交通違規(guī)罰款單 note [n?ut] n.便條area [???ri?]

n.地段 sign [sain] n.指示牌 reminder [r??ma?nd?]

n.提示 fail [feil]

v.無(wú)視，忘記 obey [??bei]

v.服從

參考譯文

一旦你把汽車停錯(cuò)了地方，交通警很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)。如果他沒(méi)給你罰單就放你走了，算你走運(yùn)。然而，情況并不都是這樣，交通警有時(shí)也很客氣。有一次在瑞典度假，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車上有這樣一個(gè)字條：“先生，歡迎您光臨我們的城市。此處是‘禁止停車’區(qū)。如果您對(duì)我們街上的標(biāo)牌稍加注意，您在此會(huì)過(guò)得很愉快的。謹(jǐn)此提請(qǐng)注意。”如果你收到這樣的懇求，你是不會(huì)不遵照?qǐng)?zhí)行的！

1.A polite request 彬彬有禮的要求

1)polite [p?'lait] adj.(politer, politest)more polite和most polite亦常見(jiàn)

1.having or showing good manners and respect for the feelings of others有禮貌的；客氣的；儒雅的 synonym: courteous ['k?:ti?s]有禮貌的；客氣的；(尤指)恭敬的，謙恭的 e.g.請(qǐng)禮貌待客。Please be polite to our guests.2.socially correct but not always sincere 應(yīng)酬的；禮節(jié)性的；客套的： e.g.我不曉得怎么說(shuō)應(yīng)酬話。I don’t know how to make polite conversation.3.[only before noun] from a class of society that believes it is better than others上流社會(huì)的 adv.politely n.[u] politeness 2)request [ri?kwest]

n., v.n.~(for sth.)/ ~(that?)

1.the action of asking for sth.formally and politely(正式或禮貌的)要求，請(qǐng)求： e.g.他們要求再給一些幫助。They made a request for further aid.他按照經(jīng)理的要求到了那里。

He was there at the request of his manager/at his manager’s request.(=because his manager had asked him to go)2.a thing that you formally ask for要求的事

e.g.廣播點(diǎn)播節(jié)目 a radio request programme(=a programme of music, songs, etc.that listeners have asked for)v.~sth.(from sb.)(formal)to ask for sth.or ask sb.to do sth.in a polite or formal way(正式或禮貌地)請(qǐng)求；要求

e.g.[vn] 你可以索要一份免費(fèi)的宣傳單。You can request a free copy of the leaflet.(copy n.[c] 1.(書(shū)、報(bào)紙等的一本，一冊(cè)，一份)2.[c] ~(of sth.)復(fù)印件，復(fù)制品)(leaflet [?li:flit]

n.散頁(yè)印刷品；傳單；宣傳手冊(cè)；廣告手冊(cè))

[vn to inf] 請(qǐng)不要在餐館里吸煙。You are requested not to smoke in the restaurant.他們要求他離開(kāi)。They requested him to leave.[v that] 她要求下次開(kāi)會(huì)前不要向任何人透露她的決定。

She requested that no one be told of her decision until the next meeting.她要求不要向任何人談起她的決定。She requested that no one should be told of her decision.2.If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.一旦你把汽車停錯(cuò)了地方，交通警很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)。

1)英語(yǔ)中指每個(gè)人/任何人的不定代詞通常是one: e.g.一個(gè)人永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道明天將會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。(即大家都不知道)One can never know what will happen tomorrow.但在日常會(huì)話中，非正式的you則更為常用：

e.g.如果你進(jìn)行一次環(huán)球旅行的話，你就會(huì)看到許多風(fēng)景勝地。(you為泛指)If you make a journey around the world, you’ll see many beauty spots.2)park [pɑ:k]

v., n.v.1.to leave a vehicle that you are driving in a particular place for a period of time.停(車)；泊(車)e.g.[v] 此處不準(zhǔn)停車。You can’t park here.[vn] 此處禁止停車。You can’t park the car here.2.[vn.+adv./prep.] ~yourself(informal)to sit or stand in a particular place for a period of time坐下(或站著)

e.g.她坐在床沿上。She parked herself on the edge of the bed.n.1.[c] an area of public land in a town or a city where people go to walk, play and relax公園 e.g.我們?nèi)ス珗@散了散步。We went for a walk in the park.2.(in compounds構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞)an area of land used for a particular purpose專用區(qū)；園區(qū) e.g.商業(yè)/科學(xué)園區(qū)

a business/science park 野生動(dòng)物園 a wildlife park

(wildlife n.[u] 野生動(dòng)物；野生生物)3.[c](in Britain)an enclosed area of land, usually with fields and trees, attached to a large country house(英國(guó))莊園；庭院

4.[c](AmE)a piece of land for playing sports, esp.baseball 運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)；(尤指)棒球場(chǎng)

5.(the park)(BrE)a football or rugby field 足球場(chǎng)；橄欖球場(chǎng)(rugby [?r?ɡbi] n.[u] 橄欖球運(yùn)動(dòng))3)句尾的it代指的是句子的整個(gè)if從句，即你把汽車停錯(cuò)了地方這件事。

parking n.[u] 1.the act of stopping a vehicle at a place and leaving it there for a period of time停車；泊車 e.g.上午九時(shí)至下午六時(shí)此處禁止停車。There is no parking here between 9 a.m.and 6 p.m.2.a space or an area for leaving vehicles 停車場(chǎng)；停車位

parking lot n.(AmE)an area where people can leave their cars 停車場(chǎng)

(lot [l?t] n.[c](作某種用途的)一塊地，場(chǎng)地)parking ticket(also ticket)n.違章停車傳票 3)traffic [?tr?fik]

n., v.n.[u]

1.the vehicles that are on a road at a particular time路上行駛的車輛；交通

e.g.繁忙的/高峰時(shí)刻的交通 heavy/rush-hour traffic 交通警察 traffic police

2.the movement of ships, trains, aircraft, etc.along a particular route(沿固定路線的)航行，行駛，飛行 e.g.空中交通管制 air traffic control 橫渡大西洋的航行 transatlantic traffic

(transatlantic [?tr?ns?t?l?nt?k ] adj.[obn] 1.橫渡大西洋的；橫越大西洋的 2.大西洋兩岸國(guó)家的 3.在大西洋彼岸的；來(lái)自大西洋彼岸的)2 3.the movement of people or goods from one place to another運(yùn)輸；人流；貨流： e.g.一國(guó)與另一國(guó)間的貨物運(yùn)輸 the traffic of goods between one country and another 4.~(in sth.)illegal trade in sth.(非法的)交易，買賣

e.g.毒品的非法交易 the traffic in drugs

verb.(-ck-)phr.v.traffic in sth.to buy and sell sth.illegally(非法)進(jìn)行?交易，做?買賣 e.g.從事毒品非法交易 to traffic in drugs

trafficker [?tr?fik?]

n.從事違法勾當(dāng)者e.g.毒品販子 a drugs trafficker

trafficking n.[u] 非法交易e.g.被控販毒 to be accused of drug trafficking

traffic jam n.a long line of vehicles on a road that cannot move or that can only move very slowly堵車；交通阻塞(jam [d??m] n.1.[u, c] 果醬 2.[c] 擁擠；堵塞)e.g.我們遇上了交通阻塞。We were stuck in a traffic jam.(stick v.(stuck, stuck)vi.~(in sth.)(在某物中)卡住，陷住，動(dòng)不了)traffic light n.[c](also traffic lights [pl.])(AmE also stoplights [pl.])交通信號(hào)燈 4)police [p??li:s]

n.警察部門，警方(與the連用)： e.g.警車 a police car

一名男子被警方逮捕。A man was arrested by the police.警方總是為治安操心。The police always care for public order.你如果再不放開(kāi)我，我就要叫警察了。If you don’t let me go, I’ll call the police.警察們正在盤問(wèn)一名外國(guó)游客。The police are questioning a foreign tourist.vt.1.(of the police, army, etc.警察、軍隊(duì)等)to go around a particular area to make sure that nobody is breaking the law there 巡查；維護(hù)治安

e.g.邊境將由聯(lián)合國(guó)官員巡查。The border will be policed by UN officials.(official n.(often in compounds)要員；官員；高級(jí)職員 adj.[ubn] 正式的；官方的；官方授權(quán)的)2.(of a committee [k??miti] , etc.委員會(huì)等)to make sure that a particular set of rules is obeyed監(jiān)督；管制

police dog n.警犬

police force n.(國(guó)家、地區(qū)或城鎮(zhèn)的)警力，警察部隊(duì) police officer n.(also officer)警察

police station(AmE also station house)n.警察局；警察分局；派出所 如果要單指一名警察，可以用policeman或policewoman: e.g.那邊有一位交通警。你可以向他打聽(tīng)去車站的路怎么走。

There is a traffic policeman over there.You can ask him the way to the station.湯姆的姐姐是位(女)警察。Tom’s sister is a policewoman.3.You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket.如果他沒(méi)給你罰單就放你走了，算你走運(yùn)。

1)let sb.go

1.to allow sb.to be free 放，釋放(某人)e.g.他們是否會(huì)釋放人質(zhì)？Will they let the hostages go?(hostage [?h?stid?] n.人質(zhì))2.to make sb.have to leave their job解雇；開(kāi)除： e.g.由于利潤(rùn)下降他們將不得不解雇100名員工。

They’re having to let 100 employees go because of falling profits.[?pr?f?t] let sb./sth.go / let go(of sb./sth.)1.to stop holding sb./sth.放開(kāi)；松手

e.g.那人抓住我的胳膊不放。The man won’t let go(of)my arm.別松開(kāi)繩子。Don’t let go of the rope./ Don’t let the rope go.放手！你把我弄疼了。Let go!You’re hurting me!2.to give up an idea or an attitude, or control of sth.放棄，摒棄(想法、態(tài)度或控制)e.g.該忘掉過(guò)去了。It’s time to let the past go./ It’s time to let go of the past.let yourself go

1.to behave in a relaxed way without worrying about what people think of your behaviour 放松；隨心所欲：e.g.來(lái)吧！盡情地玩，玩?zhèn)€痛快吧！Come on, enjoy yourself, let yourself go!2.to stop being careful about how you look and dress, etc.不注重儀表；不修邊幅： e.g.他失業(yè)后就不修邊幅了。He has let himself go since he lost his job.let me see/think used when you are thinking or trying to remember sth.讓我想一想；讓我思考一下 e.g.現(xiàn)在讓我想想-他說(shuō)他住在哪里呢？Now let me see-where did he say he lived? let sb.down to fail to help or support sb.as they had hoped or expected不能幫助，不能支持(某人)；使失望：

e.g.很遺憾，她讓我們大失所望。I’m afraid she let us down badly.你盡管放心，這臺(tái)機(jī)器不會(huì)出毛病。This machine won’t let you down.let sb.off(with sth.)to not punish sb.for sth.they have down wrong, or to give them only a light punishment不懲罰；放過(guò)；寬??；從輕處罰

e.g.她沒(méi)被處罰，只是受了個(gè)警告。She was let off with a warning.let sb.off sth.to allow sb.not to do sth.or not to go somewhere允許(某人)不做；準(zhǔn)許(某人)不去(某處)e.g.他今天免了我們的家庭作業(yè)。He let us off homework today.let sth.off to fire a gun or make a bomb, etc.explode放(槍等)；使爆炸 e.g.那些男孩在放花炮。The boys were letting off fireworks.2)without a ticket 在這里指without giving you a ticket.3)ticket [?tikit] n., v.n.1.~(for/to sth.)a printed piece of paper that gives you the right to travel on a particular bus, train, etc.or to go into a theatre, etc.票；券；車票；戲票；入場(chǎng)券

e.g.公共汽車/戲/飛機(jī)票 a bus/theatre/plane ticket 演出的免費(fèi)入場(chǎng)券 free tickets to the show 售票處；自動(dòng)售票機(jī) a ticket office/machine 2.a label [?leib?l] that is attached to sth.in a shop/store giving details of its price, size, etc.(商店中標(biāo)明貨物價(jià)格、尺碼等的)標(biāo)簽

3.an official notice that orders you to pay a fine because you have done sth.illegal while driving or parking your car(交通違章)通知單，罰款單

e.g.違章停車/超速駕駛罰款單 a parking/speeding ticket 4.[usually sing.](esp.AmE)a list of candidates that are supported by a particular political party in an election(政黨在選舉中所支持的)候選人名單 e.g.他計(jì)劃繼續(xù)代表共和黨參加 11 月份的選舉。

He plans to remain on the Republican ticket for the November election.IDM: just the ticket(AmE, BrE)=just the job(BrE)(spoken, approving)exactly what is needed in a particular situation 正需要的東西；求之不得的東西 e.g.那杯茶來(lái)得正好。That cup of tea was just the job.Vt.1.(technical術(shù)語(yǔ))to produce and sell tickets for an event, a trip, etc.;to give sb.a ticket售票；給?門票；送票

e.g.旅客現(xiàn)在可以電子購(gòu)票。Passengers can now be ticketed electronically.(electronic [ilek?tr?nik] adj.[ubn] 1.(of a device裝置)電子的；電子器件的 2.電子設(shè)備的；電子器件的 electronically adv.用電子方法；用電子裝置)2.[usually passive](esp.AmE)to give sb.an official notice that orders them to pay a fine because they have done sth.illegal while driving or parking a car發(fā)出交通違章通知單 e.g.違章停車就可能收到罰款單。Park illegally, and you’re likely to be ticketed.Phr.v.be ticketed for sth.(esp.AmE)to be intended for a particular purpose被指定為；被委派為 ticketing n.[u] the process of producing and selling tickets售票 e.g.售票系統(tǒng) ticketing systems 4.However, this does not always happen.Traffic police are sometimes very polite.然而，情況并不都是這樣，交通警有時(shí)也很客氣。

this 代指上句話所說(shuō)的情況，即交通警一般都會(huì)給你罰款單。

5.During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: 'Sir, we welcome you to our city.This is a “No Parking” area.You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs.This note is only a reminder.' 有一次在瑞典度假，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車上有這樣一個(gè)字條：“先生，歡迎您光臨我們的城市。此處是‘禁止停車’區(qū)。如果您對(duì)我們街上的標(biāo)牌稍加注意，您在此會(huì)過(guò)得很愉快的。謹(jǐn)此提請(qǐng)注意。” 1)note [n?ut] n., v.n.1.[c] a short piece of writing to help you remember sth 筆記，記錄 e.g.請(qǐng)記下日期。Please make a note of the dates.2.[c] a short information letter短箋；便條

e.g.她在廚房的餐桌上給杰克留了個(gè)便條。She left a note for Jack on the kitchen table.3.[c] a piece of paper money紙幣

e.g.一張面值為5英鎊的紙幣 a ￡5 note 4.[c] a short comment(n.[?k?ment]

評(píng)論；注釋；說(shuō)明)on a word or passage in a book注釋；按語(yǔ)批注 e.g.參見(jiàn)第223頁(yè)的注釋16。See Note 16 on p.223.IDM:

of note(formal)

1.of fame or importance 著名的，重要的

e.g.有些(很有)知名度的作家 a writer of(some/great)note 2.worth noticing or paying attention to 值得注意：

e.g.會(huì)上有值得注意的事情發(fā)生嗎？Did anything of note happen at the meeting? take note(of sth.)to pay attention to sth.and be sure to remember it注意到；將?銘記在心 e.g.牢記他說(shuō)的話。Take note of what he says.留心一下天氣狀況。Take note of the weather conditions...v.(rather formal)1.to notice or pay careful attention to sth.注意；留意

e.g.[vn] 請(qǐng)注意這位作家為達(dá)到戲劇效果而使用一般現(xiàn)在式的手法。

Note the way this writer uses the present tense for dramatic effect.[i?fekt]（n.結(jié)果；效果；作用；）

[v.+that] 請(qǐng)注意，票的數(shù)量有限。Please note that there are a limited number of tickets.請(qǐng)注意這張賬單必須在10天內(nèi)付清。Please note that this bill must be paid within ten days.[v+wh-] 注意看他怎樣操作這臺(tái)機(jī)器，并想法子照他那樣做。

Note how he operates [??p?reit]the machine and try to copy him.(copy vt.模仿；效法；仿效)2.to mention sth because it is important or interesting指出；特別提到 e.g.值得指出的是最成功的公司價(jià)格最低。It is worth noting that the most successful companies had the lowest prices.Phr.v.note sth.down to write down sth.important so that you will not forget it記錄；記下 notebook [?n?utbuk] n.1筆記本(簿)2.(also notebook computer)筆記本(電腦)；筆記本計(jì)算機(jī) laptop [?l?p?t?p] n.膝上型計(jì)算機(jī)；便攜式電腦

noted adj.~(for/as sth)well known because of a special skill or feature(以?)見(jiàn)稱，聞名，著名synonym: famous

e.g.著名的舞蹈演員 a noted dancer 他沒(méi)什么幽默感。He is not noted for his sense of humour.這個(gè)湖作為許多鳥(niǎo)類的棲息地遐邇聞名。The lake is noted as a home to many birds.notepaper(also writing paper)n.[u] 信紙；便箋

notable ['n?ut?bl] adj.~(for sth)值得注意的；顯著的；重要的 e.g.他的早期作品和后期作品之間有明顯的差異。

There is a notable difference between his earlier and later writings.n.[usually pl.] 名人；重要人物

e.g.許多著名人士參加了招待會(huì)。

Many notables attended the reception [ri?sep??n].(n.1.接待,接見(jiàn);歡迎 2.接待會(huì);歡迎會(huì);宴會(huì)[C])

notably adv.1.尤其；特別 synonym: especially e.g.這房子有很多缺陷，尤其是它的地點(diǎn)和價(jià)格。

The house had many drawbacks, most notably its location([l?u?kei??n] n.位置；場(chǎng)所)and price.(drawback [?dr?:b?k]n.缺點(diǎn)；缺陷；不利條件)2.極大程度上；非常 synonym: remarkably e.g.這個(gè)項(xiàng)目沒(méi)有取得很大的成功。This has not been a notably successful project.2)No Parking原來(lái)是交通標(biāo)牌上的一句話，在句中作area的定語(yǔ)。類似的由若干個(gè)詞合成的詞組型定語(yǔ)還有：a never-to-be-forgotten day(一個(gè)永遠(yuǎn)也不能忘掉的日子)，a well-to-do family(一個(gè)富裕的家庭)等。

well-to-do adj.having a lot of money;rich 有錢的；富有的；富裕的 e.g.他們很闊綽。They are very well-to-do.3)area [???ri?] n.1.[c] part of a place, town, etc., or a region of a country or the world(地方、城市、國(guó)家、世界的)地區(qū)，地域

e.g.荒漠地區(qū) desert [?dez?t] areas 農(nóng)村/城市地區(qū) rural/urban areas 內(nèi)城區(qū) inner-city areas(rural [?ru?r?l] adj.鄉(xiāng)下的;鄉(xiāng)村的;農(nóng)村的 urban [??:b?n] adj.城市的；城鎮(zhèn)的；都市的)60年前有一半法國(guó)人仍然生活在鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)。

Sixty years ago half the French population still lived in rural areas.2.[c] a part of a room, building or particular space that is used for a special purpose(房間、建筑物、處所劃為某用途的)地方，場(chǎng)地，區(qū)

e.g.旅館接待處 the hotel reception area游戲場(chǎng)地；停車場(chǎng) a play/parking area 3.[c] a particular place on an object(物體上的)區(qū)，部位： e.g.你會(huì)注意到你的寶寶頭頂上有兩處柔軟的地方。

You will notice that your baby has two soft areas on the top of his head.4.[c] ~(of sth.)a particular subject or activity, or an aspect of it 領(lǐng)域；方面： e.g.健身俱樂(lè)部是近年來(lái)發(fā)展迅速的領(lǐng)域。

The big growth area of recent years has been in health clubs.語(yǔ)言教學(xué)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展 developments in the area of language teaching 6 5.[c, u] the amount of space covered by a flat surface or piece of land, described as a measurement 面積

e.g.三角形的面積the area of a triangle([?trai??ɡl] n.三角形)這個(gè)房間面積是12平方米。The room is 12 square metres in area.(square adj.1.正方形的；四方形的2.(用于數(shù)字后表示面積)平方)前花園的面積是多少？What’s the area of the front garden? 4)sign n., v 1.[c, u] ~(of sth)/ ~(that?)an event, an action, a fact, etc.that shows that sth.exists, is happening or may happen in the future跡象；征兆；預(yù)兆

synonym: indication [,?ndi'kei??n] n.[c, u] ~(of sth/of doing sth / ~(that?)表明；標(biāo)示；顯示；象征)e.g.頭疼可能是緊張的跡象。Headaches may be a sign of stress.(n.1.[u, c] 精神壓力；心理負(fù)擔(dān)；緊張 2.[u, c] ~(on sth.)壓力)

哪兒都沒(méi)有約翰的影子。There is no sign of John anywhere.她的工作出現(xiàn)了一些改進(jìn)的跡象。Her work is showing some signs of improvement.2.[c] a piece of paper, wood or metal that has writing or a picture on it that gives you information, instructions, a warning, etc.招牌;標(biāo)牌;指示牌;告示牌;標(biāo)志

(writing n.1.[u] 寫；書(shū)寫；寫作 2.[u]著作；文字作品；文章 3.(writings)[pl.](某作家或?qū)ｎ}的)著作，作品 4.[u](書(shū)寫或印刷的)文字 5.[u]筆跡；字跡；書(shū)法)e.g.道路/交通標(biāo)志 a road/traffic sign 商店/酒吧招牌 a shop/pub sign

墻上的牌子上寫著“請(qǐng)洗手”。The sign on the wall said ‘Now wash your hands’.3.[c] a movement or sound that you make to tell sb.sth.示意的動(dòng)作(或聲音)；手勢(shì) e.g.她點(diǎn)頭示意我們坐下。She nodded [n?d] as a sign for us to sit down.4.[c] a mark used to represent [,repri'zent] sth.esp.in mathematics 符號(hào)；記號(hào)

e.g.加/減號(hào) a plus [pl?s] /minus ['main?s] sign 表示英鎊/美元的符號(hào) a pound/dollar sign IDM: a sign of the times something that you feel shows what things are like now, esp.how bad they are時(shí)代特征(含貶義)v.1.to write your name on a document, letter, etc.to show that you have written it, that you agree with what it says, or that it is genuine(['d?enjuin] adj.1.真的；名副其實(shí)的 2.真誠(chéng)的；誠(chéng)實(shí)的；可信賴的)簽(名)，署(名)；簽字，簽署

e.g.[v] 請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@里簽名。Sign your name here, please.[vn] 這封信您還沒(méi)有署名。You haven’t signed the letter.在協(xié)議/合同/支票上簽字 to sign a deal/contract/cheque(AmE check)2.to arrange for sb., for example a sports player or musician, to sign a contract agreeing to work for your company;to sign a contract agreeing to work for a company和?簽約(或應(yīng)聘)： e.g.[v] 樂(lè)隊(duì)同維京唱片公司簽了約。The band signed with Virgin Records.(virgin adj.1.[ubn] 未開(kāi)發(fā)的；原始狀態(tài)的；天然的；未改變的；未觸動(dòng)的2.[obn] 處女的；貞潔的；童貞的)

[vn]這個(gè)公司最近和一名新演員簽約。The company has just signed a new actor.3.~(to sb.)(to do sth.)to make a request or tell sb.to do sth.by using a sign, esp.a hand movement 示意；打手勢(shì)：

e.g.旅館經(jīng)理示意行李工替我拿箱子。

The hotel manager signed to the porter to pick up my case.(porter [?p?:t?] n.1.行李員；搬運(yùn)工 2.(醫(yī)院里護(hù)送病人的)護(hù)工 3.門衛(wèi))(pick sth.up 拿起；舉起；提起)7 4.to use sign language to communicate with sb.打手勢(shì)語(yǔ)： e.g.[vn] 現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的戲劇配上了手勢(shì)語(yǔ)。

An increasing number of plays are now being signed.[v] 為幫助她耳聾的孩子，她學(xué)會(huì)了手勢(shì)語(yǔ)。She learnt to sign to help her deaf child.Phr.v.1.sign for sth.to sign a document to show that you have received sth.簽收 e.g.有人已經(jīng)簽收了這個(gè)包裹。Someone has signed for the package.2.sign sth.away to give something up formally by signing a paper簽字放棄(某物)e.g.他簽字放棄他在那筆財(cái)產(chǎn)中應(yīng)得的一份。He signed away his share in the property.3.sign in/out // sign sb.in/out to write your/sb.’s name when you arrive at or leave an office, a club, etc.簽到/退；替?簽到/簽退

e.g.來(lái)客均需簽到。All visitors must sign in on arrival.客人離開(kāi)俱樂(lè)部時(shí)，你必須為他們簽退。You must sign guests out when they leave the club.4.sign sth.over(to sb.)to give your rights or property to sb.else by signing a document簽字轉(zhuǎn)讓(權(quán)利或財(cái)產(chǎn))e.g.她簽署了轉(zhuǎn)讓手續(xù)，把房子過(guò)到女兒名下。She has signed the house over to her daughter.5.sign up(for sth.)to arrange to do a course of study by adding your name to the list of people doing it 報(bào)名(參加課程)signature [?siɡnit??] n.1.[c] 簽名；署名 2.[u](formal)簽名；署名；簽字；簽署 signboard n.(商店、旅館等的)招牌，告示牌，廣告牌 5)reminder [r??ma?nd?] n.1.~(of sb./sth.)/ ~(that?)something that makes you think about or remember sb./sth., that you have forgotten or would like to forget引起回憶的事物；提醒人的事物 e.g.這些照片總能使人回憶起二十世紀(jì)二十年代的生活。

The photographs are a lasting reminder of life in the 1920s.(lasting adj.[ubn] 繼續(xù)存在的；持久的；耐久的)2.a letter or note informing sb.that they have not done sth.(告知該做某事的)通知單，提示信 e.g.他還沒(méi)有付賬，我們最好寄給他一封催款信。

He hasn’t paid his bill.We’d better send him a reminder.remind [ri?maind] v.~sb.(about/of sth.)to help sb.remember sth.important that they must do提醒；使想起

e.g.[vn] 對(duì)不起，我忘了你的名字。提醒我一下好嗎？

I’m sorry, I’ve forgotten your name.Can you remind me?

[vn to inf] 提醒我在出去之前給瑪麗打電話。Remind me to phone Mary before I go out.[vn(that)] 旅客們請(qǐng)注意，本次列車禁止吸煙。

Passengers are reminded(that)no smoking is allowed on this train.[vn wh-] 誰(shuí)能告訴我下一步該做什么？Can someone remind me what I should do next? Phr.v.remind sb.of sb./sth.使想起(類似的人、地方、事物等)：

e.g.你說(shuō)這樣的話，使我想起了你的父親。You remind me of your father when you say that.這股氣味使我想起了法國(guó)。That smell reminds me of France.6.If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!如果你收到這樣的懇求，你是不會(huì)不遵照?qǐng)?zhí)行的！

1)fail和refuse, forget等相似，是具有否定意義的動(dòng)詞。雖然一個(gè)句子中一般只能有一個(gè)否定詞，但有時(shí)也會(huì)有cannot fail這樣兩個(gè)否定詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中的情況，這時(shí)它們構(gòu) 8 成雙重否定。雙重否定用來(lái)表示肯定。因此，這句話的意義實(shí)際上就是“你會(huì)遵照?qǐng)?zhí)行的”。又如：

e.g.你一定不要拒絕我。(即你一定要答應(yīng)我)You must not refuse me.fail [feil] v.1.~(in sth.)to not be successful in achieving sth.失敗；未能（做到）e.g.(1)我未能說(shuō)服她。

I failed in my attempt to persuade her.(2)她未能進(jìn)入藝術(shù)學(xué)院。She failed to get into art college.2.to not pass a test or an exam;to decide that sb./ sth.has not passed a test or an exam不及格，評(píng)定不及格e.g.他駕駛執(zhí)照考試不及格。He failed his driving test.3.未做；未履行(某事)：

e.g.[v] 他認(rèn)為他如果不報(bào)告就是失職。

He felt he would be failing in his duty if he did not report it.[v to inf] 他未履約。He failed to keep the appointment.每周他必定發(fā)電子郵件。He never fails to e-mail every week.4.[v] to stop working 出故障；失靈

e.g.我騎自行車下山到中途剎車失靈了。The brakes on my bike failed half way down the hill.5.[v](esp.in the progressive tenses尤用于進(jìn)行時(shí))to become weak衰退 e.g.她的視力日漸衰退。Her eyesight is failing.6.[v] to be unable to continue倒閉；破產(chǎn)：

e.g.經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間有幾家銀行倒閉了。Several banks failed during the recession.([ri?se??n] n.[c, u] 經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，經(jīng)濟(jì)萎縮)IDM: without fail

1.務(wù)必；一定

e.g.我要你兩點(diǎn)鐘務(wù)必來(lái)到這里。I want you here by two o’clock without fail.2.always 總是；必定 e.g.他每周必定寫信。He writes every week without fail.failure

n.1.[u] 失敗2.[c] 失敗的人(或事物)3.[u, c] ~(to do sth)未做，未履行(應(yīng)做之事)4.[u, c] 故障；失靈 5.[c, u] business~破產(chǎn)，倒閉

2)obey [??bei] vi.& vt.to do what you are told or expected to do服從；遵守；順從 opposite: disobey e.g.vt.服從指揮/命令 to obey a command/ an order 遵守規(guī)章/法律 to obey rules/the law

他對(duì)父母一向絕對(duì)服從。He had always obeyed his parents without question.大多數(shù)人都遵紀(jì)守法。Most people obey the law...Grammar in use

條件句(Conditional sentences)(1)條件指某一事情完成之后其他事情才能發(fā)生。if通常的意思是“假如”，其后有時(shí)跟 then(那么)。如果then沒(méi)有道出，也會(huì)隱含在句子的意思內(nèi)。if 引導(dǎo)的條件從句不是指已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事件，而是指能夠發(fā)生，可能發(fā)生或可能發(fā)生過(guò)的事件。如果我們認(rèn)為將來(lái)的事件很可能會(huì)發(fā)生，那么if從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(有時(shí)也用其他形式的現(xiàn)在時(shí))，主句中用will(或shall)加動(dòng)詞形式或其他形式的將來(lái)時(shí)：

e.g.你若是不小心，就會(huì)打碎花瓶的。You’ll break that vase if you’re not careful.如果我打碎了，我就買個(gè)新的。If I do, I’ll buy a new one.如果他不買那些畫(huà)，你怎么辦？ What will you do if he doesn’t buy those pictures? 我敢肯定他會(huì)買的。不過(guò)如果他不買，那么我就自己買。

I’m sure he will buy them, but if he doesn’t, I’ll buy them myself.如果她正在睡覺(jué)，那就別叫醒她。Don’t wake her up if she’s sleeping.如果她正在睡覺(jué)，我當(dāng)然不會(huì)叫醒她！

Of course I shan’t/won’t wake her up if she’s sleeping!(2)主句中的will表示肯定如此或幾乎可以肯定會(huì)如此。如果覺(jué)得其“肯定”程度達(dá)不到使用will的程度，或者如果想表達(dá)建議等其他意思，就可以用別的情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞來(lái)代替will： e.g.我替你將這些信發(fā)了好嗎？Shall I post these letters for you? 如果你愿意，你可以把它們寄走。You can post them if you want to.如果明天天氣好，我們可以/可能出門去。If it’s fine tomorrow, we can/may go out.(3)主句還可以用祈使語(yǔ)氣等表示請(qǐng)求、建議等：

e.g.明天如果下雨就呆在家里。Stay at home tomorrow if it rains.如果你見(jiàn)到他，請(qǐng)讓他給我打電話。Please tell him to ring me if you see him.如果你不能來(lái)，請(qǐng)告訴我一聲。Please let me know if you can’t come.10

第五篇：新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)第13課

Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys 綠(lu)林少年

The Greenwood Boys are a group of pop singers.At present, they are visiting all parts of the country.They will be arriving here tomorrow.They will be coming by train and most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station.Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers' Club.The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days.During this time, they will give five performances.As usual, the police will have a difficult time.They will be trying to keep order.It is always the same on these occasions.New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)

group [ɡru:p] n.小組，團(tuán)體pop singer 流行歌手club [kl?b] n.俱樂(lè)部 performance [ p??f?:m?ns] n.演出occasion [??kei??n] n.場(chǎng)合 參考譯文

“綠林少年”是一個(gè)流行歌曲演唱團(tuán)。目前他們正在全國(guó)各地巡回演出，明天就要到達(dá)此地。他們將乘火車來(lái)，鎮(zhèn)上的大部分青年人將到車站迎接他們。明晚他們將在工人俱樂(lè)部演出?！熬G林少年”準(zhǔn)備在此逗留5天。在此期間，他們將演出5場(chǎng)。同往常一樣，警察的日子將不好過(guò)，他們將設(shè)法維持秩序。每逢這種場(chǎng)合，情況都是這樣。1.The Greenwood Boys 綠(lu)林少年

2.The Greenwood Boys are a group of pop singers.([?s???])“綠林少年”是一個(gè)流行歌曲演唱團(tuán)。

1)group的含義是“組”、“群”、“群體”、“團(tuán)體”。通常用a group of 表示一群或一個(gè)團(tuán)體： e.g.我在回家的路上遇見(jiàn)了一群學(xué)生。On my way home, I met a group of students.你可以看到湖的中央有一群島嶼。You can see a group of islands in the middle of the lake.group [ɡru:p] n./v.n.[c] 1.a number of people or things that are together in the same place or that are connected in some way組；群；批；類；簇

e.g.一群姑娘；一片樹(shù)林/房子 a group of girls/trees/houses 學(xué)生們成群地站在周圍等待成績(jī)。Students stood around in groups waiting for their results.討論；學(xué)習(xí)小組 a discussion/study group

2.(business商)a number of companies that are owned by the same person or organization集團(tuán) e.g.報(bào)業(yè)集團(tuán) a newspaper group 3.(rather old-fashioned)a number of musicians who perform together, especially to play pop music(尤指流行音樂(lè)的)演奏組，樂(lè)團(tuán)，樂(lè)隊(duì)

e.g.她是搖滾樂(lè)隊(duì)的歌手。She sings in a rock group.v.1.~(sb./sth.)(round/around sb./sth.)/ ~(sb./sth.)(together)to gather into a group;to make sb./sth.form a group(使)成群，成組，聚集：

e.g.[vn] 孩子們聚集在老師周圍。The children grouped themselves around their teacher.[v] 我們?nèi)w圍著這棵樹(shù)照了張相。We all grouped around the tree for a photograph.2.vt.to divide people or things into groups of people or things that are similar in some way將?分類；把?分組

e.g.這些書(shū)按科目分類。The books are grouped together by subject.(subject [?s?bd?ikt] n.1.[c] 學(xué)科；科目；課程 2.[c] 主題；題目；話題；題材；問(wèn)題3.[c] 主語(yǔ))

人可以分成數(shù)種類型。People can be grouped into several types.2)pop [p?p] n.[u] modern popular music of the sort that has been popular since the 1950s, usually with a strong rhythm([?rie?m] n.節(jié)奏,韻律)and simple tunes([tju:n] n.曲調(diào))流行音樂(lè)；流行樂(lè)曲 adj.[only before noun] 1.connected with modern popular music流行音樂(lè)的；通俗風(fēng)格的 e.g.流行音樂(lè)樂(lè)隊(duì)/歌手組合/歌手 a pop band/group/singer 你喜歡流行歌曲/音樂(lè)嗎？Do you like pop songs/music? 2.made in a modern popular style通俗的；現(xiàn)代的 e.g.通俗文化 pop culture 3.At present, they are visiting all parts of the country.They will be arriving here tomorrow.目前他們正在全國(guó)各地巡回演出，明天就要到達(dá)此地。1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at present意義與now相同，意為“目前”、“現(xiàn)在”，是個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)： e.g.醫(yī)生現(xiàn)在非常忙。你明天上午來(lái)吧。

The doctor is very busy at present.Come here tomorrow morning.present vt.[pri?z?nt]

1.~sb.with sth/~sth(to sb.)to give sth to sb, esp.formally at a ceremony把?交給；頒發(fā)；授予；贈(zèng)送；

e.g.布朗先生離開(kāi)這個(gè)公司時(shí)，公司經(jīng)理贈(zèng)給他一塊金表。

When Mr.Brown left the firm, the manager presented a gold watch to him.2.~sth.(for sth.)/~sth(to sb.)to show or offer sth.for other people to look at or consider提供；遞交；提出

e.g.什么時(shí)候項(xiàng)目組呈交他們的報(bào)告？ When will the project team present their report? 委員會(huì)將于六月向議會(huì)提交最后的報(bào)告。

The committee [k??miti] will present its final report to Parliament [?pɑ:l?m?nt] in June.3.~sb.with sth./~sth.to cause sth.to happen or be experienced使發(fā)生；使經(jīng)歷 e.g.洪水使該省面臨種種嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題。

The flood presented the province [?pr?vins] with severe [si?vi?] problems.你的請(qǐng)求應(yīng)該不會(huì)給我們?cè)斐扇魏螁?wèn)題。

Your request shouldn’t present us with any problems.4.~itself(to sb.)(of an opportunity, a solution, etc.機(jī)會(huì)、答案等)to suddenly happen or become available突然出現(xiàn)；顯露；產(chǎn)生 e.g.一有機(jī)會(huì)，她就會(huì)另謀新職。

As soon as the opportunity presented itself, she would get another job.這個(gè)問(wèn)題自然而然地浮現(xiàn)在我的腦海中。The question naturally presented itself in my mind.5.~sb.(to sb.)(formal)to introduce sb.formally, esp.to sb.of higher rank or status[?steit?s]正式介紹；引見(jiàn)

e.g.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我向您介紹我的未婚夫。May I present my fiancé['fi:ɑ:nsei] to you? 他很榮幸地被引見(jiàn)給女王。He had the honour of being presented to the Queen.(have the honour of sth./of doing sth.(fml)得到某殊榮；有幸做某事)

adj.[?prez?nt]

1.[not before noun]~(at sth.)(of a person人)being in a particular place 出現(xiàn)；在場(chǎng)；出席（作表語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)，后常跟at引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)：be present at）e.g.開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí)他一直在場(chǎng)。He had been present at the conference.有多少人出席會(huì)議？How many people were present at the meeting? 有一名攝影師在場(chǎng)。There was a photographer [f??t?gr?f?] present.2 2.[only before noun] existing or happening now現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)在的；目前的；當(dāng)前的（作定語(yǔ)）e.g.經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)劃在目前情況下不可能成功。

Economic planning cannot succeed in present conditions.現(xiàn)在的主席是位婦女。The present chairperson is a woman.你現(xiàn)在的住址在哪里？What’s your present address? n.[?prez?nt]

1.a thing that you give to sb.as a gift禮品，禮物，贈(zèng)品(gift)：

e.g.他們將戲票作為禮物送給我。They gave me theatre tickets as a present.圣誕/結(jié)婚禮物 Christmas/wedding presents 我給他送點(diǎn)什么生日禮物呢？What can I get him for a birthday present? 2.(usually the present)the time now目前；現(xiàn)在

in the present 目前；現(xiàn)在at present 現(xiàn)在；目前

for the present 暫時(shí) up to the present 直到現(xiàn)在；至今

e.g.你必須忘掉過(guò)去，開(kāi)始現(xiàn)在的生活。

You’ve got to forget the past and start living in the present.很抱歉他這會(huì)兒不在。I’m sorry he’s out at present(=now).2)all在這里的意思是“各種的”、“各個(gè)”，與它通常的意思(“所有的”或“一切的”)稍有不同：

e.g.在這家商店你可以見(jiàn)到各種各樣的鞋。You can find all kinds of shoes in this store.3)part [pɑ:t] n./v./adv.n.1.[u]~of sth some but not all of a thing 部分

e.g.大樓的一部分毀于火災(zāi)。Part of the building was destroyed in the fire.2.[c] an area or a region of the world, a country, a town, etc.(世界、國(guó)家或城鎮(zhèn)等的)區(qū)域，地區(qū) e.g.這個(gè)國(guó)家的北部地區(qū) the northern part of the country

在世界許多地區(qū) in many parts of the world 你是倫敦哪個(gè)地區(qū)的人？Which part of London do you come from.3.[u] a member of sth.;a person or thing that, together with others, makes up a single unit 成員；成分

e.g.你必須能作為團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員進(jìn)行工作。You need to be able to work as part of a team.4.[c] a piece of a machine or structure部件；零件 e.g.備用零件 spare parts 5.[c] a section, piece or feature(n.[c]1.特征，特點(diǎn)；2.[usually pl.]面容的一部分；3.（期刊的）特輯)of sth.片段；部分；一點(diǎn)

e.g.她年輕時(shí)生活在巴黎。The early part of her life was spent in Paris.我們已經(jīng)完成了工作的困難部分。We’ve done the difficult part of the job.IDM:

1.have/play a part(in sth.)to be involved in sth.參與某事

e.g.她積極參與地方政治活動(dòng)。She plays an active part in local politics.2.in part partly;to some extent [iks?tent]部分地；在某種這程度上

e.g.她的成功在某種程度上是由于運(yùn)氣好。Her success was due in part to luck.(due [dju:] adj.[not before noun]~to sth./sb.由于；因?yàn)?3.on the part of sb./on sb’s part made or done by sb.由某人所為 e.g.那是我的過(guò)失。It was an error(n.錯(cuò)誤，過(guò)失)on my part.5.take part(in sth.)IDM是固定短語(yǔ)，to be involved in sth.“參加”、“參與(某項(xiàng)活動(dòng))” synonym：participate [pɑ:?tisipeit] vi.~(in sth)參加；參與 e.g.我們都參加了這次競(jìng)賽。We all took part in the competition.6.take sb’s part(BrE)to support sb., for example in an argument(在辯論等中)支持某人，站在某人一邊

e.g.他母親總是護(hù)著他。His mother always takes his part.v.1.vi.~(from sb.)(formal)離開(kāi)；分別

e.g.我們?cè)跈C(jī)場(chǎng)分手了。We parted at the airport.2.vt.[often passive]~sb(from sb.)(formal)to prevent sb.from being with sb.else分離；分開(kāi)；隔離

e.g.我不愿與孩子們分開(kāi)。I hate being parted from the children.3.分散；分開(kāi)；解散

e.g.vi.人群在他們面前分開(kāi)了。The crowd parted in front of them.vt.她的嘴唇微微張開(kāi)。Her lips were slightly parted.adv.(often in compounds 常構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞)consisting of two things;to some extent but not completely由兩部分構(gòu)成；在一定程度上；部分地 e.g.她是英法血統(tǒng)各半。She’s part French, part English.他擁有法國(guó)某農(nóng)場(chǎng)的一部分。He is part owner of a farm in France.4)arrive /?’raiv/ v.到達(dá)，抵達(dá)(目的地)arrive at

e.g.我們昨天10點(diǎn)到的機(jī)場(chǎng)。We arrived at the airport at 10 o’clock yesterday.arrive in e.g.飛機(jī)何時(shí)到達(dá)紐約？What time does the plane arrive in New York?

我們平安到家了。We arrived home safely.arrival / ?’raiv?l / n.[u] 到達(dá)，抵達(dá)

e.g.我們對(duì)飛機(jī)誤點(diǎn)表示道歉。We apologize for the late arrival of the aircraft.4.They will be coming by train and most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station.他們將乘火車來(lái)，鎮(zhèn)上的大部分青年人將到車站迎接他們。meet [mi:t] n./ v.(met, met)1.[no passive] to be in the same place as sb.by chance and talk to them相遇；相逢；遇見(jiàn) e.g.[v] 我希望我們很快會(huì)再次相逢。I hope we’ll meet again soon.[vn]你在城里碰見(jiàn)什么人了嗎？Did you meet anyone in town? 2.[no passive] to come together formally in order to discuss sth.開(kāi)會(huì)；會(huì)晤 e.g.[v]委員會(huì)每周五開(kāi)會(huì)。The committee meets on Fridays.(committee [k?'miti] n.委員會(huì);全體委員)[vn] 首相與其他歐洲首腦舉行會(huì)談。

The Prime Minister met other European leaders for talks.(premier ['premi?] n.總理, 首相)3.[no passive] to come together socially after you have arranged it(與?)會(huì)面；集合 e.g.[v] 下班后我們一起去喝一杯吧。Let’s meet for a drink after work.[vn] 我們7點(diǎn)鐘在劇院外面和他們會(huì)合。

We’re meeting them outside the theatre at 7 o’clock.4.[vn]to go to a place and wait there for a particular person to arrive迎接： e.g.你到機(jī)場(chǎng)接我好嗎？Will you meet me at the airport? 5.[no passive] to see and know sb.for the first time;to be introduced to sb.相識(shí)；結(jié)識(shí)；被引見(jiàn)介紹(給某人)e.g.[vn] 你是在哪兒和你丈夫初次相識(shí)的？Where did you first meet your husband?

[v] 我想我們沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)面吧。I don’t think we’ve met.6.[no passive] to play, fight, etc.together as opponents in a competition.遭遇；交鋒

(opponent n.[?'p?un?nt] 對(duì)手, 敵手)在去年的決賽中，A和B遭遇了。A met B in last year’s final.7.to touch sth;to join接觸(某物)；連接

e.g.[v] 這窗簾中間合不攏。The curtains don’t meet in the middle.[vn] 這條河就在這里流入大海。That’s where the river meets the sea.8.[vn] to do or satisfy what is needed or what sb.asks for滿足；使?jié)M意 e.g.我們?cè)鯓硬拍茏詈玫貪M足各種人的需要呢？

How can we best meet the needs of all the different groups? IDM: meet sb’s eye(s)

1.(also meet sb’s gaze, look, etc;people’s eyes meet)(和某人)對(duì)視；目光相遇 e.g.她不敢正眼看我。She was afraid to meet my eye.他們隔著擁擠的房間目光相遇了。Their eyes met across the crowded room.2.呈現(xiàn)；顯現(xiàn)

e.g.一幅可怕的景象映入他們的眼簾。A terrible sight met their eyes.Phr.v.meet up(with sb.)to meet sb., especially by arrangement(按照安排)見(jiàn)面，會(huì)面 e.g.后來(lái)他們又在一起喝過(guò)酒。They met up again later for a drink.meet with sb.(especially AmE)to meet sb., especially for discussions和某人會(huì)晤(商討問(wèn)題等)e.g.總統(tǒng)會(huì)見(jiàn)了日本首相。The President met with the Prime Minister of Japan.meet with sth.(written)

1.to be received or treated by sb.in a particular way遭遇(某事)；受到某種對(duì)待 e.g.成功；失敗 to meet with success/failure

我在入境時(shí)遇到了一些困難。I met with some difficulties when I tried to enter the country.2.to experience sth.unpleasant經(jīng)歷，體驗(yàn)(不愉快的事)e.g.她怕他出了車禍。She was worried that he might have met with an accident.n.1.(especially AmE)a sports competition體育比賽；運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)

5.Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers' Club.明晚他們將在工人俱樂(lè)部演出。

6.The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days.“綠林少年”準(zhǔn)備在此逗留5天。

stay / stei / v.呆，停留，逗留，留下

e.g.1)我昨晚在晚會(huì)上逗留得很晚。I stayed late at the party last night.2)你能留下來(lái)吃晚飯嗎？Can you stay for dinner?

3)我熬夜一直到早晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)。I stayed up until 2 o’clock in the morning.7.During this time, they will give five performances.在此期間，他們將演出5場(chǎng)。performance [ p??f?:m?ns] n.1.[u](formal)the act or process of performing a task, an action, etc.做；執(zhí)行；履行： e.g.他數(shù)學(xué)考得不太好。His performance in the mathematics exam is not very good.他由于出色地履行了自己的職責(zé)而受到了表?yè)P(yáng)。He is praised for the excellent performance of his duties.(praise[ preiz] n.[u]贊揚(yáng)；稱贊；贊美

vt.~sb./sth.(for sth)/~sb./sth.(as sth.)表?yè)P(yáng)；贊揚(yáng)；稱贊)她在考試中的表現(xiàn)令人相當(dāng)滿意。

Her performance in the exam was quite satisfactory/satisfying.(satisfactory: good enough令人滿意的；符合要求的 satisfying: giving pleasure令人滿意的；使人滿足的)

她在工作中表現(xiàn)出對(duì)工作的熱忱。She has shown enthusiasm in the performance of her duties.2.[u, c] how well or badly you do sth;how well or badly sth.works 表現(xiàn)；業(yè)績(jī)；性能；工作情況：e.g.國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況 the country’s economic performance

3.[c] 演出，表演：

e.g.這些流行歌手將演出5場(chǎng)。The pop singers will give five performances.perform [ p??f?:m] v.1.vt.to do sth., such as a piece of work, task or duty做；執(zhí)行；履行

e.g.做實(shí)驗(yàn)；舉行儀式 to perform an experiment [ik'sperim?nt] / a ceremony 她在我們的組織中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。She performs an important role in our organization.電腦能同時(shí)做多項(xiàng)工作。A computer can perform many tasks at once.2.to entertain an audience by playing a piece of music, acting in a play, etc.演出；表演 e.g.[vn]這個(gè)劇于1987年首次上演。The play was first performed in 1987.[v] 我期待著看你演出。I’m looking forward to seeing you perform.3.vi.~(well/badly/poorly)to work or function(v.起作用；正常工作；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn))well or badly 工作，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)(好/不好)e.g.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)似乎運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常。The engine seems to be performing well.這家公司過(guò)去一年業(yè)績(jī)欠佳。The company has been performing poorly over the last year.performer [p?'f?:m?(r)] n.1.表演者；演出者；演員

2.a person or thing that behaves or works in the way mentioned表現(xiàn)得?者；表現(xiàn)了?者 e.g.他在校學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)不好。He was a poor performer at school.the performing arts n.[pl.] 表演藝術(shù)

8.As usual, the police will have a difficult time.They will be trying to keep order.同往常一樣，警察的日子將不好過(guò)，他們將設(shè)法維持秩序。1)usual 的含義為“通常的”、“平常的”、“慣常的”，as usual是固定短語(yǔ)，可譯為“像平常一樣”、“照例”：

e.g.那天，他像平常一樣，上班又遲到了。On that day, he was late for work as usual.2)difficult在這里可以解釋為“難對(duì)付的”、“費(fèi)勁的”，指麻煩比較多。3)order常用的意義是“次序”、“順序”。在這句話中它的含義是“治安”、“秩序”，一般用于keep order(維持秩序)，public order(治安)等短語(yǔ)中。order ['?:d?]

n.1.[u, c]次序;順序

e.g.這些項(xiàng)目是按其重要性的順序列出的。The items are listed in order of importance.2.[u] 條理 e.g.他的書(shū)桌上總是整整齊齊的。His desk is always in order.3.[u] 治安, 秩序

e.g.keep order 維持秩序

有些教師覺(jué)得難以維持課堂秩序。

Some teachers find it difficult to keep their classes in order.4.[c] ~(for sb.to do sth)/(to do sth)something that sb.is told to do by sb.in authority命令, 指示

e.g.他下令開(kāi)始工作。He gave orders for the work to be started.長(zhǎng)官下令前進(jìn)。The officer gave the order to advance.(advance [?d'vɑ:ns] n./ adj.[only before noun] 預(yù)先的；事先的vi.~(on/towards sb./sth.)(為了進(jìn)攻、威脅等)前進(jìn)；行進(jìn))他指示三天內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作。He gave orders that the job be done in three days.6 我奉命不準(zhǔn)任何人進(jìn)入。I’m under orders not to let anyone in.5.[c, u] ~(for sth)訂購(gòu), 訂貨;訂單

e.g.這家公司接到一份要求大量供應(yīng)電腦的訂單。

The company received a large order for computers.IDM: out of order

(1)(of a machine)not working correctly 有毛病，出故障 e.g.電話壞了。The phone is out of order.(2)not arranged correctly or neatly 安排不當(dāng)；不整潔 e.g.我檢查過(guò)案卷，其中有些未按順序編排。

I checked the files and some of the papers were out of order.v.1.命令；指揮；要求

e.g.軍官命令他們開(kāi)火。The officer ordered them to fire.他命令她走。He ordered her to go.2.vt.~(sb.)sth/~sth(for sb.)訂購(gòu)；訂貨；要求提供服務(wù) e.g.你可以電話訂票。You can order tickets by telephone.要我給你叫輛出租車嗎？Shall I order you a taxi?/Shall I order a taxi for you? 3.vt.~(sb.sth)/~(sth)(for sb.)點(diǎn)（酒菜等）

e.g.我要了一杯啤酒，一個(gè)三明治。I ordered a beer and a sandwich.orderly

adj.1.arranged or organized in a neat, careful and logical way整潔的;有秩序的；有條理的 e.g.(1)平靜有序的生活a calm and orderly life

(2)一行行栽種整齊的蔬菜vegetables planted in orderly rows(3)頭腦清晰的女人a woman with an orderly mind

(4)他條理分明地回答了老師的提問(wèn)。He gave an orderly answer to the teacher's question.2.behaving well;peaceful表現(xiàn)良好的；守秩序的

e.g.秩序井然的示威an orderly demonstration([,dem?n'stre???n] n.1.[c] 游行示威 2.[c, u] 示范；演示)opposite: disorderly n.[C](pl.-ies)

1.a person who works in a hospital;usually doing jobs that do not need any special training(醫(yī)院的)護(hù)理員

2.a soldier who does jobs that do not need any special training勤務(wù)兵

9.It is always the same on these occasions.每逢這種場(chǎng)合，情況都是這樣。當(dāng)用occasion表示在某個(gè)/些場(chǎng)合時(shí)，它與介詞on連用：

e.g.約翰曾在3個(gè)不同的場(chǎng)合見(jiàn)過(guò)瑪麗。John has met Mary on three different occasions.occasion [??kei??n] n., v.n.1.[c](特殊的)事件；(特殊的)場(chǎng)合

e.g.我只在特殊場(chǎng)合才打領(lǐng)帶。I wear a tie only on special occations.2.[c](某事發(fā)生的)時(shí)刻，時(shí)節(jié)

e.g.在這時(shí)/那時(shí) on this/that occasion 那時(shí)我不在家。On that occasion I was not at home.3.~(for sth./doing sth.)a suitable time for sth.機(jī)會(huì)；時(shí)機(jī) e.g.如有機(jī)會(huì)，你應(yīng)該到那里去。You should go there if the occasion arises.(vi.產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生)

我想借此機(jī)會(huì)向你表示感謝。I want to take this occasion to thank you.occasional [??kei??nl]

adj.[only before noun] happening or done sometimes but not often偶爾的；偶然的；臨時(shí)的 e.g.(1)她喜歡偶爾喝杯酒。She likes an occasional glass of wine.(2)他在我們這里做臨時(shí)工。He works for us on an occasional basis.(3)他在巴黎度過(guò)了五年，偶爾去英國(guó)看看。

He spent five years in Paris, with occasional visits to England.adv.occasionally偶爾,間或 e.g.朋友偶爾拜訪他們。Friends visit them occasionally.Grammar in use 1.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(The future progressive tense)1.構(gòu)成 will/shall+be doing sth.2.功能

1)表示將來(lái)某時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。What will you be doing at eight tomorrow evening? 2)對(duì)即將發(fā)生動(dòng)作的一種推測(cè)。He will be arriving in a minute.3)用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)提問(wèn)更加客氣，禮貌。Will you be spending your holidays abroad? 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)由will/shall+be+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成通常用于表示最近或很久的將來(lái)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。試與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)比較：

e.g.下個(gè)月我將用功看書(shū)，準(zhǔn)備考試。I’ll be working for my exams next month.我現(xiàn)在正在用功看書(shū)，準(zhǔn)備考試。I’m working for my exams now.快！客人就要來(lái)了！Hurry up!The guests will be arriving at any minute!客人們正陸續(xù)到來(lái)。The guests are just arriving.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人設(shè)想已經(jīng)安排好的事：

e.g.到明天這個(gè)時(shí)間，我將正在海灘上躺著。By this time tomorrow, I’ll be lying on the beach.雖然將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)有時(shí)表達(dá)的意思差不多，但它們之間還是有一些區(qū)別的。一般將來(lái)時(shí)中的will經(jīng)常具有蓄意為之的含義(如表示主語(yǔ)的意愿、決心、許諾等)，將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)不具有這些含義，只表示單純的將來(lái)，或者說(shuō)只陳述將來(lái)的事實(shí)，但它具有一種“溫和效應(yīng)”，語(yǔ)氣比單用will時(shí)委婉客氣：

e.g.你什么時(shí)候會(huì)處理完這些信件？(如上司對(duì)下屬)When will you finish these letters? 你什么時(shí)候會(huì)見(jiàn)到懷特先生？(如下屬對(duì)上司)When will you be seeing Mr.White?

你明天這時(shí)候會(huì)在干什么？(不是問(wèn)意圖，只問(wèn)事實(shí))What will you be doing this time tomorrow? 我會(huì)在打網(wǎng)球。I’ll be playing tennis.否定式也有這些區(qū)別：

e.g.瑪麗不付帳。(她拒絕付賬)Mary won’t pay this bill.瑪麗不會(huì)付賬。(將來(lái)的事實(shí))Mary won’t be paying this bill.你來(lái)和我們一起吃飯好嗎？(邀請(qǐng))Won’t you john us for dinner? 你會(huì)和我們一起吃飯嗎？(將來(lái)的事實(shí))Won’t you be joining us for dinner? 2.名詞的所有格

1.所有格：在英語(yǔ)中有些名詞可以加’s來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名 詞的所有格。2.所有格的規(guī)則

1)專有名詞(人名)1.以s結(jié)尾的加’(但也有加’s)2.其他情況都加’s 2)一般名詞

1.規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式(即已加上s和es，變成了復(fù)數(shù)的名詞)在后面加’。2.其他情況加’s 名詞的所有格相當(dāng)于belong to

表示時(shí)間或金錢的短語(yǔ)也能加’s。我們一般只對(duì)人和某些生物用-’s。名詞所有格放在其所修飾的名詞之前，但在上下文很清楚時(shí)名詞可以省略：

e.g.我坐邁克的車去，你可以坐安迪的。I’ll go in Mike’s car and you can go in Andy’s.名詞所有格的構(gòu)成有一條最簡(jiǎn)單的規(guī)則，即除了以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只需加一省字號(hào)(’)外，任何人稱名詞都可以加-’s。具體情況如下：(1)在單數(shù)名詞及不以-s結(jié)尾的人名后加-’s：

e.g.小孩的話 a child’s words 湯姆的新工作 Tom’s new job(2)以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞后加-’s：

e.g.一個(gè)女招待員的工作 a waitress’s job(3)在規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之后加省字號(hào)(’)：e.g.男校 boys’ school(4)如果是用and連接的兩個(gè)人名，則在第二個(gè)人名上加-’s： e.g.約翰和瑪麗的孩子 John and Mary’s child 也可能同時(shí)有兩個(gè)所有格：

e.g.我兄弟的鄰居的妹妹/姐姐是一名護(hù)士。My brother’s neighbour’s sister is a nurse.(5)以-s結(jié)尾的人名后應(yīng)加-’s，如Hans’s address(漢斯的地址)。不過(guò)有時(shí)我們卻既可以單用省字號(hào)也可以用-’s：

e.g.瓊斯先生的汽車 Mr.Jones’/Jones’s car 有些無(wú)生命的物體后面也可以用所有格，如與時(shí)間有關(guān)的：

一天的工作 a day’s work 一個(gè)月的薪水 a month’s salary 一兩周時(shí)間 a week or two’s time 表示值多少錢也可以用所有格：

e.g.兩英鎊的面包

two pounds’ worth of bread