第一篇：2008江蘇中考講座(17)聽力

2008江蘇中考講座（17）聽力理解的考點集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練

【考點掃描】

聽力理解題的要求主要是：

1、能聽懂基本上沒有生詞，貼近學(xué)生生活的語言材料；

2、能聽懂并正確的辨別所聽到的句子；

3、能聽懂聲音材料中涉及到的主要信息或重要細(xì)節(jié)；

4、能聽懂對話或短文中談?wù)摰囊c、中心意思，并根據(jù)題目要求做出合理的判 斷，如：推理出對話發(fā)生的時間、地點、對話人物關(guān)系和身份等?！久麕熃怆y】 一.訓(xùn)練方法

可能很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為面對聽力，總有一種無從下手的感覺。其實盡管中考的聽力很難靠猜題和壓題來復(fù)習(xí)，但是中考中的聽力測試部分不是隨意設(shè)計的，它遵循《英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的規(guī)定和要求，因此同學(xué)們只要注意方法，多聽多練，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)聽力部分并沒有想象中的那么難。那么我們?nèi)绾卫煤眠@一年的時間，爭取在聽力水平上有所提高呢？ 1.首先要充分利用好英語老師在課堂上的語言。一般的英語老師在英語課堂上 都是盡可能的利用英語來組織教學(xué)，無論老師說多說少，同學(xué)們都可以把這當(dāng)成練習(xí)聽力的好機(jī)會。在聽得不大明白的情況下，要仔細(xì)聽上下文，從老師前后的語言中來猜測、判斷語意，或是根據(jù)老師的手勢、眼神、動作等來分析，千萬不要因為聽不大懂而放棄。如果能利用好老師的課堂上的語言，對你的聽力會有不少的幫助。

2.在平時的學(xué)習(xí)和生活中，充分利用國內(nèi)或國外的優(yōu)秀的英語廣播和電視節(jié)目等，選擇比較適合自己水平的節(jié)目，看比較簡單的英語原聲電影，等等。現(xiàn)在有很多電視頻道和廣播都有針對中學(xué)生開辟的欄目，同學(xué)們不妨每天定期收看，并作好聽力記錄，把能夠聽懂的東西記錄下來，也可以把不明白的句子或單詞記錄下來（盡可能地記錄），等節(jié)目結(jié)束后去揣摩或問老師。堅持下來，就會在無形中既提高了聽的能力，還能有助于增長詞匯量和知識，是幫助學(xué)習(xí)者打下牢固聽力基礎(chǔ)的較好方法，并建立語言溝通能力的自信心的有效途。

3.在泛聽的基礎(chǔ)上，必須安排一定的時間進(jìn)行專項、綜合和強(qiáng)化性聽力訓(xùn)練。選擇難易適度的材料，先易后難，先慢后快地進(jìn)行。二.解題技巧

1.先看題后聽音：在做聽力題時，一定要做到聽前先把聽力試卷全部看一遍，尤其是聽對話和聽短文這兩種類型，以大概掌握主題內(nèi)容，縮小聽力范圍；

2.把握全文：聽第一遍時，不要急于做答，應(yīng)仔細(xì)把全文聽完，盡可能弄明白文章的大意；

3.邊聽邊記：聽的過程中，可以適當(dāng)?shù)刈鲆恍┯涗?，如：時間、地點、數(shù)字、人物、天氣等等，同時把可能正確的答案做上記號。

4.抓關(guān)鍵詞：無論談話的主題是什么，總會涉及到這類主題的專門用語。抓住這個關(guān)鍵詞，談話地點，人物關(guān)系就好確定了。

5.不因前誤后：有時一個詞或一個句子沒有聽懂，不必著急。將沒聽清楚的詞或句子放過去，不要影響了下一道題?！局锌挤独?/p>

陜西省的聽力的題目分為三個部分，下面我們按照題目地類型分別加以說明： 1.聽句子，選答語

這類題目要求考生在聽完一個句子的錄音后，從書面的三個備選項中，找出所聽到的句子的答語。這類題型在考察中一般屬于較易題，考察的重點為大綱中日常交際用語表中所列項目。請看2004年陜西省聽力部分第1題：

1.A.I think so.B.Thanks a lot.C.I hope so.錄音材料：

1.Wish you good luck in this exam!在解答本題前，同學(xué)們通過快速瀏覽書面選擇項，通過特定情景用語的分析，就可將問題的內(nèi)容基本推測出來。對方向你表示良好地祝愿，你的回答當(dāng)然是表示感謝。答案為B。

II.聽對話，選答案

這類題目讓考生聽一組對話，在聽完對話后，接著由第三者根據(jù)對話的內(nèi)容提出問題，要求考生在領(lǐng)會談話要旨的基礎(chǔ)上，從書面三個備選項中挑選能回答所聽到問句的正確答案、或是讓考生辨別說話人的職業(yè)或者兩人之間的關(guān)系以及推斷談話發(fā)生的場合或地點等。請看2004年陜西省聽力部分第6題：

6.A.Weather.B.Business.C.Season.錄音材料：

6.W: I am going to London on business.Can you tell me if it rains a lot there? M: Yes, it often rains there.

Question: What are they talking about? 該題中的女士問的是下雨的事，男士回答的也是下雨的事。他們談?wù)摰脑掝}當(dāng)然是天氣。答案為A。III.聽短文，選答案

聽短文要注意聽大意，要善于捕捉整體信息，切莫一個詞一個詞地聽，也不要聽一句就翻譯一句，更不必因一個詞或一個短語沒聽懂就停步不前，一定要帶著短文后的要求和指令去聽。聽的短文通常是結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的故事，選用大多是圍繞who , when , where , what , how 或why所設(shè)的問題。因此，在聽的時候應(yīng)緊緊圍繞選項內(nèi)容作些速記，記下關(guān)鍵詞語，理清線索，抓好前后聯(lián)系，最后才準(zhǔn)確做出答案。請看2004年陜西省聽力部分第16-20題：

16.Where did Jack work? A.On a farm.B.In an office.C.In a factory.17.How often did he get his money? A.Every month.B.Every week.C.Every half month.18.What happened this month? A.Jack got more money.B.Jack got less money.C.Jack got enough money.19.From this passage we know that ________.A.the manager believe Jack B.Jack wasn’t an honest(誠實的)man C.Jack was an honest man 20.Could Jack go on working in this factory? A.The story didn’t tell us.B.Yes, he could.C.No, he couldn’t.錄音材料：

Jack worked in a factory, and at the end of last month he got his money in a paper bag.He opened the bag and found it was wrong.He got fifty more dollars.He put the money carefully in his pocket and said nothing to others.A month later, he got his money again.He found it was wrong again this time.There was not enough money in his paper bag.Then he went to see the manager. “That’s right,” said the manager after Jack told his story.“I made a mistake last month.For one mistake, I can close my eyes.But for two, I can’t.Thank you, Jack.I’ve known you already.I have to choose another man instead of you.I think you should know what do to in the future.”

本題在聽短文，選擇正確答案的題型中屬于較容易題。同學(xué)們在聽本題前，通過快速瀏覽試題所給的5個問題及選項，根據(jù)所提供的信息，可以推測出短文所涉及的內(nèi)容是Jack的工作問題。5個問題分別涉及到Jack在那里工作，多長時間拿一次工資，工資出現(xiàn)了多少的問題，Jack誠實不誠實，從而決定了他是否能留下來繼續(xù)工作。帶著這些問題開始聽錄音。第一遍聽音時只聽不記，把注意力集中在有關(guān)問題的內(nèi)容上，把握全文大意。第二遍聽音時邊聽邊看邊記，重點把短文中有關(guān)內(nèi)容與相關(guān)的題目對上號，分析判斷后就能很快選出正確的答案，即：1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C?！緷M分演練】

（1）

聽對話，選答案

1.A.It’s Friday..B.It’s April 23rd C.It’s fine today.2.A.Yes, I’d love to.B.No, I don’t.C.I enjoy reading books.3.A.Sure.B.Certainly not.C.Thanks. 4.A.Me too.B.You’re welcome.C..Thank you.5.A.Yes, I will.B.Yes, please. C.Thank you.It’s lovely.6.A.That’s a good idea.B.I’ll take your advice.C.It’s hard to say.7.A.No, you can’t.B.Sure, I’d love to C.Yes, I want.8.A.Me too.B.Thank you.C.That’s all right. 9.A.From 8:00 to 11:00 B.Five hours.C.At 8:00. 10.A.No, she hasn’t.B.Yes, he hasn’t.C.Yes, never. 聽力材料：

1.What’s the date today?

2.Do you enjoy listening to music or reading books? 3.Can I ask for leave tomorrow afternoon? 4.You speak English very fluently.5.Shall I get a taxi for you? 6.Let’s go to the concert, shall we? 7.Would you like to have a game with us? 8.I’m so happy that you could be here at Christmas time.9.Could you tell me what time the plane leaves? 10.She has never been abroad, has she?

（2）聽對話，選答案

1.A.Go to the cinema.B.Watch TV. C.Go to a concert. 2.A.In a classroom B.In a hospital.C.In a clothes shop.3.A.To Beijing.B.To Tianjin.C.To Beijing and Tianjin. 4.A.Dumplings.B.Bread and milk.C.Bread only.5.A.7:45 B.8:15. C.7:30.6.A.He was ill in bed all day.B.He had toothache yesterday. C.He was hurt in a traffic accident.

7.A.By bus.B.By car.C.By taxi. 8.A.Eight.B.Nine.C.Five.

9.A.Your sister.B.The man’s sister.C.Alice’s sister. 10.A.Emily is not in.B.The man has got a wrong number.C.She knows Emily very well. 聽力材料：

1.M: What do you want to do tonight, Jenny? W: I want to go to the cinema.What about you, Jim? M: Just watch TV at home.Q: What is Jim going to do tonight? 2.M: This shirt is too expensive.Do you have a cheaper one? W: How about this one? It’s only five dollars.M: But I don’t like the colour.Q: Where are the two speakers? 3.M: I want to take a business trip tomorrow.W: How long will you be away, Dad? M: Five or six days.W: And where are you going? M: To Beijing first, and then to Tianjin.Q: Where’s the girl’s father going? 4.M: What do you usually eat for breakfast? W: I used to eat dumplings, but now I’m used to eating bread and milk.Q: What does the lady now eat for breakfast? 5.M: It’s a quarter to eight.Let’s hurry.W: Well, your watch is 15 minutes fast.My watch is only half past seven.Q: What time is it by the girl’s watch?

6.M: Why didn’t Peter come to school yesterday, do you know, Alice? W: It is said he got the flu and stayed in bed all day.Q: What was the matter with Peter yesterday? 7.M: Excuse me, where is the nearest hospital? W: It’s far from here.You can catch the No.8 bus.But there is no bus now.You’d better take a taxi.Question: How will the man go there? 8.M: Did you speak at the meeting? W: Yes, I was the third one.Then five other people spoke after me.Question: How many people made their speeches? 9.M: What’s your sister’s name, Alice? W: Her name is Betty.Question: Who is Betty? 10.M: May I speak to Emily? W: Emily? Oh, no.There is nobody named Emily here.Question: What does the woman mean?

（3）聽短文，選答案 I 1.What did the man have to do in the morning? A.He fed the chickens.B.He cleaned the bath-room.C.He carried water for the family.2.Why did the man go to school on foot? A.No bus ran in the direction.B.The school was near.C.His family was poor.3.What did the man do every Sunday? A.He was taken to church three times.B.He stayed at home all day.C.He played in the street.4.What can we learn from what the speaker said? A.He is a retired teacher of history.B.He thinks children were happier in the past.C.He lives on a farm far away from cities.聽力材料：

Now, you want to know about life in the past, right? I can tell you.When I was a boy, things were different.I had to get up at six every morning.That was not very bad in summer, but in winter it was cold.And we didn't have any hot water in the house.We had to wash in cold water.We didn't have a bath-room.My dad had some chickens.I had to feed them every morning and then I had to walk to school with my little sister.It was two miles to school and two miles back in the evening.And we had to go to bed at seven o'clock every night.We couldn't watch TV because there wasn't any.On Sundays we had to go to church three times-morning, afternoon and evening.And we couldn't play outside on Sundays.But it wasn't too bad.We had some good times.We could go out and our parents didn't have to worry about us.There weren't so many cars on the roads then, so the streets were safe to play in.And there were not many robbers and thieves in those days.We had to work hard and we weren't able to buy all those things in the shops today.Life was hard, but it was simple and people were happier.II 1.A.Three.B.Four.C.Five. 2.A.Because of the food.B.Because of their homework.C.Because of watching TV too long.

3.A.Surf the Internet.B.Paint pictures.C.Play games. 4.A.Boring.B.Colourful.C.Amazing.

5.A.Watching TV less.B.Watching TV more.C.Stopping watching TV 聽力材料：

Are you a TV lover? Can you think of your life without TV? Many people think if you turn off your TV, your life will be colourful.They also suggest children should watch less TV.TV can give children big problems.First, it’s bad for your studies, you spend too long on TV, you can’t do well in school.Second, it’s bad for your health, because you watch too long on TV, you can’t do well in school.Second, it’s bad for your health, because you watch too much TV, you’re getting overweight.Your eyesight is getting worse.Third, it’s bad for your family life.While your families are watching TV, they don’t talk too much.Also it has too much fighting.Some children always follow the fighting in real life.If you turn off your TV for a week, maybe you can find something fun to do.Maybe you can read books, learn to swim or paint pictures.What do you think? Would you want to have a try? Questions: 16.How many TV problems are there in the passage? 17.Why are more children getting fatter? 18.What other things can we do according to the passage? 19.What will our lives be like without TV? 20.How can you make your life more interesting? 【練習(xí)答案】

(1)1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.A(2)1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.B(3)I.1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B II.1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A

第二篇：2008江蘇中考講座(10)定語從句

2008江蘇中考語法講座（10）定語從句 的考點集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練

【考點掃描】

中考對定語從句的考查主要集中在以下幾個方面：

1、定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)

2、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用

3、各個關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法

考查的主要形式是單項填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也要用到定語從句。【名師精講】

一.定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如： This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party? I still remember the night when I first came to the village? This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用

關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)定于從句，在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯(lián)系起來。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分。關(guān)系待客做主語，賓語，定語，關(guān)系副詞可作狀語。1.作主語：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例如：

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2.作賓語：

She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.3.作定語

關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。例如：

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor? The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4.作狀語

I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.This is the house where I was born.三.各個關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法 1.who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。例如： The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2.whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。例如：

Do you know the young man(whom)we met at the gate？ Mr.Lee(whom)you want to see has come.3.whose 指人，在定語從句中作定語。例如： The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4.which指物，在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如： A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book(which)the teacher mentioned yesterday.5.that多指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如： I’ve read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6.when 指時間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7.where 指地點，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：

This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.四.關(guān)系代詞 whom，which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，如：

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.五.具體使用時還要注意下列問題： 1.只能使用that,不用which 的情況：

(1)先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時。例如：

All that he said is true.(2)先行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時。例如：

He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.(3)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如： He was the second(person)that told me the secret.(4)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞。This is the best book(that)I have read this year.(5)先行詞既包括人又包括物時。例如：

He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2.只能用which，不用that 的情況：(1)在非限制性定語從中。例如：

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2)定語從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，先行詞是物時。例如： The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.【中考范例】

1.(2004年哈爾濱中考試題)---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?---Yes, he does.A.which B.whose C.where D.who 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因為先行詞是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。2.(2004年常州市中考試題)The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.A.who B.where C.what D.that 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因為先行詞是物，而關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語，所以只有that合適。3.(2004年揚州市中考試題)---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?---He has gone back to Qinghua University.A.whom B.who C.whose D.which 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因為先行詞是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。4.(2004年益陽市中考試題)I hate people _______ talk much but do little.A.whose B.whom C.which D.who 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因為先行詞是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適?！緷M分演練】 一.單項填空

1.---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?---Oh!It’s Mr.Baker, our maths teacher.A.he B.that C.whom D.which 2.I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.A.who B.which C.they D.where 3.The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.A.which B.when C.who D.whom 4.George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.A.who B.whom C.he D.which 5.This is the place _____I have ever visited.A.there B.when C.where D.which 6.Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.A.that B.which C.why D.when 7.The moon is a world ______ there is no life.A.that B.which C.where D.why 8.He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.A.when B.where C.that D.which 9.He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.A.when B.where C.that D.on which 10.Mr.White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A.who B.that C.whose D.which 11.He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.A.that B.which C.when D.where 12.This is the house _______ I want to buy.A.in which B.that C.whose D.where 13.This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.A.which B.that C.when D.where 14.He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.A.that B.which C.when D.where 15.He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.A.that B.which C.where D.when 二.用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對句子連成一個復(fù)合句 1.The boy is my younger brother.He was here a minute ago.2.The old man is a professor.He teaches chemistry in a college.3.Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square.The foreign visitors live there.4.The woman is here now.You were talking about her.5.This is the hall.We listened to the report in it the other day.6.The car was going 90 miles an hour.The car just passed us.7.The man waved to us.The man was my uncle.8.I enjoyed reading the book.You gave me a book last week.9.I prefer the subject.The subject is science.10.I spoke to the man.The man is a professor.三.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空 1.The house _______ we live in is very big.2.The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3.This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.4.The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.5.He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.6.There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.7.She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.8.We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.9.Is this the place _______ your father once lived? 10.I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.【練習(xí)答案】 一.1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B 二.1.The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.2.The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is a professor.3.Beijing Hotel where the foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square.4.The woman whom you were talking about is here now.5.This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.6.The car which just passed us was going 90 miles an hour.7.The man who waved us was my uncle.8.I enjoyed reading the book you gave me last week.9.The subject I prefer is science.10.The man I spoke to is a professor.三.1.that/ which 2.who/ that 3.that/ which 4.who/ that 5.that 6.that 7.which 8.which/ that 9.where 10.when

第三篇：2008江蘇中考講座(11)主謂一致

2008江蘇中考語法講座（11）主謂一致的

考點集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練

【考點直擊】 1.語法一致的原則 2.意義一致的原則 3.鄰近一致的原則 【名師點睛】

謂語受主語支配，須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則和就近一致原則。1.語法一致的原則

（1）以單數(shù)名詞或代詞，動詞不定式短語作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù);主語為復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：

He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.To work hard is necessary for a student.（2）由and或both??and連接的并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： Both he and I are right.Mr.Black and Mrs.Black have a son called Tom.但并列主語如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如： His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.（3）由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each, every修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：

In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Each man and each woman is asked to help.（4）主語是單數(shù)時，盡管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介詞短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。例如：

The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class.Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.（5）一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主語時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

A lot of people are dancing outside.The police are looking for lost boy.（6）由each, some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時，謂語動詞都用單數(shù)。例如：

Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone.（7）有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.Your trousers are dirty.You’d better change them.如果這類名詞前用了a pair of等，則往往用作單數(shù)，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： Here are some new pairs of shoes.My new pair of socks is on the bed.2.意義一致的原則

（1）表時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。例如： Twenty years is not a long time.Ten dollars is too dear.（2）有些集合名詞，如family, team等作主語時，如作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如指其中每個成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： My family is big one.My family are watching TV.（3）不定代詞由all, most, more, some, any, none作主語時，也要依這些代詞表示的意義來決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如： All of the work has been finished.All of the people have gone.（4）疑問代詞作主語時，其謂語動詞也有兩種情況：主語表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如： Who is your brother? Who are League members?（5）“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的詞組作主語時，其謂語動詞要以of后面的名詞而定。名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)：名詞是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如： It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.Three –fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.（6）half, the rest等表示不定數(shù)量的名詞作主語時，如果所指為復(fù)數(shù)意義，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果所指為單數(shù)意義，動詞用單數(shù)。例如：

I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.（7）由what 引導(dǎo)地主于從句作主語時，通常謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。但如果所指內(nèi)容為復(fù)數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： What she said is correct.What she left me are a few old books.（8）凡是以“定冠詞+形容詞（或分詞）”作主語，往往根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果這種主語指的是一類人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果指的是一個人或抽象概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：

The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.The dead is a famous person.3.鄰近一致的原則

（1）由連詞or, either??or, neither??nor, not only?but also,等連接的并列主語，如果一個是單數(shù)，一個是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動詞按就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語一致。例如：

Either you or I am right.Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.（2）在“There be” 句型中,謂語動詞和靠近的主語一致。

There are two apples and one egg in it.（3）as well as 和名詞連用時,謂語動詞和第一個名詞相一致。

He as well as I is responsible for it.不但是我，他對這件事也有責(zé)任。

（4）以here開頭的句子，其謂語動詞和靠近的主語一致。Here is a letter and some books for you.【實例解析】

1.(2004年天津市中考試題)How time flies!Ten years ________ passed.A.have B.has C.is D.are 答案：B。該題考查的是主謂一致。Ten years通常被看作是一個時間整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

2.(2004年南通市中考試題)Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace.They haven’t been back.A.have been B.have gone C.has been D.has gone 答案：D。該題考查的是主謂一致。如果由not only?but also連接兩個并列主語，其謂語動詞同相鄰的主語保持一致，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。又因為他們還都沒有回來，所以用has gone而不用has been。3.(2004年吉林市中考試題)Neither my father ________ going to see the patient.A.nor I am B.nor I are C.or me are D.or me is 答案：A。該題考查的是主謂一致。Neither?nor是一組連詞，可連接連個并列主語，其謂語動詞應(yīng)同靠近的主語I保持一致, 因此應(yīng)選A。4.(2004年包頭市中考試題)Look!There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square.A.are a number of deer B.are a number of deers C.is a number of deer D.is a number of deers 答案：A。該題考查的是主謂一致。這個句子的主語是a number of deer, 是個復(fù)數(shù)概念，因此謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。（deer單復(fù)數(shù)相同）【中考演練】 一.選擇填空

1.They said the eighteenth and last lesson _______ quite easy.A.is B.was C.are D.were 2.---When are you going to Kunming for your holidays?---I haven’t decided.______ this Sunday ______ next Sunday is OK.A.Both;and B.Either;or C.Neither;nor D.Not only;but also 3.______ Helen ______ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China.A.Neither;nor B.Not only;but also C.Both;and D.A and B 4._______ of them has his own opinion.A.Both B.Some C.Every D.Each 5.Are there any _______ on the farm? A.horse B.duck C.chicken D.sheep 6.My shirt _____ white and my trousers _____ blue.A.are;are B.are;is C.is;is D.is;are 7.------Two months _______ quite a long time.------Yes.I’m afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.A.is B.are C.was D.were 8.The old man has two children but _____ of them lives with him.A.both B.none C.neither D.all 9.Our knowledge of computer _____ growing all the time.A.be B.is C.are D.were 10.Everyone except Tom and John _____ there when the meeting began.A.is B.was C.are D.were 11.Most of the houses _______ this year.A.has built B.have built C.has been built D.have been built 12.I think maths _____ very difficult to learn.A.is B.are C.has D.have 13.A large number of students _____ to work in Xinjiang.A.have gone B.has gone C.goes D.is going 14.The number of the students in the class ______ small.A.are B.is C.have D.were 15.There _____ a lot of good news in today’s newspaper.A.is B.are C.was D.were 二.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1._____(be)everything OK? 2.Nobody _______(know)the answer to the question.3.Ten divided by two _______(be)five.4.Most of the drinking water ______(be)from the Black River.5.Not only she but also I _______(do)morning exercises every day.6.Either you or she _____(have)made a wrong decision.7.The family _____(be)spending the weekend together.8.Bread and butter ______(be)her daily breakfast.9.The police _____(be)trying to catch the thief.10.The number of people invited _____ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.三.翻譯下列句子

1.我們兩個人都沒有看這部電影。___________________________.2.我的茶杯里沒有水了。___________________________.3.不是他就是我要到哪兒去。___________________________.4.學(xué)生們和老師都不知道這件事。___________________________.5.我們家正在一起度周末。___________________________.【練習(xí)答案】

一.1.B 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.A 二.1.Is 2.knows 3.is 4.is 5.do 6.has 7.are 8.is 9.are 10.was;were 三.1.Neither of us has seen the film.2.There is no water in my cup.3.Either he or I is going there.4.Neither the students nor the teacher knows this matter.5.Our family are spending the weekend together.

第四篇：2008江蘇中考講座(19)補(bǔ)全對話

2008江蘇中考講座（19）補(bǔ)全對話考點集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練

【考點掃描】

補(bǔ)全對話是以書面形式考查考生英語口頭交際能力和邏輯思維能力的一種題型。該題給考生三段對話，每段對話挖去3-4個句子，讓考生把挖去的句子補(bǔ)全?？疾辄c主要是： 1.情景會話能力； 2.邏輯思維能力； 【名師解難】

補(bǔ)全對話命題的范圍集中在初中階段學(xué)習(xí)過的30個交際項目。因此牢固掌握著30個交際項目所包括的各種句型，習(xí)慣用語是至關(guān)重要的。除此而外，我們還要做到下面幾點： 1.通讀對話全文，摸清對話發(fā)生的地點、時間，人物的身份，對話的內(nèi)容。2.理清上下句的邏輯關(guān)系，使你填入的話和整篇對話文理通順，融為一體； 3.符合說英語國家人的習(xí)慣，不要按中國人的習(xí)慣去應(yīng)答。4.注意空白處的標(biāo)點。是問號就應(yīng)填問句；是句號，就應(yīng)填陳述句?！局锌挤独?/p>

請看2004年陜西省中考試題：

VI.補(bǔ)全對話（共10空，每空1.5分，計15分）

根據(jù)下面對話中的情景，在每空中填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z句，使對話恢復(fù)完整。(A)A: Good afternoon, John!B: 1______________, Li Wei.A: I hear you are going to Kunming for a winter holiday.B: Yes, I’ll go next week.A: 2____________________________? B: It’s neither too cold nor too hot.It’s warm there.A: 3____________________________________.B: Thank you.【解析】這段對話發(fā)生在John和Li Wei之間。Li Wei 向John問下午好，按照說英語國家人的習(xí)慣，John也應(yīng)該回答下午好，所以第1個空應(yīng)填：Good afternoon。第二個空的下一句是回答昆明地天氣情況，因此我們可以推斷，第2個空應(yīng)該是詢問昆明的天氣，應(yīng)填：What’s the weather like in Kunming? / How is the weather there? 從第3個空的答語Thank you，我們可以推斷對方一定是說了祝愿的話。所以這個空可以填：Have a good time./ Have a good journey./ I’m sure you will have a good time.(B)A: Hi, Peter!How are you today? B: 4__________________________________.And you? A: I’m OK.Are you free tomorrow? B: 5__________________________________? A: We’re going to the park.6____________________? B: Of course.I’d like to go with you.7___________________?

A: We are going to meet at the school gate at one o’clock.Please be there on time.B: OK.Thank you.【解析】這段對話寫的是兩個熟人見面互相問候并相約去公園的事。第4個空應(yīng)該是回答對方的問話How are you today?的答語，所以應(yīng)是：Fine,(I’m fine.)thank you.第5個空緊接問句Are you free tomorrow? 根據(jù)整個談話的內(nèi)容判斷：應(yīng)回答Yes, why?/ Yes, what’s up? 第6個空是個問句，因為句末是問號，其答語是：Of course.I’d like to go with you.由此我們判斷，對方是在邀請和他一起到公園去，因此，此空應(yīng)填：Would you like to go with us?/ Will you go with us? 第7個空又是一個問句，其答語是：We are going to meet at the school gate at one o’clock.Please be there on time.由此我們判斷對方問的是見面的時間和地點，所以應(yīng)填：When and where are we going to meet?/ When and where shall we meet?(C)A: Dad.I can’t find my socks.8__________________? B: Let me see.Are they white? A: Yes.9______________________? B: I saw them in our sitting-room just now.You may go and get them.A: Oh!Here they are!B: You should put your things away.A: 10____________________________________.【解析】這是父子（女）之間的一段談話。談話的內(nèi)容地找東西。第8個空是個問句，而且空前的句子是Dad.I can’t find my socks.由此，我們判斷：兒子（女兒）是想問父親見到?jīng)]有，英語應(yīng)該是：Have you seen them? 當(dāng)父親問他是不是白色的時候，他回答Yes.既然父親知道是白色的，那就肯定見到過，因此第9個空應(yīng)填兒子（女兒）的問話：你在什麼地方見到的？英語就是：Where did you see them?/ Where are they? 第10個空的前面一句是父親教訓(xùn)他的話，那末緊接著他應(yīng)該表示接受。英語就是：Yes, I will./ OK, I will./ OK, I won’t do that again.【滿分演練】

(1)A: Hi, Bill!You’re reading the novel again.B: Yes, Tom.I’ll never be tired of it.A: 1____________________________________?

B: Three times.Every time I read it, I can always learn something new.A: Really? 2__________________________________________________? B: Charles Dickens.I think he is a great English writer.What about you? A: 3__________________________________________.He is also my favorite foreign writer.Please let me have a look at it.

B: OK, here you are!What do you think of this novel? A: 4__________________________________.I haven’t seen such a novel for long.Where did you buy it? B: In the Rose Bookshop.A: I don’t know where it is.5______________________________________? B: No.Only 10 minutes walk from here, next to the People’s Cinema.A: Oh, I see.I’m going there to get one, too.Thank you!B: You’re welcome!

(2)(Li Meng and John have just finished swimming.)Li Meng: How nice and cool the water is!But I’m feeling a bit hungry now.1______________________________________________ ? John: Sounds good.Li Meng: Do you know 2_____________________________ ? John: Yes, there is.Li Meng: 3____________________________________________？ John: It’s only five minutes’ walk.Let’s go.Li Meng: Yeah, let’s go.Oh, I almost forgot my CD player.John: 4______________________________________________ ? Li Meng: Pop music.I often listen when I’m not busy.How about you? John: Light music.I think it can relax myself.5________________________? Li Meng: Sure.John: OK.I can lend you some CDs.I’ll bring them to our school tomorrow.(3)Paul: 1____________________________________________? Fred: No, I don’t.But I have to cook this evening.Paul: 2____________________________________________? Fred: Because my mother is going out on business.I’ll have to cook myself.Paul: 3_____________________________________________? Fred: My mother does.She can cook very well.Paul: Can your father cook? Fred: No, he can’t.Paul: 4______________________________________________? Fred: I’ll cook Italian noodles.Paul: 5______________________________________________!Fred: Thank you.(4)Mrs.Lee: Hello.68178502.David: Hello.1_______________________________? Mrs.Lee: Sorry.2_______________________.Can I take a message?

David: Yes.This is David, Bruce’s friend.I want to ask him for some Chinese ancient coins.He told me he had got some recently.3__________________________________.I don’t care if they were made of different metals.I just want to add some more coins in my collection.Mrs.Lee: OK.I’ll tell him.Would you like him to ring you back later? David: Well, I won’t be at home later this day.Would you please ask him to ring me tomorrow morning? Mrs.Lee: Sure.4______________________________? David: Oh, sorry.5___________________________________.The new number is 66129853.Mrs.Lee: OK.I’ll write a message for him.David: It’s really nice of you, Madam.Thank you very much.Goodbye!Mrs.Lee: Bye!(5)A: Excuse me, I want to go to the library.1__________________________ ? B: Go down this street and turn right at the second crossing.Go up the road to the end, you’ll find it.A: 2______________________________? B: It’s about 1,000 metres away from here.A: Oh.That’s quite a long way.B: Yes.You’d better take a bus.A: 3__________________________________? B: You can take the No.5 bus.It’ll take you there.A: 4__________________________________? B: It takes about fifteen minutes.A: 5_________________________________.B: It’s a pleasure.(6)Kate: Hello!1______________________? Mrs.Read: I’m sorry Ann isn’t here right now.2____________________________? Kate: This is Kate.Mrs.Read: She isn’t back yet.3_______________________________________? Kate: That’s very kind of you.I’m calling to ask her if she is free tomorrow.It’s March 12th, Tree Planting Day tomorrow.And 4___________________.Mrs.Read: I think she’ll be very glad to join you.Kate: We’ll meet at the school gate at 7:00.5_________________________.Mrs.Read: OK.I’ll let her know.Kate: Many thanks.Goodbye.Mrs.Read: Goodbye.(7)A：Good afternoon.What can I do for you? B：I’d like to buy a washing machine.

A：Well，1___________________________________.Some are made in China，and some are made in other countries.

B：This one looks very nice.2____________________________? A：In Germany.

B：3______________________________________? A：Sure.You put the clothes in the machine，close the door and press this button.

B：It’s easy.How much is it? A：4,000 yuan.

B：Wow, that’s too expensive!4 _____________________. Do you have a cheaper one? A：How about this one?

B：Oh，this one looks very good.And the price is OK.5___________________________________.(8)(Two friends meet each other after May Day.) A：Nice to see you.

B：1__________________________________________.A：How did you spend May Day?

B：2__________________________________________. A：Did you go to any other places? B：No.What about you?

A: 3________________________________________________ I felt a bit sick then. B：Oh, what a pity!【練習(xí)答案】

(1)1.How many times have you read it? 2.Who wrote it?/ Who is the writer? 3.So do I./ Me, too.4.It’s exciting / wonderful / great.5.Is it far from here?(2)1.Shall we have something to eat?/ Let’s have something to eat, shall we?/ How about having something to eat? 2.if / whether there is a restaurant near here? 3.How far is it from here? 4.What kind music do you like? 5.Would you like to try?(3)1.Do you like cooking? 2.Why do you have to cook this evening? 3.Who cooks every day in your family? 4.What will cook this evening? 5.Enjoy your noodles!(4)1.Could I speak to Bruce, please? 2.He’s not in at the moment.3.I’m not sure he would give me one or two.4.Has he got your telephone number? 5.My telephone number has changed.(5)1.Where is it? / How can I get to it? 2.How far is it(from here)? 3.Which bus should I take? 4.How long does it take me to get there? 5.Thank you very much.(6)1.May I speak to Ann, please? 2.Who’s that(speaking)? 3.Can I take a message? 4.we are going to plant trees.5.Please tell her to be there on time.(7)1.We have(There are)many different kinds of washing machines here.2.Where is it made? 3.Can you show me how to use it？ 4.I can’t afford it.5.I’ll take it.(8)1.Nice to see you, too.2.I went to …

3.I stayed at home all the time.

第五篇：中考聽力常用詞

中考聽力常用詞

1、安樂窩∶安逸的生活環(huán)境或小巧、溫暖、舒適的處所或房間

2、白骨精：常用來比喻陰險毒辣的壞人。

3、白日夢：比喻根本不能實現(xiàn)的幻想。

4、半邊天：比喻新社會婦女的巨大力量能頂半邊天，也用來指新社會的婦女。

5、絆腳石：絆腳的石頭,比喻阻礙前進(jìn)的東西

6、保護(hù)傘：比喻可以起保護(hù)作用的有威懾性的力量或有權(quán)勢的人。

7、抱佛腳：原來比喻平時沒有聯(lián)系，臨時慌忙懇求，后來多指平時沒有準(zhǔn)備，臨時慌忙應(yīng)付。

8、背黑鍋：比喻代人受過,泛指受冤屈

10、變色龍：比喻看風(fēng)轉(zhuǎn)舵的政治投機(jī)分子。

12、炒魷魚：魷魚一炒就卷起來，像是卷鋪蓋，比喻解雇。

13、吃醋：產(chǎn)生嫉妒情緒（多指男女關(guān)系上的）。

14、吃小灶：比喻受特殊的照顧。

15、吃鴨蛋：比喻在考試或競賽中得零分。

16、穿小鞋：比喻受到別人利用職權(quán)暗中給予的刁難、報復(fù)或施加的約束、限制。

17、單相思：指男女間僅一方對另一方愛幕。

18、打游擊：比喻從事沒有地點的工作或活動。

19、點鬼火：比喻鼓動別人做壞事。

20、吊胃口：用好吃的東西引起人的食欲，也比喻讓人產(chǎn)生欲望和興趣。

21、頂梁柱：比喻起主要作用的骨干力量。

22、定心丸：能使人情緒穩(wěn)定的東西。

23、東道主：原指東路上的主人,后稱請客的人。

24、對臺戲：兩個戲班為了互相競爭，同時演出的同樣的戲。比喻雙方競爭的同類工作或事情。

25、惡作?。鹤脚Ｐ?，使人難堪。

26、耳旁風(fēng)：耳邊吹過的風(fēng)，比喻聽過后不放在心上的話（多指勸告、囑咐）。

27、放空炮：比喻說空話，說了不能兌現(xiàn)。

28、放冷箭：比喻暗中害人。

29、鬼把戲：陰險的手段或政策。

30、鬼門關(guān)：迷信傳說中的陰陽交界的關(guān)口，比喻兇險的地方。

31、過河卒：比喻不怕犧牲和挫折，勇于拼搏，決不后退的人。

32、黑名單：反動統(tǒng)治者或反革命集團(tuán)為進(jìn)行政治迫害而開列的革命者和進(jìn)步人士的名單。

33、紅眼?。毫w慕別人有名或有利而心懷忌妒的毛病。

34、鴻門宴：喻指加害客人的宴會。

35、護(hù)身符：比喻保護(hù)自己、借以避免困難或懲罰的人或事物。

36、回馬槍：回過頭來給追擊者的突然襲擊。

37、急先鋒：比喻在行動上積極帶頭的人。

38、緊箍咒：比喻束縛人的東西。

39、開綠燈：比喻準(zhǔn)許做某事。

40、開門紅：比喻在一年開始或一項工作開始時就獲得顯著的成績。

41、開小差：原指軍人私自脫離隊伍逃跑，后比喻思想不集中。

42、口頭禪：經(jīng)常掛在口頭的詞句。

43、扣帽子：對人或事不經(jīng)過調(diào)查研究，就加上現(xiàn)成的的不好的名目。

44、撈稻草：比喻在絕境中作徒勞無益的掙扎。

45、老大難：形容問題錯綜復(fù)雜。

46、老掉牙：形容事物言論等陳舊過時。

47、老狐貍：比喻非常狡猾的人。

48、老皇歷：比喻陳舊過時的規(guī)矩。

49、露馬腳：比喻隱蔽的事實真相泄露出來。50、亂彈琴：比喻胡鬧或瞎扯。

51、馬大哈：“馬馬虎虎、大大咧咧、嘻嘻哈哈”的縮略語，指粗心大意的人。

52、馬蜂窩：比喻難于對付的人或能引起麻煩和糾紛的事。

53、馬后炮：象棋術(shù)語，比喻不及時的舉動。

54、馬前卒：舊指在車前頭供奔走役使的人，現(xiàn)用來比喻為別人效力的人（多含貶義）。

55、門外漢：外行人。

56、迷魂陣：比喻使人迷惑而上當(dāng)?shù)娜μ?、計謀。

57、磨洋工：工作時拖延時間，也泛指工作懶散拖沓。

58、牛角尖：比喻無法解決的問題或不值得研究的小問題。

59、牛鼻子：比喻事物的主要矛盾或影響全局的關(guān)鍵。60、弄潮兒：比喻敢于在風(fēng)險中拼搏的人。61、拍馬屁：向人諂媚奉承。

62、跑龍?zhí)祝簯蚯谜Z,即扮演隨從或兵卒等不重要的角色。現(xiàn)在常用來比喻在人手下打雜。63、碰釘子：比喻遭到阻力或遭到拒絕,目的沒有達(dá)到,還受到難堪。64、破天荒：比喻事情第一次出現(xiàn)。

65、千里馬：原指善跑的駿馬,可以日行千里。現(xiàn)在常用來比喻人才。66、墻頭草：比喻無主見的人、順風(fēng)倒的人。67、敲邊鼓：比喻從旁幫腔，從旁助勢。68、敲門磚：比喻借以求得名利的初步手段。

69、敲竹杠：利用別人的弱點或借某種口實抬高價格或索取財物。70、肉中刺：比喻最痛恨而急于除掉的人(常跟“眼中釘”連用)。

71、孺子牛：兒童游戲時牽著走的由大人扮成的牛，比喻甘愿為人民大眾服務(wù)的人。72、三不管：指幾方面都不管，沒人管。73、三寸舌：指能言善辯的口才。74、勢利眼：作風(fēng)勢利的人。7

5、試金石：比喻可*的考驗人的方法，也指對事物的可*的檢驗方法和依據(jù)。76、守財奴：有錢而吝嗇的人

。77、耍把戲：比喻施展詭詐手段。78、耍花招：賣弄小聰明，玩弄技巧。

79、耍貧嘴：比喻不管對方是否愿意聽而嘮叨地說。80、桃花運：指男子在愛情方面的運氣。

81、踢皮球：比喻互相推諉，把應(yīng)該解決的事情推給別人。82、鐵飯碗：比喻非常穩(wěn)固的職業(yè)、職位。83、鐵公雞：比喻一毛不拔非常吝嗇的人。

84、萬金油：比喻什么都不精通，但什么都懂一點，什么都能應(yīng)付一氣的人。85、窩里斗：家族或團(tuán)體內(nèi)部彼此鉤心斗角。86、烏紗帽：古代官吏戴的一種帽子，比喻官位。

87、下馬威：原來指新官到任時故意向下屬顯示威風(fēng)，泛指一開始就向?qū)Ψ斤@示的威力。

88、小算盤：比喻為個人或局部利益的打算。89、笑面虎：比喻外貌裝得善良而心地兇狠的人。90、搖錢樹：比喻借以獲取錢財?shù)娜嘶蛭铩?/p>

91、一刀切：比喻不顧實際情況，用同一方式處理問題。

92、一鍋端：比喻全部消滅或盡其所有。93、一鍋粥：形容混亂的現(xiàn)象。94、一盤棋：比喻整體或全局。

95、一窩蜂：形容許多人亂哄哄地同時說話或行動。

96、一言堂：舊時商店掛的扁額，表示不二價；現(xiàn)多指領(lǐng)導(dǎo)缺乏民主作風(fēng)，不能聽取群眾的意見，特別不能聽相反的意見，跟“群言堂”相對。97、應(yīng)聲蟲：比喻隨聲附和的人。

98、魚水情：形容極其親密的情誼，就像魚和水不能分離一樣。99、砸飯碗：比喻失業(yè)。

照妖鏡：舊小說中所說的一種寶鏡，能照出妖魔原形?，F(xiàn)也用于比喻。101 芝麻官：指職位低、權(quán)力小的官（含譏諷義）。

執(zhí)牛耳：古代諸侯訂立盟約，要每人嘗一滴牲血，主盟的人親手割牛耳取血，故用“執(zhí)牛耳”指盟主。后來指在某一方面居領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。103 紙老虎：比喻外表強(qiáng)大兇狠而實際空虛無力的人或集團(tuán)。104 智多星：《水滸》中吳用的綽號，泛指計謀多的人。

中山狼：見馬中錫《中山狼傳》，比喻恩將仇報，沒有良心的人。

逐客令：秦始皇曾經(jīng)下令驅(qū)逐從各國來的客卿，后來稱趕走客人為下逐客令。107 主心骨：可依*的人或事物，也指主見、主意。

抓破臉：比喻感情破裂，公開爭吵。109 走鋼絲：比喻做有風(fēng)險的事。110 走過場：比喻敷衍了事。

走后門：比喻用托情、行賄等不正當(dāng)手段，通過內(nèi)部關(guān)系達(dá)到某種目的。112 座右銘：寫出來放在座位旁邊的格言。泛指激勵、警戒自己的格言。