第一篇:英語時態(tài)----現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
英語時態(tài)之現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示動作發(fā)生的時間是“現(xiàn)在”,動作目前的狀態(tài)是“正在進(jìn)行中”。所謂“正在進(jìn)行中”,是指在談到這件事的時候,這個動作還在進(jìn)行中。至于它是什么時候開始的,什么時候會停下來,不是我們關(guān)心的。所以“正在進(jìn)行時”的事件,可能發(fā)生幾年了,也可能只有幾分鐘。仍在進(jìn)行中這是“正在進(jìn)行時”的關(guān)鍵所在。它是一件持續(xù)進(jìn)行的事情。
定義
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在(說話的瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。所謂“正在進(jìn)行中”,是指在談到這件事的時候,這個動作還在進(jìn)行中。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成是:主語+be+v.ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式
第一人稱單數(shù)I+am+V-ing.第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)We+are+V-ing.第二人稱單(復(fù))數(shù) You+are+V-ing
第三人稱單數(shù) He(She,it)+is+V-ing
第三人稱復(fù)數(shù) They+are+V-ing
肯定句:主語+be(is/am/are)+現(xiàn)在分詞
否定句:主語+be(is/am/are)+not+現(xiàn)在分詞
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一般疑問句:be(is/am/are)+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+相應(yīng)be動詞+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+Sth?
間接引語中改為過去進(jìn)行時。
變化規(guī)則
1.直接+ ing(例:sleep+ing sleeping)
2.去掉不發(fā)音的e+ing(例:bite-e+ing biting)
3.重讀閉音節(jié),以輔音字母加元音字母加輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞,要雙寫尾字母再加ing(例:swim+m+ing=swimming)
4.以ie結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié),變ie為y+ing(例:die-dying lie-lying)
5結(jié)尾為c且c讀作/k/時,在結(jié)尾加k再加ing,如picnic-picnicking
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的基本用法:
A表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時)正在發(fā)生的事情。
例:We are waiting for you.B.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作,說話時未必正在進(jìn)行。
例:Mr.Green is writing another novel.(說話時并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)
例:She is learning piano under Mr.Smith.C.已經(jīng)確定或安排好的但不確定會不會發(fā)生的將來活動。
I'm leaving for a travel in Nepal next week.(我下周要去尼泊爾旅行)
We're flying to Paris tomorrow(我們明天乘飛機(jī)去巴黎)
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句型構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
助動詞be+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(ing形式)。
be的變化
在現(xiàn)在時中,be 要根據(jù)人稱代詞和名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)不同,而分別使用am/is/are,即:I am/he/she/it 包括單數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞用is,you/we/they 包括復(fù)數(shù)名詞用are.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
注意:be 動詞在現(xiàn)在時里算作“助動詞”,翻譯正在進(jìn)行時的時候,be不能解釋為“是”,否則不通順。它只是和現(xiàn)在分詞一起構(gòu)成“進(jìn)行時”。
動詞加ing的規(guī)則
現(xiàn)在分詞是在動詞后加上ing 構(gòu)成。如:starting,working, coming, sitting 等都是現(xiàn)在分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則是固定的,大家用心記一下就可以了。
(1)直接在謂語動詞后加ing.例如:going, starting, working,looking,playing.(2)去掉詞尾不發(fā)音的e,再加ing.例如 leaving,making,coming,writing.注意:如果單詞結(jié)尾的e發(fā)音,則不能去掉,也直接加ing.例如:see-seeing/agreelying/dietying/picnicrunning stopcutting controlputting 時間狀語
可用來表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的時間狀語,常用的有:now, this week, at this moment,right now 等;或者告訴你一個準(zhǔn)確的現(xiàn)在時間,或者用look, listen提醒聽者注意正在發(fā)生的事。例如:
They are playing basketball now.現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球。
Listen!She is singing an English song.聽,她正在唱英語歌。
Look at the picture.The children are flying kites in the park.看這幅圖。那些孩子正在公園放風(fēng)箏。
We are making model planes these days.這些天我們在做飛機(jī)模型。
It's 6:30 now.I am getting up.現(xiàn)在是6:30.我正在起床。
句型分析
1.一般疑問句是將be移到主語前面,句末加問號,讀升調(diào)。
be+主語+doing sth
Are they putting up the scaffolding? Yes, they are./ No, they aren't.Is he showing a foreign guest round the city? Yes, he is./ No, he isn't.2.否定句式是在be動詞后加not.主語+be+not+doing sth
I am not working.He isn't runnig or the track.The students aren't playing football.4 / 13
使用場合
1.當(dāng)句中出現(xiàn)的表示時間的詞是now, at the moment(此刻、現(xiàn)在)等時,表示句子要說明的是現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事,動詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。
Linda's brother is watching TV in his bedroom now.琳達(dá)的哥哥現(xiàn)在正在他的臥室里看電視。
We're far from home.What are our parents doing at the moment?
我們現(xiàn)在遠(yuǎn)離家,我們的父母此刻在干什么呢?
2.當(dāng)句中出現(xiàn)的時間狀語是these days, this week, this month等時,如果句子所要表達(dá)的意義是在這一階段正在發(fā)生的事,則動詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。
These days we are helping the farmers work on the farm.這些天我們在農(nóng)場幫農(nóng)民們干活。
They're having a test this week.這一周他們在進(jìn)行一次考試。
Mr Cheng is visiting our village this month.這個月程先生在我們村訪問。
3.在句中出現(xiàn)了Look, Listen, Can't you see? 等暗示詞時,說明后面謂語動詞的動作正在發(fā)生,該動詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。
Look!Maria and Tom are dancing under the tree.看!瑪麗亞和湯姆正在樹下跳舞。
Listen!Our English teacher is singing the popular English song.聽!我們英語老師正在唱那首流行的英文歌曲。
Many children are swimming in the river.Can't you see?
許多小孩在河里游泳,你難道看不見嗎?
4.注意根據(jù)上下文的暗示,句子的謂語動詞可能應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。
— Where is Mr Wang? 王先生在哪兒?
— Oh, he is reading a newspaper in the office.噢,他正在辦公室看報。
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(問句詢問王先生在哪兒,應(yīng)說明他現(xiàn)在在哪兒,故答句應(yīng)說明他現(xiàn)在正在做的事,用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。)
—Is that boy Jack?那個男孩是杰克嗎?
— No,Jack is doing his homework in the classroom.不是,杰克正在教室做作業(yè)呢。
(答句中說明的杰克做作業(yè)的情況應(yīng)發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。)
注意事項(xiàng)
1.在英語中,并不是所有的動詞都要使用正在進(jìn)行時。例如一些表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動詞,一般不用進(jìn)行時態(tài),而是用現(xiàn)在一般時表示。例如:
I hear someone singing.我正聽見有人唱歌。
Do you see anyone over there? 你看到那里有什么人嗎?
What does he think of it? 他覺得這怎么樣?
如果這些詞使用正在進(jìn)行時態(tài),句子帶有某種感情色彩。例如:
Are you seeing someone off? 你在給誰送行嗎?
They are hearing an English talk.他們在聽一個英語報告。
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時還有另外一種含義,即它們能表達(dá)即將發(fā)生的事情,相當(dāng)于一般將來時。能夠用來表示將來狀況的動詞有:arrive, come, do, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, return, see, spend, start, stay, wear, work等。
We are leaving on Friday。我們星期五出發(fā)。
Are you going anywhere tomorrow?你明天準(zhǔn)備去哪兒?
A foreign guest is giving a lecture this afternoon。今天下午一個外國客人將給我們作報告。
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Are you staying here till next week? 你打算在這里呆到下個星期嗎?
在表示將來的情況下,特別是be going to do sth.這種結(jié)構(gòu),已經(jīng)沒有多少“去”的意思了,幾乎就是用來表達(dá)“將要、打算”做什么事情。例如:
It is going to be rather cold tomorrow。明天很可能非常冷。
She is not going to speak at the meeting。她不打算在那個會上發(fā)言。
3.當(dāng)其與always、forever、continually、constantly 等副詞連用時表示重復(fù)的動作,而這種動作可能使人不滿,厭倦或滿意。例如:
①She is perpetually interfering in my affairs.她老是干預(yù)我的事。(不滿)
②The students are making progress constantly.學(xué)生們在不斷進(jìn)步。(滿意)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志有很多,如:listen,look,now,these days,Be quiet!/Don't talk等等。
特殊用法
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與短暫性動詞搭配使用時可表示將來的時態(tài)。例如:
The bus is coming.公交車來了。
Lily is leaving tonight, we would better send her off.莉莉今晚要走了,我們最好去送送她。
特殊情況
1.有些動詞從結(jié)構(gòu)來看是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,但卻是表示將要發(fā)生的事,而不表示動作現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行。這些動詞往往是一些表示位置移動變化的動詞,如:go , come , leave , fly , move, start, begin , arrive, , stay, return等。
Next month my family is moving to Beijing.7 / 13
下個月,我家就要搬到北京去了。(搬的動作并非現(xiàn)在發(fā)生,而將在下個月發(fā)生。)
My aunt is leaving for Shanghai at eleven o'clock tomorrow morning.明天早上十一點(diǎn)我嬸嬸將離開去上海。
2.并不是所有動詞都有進(jìn)行時,一些動詞一般在句中不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài),而應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。這些動詞往往是等表示情感狀態(tài)、知覺認(rèn)識、愿望或短暫性的動詞。例如:see(明白),know, want, like, hear, have(有), think, hope, hate等。
3.在時間、條件狀語從句中,有時可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時代替一般將來時。
When you are passing my way,please drop in.你什么時候路過我家,請進(jìn)來坐。
被動語態(tài)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時由主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)時應(yīng)注意以下一些問題:
1.也像其它時態(tài)由主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)一樣,首先弄清楚用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的句子中哪些可以由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。我們知道,在簡單句的五個基本句型中,有三個基本句型(S V O,S V o O,S V O C)可以由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài);有兩個基本句型(S V,S V P)不能由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。所以,當(dāng)這三個基本句型(S V O,S V InO DO,S V O OC)的謂語動詞用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時時才有可能由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。例如:
They are studying the milu deer at the research centre.(S V O)→ The milu deer are being studied at the research centre.She is teaching the boy a lesson.(S V InO DO)→ The boy is being taught a lesson.Now he is making the girl laugh.(S V O OC)→ Now the girl is being made to laugh.8 / 13
還應(yīng)注意到一些動詞很少用于被動語態(tài),因此這些動詞在句子謂語用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時時也常沒有被動語態(tài)。如:We are having supper now.一般不能變?yōu)镾upper is being had now.。
2.及物動詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時由主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)時有三種句式:①主語(第一人稱單數(shù)I)am being 過去分詞 其他成分;②主語(第二人稱單、復(fù)數(shù)you,第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)we和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)they等)are being 過去分詞 其他成分;③主語(第三人稱單數(shù) he,she,it等)is being 過去分詞 其他成分。所以,當(dāng)句子謂語動詞用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時由主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)時謂語動詞要由原來作賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時的名(代)詞的數(shù)來決定,從上面三種句式中選擇合適的一種句式。例如:
They are collecting money for the broadband project.→ Money is being collected for the broad-band project.They are not protecting some animals well enough.→ Some animals are not being protected well enough.3.當(dāng)變?yōu)橹髡Z的原來的賓語(名/代詞)有較長的動詞不定式短語(復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))、介詞短語、從句修飾或有補(bǔ)足語時,動詞不定式短語、介詞短語、從句和補(bǔ)足語等,一般都仍然保留在原來的位置上。例如:
They are revising the laws to protect the rights of women and children.→ The laws are being revised to protect the rights of women and children.They are writing a report about the negative effects of cell phones in school.→ A report is being written about the negative effects of cell phones in school.Scientists are keeping a sick milu deer alive at the centre.→ A sick milu deer is being kept alive at the centre(by scientists).4.如果用在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的句子中的謂語動詞是動詞短語或習(xí)慣用語,那么這個動詞短語或習(xí)語只把動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài),其他部分保持不變。例如:
The parents are taking good care of their test-tube baby.→
Their test-tube baby is being taken good care of(by the parents).5.當(dāng)用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是“S V In O DO”句型時,既可以把間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z,也可以把直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z,但如果是后者,可根
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據(jù)動詞的習(xí)慣用法,把間接賓語改寫為to或for引起的介詞短語。例如:
George is sending his friend's phone texts and pictures.His friend's phone is being sent texts and pictures(by George).Texts and pictures are being sent to his friend's phone(by George).She is making Toma new coat.Tom is being made a new coat.A new coat is being made for Tom.6.用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的句子由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后,原來充當(dāng)主語的名/代詞(特別是人稱代詞)在一般情況下可以省略掉,如果有必要強(qiáng)調(diào)時可用by表示,常放在句子后面。例如:
They are adding new functions to the phones.New functions are being added to the phones(by them).Scientists are studying the life of the milu deer at present.The life of the milu deer is being studied at present by scientists.7.當(dāng)用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的句子由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后,其否定式的構(gòu)成主要把not放在謂語動詞中第一個助動詞(am,are或is)后面構(gòu)成,而疑問式的構(gòu)成則是把句子謂語動詞的第一個助動詞(am,are或is)移到句子前(第一個字母要大寫),然后在句子后面加上問號而成。例如:
New nature parks are being started in China.New nature parks are not being started in China.(否定式)
Milu deer are being sent to China from Britain.Are milu deer being sent to China from Britain?(疑問式)
如果是特殊疑問句還要在這個助詞前面加上適當(dāng)疑問詞。例如:
Why is money being collected? 與一般現(xiàn)在時區(qū)別
一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性動作,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動作。例如:
He studies hard.他(經(jīng)常)努力學(xué)習(xí)。
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He is studying hard.他(此刻或現(xiàn)階段)正在努力學(xué)習(xí)。
一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示眼前看得見的動作。例如:
Boats pass under the bridge.船從橋下穿過。
The boat is passing under the bridge.船正從橋下穿過。
基本用法
(1)表示(說話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。
(2)也可表示當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。
(二)謂語構(gòu)成:be(am/ is/ are)+v-ing(動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞)
I’m watching TV now.They’re playing football.(三)現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成。
(1)一般情況下在動詞詞尾加ing。
go→going ask →asking look→looking
(2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞,去掉e加ing。
have →having take→taking make→making write→writing
(3)以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié),雙寫最后一個字母,再加-ing。
get→getting sit→sitting put→putting run→running
swim→swimming begin→beginning shop→shopping
(四)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)的肯定式、否定式、疑問式及簡略回答。
(1)肯定式:be+v-ing She is singing in the next room.(2)否定式:be+not+v-ing The students aren’t cleaning the room.(3)一般問句:be動詞提前。
肯定答語Yes,主語+be,否定答語No,主語+be not。
Are you playing the computer game? Yes, I am./No, I am not.(4)特殊問句:對謂語動詞進(jìn)行提問的:What+be +主語+doing+其他?
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What is the old man doing under the tree?
對其他成份進(jìn)行提問的,疑問詞+一般疑問句?
Where is the boy swimming?
Who is she waiting for?
三.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與一般現(xiàn)在時的區(qū)別
(一)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示動作的暫時性,而一般現(xiàn)在時表示動作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性
I am watching TV now.(暫時性)
I watch TV every day.(經(jīng)常性)
(二)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可表示短暫性動作,而一般現(xiàn)在時表示長久性動作。
Lucy is living in Beijing.(短時間居?。?/p>
Lucy lives in Beijing.(長久性居?。?/p>
(三)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示的動作可帶有感情色彩,而一般現(xiàn)在時所表述的動作通常是事實(shí)。
You’re always forgetting the most important things.(責(zé)備)
He is always helping others.(贊揚(yáng))
He often helps others.(事實(shí))
(四)有些動詞不能用進(jìn)行時,know, understand, love, like, hate, wish, want, think, hope, have, believe, agree, hear, see, notice,等等。這些動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示說話時發(fā)生的動作。
I have a lot of friends here.She wants to buy a new bike.12 / 13
其他用法
(1)當(dāng)句子中有now時,常表示動作正在進(jìn)行,這時要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。如:
They are playing basketball now.現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球。
(2)以look, listen開頭的句子,提示我們動作正進(jìn)行,這時要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。如:
Listen!She is singing an English song.聽,她正在唱英語歌。
(3)表示當(dāng)前一段時間或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作,且此時有this week, these days等時間狀語,這時常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。如:
We are making model planes these days.這些天我們在做飛機(jī)模型。
(4)描述圖片中的人物的動作,也為了表達(dá)更生動。此時也常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。如:
Look at the picture.The children are flying kites in the park.看這幅圖,那些孩子正在公園放風(fēng)箏。
/ 13
第二篇:初中時態(tài)全攻略一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的比較
【概念不同】
一般現(xiàn)在時:
一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常的、習(xí)慣性的動作或現(xiàn)在的特征、狀態(tài)。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示說話時(瞬間)正在進(jìn)行的動作或目前這一階段一直持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。
【構(gòu)成不同】
一般現(xiàn)在時:
一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成有以下幾種類型:
1.be動詞型:
be 在肯定句中的形式為:am, is 或are;在否定句中的形式為: am not, is not / isn't或are not / aren't;在一般疑問句中,am, is 或are要放在句子開頭,簡略答語為:Yes, 主語 + am / is / are.或No, 主語 + am not / isn't / aren't.例如:
—Are you a teacher? 你是一名教師嗎?
—Yes, I am./ No, I'm not.是的,我是。/ 不,我不是。
2.情態(tài)動詞型:
句子中的謂語動詞由“情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形”構(gòu)成。例如:
I can sing in English.我可以用英語唱歌。
3.祈使句型:
無論是肯定形式的祈使句,還是否定形式的祈使句,通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如:
Sit down, please.請坐。
Don't worry.別擔(dān)心。
4.實(shí)義(行為)動詞型: 在肯定句中,句子的謂語動詞是實(shí)義(行為)動詞的原形或第三人稱單數(shù)形式。例如:
He has something important to do.他有一些重要的事情要做。
在否定句中,句子的謂語動詞由“助動詞do / don't或does / doesn't + 動詞原形”構(gòu)成。例如:
He doesn't watch TV in the evening.他晚上不看電視。
在一般疑問句中,句子的謂語動詞仍由“助動詞do或does...+ 動詞原形”構(gòu)成。例如:
Does Jack leave home at seven? 杰克是7點(diǎn)離開家的嗎?
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時由“助動詞be(am, is / are)+ 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞” 構(gòu)成。例如:
They are listening to the radio now.他們正在聽廣播。
Are you writing a letter now? 你正在寫信嗎?
【時間狀語不同】
常與一般現(xiàn)在時連用的時間狀語有: sometimes, usually, never, always, often;every day / week / month / year /...;on Sunday(s)/ Monday(s)/...;at seven forty;in the morning / afternoon / evening;now;today等等。例如:
I write to my uncle every month.我每個月給叔叔寫一封信。
常與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時連用的時間狀語有:now, at the moment;另外,以Look, Listen 或 Don't...等開頭的祈使句常常會引出現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的句子。但是,有時也用一般現(xiàn)在時,要看是表示正在進(jìn)行的動作還是表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。如果表示正在進(jìn)行的動作就用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,如果表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)就用一般現(xiàn)在時。試比較:
Listen!Who is singing over there? 聽!誰在那里唱歌呢?(表示正在進(jìn)行的動作)
Look!Who is over there? 看!是誰在那里?(表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài))
Riddles(I)1.What is smaller than an insect's mouth? 2.What season is the most dangerous one? 3.What's too much for me,just right for two,but nothing at all for three? 4.On what day of a year do soldiers start wars in history? 5.How many feet are in a yard? 6.What person tries to make others smile most of the time? 7.From what number can one take half and leave nothing? 8.What has hands but no feet, a face but no eyes,tells but does not talk? 9.How many months have 28 days? 10.Which horses have six legs?
1.聽磁帶_______ 2.向老師請求幫助__________ 3.制作抽認(rèn)卡 _________4.觀看英語錄象__________5.朗讀 ___________6.練習(xí)語音_________ 7.說的技能_________8.太?而不能 ____________9.詢問有關(guān)? _________10.學(xué)英語的最好方法 ____________11.具體的建議___________ 12.觀看演員說話 __________13.發(fā)現(xiàn)看電影令人沮喪___________ 14.得到大量的寫作練習(xí)____________15.一點(diǎn)也不 ____________16.變得興奮 _________17.結(jié)束做?__________ 18.英語口語____________ 19.練習(xí)說英語________20.加入英語俱樂部 _____________21.嘲笑某人____________
1.in/on 在表示空間位置時,in表示在某個空間的范圍以內(nèi),on表示在某一個物體的表面之上。例如:
There is a bird in the tree.樹上有只鳥。There is a picture on the wall.墻上有張圖。
2.this/that/these/those(1)this常常用來指在時間、地點(diǎn)上更接近講話人的人和事,these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式。that常常用來指在時間、地點(diǎn)上離講話人更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)的人和事,those時that的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如: You look in this box and I’ll look in that one over there.你看看這個盒子,我去看那邊的那個盒子。
I want this car, not that car.我想要這輛小汽車,不是那一輛。Take these books to his room, please.請把這些書拿到他房間去。This is mine;that’s yours.這個是我的,那個是你的。
These are apples;those are oranges.這些是蘋果,那些是橘子。(2)在打電話的用語中,this常常指的是我,that常常指的是對方。例如: This is Mary speaking.Who’s that? 我是瑪麗。你是誰? 3.There be/ have There be “有”,其確切含意為“某處或某時存在某人或某物。”其結(jié)構(gòu)是:There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地點(diǎn)或時間的狀語。There be 后面的名詞實(shí)際上是主語,be 動詞的形式要和主語在數(shù)上保持一致,be動詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時用is,名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時用are。例如:
(1)There is a big bottle of coke on the table.桌上有一大瓶子可樂。(2)There is a doll in the box.那個盒子里有個娃娃。
(3)There are many apples on the tree.那樹上有許多蘋果。總之,There be結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的“有”。have表示“擁有,占有,具有”,即:某人有某物(sb.have / has sth.)。主語一般是名詞或代詞,與主語是所屬關(guān)系。例如:(4)I have two brothers and one sister.我有兩個兄弟,一個姐姐。(5)That house has four rooms.那所房子有四個房間。4.look/ see/ watch(1)look 表示“看、瞧”,著重指認(rèn)真看,強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作,表示有意識地注意看,但不一定看到,以提醒對方注意。,如:
Look!The children are playing computer games.瞧!孩子們在玩電腦游戲。Look!What’s that over there? 看!那邊那個是什么?
單獨(dú)使用是不及物動詞,如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物,其后接介詞at,才能帶賓語,如: He’s looking at me。他正在看著我。
(2)see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果,著重的是look這個動作的結(jié)果,意思是“看到”,see是及物動詞,后面能直接跟賓語。如:
What can you see in the picture? 你能在圖上看到什么?
Look at the blackboard.What did you see on it?看黑板!你看到了什么?(3)watch“觀看,注視”,側(cè)重于場面,表示全神貫注地觀看、觀察或注視某事務(wù)的活動,強(qiáng)調(diào)過程,常用于“看電視、看足球、看演出”等。如:
Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我們從電視上看了一場足球比賽。4.put on/ / in put on意為“穿上,戴上”。主要指“穿上”這一動作, 后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。in是介詞,表示“穿著”強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語、標(biāo)語和狀語。如: It’s cold outside, put on your coat.外面冷,穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out.他戴上帽子,走了出去。
The woman in a white blouse is John’s mother.穿白色襯衣的那個婦女是John的媽媽。5.house/ home/family house :“房子”,指居住的建筑物;Home家”,指一個人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住的地方;Family家庭“,“家庭成員”。例如:: “: “
Please come to my house this afternoon.今天下午請到我家來。He is not at home.他不在家。
My family all get up early.我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭?.fine, nice, good, well 四者都可用作形容詞表示“好”之意,但前三者既可作表語又可作定語,而后者僅用作表語。主要區(qū)別在于:
(1)fine指物時表示的是質(zhì)量上的“精細(xì)”,形容人時表示的是“身體健康”,也 可以用來指“天氣晴朗”。例如:
Your parents are very fine.你父母身體很健康。That's a fine machine.那是一臺很好的機(jī)器。
It's a fine day for a walk today.今天是散步的好時候。
(2)nice主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表,有“美好”,“漂亮”的意思,也可用于問候或贊揚(yáng)別人。例如:
Lucy looks nice.露西看上去很漂亮。
These coats are very nice.那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you.見到你很高興。It's very nice of you.你真好。(3)good形容人時指“品德好”,形容物時指“質(zhì)量好”,是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語。例如:
Her son is a good student.她兒子是一個好學(xué)生。The red car is very good.那輛紅色小汽車很好。
(4)well只可用來形容人的“身體好”,但不能作定語,它也能用作副詞作狀語,多放在所修飾的動詞之后。例如:
I'm very well, thanks.我身體很好,謝謝。My friends sing well.我的朋友們歌唱得好。
第三篇:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和過去進(jìn)行時(時態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)二)
Yaju Education雅居教育,樂在其中!
一對一個性輔導(dǎo)
胡葉雙
2013-3-23
課題:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和過去進(jìn)行時
一.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
定義:表示說話時動作正在進(jìn)行?,F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示動作發(fā)生的時間是“現(xiàn)在”,動作目前的狀態(tài)是“正在進(jìn)行中”。所謂“正在進(jìn)行中”,是指在談到這件事的時候,這個動作還在進(jìn)行中。至于它是什么時候開始的,什么時候會停下來,不是我們關(guān)心的。所以“正在進(jìn)行時”的事件,可能發(fā)生幾年了,也可能只有幾分鐘。仍在進(jìn)行中這是“正在進(jìn)行時”的關(guān)鍵所在,它是一件持續(xù)進(jìn)行的事情。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成是:主語+be+v.ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式
第一人稱單數(shù) I+am+V-ing.第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)We+are+V-ing.第二人稱單(復(fù))數(shù) You+are+V-ing
第三人稱單數(shù) He(She,it)+is+V-ing
第三人稱復(fù)數(shù) They+are+V-ing
肯定句:主語+be(is/am/are)+現(xiàn)在分詞
否定句:主語+be(is/am/are)+not+現(xiàn)在分詞
一般疑問句:be(is/am/are)+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+相應(yīng)be動詞+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+Sth?
間接引語中改為過去進(jìn)行時?,F(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則
1.直接+ ing(例:sleep+ing sleeping)
2.去掉不發(fā)音的e+ing(例:bite-e+ing biting)
3.重讀閉音節(jié),中間只有一個元音字母,且末尾只有1個輔音字母,雙寫輔音字母+ing(例:sit-sitting)4.以ie結(jié)尾變ie為y+ing(例:die-dying lie-lying)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的基本用法:
A表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時)正在發(fā)生的事情。
例:We are waiting for you.B.習(xí)慣進(jìn)行:表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進(jìn)行。
例:Mr.Green is writing another novel.(說話時并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)
C.已經(jīng)確定或安排好的將來活動。
(雍華庭校區(qū))地址:鳳凰北路33號雅居樂雍華庭Y11座102
電話: 020-36986380 ***(名門十八校區(qū))地址:天貴路108號雅居樂名門十八2棟903
電話:020-86893713
*** Yaju Education雅居教育,樂在其中!
一對一個性輔導(dǎo)
胡葉雙
2013-3-23
We're flying to Paris tomorrow.(我們明天乘飛機(jī)去巴黎)時間狀語
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志有很多,如: now,these days, this week, at this moment等等?;蛘吒嬖V你一個準(zhǔn)確的現(xiàn)在時間,或者用look, listen,Be quiet!/Don't talk,,提醒聽者注意正在發(fā)生的事。例如:
Listen!She is singing an English song.聽,她正在唱英語歌。
Look at the picture.The children are flying kites in the park.We are making model planes these days.這些天我們在做飛機(jī)模型。句型分析
1.一般疑問句是將be移到主語前面,句末加問號,讀升調(diào)。
Are they putting up the scaffolding? Yes, they are./ No, they aren't.2.否定句式是在be動詞后加not.He isn't runnig or the track.The students aren't playing football.特殊情況
1.有些動詞從結(jié)構(gòu)來看是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,但卻是表示將要發(fā)生的事,而不表示動作現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行。這些動詞往往是一些表示位置移動變化的動詞,如:go , come , leave , fly , move, start, begin , arrive, , stay, return等。
Next month my family is moving to Beijing.下個月,我家就要搬到北京去了。(搬的動作并非現(xiàn)在發(fā)生,而將在下個月發(fā)生。)
My aunt is leaving for Shanghai at eleven o'clock tomorrow morning.明天早上十一點(diǎn)我嬸嬸將離開去上海。
2.并不是所有動詞都有進(jìn)行時,一些動詞一般在句中不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài),而應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。這些動詞往往是等表示情感狀態(tài)、知覺認(rèn)識、愿望或短暫性的動詞。例如:see(明白),know, want, like, hear, have(有), think, hope, hate等。
3.在時間、條件狀語從句中,有時可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時代替一般將來時。
When you are passing my way,please drop in.你什么時候路過我家,請進(jìn)來坐。被動語態(tài)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
She is teaching the boy a lesson.→ The boy is being taught a lesson.Now he is making the girl laugh.→ Now the girl is being made to laugh.與一般現(xiàn)在時區(qū)別
(雍華庭校區(qū))地址:鳳凰北路33號雅居樂雍華庭Y11座102
電話: 020-36986380 ***(名門十八校區(qū))地址:天貴路108號雅居樂名門十八2棟903
電話:020-86893713
*** Yaju Education雅居教育,樂在其中!
一對一個性輔導(dǎo)
胡葉雙
2013-3-23
一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性動作,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動作。例如: He is studying hard.他(此刻或現(xiàn)階段)正在努力學(xué)習(xí)。
一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示眼前看得見的動作。例如:
Boats pass under the bridge.船從橋下穿過。
The boat is passing under the bridge.船正從橋下穿過
一、寫出下例動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式
1)give____ 2)use____ 3)move____ 4)skate____ 5)draw____ 6)tell____ 7)ring____ 8)wear____ 9)get____ 10)put____ 11)hit____ 12)stop____ 13)keep____ 14)hurt____ 15)know____ 16)lie____ 17)die____ 18)begin____ 19)forget____ 20)save____ 21)close____
二、用動詞的正確時態(tài)填空
1)I________(talk).You________(listen)tO me now.2)Look,the boy__________(run)fas 3)----What are you doing?----I_________(do)my homework.4)----_______the students_______(read)English.----Yes,they are.5)Tom_______(not study)English.He is studying Chinese.6)----Who_______(sing)a song?----Li Ying is.7)The girl_______(not eat)bananas now.8)----Where____they____(stand)?----They are standing over there.9)Look!The boy over there_______(ply)a model plane.10)----What is Meimei doing now?----She______(watch)TV with her parents 11)He____(study)English very hard.12)We often____(buy)books and things like that in the shop.13)Polly____(not eat)a banana now.二.過去進(jìn)行時
過去進(jìn)行時(Past continous tense)表示過去某時正在進(jìn)行的動作(不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否完成)。
結(jié)構(gòu)1.過去進(jìn)行時由“主語+was/were + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成
例如: We were having supper when the phone rang.我們正在吃晚飯時電話響了。
2.否定式由“主語+was/were not +現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成
例如: This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV.He was repairing his(雍華庭校區(qū))地址:鳳凰北路33號雅居樂雍華庭Y11座102
電話: 020-36986380 ***(名門十八校區(qū))地址:天貴路108號雅居樂名門十八2棟903
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2013-3-23
bike.昨天這個時候,杰克不是在看電視,而是在修理自行車?
3.疑問式由“was/were + 主語+ 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成
例如: Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四點(diǎn)你們在打籃球嗎?
4.特殊疑問句=特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語(I/you/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它
主要用法1.過去進(jìn)行時的基本用法主要表示過去某一時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。
如:He fell asleep when he was reading.他看書時睡著了。
2.用過去進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在主要是為了使語氣委婉、客氣。
如:I was wondering if you could give me a lift.我不知你能否讓我搭一下車。
3.過去進(jìn)行時表示感情色彩與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時相似,過去進(jìn)行時也可表示滿意、稱贊、驚訝、厭惡等感情色彩,也通常與 always,forever,等副詞連用。
如:They were always quarrelling.他們老是吵架。
4.動詞be的過去進(jìn)行時也可表示過去一時的表現(xiàn)或暫時的狀態(tài)。
比較:He was friendly.他很友好。(指過去長期如此)
He was being friendly.他當(dāng)時顯得很友好。(指當(dāng)時一時的表現(xiàn))
補(bǔ)充:when 的后面加一般過去時,而且動詞是不延續(xù)性動詞。
while 的后面加過去進(jìn)行時,動詞是延續(xù)性動詞。
常用的時間狀語 this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while, at that time,.just now,a moment ago
It was raining when they left the station;
When I got to the top of the mountain ,the sun was shining.過去進(jìn)行時與一般過去時
都強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事 ,進(jìn)行時強(qiáng)調(diào)過程,不一定完成
過去時強(qiáng)調(diào)事件,一定完成
p.s.:表示一個動作正在進(jìn)行時,另一個動作發(fā)生了
如:He played when I was studying.過去進(jìn)行時與一般過去時,兩者都表示過去發(fā)生的動作,但過去進(jìn)行時表示在過去某一特定的時間點(diǎn)或時間段正在進(jìn)行的動作,而一般過去時表示在過去時間完成的動作。例如:
I was typing a letter last night.昨晚我在打一封信.(可能沒打完)
I typed some letters last night.我昨晚打了一些信.(已經(jīng)打完)
1、一般過去時往往表示某一動作已經(jīng)完成,而過去進(jìn)行時卻表示動作在持續(xù)或(雍華庭校區(qū))地址:鳳凰北路33號雅居樂雍華庭Y11座102
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2013-3-23
未完成。(延續(xù)性動詞)
She wrote a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚給朋友寫了封信。(信寫完了)
She was writing a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚一直在給朋友寫信。(信不一定寫完)
2、一般過去時表示只做一次動作,而過去進(jìn)行時卻表示動作反復(fù)地進(jìn)行。(短暫性動詞)She waved to me.她朝我揮了揮手。
3、句中有a moment ago之類的短語一般用一般過去時。
4、句中有at this time last Sunday,from 8 to 9 yesterday 之類的狀語一般用過去進(jìn)行時。過去進(jìn)行時可以用來代替一般過去時,表示更為偶然而非預(yù)定的動作:
I was talking to Tom the other day. 那天我跟湯姆聊天來著。
不用于進(jìn)行時的動詞
感官動詞:hear, see, notice, feel, taste?? 表示態(tài)度感情的動詞:like, love, hate??
表心理狀態(tài):feel, want, prefer?? 表占有:own, have,?? 表存在狀態(tài)和持續(xù):look, owe, be?? 練習(xí)訓(xùn)練
練習(xí):
一、用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1.While we __________(wait)for the bus, a girl __________(run)up to us.2.I __________(telephone)a friend when Bob __________(come)in.3.Jim __________(jump)on the bus as it __________(move)away.4.We __________(test)the new machine when the electricity __________(go)off.5.She __________(not want)to stay in bed while the others ________________(all, work)in the fields.6.While mother ________(put)Cathy to bed, the door bell ________(ring).7.As I __________(walk)in the park, it __________(begin)to rain.8.Even when she ___________(be)a child she _____ _____(already, think)of becoming a ballerina(芭蕾舞演員).9.It was quite late at night.George __________(read)and Amy __________(ply)her needle when they __________(hear)a knock at the door.10.There __________(be)a group round the fire when they __________(reach)it.An old woman __________(sit)on the ground near the kettle;two small children __________(lie)near her;a donkey __________(bend)his head over a tall girl.二、選擇題。
1.I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.(雍華庭校區(qū))地址:鳳凰北路33號雅居樂雍華庭Y11座102
電話: 020-36986380 ***(名門十八校區(qū))地址:天貴路108號雅居樂名門十八2棟903
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2013-3-23
A.cooked, were ringing B.was cooking, rang C.was cooking, were ringing D.cooked, rang 2.He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.A.tries B.tried C.was trying D.will try 3.While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.A.was watching, was hearing B.watched, was hearing C.watched, heard D.was watching, heard 4.They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.A.were watching B.watch C.watched D.are watching 5.What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon? A.did, read, was seeing B.did, read, saw C.were, reading, saw D.were, reading, was seeing 6.It was Friday evening.Mr and Mrs.Green _____ ready to fly to England.A.are getting B.get C.were getting D.got 7.Lei Feng _____ always _____ of others when he ______ in the army.A.is, thinking, was B.was, thinking, is C.did, think, is D.was, thinking, was 8.A girl ______ my pen fall off the table when she _____ me.A.saw, passed B.was seeing, passed C.was seeing, passed D.was seeing, was passing 9.We ____ for tom at ten last Sunday.He often kept us ______.A.were waiting, waiting B.were waiting, wait C.waited, waiting D.waited, wait 10.He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.A.helps B.would help C.was helping D.is helping 11.While mother _______ some washing, I _____ a kite for Kate.A.did, made B.was doing, made C.was doing, was making D.did, was making 12.“_______ you angry then?” “they ______ too much noise.”
A.are, were making B.were, were making C.are, made D.were, made 13.He ____ some cooking at that time, so _____ me A.did, heard B.did, didn’t hear C.was doing, heard D.was doing, didn’t hear
14.This time yesterday jack _____ his bike.He _____ TV A.repaired, didn’t watch B.was repairing, watched C.repaired, watched D.was repairing, wasn’t watching
15.His parents wanted to know how he _____ on with his new classmates.A.was getting B.gets C.is getting D.will gets(雍華庭校區(qū))地址:鳳凰北路33號雅居樂雍華庭Y11座102
電話: 020-36986380 ***(名門十八校區(qū))地址:天貴路108號雅居樂名門十八2棟903
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*** Yaju Education雅居教育,樂在其中!
一對一個性輔導(dǎo)
胡葉雙
2013-3-23
鞏固練習(xí)
一、填空
1.Look!The boy over there(play)a model plane.2.When you(knock)at the door yesterday, I(do)some washing.3.I(telephone)a friend when Bob(come)in.4.----the students(read)English.----Yes, they are.5.Jane(wait)for me when I(arrive).6.Mike and I(play)basketball at that time yesterday afternoon.7.Tom(not study)English.He is studying Chinese.8.It was six.The Greens(have)supper.9.----What you(do)at ten o'clock yesterday?----I(studay)in class. 10.----Where they(stand)?----They are standing over there.11.It was quite late at night.George(read)and Amy(play)her needle when they(hear)a knock at the door.12.While she(watch)TV, her son(play)outside the room.13.----What is Meimei doing now?----She(watch)TV with her parents 14.What you(do)? 15.I(sing)an English song.16.We(test)the new machine when the electricity(go)off.17.We can’t help you, because we(have)classes.18.What are you(do)now? I(eat)bread.19.It’s nine o’clock.My father(work)in the office.20.When Harry(have)breakfast Lily(telephone)him.
二、選擇
1.我在照看孩子.A.I am looking after the baby.B.I'm look aftering the baby.C.I look am aftering the baby.D.I looking after the baby.2.He_______ of how he can do more for the people.A.had always thought B.is always thinking
(雍華庭校區(qū))地址:鳳凰北路33號雅居樂雍華庭Y11座102
電話: 020-36986380 ***(名門十八校區(qū))地址:天貴路108號雅居樂名門十八2棟903
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一對一個性輔導(dǎo)
胡葉雙
2013-3-23
C.has always been thought D.thinking always 3.The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west when he saw it.A.was traveling B.traveled C.had been traveling D.was to travel 4.Jack is_____with Jim.They are good____.A.running;friend;B.running;friends;C.runing;friends D.run;friend’s 5.When I arrived at his office, he ___ on the phone.A.was speaking B.spoke C.had been speaking D.had spoken 6.Look!Mary_______ doing homework.A.is;one’s B.is;her C.are;his D.are;her 7.The Greens____supper now.A.is having B.are;having C.is haveing D.are;having 8.My dictionary ___,I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.A.has lost, don’t find B.is missing, don’t find
C.has lost, haven’t found D.is missing, haven’t found.9.Having a computer for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly.A.is changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will change 10..Look!The twins_____their mother do the housework.A.are wanting B.help C.are helping D.are looking 11.I can’t catch up with the fashion, because the clothes style_______ all the time.A.has changed B.is changed C.is changing D.changed 12.Don’t make any noise while the students_______ to the class.A.are listening B.listened C.have listened D.had listened 13.My brother ___ while he _ __ his bicycle and hurt himself.A.fell, was riding B.fell, were riding C.had fallen, rode D.had fallen, was riding
14.The kite_______ high in the sky now.It looks like a big bird.A.has flown B.is flying C.was flying D.flew 15.As we all know, the population in the world _______ faster and faster.A.is grown B.is growing C.are grown D.are growing
三.用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
(雍華庭校區(qū))地址:鳳凰北路33號雅居樂雍華庭Y11座102
電話: 020-36986380 ***(名門十八校區(qū))地址:天貴路108號雅居樂名門十八2棟903
電話:020-86893713
*** Yaju Education雅居教育,樂在其中!
一對一個性輔導(dǎo)
胡葉雙
2013-3-23
1.I _____(have)my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.2.Mary _____(go)over her lessons from six to seven last night.John and peter ____(do)the same thing.3.What _____ you ___(do)at that time? We _____(watch)TV.4.Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes, he was.He _____(listen)to the radio.5.They _____(not make)a model ship when I saw him.6._____ they ____(have)a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon? No, they _____.They _____(clean)the classroom.7.______ it ______(rain)when you left school? Yes, it ____.(No, it ____)8.What _____ your father _____(do)when he was your age? 9.One day, Edison _____(wait)for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track(軌道)to play.10.He asked me if I ______(go)fishing that afternoon.11.The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _____(leave)in five minutes.12.In a letter, john told us that he _____(come)to china next month.13.When the bell rang, jenny _____(wait)in her seat.14.She _____(make)her dress the whole afternoon.15.While my father ____(look)through the evening paper, he suddenly ____ a cry.(雍華庭校區(qū))地址:鳳凰北路33號雅居樂雍華庭Y11座102
電話: 020-36986380 ***(名門十八校區(qū))地址:天貴路108號雅居樂名門十八2棟903
電話:020-86893713
***
第四篇:小學(xué)英語時態(tài)(范文模版)
時態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時
1.概念:經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。
2.時間狀語: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):動詞 原形(如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),動詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放于句首;用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。
6.例句:.It seldom snows here.He is always ready to help others.Action speaks louder than words..時態(tài)
三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
1.概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語:now, at this time, days, etc.look.listen
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):be+doing
4.否定形式:be+not+doing.5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放于句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
第五篇:英語16種時態(tài)歸納
16種英語時態(tài)總結(jié)歸納
時態(tài)(Tense)是表示行為、動作和狀態(tài)在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。因此,當(dāng)我們說時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時候,指的是相應(yīng)時態(tài)下的動詞形式。
英語時態(tài)分為16種:一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時,以及這四者的進(jìn)行時、完成時和完成進(jìn)行時。
1.一般現(xiàn)在時
用法:
A)表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。
B)習(xí)慣用語。
C)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作。
例:He always helps others.(他總是幫助別人。)
D)客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時,則無法保持主句、從句時態(tài)一致。
E)表示一個按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作,(僅限于某些表示“來、去、動、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動詞)可以與表示未來時間的狀語搭配使用。常見的用法是:飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。
例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.(下一趟火車今天下午3點(diǎn)開車。)
How often does this shuttle bus run?(這班車多久一趟?)
F)在時間和條件狀語從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在(有時也用現(xiàn)在完成時)表示將來事情。
例:When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成這份報告的時候,我就已經(jīng)等了將近3個小時了。)
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(be doing)
用法:現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(have done)
用法:
A)表示動作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。
例:I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A)didn't sell B)sold C)haven't sold D)would sell
答案是C)haven't sold。
B)表示從過去某時刻開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或情況,并且有可能會繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動詞。時間狀語常用since加一個過去的時間點(diǎn),或for 加一段時間,或by加一個現(xiàn)在時間。
例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A)are to challenge C)have been challenged
B)may be challenged D)are challenging
全句的意思是:“雖然牛頓是個偉大的人物,但他的許多見解直到今天還在受到挑戰(zhàn),并且被現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物動詞,在本句中應(yīng)當(dāng)是被動語態(tài);其動作延續(xù)到今天,所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)??梢姶鸢甘荂)have been challenged。A)are to challenge和D)are challenging都是主動語態(tài),不可能是答案。B)may be challenged雖然是被動語態(tài),但意思與全句內(nèi)容不合,所以不對。
C)表示發(fā)生在過去,但對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作或情況。通常用點(diǎn)動詞,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例:John has broken his left leg.(約翰摔斷了左腿。)
注意事項(xiàng)
A)現(xiàn)在完成時是聯(lián)系過去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶?,F(xiàn)在完成時和過去時的區(qū)別在于:現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的動態(tài),或受動態(tài)的影響,是動態(tài)的結(jié)果,對現(xiàn)在有影響;過去時只表示過去的某個具體時間里發(fā)生的動作,與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。
例:He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年。這只是講述一個過去的事實(shí),他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了。)
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年。表示他從過去開始工作,一直工作到現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。)
B)因?yàn)楹衒or加一段時間或since加一個時間點(diǎn)這樣的時間狀語的完成時,有動態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點(diǎn),所以不能使用終端動詞或瞬間動詞。
例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(過去分詞做表語表示狀態(tài),可以延續(xù))
My sister has married.Don't disturb her.(終端動詞)
C)在“this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……”句型里要求用完成時。
例:This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國際展覽會。)
D)句型“It is/ has been……since”所使用的兩種時態(tài)都正確。
例:It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(從我上次見到他以來已經(jīng)10年了。)
E)在“no sooner than”、“hardly/ scarcely ……when”、“before”、“prior to”等句型中,主句要求完成時。
例:I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我從未見過那位教授。)
4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(have been doing)
用法:表示某一動作開始于過去某一時間,延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今,或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來。
例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前為止,我們一直在處理那個項(xiàng)目,已經(jīng)花了一個多月時間了。)
注意事項(xiàng):與現(xiàn)在完成時相比,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時更強(qiáng)調(diào):在從過去到現(xiàn)在的時間里,動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。
例:1997年6月四級第45 題
It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time.We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A)had leaked B)is leaking
C)leaked D)has been leaking
從本題上下文看,這兩個句子的意思是:“看來,這個管道漏油已有一段時間了,我們將不得不拆卸機(jī)器排除故障?!钡诙浔硎緦⒁扇〉拇胧5谝痪鋭幼靼l(fā)生在第二句之前,并且延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在為止仍在繼續(xù)。因此,空格中需用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。D)has been leaking是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時,因此是本題的答案。有11%的考生誤選了B)is leaking。由于本句有時間狀語for some time,表示謂語動作延續(xù),謂語不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,必須用和完成時有關(guān)的時態(tài)。有些考生誤選了C)leaked或A)had leaked。是因?yàn)樗麄儧]有注意到本題第二句是一般將來時,所以第一句的謂語不能用過去時或過去完成時。
5.一般過去時
用法:
A)表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或情況。
B)表示過去習(xí)慣性動作。特別是由would/ used to do表達(dá)的句型,本身表示的就是過去時。
例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(老人過去常常坐在寧靜的公園里的一條長椅上,看著其他的人,一坐就是數(shù)個小時,什么也不干,也不和任何人交談。)
He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。)
C)有時可代替一般現(xiàn)在時,表達(dá)一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。
例:I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借車用一用,可以嗎?)
Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在這里嗎?)
注意事項(xiàng):
A)注意時間狀語的搭配。一般過去時的時間狀語應(yīng)該是表示過去某個時間的詞或詞組,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,絕對不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用,因?yàn)檫@樣的時間狀語都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般現(xiàn)在時。
B)used to do的否定形式和疑問形式很特別:你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都對。
Used to do經(jīng)常與 be used to doing sth/ sth結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對比。前者表示“過去常常或過去曾經(jīng)”,要求加動詞原形;后者表示“習(xí)慣于”,要求加名詞或動名詞。
6.過去完成時(had done)
用法:表示在過去的某個時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。就是我們常說的:表示“過去的過去的動作或狀態(tài)”。
Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.A)didn't hear C)hasn't heard B)hasn't been hearing D)hadn't heard
全句的意思是:“到那時為止,他家里已經(jīng)有六個月沒得到他的消息了?!庇纱丝梢钥闯?,謂語動詞的動作延續(xù)到過去的某一時刻才完成,因此謂語要用過去完成時。答案是D)。其它選項(xiàng)中:A)didn't hear,因?yàn)橐话氵^去時只表示過去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài),所以不能與時間狀語for six months連用。B)hasn't been hearing,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示過去某時刻繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行的動作,與題意不符。C)hasn't heard,現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去某一時刻到現(xiàn)在為止發(fā)生的動作。而題中的then只表示過去的某一時刻,不能表示現(xiàn)在時間。
注意事項(xiàng):“過去的過去”這種邏輯關(guān)系常通過上下文體現(xiàn)出來,而不一定受某個時間狀語的限制。
例:There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(剛才有人在我們的房間里,因?yàn)槲覀兇蜷_前門進(jìn)來時,我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃燒的香煙。)
分析:雖然時間狀語是just now,似乎應(yīng)該使用一般過去時,但是“在房間里”這個狀態(tài)是在“開門”和“注意”這兩個過去的動作之前就存在的,所以應(yīng)該用過去完成時。
7.過去將來時(would/ should do)
用法:表示從過去的某個時間看將要發(fā)生的事。
例:I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四說我將于第二天拜訪我的朋友。)
注意事項(xiàng):由于過去將來時是由過去時和將來時組合而成的,所以其注意事項(xiàng)可以參考過去時和將來時的相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。
8.過去進(jìn)行時(was/ were doing)
用法:
A)表示在過去一個比較具體的時間正在發(fā)生的動作。
例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分鐘前,瑪麗正在聽輕音樂。)
B)如果when, while這樣的時間狀語引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的主從句之一是一般過去時,則另一個句子常用過去進(jìn)行時。
例:I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前門時我正在洗頭發(fā)。)
注意事項(xiàng):其它與將來時有關(guān)的事項(xiàng)請參見下面所講的一般將來時。
9.一般將來時
用法:
A)基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will / shall do。
例:We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我們將送給她一個玻璃的手工制品,作為給她的生日禮物。)
B)有些動詞,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般進(jìn)行時,并且通常與一個表示將來時間的時間狀語連用,可以表示將來時。
例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我媽媽下周將來看我,并會呆到5月。)
C)表示“打算去……,要……”時,可用be going to do。
例:This is just what I am going to say.(這正是我想說的。)
D)表示“即將、正要”時,可用be about to do。強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事。
例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(別擔(dān)心,我馬上就給你做一次仔細(xì)的檢查。)
E)“be to do”的5種用法:
a)表示“按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。
例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你準(zhǔn)會在實(shí)驗(yàn)室見到她。)
b)該做或不該做的事情(語氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一種命令、規(guī)勸性語氣。
例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩子們,你們必須上床睡覺,不準(zhǔn)吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。)
c)能或不能發(fā)生的事情(接近c(diǎn)an, may)
例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢?)
d)不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情,后來將要發(fā)生的事情。
例:I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible.Have a little patience.A.will be attended B.will be attended to
C.is attended D.is attended to
will be attended to關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是:attend表示“處理,解決”時是不及物動詞,必須與to連用。另外,從上下文看,事情顯然尚未解決,所以應(yīng)該用將來時的被動語態(tài)。答案是B。
e)用于條件從句“如果……想,設(shè)想”(接近if ……want to,或if ……should)
例:Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.A)is to be B)can be C)will be D)has been
答案是A)is to be。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必須作出更大努力來增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量。”
F)同樣可以表示“正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。
例:The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教練想要放棄這場比賽了,因?yàn)閷Ψ揭呀?jīng)射進(jìn)了7個球。)
例:1999年6月四級第65題
I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A)in B)to C)at D)on
答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定詞組,意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是:“當(dāng)他的信到的時候我正要打電話給他?!?/p>
注意事項(xiàng):
在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞(immediately, the moment, directly)等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句,一般用現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。強(qiáng)調(diào)延續(xù)性或動態(tài)時,可用完成時。
例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回來的時候,他的身體已經(jīng)好多了。)
10.將來進(jìn)行時(will be doing)
用法:強(qiáng)調(diào)在將來的某個具體時間正在發(fā)生的動作或事情。
例:Don't worry, you won't miss her.She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(別擔(dān)心,你不會認(rèn)不出她的。她到時會穿一件紅色的T恤衫和一條白色的短裙。)
注意事項(xiàng):由于本時態(tài)是由將來時和進(jìn)行時融合在一起的,所以關(guān)于本時態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng),可參考“一般將來時”和“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時”的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。
11.將來完成時(will have done)
用法:表示從將來的某一時間開始、延續(xù)到另一個將來時間的動作或狀態(tài),或是發(fā)生在某個將來時間,但對其后的另一個將來時間有影響的動作或狀態(tài)。就好象把現(xiàn)在完成時平移到時間軸的將來時時段一樣。其用法從和過去及現(xiàn)在有關(guān),變成了和將來及將來的將來有關(guān)。
例:1997年1月四級第22題
The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.A)must have lasted B)will have lasted
C)would last D)has lasted
本題考核謂語動詞的時態(tài)。全句的意思是:“會議從開始到結(jié)束將持續(xù)整整一個星期?!本渲衎y the time it ends表示動作要延續(xù)到將來某一時刻,因此要用將來完成時。答案是B)will have lasted。如果選A),因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動詞must后面接動詞不定式的完成時形式表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定推測,而本句的時間狀語是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended,所以犯了時態(tài)不呼應(yīng)的錯誤。Would雖可以表示推測或可能性,但would last不能表示延續(xù)到將來某一時刻的動作,所以C)would last錯誤。因?yàn)镈)has lasted是現(xiàn)在完成時,表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動作,不能表示延續(xù)到將來某一時刻的動作,所以也不正確。
注意事項(xiàng):由于本時態(tài)是由將來時和完成時融合在一起的,所以關(guān)于本時態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng),可以參考“一般將來時”和“現(xiàn)在完成時”的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。
12)將來完成進(jìn)行時:shall have been doing,will have been doing
例:By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.(到下個月底為止,這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。)(被動語態(tài))
13)過去完成進(jìn)行時:had been doing
例:The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前,我10歲大的兒子已經(jīng)把這個舊鐘表拆卸并重新組裝了好幾回了。)(此處強(qiáng)調(diào)“拆卸”和“組裝”這兩個過去的過去的動作一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行。)(被動語態(tài))
14)過去將來進(jìn)行時:should be doing , would be doing
例:The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承諾說第二年7月將有一條新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的時間狀語是具體的將來時間,所以最好用將來進(jìn)行時。)(此句為被動語態(tài))
15)過去將來完成時:should have done , would have done
例:I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我堅信到那年年底為止,那個軟件的新版本將被開發(fā)出來。但是我錯了。)(此句為被動語態(tài))
16)過去將來完成進(jìn)行時:should have been doing , would have been doing
例:They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.(他們說到第二個月底為止,這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。)