第一篇：2011年在職研究生入學(xué)考試各科練習(xí)題
各科練習(xí)題
說(shuō)明：此練習(xí)題僅供輔導(dǎo)教師和考生在復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中進(jìn)行練習(xí)及掌握考試題型之用，不是復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)考生按照大綱進(jìn)行全面復(fù)習(xí)。
政治理論
一、概念解釋題
哲學(xué)的基本問(wèn)題、商品、抽象勞動(dòng)、價(jià)值規(guī)律、剩余價(jià)值、可變資本、實(shí)踐、人民內(nèi)部矛盾、黨的三大優(yōu)良作風(fēng)、和平共處五項(xiàng)原則、感性認(rèn)識(shí)、理性認(rèn)識(shí)、主要矛盾、矛盾的普遍性、民主集中制、社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值體系
二、辨析題
1．實(shí)踐性是馬克思主義哲學(xué)的唯一特點(diǎn)。
2．對(duì)新事物要肯定一切，對(duì)舊事物要否定一切。
3．具體勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)造使用價(jià)值，抽象勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)造價(jià)值，所以它們是兩類獨(dú)立存在的勞動(dòng)。
4．市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)以市場(chǎng)作為資源配置的基礎(chǔ)性手段，但它并不排斥國(guó)家對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的宏觀調(diào)控。
5．發(fā)展才是硬道理，這里所說(shuō)的―發(fā)展‖是指經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。
6．馬克思主義認(rèn)識(shí)論是以實(shí)踐為基礎(chǔ)的能動(dòng)的革命的反映論。7．內(nèi)因和外因作為同時(shí)存在的內(nèi)部和外部的聯(lián)系，對(duì)事物發(fā)展起著相同的作用。8．社會(huì)主義公有制的實(shí)現(xiàn)形式可以而且應(yīng)當(dāng)多樣化。9．革命是解放生產(chǎn)力，改革是發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力。
10．中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作與政治協(xié)商制度是中國(guó)的一項(xiàng)基本政治制度。
11、改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定三者之間的關(guān)系是辯證統(tǒng)一的。
12、實(shí)踐作為檢驗(yàn)真理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，既是絕對(duì)的又是相對(duì)的，是確定性和不確定性的統(tǒng)一。
13、社會(huì)主義民主政治只是為社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)服務(wù)的有力手段。14.未來(lái)社會(huì)是一個(gè)自由人聯(lián)合體。
15.代表中國(guó)最廣大人民的根本利益，必須妥善處理人民內(nèi)部的各種利益關(guān)系。16.我們黨的執(zhí)政地位不是一勞永逸、一成不變的。
三、簡(jiǎn)答題
1.簡(jiǎn)述馬克思主義產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)歷史條件。2.馬克思主義的三個(gè)理論來(lái)源是什么？
3.馬克思根據(jù)社會(huì)關(guān)系的歷史發(fā)展與人的個(gè)性發(fā)展的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系把人的發(fā)展劃分為哪三個(gè)大的歷史階段？
4.簡(jiǎn)述馬克思對(duì)生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)之間關(guān)系的論述。5.列寧是如何論述唯心主義的認(rèn)識(shí)論根源的？
6.列寧是如何論證對(duì)立統(tǒng)一規(guī)律是辯證法的核心和實(shí)質(zhì)的？ 7.列寧關(guān)于辯證法和形而上學(xué)兩種發(fā)展觀的論述。8.毛澤東是如何論述社會(huì)主義社會(huì)基本矛盾的？ 9.簡(jiǎn)述毛澤東關(guān)于人的自覺能動(dòng)性的論述。
10.毛澤東是如何闡述“一般和個(gè)別相結(jié)合”工作方法的？ 11.如何理解毛澤東提出的“獨(dú)立自主”方針？
12.鄧小平是如何論述解放思想與實(shí)事求是二者之間關(guān)系的？
13.鄧小平關(guān)于我國(guó)處在社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段這個(gè)重要論斷的基本涵義是什么？ 14.為什么說(shuō)社會(huì)主義和市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)不存在根本矛盾？
15.為什么說(shuō)沒有民主就沒有社會(huì)主義，就沒有社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化？ 16.科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的基本內(nèi)涵是什么？
四、論述題
1.馬克思關(guān)于資本主義積累的歷史趨勢(shì)的論述及其重大意義。
2.列寧關(guān)于“利用資本主義，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義”的思想及其重大意義。3.鄧小平對(duì)社會(huì)主義根本任務(wù)的論述及其重大意義。
4.運(yùn)用歷史唯物主義關(guān)于社會(huì)存在與社會(huì)意識(shí)辯證關(guān)系的原理說(shuō)明大力發(fā)展社會(huì)主義先進(jìn)文化，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義精神文明的重大意義。
5.論如何把代表最廣大人民根本利益的要求落到實(shí)處。
6.毛澤東“關(guān)于事物矛盾問(wèn)題的精髓”的論述及其重大意義。7.論黨的群眾路線及其重大意義。
8.論鄧小平關(guān)于“一國(guó)兩制”的構(gòu)想及其重大意義。
現(xiàn)代管理學(xué)
一、概念解釋題
一般意義上的管理、管理的系統(tǒng)觀念、管理的人本性、管理客體的系統(tǒng)性、確定型決策、管理的權(quán)變觀念、管理的戰(zhàn)略觀念、磋商激勵(lì)、不確定型決策、輿論監(jiān)督、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)型決策、尊重激勵(lì)、管理藝術(shù)、審計(jì)監(jiān)督、經(jīng)濟(jì)監(jiān)督、管理的經(jīng)濟(jì)方法
二、辨析題
1、管理的二重性是指管理過(guò)程中既有科學(xué)性又有藝術(shù)性。
2、管理幅度與管理層次呈正比例關(guān)系，即管理幅度越大，管理層次越多；管理幅度越小，管理層次越少。
3、按管理者的職責(zé)，可分為高層管理者、中層管理者和基層管理者。
4、管理機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)要堅(jiān)持精簡(jiǎn)效能的原則。
5、管理就是以信息處理為中心。
6、以實(shí)現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)的途徑分類，可分為企業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、地區(qū)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、部門發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和領(lǐng)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。
7、管理的權(quán)變觀念強(qiáng)調(diào)權(quán)宜應(yīng)變的科學(xué)性。
8、經(jīng)濟(jì)監(jiān)督就是指的財(cái)政監(jiān)督，即預(yù)算監(jiān)督、預(yù)算外資金監(jiān)督和財(cái)務(wù)監(jiān)督。
9、有了管理的主體和管理的客體，就可以構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的管理活動(dòng)。
10、管理的權(quán)變觀念的核心內(nèi)容，就在于管理效果完全取決于組織與環(huán)境之間的適應(yīng)性。
11、一切管理客體都是客觀存在的事務(wù)，因此一切客觀事物都可以成為管理的客體。
12、系統(tǒng)理論認(rèn)為，自然界和人類社會(huì)所構(gòu)成的一切系統(tǒng)都是開放的。
13、管理的擇優(yōu)觀念就是堅(jiān)持選擇最優(yōu)和最佳的方案，以及最優(yōu)的管理方法。
14、管理過(guò)程的最后一項(xiàng)職能是評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)價(jià)既是管理過(guò)程的歸宿，又是管理過(guò)程的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。
15、宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，是國(guó)家中央政府為調(diào)控經(jīng)濟(jì)的有序和有效運(yùn)行而制定的，因而它的調(diào)節(jié)作用是直接的。
16、經(jīng)濟(jì)方法運(yùn)用的主要形式，就是通過(guò)市場(chǎng)來(lái)進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)要素的基礎(chǔ)性配置。
三、簡(jiǎn)答題
1、什么是管理的創(chuàng)新性？
2、管理者應(yīng)具備的職責(zé)是什么？
3、為什么要樹立組織適應(yīng)環(huán)境的觀念？ 4、20世紀(jì)60年代興起的系統(tǒng)管理學(xué)派，認(rèn)為系統(tǒng)管理有什么特點(diǎn)？
5、為什么說(shuō)決策是管理工作的核心？
6、簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明監(jiān)督的功能。
7、去年以來(lái)，中央銀行多次提高了存款準(zhǔn)備金率，這種舉措屬于哪個(gè)管理方法？對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)控有什么作用？
8、現(xiàn)代管理所講的決策是廣義的決策。理解廣義決策應(yīng)把握哪些要點(diǎn)？
9、管理機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)為什么要堅(jiān)持責(zé)、權(quán)、利相一致的原則？
10、目標(biāo)管理和傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)劃管理的主要區(qū)別是什么?
11、簡(jiǎn)述激勵(lì)的作用。
12、為什么說(shuō)決策是各級(jí)管理者的主要職責(zé)？
13、為什么要堅(jiān)持超前監(jiān)督的原則？
14、簡(jiǎn)述實(shí)施的特點(diǎn)。
15、為什么要堅(jiān)持評(píng)價(jià)的激勵(lì)性原則？
16、權(quán)變觀念在管理中有什么作用？
四、論述題
1、人類社會(huì)的任何管理活動(dòng)都有其一定的目的，即要達(dá)到一定的目標(biāo)。因此，制定科學(xué)先進(jìn)的和切實(shí)可行的管理目標(biāo)是非常重要的。請(qǐng)您結(jié)合我們的工作實(shí)際，談?wù)勚贫繕?biāo)應(yīng)遵循的原則。
2、對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展等各個(gè)方面作出重大決策，是管理者特別是管理的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的重要職責(zé)，是管理工作的核心。決策正確與否，直接影響到經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)的發(fā)展水平和效率的高低。這方面，不論是企業(yè)還是地方各級(jí)政府，都有著成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和失敗的教訓(xùn)。請(qǐng)您結(jié)合實(shí)際，說(shuō)明科學(xué)決策應(yīng)遵循的原則。
3、管理過(guò)程結(jié)束以后，需要對(duì)其所獲得的管理成績(jī)和效果進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的評(píng)價(jià)，從中汲取經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)，以不斷提高管理工作的水平。但在現(xiàn)實(shí)工作實(shí)踐中，不少管理者往往對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)這一環(huán)節(jié)有所忽視，或者說(shuō)重視不夠。請(qǐng)您結(jié)合實(shí)際，談?wù)勗u(píng)價(jià)在管理中的作用。
4、現(xiàn)代管理活動(dòng)中，復(fù)雜多變的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)及政治環(huán)境，要求管理者必須“高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚”，把握事物未來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；必須“胸有全局”，把握事物內(nèi)部和外部的本質(zhì)聯(lián)系。所謂“高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚”、“胸有全局”，就是指管理主體要確立管理的戰(zhàn)略觀念。請(qǐng)您聯(lián)系實(shí)際，談?wù)劥_立戰(zhàn)略觀念在現(xiàn)代管理中的地位和作用。
5、決策并不是簡(jiǎn)單的“拍板定案”，而是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的科學(xué)過(guò)程，要按照和遵循一定的程序進(jìn)行。現(xiàn)實(shí)工作中，有一些管理者對(duì)這一科學(xué)程序重視不夠，有的知之甚少。為了保證決策的科學(xué)化和民主化，請(qǐng)您說(shuō)明決策過(guò)程中所要遵循的程序。
6、在過(guò)去漫長(zhǎng)的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代里，我們習(xí)慣于用行政方法管理經(jīng)濟(jì)。但在今天的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下，固然也離不開行政的方法，但它有明顯的局限性，過(guò)分地運(yùn)用它，會(huì)妨礙經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。請(qǐng)您結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)，談?wù)勑姓椒ǖ木窒扌砸约叭绾握_地運(yùn)用行政方法。
7、管理活動(dòng)的效果和效率，很大程度上取決于管理中的人，特別是作為管理主體的人。如何用人，既是一門科學(xué)，更是一門藝術(shù)。請(qǐng)您結(jié)合自己的工作實(shí)際，談?wù)動(dòng)萌说乃囆g(shù)。
8、近年來(lái)，中央一再提出以人為本、執(zhí)政為民的理念，強(qiáng)調(diào)重視和優(yōu)先解決民生問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)您聯(lián)系實(shí)際，說(shuō)明為什么要樹立以人為本的管理觀念，即樹立人本觀念的必然性。
法理學(xué)
一、簡(jiǎn)答題
法律移植；法的制定；法的效力；法律關(guān)系；法律意識(shí)；霍菲爾德的權(quán)利；法律監(jiān)督的意義；法律制裁和法律責(zé)任的關(guān)系；法律實(shí)效和法律實(shí)施的關(guān)系；法的特征；法的現(xiàn)代化與法的國(guó)際化；資本主義法律的基本特征；法的規(guī)范指引與個(gè)別指引的區(qū)別；法律后果的含義及分類；法治與法制的關(guān)系；法律制定的程序。
二、辨析題
法律實(shí)施；法律淵源；法律規(guī)范的種類；法律適用的原則；公法和私法；解釋的種類；普通法；法律淵源的分類；《中華人民共和國(guó)香港特別行政區(qū)基本法》；我國(guó)法律的空間效力；法律規(guī)則的構(gòu)成要素；法的局限性；兩大法系；資本主義法和封建主義法；法律體系和立法體系；一般法和特別法。
三、材料分析題
1、最高人民法院的《公報(bào)》和判例法；
2、司法機(jī)關(guān)的職權(quán)和地位；
3、刑事法律的性質(zhì)和地方性法規(guī)；
4、責(zé)任法定原則；
5、國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)分工負(fù)責(zé)、互相監(jiān)督、相互制約；
6、違法行為、法律責(zé)任和法律制裁的關(guān)系；
7、法律和道德的關(guān)系；
8、實(shí)質(zhì)推理；
9、廣義的法律和狹義的法律；
10、司法的基本原則；
11、法的本質(zhì)；
12、法律的穩(wěn)定性和適應(yīng)性；
13、立法必須堅(jiān)持的原則；
14、唯物主義法學(xué)原理；
15、廣義和狹義的法律監(jiān)督；
16、經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)和法律的關(guān)系；
四、論述題
1、法的局限性；
2、法律適用上一律平等的原則；
3、當(dāng)代中國(guó)法律解釋體制；
4、我國(guó)法淵源的形式；
5、當(dāng)代中國(guó)的法律監(jiān)督；
6、法律規(guī)范的種類；
7、法的作用；
8、當(dāng)代中國(guó)法適用的原則。
英語(yǔ)
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1.When I was young, I ________ to school every day.A.was walking B.walked C.had walked D.had been walking 2.Continuing education classes give some adults the chance ________ new skills.A.learn
B.to be learning
C.to learn
D.to have learned 3.Because of ________ you have done, things become much worse.A.that
B.whom
C.which
D.what 4.These questions ____C__ at tomorrow’s meeting.A.have been discussed
B.had been discussed C.will be discussed
D.shall be discussed
5.It is ____ in spring than in autumn.A.warmer
B.more warm
C.warmest
D.most warm 6.Miss White has been a secretary __________.A.every year
B.since 1997 C.ten years ago
D.in 1997 7.I called on her and found that she ________.A.went abroad
B.go abroad C.had gone abroad
D.has gone abroad 8 Telephone ________ in our everyday life.A.being used
B.uses C.is used
D.is using 9 The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ________.A.hear of
B.to hear C.hearing from
D.heard 10.The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A.first playing
B.to be first played
C.first played
D.to be first playing 11.When they arrived, the game ________.A.already start B.already started C.have already started D.had already started 12.Those books ________ to the library next Monday.A.can return
B.can be returned C.can returned
D.can return to 13.I’m sorry, but smoking ________ here.A.is allowed
B.is not allowed C.will be allowed
D.will not allow 14.They got to the bus station ________ than you did.A.more late
B.later C.more later
D.late 15.He talked of the people and books ________ interested him.A.who
B.whose
C.that
D.whom 16.Excuse ________, may I ask you a question? A.I
B.my
C.me
D.us
17.They never knew that pollution ________ a big problem.A.become
B.would become C.is going to
D.does become 18.You ________ where you leave your things.A.always forgets B.forget C.will always forget D.are always forgetting 19.He doesn’t live in the city, ________ ?.A.isn’t he
B.doesn’t he C.is he
D.does he 20.Now she is leaving London.She has stayed here ________.A.after 1980 B.in 1980 C.for 1980 D.since 1980 21.________ meeting will be put off(推遲)till next Monday.A.Tomorrow’s
B.Tomorrows’ C.Tomorrow
D.Tomorrows 22.The house ________ is very nice, but the compound(院子)is too small.A.himself
B.herself
C.itself
D.oneself 23.I told him not to go, but he ________ not listen.A.will B.would C.shall D.should 24.This time last year, Tom ________ with his friends in London.A.stayed
B.was staying C.is staying
D.stays 25.Let’s ________ and get something to eat.A.to go
B.go
C.going
D.goes 26.When they arrived at the airport, the plane ________.A.already take off B.already took off C.have already taken off D.had already taken off 27.Those books ________ to the library next Monday.A.can return
B.can be returned C.can returned
D.can return to 28.They got to the airport ________ than you did.A.more late
B.later C.more later
D.late 29.He talked of the people and books ________ interested him.A.who
B.whose
C.that
D.whom 30.He was writing an e-mail ________ I was watch TV in the hotel room.A.as soon as
B.after C.until
D.while
二、閱讀理解
(1)I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight, silence would teach him the joys of sound.Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see.Recently I was visited by a very good friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and I asked her what she had observed.―Nothing is particular,‖ she replied.I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses, for long ago I became convinced that the seeing see little.How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch.I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf.I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, of the rough bark of a pine.In spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud, the first sign of awakening nature after her winter’s sleep.Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel the happy quiver of a bird in full song.I am delighted to have the cool waters of a brook rush through my open fingers.To me the pageant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips.At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things.If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight.Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little.The panorama of color and action which fills the world is taken for granted.It is human perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as mere convenience rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.If I were president of a university, I should establish a compulsory course in ―How to Use Your Eyes‖.The professor would try to show his pupils how they could add joy to their lives by really seeing what passes unnoticed before them.He would try to awake their dormant and sluggish faculties.1.According to the text, it would be a blessing if________.A.every human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life
B.every human being is stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life C.every human being is stricken blind and deaf D.every human being were stricken blind and deaf 2.Which of the following is the author’s opinion about the seeing people? A.Most of the seeing people see little.B.The seeing people cherished their gift of sight very much.C.The seeing people use their power of sight to the full.D.The seeing people use their gift of sight as a means of adding color to life.3.The author could not see by sight, but she ______.A.could find hundreds of things to interest her through mere touch B.knew more than the seeing
C.was very optimistic and could ―see‖ more than the seeing D.both A and C
4.According to the text, why would it be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life? A.Because darkness would make him more appreciative of sight, and silence would teach him the joys of sound.B.Because people seldom cherish what they have and if they lose what they have for a short time they would cherish what they have much more.C.Because people are always longing for what they don’t have.D.both A and B 5.We can infer from the text that _______.A.though the author was blind, she loved life and she knew well how to add fullness to life B.the author was a president of a university C.the author established a compulsory course in ―How to Use Your Eyes‖ D.the author appreciated little what she had and longed for what she had not.（2)We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions and to communicate with other people.We can learn a lot about what a person is thinking by watching his or her body language.Words are important, but the way a person stands, folds his or her arms, or moves his or her hands can also give us information about his or her feelings.Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.Making eye contact – looking directly into someone’s eyes – is in some counties a way to show interest.In other countries, however, eye contact is rude or disrespectful.The gesture of OK, making a circle with one’s thumb and index finger, has different meanings in different cultures.In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.In France, a person seeing the same gesture will think it means zero.In Brazil and Germany, however, the gesture is rude.The thumbs-up gesture, meaning ―great‖ or ―good job‖ in the US, is rude in Nigeria, but in Germany and Japan it means the number one.The ―crazy‖ gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means ―you have a phone call‖ in Brazil.While there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal.A good way of saying ―I am full‖ is moving the hand in circles over the stomach after a meal.If a person pats his or her stomach before a meal, it usually means ―I am hungry‖.Perhaps the best example of universally understood body language is the smile.A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.A smile can open doors and tear down walls.It can be used to express almost any emotion.We can use a smile to apologize, to greet someone, to ask for help or to start a conversation.We can smile at ourselves in the mirror to make ourselves feel happier and stronger.And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good friend.6.We can get information about a person’s feelings from ________.A.his words B.the way he stands C.the way he folds his arms or move his hands D.both his words and his body language 7.Eye contact ________.A.has different meanings in different cultures B.is rude or disrespectful C.has the same meaning in all the countries D.is a way to show interest 8.A good way of saying ―I’m full.‖ is ________.A.moving the hand in circles over the stomach after a meal B.resting one’s head on the back of one’s hand C.patting the stomach before a meal D.Both A and C 9.The ―crazy‖ gesture means ________ in Brazil.A.great B.the number one C.you have a phone call D.none of above 10.The gesture for OK, making a circle with one’s thumb and index finger, ________.A.all of the following B.means money in Japan C.means zero in France D.has different meanings in different cultures
(3)A man came home from work late again, tired and irritated, to find his 5-year-old son waiting for him at the door.―Daddy, may I ask you a question?‖
―Yeah, sure, what is it?‖ replied the man.―Daddy, how much money do you make an hour?‖
―That’s none of your business!What makes you ask such a thing?‖ the man said angrily.―I just want to know.Please tell me, how much do you make an hour?‖ pleaded the little boy.―If you must know, I make $20.00 an hour.‖
―Oh,‖ the little boy replied, head bowed.Looking up, he said, ―Daddy, may I borrow $10.00 please?‖
The father was furious.―If the only reason you wanted to know how much money I make is just so you can borrow some to buy a silly toy or some other nonsense, then you march yourself straight to your room and go to bed.Think about why you’re being so selfish.I work long, hard hours every day and don’t have time for such childish games.‖
The little boy quietly went to his room and shut the door.The man sat down and started to get even madder about the little boy’s questioning.How dare he ask such questions only to get some money.After an hour or so, the man had calmed down, and started to think he may have been a little hard on his son.Maybe there was something he really needed to buy with that $10.00, and he really didn’t ask for money very often.The man went to the door of the little boy’s room and opened the door.―Are you asleep, son?‖ he asked.―No daddy, I’m awake,‖ replied the boy.―I’ve been thinking, maybe I was too hard on you earlier,‖ said the man.―It’s been a long day and I took my aggravation out on you.Here’s that $10.00 you asked for.‖ The little boy sat straight up, beaming.―Oh, thank you daddy!‖ he yelled.Then, reaching under his pillow, he pulled out some more crumpled up bills.The man, seeing that the boy already had money, started to get angry again.The little boy slowly counted out his money, then looked up at the man.―Why did you want more money if you already had some?‖ the father grumbled.―Because I didn’t have enough, but now I do,‖ the little boy replied.―Daddy, I have $20.00 now.Can I buy an hour of your time?‖ 11.What do you know about the man?
A.He made a lot of money.B.He often came home from work late.C.He often went to work late.D.He spent lots of time taking care of his son.12.Why was the boy waiting for his father at the door?
A.Because he missed his father very much.B.Because he was hungry.C.Because he wanted to borrow some money from his father.D.Because he had good news to tell his father.13.The man went to talk to his son because ________.A.he thought he might have been a little hard on his son.B.he wanted to ask his son some questions.C.he wanted to find out whether his son was asleep or not.D.his son was crying in his bedroom.14.The boy wanted to borrow some money from his father because ________.A.he wanted to buy a toy with the money
B.he wanted to buy a birthday present for himself
C.he didn’t have any money
D.he didn’t have enough money to buy an hour of his father’s time
15.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Parents should give their children some pocket money.B.Parents should not neglect(忽視)their children no matter how busy they are.C.Parents should not be hard on their children.D.Children can buy time from their parents.(4)You may not realize it, but you are doing much more than just studying, when you are at school.School is also the place where you learn to get along well with people.But this is not always easy.What can you do if you just don’t like one of your classmates?
If you discover that you have problems getting along with your classmates or friends, the most important thing to learn is tolerance.Tolerance is the ability to realize and respect the differences in others.We can not change the way that other people do, so it is important to learn to live happily with them.Tolerance will make everyone get on better with each other.Getting to know someone may help you understand why they do things differently.Something different does not exactly mean that it is bad.Tolerance teaches us to keep an even temper and open mind.You need to remember an old saying, ―treat others how you want to be treated‖.You would like to be treated kindly by your classmates, so it is important to treat them kindly too.If you tolerate something, it does not mean that you have to like it.No one is asking you to change who you are or what you believe in.Tolerance just means that you should respect the differences in others and not try to make them change.It is important to practice tolerance, because it will make everyone’s lives easier.Learn to accept people for their different abilities and interests.The world is very different, and practicing tolerance in your own school and city can help make a difference.16.According to the author, what is tolerance? A.Tolerance is the ability that we have to change the way that other people do.B.Tolerance is the ability to realize and respect the differences in others.C.Tolerance is a weapon to fight against the enemy.D.Tolerance is the way to discover whether you have problems getting along with your classmates or friends.17.What does tolerance function(起作用)in getting along with your friends? A.It makes you change who you are and what you believe.B.It can help us understand why people do things differently.C.It warns us to keep an even tempter and open mind.D.It is important for us to learn tolerance.18.Why is tolerance important? A.Because it will make everyone’s lives easier.B.Because it will make everyone get on better with each other.C.Because it teaches us to respect the differences in others and not try to make them change.D.All of the above.19.―Treat others how you want to be treated‖, what does the sentence mean?
A.If you want to be treated kindly, you should treat others kindly too.B.If someone treats you badly, you will treat them kindly.C.You should change yourself to tolerate others.D.Others should change themselves to tolerate you.20.Which of the following is true according to the passage? A.If you tolerate something, you must change yourself.B.Tolerance can make you get on better with your classmates or friends, for it teaches you to keep an even temper and open mind.C.We can live happily with other people by changing the way they do.D.Practicing tolerance can not make any change in your life for the world is different.(5)I found out one time that doing a favor for someone could get you into a lot of trouble.One time when I was taking a final test, the girl next to me whispered something, but I couldn’t understand.So I leaned over her way and found out that she was trying to ask me if I had an extra pen.She showed me that hers was out of ink and would not write.I happened to have an extra one, so I took it out of my pocket and put it on her desk.Later, after we turned in all the test papers, the teacher asked me to stay in the room.As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about what it meant to grow up;she mentioned how important it was to stand on your own feet and be responsible for my own acts.For a long time she talked about honesty and emphasized that when people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves.She made me promise that I wouldn’t think seriously about what she said, and then she told me I could leave.I walked out of the room wondering why she chose to talk to me about all these things.Later on, I found out that she thought I was cheating on the test.I tried to explain about the pen, but what she said was that it seemed very strange to her that I didn’t mention anything about the pen the day she talked to me right after the test.To this day, I am sure she continues to believe that I had cheated on that test.Appearances can be deceiving and it is difficult to know how others will perceive our action.21.Why did the girl say something to me in a low voice? A.Because she wanted to have a look on my paper.B.Because she couldn’t work out the question on the paper.C.Because she wanted to ask me for a pen.D.Because she wanted me to give her the answer to the questions.22.Why did the teacher let me stay after class? A.She wanted to give me a gift.B.She wanted to talk with me.C.She wanted to tell me a story.D.She wanted to make me do some cleaning.23.What did the teacher think about me? A.She thought I was not mature(成熟的).B.She thought I was an honest person.C.She thought I did a right thing.D.She thought I was cheating in the exam.24.Why didn’t the teacher believe that I didn’t cheat on the test? A.She saw I was cheating with her own eyes.B.Someone else told her about it.C.She thought if I didn’t cheat I would tell her the truth of the pen.D.She couldn’t believe anything I said.25.What can you infer(推斷)from the passage? A.We can’t judge from the appearance(表面).B.We shouldn’t help others in the exam.C.We should tell the teacher in time if we help others.D.We shouldn’t cheat on the test.(6)We all have certain habits and we can have good habits or bad habits.This passage gives us some advice on how to be healthy.It tells us what we must do if we want to keep ourselves fit.Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.This is an old English saying.It means that we must go to bed early in the evening and get up early in the morning.Is this true? Perhaps it is.The body must have enough sleep.Children, for instance, need ten hours’ sleep every night.If we do not go to bed early, we cannot have enough sleep.Then we cannot think or do our work properly.We will not be wise or live a comfortable life.Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning.This is not good for them.We must sleep at night when it is dark.The dark helps us to sleep well.When daytime comes, we must get up.It is the time for exercise.Exercise means doing something with the body.Walking, running, jumping, swimming, playing games are all good forms of exercise.If the body is not used, it becomes weak.Exercise keeps it strong.Exercise helps blood to move around inside the body.This is very important.Blood takes food to all parts of our bodies.The brains in our heads also need blood.We think with our brain.If we can keep our bodies healthy, and do exercises, we can think better!Our bodies also need air to breathe.Without air we cannot live.We must have plenty of clean, fresh air to breathe if we want to be in good health.So, people often sleep with their room windows open because they want to have plenty of clean, fresh air to breathe.In brief, you don’t know what happiness is until you lose it;you don’t know what health is until you are ill.―Health is of vital importance to life‖ sounds like a cliché to everyone, but it is absolutely true.26.Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.What does this statement mean? A.If one goes to bed early, he would be a wise man.B.If one gets up early, he would be a wealthy man.C.If one goes to bed early and gets up early, he would be a wealthy man.D.It is very important for us to form healthy habits.27.According to the text, if we don’t have enough sleep, ________.A.we won’t live comfortably B.we will do our work correctly C.we will think properly D.we will be wise 28.Exercise is ________.A.to do something with the body B.to do more homework C.to do more drills(訓(xùn)練)D.to get up early in the morning 29.Why is exercise helpful for health? Because ________.A.it helps us to sleep properly.B.people will die soon if they do not have enough exercises C.it helps take nutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng))to every part of the body with blood circulation(血液循環(huán))D.it helps us to think and do our work properly.30.Why do people often sleep with their room window open? A.Because they want enough clean and fresh air to breathe.B.Because they feel hot at night.C.Because they want to look after their garden.三、英譯漢
1.At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things.If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight.Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little.The panorama of color and action which fills the world is taken for granted.It is human perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as mere convenience rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.2.Which of your feelings do you let other people know about? Which do you keep to yourself? Sometimes it’s a good thing to say what you feel.At other times it’s better to keep quiet about your feelings.Sometimes it’s hard to know exactly what you feel.At other times feelings are so strong that you can not control them.People from different cultures have different ways of dealing with feelings.It is said that English people are cold.If they do feel anything, they will not let other people know.3.The little boy quietly went to his room and shut the door.The man sat down and started to get even madder about the little boy’s questioning.How dare he ask such questions only to get some money.After an hour or so, the man had calmed down, and started to think he may have been a little hard on his son.Maybe there was something he really needed to buy with that $10.00, and he really didn’t ask for money very often.The man went to the door of the little boy’s room and opened the door.―Are you asleep, son?‖ he asked.4.One hot summer day, Professor Rudd decided to take his children to the beach.The seaside town he planned to visit was a three-hour train ride away.To make the trip more interesting for his young children, he kept the name of the town a secret.Unfortunately, by the time Rudd had arrived at the train station, the poor forgetful man had forgotten the name of his destination himself.Luckily, a friend of his happened to be in the station.He offered to take care of the children while Rudd went back home to find out where he was going.5.The home of bees is called a bee-hive.Here hundreds — even thousands — of bees live.They work day and night building small walls of wax.Here they make their honey.This is the same honey that we eat.Where does the honey come from? Bees live on food from flowers.Have you ever seen bees flying around a flower garden? When a bee rests on a flower, it tries to go to the center of it.There it takes in as much food as its body can hold.Then it carries the food back to the hive.6.How do bees know where to find the best food in the sweetest flowers? One bee acts as a guide.When it discovers good flowers, it flies back to the hive to tell the others.It does this by dancing for them.The bee dances on one side.This tells the other bees which way to go to find the flowers, but that is not all.The bee dances for some time, and the length of its dance tells the other bees how far they must fly to reach the flowers.When the other bees see the dance, they know where the flowers are.They fly away and return with more food for the hive.
第二篇：2011年在職研究生入學(xué)考試各科練習(xí)題
各科練習(xí)題
說(shuō)明：此練習(xí)題僅供輔導(dǎo)教師和考生在復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中進(jìn)行練習(xí)及掌握考試題型之用，不是復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)考生按照大綱進(jìn)行全面復(fù)習(xí)。
政治理論
一、概念解釋題
哲學(xué)的基本問(wèn)題、商品、抽象勞動(dòng)、價(jià)值規(guī)律、剩余價(jià)值、可變資本、實(shí)踐、人民內(nèi)部矛盾、黨的三大優(yōu)良作風(fēng)、和平共處五項(xiàng)原則、感性認(rèn)識(shí)、理性認(rèn)識(shí)、主要矛盾、矛盾的普遍性、民主集中制、社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值體系
二、辨析題
1．實(shí)踐性是馬克思主義哲學(xué)的唯一特點(diǎn)。
2．對(duì)新事物要肯定一切，對(duì)舊事物要否定一切。
3．具體勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)造使用價(jià)值，抽象勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)造價(jià)值，所以它們是兩類獨(dú)立存在的勞動(dòng)。
4．市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)以市場(chǎng)作為資源配置的基礎(chǔ)性手段，但它并不排斥國(guó)家對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的宏觀調(diào)控。
5．發(fā)展才是硬道理，這里所說(shuō)的―發(fā)展‖是指經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。
6．馬克思主義認(rèn)識(shí)論是以實(shí)踐為基礎(chǔ)的能動(dòng)的革命的反映論。7．內(nèi)因和外因作為同時(shí)存在的內(nèi)部和外部的聯(lián)系，對(duì)事物發(fā)展起著相同的作用。8．社會(huì)主義公有制的實(shí)現(xiàn)形式可以而且應(yīng)當(dāng)多樣化。9．革命是解放生產(chǎn)力，改革是發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力。
10．中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作與政治協(xié)商制度是中國(guó)的一項(xiàng)基本政治制度。
11、改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定三者之間的關(guān)系是辯證統(tǒng)一的。
12、實(shí)踐作為檢驗(yàn)真理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，既是絕對(duì)的又是相對(duì)的，是確定性和不確定性的統(tǒng)一。
13、社會(huì)主義民主政治只是為社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)服務(wù)的有力手段。14.未來(lái)社會(huì)是一個(gè)自由人聯(lián)合體。
15.代表中國(guó)最廣大人民的根本利益，必須妥善處理人民內(nèi)部的各種利益關(guān)系。16.我們黨的執(zhí)政地位不是一勞永逸、一成不變的。
三、簡(jiǎn)答題
1.簡(jiǎn)述馬克思主義產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)歷史條件。2.馬克思主義的三個(gè)理論來(lái)源是什么？
3.馬克思根據(jù)社會(huì)關(guān)系的歷史發(fā)展與人的個(gè)性發(fā)展的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系把人的發(fā)展劃分為哪三個(gè)大的歷史階段？
4.簡(jiǎn)述馬克思對(duì)生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)之間關(guān)系的論述。5.列寧是如何論述唯心主義的認(rèn)識(shí)論根源的？
6.列寧是如何論證對(duì)立統(tǒng)一規(guī)律是辯證法的核心和實(shí)質(zhì)的？
7.列寧關(guān)于辯證法和形而上學(xué)兩種發(fā)展觀的論述。8.毛澤東是如何論述社會(huì)主義社會(huì)基本矛盾的？ 9.簡(jiǎn)述毛澤東關(guān)于人的自覺能動(dòng)性的論述。
10.毛澤東是如何闡述“一般和個(gè)別相結(jié)合”工作方法的？ 11.如何理解毛澤東提出的“獨(dú)立自主”方針？
12.鄧小平是如何論述解放思想與實(shí)事求是二者之間關(guān)系的？
13.鄧小平關(guān)于我國(guó)處在社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段這個(gè)重要論斷的基本涵義是什么？ 14.為什么說(shuō)社會(huì)主義和市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)不存在根本矛盾？
15.為什么說(shuō)沒有民主就沒有社會(huì)主義，就沒有社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化？ 16.科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的基本內(nèi)涵是什么？
四、論述題
1.馬克思關(guān)于資本主義積累的歷史趨勢(shì)的論述及其重大意義。
2.列寧關(guān)于“利用資本主義，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義”的思想及其重大意義。3.鄧小平對(duì)社會(huì)主義根本任務(wù)的論述及其重大意義。
4.運(yùn)用歷史唯物主義關(guān)于社會(huì)存在與社會(huì)意識(shí)辯證關(guān)系的原理說(shuō)明大力發(fā)展社會(huì)主義先進(jìn)文化，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義精神文明的重大意義。
5.論如何把代表最廣大人民根本利益的要求落到實(shí)處。
6.毛澤東“關(guān)于事物矛盾問(wèn)題的精髓”的論述及其重大意義。7.論黨的群眾路線及其重大意義。
8.論鄧小平關(guān)于“一國(guó)兩制”的構(gòu)想及其重大意義。
現(xiàn)代管理學(xué)
一、概念解釋題
一般意義上的管理、管理的系統(tǒng)觀念、管理的人本性、管理客體的系統(tǒng)性、確定型決策、管理的權(quán)變觀念、管理的戰(zhàn)略觀念、磋商激勵(lì)、不確定型決策、輿論監(jiān)督、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)型決策、尊重激勵(lì)、管理藝術(shù)、審計(jì)監(jiān)督、經(jīng)濟(jì)監(jiān)督、管理的經(jīng)濟(jì)方法
二、辨析題
1、管理的二重性是指管理過(guò)程中既有科學(xué)性又有藝術(shù)性。
2、管理幅度與管理層次呈正比例關(guān)系，即管理幅度越大，管理層次越多；管理幅度越小，管理層次越少。
3、按管理者的職責(zé)，可分為高層管理者、中層管理者和基層管理者。
4、管理機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)要堅(jiān)持精簡(jiǎn)效能的原則。
5、管理就是以信息處理為中心。
6、以實(shí)現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)的途徑分類，可分為企業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、地區(qū)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、部門發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和領(lǐng)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。
7、管理的權(quán)變觀念強(qiáng)調(diào)權(quán)宜應(yīng)變的科學(xué)性。
8、經(jīng)濟(jì)監(jiān)督就是指的財(cái)政監(jiān)督，即預(yù)算監(jiān)督、預(yù)算外資金監(jiān)督和財(cái)務(wù)監(jiān)督。
9、有了管理的主體和管理的客體，就可以構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的管理活動(dòng)。
10、管理的權(quán)變觀念的核心內(nèi)容，就在于管理效果完全取決于組織與環(huán)境之間的適應(yīng)性。
11、一切管理客體都是客觀存在的事務(wù)，因此一切客觀事物都可以成為管理的客體。
12、系統(tǒng)理論認(rèn)為，自然界和人類社會(huì)所構(gòu)成的一切系統(tǒng)都是開放的。
13、管理的擇優(yōu)觀念就是堅(jiān)持選擇最優(yōu)和最佳的方案，以及最優(yōu)的管理方法。
14、管理過(guò)程的最后一項(xiàng)職能是評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)價(jià)既是管理過(guò)程的歸宿，又是管理過(guò)程的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。
15、宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，是國(guó)家中央政府為調(diào)控經(jīng)濟(jì)的有序和有效運(yùn)行而制定的，因而它的調(diào)節(jié)作用是直接的。
16、經(jīng)濟(jì)方法運(yùn)用的主要形式，就是通過(guò)市場(chǎng)來(lái)進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)要素的基礎(chǔ)性配置。
三、簡(jiǎn)答題
1、什么是管理的創(chuàng)新性？
2、管理者應(yīng)具備的職責(zé)是什么？
3、為什么要樹立組織適應(yīng)環(huán)境的觀念？ 4、20世紀(jì)60年代興起的系統(tǒng)管理學(xué)派，認(rèn)為系統(tǒng)管理有什么特點(diǎn)？
5、為什么說(shuō)決策是管理工作的核心？
6、簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明監(jiān)督的功能。
7、去年以來(lái)，中央銀行多次提高了存款準(zhǔn)備金率，這種舉措屬于哪個(gè)管理方法？對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)控有什么作用？
8、現(xiàn)代管理所講的決策是廣義的決策。理解廣義決策應(yīng)把握哪些要點(diǎn)？
9、管理機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)為什么要堅(jiān)持責(zé)、權(quán)、利相一致的原則？
10、目標(biāo)管理和傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)劃管理的主要區(qū)別是什么?
11、簡(jiǎn)述激勵(lì)的作用。
12、為什么說(shuō)決策是各級(jí)管理者的主要職責(zé)？
13、為什么要堅(jiān)持超前監(jiān)督的原則？
14、簡(jiǎn)述實(shí)施的特點(diǎn)。
15、為什么要堅(jiān)持評(píng)價(jià)的激勵(lì)性原則？
16、權(quán)變觀念在管理中有什么作用？
四、論述題
1、人類社會(huì)的任何管理活動(dòng)都有其一定的目的，即要達(dá)到一定的目標(biāo)。因此，制定科學(xué)先進(jìn)的和切實(shí)可行的管理目標(biāo)是非常重要的。請(qǐng)您結(jié)合我們的工作實(shí)際，談?wù)勚贫繕?biāo)應(yīng)遵循的原則。
2、對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展等各個(gè)方面作出重大決策，是管理者特別是管理的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的重要職責(zé)，是管理工作的核心。決策正確與否，直接影響到經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)的發(fā)展水平和效率的高低。這方面，不論是企業(yè)還是地方各級(jí)政府，都有著成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和失敗的教訓(xùn)。請(qǐng)您結(jié)合實(shí)際，說(shuō)明科學(xué)決策應(yīng)遵循的原則。
3、管理過(guò)程結(jié)束以后，需要對(duì)其所獲得的管理成績(jī)和效果進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的評(píng)價(jià)，從中汲取經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)，以不斷提高管理工作的水平。但在現(xiàn)實(shí)工作實(shí)踐中，不少管理者往往對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)這一環(huán)節(jié)有所忽視，或者說(shuō)重視不夠。請(qǐng)您結(jié)合實(shí)際，談?wù)勗u(píng)價(jià)在管理中的作用。
4、現(xiàn)代管理活動(dòng)中，復(fù)雜多變的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)及政治環(huán)境，要求管理者必須“高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚”，把握事物未來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；必須“胸有全局”，把握事物內(nèi)部和外部的本質(zhì)聯(lián)系。所謂“高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚”、“胸有全局”，就是指管理主體要確立管理的戰(zhàn)略觀念。請(qǐng)您聯(lián)系實(shí)際，談?wù)劥_立戰(zhàn)略觀念在現(xiàn)代管理中的地位和作用。
5、決策并不是簡(jiǎn)單的“拍板定案”，而是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的科學(xué)過(guò)程，要按照和遵循一定的程序進(jìn)行?，F(xiàn)實(shí)工作中，有一些管理者對(duì)這一科學(xué)程序重視不夠，有的知之甚少。為了保證決策的科學(xué)化和民主化，請(qǐng)您說(shuō)明決策過(guò)程中所要遵循的程序。
6、在過(guò)去漫長(zhǎng)的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代里，我們習(xí)慣于用行政方法管理經(jīng)濟(jì)。但在今天的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下，固然也離不開行政的方法，但它有明顯的局限性，過(guò)分地運(yùn)用它，會(huì)妨礙經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。請(qǐng)您結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)，談?wù)勑姓椒ǖ木窒扌砸约叭绾握_地運(yùn)用行政方法。
7、管理活動(dòng)的效果和效率，很大程度上取決于管理中的人，特別是作為管理主體的人。如何用人，既是一門科學(xué)，更是一門藝術(shù)。請(qǐng)您結(jié)合自己的工作實(shí)際，談?wù)動(dòng)萌说乃囆g(shù)。
8、近年來(lái)，中央一再提出以人為本、執(zhí)政為民的理念，強(qiáng)調(diào)重視和優(yōu)先解決民生問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)您聯(lián)系實(shí)際，說(shuō)明為什么要樹立以人為本的管理觀念，即樹立人本觀念的必然性。
英語(yǔ)
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1.When I was young, I ________ to school every day.A.was walking B.walked C.had walked D.had been walking 2.Continuing education classes give some adults the chance ________ new skills.A.learn
B.to be learning
C.to learn
D.to have learned 3.Because of ________ you have done, things become much worse.A.that
B.whom
C.which
D.what 4.These questions ____C__ at tomorrow’s meeting.A.have been discussed
B.had been discussed C.will be discussed
D.shall be discussed
5.It is ____ in spring than in autumn.A.warmer
B.more warm
C.warmest
D.most warm 6.Miss White has been a secretary __________.A.every year
B.since 1997 C.ten years ago
D.in 1997 7.I called on her and found that she ________.A.went abroad
B.go abroad C.had gone abroad
D.has gone abroad 8 Telephone ________ in our everyday life.A.being used
B.uses C.is used
D.is using 9 The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ________.A.hear of
B.to hear C.hearing from
D.heard 10.The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A.first playing
B.to be first played
C.first played
D.to be first playing 11.When they arrived, the game ________.A.already start B.already started C.have already started D.had already started 12.Those books ________ to the library next Monday.A.can return
B.can be returned C.can returned
D.can return to 13.I’m sorry, but smoking ________ here.A.is allowed
B.is not allowed C.will be allowed
D.will not allow 14.They got to the bus station ________ than you did.A.more late
B.later C.more later
D.late 15.He talked of the people and books ________ interested him.A.who
B.whose
C.that
D.whom 16.Excuse ________, may I ask you a question? A.I
B.my
C.me
D.us
17.They never knew that pollution ________ a big problem.A.become
B.would become C.is going to
D.does become 18.You ________ where you leave your things.A.always forgets B.forget C.will always forget D.are always forgetting 19.He doesn’t live in the city, ________ ?.A.isn’t he
B.doesn’t he C.is he
D.does he 20.Now she is leaving London.She has stayed here ________.A.after 1980 B.in 1980 C.for 1980 D.since 1980 21.________ meeting will be put off(推遲)till next Monday.A.Tomorrow’s
B.Tomorrows’ C.Tomorrow
D.Tomorrows 22.The house ________ is very nice, but the compound(院子)is too small.A.himself
B.herself
C.itself
D.oneself 23.I told him not to go, but he ________ not listen.A.will B.would C.shall D.should 24.This time last year, Tom ________ with his friends in London.A.stayed
B.was staying C.is staying
D.stays 25.Let’s ________ and get something to eat.A.to go
B.go
C.going
D.goes 26.When they arrived at the airport, the plane ________.A.already take off B.already took off C.have already taken off D.had already taken off 27.Those books ________ to the library next Monday.A.can return
B.can be returned C.can returned
D.can return to 28.They got to the airport ________ than you did.A.more late
B.later C.more later
D.late 29.He talked of the people and books ________ interested him.A.who
B.whose
C.that
D.whom 30.He was writing an e-mail ________ I was watch TV in the hotel room.A.as soon as
B.after C.until
D.while
二、閱讀理解
(1)I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight, silence would teach him the joys of sound.Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see.Recently I was visited by a very good friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and I asked her what she had observed.―Nothing is particular,‖ she replied.I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses, for long ago I became convinced that the seeing see little.How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch.I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf.I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, of the rough bark of a pine.In spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud, the first sign of awakening nature after her winter’s sleep.Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel the happy quiver of a bird in full song.I am delighted to have the cool waters of a brook rush through my open fingers.To me the pageant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips.At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things.If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight.Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little.The panorama of color and action which fills the world is taken for granted.It is human perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as mere convenience rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.If I were president of a university, I should establish a compulsory course in ―How to Use Your Eyes‖.The professor would try to show his pupils how they could add joy to their lives by really seeing what passes unnoticed before them.He would try to awake their dormant and sluggish faculties.1.According to the text, it would be a blessing if________.A.every human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life
B.every human being is stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life C.every human being is stricken blind and deaf D.every human being were stricken blind and deaf 2.Which of the following is the author’s opinion about the seeing people? A.Most of the seeing people see little.B.The seeing people cherished their gift of sight very much.C.The seeing people use their power of sight to the full.D.The seeing people use their gift of sight as a means of adding color to life.3.The author could not see by sight, but she ______.A.could find hundreds of things to interest her through mere touch B.knew more than the seeing
C.was very optimistic and could ―see‖ more than the seeing D.both A and C
4.According to the text, why would it be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life? A.Because darkness would make him more appreciative of sight, and silence would teach him the joys of sound.B.Because people seldom cherish what they have and if they lose what they have for a short time they would cherish what they have much more.C.Because people are always longing for what they don’t have.D.both A and B 5.We can infer from the text that _______.A.though the author was blind, she loved life and she knew well how to add fullness to life B.the author was a president of a university C.the author established a compulsory course in ―How to Use Your Eyes‖ D.the author appreciated little what she had and longed for what she had not.（2)We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions and to communicate with other people.We can learn a lot about what a person is thinking by watching his or her body language.Words are important, but the way a person stands, folds his or her arms, or moves his or her hands can also give us information about his or her feelings.Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.Making eye contact – looking directly into someone’s eyes – is in some counties a way to show interest.In other countries, however, eye contact is rude or disrespectful.The gesture of OK, making a circle with one’s thumb and index finger, has different meanings in different cultures.In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.In France, a person seeing the same gesture will think it means zero.In Brazil and Germany, however, the gesture is rude.The thumbs-up gesture, meaning ―great‖ or ―good job‖ in the US, is rude in Nigeria, but in Germany and Japan it means the number one.The ―crazy‖ gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means ―you have a phone call‖ in Brazil.While there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal.A good way of saying ―I am full‖ is moving the hand in circles over the stomach after a meal.If a person pats his or her stomach before a meal, it usually means ―I am hungry‖.Perhaps the best example of universally understood body language is the smile.A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.A smile can open doors and tear down walls.It can be used to express almost any emotion.We can use a smile to apologize, to greet someone, to ask for help or to start a conversation.We can smile at ourselves in the mirror to make ourselves feel happier and stronger.And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good friend.6.We can get information about a person’s feelings from ________.A.his words B.the way he stands C.the way he folds his arms or move his hands D.both his words and his body language 7.Eye contact ________.A.has different meanings in different cultures B.is rude or disrespectful
C.has the same meaning in all the countries D.is a way to show interest 8.A good way of saying ―I’m full.‖ is ________.A.moving the hand in circles over the stomach after a meal B.resting one’s head on the back of one’s hand C.patting the stomach before a meal D.Both A and C 9.The ―crazy‖ gesture means ________ in Brazil.A.great B.the number one C.you have a phone call D.none of above 10.The gesture for OK, making a circle with one’s thumb and index finger, ________.A.all of the following B.means money in Japan C.means zero in France D.has different meanings in different cultures
(3)A man came home from work late again, tired and irritated, to find his 5-year-old son waiting for him at the door.―Daddy, may I ask you a question?‖
―Yeah, sure, what is it?‖ replied the man.―Daddy, how much money do you make an hour?‖
―That’s none of your business!What makes you ask such a thing?‖ the man said angrily.―I just want to know.Please tell me, how much do you make an hour?‖ pleaded the little boy.―If you must know, I make $20.00 an hour.‖
―Oh,‖ the little boy replied, head bowed.Looking up, he said, ―Daddy, may I borrow $10.00 please?‖
The father was furious.―If the only reason you wanted to know how much money I make is just so you can borrow some to buy a silly toy or some other nonsense, then you march yourself straight to your room and go to bed.Think about why you’re being so selfish.I work long, hard hours every day and don’t have time for such childish games.‖
The little boy quietly went to his room and shut the door.The man sat down and started to get even madder about the little boy’s questioning.How dare he ask such questions only to get some money.After an hour or so, the man had calmed down, and started to think he may have been a little hard on his son.Maybe there was something he really needed to buy with that $10.00, and he really
didn’t ask for money very often.The man went to the door of the little boy’s room and opened the door.―Are you asleep, son?‖ he asked.―No daddy, I’m awake,‖ replied the boy.―I’ve been thinking, maybe I was too hard on you earlier,‖ said the man.―It’s been a long day and I took my aggravation out on you.Here’s that $10.00 you asked for.‖ The little boy sat straight up, beaming.―Oh, thank you daddy!‖ he yelled.Then, reaching under his pillow, he pulled out some more crumpled up bills.The man, seeing that the boy already had money, started to get angry again.The little boy slowly counted out his money, then looked up at the man.―Why did you want more money if you already had some?‖ the father grumbled.―Because I didn’t have enough, but now I do,‖ the little boy replied.―Daddy, I have $20.00 now.Can I buy an hour of your time?‖ 11.What do you know about the man?
A.He made a lot of money.B.He often came home from work late.C.He often went to work late.D.He spent lots of time taking care of his son.12.Why was the boy waiting for his father at the door?
A.Because he missed his father very much.B.Because he was hungry.C.Because he wanted to borrow some money from his father.D.Because he had good news to tell his father.13.The man went to talk to his son because ________.A.he thought he might have been a little hard on his son.B.he wanted to ask his son some questions.C.he wanted to find out whether his son was asleep or not.D.his son was crying in his bedroom.14.The boy wanted to borrow some money from his father because ________.A.he wanted to buy a toy with the money
B.he wanted to buy a birthday present for himself
C.he didn’t have any money
D.he didn’t have enough money to buy an hour of his father’s time
15.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Parents should give their children some pocket money.B.Parents should not neglect(忽視)their children no matter how busy they are.C.Parents should not be hard on their children.D.Children can buy time from their parents.(4)You may not realize it, but you are doing much more than just studying, when you are at school.School is also the place where you learn to get along well with people.But this is not always easy.What can you do if you just don’t like one of your classmates?
If you discover that you have problems getting along with your classmates or friends, the most important thing to learn is tolerance.Tolerance is the ability to realize and respect the differences in others.We can not change the way that other people do, so it is important to learn to live happily with them.Tolerance will make everyone get on better with each other.Getting to know someone may help you understand why they do things differently.Something different does not exactly mean that it is bad.Tolerance teaches us to keep an even temper and open mind.You need to remember an old saying, ―treat others how you want to be treated‖.You would like to be treated kindly by your classmates, so it is important to treat them kindly too.If you tolerate something, it does not mean that you have to like it.No one is asking you to change who you are or what you believe in.Tolerance just means that you should respect the differences in others and not try to make them change.It is important to practice tolerance, because it will make everyone’s lives easier.Learn to accept people for their different abilities and interests.The world is very different, and practicing tolerance in your own school and city can help make a difference.16.According to the author, what is tolerance? A.Tolerance is the ability that we have to change the way that other people do.B.Tolerance is the ability to realize and respect the differences in others.C.Tolerance is a weapon to fight against the enemy.D.Tolerance is the way to discover whether you have problems getting along with your classmates or friends.17.What does tolerance function(起作用)in getting along with your friends? A.It makes you change who you are and what you believe.B.It can help us understand why people do things differently.C.It warns us to keep an even tempter and open mind.D.It is important for us to learn tolerance.18.Why is tolerance important? A.Because it will make everyone’s lives easier.B.Because it will make everyone get on better with each other.C.Because it teaches us to respect the differences in others and not try to make them change.D.All of the above.19.―Treat others how you want to be treated‖, what does the sentence mean?
A.If you want to be treated kindly, you should treat others kindly too.B.If someone treats you badly, you will treat them kindly.C.You should change yourself to tolerate others.D.Others should change themselves to tolerate you.20.Which of the following is true according to the passage? A.If you tolerate something, you must change yourself.B.Tolerance can make you get on better with your classmates or friends, for it teaches you to keep an even temper and open mind.C.We can live happily with other people by changing the way they do.D.Practicing tolerance can not make any change in your life for the world is different.(5)I found out one time that doing a favor for someone could get you into a lot of trouble.One time when I was taking a final test, the girl next to me whispered something, but I couldn’t understand.So I leaned over her way and found out that she was trying to ask me if I had an extra pen.She showed me that hers was out of ink and would not write.I happened to have an extra one, so I took it out of my pocket and put it on her desk.Later, after we turned in all the test papers, the teacher asked me to stay in the room.As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about what it meant to grow up;she mentioned how important it was to stand on your own feet and be responsible for my own acts.For a long time she talked about honesty and emphasized that when people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves.She made me promise that I wouldn’t think seriously about what she said, and then she told me I could leave.I walked out of the room wondering why she chose to talk to me about all these things.Later on, I found out that she thought I was cheating on the test.I tried to explain about the pen, but what she said was that it seemed very strange to her that I didn’t mention anything about the pen the day she talked to me right after the test.To this day, I am sure she continues to believe that I had cheated on that test.Appearances can be deceiving and it is difficult to know how others will perceive our action.21.Why did the girl say something to me in a low voice? A.Because she wanted to have a look on my paper.B.Because she couldn’t work out the question on the paper.C.Because she wanted to ask me for a pen.D.Because she wanted me to give her the answer to the questions.22.Why did the teacher let me stay after class? A.She wanted to give me a gift.B.She wanted to talk with me.C.She wanted to tell me a story.D.She wanted to make me do some cleaning.23.What did the teacher think about me? A.She thought I was not mature(成熟的).B.She thought I was an honest person.C.She thought I did a right thing.D.She thought I was cheating in the exam.24.Why didn’t the teacher believe that I didn’t cheat on the test? A.She saw I was cheating with her own eyes.B.Someone else told her about it.C.She thought if I didn’t cheat I would tell her the truth of the pen.D.She couldn’t believe anything I said.25.What can you infer(推斷)from the passage? A.We can’t judge from the appearance(表面).B.We shouldn’t help others in the exam.C.We should tell the teacher in time if we help others.D.We shouldn’t cheat on the test.(6)We all have certain habits and we can have good habits or bad habits.This passage gives us some advice on how to be healthy.It tells us what we must do if we want to keep ourselves fit.Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.This is an old English saying.It means that we must go to bed early in the evening and get up early in the morning.Is this true? Perhaps it is.The body must have enough sleep.Children, for instance, need ten hours’ sleep every night.If we do not go to bed early, we cannot have enough sleep.Then we cannot think or do our work properly.We will not be wise or live a comfortable life.Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning.This is not good for them.We
must sleep at night when it is dark.The dark helps us to sleep well.When daytime comes, we must get up.It is the time for exercise.Exercise means doing something with the body.Walking, running, jumping, swimming, playing games are all good forms of exercise.If the body is not used, it becomes weak.Exercise keeps it strong.Exercise helps blood to move around inside the body.This is very important.Blood takes food to all parts of our bodies.The brains in our heads also need blood.We think with our brain.If we can keep our bodies healthy, and do exercises, we can think better!Our bodies also need air to breathe.Without air we cannot live.We must have plenty of clean, fresh air to breathe if we want to be in good health.So, people often sleep with their room windows open because they want to have plenty of clean, fresh air to breathe.In brief, you don’t know what happiness is until you lose it;you don’t know what health is until you are ill.―Health is of vital importance to life‖ sounds like a cliché to everyone, but it is absolutely true.26.Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.What does this statement mean? A.If one goes to bed early, he would be a wise man.B.If one gets up early, he would be a wealthy man.C.If one goes to bed early and gets up early, he would be a wealthy man.D.It is very important for us to form healthy habits.27.According to the text, if we don’t have enough sleep, ________.A.we won’t live comfortably B.we will do our work correctly C.we will think properly D.we will be wise 28.Exercise is ________.A.to do something with the body B.to do more homework C.to do more drills(訓(xùn)練)D.to get up early in the morning 29.Why is exercise helpful for health? Because ________.A.it helps us to sleep properly.B.people will die soon if they do not have enough exercises C.it helps take nutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng))to every part of the body with blood circulation(血液循環(huán))
D.it helps us to think and do our work properly.30.Why do people often sleep with their room window open? A.Because they want enough clean and fresh air to breathe.B.Because they feel hot at night.C.Because they want to look after their garden.三、英譯漢
1.At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things.If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight.Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little.The panorama of color and action which fills the world is taken for granted.It is human perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as mere convenience rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.2.Which of your feelings do you let other people know about? Which do you keep to yourself? Sometimes it’s a good thing to say what you feel.At other times it’s better to keep quiet about your feelings.Sometimes it’s hard to know exactly what you feel.At other times feelings are so strong that you can not control them.People from different cultures have different ways of dealing with feelings.It is said that English people are cold.If they do feel anything, they will not let other people know.3.The little boy quietly went to his room and shut the door.The man sat down and started to get even madder about the little boy’s questioning.How dare he ask such questions only to get some money.After an hour or so, the man had calmed down, and started to think he may have been a little hard on his son.Maybe there was something he really needed to buy with that $10.00, and he really didn’t ask for money very often.The man went to the door of the little boy’s room and opened the door.―Are you asleep, son?‖ he asked.4.One hot summer day, Professor Rudd decided to take his children to the beach.The seaside town he planned to visit was a three-hour train ride away.To make the trip more interesting for his young children, he kept the name of the town a secret.Unfortunately, by the time Rudd had arrived at the train station, the poor forgetful man had forgotten the name of his destination himself.Luckily, a friend of his happened to be in the station.He offered to take care of the children while Rudd went back home to find out where he was going.5.The home of bees is called a bee-hive.Here hundreds — even thousands — of bees live.They work day and night building small walls of wax.Here they make their honey.This is the same honey that we eat.Where does the honey come from? Bees live on food from flowers.Have you ever seen bees flying around a flower garden? When a bee rests on a flower, it tries to go to the center of it.There it takes in as much food as its body can hold.Then it carries the food back to the hive.6.How do bees know where to find the best food in the sweetest flowers? One bee acts as a guide.When it discovers good flowers, it flies back to the hive to tell the others.It does this by dancing for them.The bee dances on one side.This tells the other bees which way to go to find the flowers, but that is not all.The bee dances for some time, and the length of its dance tells the other bees how far they must fly to reach the flowers.When the other bees see the dance, they know where the flowers are.They fly away and return with more food for the hive.
第三篇：山東省委黨校2014年在職研究生入學(xué)考試練習(xí)題
說(shuō)明：此練習(xí)題僅供輔導(dǎo)教師和考生在復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中進(jìn)行練習(xí)及掌握考試題型之用。要取得好成績(jī)，請(qǐng)考生按照大綱進(jìn)行全面系統(tǒng)復(fù)習(xí)。
《政治理論》練習(xí)題
一、概念解釋題
1．貨幣
2.商品
3.資本
4.剩余價(jià)值
5．抽象勞動(dòng)
6.可變資本
7.價(jià)值規(guī)律
8.哲學(xué)基本問(wèn)題 9.主要矛盾
10.理性認(rèn)識(shí)
11.毛澤東思想活的靈魂
12.群眾路線
13.生態(tài)文明
14.一國(guó)兩制
15.協(xié)商民主
16.循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)
17.和諧文化
18.和平共處五項(xiàng)原則
二、辨析題
1．實(shí)踐是認(rèn)識(shí)的最終目的。
2．對(duì)新事物要肯定一切，對(duì)舊事物要否定一切。3．勞動(dòng)是創(chuàng)造商品價(jià)值的唯一源泉。
4．具體勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)造使用價(jià)值，抽象勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)造價(jià)值，所以它們是兩類獨(dú)立存在的勞動(dòng)。
5．資本主義工資就是雇傭工人勞動(dòng)的價(jià)格。
6．科學(xué)發(fā)展觀第一要義是發(fā)展，這里所說(shuō)的―發(fā)展‖是指經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。7．馬克思主義認(rèn)識(shí)論是以實(shí)踐為基礎(chǔ)的能動(dòng)的革命的反映論。8．以人為本就是以人民群眾為發(fā)展的根本動(dòng)力。
9．以人為本、執(zhí)政為民是檢驗(yàn)黨一切執(zhí)政活動(dòng)的最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
10.協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展就是要求平均發(fā)展。
11．革命是解放生產(chǎn)力，改革是發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力。
12．中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作與政治協(xié)商制度是中國(guó)的一項(xiàng)基本政治制度。
13．按勞分配與按生產(chǎn)要素分配是根本對(duì)立的分配原則。
14．市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)以市場(chǎng)作為資源配置的決定性手段，但并不排斥國(guó)家對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的宏觀調(diào)控。
15．社會(huì)主義民主政治只是為社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)服務(wù)的有力手段。16.未來(lái)社會(huì)是一個(gè)自由人聯(lián)合體。17.建設(shè)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義民主政治最根本的是要把堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、人們當(dāng)家作主和依法治國(guó)有機(jī)統(tǒng)一起來(lái)。
18.強(qiáng)調(diào)維護(hù)社會(huì)公平正義就是劫富濟(jì)貧搞平均主義。
三、簡(jiǎn)答題
1.馬克思主義的三個(gè)思想理論來(lái)源是什么？ 2.簡(jiǎn)述資本主義生產(chǎn)方式的絕對(duì)規(guī)律。3.簡(jiǎn)述馬克思關(guān)于資本的特殊性質(zhì)的論述。4.簡(jiǎn)述馬克思對(duì)生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)之間關(guān)系的論述 5.簡(jiǎn)述馬克思關(guān)于勞動(dòng)力價(jià)值的論述。6.什么是唯物辯證法的三大規(guī)律？
7.列寧是如何論述唯心主義的認(rèn)識(shí)論根源的？ 8.列寧關(guān)于辯證法和形而上學(xué)兩種發(fā)展觀的論述。9.簡(jiǎn)述毛澤東關(guān)于黨的三大優(yōu)良作風(fēng)的概括。
10.解析鄧小平關(guān)于我國(guó)處在社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段這個(gè)重要論斷的基本涵義。11.鄧小平是如何論述解放思想與實(shí)事求是二者之間關(guān)系的？ 12.中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的三大基本問(wèn)題是什么？ 13.為什么說(shuō)沒有民主就沒有社會(huì)主義？
14.黨的十八大報(bào)告關(guān)于中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路、中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義理論體系、中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度三者相互關(guān)系的論述。
15.什么是中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的總依據(jù)、總布局、總?cè)蝿?wù)？ 16.為什么說(shuō)社會(huì)主義和市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)不存在根本矛盾？
17.黨的十八屆三中全會(huì)提出的全面深化改革的總目標(biāo)是什么？ 18.全面深化經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的核心問(wèn)題是什么？
四、論述題
1．馬克思關(guān)于價(jià)值規(guī)律的論述及其重大意義。
2．論馬克思“兩個(gè)必然”和“兩個(gè)決不會(huì)”的思想及其重大意義。3．馬克思關(guān)于資本基本構(gòu)成的論述及其重大意義。
4．列寧關(guān)于“利用資本主義，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義”的思想及其重大意義。5．毛澤東關(guān)于“社會(huì)主義社會(huì)基本矛盾”的論述及其重大意義。
6．毛澤東“關(guān)于事物矛盾問(wèn)題精髓”的論述及其重大意義。7．鄧小平的社會(huì)主義本質(zhì)論及其重大意義。8．試論依法治國(guó)是社會(huì)主義民主政治的基本要求。
9．試論先進(jìn)文化是社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的重要保證。
《現(xiàn)代管理學(xué)》練習(xí)題
一、概念題
1、從一般意義上來(lái)定義管理
2、管理的綜合性特征
3、管理主體
4、管理客體
5、管理機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)類型中的直線職能制
6、管理目標(biāo)
7、管理的人本觀念
8、管理的系統(tǒng)觀念
9、管理的戰(zhàn)略觀念
10、管理的權(quán)變觀念
11、不確定型決策
12、實(shí)施過(guò)程中的激勵(lì)
13、贊揚(yáng)激勵(lì)
14、溝通激勵(lì)
15、現(xiàn)代管理中的監(jiān)督
16、審計(jì)監(jiān)督
17、現(xiàn)代管理中的評(píng)價(jià)
18、現(xiàn)代管理方法中的經(jīng)濟(jì)方法
二、辨析題
1、任何管理都由以下因素構(gòu)成：管理主體、管理客體、管理目的、管理職能和方法、管理環(huán)境。
2、在管理實(shí)際中，管理的科學(xué)性和藝術(shù)性是統(tǒng)一的。
3、管理幅度和管理層次成正比例關(guān)系，即管理幅度越大，管理層次越多；管理幅度越小，管理層次越少。
4、可控性或稱可管理性是管理客體的重要特征。
5、管理目標(biāo)具有評(píng)價(jià)作用。
6、管理就是以信息處理為中心。
7、管理目標(biāo)的分類，按管理的職能分，可分為經(jīng)濟(jì)管理目標(biāo)、行政管理目標(biāo)、科學(xué)技術(shù)管理目標(biāo)和社會(huì)管理目標(biāo)。
8、按管理者的職責(zé)，可分為一般的管理者和管理中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，但管理中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者不是勞動(dòng)者。
9、管理活動(dòng)中，要處理多種關(guān)系，但最主要的是處理好物與物的關(guān)系以及人、財(cái)、物的關(guān)系。
10、管理的系統(tǒng)觀念就是管理的整體觀念。
11、系統(tǒng)理論和系統(tǒng)方法為現(xiàn)代管理開辟了新的思路，提供了新的武器。因此，樹立系統(tǒng)觀念和掌握系統(tǒng)方法，是現(xiàn)代管理者所應(yīng)具備的基本素質(zhì)。、12、管理的權(quán)變觀念的核心內(nèi)容，就在于管理效果完全取決于組織與環(huán)境之間的適應(yīng)性。
13、按監(jiān)督的主體劃分，可分為自我監(jiān)督、內(nèi)部監(jiān)督、外部監(jiān)督。
14、經(jīng)濟(jì)監(jiān)督就是財(cái)政監(jiān)督和財(cái)務(wù)監(jiān)督。
15、實(shí)施是現(xiàn)代管理者的一項(xiàng)重要責(zé)任。
16、我們現(xiàn)在實(shí)行的是社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，徹底否定了傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體系。因此，在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下，計(jì)劃管理已經(jīng)不重要了。
17、經(jīng)濟(jì)方法的調(diào)節(jié)作用是直接的。
18、在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下，各種產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的價(jià)格都是由價(jià)值規(guī)律和市場(chǎng)供求關(guān)系決定的，與政府和企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策無(wú)關(guān)。
三、簡(jiǎn)答題
1、管理主體決定管理活動(dòng)的方向。
2、要使管理主體在管理活動(dòng)中起主導(dǎo)支配的作用，必須具備的條件。
3、管理的藝術(shù)特征。
4、管理機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)要堅(jiān)持責(zé)、權(quán)、利相一致的原則。
5、管理機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)要堅(jiān)持以目標(biāo)為中心，以職能為中心的原則。
6、作為管理客體的人的地位。
7、作為管理客體的人的特征。
8、管理目標(biāo)制定的依據(jù)。
9、管理目標(biāo)的制定要堅(jiān)持方案選優(yōu)的原則。
10、管理系統(tǒng)觀念中的動(dòng)態(tài)的觀念。
11、管理實(shí)施中激勵(lì)的作用。
12、激勵(lì)方式中的獎(jiǎng)罰激勵(lì)。
13、激勵(lì)方式中的尊重激勵(lì)。
14、管理過(guò)程中的監(jiān)督具有反饋的功能。
15、管理過(guò)程中的監(jiān)督要堅(jiān)持經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則。
16、管理過(guò)程中的監(jiān)督具有預(yù)防功能。
17、權(quán)變觀念要求領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式應(yīng)與環(huán)境相適應(yīng)。
18、行政方法在管理中的運(yùn)用有其自身的局限性，因此在運(yùn)用中必須堅(jiān)持正確的原則。
四、論述題
1、人既是管理的主體又是管理的客體，請(qǐng)您認(rèn)真關(guān)注作為管理客體的人的地位和作用。
2、決策對(duì)于管理主體來(lái)說(shuō)太重要了，要想做出科學(xué)正確的決策，必須遵循一些原則，請(qǐng)您掌握這些原則。
3、決策是一個(gè)科學(xué)的過(guò)程，不是隨意點(diǎn)頭和拍板定案，請(qǐng)您牢記決策的程序，即決策必須遵循的步驟。
4、管理者擔(dān)負(fù)著特殊的職責(zé)，因此他必須具有特定的素質(zhì)。請(qǐng)您認(rèn)真了解一下管理者所應(yīng)具備的素質(zhì)。
5、管理目標(biāo)是管理活動(dòng)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和歸宿點(diǎn)，因此它在管理中占有重要的地位和作用。請(qǐng)您認(rèn)真記住目標(biāo)在管理中的作用。
6、管理目標(biāo)很重要，但制定出科學(xué)正確和先進(jìn)可行的管理目標(biāo)就不是一件很容易的事了，必須要堅(jiān)持一系列的科學(xué)原則。請(qǐng)您記住這些原則，才能制定出好的目標(biāo)。
7、擇優(yōu)觀念是現(xiàn)代管理中一個(gè)非常重要的觀念，離了這個(gè)觀念，管理活動(dòng)就會(huì)出問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)您牢牢記住樹立擇優(yōu)觀念的必要性。
8、實(shí)施是介于決策、計(jì)劃和管理對(duì)象之間的中間環(huán)節(jié)，沒有圓滿的實(shí)施，就談不上完成管理任務(wù)。實(shí)施的這種特定地位，決定了它的特點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)您認(rèn)真了解實(shí)施不同于其他管理環(huán)節(jié)的特點(diǎn)。
9、管理實(shí)施過(guò)程結(jié)束后，還不能算是管理過(guò)程的結(jié)束，還需對(duì)其過(guò)程所獲得的成績(jī)和效果進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的評(píng)價(jià)。搞好評(píng)價(jià)也不是一件很簡(jiǎn)單的事。請(qǐng)您仔細(xì)了解評(píng)價(jià)活動(dòng)應(yīng)遵循的一系列原則。
《法理學(xué)》練習(xí)題
一、簡(jiǎn)答題
1、法律責(zé)任
2、法律部門
3、法律解釋
4、法律淵源
5、法律移植
6、英美法系和大陸法系
7、法治和法制
10、法律溯及力
11、社會(huì)主義的法治理念
12、社會(huì)法律監(jiān)督
13、法律制定
14、當(dāng)代中國(guó)的法律淵源
15、法律繼承
16、法律現(xiàn)代化
17、法律的基本特征
18、、法律適用
19、社會(huì)法律監(jiān)督
二、辨析題
1、法律的本質(zhì)
2、法律意識(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)
3、法律規(guī)則的構(gòu)成要素
4、法學(xué)研究的對(duì)象
5、法的不確定性
6、法的規(guī)范性
7、法學(xué)研究的對(duì)象
8、理論法學(xué)和應(yīng)用法學(xué)
9、國(guó)家賠償法所屬部門
10根據(jù)法的效力范圍的不同，法的分類
11、立法體制
12、劃分法的歷史類型的依據(jù)
13、法律與道德強(qiáng)制力不同
14、法學(xué)體系和法律體系的區(qū)別
15、法律制定
16、法律繼承
三、材料分析題
1、法律部門和法律淵源的不同
2、法的評(píng)價(jià)作用
3、立法體制
4、法的淵源
5、廣義法律和狹義法律的效力區(qū)別
6、法律與道德的區(qū)別
7、司法機(jī)關(guān)獨(dú)立行使審判或檢察權(quán)
8、行政責(zé)任、刑事責(zé)任和民事責(zé)任的不同
9、人民法院定罪量刑的依據(jù)
10、法律規(guī)則和法律原則的不同
11、法理學(xué)的組成、法理學(xué)的社會(huì)學(xué)價(jià)值和法理學(xué)與其他法律部門的聯(lián)系
12、司法的“以事實(shí)為根據(jù)，以法律為準(zhǔn)繩”的原則
四、論述題
1、司法權(quán)的性質(zhì)和特征
2、法律規(guī)則的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)
3、司法機(jī)關(guān)獨(dú)立行使職權(quán)的原則
4、法律關(guān)系的構(gòu)成要素
5、法律的規(guī)范作用
6、法律的社會(huì)作用
7、法律責(zé)任的歸責(zé)原則
8、法律的本質(zhì)
9、法律調(diào)整和道德調(diào)整的區(qū)別
《英語(yǔ)》練習(xí)題
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1.Continuing education classes give some adults the chance ________ new skills.A.learn
B.to learn C.to be learning
D.to have learned 2.When I was young, I ________ to school every day.A.walk C.walked
B.had walked D.had been walking 3.She ________ money and forgetting to pay you back.A.borrowed C.is always borrowing
B.borrows D.has borrow 4.Because of ________ you have done, things become much worse.A.that
B.whom
C.which
D.what 5.While ________ the train, I had a long talk with Jane.A.wait for C.waiting for
B.having waited for
D.being waited for 6.These questions ______ at tomorrow’s meeting.A.have been discussed
B.had been discussed C.will be discussed
D.shall be discussed
7.It is ____ in spring than in autumn.A.warmer
B.more warm
C.warmest
D.most warm 8.Miss White has been a secretary __________.A.every year
B.since 1997 C.ten years ago
D.in 1997 9.I called on her and found that she ________.A.went abroad
B.go abroad C.had gone abroad
D.has gone abroad 10.It has been two weeks since he ________ home.A.has left
B.was leaving C.left
D.is leaving 11.Telephone ________ in our everyday life.A.being used
B.uses C.is used
D.is using 12.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ________.A.hear of
B.to hear C.hearing from
D.heard 13.Before he came to New York, he had never heard a single English word ________.A.speaking
B.to speak
C.spoken
D.spoke 14.The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A.first playing
B.to be first played
C.first played
D.to be first playing 15.The old man lay in bed, ________ what to do the next day.A.thinking
B.was thinking
C.having thought
D.being thought 16.Let’s ________ and get something to eat.A.to go
B.go
C.going
D.goes 17.Bill has been out of work ________ three years.A.by C.in 18.When they arrived, the game ________.A.already start C.have already started
B.already started D.had already started B.since D.for 19.Those books ________ to the library next Monday.A.can return
B.can be returned C.can returned
D.can return to 20.I’m sorry, but smoking ________ here.A.is allowed
B.is not allowed C.will be allowed
D.will not allow 21.They got to the bus station ________ than you did.A.more late
B.later C.more later
D.late 22.He talked of the people and books ________ interested him.A.who
B.whose
C.that
D.whom 23.I live in ________.I’d like to let you know that I’m checking out early
tomorrow morning.A.Room 216th
B.216 Room C.216th Room
D.Room 216 24.This kind of tree has green ________ throughout(全部)the year.A.leafs
B.leaves
C.leaf
D.leaves’ 25.I will give him the letter as soon as I ________ him.A.see
B.sees C.sees’
D.saw 26.Excuse ________, may I ask you a question?
A.I
B.my
C.me
D.us
27.They never knew that pollution ________ a big problem.A.become
B.would become C.is going to
D.does become 28.You ________ where you leave your things.A.always forgets C.will always forget 29.He doesn’t live in the city, ________ ?.A.isn’t he
B.doesn’t he
B.forget
D.are always forgetting C.is he
D.does he 30.Now she is leaving London.She has stayed here ________.A.after 1980 C.for 1980
B.in 1980 D.since 1980 31.The role of _______ has changed a lot in the past 30 years.A.womans
B.women C.woman
D.women’s 32.________ meeting will be put off(推遲)till next Monday.A.Tomorrow’s
B.Tomorrows’ C.Tomorrow
D.Tomorrows 33.If he ________ to go, I'll ask someone else to go with me.A.don’t want
B.doesn’t want
C.not want
D.not wants 34.This is my cell phone(手機(jī)).________ is on the desk.A.Their
B.Our C.Yours
D.Her 35.The house ________ is very nice, but the compound(院子)is too small.A.himself
B.herself
C.itself
D.oneself 36.I told him not to go, but he ________ not listen.A.will C.shall
B.would D.should 37.This time last year, Tom ________ with his friends in London.A.stayed
B.was staying C.is staying
D.stays 38.Let’s ________ and get something to eat.A.to go
B.go
C.going
D.goes 39.Bill has been out of work ________ three years.A.by
B.since C.in D.for 40.When they arrived at the airport, the plane ________.A.already take off C.have already taken off
B.already took off D.had already taken off 41.Those books ________ to the library next Monday.A.can return
B.can be returned C.can returned
D.can return to 42.I’m sorry, but smoking ________ here.A.is allowed
B.is not allowed C.will be allowed
D.will not allow 43.They got to the airport ________ than you did.A.more late
B.later C.more later
D.late 44.He talked of the people and books ________ interested him.A.who
B.whose
C.that
D.whom 45.He was writing an e-mail ________ I was watching TV in the hotel room.A.as soon as
B.after C.until
D.while
二、閱讀理解
(1)Which of your feelings do you let other people know about? Which do you keep to yourself? Sometimes it’s a good thing to say what you feel.At other times it’s better to keep quiet about your feelings.Sometimes it’s hard to know exactly what you feel.At other times feelings are so strong that you can not control them.People from different cultures have different ways of dealing with feelings.It is said that English people are cold.If they do feel anything, they will not let other people know.This is because they grow up in a culture which tells them that it’s good to control their feelings.They learn when they are young that it is best to keep tears and laughter to themselves.15 Compared with the English, the French are much warmer and more open.They are always ready to express what they feel.However, it is said the Italians are the warmest people in the world.They let their feelings ―explode‖.What happens to feelings that are not expressed? Many people say they don’t just disappear.They continue to exist under the surface and may come out in other forms.Anger that we don’t express to others can become anger that we turn against ourselves.Fears that we don’t talk about may make us become afraid of all things.We may appear to be brave, but we are fearful and anxious inside.Hurts and disappointments that we never express may make us become too careful about getting close to others.As long as we don’t make others unhappy, there is noting wrong in expressing our feelings.We can express our feelings directly or indirectly.We can talk to other people about our feelings.Of course, sometimes we should also control our feelings.After all, life is made of all kinds of feelings, isn’t it?
1.________ to say what you feel.A.It’s always good
B.Sometimes it is good
C.It’s no good
D.You always want
2.People ________ have different ways of dealing with feelings.A.from different cultures
B.from different countries
C.from different schools
D.of different occupations
3.According to the passage, ________ are the warmest people in the world.A.the Italians
B.the English
C.the French
D.the Chinese
4.The feelings that people don’t express ________.A.just disappear
B.should never be expressed
C.continue to exist under the surface
D.are always bad
5.People can express their feelings directly or indirectly ________.A.as long as they don’t make others unhappy
B.as long as they don’t make others happy
C.as soon as they don’t make others unhappy
D.as soon as they don’t make others happy
(2)I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight, silence would teach him the joys of sound.Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see.Recently I was visited by a very good friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and I asked her what she had observed.―Nothing is particular,‖ she replied.I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses, for long ago I became convinced that the seeing see little.How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch.I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf.I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, of the rough bark of a pine.In spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud, the first sign of awakening nature after her winter’s sleep.Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel the happy quiver of a bird in full song.I am delighted to have the cool waters of a brook rush through my open fingers.To me the pageant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips.At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things.If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight.Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little.The panorama of color and action which fills the world is taken for granted.It is human perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as mere convenience rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.If I were president of a university, I should establish a compulsory course in ―How to Use Your Eyes‖.The professor would try to show his pupils how they could add joy to their lives by really seeing what passes unnoticed before them.He would try to awake their dormant and sluggish faculties.6.According to the text, it would be a blessing if________.A.every human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life
B.every human being is stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life C.every human being is stricken blind and deaf D.every human being were stricken blind and deaf 7.Which of the following is the author’s opinion about the seeing people? A.Most of the seeing people see little.B.The seeing people cherished their gift of sight very much.C.The seeing people use their power of sight to the full.D.The seeing people use their gift of sight as a means of adding color to life.8.The author could not see by sight, but she ______.A.could find hundreds of things to interest her through mere touch B.knew more than the seeing
C.was very optimistic and could ―see‖ more than the seeing D.both A and C
9.According to the text, why would it be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life? A.Because darkness would make him more appreciative of sight, and silence would teach him the joys of sound.B.Because people seldom cherish what they have and if they lose what they have for a short time they would cherish what they have much more.C.Because people are always longing for what they don’t have.D.both A and B 10.We can infer from the text that _______.A.though the author was blind, she loved life and she knew well how to add fullness to life B.the author was a president of a university C.the author established a compulsory course in ―How to Use Your Eyes‖ D.the author appreciated little what she had and longed for what she had not.(3)We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions and to communicate with other people.We can learn a lot about what a person is thinking by watching his or her body language.Words are important, but the way a person stands, folds his or her arms, or moves his or her hands can also give us information about his or her feelings.Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.Making eye contact – looking directly into someone’s eyes – is in some counties a way to show interest.In other countries, however, eye contact is rude or disrespectful.The gesture of OK, making a circle with one’s thumb and index finger, has different meanings in different cultures.In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.In France, a person seeing the same gesture will think it means zero.In Brazil and Germany, however, the gesture is rude.The thumbs-up gesture, meaning ―great‖ or ―good job‖ in the US, is rude in Nigeria, but in Germany and Japan it means the number one.The ―crazy‖ gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means ―you have a phone call‖ in Brazil.While there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal.A good way of saying ―I am full‖ is moving the hand in circles over the stomach after a meal.If a person pats his or her stomach before a meal, it usually means ―I am hungry‖.Perhaps the best example of universally understood body language is the smile.A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.A smile can open doors and tear down walls.It can be used to express almost any emotion.We can use a smile to apologize, to greet someone, to ask for help or to start a conversation.We can smile at ourselves in the mirror to make ourselves feel happier and stronger.And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good friend.11.We can get information about a person’s feelings from ________.A.his words B.the way he stands C.the way he folds his arms or move his hands D.both his words and his body language 12.Eye contact ________.A.has different meanings in different cultures B.is rude or disrespectful C.has the same meaning in all the countries D.is a way to show interest 13.A good way of saying ―I’m full.‖ is ________.A.moving the hand in circles over the stomach after a meal B.resting one’s head on the back of one’s hand C.patting the stomach before a meal D.Both A and C 14.The ―crazy‖ gesture means ________ in Brazil.A.great B.the number one C.you have a phone call D.none of above 15.The gesture for OK, making a circle with one’s thumb and index finger, ________.A.all of the following B.means money in Japan C.means zero in France D.has different meanings in different cultures
(4)A man came home from work late again, tired and irritated, to find his 5-year-old son waiting for him at the door.―Daddy, may I ask you a question?‖
―Yeah, sure, what is it?‖ replied the man.―Daddy, how much money do you make an hour?‖
―That’s none of your business!What makes you ask such a thing?‖ the man said angrily.―I just want to know.Please tell me, how much do you make an hour?‖ pleaded the little boy.―If you must know, I make $20.00 an hour.‖ ―Oh,‖ the little boy replied, head bowed.Looking up, he said, ―Daddy, may I borrow $10.00 please?‖
The father was furious.―If the only reason you wanted to know how much money I make is just so you can borrow some to buy a silly toy or some other nonsense, then you march yourself straight to your room and go to bed.Think about why you’re being so selfish.I work long, hard hours every day and don’t have time for such childish games.‖
The little boy quietly went to his room and shut the door.The man sat down and started to get even madder about the little boy’s questioning.How dare he ask such questions only to get some money.After an hour or so, the man had calmed down, and started to think he may have been a little hard on his son.Maybe there was something he really needed to buy with that $10.00, and he really didn’t ask for money very often.The man went to the door of the little boy’s room and opened the door.―Are you asleep, son?‖ he asked.―No daddy, I’m awake,‖ replied the boy.―I’ve been thinking, maybe I was too hard on you earlier,‖ said the man.―It’s been a long day and I took my aggravation out on you.Here’s that $10.00 you asked for.‖ The little boy sat straight up, beaming.―Oh, thank you daddy!‖ he yelled.Then, reaching under his pillow, he pulled out some more crumpled up bills.The man, seeing that the boy already had money, started to get angry again.The little boy slowly counted out his money, then looked up at the man.―Why did you want more money if you already had some?‖ the father grumbled.―Because I didn’t have enough, but now I do,‖ the little boy replied.―Daddy, I have $20.00 now.Can I buy an hour of your time?‖ 16.What do you know about the man?
A.He made a lot of money.B.He often came home from work late.C.He often went to work late.D.He spent lots of time taking care of his son.17.Why was the boy waiting for his father at the door?
A.Because he missed his father very much.B.Because he was hungry.C.Because he wanted to borrow some money from his father.D.Because he had good news to tell his father.18.The man went to talk to his son because ________.A.he thought he might have been a little hard on his son.B.he wanted to ask his son some questions.C.he wanted to find out whether his son was asleep or not.D.his son was crying in his bedroom.19.The boy wanted to borrow some money from his father because ________.A.he wanted to buy a toy with the money
B.he wanted to buy a birthday present for himself
C.he didn’t have any money
D.he didn’t have enough money to buy an hour of his father’s time
20.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Parents should give their children some pocket money.B.Parents should not neglect(忽視)their children no matter how busy they are.C.Parents should not be hard on their children.D.Children can buy time from their parents.(5)I once knew a man whose memory was very bad.Richard Rudd was so forgetful that he sometimes forgot what he was talking about in the middle of a sentence.His wife had to remind him constantly about his appointments, his classes – even his meals!Since Rudd was a professor at a well-known university, his forgetfulness was often an embarrassment.It wasn’t that he was unintelligent, as some critical people tend to gossip.He was just very, very absent-minded.One hot summer day, Professor Rudd decided to take his children to the beach.The seaside town he planned to visit was a three-hour train ride away.To make the trip more interesting for his young children, he kept the name of the town a secret.Unfortunately, by the time Rudd had arrived at the train station, the poor forgetful man had forgotten the name of his destination himself.Luckily, a friend of his happened to be in the station.He offered to take care of the children while Rudd went back home to find out where he was going.The professor’s wife was surprised to see him again so soon, but she was amused when she heard what the matter was.She distrusted his memory, so she wrote the name of the town on a piece of paper.Satisfied that she had solved the problem, she sent her husband off again.Ten minutes later, she was astonished to see him outside the house again.What was the matter now? 21.What was Professor Rudd’s trouble? A.Lack of confidence.B.Lack of intelligence.C.Carelessness.D.Absent-mindedness.22.What was probably the most embarrassing thing for Professor Rudd? A.He often had to be reminded to go to class at the university.B.He often had to be reminded to meet people at the appointed(約定的)time.C.He sometimes forgot what he was talking about in the middle of a sentence.D.He sometimes forgot to take meals.23.What did Richard Rudd decide to do one hot summer day? A.To accompany his children on a train ride.B.To have a holiday with his children on the beach.C.To go and visit a friend of his in a seaside town with his children.D.To stay home and take care of his children.24.Why did Richard come back the first time? A.He forgot where he was going.B.He forgot his friend’s address.C.He forgot to tell his wife where he was going.D.He forgot to take the train tickets.25.What can you infer from the story?
A.Professor Rudd was an old man.B.Mrs.Rudd was actually more intelligent than her husband.23
C.Mrs.Rudd was an indispensable(不可缺少的)companion to her husband.D.Professor Rudd’s reputation was falling rapidly.(6)You may not realize it, but you are doing much more than just studying, when you are at school.School is also the place where you learn to get along well with people.But this is not always easy.What can you do if you just don’t like one of your classmates?
If you discover that you have problems getting along with your classmates or friends, the most important thing to learn is tolerance.Tolerance is the ability to realize and respect the differences in others.We can not change the way that other people do, so it is important to learn to live happily with them.Tolerance will make everyone get on better with each other.Getting to know someone may help you understand why they do things differently.Something different does not exactly mean that it is bad.Tolerance teaches us to keep an even temper and open mind.You need to remember an old saying, ―treat others how you want to be treated‖.You would like to be treated kindly by your classmates, so it is important to treat them kindly too.If you tolerate something, it does not mean that you have to like it.No one is asking you to change who you are or what you believe in.Tolerance just means that you should respect the differences in others and not try to make them change.It is important to practice tolerance, because it will make everyone’s lives easier.Learn to accept people for their different abilities and interests.The world is very different, and practicing tolerance in your own school and city can help make a difference.26.According to the author, what is tolerance? A.Tolerance is the ability that we have to change the way that other people do.B.Tolerance is the ability to realize and respect the differences in others.C.Tolerance is a weapon to fight against the enemy.D.Tolerance is the way to discover whether you have problems getting along with your classmates or friends.27.What does tolerance function(起作用)in getting along with your friends? A.It makes you change who you are and what you believe.24 B.It can help us understand why people do things differently.C.It warns us to keep an even tempter and open mind.D.It is important for us to learn tolerance.28.Why is tolerance important? A.Because it will make everyone’s lives easier.B.Because it will make everyone get on better with each other.C.Because it teaches us to respect the differences in others and not try to make them change.D.All of the above.29.―Treat others how you want to be treated‖, what does the sentence mean?
A.If you want to be treated kindly, you should treat others kindly too.B.If someone treats you badly, you will treat them kindly.C.You should change yourself to tolerate others.D.Others should change themselves to tolerate you.30.Which of the following is true according to the passage? A.If you tolerate something, you must change yourself.B.Tolerance can make you get on better with your classmates or friends, for it teaches you to keep an even temper and open mind.C.We can live happily with other people by changing the way they do.D.Practicing tolerance can not make any change in your life for the world is different.(7)I found out one time that doing a favor for someone could get you into a lot of trouble.One time when I was taking a final test, the girl next to me whispered something, but I couldn’t understand.So I leaned over her way and found out that she was trying to ask me if I had an extra pen.She showed me that hers was out of ink and would not write.I happened to have an extra one, so I took it out of my pocket and put it on her desk.Later, after we turned in all the test papers, the teacher asked me to stay in the room.As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about what it meant to grow up;she mentioned how important it was to stand on your own feet and be responsible for my own acts.For a long time she talked about honesty and emphasized that when people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves.She made me promise that I wouldn’t think seriously about what she said, and then she told me I could leave.I walked out of the room wondering why she chose to talk to me about all these things.Later on, I found out that she thought I was cheating on the test.I tried to explain about the pen, but what she said was that it seemed very strange to her that I didn’t mention anything about the pen the day she talked to me right after the test.To this day, I am sure she continues to believe that I had cheated on that test.Appearances can be deceiving and it is difficult to know how others will perceive our action.31.Why did the girl say something to me in a low voice? A.Because she wanted to have a look on my paper.B.Because she couldn’t work out the question on the paper.C.Because she wanted to ask me for a pen.D.Because she wanted me to give her the answer to the questions.32.Why did the teacher let me stay after class? A.She wanted to give me a gift.B.She wanted to talk with me.C.She wanted to tell me a story.D.She wanted to make me do some cleaning.33.What did the teacher think about me? A.She thought I was not mature(成熟的).B.She thought I was an honest person.C.She thought I did a right thing.D.She thought I was cheating in the exam.34.Why didn’t the teacher believe that I didn’t cheat on the test? A.She saw I was cheating with her own eyes.B.Someone else told her about it.C.She thought if I didn’t cheat I would tell her the truth of the pen.D.She couldn’t believe anything I said.35.What can you infer(推斷)from the passage? A.We can’t judge from the appearance(表面).B.We shouldn’t help others in the exam.C.We should tell the teacher in time if we help others.D.We shouldn’t cheat on the test.(8)Have you ever seen people dance? Some dances are fast and others are slow.People’s feet move when they dance.They keep on moving until the music stops.People have enjoyed dancing for a very long time.This story is of a different kind of dance.It is a dance without people or music.Yet this dance is one of the oldest in the world.It is the dance of bees.If you have ever watched bees, you know that they are very clever.They also work hard looking for food and bringing it back to their home.The home of bees is called a bee-hive.Here hundreds — even thousands — of bees live.They work day and night building small walls of wax.Here they make their honey.This is the same honey that we eat.Where does the honey come from? Bees live on food from flowers.Have you ever seen bees flying around a flower garden? When a bee rests on a flower, it tries to go to the center of it.There it takes in as much food as its body can hold.Then it carries the food back to the hive.At the hive, bees change this flower food into honey.Then they fly away for more food.How do bees know where to find the best food in the sweetest flowers? One bee acts as a guide.When it discovers good flowers, it flies back to the hive to tell the others.It does this by dancing for them.The bee dances on one side.This tells the other bees which way to go to find the flowers, but that is not all.The bee dances for some time, and the length of its dance tells the other bees how far they must fly to reach the flowers.When the other bees see the dance, they know where the flowers are.They fly away and return with more food for the hive.Sometimes we hear the music of bees as they fly around, but few people have ever seen them dance.Yet without that dance we might never have sweet honey to eat.36.According to the passage, people don’t stop dancing until ________.A.the music stops B.they are very tired C.they want to go to bed D.it is very late 37.In the text, ―an unknown dance‖ is a dance ________.A.without a light B.without people or music C.without light and music D.without any drinks 38.Bees carry the flower food back to the hive ________.A.to eat B.to store
C.to be a present to other bees D.to change them into honey 39.What does a guide bee do if it finds the best food in the sweetest flowers? A.It will fly back to the hive to tell the others.B.It will take in as much food as it can.C.It will bring it back to the hive.D.It will change it into honey.40.What does the length of the dance mean? A.It tells the other bees which way to go to find the flowers.B.It tells the other bees how far they must fly to reach the flowers.C.It means that bees enjoy dancing.D.It means nothing.(9)We all have certain habits and we can have good habits or bad habits.This passage gives us some advice on how to be healthy.It tells us what we must do if we want to keep ourselves fit.Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.This is an old English saying.It means that we must go to bed early in the evening and get up early in the morning.Is this true? Perhaps it is.The body must have enough sleep.Children, for instance, need ten hours’ sleep every night.If we do not go to bed early, we cannot have enough sleep.Then we cannot think or do our work properly.We will not be wise or live a comfortable life.Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning.This is not good for them.We must sleep at night when it is dark.The dark helps us to sleep well.When daytime comes, we must get up.It is the time for exercise.Exercise means doing something with the body.Walking, running, jumping, swimming, playing games are all good forms of exercise.If the body is not used, it becomes weak.Exercise keeps it strong.Exercise helps blood to move around inside the body.This is very important.Blood takes food to all parts of our bodies.The brains in our heads also need blood.We think with our brain.If we can keep our bodies healthy, and do exercises, we can think better!Our bodies also need air to breathe.Without air we cannot live.We must have plenty of clean, fresh air to breathe if we want to be in good health.So, people often sleep with their room windows open because they want to have plenty of clean, fresh air to breathe.In brief, you don’t know what happiness is until you lose it;you don’t know what health is until you are ill.―Health is of vital importance to life‖ sounds like a cliché to everyone, but it is absolutely true.41.Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.What does this statement mean? A.If one goes to bed early, he would be a wise man.B.If one gets up early, he would be a wealthy man.C.If one goes to bed early and gets up early, he would be a wealthy man.D.It is very important for us to form healthy habits.42.According to the text, if we don’t have enough sleep, ________.A.we won’t live comfortably B.we will do our work correctly C.we will think properly D.we will be wise 43.Exercise is ________.29 A.to do something with the body B.to do more homework C.to do more drills(訓(xùn)練)D.to get up early in the morning 44.Why is exercise helpful for health? Because ________.A.it helps us to sleep properly.B.people will die soon if they do not have enough exercises C.it helps take nutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng))to every part of the body with blood circulation(血液循環(huán))D.it helps us to think and do our work properly.45.Why do people often sleep with their room window open? A.Because they want enough clean and fresh air to breathe.B.Because they feel hot at night.C.Because they want to look after their garden.三、英譯漢
1.Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning.This is not good for them.We must sleep at night when it is dark.The dark helps us to sleep well.When daytime comes, we must get up.It is the time for exercise.Exercise means doing something with the body.Walking, running, jumping, swimming, playing games are all good forms of exercise.If the body is not used, it becomes weak.Exercise keeps it strong.Exercise helps blood to move around inside the body.This is very important.Blood takes food to all parts of our bodies.The brains in our heads also need blood.We think with our brain.If we can keep our bodies healthy, and do exercises, we can think better!
2.What happens to feelings that are not expressed? Many people say they don’t just disappear.They continue to exist under the surface and may come out in other forms.Anger that we don’t express to others can become anger that we turn against ourselves.Fears that we don’t talk about may make us become afraid of all things.We may appear to be brave, but we are fearful and anxious inside.Hurts and disappointments that we never express may make us become too 30 careful about getting close to others.3.At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things.If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight.Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little.The panorama of color and action which fills the world is taken for granted.It is human perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as mere convenience rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.4.Which of your feelings do you let other people know about? Which do you keep to yourself? Sometimes it’s a good thing to say what you feel.At other times it’s better to keep quiet about your feelings.Sometimes it’s hard to know exactly what you feel.At other times feelings are so strong that you can not control them.People from different cultures have different ways of dealing with feelings.It is said that English people are cold.If they do feel anything, they will not let other people know.5.The little boy quietly went to his room and shut the door.The man sat down and started to get even madder about the little boy’s questioning.How dare he ask such questions only to get some money.After an hour or so, the man had calmed down, and started to think he may have been a little hard on his son.Maybe there was something he really needed to buy with that $10.00, and he really didn’t ask for money very often.The man went to the door of the little boy’s room and opened the door.―Are you asleep, son?‖ he asked.6.One hot summer day, Professor Rudd decided to take his children to the beach.The seaside town he planned to visit was a three-hour train ride away.To make the trip more interesting for his young children, he kept the name of the town a secret.Unfortunately, by the time Rudd had arrived at the train station, the poor forgetful man had forgotten the name of his destination
himself.Luckily, a friend of his happened to be in the station.He offered to take care of the children while Rudd went back home to find out where he was going.7.Tolerance will make everyone get on better with each other.Getting to know someone may help you understand why they do things differently.Something different does not exactly mean that it is bad.Tolerance teaches us to keep an even temper and open mind.You need to remember an old saying, ―treat others how you want to be treated‖.You would like to be treated kindly by your classmates, so it is important to treat them kindly too.If you tolerate something, it does not mean that you have to like it.Tolerance just means that you should respect the differences in others and not try to make them change.8.If you discover that you have problems getting along with your classmates or friends, the most important thing to learn is tolerance.Tolerance is the ability to realize and respect the differences in others.We can not change the way that other people do, so it is important to learn to live happily with them.Tolerance will make everyone get on better with each other.Getting to know someone may help you understand why they do things differently.Something different does not exactly mean that it is bad.Tolerance teaches us to keep an even temper and open mind.9.Later, after we turned in all the test papers, the teacher asked me to stay in the room.As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about what it meant to grow up;she mentioned how important it was to stand on your own feet and be responsible for my own acts.For a long time she talked about honesty and emphasized that when people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves.She made me promise that I wouldn’t think seriously about what she said, and then she told me I could leave.I walked out of the room wondering why she chose to talk to me about all these things.10.The home of bees is called a bee-hive.Here hundreds — even thousands — of bees live.32
They work day and night building small walls of wax.Here they make their honey.This is the same honey that we eat.Where does the honey come from? Bees live on food from flowers.Have you ever seen bees flying around a flower garden? When a bee rests on a flower, it tries to go to the center of it.There it takes in as much food as its body can hold.Then it carries the food back to the hive.11.Perhaps the best example of universally understood body language is the smile.A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.A smile can open doors and tear down walls.It can be used to express almost any emotion.We can use a smile to apologize, to greet someone, to ask for help or to start a conversation.We can smile at ourselves in the mirror to make ourselves feel happier and stronger.And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good friend.12.How do bees know where to find the best food in the sweetest flowers? One bee acts as a guide.When it discovers good flowers, it flies back to the hive to tell the others.It does this by dancing for them.The bee dances on one side.This tells the other bees which way to go to find the flowers, but that is not all.The bee dances for some time, and the length of its dance tells the other bees how far they must fly to reach the flowers.When the other bees see the dance, they know where the flowers are.They fly away and return with more food for the hive.33
第四篇：中央黨校2012級(jí)在職研究生入學(xué)考試復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)題
中央黨校2010級(jí)在職研究生入學(xué)考試復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)題
《政治理論》練習(xí)題
一類：
1、馬克思主義產(chǎn)生的思想理論來(lái)源
2、“三個(gè)代表”重要思想對(duì)三大規(guī)律認(rèn)識(shí)的深化
3、人民民主專政理論中民主和專政之間的關(guān)系
4、帝國(guó)主義的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)質(zhì)
5、當(dāng)今世界多極化呈現(xiàn)出的主要特征
6、毛澤東在井岡山斗爭(zhēng)時(shí)期提出的關(guān)于工農(nóng)武裝割據(jù)的思想
7、新民主主義的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化綱領(lǐng)
8、堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義公有制的主體地位
9、中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨執(zhí)政后必須解決的兩大歷史性課題
10、現(xiàn)階段社會(huì)主義精神文明建設(shè)面臨的歷史性課題
11、代表最廣大人民根本利益
12、黨在社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段的基本路線
13、我國(guó)對(duì)外開放的基本途徑和方式
14、現(xiàn)階段以改革的精神加強(qiáng)黨的建設(shè)
15、鄧小平對(duì)社會(huì)主義本質(zhì)的概括
二類：（辨別正誤并簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明理由）
1、世界的真正統(tǒng)一性在于它的存在性。
2、全部社會(huì)生活在本質(zhì)上是實(shí)踐的。
3、矛盾的統(tǒng)一性和斗爭(zhēng)性的關(guān)系是“關(guān)于事物矛盾問(wèn)題的精髓”。
4、思想政治工作是經(jīng)濟(jì)工作和其他一切工作的生命線。
5、當(dāng)代資本主義的新變化是對(duì)馬克思主義揭示的人類社會(huì)發(fā)展基本規(guī)律的否定。
6、我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)不具有社會(huì)主義性質(zhì)。
7、把社會(huì)各方面的先進(jìn)分子吸收到黨內(nèi)來(lái)會(huì)改變黨的性質(zhì)。
8、按勞分配與按生產(chǎn)要素分配是相互對(duì)立的分配原則。
9、革命統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線最根本的問(wèn)題是政策和策略問(wèn)題。
三類：
1、列寧關(guān)于新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的基本內(nèi)容和實(shí)質(zhì)
2、正確認(rèn)識(shí)和處理改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定之間的關(guān)系
3、貫徹依法治國(guó)方略
4、實(shí)事求是、群眾路線、獨(dú)立自主之間的辯證統(tǒng)一關(guān)系
5、毛澤東關(guān)于著重從思想上建設(shè)黨
6、在社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段堅(jiān)持黨的基本路線不動(dòng)搖
《現(xiàn)代管理學(xué)》練習(xí)題
一類：
1、評(píng)價(jià)的原則
2、法約爾提出管理五個(gè)職能的主要內(nèi)容
3、管理活動(dòng)的基本要素
4、管理客體的特征
5、不確定型決策
6、管理的特征
7、異體監(jiān)督
8、評(píng)價(jià)的作用
9、權(quán)變觀念在管理中的作用
10、職能制組織機(jī)構(gòu)的優(yōu)、缺點(diǎn)
11、指揮與協(xié)調(diào)的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系
12、管理幅度
13、共有經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律
14、行為科學(xué)理論對(duì)人的看法
15、管理觀念
二類：（辨別正誤并簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明理由）
1、管理主體主要指的是具有一定管理權(quán)限的單個(gè)管理者。
2、管理人本觀念中的“人”，指的是管理客體中的人。
3、在管理活動(dòng)中應(yīng)以定性分析為依據(jù)，定量分析為工具。
4、從在管理客體中發(fā)揮作用的角度看，作為管理客體的人始終處于被動(dòng)地位。
5、在管理學(xué)中，所謂管理幅度，是指組織機(jī)構(gòu)按垂直隸屬關(guān)系劃分的等級(jí)。
6、財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)所獲得的支配權(quán)是比較符合現(xiàn)代管理原則的。
7、過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)和依賴行政方法不利于市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)化大生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展。
8、管理客體的可控性不是一成不變的。
9、西蒙所提出的決策準(zhǔn)則是最優(yōu)、最佳。
三類：
1、科學(xué)決策應(yīng)遵循的原則
2、管理幅度與管理層次的關(guān)系及在處理二者關(guān)系時(shí)要考慮的因素
3、現(xiàn)代管理要經(jīng)歷的過(guò)程及在這個(gè)過(guò)程中決策所具有的地位和作用
4、權(quán)變觀念在組織方面的應(yīng)用
5、管理目標(biāo)的作用
6、實(shí)施的作用
第五篇：中央黨校2012級(jí)在職研究生入學(xué)考試復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)題__政治理論
2、“三個(gè)代表”重要思想對(duì)三大規(guī)律認(rèn)識(shí)的深化（P276）
答：1）關(guān)于共產(chǎn)黨執(zhí)政規(guī)律的深刻認(rèn)識(shí)。一是科學(xué)提出了“建設(shè)什么樣的執(zhí)政黨，怎樣建設(shè)黨”這樣一個(gè)執(zhí)政黨建設(shè)的基本問(wèn)題；二是對(duì)中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨執(zhí)政規(guī)律的特殊性有了深刻把握。對(duì)黨的執(zhí)政規(guī)律認(rèn)識(shí)更為系統(tǒng)。
2）關(guān)于社會(huì)主義建設(shè)規(guī)律的深刻認(rèn)識(shí)。一是在思想路線上，強(qiáng)調(diào)馬克思主義具有與時(shí)俱進(jìn)的理論品質(zhì)；二是在鄧小平理論的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步回答什么是社會(huì)主義、怎樣建設(shè)社會(huì)主義的問(wèn)題，并且創(chuàng)造性地提出和回答建設(shè)什么樣的黨、怎樣建設(shè)黨的問(wèn)題，深化了對(duì)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的認(rèn)識(shí)。
3）關(guān)于人類社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)律的深刻認(rèn)識(shí)。一是從世界觀方法論上，進(jìn)一步揭示了人類社會(huì)的前進(jìn)最終是由生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展決定的，同時(shí)是由先進(jìn)文化引導(dǎo)的，是由人民群眾推動(dòng)的 這樣一個(gè)基本原理，為我們觀察和認(rèn)識(shí)人類社會(huì)規(guī)律提供了科學(xué)的理論指南；二是對(duì)建設(shè)社會(huì)主義新社會(huì)的本質(zhì)要求作了概括；三是對(duì)人類社會(huì)發(fā)展的歷史趨勢(shì)和共產(chǎn)主義的特征作了進(jìn)一步的預(yù)見和概括；四是對(duì)人類社會(huì)歷史發(fā)展過(guò)程中，推進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展、同推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的發(fā)展和改善人民物質(zhì)文化生活的基本關(guān)系作了進(jìn)一步的揭示。
3、人民民主專政理論中民主和專政之間的關(guān)系（P96）答：人民民主專政是工人階級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的以工農(nóng)聯(lián)盟為基礎(chǔ)的人民民主政權(quán)。它是民主和專政的統(tǒng)一。對(duì)人民內(nèi)部的各個(gè)階級(jí)和階層，實(shí)行了廣泛的民主。人民享有言論、結(jié)社、集會(huì)、選舉等各項(xiàng)政治權(quán)利。在人民內(nèi)部按民主原則辦事，實(shí)行民主集中制。對(duì)人民內(nèi)部的問(wèn)題，只能用民主的說(shuō)服的方法加以解決，而不是強(qiáng)迫的方法。對(duì)于人民的敵人，對(duì)于反動(dòng)階級(jí)，人民民主專政的國(guó)家政權(quán)則實(shí)行專政。當(dāng)然，對(duì)于敵人的專政，并不是不給他們出路。反動(dòng)階級(jí)和反動(dòng)派的人們，在他們的政權(quán)被推翻以后，只要他們不造反，不破壞，不搗亂，也給土地，給工作，讓他們活下去，讓他們?cè)趧趧?dòng)中改造自己，成為新人。
4、帝國(guó)主義的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)質(zhì)（P51）答：帝國(guó)主義就其經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)質(zhì)來(lái)說(shuō)，是壟斷資本主義。第一，一般資本主義發(fā)展到帝國(guó)主義階段的經(jīng)濟(jì)根源，是自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)引起生產(chǎn)集中，生產(chǎn)集中導(dǎo)致壟斷組織的形成。帝國(guó)主義的其他所有特征都是以此為根基形成和發(fā)展起來(lái)的；第二，帝國(guó)主義的全部基本經(jīng)濟(jì)特征，都是壟斷這一經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)質(zhì)的不同表現(xiàn)。這就是從生產(chǎn)壟斷發(fā)展到銀行壟斷，從而形成金融資本的壟斷；從國(guó)內(nèi)壟斷通過(guò)資本輸出以及商品輸出進(jìn)一步發(fā)展到國(guó)際壟斷；從對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的壟斷最后發(fā)展到對(duì)世界領(lǐng)土的壟斷；第三帝國(guó)主義作為壟斷的資本主義，其經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的根本目的和實(shí)質(zhì)是獲得高額壟斷利潤(rùn)。追求這種高額壟斷利潤(rùn)，是帝國(guó)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)乃至政治活動(dòng)的決定性動(dòng)機(jī)、目的和實(shí)質(zhì)。
5、當(dāng)今世界多極化呈現(xiàn)出的主要特征（P238）答：首先，世界上出現(xiàn)多個(gè)力量中心的局面，是多極化的基本特點(diǎn)；其次，發(fā)展中國(guó)家總體實(shí)力的增強(qiáng)，是多極化趨勢(shì)的重要體現(xiàn)；再次，各種國(guó)際組織和區(qū)域組織的空前活躍，是多極化的重要方面。
6、毛澤東在井岡山斗爭(zhēng)時(shí)期提出的關(guān)于工農(nóng)武裝割據(jù)的思想（P94）答：所謂的工農(nóng)武裝割據(jù)，即在共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，以武裝斗爭(zhēng)為主要形式，以土地革命為基本內(nèi)容，以農(nóng)村革命根據(jù)地為戰(zhàn)略基地，三者密切配合。其中武裝斗爭(zhēng)是進(jìn)行土地革命，建立、鞏固和發(fā)展根據(jù)地的最強(qiáng)有力的工具。土地革命是反封建的民主革命的主要內(nèi)容。根據(jù)地則是進(jìn)行武裝斗爭(zhēng)、開展土地革命的基地和依托。武裝斗爭(zhēng)、土地革命、根據(jù)地建設(shè)三者相輔相成、缺一不可。
8、堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義公有制的主體地位（P199）答：公有資產(chǎn)在社會(huì)總資產(chǎn)中占優(yōu)勢(shì)；國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)控制國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的命脈，對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展起主導(dǎo)作用。這是就全國(guó)而言的，有的地方、有的產(chǎn)業(yè)可以有所差別，在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的不同階段上，其布局要相應(yīng)調(diào)整。公有資產(chǎn)占優(yōu)勢(shì)，要有量的優(yōu)勢(shì)，更要注重質(zhì)的提高。質(zhì)的方面主要體現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)業(yè)的屬性和在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的地位、技術(shù)構(gòu)成和科技含量、經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體素質(zhì)、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)、資本的增值能力和市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力等方面。
9、中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨執(zhí)政后必須解決的兩大歷史性課題（P246）答：即進(jìn)一步解決提高黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平和執(zhí)政水平、提高拒腐防變和抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力這兩大歷史性課題。
10、現(xiàn)階段社會(huì)主義精神文明建設(shè)面臨的歷史性課題（P212）答：主要面臨三個(gè)歷史性課題：一是如何在以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心的前提下，使物質(zhì)文明和精神文明建設(shè)相互促進(jìn)，協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，防止和克服一手硬、一手軟；二是如何在深化改革、發(fā)展社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的條件下，形成有利于社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的共同理想、價(jià)值觀念、道德規(guī)范和文化條件，防止和遏制腐朽思想和丑惡現(xiàn)象的蔓延；三是如何在擴(kuò)大對(duì)外開放、經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和新科技革命的情況下，吸收人類社會(huì)創(chuàng)造的一切先進(jìn)文明成果，弘揚(yáng)中華民族優(yōu)秀文化傳統(tǒng)和革命文化傳統(tǒng)，防止和消除文化垃圾的傳播，抵御敵對(duì)勢(shì)力對(duì)我“西化”、“分化”的圖謀。
11、代表最廣大人民的根本利益（P272）答：始終代表中國(guó)最廣大人民的根本利益，是“三個(gè)代表”重要思想的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和歸宿。全心全意為人民服務(wù)，是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨同一切剝削階級(jí)政黨的根本區(qū)別；
把中國(guó)最廣大人民的利益實(shí)現(xiàn)好、維護(hù)好和發(fā)展好，是黨的全部任務(wù)和歷史責(zé)任。
12、黨在社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段的基本路線（P185）答：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和團(tuán)結(jié)全國(guó)各族人民，以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心，堅(jiān)持四項(xiàng)基本原則、堅(jiān)持改革開放、自力更生、艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)，為把我國(guó)建成富強(qiáng)、民主、文明的社
會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家而奮斗。
13、我國(guó)對(duì)外開放的基本途徑和方式（P203）答：對(duì)外貿(mào)易引進(jìn)技術(shù)利用外資創(chuàng)辦經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)。
14、現(xiàn)階段以改革的精神加強(qiáng)黨的建設(shè)（P231）答：在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)改革開放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的過(guò)程中，要把黨建設(shè)成為用鄧小平理論武裝起來(lái)、全心全意為人民服務(wù)、思想上政治上組織上完全鞏固、能夠經(jīng)受住各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、始終走在時(shí)代前列、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全國(guó)人民建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的馬克思主義政黨。必須圍繞在改革開放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)條件下建設(shè)一個(gè)什么樣的黨、怎樣建設(shè)黨這個(gè)基本問(wèn)題，從思想上、組織上、作風(fēng)上全面加強(qiáng)黨的建設(shè)，解決好提高執(zhí)政能力和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平、提高拒腐防變和抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力這兩大歷史性課題。
15、鄧小平對(duì)社會(huì)主義本質(zhì)的概括（P178）答：解放生產(chǎn)力、發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力，消滅剝削、消滅兩極分化，最終達(dá)到共同富裕。
二：（辨別正誤并簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明理由）
1、世界的真正統(tǒng)一性在于它的存在性（P14）
答：錯(cuò)誤。世界的真正統(tǒng)一性在于它的物質(zhì)性，而世界的統(tǒng)一性在于它的存在性仍然是唯心主義的觀點(diǎn)，是折衷主義，沒有指明世界究竟統(tǒng)一于物質(zhì)還是統(tǒng)一于精神。
2、全部社會(huì)生活在本質(zhì)上是實(shí)踐的（P11）
答：正確。實(shí)踐是感性的、客觀的物質(zhì)活動(dòng)，是人們社會(huì)生活的本質(zhì)和認(rèn)識(shí)活動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)。主體通過(guò)實(shí)踐改造世界，又通過(guò)實(shí)踐認(rèn)識(shí)世界。人的本質(zhì)隨著實(shí)踐的發(fā)展而發(fā)展。
3、矛盾的統(tǒng)一性和斗爭(zhēng)性的關(guān)系是“關(guān)于事物矛盾問(wèn)題的精髓”（P155）
答：錯(cuò)誤。矛盾的共性個(gè)性、絕對(duì)相對(duì)的道理是“關(guān)于事物矛盾問(wèn)題的精髓”。
4、思想政治工作是經(jīng)濟(jì)工作和其他一切工作的生命線（P126）
答：正確。（1）思想政治工作能夠保證經(jīng)濟(jì)工作和其他工作的正確方向。（2）思想政治工作能夠?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)工作和其他工作提供精神動(dòng)力。（3）思想政治工作有助于正確處理人民內(nèi)部矛盾，保障經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和其他工作順利進(jìn)行。（4）思想政治工作能夠提高人的思想政治水平，防止和克服各種資產(chǎn)階級(jí)思想對(duì)于革命隊(duì)伍的侵蝕。（5）思想政治工作能夠幫助人們掌握科學(xué)的思想方法和工作方法，正確地認(rèn)識(shí)世界和改造世界。
5、當(dāng)代資本主義的新變化是對(duì)馬克思主義揭示的人類社會(huì)發(fā)展基本規(guī)律的否定（P54）
答：錯(cuò)誤。第一、當(dāng)代資本主義的這種變化，并沒有改變馬克思恩格斯揭示的人類社會(huì)歷史發(fā)展的總趨勢(shì)。第二、當(dāng)代資本主義的調(diào)整和發(fā)展，并沒有改變社會(huì)主義必然代替資本主義的客觀規(guī)律。第三、當(dāng)代資本主義大國(guó)的歷史作用具有兩重性。
6、我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)不具有社會(huì)主義性質(zhì)（P203）
答：錯(cuò)誤。我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)是經(jīng)濟(jì)上的特區(qū)，不是政治上的特區(qū)。由于我國(guó)是一個(gè)社會(huì)主義國(guó)家，所以經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)具有社會(huì)主義性質(zhì)。
7、把社會(huì)各方面的先進(jìn)分子吸收到黨內(nèi)來(lái)會(huì)改變黨的性質(zhì)（P285）
答：錯(cuò)誤。把社會(huì)各階層的先進(jìn)分子吸收到黨內(nèi)，黨員成分發(fā)生了變化，并不會(huì)改變黨的性質(zhì)。黨員的成分不能作為判斷黨的性質(zhì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。判斷一個(gè)黨的性質(zhì)，最主要的是看它的理論和綱領(lǐng)是不是馬克思主義的，是不是代表了社會(huì)發(fā)展的正確方向，是不是代表了最廣大人民的利益。
8、按勞分配與按生產(chǎn)要素分配是相互對(duì)立的分配原則（P201）
答：錯(cuò)誤。第一、按勞分配與按生產(chǎn)要素分配并非是根本對(duì)立的分配原則；第二、按勞分配是公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)的分配原則，按生產(chǎn)要素分配是市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)通行的分配原則，社會(huì)主義基本制度與市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)合在一起，為兩種分配原則的結(jié)合提供了現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。
9、革命統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線最根本的問(wèn)題是政策和策略問(wèn)題（P114）
答：錯(cuò)誤。革命統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線最根本的問(wèn)題是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)的問(wèn)題。
三：論述題
1、列寧關(guān)于新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的基本內(nèi)容和實(shí)質(zhì)
答：（1）用糧食稅代替余糧征集制。這項(xiàng)政策把余糧全部由國(guó)家征集，改為國(guó)家以糧食稅的形式只征收最必需的糧食。糧食稅的實(shí)行，極大地調(diào)動(dòng)了農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)積極性，有力地促進(jìn)了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的恢復(fù)與發(fā)展，并從經(jīng)濟(jì)上鞏固了工農(nóng)聯(lián)盟；（2）工業(yè)企業(yè)停止推行國(guó)有化。允許私人經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)，并且將一部分國(guó)有化了的企業(yè)退還給原企業(yè)主，由私人經(jīng)營(yíng)。國(guó)家還采取了租賃制等措施將一部分企業(yè)出租給私人經(jīng)營(yíng)；（3）大力發(fā)展商業(yè)，建立工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)的結(jié)合點(diǎn)。充分利用市場(chǎng)和商品貨幣關(guān)系，促進(jìn)工農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品的流通，以滿足城鄉(xiāng)居民的生活需要；（4）加強(qiáng)同資本主義國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)交往與合作。同資本主義交往的最主要形式就是實(shí)行租讓制，國(guó)家將一些自己暫時(shí)無(wú)力恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)的企業(yè)，根據(jù)一定的條件同外國(guó)資本家簽訂合同，租讓給他們經(jīng)營(yíng)。實(shí)行租讓制的好處是，可以利用外國(guó)資金，引進(jìn)西方的先進(jìn)技術(shù)，學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這對(duì)恢復(fù)和發(fā)展蘇俄的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)有重大作用。新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的實(shí)質(zhì)，就是從俄國(guó)小農(nóng)占優(yōu)勢(shì)的客觀實(shí)際出發(fā)，實(shí)行向社會(huì)主義迂回過(guò)渡的政策。
2、貫徹依法治國(guó)方略（P296）答：依法治國(guó)是黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民治理國(guó)家的基本方略，是把黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與人民當(dāng)家作主結(jié)合起來(lái)的最佳形式。依法治國(guó)是依照法律去處理國(guó)家事物的治國(guó)方式和國(guó)家處于依
法治理的狀態(tài)。依法治國(guó)必須堅(jiān)持有法可依、執(zhí)法必嚴(yán)、違法必究。當(dāng)前要從以下幾個(gè)方面推進(jìn)：一是依法治國(guó)需要內(nèi)容好、體系完備的法律；二是依法治國(guó)需要推進(jìn)依法行政；三是依法治國(guó)需司法機(jī)關(guān)公正司法；四是依法治國(guó)需要加強(qiáng)法制宣傳教育，提高全民法律素質(zhì)。
3、實(shí)事求是、群眾路線、獨(dú)立自主之間的辨證統(tǒng)一關(guān)系（P145、P167）
答：（1）實(shí)事求是、群眾路線、獨(dú)立自主是毛澤東思想活的靈魂，是貫穿于毛澤東思想各個(gè)組成部分的立場(chǎng)、觀點(diǎn)和方法，是辨證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義在中國(guó)革命和建設(shè)中的創(chuàng)造性的運(yùn)用和發(fā)展，具有鮮明的中國(guó)特色。實(shí)事求是、群眾路線、獨(dú)立自主三個(gè)方面既相對(duì)獨(dú)立、又相互聯(lián)系，辨證統(tǒng)一的構(gòu)成了毛澤東思想活的靈魂。（2）實(shí)事求是、群眾路線、獨(dú)立自主，是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人解決中國(guó)革命和建設(shè)問(wèn)題的立場(chǎng)、觀點(diǎn)和方法的高度概括。無(wú)論從毛澤東思想形成和發(fā)展的歷史看，還是從毛澤東思想體系的內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)看，他們都是毛澤東思想最本質(zhì)的東西，起著統(tǒng)帥和決定性的作用，這三個(gè)方面互相滲透、互相依存、融為一體，共同構(gòu)成毛澤東思想活的靈魂，若缺少其中的任何一個(gè)方面，那就沒有毛澤東思想，沒有中國(guó)革命的勝利，也沒有今天的中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義。
4、毛澤東關(guān)于著重從思想上建設(shè)黨（P121）答：（1）毛澤東著重于從思想上建黨，把思想建設(shè)放在黨的建設(shè)的首位。強(qiáng)調(diào)共產(chǎn)黨員不但要在組織上入黨，而且要在思想上入黨，經(jīng)常注意以無(wú)產(chǎn)階
級(jí)思想改造和克服各種非無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)思想。這是基于對(duì)中國(guó)特殊歷史條件和黨內(nèi)本質(zhì)矛盾的科學(xué)分析，提出的黨的建設(shè)的重要原則。（2）毛澤東把思想理論建設(shè)放在黨的建設(shè)的首位，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)著重從思想上建設(shè)黨。毛澤東關(guān)于著重從思想上建黨的理論，經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)踐在延安整風(fēng)時(shí)期系統(tǒng)展開而達(dá)到成熟。(3)根據(jù)黨內(nèi)矛盾的科學(xué)分析，毛澤東提出黨的思想建設(shè)最根本的任務(wù)，是加強(qiáng)馬克思列寧主義教育，按照無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)先鋒隊(duì)的面貌改造每一個(gè)黨員，解決共產(chǎn)黨員思想入黨的問(wèn)題。(4)共產(chǎn)黨員要在思想上入黨，說(shuō)到底是要解決世界觀問(wèn)題。(5)毛澤東不僅提出要著重從思想上建黨，而且創(chuàng)造了在全黨通過(guò)批評(píng)與自我批評(píng)進(jìn)行馬克思列寧主義思想教育的整風(fēng)形式。
5、在社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段堅(jiān)持黨的基本路線不動(dòng)搖（P186）
答：在整個(gè)社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段，我們必須堅(jiān)持黨的基本路線不動(dòng)搖。對(duì)黨的基本路線，要全面理解，更要抓住其實(shí)質(zhì)。堅(jiān)持以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心不動(dòng)搖，是堅(jiān)持黨的基本路線不動(dòng)搖的關(guān)鍵。只能有一個(gè)中心，不能有兩個(gè)或者多個(gè)中心。如果動(dòng)搖了經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)這個(gè)中心，兩個(gè)基本點(diǎn)就失去了依托，也就動(dòng)搖了整個(gè)基本路線。堅(jiān)持黨的基本路線不動(dòng)搖，必須把改革開放和四項(xiàng)基本原則統(tǒng)一起來(lái)，必須堅(jiān)持兩個(gè)基本點(diǎn)，而不是一個(gè)基本點(diǎn)。把經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心，同四項(xiàng)基本原則、改革開放這兩個(gè)基本點(diǎn)，同建設(shè)富強(qiáng)、民主、文明的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家的奮斗目標(biāo)統(tǒng)一起來(lái)，作為一個(gè)整體。只有這樣，才能全面的貫徹執(zhí)行黨的基本路線。
堅(jiān)持黨的基本路線不動(dòng)搖，全面貫徹黨的基本綱領(lǐng)，必須在實(shí)踐中正確認(rèn)識(shí)和處理好幾個(gè)方面的重大關(guān)系：（1）正確認(rèn)識(shí)和處理經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化的關(guān)系。（2）正確認(rèn)識(shí)和處理改革、發(fā)展和穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系。（3）要警惕右，主要是防止“左”。
6、以改革創(chuàng)新精神推進(jìn)黨的建設(shè)新的偉大工程。
必須把黨的執(zhí)政能力建設(shè)和先進(jìn)性建設(shè)作為主線，堅(jiān)持黨要管黨、從嚴(yán)治黨，貫徹為民、務(wù)實(shí)、清廉的要求，以堅(jiān)定理想信念為重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)思想建設(shè)，以造就高素質(zhì)黨員、干部隊(duì)伍為重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)組織建設(shè)，以保持黨同人民群眾的血肉聯(lián)系為重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)作風(fēng)建設(shè)，以健全民主集中制為重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)制度建設(shè)，以完善懲治和預(yù)防腐敗體系為重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)反腐倡廉建設(shè)，使黨始終成為立黨為公、執(zhí)政為民，求真務(wù)實(shí)、改革創(chuàng)新，艱苦奮斗、清正廉潔，富有活力、團(tuán)結(jié)和諧的馬克思主義執(zhí)政黨。
（1）深入學(xué)習(xí)貫徹中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義理論體系，著力用馬克思主義中國(guó)化最新成果武裝全黨。思想理論建設(shè)是黨的根本建設(shè)，黨的理論創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)各方面創(chuàng)新。（2）繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)黨的執(zhí)政能力建設(shè)，著力建設(shè)高素質(zhì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子。黨的執(zhí)政能力建設(shè)關(guān)系黨的建設(shè)和中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的全局，必須把提高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平和執(zhí)政能力作為各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子建設(shè)的核心內(nèi)容抓緊抓好。
（3）積極推進(jìn)黨內(nèi)民主建設(shè)，著力增強(qiáng)黨的團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一。黨內(nèi)民主是增強(qiáng)黨的創(chuàng)新活力、鞏固黨的團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一的重要保證。
（4）不斷深化干部人事制度改革，著力造就高素質(zhì)干部隊(duì)伍和人才隊(duì)伍。堅(jiān)持黨管干部原則，堅(jiān)持民主、公開、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、擇優(yōu)，形成干部選拔任用科學(xué)機(jī)制。
（5）全面鞏固和發(fā)展先進(jìn)性教育活動(dòng)成果，著力加強(qiáng)基層黨的建設(shè)。
（6）切實(shí)改進(jìn)黨的作風(fēng)，著力加強(qiáng)反腐倡廉建設(shè)。
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