第一篇：大學(xué)英語新視野第四冊課後翻譯（本站推薦）

祝你考試愉快！

1.這種植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成長。

The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2.研究結(jié)果表明，無論我們白天做了什么事情，晚上都會做大約兩個小時的夢。Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3.有些人往往責(zé)怪別人沒有盡最大努力，以此來為自己的失敗辯護。

Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.我們忠于我們的承諾：凡是答應(yīng)做的，我們都會做到。

We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do, we would do it.5.連貝多芬的父親都不相信自己兒子日后有一天可能成為世界上最偉大的音樂家。愛迪生也同樣如此，他的老師覺得他似乎過于遲鈍。

Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world.The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6.當(dāng)局控告他們威脅國家安全。

They were accused by the authorities of threatening the state security.1.要是這部喜劇中的人物更幽默些的話，就會吸引更多的觀眾。

If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience.2.她從未對自己的能力失去信心，因此她有可能成為一名成功的演員。

She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.3.我從未受過正式培訓(xùn)，我只是邊干邊學(xué)。

I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along.4.隨著產(chǎn)品進入國際市場，他們的品牌知名度越來越高了。As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity.5.她可以編造一個故事，說自己被竊賊打昏，所有的錢都沒了，但她懷疑自己是否能讓這故事聽起來可信。

She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.6.誰都不清楚他是否故意推遲了這次訪問，可是這引起了對他更多的批評。No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him.1.據(jù)報道有七八位官員收受賄賂，市長決定親自出馬調(diào)查這件事。

Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into the affair in person.2.這些工人后悔當(dāng)時接受管理部門的意見重新回去工作?，F(xiàn)在他們再次面臨失業(yè)的危險了。

These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work.Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs.3.你只需填寫一張表格就可取得會員資格，它可以使你在買東西時享受打折的優(yōu)惠。

You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods.4.不知為什么他們的汽車在半路壞掉了，結(jié)果他們比原計劃晚到了三個小時。Their car broke down halfway for no reason.As a result they arrived three hours later than they had planned.5.那位官員卷入了一場丑聞，數(shù)周后被迫辭職。The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later.6.這個靠救濟過日子的人開始慢慢地建立起自己的市場，生意日漸興隆。

The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business is thriving.1.我父母不是對我的教育投資，而是把錢花在了買新住房上。

Rather than invest in my education, my parents spent their money on a new house.2.如今，人們用于休閑娛樂的開支是過去的兩倍。

Today, people are spending twice as much on entertainment and relaxation as they did in the past.3.一家公司要成功，它必須跟上市場的發(fā)展。

In order to be successful, a business must keep pace with developments in the marketplace.4.與申請這個職位的其他女孩相比，她流利的英語是個優(yōu)勢。

Her fluency in English gave her an advantage over other girls for the job.5.對于學(xué)生而言，沒有任何地方比圖書館更好了，在那里所有的圖書都任由他們使用。

For students, nowhere is better than the library, where all the books are at their disposal.6.我們要充分利用好這個平臺，加強交流，拓展合作領(lǐng)域，共謀發(fā)展大計。We should make full use of the platform to strengthen communication, expand cooperation in more areas and seek further development through joint efforts.1.這位小個子男子并不如他看上去那么單純。

This little man is not so innocent as he appears.2.對這個問題我已束手無策了，所以你不妨去求助于王教授吧。

There's nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as well turn to Professor Wang for help.3.雙方高度評價了在不同領(lǐng)域合作取得的成果，并希望合作進一步加深。

Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation in different areas, and hope that the cooperation can be furthered.4.一方面，親民形象能使新政策更易于被民眾接受，另一方面，它也能“廣直言之路，啟進善之門”。

On the one hand, an image of being close to the people can get a new policy more easily accepted.On the other hand, it will “encourage people to speak their minds and come up with constructive suggestions”.5.他孤獨的感覺時起時落，他有時會對自己、對寵物、對電視機嘮叨不休。His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talk at length to himself and his pets and the television.6.畢竟，金錢不是萬能的，最富有的人不一定是最幸福的。

After all, money is not everything.The richest people are not necessarily the happiest.1.假設(shè)你發(fā)現(xiàn)了你自己的同事受賄，你會不會無動于衷呢？

Suppose you found out that your colleague takes bribes, would you just ignore it?

2.他如此固執(zhí)，我們已對他失望了。跟他爭論一點意義都沒有。

We've given up on him because he is so stubborn.It is pointless to argue with him.3.他突然想到了一個加速實驗進程的好辦法，但組里的成員卻對此意見不一。He hit upon a good method to speed up the progress of the experiment, but opinions differed among members of the group on it.4.今天我能夠使自己的職業(yè)與興趣相符，之前我是做不到的。

Today I'm able to square my profession with my interest, which I wasn't able to do before.5.要成為一名駕駛員，視覺上分辨紅色與綠色的能力是必不可少的。

The ability to visually distinguish between red and green is essential to becoming a driver.6.這個組由七個人組成，他們經(jīng)常見面，分享彼此的信息。The team consisted of seven people who met on a regular basis to share their information with each other.選詞填空

1、Have you ever known anyone famous? KGCEN OILAD

2、Have you ever heard of Jon Stewart? IJBDE GFLNA3、What happens in America when someone becomes disabled ?.NEGAH CIKOD

4、Mr.Li runs a small trade company in Sichuan Province.LNDEH IFOJB

5、How do you spend your time when you’re alone? KHMBA OJDFI6、In the past several years,many news stories about corporate? OEGIJ BKNMD

隨總括就是珍惜一切，輕鬆隨性過生活吧！

第二篇：新視野大學(xué)英語第四冊第三版課后翻譯

第一單元

The Doctrine of the Mean is the core ofConfucianism.The so-called “mean” by Confuciusdoesn’t mean “compromise” but a “moderate”and “just-right” way when understanding andhandling objective things.Confucius advocatedthat this thought should not only be treated as away to understand and deal with things but alsobe integrated into one’s daily conduct to makeit a virtue through self-cultivation and training.The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core ofConfucianism but also an important componentof traditional Chinese culture.From the time itcame into being to the present, it has played aninvaluable role in the construction of nationalspirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture.中庸思想是儒家思想的重要內(nèi)容?？鬃铀^的“中”不是指“折中”，而是指在認識和處理客觀事物時的一種“適度”和“恰如其分”的方法?？鬃又鲝埐粌H要把這種思想作為一種認識和處理事物的方法來看待，而且還通過自身修養(yǎng)和鍛煉，把它融入自己的日常行為當(dāng)中，使之成為一種美德。中庸思想是儒家思想的核心，也是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分。從它形成到現(xiàn)在，一直為民族精神的構(gòu)建、民族智慧的傳播、民族文化的發(fā)展發(fā)揮著不可估量的作用。第二單元

The four great classic Chinese novels are Romanceof the Three Kingdoms, Outlaws of the Marsh,journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions.All the four novels were written during the periodfrom the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties tothe Qing Dynasty.They all reflect various aspectsof ancient China, including political andmilitarystrife, social conflicts and cultural beliefs.Thefour novels are of supreme artistic standards,representing the peak of China’s classic novels.Lots of the characters and scenes in the books areWell-known in China and have exerted profoundinfluences on the ideology and values of the entirenation.Highly valuable for the research of China’sancient customs, feudal system, and social life, thefour classic novels are precious cultural relics ofChina as well as the human society as a whole.中國的四大名著是指《三國演義》《水滸傳》《西游記》《紅樓夢》四部著名小說。它們的創(chuàng)作時間均處于元末明初至清代期間，其內(nèi)容反映了中國古代的政治和軍事斗爭、社會矛盾、文化信仰等各個方面。四大名著具有很高的藝術(shù)水平，代表了中國古典小說的高峰。書中的許多人物和場景在中國家喻戶曉，并且已深深地影響了整個民族的思想觀念和價值取向。四本著作在中國古代民俗、封建制度、社會生活等多個領(lǐng)域皆有巨大的研究價值，是中國乃至全人類的寶貴文化遺產(chǎn)。第三單元

In recent years, with the rapid development ofInternet technology, the Internet economy hasbecome a hot issue.As represented by the promisingE-commerce, the Internet economy has become astrong driving force for the economic development.Our government attaches great importance todeveloping the Internet-economy and proposes the concept of “Internet Plus”, aiming to integratethe Internet with other industries, such as healthcare, transportation, education, finance, and publicservice.This will create great potential and broadprospects for the development of the Interneteconomy.With the implementation of the“InternetPlus” strategy, the Internet is certain to be integratedwith more traditional industries and help build “theupgradedversion of the Chinese economy”.近年來，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟已成為一個熱門話題。以蓬勃發(fā)展的電子商務(wù)為代表的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟已成為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要引擎。我國政府高度重視發(fā)展互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟，提出了“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”的概念，以推動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與醫(yī)療、交通、教育、金融、公共服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域的結(jié)合。這將為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展提供極大地發(fā)展?jié)摿透鼜V闊的發(fā)展空間。隨著“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”戰(zhàn)略的深入實施，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)必將與更多傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)進一步融合，助力打造“中國經(jīng)濟升級版” 第四單元

Suzhou gardens are the most outstandingrepresentatives of classical Chinese gardens.Most of them were privately-owned.The gardensfirst appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period,developed in the Song and Yuan dynasties, andflourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties.Bythe late Qing Dynasty, Suzhou had got as manyas over 170 gardens of diverse styles, Winning itthe name “The City of Gardens”.Now, over 60gardens are kept in good condition, of which morethan 10 are Open to the public.The Surging WavePavilion, the Lion Grove Garden, the HumbleAdministrator’s Garden and the Lingering Gardenare called the four most famous gardens in Suzhourepresenting the artistic styles of the Song, Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties respectively.Suzhougardens are assemblies of residences and gardens,which makes them suitable places for living, visitingand appreciating.The architectural principles of lthe gardens are a demonstration of the lifestylesand social customs of the ancient Chinese peoplein the south of the Lower Yangtze River.Suzhougardens are not onlya product of Chinese historyand culture, but also a carrier of traditional Chinese ideology and culture.In 1997,Suzhou gardens were inscribed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO.蘇州園林是中國古典園林最杰出的代表，大部分為私家所有。蘇州園林始于春秋，興于宋元，盛于明清。清末蘇州已有各色園林170余處，為其贏得了“園林之城”的稱號?，F(xiàn)保存完好的園林有60多處，對外開放的有十余處。其中滄浪亭、獅子林、拙政園和留園分別代表著宋、元、明、清四個朝代的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格，被稱為“蘇州四大名園”。蘇州園林宅園合一，可賞，可游，可居，其建筑規(guī)制反應(yīng)力中國古代江南民間的生活方式和禮儀習(xí)俗。蘇州園林不僅是歷史文化的產(chǎn)物，同時也是中國傳統(tǒng)思想文化的載體。1997年，蘇州園林被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列入“世界遺產(chǎn)名錄” 第五單元

Chinese civilization once had a significant influenceon world civilization.With the development of ourcountry’s economy and the rise of her internationalstatus in recent years, Chinese culture, which hasa long history, is once again attracting globalattention.More and more Chinese cultural elementsprovide inspiration for and become popular subjectsof fashions, literature and movies around the world.This shows that the world needs Chinese culture.Itwas in this context that China decided to implementthe “Culture Exporting” strategy so as to enhanceher cultural exchanges with the rest of the world.After several years’ efforts, great achievements havebeen made in this respect.“Culture Exporting” hasgreatly promoted the development of our culturalindustries.It is becoming an effective approachthrough which China enhances her nationalimageand comprehensive strength.中華文明曾對世界文明產(chǎn)生過重大影響。近年來，隨著我國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和國際地位的提升，歷史悠久的中國文化正引起世界新的關(guān)注。越來越多的中國元素為當(dāng)今世界時尚、文學(xué)、影視作品等提供了創(chuàng)作靈感，成為熱門題材。這一現(xiàn)象表明，世界需要中國文化。在這種背景下，我國決定實施文化“走出去”大力推動了我國文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，正成為提升我國國家形象和綜合實力的有效途徑。第六單元

Boao Forum for Asia(BPA)is a non-governmental,non-profit international organization.Initiated by25 Asian countries and Australia, it was officiallyfounded in 2001.The organization is headquarteredinBoao Town in China’s Hainan Province.Withequality, mutual benefit, cooperation and win-win as its objectives, EPA is devoted to promoting economic exchanges, coordination and cooperationbetween Asian countries as well as enhancingdialogs and ties between Asia and other parts of theworld.The forum provides a high-level platformwhere governments, businesses and scholars fromrelevant countries discuss Asian and global affairs.Through further regional economic cooperation,BFA will facilitate the realization of Asian countries’goals and contribute to a new Asia that boastsgreater prosperity, stability and peace.博鰲亞洲論壇是一個非政府、非營利性的國際組織。它是由25個亞洲國家和澳大利亞發(fā)起的，于2001年正式成立，總部位于中國南部的海南省博鰲鎮(zhèn)。博鰲亞洲論壇以平等、互惠、合作和共贏為主旨，致力于推動亞洲各國之間的經(jīng)濟交流、協(xié)調(diào)與合作，并增強亞洲與世界其他地區(qū)的對話和聯(lián)系。它為有關(guān)國家的政府、企業(yè)及專家學(xué)者提供了一個共商亞洲以及全球事務(wù)的高層次平臺。通過區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的進一步合作，博鰲亞洲論壇將推進亞洲國家實現(xiàn)發(fā)展目標(biāo)，為建設(shè)一個更加繁榮、穩(wěn)定、和平的新亞洲作出貢獻。第七單元

Urban-rural integration is a new stage of China’smodernization and urbanization process.It aims tobreak the urban and rural dual economic structurethrough making integrated plans for urban andrural development, and through system reform and policy adjustment, so that the urban and ruralareas will finally achieve equal policies and realizecomplementary developing patterns, enabling therural residents to enjoy the same level of civilizationand equal benefits with the urban residents.Urban-rural integration is a significant and profound socialreform which enables comprehensive, coordinatedand sustainable development of the entire urban-rural economy.Only by enhancing urban-ruralintegration, and by properly managing urban-ruralrelationships, increasing urban-rural collaborationand narrowing the gap between urban and ruralareas, can we guarantee that our country realize theblueprint goal of building a well-off society-in anall-round way by 2020.城鄉(xiāng)一體化是我國現(xiàn)代化和城市化發(fā)展的一個新階段，是要通過對城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展實行統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃，并通過體制改革和政策調(diào)整，破除城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)，實現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)在政策上平等，在產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展模式上互補，讓農(nóng)村居民享受到與城鎮(zhèn)居民同樣的文明和福利。城鄉(xiāng)一體化是一項重大而深刻的社會變革。它使整個城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟能夠全面、協(xié)調(diào)、可持續(xù)的發(fā)展。只有大力推進城鄉(xiāng)一體化，妥善處理城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系，加強城鄉(xiāng)合作，縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距，才能確保到2020年我國實現(xiàn)全面建設(shè)小康社會的宏偉目標(biāo)。第八單元

In recent years, the social development andchanges in employment situation have put higherrequirements on college students.Instead ofconfining themselves to the knowledge in books,more and more college students are stepping-outof the “Ivory Tower” and taking an active partin social practice in their spare time.Throughsocial practice, college students can have a deeperunderstanding of society, increase their sense ofsocial responsibility, and improve their analyticaland problem-solving abilities.Meanwhile, takingpart in social practice can also help studentsrecognize their own shortcomings and have a clearidea about where they are to go in the future.Allthese benefits will help them build up social andwork experience, which will lay a solid foundationfor them in finding jobs or starting their ownbusinesses in the future.近年來，社會的發(fā)展和就業(yè)形勢的變化對大學(xué)生提出了更高的要求。越來越多的大學(xué)生不再局限于書本知識的學(xué)習(xí)，他們開始走出“象牙塔”，利用業(yè)余時間積極投身于社會實踐活動。通過社會實踐活動，大學(xué)生可以更多的了解社會，增強社會責(zé)任感，提高分析問題和解決問題的能力。同時，參加社會實踐活動還可以幫助學(xué)生認識到自身的不足，明確未來努力的方向。所有這些都將為他們積累社會閱歷和工作經(jīng)驗，為未來的就業(yè)或創(chuàng)業(yè)打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。

第三篇：新視野英語第四冊翻譯

第一單元

1.這種植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成長（other than）

The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2.研究結(jié)果表明，無論我們白天做了什么事情，晚上都會做大約兩小時的夢（may have done）

Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3.有些人往往責(zé)怪別人沒有盡最大努力，以此來為自己的失敗辯護（justify sth by）Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.我們忠于我們的承諾：凡是答應(yīng)做的，我們都會做到（remain true to）

We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do;we would do it.5.連貝多芬的父親都不相信自己兒子日后有一天可能成為世界上最偉大的音樂家。愛迪生也是如此，他的老師覺得他似乎過于遲鈍（discount；be true to）

Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world.The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6.當(dāng)局控告他們威脅國家安全（accuse sb.of sth.）

They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.1.If you move into any place other than your own private home, make sure you know what the rules are about pets if you have one.出入除自己家以外的任何場所時，如果你帶有寵物，一定要了解有關(guān)寵物的規(guī)定。

2.Some women could have made a good salary in job instead of staying at home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.一些女性完全可以不待在家里，而是去工作，掙一份不錯的工資。但是為了家庭，她們放棄了工作。

3.How can you justify such rudeness? You will pay heavily for that because they have sued you for damaging their good name.你怎么為這樣粗魯?shù)男袨檗q護？你將會為此付出沉重的代價，因為他們己經(jīng)以低毀名譽的罪名起訴你了。

4.Criticism can be of great usewe may not like it at the time, but it can spur us on to greater things.批評有其重要作用；我們可能當(dāng)時不喜歡它，但是它能激勵我們?nèi)プ龈鼈ゴ蟮氖虑椤?/p>

5.His uncompromising behavior, to which the public objected, left him bankrupt emotionally and financially.他毫不讓步的行為遭到公眾的反對，這使得他陷人了精神上崩潰、經(jīng)濟上破產(chǎn)的境地。

6.Even if you fail, don’t let failure harm you, don’t let failure take over.Remember failure is a necessary in learning;it is not the end of your learning, but the beginning.即使你失敗了，也不要被失敗傷害，更不要被失敗左右。記?。菏∈菍W(xué)習(xí)過程中必要的一步；它不是學(xué)習(xí)、的結(jié)束，而是學(xué)習(xí)的開始。

第二單元．要是這部喜劇中的人物更幽默些的話，就會吸引更多的觀眾（if ?had+past participle,would +have+past participle）

If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous，it would have attracted a larger audience．

2.她從未對自己的能力失去信心，因此她有可能成為一名成功的演員（it is a possibility to）

She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.．我從未受過正式培訓(xùn)，我只是邊干邊學(xué)（go along）

I never had formal training，I just learned as I went along?

4.隨著產(chǎn)品進入國際市場，他們的品牌知名度越來越高了（find one’s way into）

As their products find their way into the international market，their brand is gaining in popularity.．她可以編造一個故事，說自己被竊賊打暈，所有的錢都沒了，但她懷疑自己是否能讓這個故事聽起來可信（make up）She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone，but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.．誰都不清楚他是否故意推遲了訪問，可是這引起了對他更多的批評（on purpose）No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him．

1.If there had been no Charlie Chaplin, the history of world cinema would have been different.如果沒有查理.卓別林，世界電影史就會不一樣了。

2.It was a relief that his hard work eventually gave his the result that he had long desired: He successfully discovered the cause of the disease.令人感到寬慰的是，他的努力最終給予了他長期渴望的結(jié)果—他成功地發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種疾病的原因。

3.Charlie Chaplin was one of the greatest and most widely loved movie stars.From The Tramp to Modern Times, he made many of the funniest and most popular films of his time.He was best known for his character, the youthful and lovable Little Tramp.查理.卓別林是最偉大、最廣受熱愛的電影明星之一。從《流浪漢》到《摩登時代》，他拍 攝了許多他那個時代最有趣、最受歡迎的電影。他最出名的是他扮演的一個人物—年輕可 愛的小流浪漢。

4.Chaplin was an immensely talented: Within only two years of his first appearance in motion pictures in 1914, he because one of the best-known personalities in the nation.卓別林是一個才能非凡的人：自他1914年第一次在電影中出現(xiàn)，兩年時間內(nèi)他就成了這個國 家最有名的人物之一。

5.Chaplin had an impact on everyone’s life in the early 20th century.He made more people laugh than any other man who ever lived and changed the way people looked at the world.查理.卓別林對20世紀(jì)初期每個人的生活都產(chǎn)生了影響。與有史以來的任何人相比，他讓更 多的人歡笑，改變了人們看待這個世界的方式。

6.On Christmas Day in 1977 Charlie Chaplin passed away.He left behind family and friends saddened by his death, and millions of fans worldwide.1977年，查理.卓別林在圣誕節(jié)那天去世了，身后留下了悲傷的家人和朋友，以及全世界數(shù) 以百萬計的影迷。

第三單元

1.據(jù)報道有七八位官員收受賄賂，市長決定親自出馬調(diào)查這件事（be reported to；look into）Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into the affair in person.2.這些工人后悔當(dāng)時接受管理部門的意見重新回去工作?，F(xiàn)在他們再次面臨失業(yè)的風(fēng)險了（regret doing sth；yield to；be faced with）

These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work.Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs.3.你只需填寫一張表格就可以取得會員資格，它可以使你買東西的時候享受打折的優(yōu)惠（fill out）

You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods.4.不知為什么他們的汽車在半路壞掉了，結(jié)果他們比原計劃晚到了三個小時（break down）Their car broke down halfway for no reason.As a result they arrived three hours later than they had planned.5.那位官員卷入了一場丑聞，數(shù)周后被迫辭職（get involved in）

The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later.6.這個靠救濟過日子的人開始慢慢地建立自己的市場，生意日漸興?。╞uild up；one step at a time）

The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business is thriving.1.The man is reported to have said in private that “we are being made fools of by many of our clients, so we are entitled to have them how to us as compensations.” 據(jù)報道這個男子曾在私下說：“許多救濟對象在欺騙我們，因此，作為補償，我們有權(quán)讓他們對我們點頭哈腰。

2.After considering your background and experience, we regret to inform you that we don’t have an appropriate job opportunity for at current stage.我們考慮了你的背景與經(jīng)歷，很遺憾地告訴你，我們目前沒有適合你的工作機會。

3.I failed to take my cue from Oscar.Instead, I talked back to the woman, who turned out to be our new manager.我沒能按奧斯卡的暗示去做，相反，我反駁了那個婦女，結(jié)果她竟然是我們的新經(jīng)理。

4.There needs to be someone who can act as a champion for the rights of the poor because the system so easily lends itself to abuse.需要有人來充當(dāng)窮人權(quán)利的捍衛(wèi)者，因為這一體制太容易被濫用。

5.I called the police for help after my car broke down on the freeway.Twenty minutes later, they came to my rescue.我的車子在高速公路上拋錨后，我打電話向警察求助，20分鐘后他們趕來幫我。

6.He was passionate for art , but he went through tremendous pain-pain of poverty and misunderstanding.他熱愛藝術(shù)，卻經(jīng)受了巨大的痛苦—貧窮與誤解。

第四單元

1.我父母不是對我的教育投資，而是把錢花在了買新住房上（rather than）

Rather than invest in my education, my parents spent their money on a new house.2.如今，人們用于休閑娛樂的開支是過去的兩倍（twice as ? as）

Today, people are spending twice as much on entertainment and relaxation as they did in the past.3.一家公司要成功，它必須跟上市場的發(fā)展（keep pace with）

In order to be successful, a business must keep pace with developments in the marketplace.4.與申請這個職位的其他女孩相比，她流利的英語是個優(yōu)勢（give a advantage over）Her fluency in English gave her an advantage over other girls for the job.5.對于學(xué)生而言，沒有任何地方比圖書館更好了，在那里所有的圖書都由他們?nèi)我馐褂茫╝t one’s disposal）

For students, nowhere is better than the library, where all the books are at their disposal.6.我們要充分利用好這個平臺，加強交流，拓展合作領(lǐng)域，共謀發(fā)展大計（make use of）We should make full use of the platform to strengthen communication, expand cooperation in more areas and seek further development through joint efforts.1.The developing countries see information technologies as a means to accelerate their economy, but some lack experience in weighing costs and choosing between technologies.發(fā)展中國家認為信息技術(shù)是促進經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的途徑，但一些國家在估算成本與選擇技術(shù)方面缺乏經(jīng)驗。

2.The world is said to have about 3000 times as much groundwater as water it has in rivers and lakes, and groundwater is far cleaner.據(jù)說地球擁有的地下水量大約是其擁有的河流和湖泊水量的三千倍，而且地下水要干凈得多。3.Anyone can take good photos-it’s just a matter of being in the right place at the right time.任何人都能照出好照片—問題只是你是否在合適的時間和地點。

4.By installing computers in their schools and libraries, the community leaders demonstrated that they were determined not to lag behind in technology.通過在他們的學(xué)校和圖書館安裝計算機，這些社區(qū)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們表明他們決心不在技術(shù)上落后。

5.When he started the company, he thought he’d be able to cruise alongside the top businesses in the market, but he is disappointed because he hasn’t yet succeeded.當(dāng)他開始創(chuàng)辦這家公司時，他想他將能在市場上與那些頂級公司并駕齊驅(qū)，可是他現(xiàn)在失望 了，因為他沒有成功。

6.A Florida couple is building what say will be the home of the future, one strong enough to withstand hurricanes, yet gentle enough to blend in with the environment.佛羅里達的一對夫婦在建造一座他們稱之為未來之家的房子，它既能抵御咫風(fēng)，又與周圍環(huán) 境十分協(xié)調(diào)。

第五單元

1.這位小個子男子并不如他看上去那么單純（not so? as）

This little man is not so innocent as he appears.2.對這個問題我已束手無策了，所以你不妨去求助王教授吧（might as well）

There's nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as well turn to Professor Wang for help.3.雙方高度評價了在不同領(lǐng)域合作取得的成果，并希望合作進一步加深（speak highly of）Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation in different areas, and hope that the

cooperation can be furthered.4.一方面，親民形象能使新政策更易于被民眾接受，另一方面，它也能“廣直言之路，啟進善之門”（on the one hand, on the other hand）

On the one hand, an image of being close to the people can get a new policy more easily accepted.On the other hand, it will “encourage people to speak their minds and come up with constructive suggestions”.5.他孤獨的感覺時起時落，他有時會對自己，對動物，對電視機嘮叨不休（rise and fall，at length）

His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talk at length to himself and his pets and the television.6.畢竟，金錢不是萬能的，最富有的人不一定是最幸福的（after all）

After all, money is not everything.The richest people are not necessarily the happiest.1.The new mechanism is not so effective as they had expected, for months passed and there has been no big improvement in management efficiency.新的機制并不像他們預(yù)期的那樣有效，因為數(shù)月過去了，但管理效率并沒有明顯改進。

2.I don’t want to scare you unnecessarily, but you might as well face facts and look at a few numbers.我不想不必要地嚇唬你，可你最好還是面對事實，看看一些數(shù)字吧。

3.Loneliness is marked by a sense of isolation.Solitude, on the other hand, is a state of being alone without being lonely and can lead to self-awareness.孤獨的特點是一種與世隔絕感，而獨居則是獨自一人卻不感到寂寞的狀態(tài)，它能引發(fā)自我 意識。

4.Loneliness is a negative state.One feels that something is missing.It is possible to be with people and still feel lonely-perhaps the bitterest form of loneliness.孤獨是一種消極的狀態(tài)，你會感到失去了某種東西。你可能與別人在一起仍然感到孤獨— 這也許是孤獨最痛苦的形式。

5.Solitude is a positive state of engagement with oneself.Solitude is desirable, a state of being alone where you provide yourself wonderful and sufficient company.獨居是一種與自我相約的積極的狀態(tài)。獨居是值得向往的，是獨自一人、享受自我愉快而又 充實的陪伴的一種狀態(tài)。

6.Thoreau says that loneliness can occur even amid companions if one’s heart is not open to them.梭羅說，一個人即使身處同伴之中，如果不對他們敞開心扉，仍會感到孤獨。

第四篇：新視野大學(xué)英語第四冊Vocabulary及翻譯(修訂版)

新視野大學(xué)英語第四冊Vocabulary及翻譯

1.Hundreds of workers sat 流水線)to start again.數(shù)百名工人被閑置在工廠地板上等待流水線重新開始。

2.To some of our problems there was more than one answer, so we were looking at the students’ reasoning as to how they got it and if they couldthe answer they had.對我們的一些問題有一個以上的答案,所以我們看學(xué)生推理他們?nèi)绾蔚玫剿?如果他們能證明他們的答案。

3.Consumers expect to find the brand(品牌)available at a(n)and are unpleasantly surprised to find a higher price.消費者期望發(fā)現(xiàn)品牌(品牌)可以在一個(n)的折扣和非常驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)一個更高的價格。

4.The European Union is made up of 27 nations with(獨特的)cultural, linguistic(語言學(xué)的)and economic roots(根源,根本).歐盟的27個國家組成的具有明顯的的文化、語言和經(jīng)濟根源。

5.Police found 警方發(fā)現(xiàn)了微量的血在汽車座椅。

6.Despite his promise to eliminate(消除)cronyism(任人唯親的), he was openlyof giving government positions to friends and relatives.盡管他承諾消除任人唯親他被指控向公開政府的職務(wù)的朋友和親戚。

7.But I would like t accept his kind offer if he did notto my sharing the seed with my friend, Mary, who was an experienced grower and had a beautiful rock garden.但是我想沒有接受他的好意,如果他不反對我和我的朋友分享種子,瑪麗,她是一位經(jīng)驗豐富的種植者和有一個美麗的石頭花園。

8.The pollution from factories continues tothe river and also poses(造成)health threat to people living nearby.來自工廠的污染繼續(xù)污染河流也對附近的居民造成健康威脅。

9.We believe it’s possible to(維持)growth through the use of different kinds of energy that will allow for lower carbon emissions.我們相信可以維持(維持)增長通過使用不同種類的能源,這將允許降低碳排放量。

10.The people loved her so much that they nicknamed her “Evita”, and long after her death, many Argentines continue toher.人們愛她,以至于他們曾戲稱她為“埃維塔”,長在她死后,很多阿根廷人繼續(xù)崇拜她。

11.To our surprise，when he heard the news he laughed suddenly and all the anger in his faceaway.讓我們吃驚的是,當(dāng)他聽到這個消息,他笑了突然和所有的憤怒都在他的臉上消失了。

12.The Prime Minister said his government would try topublic trust

首相說他的政府將嘗試恢復(fù)公眾信任

13.Although she was quite young，she showed a lot ofand was promoted to manager after a year.雖然她很年輕,她表現(xiàn)了極大的積極性和被提升為經(jīng)理一年之后。

14.There is no doubt that children learn far more by example than by precept(規(guī)矩)，and therefore teachershave a(n)to behave well themselves.毫無疑問,孩子們學(xué)習(xí)到多得多的例子比言教(規(guī)矩),因此老師有(n)義務(wù)要好好表現(xiàn)自己。

15.It is believed that listening to gentle and soft music might help torelaxation and reduce stress.據(jù)說聽輕音樂可能有助于讓人放松和減輕壓力。

16.The young driver looked over the engine carefullyit should go wrong on the way.這個年輕的司機仔細檢查了發(fā)動機,以防在路上出毛病。

17.Seeing the patient in good condition after the operation，the doctor breathed a sigh of1

看到病人情況良好手術(shù)后,醫(yī)生松了一口氣

18.Will these findings more information on prehistoric man?

將這些發(fā)現(xiàn)提供更多的信息在史前的人嗎?

19.A special committee was formed tointo complaints made by several employees who claimed to

have been treated unfairly by the company.一個特別委員會的成立是為了調(diào)查幾個員工的投訴他聲稱曾由公司不公平的對待。

20.Stress can be extremely damaging to your health.Exercise,壓力可以對你的健康造成極大的損害。與此同時,鍛煉,可以降低它的影響。

21.I prefer to eat vegetables我喜歡吃未經(jīng)烹飪的生蔬菜，因為我相信這有利于健康。

22.Ifof the charge he would face a prison sentence of six years.如果被判有罪，他將面臨6年的有期徒刑。

23.Any claims for refund or如要求退款或賠償，必須在28天內(nèi)將書面申請交至我們總公司。

24.If you will require childcare in order to attend the meeting, please or Martha at Jordan’s office.如果你為了參加會議而要求照看孩子，請到喬丹的辦公室留消息給簡或瑪莎，這樣我們就會知曉了。

25.The government attaches great importance to the training of food handlers and the new Food Safety Act

contains specific on this.政府很重視對食物生產(chǎn)者進行培訓(xùn)，新的《食品安全法》對這一點有明文規(guī)定。

26.Keep your保留好收據(jù)，這樣商品出問題時你可以拿收據(jù)來更換。

27.Her job in that company was to merely fill the containers and thenlabels on them.她在公司的工作就是把罐子裝滿，然后在上面貼上標(biāo)簽。

28.When he realized that one engine was not working, the pilotair traffic control.當(dāng)飛行員意識到一個引擎壞了時，他向空中交通管制部門發(fā)了警報

29.My garden is too dry and shady—not many plants我家的花園既干燥又陰涼，沒有多少植物可以在這樣的環(huán)境中茁壯成長。

30.This is tothat the holder of this certificate has been awarded top prize in the English-speaking

contest.這可以證明該證書的所有者在英語演講比賽中獲得了第一名。

31.Although this report onlythe surface of the subject, it has already sparked a nationwide

debate.雖然這個報告只是觸及了這個話題的表面，它卻已經(jīng)引發(fā)了全國范圍內(nèi)的討論。

32.Mrs.Cresson will need all her negotiating skills toher bills through parliament.克萊森夫人需要運用她的一切談判技巧以使議會通過她的議案。

33.International Aid Agencies haveships to transport supplies to the area stuck by natural

disaster.國際援助機構(gòu)已經(jīng)租了輪船向受災(zāi)地區(qū)運輸物資。

34.Viewed from that particular從那個特殊的角度來看，當(dāng)然，整個事件看起來是可疑的。

35.The government has been urged to lift theof secrecy surrounding the minister’s unexpected visit

abroad.政府被要求揭開部長突然出國訪問的秘密。

36.I was just wondering how I could get home, when suddenly, as if by , a taxi pulled up.我正在想如何回家，突然就像變魔術(shù)一樣，一輛出租車在我身邊停了下來。

37.We all have a very high opinion of Dr.Franklin’s work.In thesurgery, he has no equal.我們對富蘭克林醫(yī)生的工作都有很高的評價，在外科領(lǐng)域，他是無人能及的。

38.But the advertisements that reallyme are not the ones aimed at women but ones aimed at men.但是真正讓我煩惱的廣告不是針對女性的廣告，而是針對男性的廣告。

39.These youngsters ,“fully-equipped”, went into a(n)puma, which was reported to have been observed.那些全副武裝的年輕人進入茂密、潮濕的森林搜尋野生美洲獅，據(jù)報道有人曾看見過它。

40.The articleChina’s educational achievements during the past 20 years and outlined its

development plants for the next ten years.這篇文章強調(diào)了在過去的20年里中國在教育方面取得的成就，并概述了未來10年的發(fā)展規(guī)劃。生產(chǎn)商目前正在制定數(shù)字傳輸和信號接收的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

41.Now people caninformation much more quickly than ever before.如今人們比以前傳送信息要快得多。

42.Every effort has been made tothat all information was correct at the time of publication.竭盡全力來確保所有消息在公布時都是準(zhǔn)確的。

43.A ’s success is their system of finding and looking after new talent.德國成功的關(guān)鍵是他們可以尋找和發(fā)現(xiàn)新型人才的系統(tǒng)。

44.When carrying out such exercises, students are actively involved in the learning process and they receive

constant在做這些練習(xí)時，學(xué)生積極地參與到學(xué)習(xí)的過程中，并不斷地獲得關(guān)于他們進展的反饋。

45.I start my day by readingand writing replies.我一天的工作就從閱讀和回復(fù)信件開始了。

46.In his academic career, Professor Smith hadin international politics with an emphasis on the

politics of East Europe.史密斯教授在自己的學(xué)術(shù)生涯中專攻國際政治，研究方向是東歐政治。

47.In our university, each student has a personalwhom they normally meet two or three times a term

for an individual review of general progress.在我們大學(xué)，每名學(xué)生有一個私人導(dǎo)師，學(xué)生要和導(dǎo)師一學(xué)期碰兩到三次面，回顧個人學(xué)業(yè)的總

體進展。

48.The town is built by the side of a hill,the name Hillside.這個小鎮(zhèn)依山而建，因此取名“山坡”。

49.Beginning in fourth grade, students are expected to spent a considerable wording independently.學(xué)生們從四年級開始，就被要求把相當(dāng)一部分學(xué)習(xí)時間用在獨立學(xué)習(xí)上。

50.With piles ofto be dealt with, he should not have gone to the movie with you.有一大堆文件要處理，他本不應(yīng)該和你一起去看電影的。

51.Employees at ’s words and closely watch their

expression.那些做著卑賤工作的員工必須仔細斟酌老板的每句話，小心謹慎地看他們的臉色行事。

52.In Paris, the Eiffel Tower closed to the public for four hours after a morning snowfall made it tooto climb.在巴黎，因一天早晨的大雪導(dǎo)致太滑而不能登塔，埃菲爾鐵塔關(guān)閉了四小時。

53.Children and, later, teenagers have to learn to put a brake on their impulses, to孩子們以后會長成青少年，他們必須學(xué)會控制沖動以抑制自己的欲望。

54.Some poets and philosophers choose to live in solitude because they can findin it.一些詩人和哲學(xué)家選擇獨處，因為他們能在獨處中找到靈感。

55.No one noticed that the little boy had誰也沒注意到那個小男孩已溜進房間，坐在那兒聽。

56.Blake was wrongfully arrested and is now demanding anfrom the police.布萊克遭到誤捕，他現(xiàn)在正要求警察道歉。

57.After months of , I personally can conclude that it was pretty much an arbitrary policy.通過數(shù)月觀察，我個人可以斷定，那幾乎是一項專制政策。

58.Though he did not , he went at a pace slow enough for the listeners to take down a lot of what he

said.他雖不是做口述，但他已足夠慢的速度說話以便聽眾能記下他所說的大部分內(nèi)容。

59.Some people feel totallywhen faced with new responsibilities.一些人在面臨新的責(zé)任時覺得手足無措。

60.The philosopher is said to be aman.He closed himself indoors and rarely had visitors.據(jù)說那位哲學(xué)家是一個深居簡出的人。他很少出門，也沒有他人來訪。

61.It is generally acknowledged that psychology is extremely心理學(xué)被公認為是一門很抽象的理論科學(xué)。

62.All of these festivals were regarded as所有這些節(jié)日都被當(dāng)作是神圣的，屆時一切日常工作都會停下來。

63.It was a terrible accident.那是一次可怕的交通事故，然而乘坐飛機仍然是最安全的交通方式。

64.What is perhaps of great importance is the fact that she challenged the decision of her employers and

won the

case against all.也許最重要的是，她挑戰(zhàn)了老板的決定，并不計艱難地贏了官司。

65.Far from helping the situation, the new regulations are likely to新規(guī)定不僅絲毫沒有改善情況，反而是事情變得更復(fù)雜了。

66.They enjoy each other’s company and are prepared to他們喜歡彼此相伴，做好了忍受任何不便的準(zhǔn)備。

67.She suffers from periods of deep , when she locks herself away and will speak to no one for

weeks.她極為消沉地度過了一段時期，把自己鎖起來，幾周都不與別人說話。

68.Both sides hope that the disputes can be solved without雙方希望不用訴諸武力即可解決爭端。

69.Susanin horror when a young man suddenly appeared with a gun from her back.當(dāng)一個持槍的年輕人突然從她身后出現(xiàn)時，蘇珊嚇得驚叫起來。

70.A person with an eatingmay maintain a normal weight and so their condition may go

unnoticed for years.一個飲食不規(guī)律的人有可能保持正常體重，因此其狀況多年不會引起注意。

Computer-based communications can offer many educational opportunities;therefore, educators will need to current teaching methods into the classroom.計算機通信可以提供更多的教育機會，因此，教室需要改進現(xiàn)代教學(xué)方法，吧這些新媒介融入課

堂教學(xué)中。

71.Since its release, Dr.Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence has heated debates about the

importance of EQ in one’s success in work and in life.丹尼爾?戈爾曼的《情感智能》一書自出版以來，引起了關(guān)于情商在人的工作和生活中重要性的激烈討論。

72.Due to different life experiences and social backgrounds, people’s from person to person.由于不同的人生體驗和社會背景，人們對同一個事件的看法也會不一樣。

73.Dr.Goleman believes that the future.戈爾曼博士認為培養(yǎng)情商在將來會越來越重要。

74.When psychologists began to think about intelligence, they used to as memory and problem-solving.當(dāng)心理學(xué)家開始思考智力問題時，他們常常局限于認識能力方面，如記憶力和解決問題的能力。

75.The purchase of 500 tanks is part of a strategy to increase militaryby 25% over the next five

years.購買500輛坦克是在下個5年內(nèi)將軍事力量提高25%的戰(zhàn)略的一部分。

76.as EQ is, the company has attached much importance to the development of emotional

intelligence of its staff.雖然對于情商還有爭議，但這家公司很重視員工情商的發(fā)展。

77.Working in a refugee camp and seeing the sufferings of the war victims had helped to raise his political.他在難民營工作看到戰(zhàn)爭受害者遭受的苦難，這使他提高了政治覺悟。

78.If you were interested in EQ, I’d Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman—it’

s informative.如果你對情商感興趣，我將會向你推薦丹尼爾?戈爾曼寫的《情感智能》一書，該書內(nèi)容較為翔實。

79.The state will encourage scientific and technological research, and promote the and technology to innovate traditional industries and develop high-tech industries.該國將鼓勵科學(xué)和技術(shù)研究，并促進科技的運用以改造傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)，并發(fā)展高科技行業(yè)。

80.She thought that if she armed herself with all the knowledge she could gather she couldanything.她想，如果能用自己所獲得的全部知識來武裝自己，那么她就能處理好所有的事情。

81.The combination of education and psychology has both immediate practical and long-term value, as the

two fields 教育學(xué)與心理學(xué)的結(jié)合既有眼前的實用性又有長遠價值，因為這兩個領(lǐng)域在多個層面上相互滲透和影響。

82.I am confident that we can我確信我們可以在幾個月的時間內(nèi)恢復(fù)和平、穩(wěn)定以及對法規(guī)的尊重。

83.Anger is the natural reaction we experience when we feel threatened or.憤怒是人們感到自己受到威脅或者沮喪時的自然反應(yīng)。

84.Low lighting and soft musicthe atmosphere in the room.微弱的燈光和輕柔的音樂增添了房間里的氣氛。

85.It is highly recommended that old people check their diet against healthy food recommendations andwhere necessary.強烈建議老年人依照推薦的健康食品來檢查自己的飲食情況，必要時進行調(diào)整。

86.It is乘車旅行時不經(jīng)歷一些顛簸幾乎是不可能的。

87.Good presentation is an essentialof effective communication, but that is not all—clarity of

thought, understanding of subject, equal respect for the audience are equally important.有效交流的基本要素是清楚的表達，但這還不夠，思路清晰、理解話題、給聽眾以同等的尊重，這些同樣重要。

88.The students are immature and curious, so they can hardly resist theand indulge in net

surfing.這些學(xué)生不成熟、好奇心強，因此他們很難抗拒網(wǎng)絡(luò)的誘惑，從而沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界。

89.Humans are人類享有自由選擇的權(quán)力。

第五篇：新視野大學(xué)英語第三版第四冊課文及翻譯

Love and logic: The story of fallacy I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob.That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket.He wasn't the brightest guy.Polly wasn't too shrewd, either.But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup.She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer.If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition.“Radiant” she was already.I could dispense her enough pearls of wisdom to make her “well-spoken”.After a banner day out, I drove until we were situated under a big old oak tree on a hill off the expressway.What I had in mind was a little eccentric.I thought the venue with a perfect view of the luminous city would lighten the mood.We stayed in the car, and I turned down the stereo and took my foot off the brake pedal.“What are we going to talk about?” she asked.愛情與邏輯：謬誤的故事

在我和室友羅伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次約會。那一年校園里每個人都有件皮夾克，而羅伯是校足球隊員中唯一一個沒有皮夾克的，他一想到這個就受不了，于是他和我達成了一項協(xié)議，用他的女友換取我的夾克。他可不那么聰明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。

但她漂亮而且富有，也沒有把頭發(fā)染成奇怪的顏色或是化很濃的妝。她擁有合適的家庭背景，足以勝任一名堅忍而睿智的律師的女友。如果我能夠讓我所申請的頂尖律師事務(wù)所看到我身邊伴隨著一位光彩照人、談吐優(yōu)雅的另一半，我就很有可能在競聘中以微弱優(yōu)勢獲勝。“光彩照人”，她已經(jīng)是了。而我也能施予她足夠多的“智慧之珠”，讓她變得“談吐優(yōu)雅”。

在一起外出度過了美好的一天之后，我驅(qū)車來到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡樹下。我的想法有些怪異。而這個地方能夠俯瞰燈火燦爛的城區(qū)，我覺得它會使人的心情變輕松。我們呆在車子里，我調(diào)低了音響并把腳從剎車上挪開?！拔覀円勑┦裁矗俊彼龁柕?。

“Logic.” “Cool,” she said over her gum.“The doctrine of logic,” I said, ”is a staple of clear thinking.Failures in logic distort the truth, and some of them are well known.First let's look at the fallacy Dicto Simpliciter.“ ”Great,” she agreed.“Dicto Simpliciter means an unqualified generalization.For example: Exercise is good.Therefore, everybody should exercise.” She nodded in agreement.I could see she was stumped.“Polly,” I explained, “it's too simple a generalization.If you have, say, heart disease or extreme obesity, exercise is bad, not good.Therefore, you must say exercise is good for most people.” “Next is Hasty Generalization.Self-explanatory, right? Listen carefully: You can't speak French.Rob can't speak French.Looks like nobody at this school can speak French.” “Really?” said Polly, amazed.“Nobody?” “This is also a fallacy,” I said.“The generalization is reached too hastily.Too few instances support such a conclusion.” She seemed to have a good time.I could safely say my plan was underway.I took her home and set a date for another conversation.Seated under the oak the next evening I said, “Our first fallacy tonight is called Ad Misericordiam.” She nodded with delight.“Listen closely,” I said.“A man applies for a job.When the boss asks him what his qualifications are, he says he has six children to feed.” “Oh, this is awful, awful,” she whispered in a choked voice.“Yes, it?s awful,” I agreed, “but it's no argument.The man never answered the boss's question.Instead he appealed to the boss's sympathyRob and I are back together.With great effort, I said calmly, ”How could you give me the axe over Rob? Look at me, an ingenious student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future.“錯誤類比，”波莉立即回應(yīng)。

“你的前提是約會就如同吃東西。可你不是蛋糕，你是個男孩?！?/p>

我又笑了笑，不過不覺得那么有趣了，同時還不能表露出我害怕她學(xué)得太好了。再錯幾步我可就無法挽回了。我決定改變策略，轉(zhuǎn)而嘗試奉承她的辦法?！安ɡ?，我愛你。請答應(yīng)做我的女朋友，沒有你我什么也不是。” “文不對題，”她說。

“你還真是能在遇到邏輯謬誤時一一辨別它們了，”我說，心里的希望已經(jīng)開始動搖。

“不過不要對它們太死板，我是說這都是些學(xué)術(shù)的東西。你知道，學(xué)校里學(xué)的東西和實際生活根本沒有什么聯(lián)系?！?“絕對判斷，”她說道，“而且，你自己教的東西應(yīng)該自己身體力行?！?我一下跳了起來，怒火中燒，“你到底愿不愿意做我的女朋友？” “我不愿意，”她答道。

“為什么？”我追問道?！拔覍α硪晃磺髳壅吒信d趣――羅伯和我重歸于好了。” 我極力地保持著平靜，說道：“你怎么會甩了我而選擇羅伯？

看看我，一個聰明過人的學(xué)生，一個不同凡響的學(xué)者，一個前途無量的人。

“錯誤類比，”波莉立即回應(yīng)?！澳愕那疤崾羌s會就如同吃東西?？赡悴皇堑案?，你是個男孩?！?/p>

我又笑了笑，不過不覺得那么有趣了，同時還不能表露出我害怕她學(xué)得太好了。再錯幾步我可就無法挽回了。我決定改變策略，轉(zhuǎn)而嘗試奉承她的辦法。34 “波莉，我愛你。請答應(yīng)做我的女朋友，沒有你我什么也不是?！?/p>

“文不對題，”她說。

“你還真是能在遇到邏輯謬誤時一一辨別它們了，” 我說，心里的希望已經(jīng)開始動搖。“不過不要對它們太死板，我是說這都是些學(xué)術(shù)的東西。你知道，學(xué)校里學(xué)的東西和實際生活根本沒有什么聯(lián)系。” 37 “絕對判斷，”她說道，“而且，你自己教的東西應(yīng)該自己身體力行。” 38 我一下跳了起來，怒火中燒，“你到底愿不愿意做我的女朋友？”

“我不愿意，”她答道。

“為什么？”我追問道。

“我對另一位求愛者更感興趣——羅伯和我重歸于好了?！?/p>

我極力地保持著平靜，說道：“你怎么會甩了我而選擇羅伯？看看我，一個聰明過人的學(xué)生，一個不同凡響的學(xué)者，一個前途無量的人。再看看羅伯，一個肌肉發(fā)達的蠢材，一個有了上頓沒下頓的家伙。你是否能給我一個充足的理由，為什么要選擇跟他？”

“喔，這是什么假設(shè)?。榱俗屜衲氵@樣聰明的人能夠明白，我這么說吧，”波莉反駁道，聲音里充滿了諷刺，“事情的真相是——我喜歡羅伯穿皮衣。是我讓他同意你們的協(xié)議的，這樣他就能擁有你的夾克！”

再看看羅伯，一個肌肉發(fā)達的蠢材，一個有了上頓沒下頓的家伙。你是否能給我一個充足的理由，為什么要選擇跟他？”

“喔，這是什么假設(shè)??！為了讓像你這樣聰明的人能夠明白，我這么說吧，”波莉反駁道，聲音里充滿了諷刺，“事情的真相是——我喜歡羅伯穿皮衣。是我讓他同意你們的協(xié)議的，這樣他就能擁有你的夾克！”

Unit 2 The confusing pursuit of beauty

If you're a man, at some point a woman will ask you how she looks.You must be careful how you answer this question.The best technique is to form an honest yet sensitive response, then promptly excuse yourself for some kind of emergency.Trust me, this is the easiest way out.No amount of rehearsal will help you come up with the right answer.The problem is that men do not think of their looks in the same way women do.Most men form an opinion of themselves in seventh grade and stick to it for the rest of their lives.Some men think they're irresistibly desirable, and they refuse to change this opinion even when they grow bald and their faces visibly wrinkle as they age.Most men, I believe, are not arrogant about their looks.If the transient thought passes through their minds at all, they like to think of themselves as average-looking.Being average doesn't bother them;average is fine.They don't affix much value to their looks, or think of them in terms of aesthetics.Their primary form of beauty care is to shave themselves, which is essentially the same care they give to their lawns.If, at the end of his four-minute allotment of time for grooming, a man has managed to wipe most of the shaving cream out of the strands of his hair and isn't bleeding too badly, he feels he's done all he can.Women do not look at themselves this way.If I had to guess what most women think about their appearance, it would be: “Not good enough.” No matter how attractive a woman may be, her perception of herself is eclipsed by the beauty industry.She has trouble thinking I'm beautiful, She magnifies the smallest imperfections in her body and imagines them as glaring flaws the whole world will notice and ridicule.令人困惑的對美的追求

如果你是一位男士，肯定在某個時候會有女士問你她看起來怎么樣。

對于如何應(yīng)對這個問題，你一定得小心。最好的對策就是給一個誠實但又謹慎的回答，然后借口有急事馬上脫身。相信我，這是最簡單的方法。對于她的這一問題，無論你事先練習(xí)多少次，都不會找到正確答案。

其原因是，男性和女性對外表的看法截然不同。大多數(shù)男性對自己外表的評價在七年級時就形成了，而且終生不變。有些男性認為自己有不可抗拒的魅力，即使隨著年齡的增長，他們頭發(fā)掉光了，臉上布滿皺紋，他們?nèi)匀痪芙^改變這種看法。我相信，大多數(shù)男性都不會對自己的相貌感到過分自傲。如果他們偶爾想到自己外表的話，他們愿意認為自己樣貌中等。長相普通不會使他們有任何煩惱，因為普通就已經(jīng)是很好了。男性不是特別注重自己的外貌，也不會從美學(xué)的角度去審視自己。他們的打扮方式主要就是刮刮胡子，就像打理自家草坪一樣。對于一位男性來說，如果能花四分鐘刮刮胡子，結(jié)束之后再把粘到頭發(fā)上的剃須膏擦凈，又沒有出血太厲害，他就覺得自己已經(jīng)盡心盡力了。

女性可不是這樣看待自己的。如果非要我猜測大多數(shù)女性對自己的相貌是如何評價的話，那肯定是：“還不夠好?！币晃慌?，無論她看起來多么吸引人，她對自己的看法總是由于受美容業(yè)的影響而蒙著一層陰影。要她認為“我很漂亮”是一件難事。她把身體上的極小的不完美之處加以放大，并且幻想這些缺點十分明顯，以至于全世界的人都會注意到并且嘲笑她。

Why do women consider their looks so deficient? This chronic insecurity isn't inborn, but created through the interaction of many complex psychological and societal factors, beginning with the dolls we give them as children.Girls grow up playing with dolls proportioned so that, if they were human, they would be seven feet tall and weigh 61 pounds, with tiny thighs and a large upper body.This is an absurd standard to live up to, especially when you consider the size of the doll's waist, a relative measurement physically impossible for a living human to achieve.Contrast this absurd standard with that presented to little boys with their “action figures”.Most of the toys that young boys have played with were weird-looking, like the one called Buzz-Off that was part human, part flying insect.This guy was not a looker, but he was still extremely self-confident.You could not imagine him saying to the others, “Is this accessory the right shade of violet for this outfit?” But women grow up thinking they need to look like Barbie dolls or girls on magazine covers, which for most women is impossible.Nonetheless, the multibillion-dollar beauty industry, complete with its own aisle in the grocery store, is devoted to constant warfare on female self-esteem, convincing women that they must buy all the newest moisturizing creams, bronzing powders and appliances that promise to “stimulate and restore” their skin.I once saw an Oprah Show in which supermodel Cindy Crawford dispensed makeup tips to the studio audience.Cindy had all these middle-aged women apply clay masks and other “wrinkle-removing” products to their faces;she stressed how important it was to adhere to the guidelines, like applying products via the tips of their fingers to protect elasticity.All the women dutifully did this, even though it was obvious to any rational observer that, no matter how carefully they applied these products, they would never have Cindy Crawford's face or complexion.為什么女性會把自己的外貌想得這么差呢？這種長期的不安全感并不是與生倶來的，而是由許多復(fù)雜的心理和社會因素的相互作用造成的，從小時候大人們給她們買洋娃娃時就開始了。女孩成長過程中擺弄的洋娃娃，如果按照身材比例還原為真人大小的話，就會是 7 英尺高，61 英磅重，大腿纖細，上身豐滿。要達到這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是很荒唐的，尤其是當(dāng)我們想想那種洋娃娃的腰圍尺寸，就知道其相對尺寸對任何一個活人來說都是不可企及的。與女孩玩具的這種荒唐標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比，小男孩們得到的“動作玩偶”卻是完全不同的模樣。大多數(shù)男孩的玩具都樣貌古怪，例如那個叫作“蜜蜂俠”的玩偶，一半像人，一半像會飛的昆蟲。這個玩偶盡管樣子不好看，但仍然非常自信。你肯定無法想象他會問別人說：“這個配飾的紫羅蘭色和這件外套配不配呢？”

然而，女性在成長過程中卻認為自己應(yīng)該長得像芭比娃娃或雜志的封面女郎那樣，這對大多數(shù)女性來說是不可能的。盡管如此，產(chǎn)值達幾十億美元的美容業(yè)，在超市化妝品銷售專區(qū)的配合下，總是在不停地攻擊著女性的自尊，使其相信自己只有購買最新的保濕面霜、古銅散粉，以及各種美容器具，才能“激發(fā)和恢復(fù)”肌膚活力。我曾經(jīng)看過一期《奧普拉脫口秀》，在節(jié)目中，超級名模辛迪?克勞馥和演播室里的觀眾分享了自己的化妝秘訣。辛迪要求這些中年婦女在臉上敷上黏土面膜和其他去皺產(chǎn)品；她還強調(diào)一定要遵守這些方法，例如：往臉上涂抹這些產(chǎn)品時，要用指尖，這樣可以保護皮膚的彈性。所有這些婦女都非常忠實地按照辛迪說的做了?？墒菍θ魏我粋€理智的旁觀者來說，無論她們?nèi)绾握J真地使用這些產(chǎn)品，她們都不可能擁有辛迪那樣的面容或膚色。

I'm not saying that men are superior.I'm just saying that you're not going to get a group of middle-aged men to plaster cosmetics to themselves under the instruction of Brad Pitt in hopes of looking more like him.Men don't face the same societal focus purely on physical beauty, and they're encouraged to reach out to other characteristics to promote their self-esteem.They might say to Brad: “Oh yeah? Well, what do you know about lawn care, pretty boy?” Of course women argue that they become obsessed with appearance as a reaction to pressure from men.The truth is that most men think beauty is more than just lipstick and perfume and take no notice of these extra details.I have never once, in more than 40 years of listening to men talk about women, heard a man say, “She had gorgeous fingernails!” To most men, little things like fingernails are all homogeneous anyway, and one woman's flawless pink polish is exactly as invisible as another's bare nails.By participating in this system of extreme conformity, women are actually opening themselves up to the scrutiny of other women, the only ones qualified to judge their efforts.What is the real benefit of working this hard to appease men who don't notice when it only exposes women to prosecution from other women? Anyway, to get back to my original point: If you're a man, and a woman asks you how she looks, you can't say she looks bad without receiving immediate and well-deserved outrage.But you also can't shower her with empty compliments about how her shoes complement her dress nicely because she'll know you're lying.She has spent countless hours worrying about the differences between her looks and Cindy Crawford's.Also,she suspects that you're not qualified to voice a subjective opinion on anybody's appearance.This may be because you have shaving cream in your hair and inside the folds of your ears.我并不是說男性優(yōu)于女性。我的意思是你不可能讓一群中年男子在布拉德?皮特的指導(dǎo)下把化妝品敷到自己臉上，期望自己能看起來更像布拉德。與女性不同，男性的外貌美不是社會所關(guān)注的唯一焦點。人們會鼓勵男性借助其他特征來提升自尊。他們也許會對布拉德說：“是嗎？那么帥哥，你對草坪維護又知道多少？” 當(dāng)然，女性會爭辯說她們對外表的熱衷追求是出于對來自男性的壓力的一種反應(yīng)。而事實是，大多數(shù)男性認為美麗不僅僅來自于口紅和香水，而且他們也不會去注意這些額外的細節(jié)。四十多年來，我在聽男性談?wù)撆詴r，從來沒有一次聽到過哪位男性這樣說：“她的指甲真漂亮??！”對大多數(shù)男性來說，像指甲這樣小的東西看起來都一樣，無論一個女士的指甲是用粉色指甲油涂得完美無瑕，還是光光的毫無修飾，男性都一概視而不見。

女性參與這種極端的從眾行為，實際上是把自己置于其他女性的審視之下，因為只有那些女性才有資格評價她們所付出的努力。但是，如此費力地去取悅男性而他們卻根本不會注意，同時又只是招致其他女性的指責(zé)，這樣做究竟有什么好處呢？

不管怎樣，言歸正傳：如果你是一位男性，當(dāng)有女士問你她看起來怎么樣時，你千萬不能說她看起來很糟糕，那樣肯定會使她立刻遷怒于你，這也是你咎由自取。但是，你也不能慷慨地大放空洞之詞，贊美她的鞋子和裙子是多么相配，因為她知道你是在說謊。她已經(jīng)花費了無數(shù)個小時發(fā)愁自己的容貌不能和辛迪?克勞馥的一樣。而且，也許因為你的頭發(fā)和耳廓上粘著剃須膏，她會懷疑你根本沒有資格對任何人的外表給出主觀評價。

Unit 3 Fred Smith and FedEx: The vision that changed the world

Every night several hundred planes bearing a purple, white, and orange design touch down at Memphis Airport, in Tennessee.What precedes this landing are package pickups from locations all over the United States earlier in the day.Crews unload the planes' cargo of more than half a million parcels and letters.The rectangular packages and envelopes are rapidly reshuffled and sorted according to address, then loaded onto other aircraft, and flown to their destinations to be dispersed by handknown originally as Federal Expressstopping ozone depletion and the greenhouse effectbiodiversity is after all necessary to the ecosystem.But we must remember that not every species is needed to keep that diversity.Sometimes aesthetic aspects of life have to be sacrificed to more fundamental ones.If the cost of preserving the spotted owl is the loss of livelihood for 30,000 logging families, I choose the families(with their saws and chopped timber)over the owl.11 The important distinction is between those environmental goods that are fundamental and those that are not.Nature is our ward, not our master.It is to be respected and even cultivated.But when humans have to choose between their own well-being and that of nature, nature will have to accommodate.12 Humanity should accommodate only when its fate and that of nature are inseparably bound up.The most urgent maneuver must be undertaken when the very integrity of humanity's habitat, e.g., the atmosphere or the essential geology that sustains the core of the earth, is threatened.When the threat to humanity is lower in the hierarchy of necessity, a more modest accommodation that balances economic against health concerns is in order.But in either case the principle is the same: protect the environmentat first.But after a while, it annoys, as if the only things that people heard one say were what had been filtered through the sieve of social niceties: I'm so pleased to meet you.I've heard many wonderful things about you.These remarks are not representative of new ideas, honest emotions, or considered thought.Like a piece of bread, they are only the crust of the interaction, or what is said from the polite distance of social contexts: greetings, farewells, convenient excuses, and the like.This generalization, therefore, is not a true composite of Chinese culture but only a stereotype of our exterior behavior.“So how does one say 'yes' and 'no' in Chinese?” my friends may ask carefully.At this junction, I do agree in part with The New York Times Magazine article.There is no one word for “yes” or “no”, but not out of necessity to be discreet.If anything, I would say the Chinese equivalent of answering “yes” or “no” is specific to what is asked.Ask a Chinese person if he or she has eaten, and he or she might say chrle(eaten already)or meiyou(have not).Ask, “Have you stopped beating your wife?” and the answer refers directly to the proposition being asserted or denied: stopped already, still have not, never beat, have no wife.What could be clearer? 我當(dāng)然相信每個人在一開始都會把這種描述的話當(dāng)成稱贊。但過了一段時間，這種話就會讓人惱怒，就好像所聽到的只是些經(jīng)過細微的社交區(qū)別過濾后的言辭，諸如“很高興認識你，我聽到許多人都夸獎你”之類的話。

這些話不能表達什么新觀點，也不能傳達什么真實的情感或深思熟慮的想法。它們就像一片面包，只是人們交往中最表層的東西，或社交場合下出于禮貌而說的一些話：問候、道別、順口的托詞，諸如此類。由此看來，那些對中國人的概括性評價并非是對中國文化成分的真實描述，而僅僅是對我們外在行為的一種成見而已。

“那么中文究竟怎么表達?是?和?不是?呢？”我的朋友也許會小心翼翼地問。

在這一點上，我的確在某種程度上同意《紐約時報雜志》的那篇文章。在中文里，沒有哪一個字專門用于表達“是”或“不是”，但這并非是因為需要保持謹慎。若的確有什么不同的話，那我會說中文里對應(yīng)的“是”或“不是”的表達通常是針對所問的具體內(nèi)容而定的。如果你問一個中國人是否吃飯了，他（或她）會說“吃了”（已經(jīng)吃過）或“沒有”（沒有吃過）。你若問：“你停止打老婆了嗎？”他會直接就所斷定或所否認的假設(shè)進行回答：已經(jīng)停止了，還沒有，從來不打，沒有老婆。還有什么能比這更明了的呢？

Unit 6 The weight men carry

When I was a boy growing up off the grid in the Commonwealth of Virginia, the men I knew labored with their bodies from the first rooster crow in the morning to sundown.They were marginal farmers, shepherds, just scraping by, or welders, steelworkers, carpenters;they built cabinets, dug ditches, mined coal, or drove trucks, their forearms thick with muscle.They trained horses, stocked furnaces, made tires, stood on assembly lines, welding parts onto refrigerators or lubricating car engines.In the evenings and on weekends, they labored equally hard, working on their own small tract of land, fixing broken-down cars, repairing broken shutters and drafty windows.In their little free time, they drowned their livers in beer from cheap copper mugs at a bar near the local brewery or racecourse.The bodies of the men I knew were twisted and wounded in ways visible and invisible.Heavy lifting had given many of them spinal problems and appalling injuries.Some had broken ribs and lost fingers.Racing against conveyor belts had given some ulcers.Their ankles and knees ached from years of standing on concrete.Some had partial vision loss as the glow of the welding flame damaged their optic receptors.There were times, studying them, when I dreaded growing up.All around us, the fathers always seemed older than the mothers.Men wore out sooner, being martyrs of constant work.Only women lived into old age.There were also soldiers, and so far as I could tell, they scarcely worked at all.But when the shooting started, many of them would die for their patriotism in fields and forts of foreign outposts.This was what soldiers were forthe news commentators, the lawyers, the doctors, the politicians who levied the taxes and the bosses who gave ordersany place where the fates of men and women are symmetrically bleak and grim.When the women I met at college thought about the joys and privileges of men, they didn't see the sort of men I had known.These daughters of privileged, Republican men wanted to inherit their fathers' power and lordship over the world.They longed for a say over their future.But so did I.The difference between me and these daughters was that they saw me, because of my sex, as destined from birth to become like their fathers, and therefore as an enemy to their desires.But I knew better.I wasn't an enemy to their desires, in fact or in feeling.I was an ally in their rebellion.If I had known, then, how to tell them so, or how to be a mediator, would they have believed me? Would they have known? 在這樣一個滿是富人的陌生世界里，我在理解女人們深深的怨怒方面很是遲鈍。這是因為，當(dāng)我還是一個小男孩時，我就嫉妒過她們。在上大學(xué)之前，我所認識的唯一對藝術(shù)、音樂或文學(xué)有興趣的人，唯一看上去能夠享受一絲自在的一群人就是那些做母親和女兒的人。而且，她們也不必去參加戰(zhàn)爭。與父親們所遭受的狹隘的、封閉的日子相比，母親們所承擔(dān)的相對較輕的工作顯得更加寬泛一些。她們剪用購物券，探訪鄰居，在學(xué)?；蚪烫门芘芡?。我仿佛是透過望遠鏡看到她們的生活，滿是閃爍的星星和一縷縷光線，而漏掉了她們生活歲月的真實細節(jié)。毋庸置疑，如果我用更具理性的方式審視她們的生活，我就不會那么嫉妒她們了?？稍谀菚r，我實在看不出一幢房子能成為什么樣的牢獄，因為房子在我看來比任何廠房都更亮堂、更體面。我也沒有意識到女人是多么頻繁地遭受男人的欺凌，因為這樣的事情從未被提及過。即使在那時，我也能夠看出一個母親整日忙碌著應(yīng)付年幼孩子們的需要是多么地辛苦。但是，作為男孩，如果我那時必須在照顧嬰兒和照看機器之間作選擇，我想我會選擇照顧嬰兒。

所以，當(dāng)學(xué)校里的女性大吵大囔，譴責(zé)我和我所屬的性別，說我們霸占著世間的歡樂時，我很困惑。她們要求從性別歧視的束縛中解放出來。我認為別的男孩（女孩也一樣）也會有我這樣的迷惑，只要他們成長于一貧如洗的農(nóng)村，成長于碼頭邊或工廠附近——成長于任何讓男人和女人的命運同樣蒼白和嚴酷的地方。當(dāng)我在大學(xué)里遇到的那些女子們想到男人的享樂和特權(quán)時，她們并沒有見過我以前認識的那些男人。這些特權(quán)階層的、共和黨男人的女兒們渴望繼承她們父親的權(quán)力和凌駕世界的貴族身份。她們渴望能對自己的未來擁有發(fā)言權(quán)。而我也渴望這樣。我和這些女兒們之間的區(qū)別在于，她們看我時想到的是，我因為自己的性別而自出生起就注定可以成為像她們父親那樣的人，從而也是她們實現(xiàn)自己欲望的敵人。但我比她們更清楚，無論是事實上還是情感上，我都不是她們欲望的敵人。我是她們反抗行動的同盟者。如果那時我就知道如何把這些告訴她們，或如何在中間做一個調(diào)停人，她們會相信我嗎？她們能夠理解嗎？