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      新視野大學(xué)英語2文章翻譯

      時(shí)間:2019-05-13 11:08:09下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
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      第一篇:新視野大學(xué)英語2文章翻譯

      Unit 1 English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language.Like other languages, English has changed greatly.The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language.During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the British Isles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world.The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English.Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the popularity of American cinema, television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet.人們普遍認(rèn)為英語是一種世界語言,經(jīng)常被許多不以英語為第一語言的國家使用。與其他語言一樣,英語也發(fā)生了很大的變化。英語的歷史可以分為三個(gè)主要階段:古英語,中古英語和現(xiàn)代英語。英語起源于公元5世紀(jì),當(dāng)時(shí)三個(gè)日耳曼部落入侵英國,他們對(duì)英語語言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)代社會(huì)初期,英語的影響遍及不列顛群島。從17世紀(jì)初,它的影響力開始在世界各地顯現(xiàn)。歐洲幾百年的探險(xiǎn)和殖民過程導(dǎo)致了英語的重大變化。今天,由于美國電影、電視、音樂、貿(mào)易和技術(shù)、包括互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的大受歡迎,美國英語的影響力尤其顯著。

      中國書法(calligraphy)是一門獨(dú)特的藝術(shù),是世界上獨(dú)一無二的藝術(shù)瑰寶。中國書法藝術(shù)的形成、發(fā)展與漢文字的產(chǎn)生與演進(jìn)存在著密不可分的關(guān)系。漢字在漫長的演變發(fā)展過程中,一方面起著交流思想、繼承文化的重要作用,另一方面它本身又形成了一種獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)。書法能夠通過作品把書法家個(gè)人的生活感受、學(xué)識(shí)、修養(yǎng)、個(gè)性等折射出來,所以,通常有“字如其人”的說法。中國書法不僅是中華民族的文化瑰寶,而且在世界文化藝術(shù)寶庫中獨(dú)放異彩。

      Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world.The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters.In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form.Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers' personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that “seeing the calligrapher's handwriting is like seeing the person”.As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world's treasure house of culture and art.Unit 2

      A MOOC(massive open online course)is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web.MOOCs are a recent development in distance education and have now become a surging trend in higher education.These classes are aimed at expanding a university's reach from thousands of tuition-paying students who live in town, to millions of students around the world.In addition to traditional course materials, MOOCs provide interactive user forums to support interactions between students and professors.MOOCs can encourage communication among participants who bring a variety of viewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course;inspire people to “try on” subjects that they wouldn't otherwise pursue or even try on education itself;provide multiple ways to engage with course material, encouraging multimodal(多模式的)learning that can address the needs of learners with a variety of learning styles;and inspire better teaching and use of technologies for face-to-face courses.慕課是一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程,它旨在通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)廣泛參與和開放接入。慕課是遠(yuǎn)程教育邁出的最新一步,現(xiàn)已在高等教育領(lǐng)域迅速引領(lǐng)潮流。通過這些課程,大學(xué)可以擴(kuò)大影響的范圍,從影響成千上萬住在城里付學(xué)費(fèi)的學(xué)生,擴(kuò)展到惠及全球上百萬的學(xué)生。除了擁有傳統(tǒng)的課程資料,慕課還給使用者提供互動(dòng)論壇,支持學(xué)生和講師之間的交流。慕課能夠促進(jìn)參與者之間的交流,使得多種觀點(diǎn)、知識(shí)和技能涌現(xiàn)到課堂上來;它鼓勵(lì)人們嘗試之前不可能嘗試的課程,甚至是嘗試新的教育方式;它提供多種學(xué)習(xí)課程資料的方式,鼓勵(lì)多模式學(xué)習(xí),以各種學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格滿足學(xué)習(xí)者的需求;另外,慕課促進(jìn)教學(xué)的改善,使技術(shù)在面對(duì)面授課中得以更好地應(yīng)用。

      近年來,隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,我國的數(shù)字化教育資源建設(shè)取得了巨大的成就。很多高校建立了自己的數(shù)字化學(xué)習(xí)的平臺(tái),數(shù)字化教學(xué)在教育中發(fā)揮著越來越大的作用。和傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方式相比,數(shù)字化教學(xué)方式有很大的優(yōu)勢。一方面,數(shù)字化教學(xué)使教學(xué)資源得以全球共享;另一方面,它拓展了學(xué)習(xí)者的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間和空間,人們可以隨時(shí)隨地通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)入數(shù)字化的虛擬學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。這使得人類從接受一次性教育走向終身學(xué)習(xí)成為可能。

      In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements.Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education.Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages.On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible;on the other hand, it expands the learner's study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere.These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.Unit 4 Valentine's Day on February 14 is celebrated in various American and European countries.It is a holiday of love and romance usually by exchanging valentines or love tokens between lovers.There are different origins regarding the festival.One legend goes that the Romans put a priest named Saint Valentine into prison for refusing to believe in the Roman gods.On February 14, Valentine was put to death not only because he was Christian, but also because he had cured the jailer's daughter of blindness.The night before he was executed he wrote her a farewell letter signed “From your Valentine”.Later, February 14 became a holiday for people to show affection for their loved ones.Today, people celebrate Valentine's Day in different ways, sending greeting cards and flowers, giving chocolate or other gifts, or joining in romantic dinners.The holiday has now become popular all over the world.In China the festival is also becoming increasingly popular with young people.美洲和歐洲各國都會(huì)慶祝2月14日的情人節(jié)。這是一個(gè)充滿愛情和浪漫的節(jié)日,戀人之間通常都會(huì)交換情人卡和愛情信物。關(guān)于這個(gè)節(jié)日的起源有著不同的說法。一個(gè)傳說是羅馬人把一個(gè)叫圣瓦倫丁的神父關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄,因?yàn)樗芙^相信羅馬神。2月14日那天,瓦倫丁被處死,不僅因?yàn)樗腔酵?,而且因?yàn)樗斡艘晃槐O(jiān)獄看守雙目失明的女兒。他在被處死的前一天晚上給她寫了一封署名“你的瓦倫丁”的告別信。后來,2月14日就成了一個(gè)人們可以為他們的情人展示感情的節(jié)日?,F(xiàn)在,人們以不同的方式慶祝情人節(jié),他們發(fā)送賀卡、鮮花,贈(zèng)送巧克力或其他禮品,或共進(jìn)浪漫的晚餐?,F(xiàn)在這個(gè)節(jié)日已流行世界各地。在中國,這個(gè)節(jié)日也正越來越受年輕人的歡迎。

      農(nóng)歷七月初七是中國的七夕節(jié)(Qixi Festival),是中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中最具浪漫色彩的一個(gè)節(jié)日。一些大的商家每年都舉辦不同的活動(dòng),年輕人也送禮物給他們的情人。因此,七夕節(jié)被認(rèn)為是中國的“情人節(jié)”(Valentine's Day)。七夕節(jié)來自牛郎與織女(Cowherd and Weaving Maid)的傳說。相傳,每年的這個(gè)夜晚,天上的織女都會(huì)與牛郎相會(huì)。所以,在七夕的夜晚,人們可以看到牛郎織女在銀河(the Milky Way)相會(huì)。姑娘們也會(huì)在這一天晚上向天上的織女乞求智慧,以獲得美滿姻緣。但隨著時(shí)代的變遷,這些活動(dòng)正在消失,唯有標(biāo)志著忠貞愛情的牛郎織女的傳說一直流傳民間。

      July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays.Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers.As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese “Valentine's Day”.The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid.The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd.So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi.On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage.But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing.All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.Unit 7

      The color and style of a wedding gown can depend on the religion and culture of the wedding participants.For example, in Western cultures brides often choose a white wedding dress, while in China the traditional wedding dress is in red.Though white has become the most preferred color for wedding gowns across the world today, this was not a widespread trend before the Victorian era.White became a popular option in 1840, when Queen Victoria wore a white gown at her wedding.The official wedding photograph was widely published, and many brides chose white to become the followers of the Queen.Many people believed that the color white symbolized virginity, though this was not the original intention.As far as the style is concerned, wedding dresses were once typically short in the front with a longer train in the back.This tendency continued until the late 1960s, when it became popular to revert to long, full-skirted designs.婚紗禮服的顏色和款式可取決于婚禮參與者的宗教和文化。例如,在西方文化中新娘通常會(huì)選擇白色的婚紗,而在中國,傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)婚禮服是紅色的。雖然白色已成為當(dāng)今婚紗禮服在世界各地最受青睞的顏色,可是這在維多利亞時(shí)期之前并不是一個(gè)普遍的潮流。白色在1840年成為了一個(gè)受歡迎的選擇,那年維多利亞女王在她的婚禮上穿了一件白色的禮服。官方的婚禮照片被廣泛刊登后,很多新娘都仿效女王選擇白色。很多人相信白色象征著童貞,盡管這不是她們選擇白色的初衷。就款式而言,婚紗禮服曾一度是前面短短的、后面是長長的裙擺。這種趨勢一直持續(xù)到20世紀(jì)60年代后期,那個(gè)時(shí)期全長裙邊的設(shè)計(jì)恢復(fù)了流行。

      中國是絲綢的故鄉(xiāng),因而有很多與絲綢相關(guān)的藝術(shù),刺繡(embroidery)就是其中的一種。刺繡是中國民間傳統(tǒng)手工藝之一,至少有兩、三千年的歷史。從事刺繡的多為女子,因此刺繡又被稱為“女紅”(women's needlework)。刺繡在中國受到了人們廣泛的喜愛。刺繡可用來裝飾衣物,如在衣服、被子、枕套(pillowcase)等物品上繡上美麗的圖案,也可制作成特別的飾品(ornament)。中國有四大名繡: 蘇州的蘇繡、廣東的粵繡、湖南的湘繡以及四川的蜀繡。各種繡法不僅風(fēng)格有差異,主題也各有不同。在這其中,蘇州的蘇繡最負(fù)盛名。

      China is home to silk, thereby having a variety of arts related to silk, one of which is embroidery.Embroidery, with at least two or three thousand years of history, is one of the Chinese traditional folk arts and crafts.Since most embroiderers are women, it's also called “women's needlework”.Embroidery has been much-loved by the Chinese people.It can be used to beautify clothing and things.For example, clothes, quilts, pillowcases etc.can be embroidered with beautiful designs, or a piece of embroidery can be made for a special ornament.There are four most famous types of embroidery in China: Suxiu from Suzhou, Yuexiu from Guangdong, Xiangxiu from Hunan, and Shuxiu from Sichuan, each having its own style and theme.Among the four, Suzhou embroidery has enjoyed the highest reputation.Unit 8

      The World Wide Fund for Nature(WWF)is an international non-governmental organization working on issues regarding the conservation, research and restoration of the environment.The organization was originally named the World Wildlife Fund in 1961.In 1986, it changed its name to World Wide Fund for Nature to better reflect the scope of its activities.With over five million supporters worldwide, it is the world's largest independent conservation organization, working in more than 100 countries and supporting about 1,300 conservation and environmental projects.Its mission is to stop destroying the planet's natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature.Currently, much of its work focuses on the conservation of oceans and coasts, forests, and freshwater.Among other issues, it is also concerned with endangered species, pollution and climate change.They now need, above all, money to carry out its missions and handle conservation emergencies.世界自然基金會(huì)(WWF)是一個(gè)致力于有關(guān)保護(hù)、研究和修復(fù)環(huán)境議題的國際性非政府組織。該組織最初于1961年被命名為世界野生動(dòng)物基金會(huì)。1986年,它更名為世界自然基金會(huì),以更好地反映其活動(dòng)范圍。它是世界上最大的、獨(dú)立的自然保護(hù)組織,擁有世界各地超過500萬的支持者,在100多個(gè)國家開展工作,并援助約1,300個(gè)與自然和環(huán)境保護(hù)有關(guān)的項(xiàng)目。它的任務(wù)是阻止破壞地球的生態(tài)環(huán)境,建立一個(gè)能使人類與自然和諧相處的未來。目前,其大部分工作都集中在對(duì)海洋和海岸、森林、淡水的保護(hù)。在其他問題上,它也關(guān)注瀕危物種,污染和氣候變化?,F(xiàn)在他們最需要的是資金,以履行其使命和處理與自然保護(hù)有關(guān)的突發(fā)事件。

      新中國成立以來,特別是改革開放以來,中國政府在生態(tài)環(huán)境(eco-environmental)保護(hù)方面做出了大量努力,取得了有效進(jìn)展。政府采取了一系列保護(hù)和改善生態(tài)環(huán)境的重大舉措,譬如積極推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)生態(tài)工程,加強(qiáng)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)建設(shè)(ecosystem)及生物多樣性保護(hù)(biodiversity conservation),建立了一批自然保護(hù)區(qū)(nature reservation)、生態(tài)示范區(qū)(ecological demonstration zones)、風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)和森林公園。加強(qiáng)生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護(hù)和建設(shè),實(shí)現(xiàn)人與自然和諧相處,是構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)(harmonious society)的重要目標(biāo)之一。環(huán)境保護(hù)和生態(tài)文明建設(shè)為中國經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。

      Since the founding of New China, especially since the economic reform and door-opening to the world, the Chinese government has made considerable efforts in eco-environmental protection and achieved effective progress.The government has taken a series of important measures to protect and improve the ecological environment, such as actively promoting key ecological projects, enhancing ecosystem construction and biodiversity conservation, establishing a number of nature reservations, ecological demonstration zones, scenic spots and forest parks.One of the important goals of building a socialist harmonious society is to strengthen ecological protection and construction and to achieve harmony between man and nature.Environmental protection and ecological civilization construction have provided a solid foundation for the sustainable development of China's economy and society.

      第二篇:新視野大學(xué)英語3文章完美翻譯Unit2_passage_chinese_b

      正如運(yùn)動(dòng)能強(qiáng)心、健肺、固骨、強(qiáng)肌一樣,運(yùn)動(dòng)也能健腦。

      對(duì)動(dòng)物的一系列科學(xué)研究表明,體育活動(dòng)對(duì)智力的發(fā)揮有積極作用。

      伊利諾伊大學(xué)厄巴納──尚佩恩分校的大腦科學(xué)家威廉·格里諾說,“很明顯,運(yùn)動(dòng)使大腦受益?!?/p>

      他對(duì)老鼠的研究已經(jīng)表明運(yùn)動(dòng)具有兩大功效:高強(qiáng)度體育運(yùn)動(dòng)給大腦提供更多的燃料,而技巧性運(yùn)動(dòng)則增強(qiáng)大腦神經(jīng)的聯(lián)結(jié)。依照某些科學(xué)家的見解,這種聯(lián)結(jié)能使大腦更好地處理信息。

      在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠被分成三組:

      第一組在自動(dòng)輪中跑動(dòng),第二組通過一種復(fù)雜的越障訓(xùn)練來提高技能,第三組則不做任何運(yùn)動(dòng)。

      “與跑動(dòng)的和不運(yùn)動(dòng)的老鼠相比,經(jīng)過越障訓(xùn)練的老鼠的腦神經(jīng)聯(lián)結(jié)數(shù)更多?!备窭镏Z說,“相比之下,在自動(dòng)輪中跑動(dòng)的老鼠,較之其他兩組的老鼠,其大腦的血管密度更大?!?/p>

      他說,學(xué)習(xí)一種新的舞步和學(xué)習(xí)一種語言一樣,都能促進(jìn)大腦發(fā)展。

      如果這種舞蹈還是一種良好的體育運(yùn)動(dòng),則益處加倍。格里諾的另一組實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示,年輕的大腦尤其能夠通過運(yùn)動(dòng)來增強(qiáng)能力。這組實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,從小就鍛煉的老鼠,其大腦的變化最為顯著。

      他說盡管動(dòng)物不是人,但依此推斷鍛煉對(duì)老鼠帶來的作用同樣適用于人類也合乎邏輯。

      對(duì)人類的研究主要集中在老年人身上。其結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)常鍛煉能提高大腦處理信息的速度。伊利諾伊大學(xué)阿瑟·克雷默測量的結(jié)果表明,63至82歲不運(yùn)動(dòng)的人,在完成為期10周的水上運(yùn)動(dòng)課程之后,聽音擊鍵的反應(yīng)加快了。

      對(duì)照組沒有經(jīng)過鍛煉,其反應(yīng)速度沒有提高。

      接受運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練之后,人的反應(yīng)速度可能會(huì)加快,這是因?yàn)榕c衰老有關(guān)的機(jī)能衰退實(shí)際上源于體質(zhì)下降。

      一些科學(xué)家推測,除了藥物作用和飲食不當(dāng)?shù)认嚓P(guān)因素外,常常歸咎于衰老的大腦功能下降實(shí)際上可能是不注意保持體育運(yùn)動(dòng)帶來的一種后果。

      亞利桑那州立大學(xué)的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)教授丹尼爾·M.蘭德斯最近發(fā)表了一篇文章,對(duì)有關(guān)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)大腦影響的科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了綜述。他說:“對(duì)老年人來說,鍛煉計(jì)劃對(duì)維持大腦功能顯得非常重要?!?/p>

      許多研究表明,經(jīng)常進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的孩子,在學(xué)業(yè)上比不活動(dòng)的同學(xué)優(yōu)秀。

      但直到最近,人們還是認(rèn)為因參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)而獲得的學(xué)業(yè)優(yōu)勢來自于增強(qiáng)的自信、更好的心態(tài),以及運(yùn)動(dòng)后所帶來的集中注意力的能力。

      而現(xiàn)在,一些科學(xué)家修正了他們的看法,表示這可能與身體狀況有關(guān)。

      另一名專家皮爾斯·J.霍華德說,新的研究表明,體育鍛煉提高了大腦中某些激發(fā)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞生長的化學(xué)物質(zhì)的含量。

      因此,那些進(jìn)行鍛煉的人的大腦可能更有能力應(yīng)付各種智力挑戰(zhàn)。

      不活動(dòng)對(duì)大腦和身體都可能有負(fù)面影響。

      “科學(xué)家們認(rèn)識(shí)到,心即是身,身即是心,”霍華德評(píng)價(jià)道。他說,最有益的運(yùn)動(dòng)能身心兼顧。

      第三篇:新視野大學(xué)英語課文翻譯

      班級(jí):09

      級(jí)金融二班

      學(xué)號(hào):0965147227

      姓名:梁麗麗

      公司的力量觀后感

      這次的選修課我選了公司法要以這門課,上課時(shí)老師為我們放了公司力量10集紀(jì)錄片,看完以后我的心情很復(fù)雜,是激動(dòng)、是迷茫、是迷惑、總之自己也說不太清楚,我不明白為什么人和人之間會(huì)有這么大的不同,公司和公司之間會(huì)有這么大的不同,是什么阻止了我們中國公司的發(fā)展,是創(chuàng)新、是權(quán)力、是欲望、還是文化?從整個(gè)公司發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)的歷史長河里,中國公司能站在世界舞臺(tái)的屈指可數(shù),到底是什么原因阻礙了我們公司的發(fā)展?我百思不得其所。《公司的力量》是一部很好的紀(jì)錄片,集集精彩,發(fā)人深省,充分論證了公司作為社會(huì)的組織,具有無與倫比的作用和力量。說到心得體會(huì),實(shí)際上在觀看的過程中,時(shí)時(shí)有感想,處處覺震撼,常常受啟發(fā),可謂百感交集、受益匪淺。既然要寫成文章,還是拿出影響較深的兩點(diǎn),片面的說說自己的感受吧:一個(gè)是文化,一個(gè)是創(chuàng)新。

      先說文化:片中開幕就說,“公司是一種組織、一種制度、一種文化,公司是一種生存方式,也是一種生活方式。”

      在第七集《各領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷》中,開幕又說,“人們發(fā)現(xiàn),公司歸根到底是人的組織,在制度和理性之外要想調(diào)動(dòng)人、激勵(lì)人、凝聚人,唯有文化,那是公司管理的更高境界,也是效益和利潤的新來源,只有那些善于汲取先進(jìn)文化并創(chuàng)造出自己獨(dú)特新文化的公司,才可能成為時(shí)代的佼佼者。”在第七集中還說道,“員工喜歡以公司的名字為自己命名,稱自己為松下人,豐田人等等,他們將這種強(qiáng)烈的歸屬稱為?忠?,公司對(duì)日本人來說就象是一個(gè)更大的家。員工需要這個(gè)家,社會(huì)文化需要這個(gè)家,這是對(duì)人類千年傳承的情感方式和生活方式的一種延續(xù)。經(jīng)營者則扮演著家長的角色,努力讓家庭保持和睦、團(tuán)結(jié)和秩序,讓家庭成員分享幸福,于是在很長的一段時(shí)期內(nèi),松下公司始創(chuàng)的終身雇傭制的年功序列制被廣為使用,幾乎成為日本企業(yè)的象征。”最后還引用專家的觀點(diǎn)說,“我想最重要的一點(diǎn)是大家逐漸建立了這樣的觀念,公司不是股東的,也不是經(jīng)營者的,而是公司職員的,這是日本企業(yè)文化最大的特點(diǎn)?!?/p>

      感受與聯(lián)想:文化,實(shí)際上包羅萬象,作為一個(gè)企業(yè),要有自己的文化,也就是要形成良好的企業(yè)文化氛圍。中國自古就有自己獨(dú)特的文化底蘊(yùn),那么為什我們就不會(huì)把自己的文化和公司的文化相融合呢。良好的企業(yè)文化,其目的和作用,簡單一點(diǎn)說就是兩點(diǎn),即對(duì)內(nèi)提高凝聚力、對(duì)外擴(kuò)大影響力。在對(duì)內(nèi)提高凝聚力方面,如果一針見血的指明,就是要提高員工的忠誠度,圍繞這個(gè)目標(biāo),就要全方位的培養(yǎng)、建立并形成一種良好的企業(yè)文化氛圍。

      這種良好的企業(yè)文化氛圍的出發(fā)點(diǎn),首先應(yīng)該是“以人為本”。從人力資源的視角來看,就是,在引進(jìn)人才的過程中,要引進(jìn)認(rèn)同公司價(jià)值觀,能夠和公司同舟共濟(jì)、共同發(fā)展的人;引進(jìn)之后,要注重培養(yǎng),每個(gè)人的興趣不一致、特長各不同,要將不同的人放在不同的崗位上鍛煉和成長,最后將合適的人放在合適的崗位上培養(yǎng)和發(fā)展;這就涉及到怎樣使用人,使用好人的同時(shí),還要給予好的待遇,用優(yōu)厚的待遇來留住人、鼓舞人、激勵(lì)人。這樣,就能形成一種好的“以人為本”的企業(yè)文化,提高員工的忠誠度。

      在對(duì)外擴(kuò)大影響力方面,如果直截了當(dāng)一點(diǎn),就是要塑造企業(yè)文化,加強(qiáng)宣傳工作,承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任,重視從實(shí)踐到理論的總結(jié),形成有自主企業(yè)特設(shè)的企業(yè)文化理念,不僅用這套理念來武裝內(nèi)部員工的頭腦,而且要讓外界知曉,提高企業(yè)品牌知名度與社會(huì)影響力。當(dāng)然,公司終究是公司,他要以營利為目的,這是毋庸置疑的,如果說一個(gè)公司專門做慈善,不考慮成本,那絕對(duì)是假話,或者說那不是公司行為,而是其他方面的行為。因此,作為一個(gè)公司,在加強(qiáng)宣傳工作的同時(shí),要有一個(gè)目的,就是要通過宣傳,促進(jìn)品牌建設(shè),擴(kuò)大影響力,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)銷售,提高市場占有率,銷售做上去了,再反輔過來,支持企業(yè)文化建設(shè)、支持宣傳工作,形成良性循環(huán)。說到底,作為一個(gè)公司,應(yīng)該重視企業(yè)文化建設(shè),企業(yè)文化建設(shè)的作用就是對(duì)內(nèi)提高凝聚力、對(duì)外擴(kuò)大影響力;而公司終究是要營利的,所以,在具體操作過程中,要以市場宣傳為目的,促進(jìn)企業(yè)文化建設(shè)。

      再說創(chuàng)新:片中,北京大學(xué)光華管理學(xué)院院長張維迎教授說,“如果個(gè)人沒有自由,法律、文化不鼓勵(lì)人們冒險(xiǎn),不鼓勵(lì)人們創(chuàng)新,這個(gè)社會(huì)就不可能出現(xiàn)真正的企業(yè)家。”第八集《創(chuàng)新先鋒》開幕說,“據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),從17世紀(jì)到20世紀(jì)70年代,被經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為改變了人類生活的160種主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新中80%以上都是由公司完成的。今天,全世界70%的專利和三分之二的研究開發(fā)經(jīng)費(fèi)出自跨國公司?!薄爱?dāng)科技創(chuàng)新日益顯示出創(chuàng)造利潤的能力后,公司對(duì)財(cái)富的追逐就直接變成了對(duì)技術(shù)發(fā)明的熱愛。19世紀(jì)中后期,德國大公司們率先設(shè)立工業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,并在化學(xué)和電氣工業(yè)領(lǐng)域取得重大突破。”“這是美國電話電報(bào)公司在20世紀(jì)30年代形成的生產(chǎn)鏈:貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室負(fù)責(zé)研發(fā),交由西方電氣生產(chǎn),產(chǎn)品由貝爾系統(tǒng)運(yùn)營商銷售,并按一定比例付給貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室專利使用費(fèi),以保證研發(fā)經(jīng)費(fèi)。如此循環(huán)下,美國電話電報(bào)公司的業(yè)務(wù)迅猛擴(kuò)張,?公司以創(chuàng)新為榮,我們有創(chuàng)新的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)。不僅追求創(chuàng)新的數(shù)量,還追求顛覆性創(chuàng)新。?”

      第十集《地球無疆》說到,“這個(gè)世界不再需要通過模仿碰巧成為全球企業(yè)的公司,世界需要的是創(chuàng)新!需要那些可以為其他地區(qū)帶來創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的公司,無論這樣的公司來自發(fā)展中國家還是發(fā)達(dá)國家,因此,不要為了走出去而走出去,公司走向國際化要帶著他人不能夠提供給消費(fèi)者的東西?!?/p>

      還說到,“這是一個(gè)英雄不問出處的時(shí)代。要在競技場上長久保持領(lǐng)先者的席位,惟有創(chuàng)新。創(chuàng)新管理、創(chuàng)新組織模式、創(chuàng)新技術(shù),公司已經(jīng)開始上演全球化時(shí)代的變形記?!?/p>

      感受與聯(lián)想:創(chuàng)新是個(gè)筐,什么都可往里面裝。雖然是句調(diào)侃話,但確實(shí)有一定的道理。作為一個(gè)企業(yè),特別是一個(gè)立志永葆青春、實(shí)現(xiàn)基業(yè)長青的企業(yè),創(chuàng)新是必須的,拿國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的話來說,就是要與時(shí)俱進(jìn)、不斷創(chuàng)新。在創(chuàng)新中,首先應(yīng)該是觀念創(chuàng)新,只有從思想上追求革新,才可能在行動(dòng)上表現(xiàn)進(jìn)步、敢為人先。正所謂,心有多大,舞臺(tái)就有多大。作為一個(gè)企業(yè),機(jī)制和制度創(chuàng)新是保障,且非常重要,在現(xiàn)實(shí)中,有很多國有企業(yè)長期停滯不前,搞不好,就是因?yàn)闄C(jī)制和制度墨守成規(guī)、不能突破。因?yàn)橛袊茵B(yǎng)著,所以從思想上總是等、靠、要。有些經(jīng)過改制,進(jìn)行機(jī)制和制度的創(chuàng)新后,經(jīng)過“鷹之銳變”的改革,就有了生機(jī)和活力,形成了較好的發(fā)展。

      科技創(chuàng)新是關(guān)鍵,片中提到,“當(dāng)科技創(chuàng)新日益顯示出創(chuàng)造利潤的能力后,公司對(duì)財(cái)富的追逐就直接變成了對(duì)技術(shù)發(fā)明的熱愛。19世紀(jì)中后期,德國大公司們率先設(shè)立工業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,并在化學(xué)和電氣工業(yè)領(lǐng)域取得重大突破”。在我們熟知的領(lǐng)域里,還包括ABB、西門子、施耐德等電氣企業(yè),他們往往在科技領(lǐng)域有很大的投入,也因此給企業(yè)帶來突飛猛進(jìn)的收益。為什么在我們投標(biāo)的過程中,知名品牌有時(shí)候最高價(jià)也可以中標(biāo),而不知名品牌即使是最低價(jià)也不一定中標(biāo),這就是科技創(chuàng)新的直接功效。正如片中所說,“這個(gè)世界不再需要通過模仿碰巧成為全球企業(yè)的公司,世界需要的是創(chuàng)新”!作為一個(gè)普通的公司員工,我的感覺就是,“不要通過廉價(jià)的重復(fù)勞動(dòng)和廉價(jià)的普通產(chǎn)品去乞求用戶的同情,賺取微薄的收入;而要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新工作,通過卓越的技術(shù)、一流的品質(zhì)、精湛的服務(wù)為顧客創(chuàng)造價(jià)值,贏得高額的回報(bào)”。

      市場創(chuàng)新是靈魂,企業(yè)不同于研究機(jī)構(gòu),他必須將科學(xué)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力,將科研成果轉(zhuǎn)化為產(chǎn)品和服務(wù),將產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)賣出去轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)金收入。這就需要做好市場和銷售工作,有的時(shí)候甚至需要先做市場,在市場調(diào)研中取得數(shù)據(jù)和分析結(jié)果,反過來指導(dǎo)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、研發(fā)新產(chǎn)品。因此說,市場創(chuàng)新是一個(gè)企業(yè)得以生存和發(fā)展的靈魂。

      管理創(chuàng)新是基礎(chǔ),在一個(gè)企業(yè)運(yùn)行的過程中,人在變、事在變、環(huán)境在變;內(nèi)部員工在變、外部競爭對(duì)手在變;客戶在變、供應(yīng)商在變;社會(huì)在變,政府在變,有時(shí)候甚至國家和政權(quán)都在變。難怪片中說,“這是一個(gè)英雄不問出處的時(shí)代。要在競技場上長久保持領(lǐng)先者的席位,惟有創(chuàng)新。創(chuàng)新管理、創(chuàng)新組織模式、創(chuàng)新技術(shù),公司已經(jīng)開始上演全球化時(shí)代的變形記”。而在所有創(chuàng)新中,管理創(chuàng)新是基礎(chǔ),應(yīng)貫穿始末、包羅萬象。

      說到底,作為一個(gè)公司,應(yīng)該重視創(chuàng)新,其中,觀念創(chuàng)新是前提,機(jī)制和制度創(chuàng)新是保障,科技創(chuàng)新是關(guān)鍵,市場創(chuàng)新是靈魂,管理創(chuàng)新是基礎(chǔ)。

      通過上面的分析聯(lián)想到我們中國企業(yè)目前的現(xiàn)狀,中國企業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀

      據(jù)我國海關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì),2008年我國加工貿(mào)易進(jìn)出口值達(dá)1.1億萬元,比2007年增長6.9%,低于當(dāng)年我國總體對(duì)外貿(mào)易增速10.9個(gè)百分點(diǎn),占當(dāng)年我國進(jìn)出口總值的41.1%。其中,出口6751.86億美元,增長9.3%,增速回落11.7個(gè)百分點(diǎn);進(jìn)口3784億美元,增長2.7%,增速回落11.9個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。所以我們更應(yīng)該清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)到中國制造業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀,造成這些狀況出現(xiàn)的原因如下:

      1、產(chǎn)品附加值低,核心技術(shù)缺乏

      在世界制造業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上,中國大多數(shù)企業(yè)只處在下游。中國制造業(yè)的加工組裝在整個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中的附加值較低。目前可利用的比較優(yōu)勢是廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力,接受的是技術(shù)或產(chǎn)品的轉(zhuǎn)移,這決定了我們?cè)诋a(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中的位置即組裝和制造。在中國制造的產(chǎn)品大多停留在加工制造的初級(jí)階段的情形下,中國制造業(yè)將處于低附加值、低技術(shù)含量的困境中,而高附加值、高技術(shù)含量產(chǎn)品的核心技術(shù)則仍然被發(fā)達(dá)國家所掌控。

      2、品牌觀念淡薄

      縱觀中國整個(gè)制造業(yè),擁有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的品牌較少,具有國際競爭力的品牌更是屈指可數(shù)。與國外跨國公司的國際品牌相比,自主品牌無論是在市場知名度還是品牌價(jià)值方面都還存在很大的差距。國際品牌的缺乏不僅會(huì)帶來表面的國際地位以及直接的經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤的下降,更會(huì)進(jìn)一步使得中國制造企業(yè)在國際分工中處于不利的位置。國外企業(yè)賺取了豐厚的品牌溢價(jià),而中國制造業(yè)僅僅賺到很小部分的加工費(fèi)。然而缺少自主品牌,主要是由于我國制造企業(yè)缺乏樹立品牌的觀念意識(shí)。

      3、人才瓶頸問題突出

      發(fā)達(dá)國家技術(shù)工人中,高級(jí)工占35%以上,中級(jí)工占50%以上,初級(jí)工占15%,而我國高級(jí)工僅占4%,中級(jí)工占36%,初級(jí)工占60%。勞動(dòng)保障部門的有關(guān)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),某些技能人才、高級(jí)技工在一些地區(qū)供不應(yīng)求,缺乏高級(jí)技師這樣的骨干技術(shù)技能人才已是國有大中型企業(yè)的共同問題。進(jìn)一步說,我們更加缺少創(chuàng)新型、復(fù)合型技術(shù)人才。這樣我們就很難將現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)的生產(chǎn)力,也難以吸收國外的先進(jìn)技術(shù),難以推進(jìn)技術(shù)革新,從而削弱了“中國制造”的國際競爭力。

      中國制造業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀給我們帶來了深深的憂慮,然而沒有發(fā)達(dá)的制造業(yè),就沒有中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的今天。眼下“中國制造”面臨如此大的困境,除了低廉的成本和充沛的勞動(dòng)力,制造業(yè)的出路究竟在哪?

      四、中國企業(yè)發(fā)展出路

      中國企業(yè)發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)是在今后很長的時(shí)間內(nèi)解決戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)型問題、持續(xù)增長問題,就應(yīng)走由“中國制造”到“中國創(chuàng)造”的道路。

      由“中國制造”走向“中國創(chuàng)造”是中國企業(yè)發(fā)展的必由之路,那什么是“中國創(chuàng)造”呢?“創(chuàng)造是人無我有,制造是我有人也有”海爾集團(tuán)董事長張瑞敏曾表示。作為中國電子信息百強(qiáng)企業(yè)之首,海爾集團(tuán)在2002年就已經(jīng)成功將冰箱、洗衣機(jī)等家電產(chǎn)品打進(jìn)日本市場,在日本本土和日本制造“短兵相接”,并提出“中國創(chuàng)造”才是取勝之道。國家前商務(wù)部部長***也曾打過這樣的比喻:“中國只有賣出8億件襯衫才能進(jìn)口一架空客A380?!边@一鮮明的比喻,指出了中國制造業(yè)的核心問題,沒有自己的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力就沒有中國企業(yè)發(fā)展?!爸袊圃臁币巡恍迈r,也不能給中國經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來更長遠(yuǎn)、更強(qiáng)勁的動(dòng)力支持,中國需要的是有創(chuàng)造力的企業(yè)。只有技術(shù)才能轉(zhuǎn)變成金錢,在這方面,最有說服力的莫過于美國的微軟,20世紀(jì)70年代,比爾·蓋茨僅以區(qū)區(qū)幾千美元?jiǎng)?chuàng)業(yè),但到1998年他創(chuàng)下了1000億美元資產(chǎn)的紀(jì)錄,也就是說20年他的資產(chǎn)增加了上千萬倍。這一切都是技術(shù)創(chuàng)新帶來的。

      那如何走向中國創(chuàng)造?如果簡單了解一下近幾十年日本和亞洲四小龍經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展軌跡不難發(fā)現(xiàn),這幾個(gè)地區(qū)存在著相似之處——以前都曾作為全世界成本最低的制造中心,經(jīng)濟(jì)活躍、中國企業(yè)發(fā)展飛速,缺乏有世界影響力的品牌,其制造業(yè)主要以O(shè)EM為主,依靠大量的出口拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,企業(yè)的生命線被擁有世界品牌的跨國公司牢牢掌握。但是,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,這些國家進(jìn)行了經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)型。拿日本來說,60年代以傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)為主,收取低廉的加工費(fèi)。70年代進(jìn)入自主開發(fā)階段,實(shí)現(xiàn)在主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)的技術(shù)突破和創(chuàng)新,從資本密集型向技術(shù)知識(shí)密集型的成功轉(zhuǎn)換。80年代,日本又提出了“科技立國”的新戰(zhàn)略。再大力開發(fā)尖端科技,從而推動(dòng)了高科技、高附加值產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)和出口。完成了“日本制造”向“日本創(chuàng)造”的成功轉(zhuǎn)型??吹饺毡镜韧鈬?jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的過程,我們應(yīng)該從中歸納學(xué)習(xí),也為中國制造業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型,找到自己的道路:從單一生產(chǎn)到品牌塑造。這就要求我們國家的企業(yè)應(yīng)該從簡單的制造轉(zhuǎn)型到品牌塑造,通過技術(shù)創(chuàng)新,品牌創(chuàng)新,以提高產(chǎn)品的附加價(jià)值,實(shí)現(xiàn)從勞動(dòng)力密集型向技術(shù)知識(shí)密集型的成功轉(zhuǎn)換。

      首先是依靠技術(shù)提高產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)含量,增加附加值。

      我國企業(yè)要從單純追求量的擴(kuò)張向質(zhì)的提升轉(zhuǎn)變,不斷提高出口產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)含量,優(yōu)化出口產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu),提高效益,促使我國制造業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)向中高端產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)和生產(chǎn),如此既有利于減少貿(mào)易抑制,也有利于改變我們?cè)谑澜缰圃鞓I(yè)價(jià)值鏈中靠后的位置,提升“中國制造”的整體競爭力,爭奪在世界產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展中的主動(dòng)權(quán)和控制權(quán)。在這一方面,中國可以借鑒其他國家的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)。比如“日本制造”同樣遇到過類似問題,上世紀(jì)80年代,日本產(chǎn)品不斷取得在美國的優(yōu)勢,因此遭遇了美國制造的種種貿(mào)易摩擦,日本被逼上另外一條道路,以更高檔的技術(shù)含量產(chǎn)品進(jìn)軍市場,從而更大限度地獲取利潤。當(dāng)前中國也要轉(zhuǎn)變思路,尋求和打造“中國制造”的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢,由“中國制造”到“中國創(chuàng)造”,在市場上占據(jù)主動(dòng)性。

      中國企業(yè)發(fā)展在依靠技術(shù)時(shí),企業(yè)該如何獲取技術(shù)呢?一是企業(yè)建立自己的研發(fā)部門,專門針對(duì)自己的產(chǎn)品改進(jìn)技術(shù)。二是通過與研究所,高校合作委托技術(shù)研發(fā)、改進(jìn)。三是企業(yè)可以在社會(huì)上廣泛獲取技術(shù)。在當(dāng)今信息化快速發(fā)展的今天,企業(yè)可以多關(guān)注一些有關(guān)于專利技術(shù)的網(wǎng)站,比如“中國應(yīng)用技術(shù)網(wǎng)”它所提供的是全國各地的專利應(yīng)用技術(shù)。還有一些期刊雜志之類比如《中國發(fā)明與專利》。企業(yè)可以從中找到自己所需求的技術(shù),把技術(shù)應(yīng)用到生產(chǎn)中從而提高產(chǎn)品技術(shù)含量,給公司帶來更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。

      其次是依靠技術(shù)保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,樹立品牌形象。

      只有從根源上解決產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量問題,才能從根本上維護(hù)“中國制造”的正面國際形象,促使“中國創(chuàng)造”的出現(xiàn)。所以,提高企業(yè)的管理水平與效率,特別是加強(qiáng)出口產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量監(jiān)控與管理,改進(jìn)制約產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)與因素,不斷提高出口產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量,采用以品質(zhì)、品牌為主導(dǎo)的貿(mào)易營銷策略取代目前某些企業(yè)以“拼價(jià)格、拼數(shù)量”作為代價(jià)來占領(lǐng)市場的方法,這才是恢復(fù)“中國制造”形象的重要出路。這與關(guān)鍵的技術(shù)緊密相連。依靠先進(jìn)的科技技術(shù)生產(chǎn)出來的高品位、精品化、品牌化商品才能開拓更廣的國際市場。

      再次還要依靠技術(shù)培養(yǎng)高技術(shù)人才,提高員工素質(zhì)。

      隨著中國企業(yè)發(fā)展,大量初級(jí)工的使用使得勞動(dòng)在國際產(chǎn)業(yè)分工中不僅出現(xiàn)了勞動(dòng)力“雙低”(低成本與低效率)的現(xiàn)象,而且還表現(xiàn)出成本不低但效果不高的趨勢。因此,如果不迅速提高我國勞動(dòng)力技術(shù)素質(zhì),勢必削弱勞動(dòng)力成本在國際產(chǎn)業(yè)分工中的比較優(yōu)勢。提高我國勞動(dòng)力技術(shù)素質(zhì)對(duì)提升“中國制造”產(chǎn)品競爭力也很重要。高技術(shù)人才是企業(yè)的核心,也就是一批有技術(shù)、有能力、有素質(zhì)的人才。依靠先進(jìn)的技術(shù)來武裝我們的勞動(dòng)力,激發(fā)他們的創(chuàng)造靈感,帶動(dòng)中國企業(yè)發(fā)展。

      公司,作為迄今為止最為廣泛高效的經(jīng)濟(jì)組織形式,被看作是“人類的成就”。公司如何誕生?如何發(fā)展演進(jìn)?公司的力量源自哪里,公司的力量又如何改變了世界?所有疑問凝聚成了一個(gè)關(guān)于“公司”的故事。金蝶與央視聯(lián)合攝制大型電視記錄片《公司的力量》一一為我們解答“公司不舉,則工商之業(yè)無一能振;工商之業(yè)不振,則中國終不可以富,不可以強(qiáng)?!?這是清政府駐英、法、意、比四國公使薛福成說的,也是我看完《公司的力量》感觸最深的一句話。今天,“公司”一詞的出現(xiàn)是如此頻繁以至于我們有些熟視無睹。公司已經(jīng)無處不在。我們的財(cái)富來源、創(chuàng)業(yè)理想、衣食住行、情感寄托、人際交往,都與公司這個(gè)組織有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。當(dāng)下公司無所不在的影響力令世人震驚。在數(shù)百家乃至數(shù)十家跨國公司左右著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的今天,公司已成為最重要的一種經(jīng)濟(jì)組織。公司創(chuàng)造財(cái)富、提供就業(yè)、帶動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長;公司推動(dòng)創(chuàng)造發(fā)明、產(chǎn)生新的社會(huì)文化;公司改變社會(huì)秩序、影響制度建設(shè)。但同時(shí),公司也放大了人類的貪欲,帶來權(quán)力失衡和貧富懸殊。公司帶來了人類歷史上最快速的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長,也將自己發(fā)展成一個(gè)超越社會(huì)控制的權(quán)力組織。伴隨著工業(yè)化和城市化進(jìn)程,各國都不得不面臨一系列社會(huì)問題:貧富差距、勞資矛盾、貪欲膨脹、欺詐橫行等等。這是農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)向工業(yè)時(shí)代轉(zhuǎn)型所必須經(jīng)歷的痛苦,它們并非公司之惡、卻因公司而被加劇和放大。

      公司讓人愛恨交織。公司一方面將一切明碼標(biāo)價(jià),是千夫所指的商業(yè)化禍?zhǔn)?,另一方面又是大量新知識(shí)新技術(shù)的創(chuàng)造者,是科技創(chuàng)新和文化再造的助推器。公司似乎身不由己。自利的本能和道德的底線,讓公司自身矛盾糾結(jié)。作為有機(jī)體的公司,既有長大成人的沖動(dòng),也有成長的煩惱。無論我們是否喜歡,公司有自己的發(fā)展規(guī)律。當(dāng)人們用貪婪和欺詐來解釋災(zāi)難的根源時(shí),當(dāng)人們呼吁政府救市加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管時(shí),當(dāng)人們擔(dān)憂下一次危機(jī)是否還會(huì)降臨時(shí),我們必須關(guān)注和思考的一個(gè)對(duì)象就是這個(gè)與我們的工作和生活息息相關(guān)的組織,這個(gè)已經(jīng)顯示了足以撼動(dòng)世界的能量的組織:公司。

      從中我們也可以清晰的看到,中國公司一路走來的腳步,從官督商辦到全民下海,從國家壟斷到自由競爭,從中央計(jì)劃到市場主導(dǎo),和所有向市場經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的國家一樣,中國公司歷經(jīng)了發(fā)展模式的一次次試驗(yàn)和修正。改革開放后,隨著個(gè)人的創(chuàng)造力得以解放,法治社會(huì)逐步建立和完善,中國公司開始了真正的成長。公司能擴(kuò)展一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)單位所能掌握和支配的資源、分散商業(yè)活動(dòng)的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。公司凝聚了生命個(gè)體,讓它變成強(qiáng)大于任何個(gè)人的經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)力。公司使得血緣、地緣聯(lián)系之外的陌生人之間的合作成為可能。公司實(shí)現(xiàn)了人類經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的一個(gè)新篇章。經(jīng)過幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的演變,公司已不僅僅一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)性組織,而已經(jīng)成為介于國家和個(gè)人之間、在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域都極具影響力和支配力的社會(huì)性組織:促進(jìn)自由公平的競爭、建立和完善法治社會(huì)、推動(dòng)科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步、提高社會(huì)的文明程度、改變?nèi)藗兊纳罘绞胶捅舜碎g關(guān)系、改變國與國之間合作與競爭的方式??公司的力量日益壯大??這其中值得注意的是:在對(duì)各領(lǐng)域正向推進(jìn)的力量之外,也不乏因公司自身弊病或制度環(huán)境而產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面影響。

      全球化的加速在一定意義上是由公司在大力推進(jìn)的,因?yàn)槿蚧褪怯晒窘M成的一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。全球資源、全球市場、全球規(guī)則,這是公司夢中的美景。公司就從沒有停止過自我更新,那些并沒有終極答案的問題一直并將繼續(xù)吸引著我們。

      看完本片,讓我看到的除了是公司對(duì)個(gè)體公司的影響外,還看到了公司、或者說是市場經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)一個(gè)國家的影響。從第一節(jié)羅馬的興盛與意大利的繁華離不開公司的貢獻(xiàn),凝結(jié)個(gè)人力量而成就的公司展示了1+1>2的現(xiàn)實(shí)能力,各階級(jí)力量水平發(fā)生變化矛盾激化,產(chǎn)生了世界史的開端:資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命。再到第二節(jié)英國的東印度公司成立,開始全球積累血腥資本。英國進(jìn)行了轟轟烈烈的工業(yè)革命,全球市場打開。第三節(jié),美國資本主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)迅猛發(fā)展。在自由市場中蘊(yùn)含有巨大的生機(jī)。許多平民企業(yè)家通過技術(shù)和管理發(fā)家致富,從普通的工人一躍成為資產(chǎn)大亨,聚集了大量資本,公司開始蓬勃發(fā)展向上。而擁有這些成就的美國一躍成為強(qiáng)國。第七節(jié),明治維新后的日本打開了市場在東方的大門,日本一度崛起成為世界第一經(jīng)濟(jì)體。而今,在第九節(jié)講到中國的體制也開始為了適應(yīng)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)而改變,從官督商辦到全民下海,從國家壟斷到自由競爭,從中央計(jì)劃到市場主導(dǎo),和所有向市場經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的國家一樣,中國公司歷經(jīng)了發(fā)展模式的一次次試驗(yàn)和修正。改革開放后,隨著公司的不斷產(chǎn)生和壯大,市場經(jīng)濟(jì)逐步完善和發(fā)展。

      那么公司在哪里?首先,我們生活中的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴離不開公司,其次我們未來將要做的人生規(guī)劃也要在各種公司中做出選擇。我記得在第七集對(duì)日本的介紹中京瓷公司的董事長說他勸說了那十一個(gè)要辭職的人后進(jìn)行了深入的思考,原來公司所完成的夢想已經(jīng)不單單是創(chuàng)業(yè)者、管理者的夢想,而是所有員工的價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn),他們?cè)谶M(jìn)入公司前,也是懷揣著夢想的。公司成就了許多人,也正在激勵(lì)著許多人為之奮斗。我們這些年輕的學(xué)子在大學(xué)畢業(yè)后,選擇了斗志昂揚(yáng)的去公司為的也是實(shí)現(xiàn)自己理想追求。

      我們?nèi)绾芜M(jìn)入公司?公司是一種管理一種文化價(jià)值的體現(xiàn),每個(gè)不同的公司都有不同的歷史和其價(jià)值觀念。首先,根據(jù)本片我認(rèn)為要提升自我的科技水平和技術(shù)能力以及做事效率,這樣在日趨競爭激烈的公司中,才能站得住腳。尤其作為一名會(huì)計(jì)人員,要對(duì)公司各項(xiàng)了然于心。其次,在公司中要有準(zhǔn)確的定位和努力方向,逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)劃,為公司創(chuàng)造最大利益,不僅是股東利益最大化,更是公司價(jià)值最大化。第三,要融入進(jìn)公司文化中,以最佳合作制造最大效益。

      公司的未來在哪里?我們的未來在哪里?一邊面對(duì)全球化的趨勢,一邊面對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的威脅,選擇投入公司在吸引中將更加謹(jǐn)慎。中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制日益成熟,在《公司的力量》這部紀(jì)錄片中,讓我們冷靜的看著西方經(jīng)濟(jì)的成長和發(fā)展,不斷為中國未來經(jīng)濟(jì)壯大注入著力量。汲取營養(yǎng),取精華去糟粕。機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)并存。

      世界的未來在中國,中國的未來在我們手里

      第四篇:新視野大學(xué)英語3翻譯

      Unit1 1.無論你是多么富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的演說家,無論你做了多么充分的準(zhǔn)備,你都很難在這樣嘈雜招待會(huì)上發(fā)表演講。

      No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception.2.就像吉米妹妹的朋友都關(guān)心吉米一樣,吉米也關(guān)心他們。

      Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them.3.汽車的生產(chǎn)商在新車的幾處都印有汽車識(shí)別號(hào)碼,以便幫助找回被盜車輛。

      Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles.4.老師回來時(shí)你敢告我狀的話,我就不再和你說話了。

      If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more.5.有些老年人愿意獨(dú)自過日子,但大多數(shù)老人選擇和兒女一起生活。

      Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children.6.現(xiàn)在需要面對(duì)的事情是:如何籌集創(chuàng)建公司所需的資金。

      Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company.7.每當(dāng)有人幫了你,無論事情大小,無論他地位高低,你都應(yīng)該對(duì)他說聲“謝謝”。

      When someone does something for you ,no matter how small and no matter whether he is superior or inferior ,it is proper to say "Thank you".8.蒸汽機(jī)的發(fā)明使船舶發(fā)生了變化,正如其已經(jīng)改變了陸地運(yùn)輸一樣。

      The invention of the steam engine changed ships just as it had changed land transport.9.盡管經(jīng)理努力幫忙,他還是不能找到問題的根源所在。Though the manager did his best to help, he was still unable to track down the source of the problem.10.這個(gè)女孩的生活天天圍著哥哥轉(zhuǎn),完全明白該做什么來使哥哥高興。

      The girl, whose life revolved around her brother, had no difficulty working out what she should do to please him.11.如果你不知道自己想要什么,你最終得到的可能都是自己不想要對(duì)。

      If you don’t know what you want, you might end up getting something you don’t want.12.吉米有他妹妹幫助他度過那些沒有父親的艱難日子。

      Jimmy had his sister to help him get through the painful days alone without his father.Unit3 1.在思維方面,與他的行為一樣,他是非常傳統(tǒng)的。

      In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional.2.教師一旦同意接受新的教學(xué)計(jì)劃。他們就得面對(duì)新計(jì)劃所帶為他們的壓力。

      Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain it puts on them.3.從長遠(yuǎn)看,大學(xué)畢業(yè)后繼續(xù)深造而不是直接參加工作是值得的。

      In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from university instead of going to work directly.4.由于這所學(xué)校的辦學(xué)宗旨是品德第一,所以道德觀和學(xué)習(xí)成績受到同樣的重視。

      As the school operates on the Character First principle, moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally.5.據(jù)說,原定于這個(gè)月召開的會(huì)議將推遲到下個(gè)月召開。

      It is said that the meeting, which is scheduled to be held this month, will be put off till next month.6.這所學(xué)校把為學(xué)生做好人生準(zhǔn)備當(dāng)作其職責(zé),辦法是倡導(dǎo)一整套能使所有學(xué)生受益的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

      The school sees its job as preparing its students for life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can benefit all of them.7.跟在法國一樣,美國在20世紀(jì)60年代也發(fā)生過文化革命。

      As in France, during the 1960s in the Unites States there was a cultural revolution.8.他一旦下定決心去干一件事,就根本攔不住他。

      Once he made up his mind to do something, there was no stopping him.9.學(xué)校強(qiáng)調(diào)的觀點(diǎn)是:家長和孩子一起參加學(xué)校的活動(dòng)是值得的。

      The school stresses the idea that it is worthwhile for parents to participate in school activities together with their children.10.快下課時(shí),老師讓學(xué)生用最后的五分鐘來展開激烈的討論,依照1—10的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相互評(píng)價(jià)他們當(dāng)天的課堂表現(xiàn)。

      At the end of the class, the teacher asked her students to spend the last five minutes in an energetic exchange evaluating their class performance for the day on a 1-10scale.11.為了避免引發(fā)針對(duì)他們的品格培養(yǎng)方案的爭論,該校校長解釋說,品格第一并不是要強(qiáng)迫學(xué)生接受某一套道德原則或宗教觀念。

      In order to avoid potential controversy regarding their character program, the principal of the school explains that Character First doesn’t mean forcing the students to accept a particular set of morals or religious values.12.并非所有的家長都相信海德中學(xué)的辦學(xué)原則,即如果你向?qū)W生傳授諸如求真、勇敢、正直領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力、好奇心和關(guān)心他人等美德的話,學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)成績就自然會(huì)提高。

      Not all parents believe in the Hyde School’s principle that if you teach students the merit of such values as truth, courage, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern, then academic achievement naturally follows.Unit4 1.從各方面考慮,這座城市都是世界上最令人激動(dòng)的城市。

      Everything considered, this city is the world’ s most exciting city.2.盡管沒有得到父母的贊同,他還是繼續(xù)他的計(jì)劃出國學(xué)習(xí)。

      Though with no approval from his parents, he went ahead with his plan to study abroad.3.這座橋是以一位英雄的名字,這位英雄為人民的事業(yè)獻(xiàn)出了生命。

      The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people.4.據(jù)說,畫家是以他母親為模特的,他母親的面容滄桑卻不失堅(jiān)定。

      It is said that the painter used his mother as the model in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength.5.這位作家于 1950 年因出版一本小說而一舉成名,小說的靈感來自于他和一位姑娘在農(nóng)場的經(jīng)歷。

      The writer instantly rose to fame in 1950 with the publication of a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on a farm.6.有個(gè)故事說,US 是“山姆大叔” 的縮寫,“山姆大叔” 原名叫山姆威爾遜,他曾和一名男子一起工作,這名男子和美國政府簽訂了一份合同,給軍隊(duì)提供肉食。

      One story says that “US” was short for “Uncle Sam” whose real name was Sam Wilson, who had once worked with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the US Army.7.這副畫上一個(gè)神色嚴(yán)肅的男子,身旁站著一位女子,身后是所農(nóng)舍。他們的原型分別是畫家的牙醫(yī)和姐姐。

      The painting shows a serious-looking man and a woman standing alongside him in front of a farmhouse, their models being respectively the painter’s dentist and sister.8.公司的申請(qǐng)書,不管是代表自己還是代表他人,都應(yīng)該有官員的簽名。

      Applications made by corporations, whether on their own behalf or on behalf of other persons, must be signed by an official.9.做了脫口秀之后,約翰和妻子在廣播和電視節(jié)目上出了名,這些節(jié)目給普通民眾以啟迪,而不只是向他們提供信息。

      After starting out in talk shows, John rose to fame with his wife in radio and television programs that enlightened the general public, not just informed them.10.盡管有些人不贊同,可市領(lǐng)導(dǎo)還是決定實(shí)施這個(gè)計(jì)劃,在湖邊建造兩個(gè)五星級(jí)賓館,以吸引更多的游客。

      Although some people did not approve of it, the city leaders decided to go ahead with the plan to build two five-star hotels by the lake to attract more visitors.11.那位著名畫家去世了,曾經(jīng)給他當(dāng)模特的妻子立即擔(dān)任了他裝潢公司的總經(jīng)理職務(wù)。

      The famous painter died, and his wife, who used to be a model posing for his drawings, immediately came in as the general manager of his decoration company.12.宴會(huì)上,他們的衣著都很華麗,但吸引我注意力的卻是他們的交談方式,使得我很想和他們交談。

      At the party, all of them were richly dressed, but it was their way of talking that captured my attention so much that I felt inclined to talk with them.Unit5 1.直到看到彌留之際躺在床上的母親,他才意識(shí)到自己是多么地愛她。

      Not until he saw his mother lying in bed, dying, did he realize how much he loved her.2.考慮到他最近的身體狀況,我認(rèn)為他這次考試成績還不錯(cuò)。Taking into account of his recent physical condition, I think he has done quite well in the exam.3.克拉克夫人躺在床上一動(dòng)不動(dòng),一時(shí)間我都納悶她是否和活著。

      Mrs.Clark lies in bed motionless, and I wondered briefly if she is still alive.4.整棟樓一片黑暗,只有三樓的某個(gè)窗戶透出一絲光。

      The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-storey window.5.這些士兵接受了嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練,并且對(duì)完成這項(xiàng)新任務(wù)有充分的準(zhǔn)備。

      These soldiers have received very strict training and are well equipped to fulfill the new task.6.他伸手拿起電話,撥通了賓館的號(hào)碼。

      He reached for the phone, picked it up, and dialed the hotel’ s number.7.直到60年代早期,人們似乎才普遍認(rèn)同英國不再是以前心目中那樣的大國了。

      Not until the early sixties did it seem to be generally acknowledged that Britain was no longer a great power as previously understood.8.在決定了租房之后,我們便著手與市內(nèi)所有的房屋代理商聯(lián)系。

      Having decided to rent a flat, we set about contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.9.我小心翼翼地替她擦身子,盡量避免弄疼她,因?yàn)樗莸闹皇Fぐ橇恕?/p>

      I clean her body carefully, trying to avoid hurting her, as she is only skin and bones.10.我心間對(duì)這位老人涌起了一股感情。他那暗黃的皮膚松弛地裹在顯得異常大的骨頭上,深陷的胸部隨著不均勻的呼吸一起一伏。

      There is a swell of emotion within me for this old man who is dying, his dark yellow skin hanging loosely around exaggerated bones, his sunken chest rising and falling with the uneven breaths.11.你在報(bào)上讀到那位著名畫家的消息了嗎?他實(shí)際上是為了要成為視覺藝術(shù)大師的抱負(fù)而累死的。

      Did you read about the famous painter in the newspaper? He actually worked himself to death for his ambition of becoming a master of visual art.12.有跡象表明,這位老太太想孤獨(dú)地離開人世,不讓她的家人看到他們或許無力面對(duì)的人生插曲。

      There had been hints that the old lady wanted to die alone, sparing her family an episode that perhaps they were not equipped to handle.Unit6 1.我們應(yīng)該盡最大努力預(yù)測地震,這樣地震造成的財(cái)產(chǎn)破壞才會(huì)被盡可能的避免。

      We should try our best to forecast earthquakes so that destruction of property caused by them could be prevented as much as possible.2.一個(gè)農(nóng)民注意到有很多魚在水面上游動(dòng),他說這預(yù)示著可能有地震發(fā)生。

      A farmer noticed large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water, which, he said, indicated the possible occurrence of an earthquake.3.要將英英詞典放在手邊,當(dāng)你不能準(zhǔn)確地理解單詞時(shí),你就能隨時(shí)查閱。

      Keep an English-English dictionary handy, and when you cannot understand a word with accuracy, you may refer to it any time.4.如有必要,生活在將要發(fā)生地震地區(qū)的人可以睡在帳篷里。

      If necessary, people who live in the area where an earthquake is about to occur may sleep in tents.5.對(duì)一個(gè)想找工作的學(xué)生來說,有沒有碩士學(xué)位的確有很大影響。

      A master’ s degree does make a great difference to a student who wants to get a job.6.這本書除了告訴我們地震方面的知識(shí)外,還告訴我們?nèi)绾巫龊妙A(yù)防工作。

      In addition to the knowledge about earthquakes, the book tells us how to prepare for them.7.由于在地震中遇難的人大部分都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死的,所以一定要改進(jìn)建筑結(jié)構(gòu),以便它們能夠抵御地震的力量。

      As most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings, building structures must be improved so that they can withstand the power of earthquakes.8.人們應(yīng)該在家里和工作地點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備些水和食物,這在可能發(fā)生地震時(shí)是特別必要的。

      People should have supplies of water and food at home and at work, which is especially necessary in possible occurrence of an earthquake, 9.在日本和中國,人們長期以來一直相信通過觀察動(dòng)物行為可以預(yù)測地震。

      In both Japan and China, people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast by watching the behavior of animals.10.除了努力改進(jìn)建筑結(jié)構(gòu)之外,地震多發(fā)地區(qū)的人們還應(yīng)該在其他幾個(gè)方面為可能發(fā)生的大地震做好準(zhǔn)備。

      Besides, working to improve building structures, people in areas where earthquakes are common should also prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake in several other aspects.11.明智的做法是每個(gè)家庭都制定地震應(yīng)急計(jì)劃,而且所有的家庭成員都應(yīng)該知道在地震過后的混亂中如何離開那個(gè)地區(qū)。

      It is sensible for every family to make earthquake emergency plans and all the family members should know how to leave the area during the chaos following an earthquake.12.由于剩下的幾條可用電話線路將會(huì)很忙,所有的家人都應(yīng)該往往在遠(yuǎn)離地震區(qū)域的某個(gè)朋友或親戚家中打電話報(bào)平安。

      As the few remaining working telephone lines will be very busy, all of the family members should call to check in with a friend or relative who lives far away from the earthquake-stricken area.Unit7 1.因此,以蓋茨為首席執(zhí)行官的微軟還能走多遠(yuǎn)依然是個(gè)有趣的問題。

      An interesting question therefore remains as to how far Microsoft can go with Gates as its CEO.2.抱怨是沒有用的,因?yàn)楸г共⒉荒芨淖兞?什么。重要的是得采取 措施預(yù)防類似事件發(fā)生。

      There ’ s/It ’ s no use complaining since it can never change anything.What ’ s important is to take measures to prevent similar events from happiness again.3.要學(xué)會(huì)接受這樣的事實(shí),有些你認(rèn)為是朋友的人結(jié)果確實(shí)敵人。

      earn to accept the fact that some people you thought were friends turn out to be enemies.4.正如你能從書名期待的那樣,書里多處提到蓋茨是個(gè)怎樣的人。

      As you would expect from the book ’ s title, there are many references to what kind of man Gates is.5 該公司的興隆源于公司的上上下下克勤克儉。

      The prosperity of the company stems from hardworking and thrifty of the entire staff.6.就星期六晚上首次上演的那出戲,他什么也沒說。

      He said nothing at all on the subject of the play which was put on for the first time Saturday night.7.至于那天晚上他是怎么死的,事實(shí)上我無法解釋,而且也許不會(huì)有任何可能 的解釋了。

      I have in fact no explanation to offer as to how he died that evening, and it may be that no possible explanation will ever be given.8.做了一件事然后說自己本來不想那樣做是沒有用的;如果你不想做,你就不會(huì)做了。

      There is no use doing something and then saying you did not mean to do it.Had you not meant to do it, you would not have done it.9.微軟公司正在研究降低其產(chǎn)品成本的方法,以便發(fā)展中國家的人也能買得起。Microsoft is working on ways to reduce the cost of its products so that people in developing countries can afford them.10.蘋果公司也愿意將其部分軟件與微軟公司的產(chǎn)品捆綁在一起,以促進(jìn)其銷售。

      Apple also will bundle some of its software with Microsoft products to help boost its sales.11.與評(píng)價(jià)父親不同,人們?cè)u(píng)價(jià)母親依據(jù)的是其為母之道的成功或失敗。對(duì)于母親來說,一切都取決于孩子最終成為什么樣的人。

      Unlike fathers, mothers are judged by their parenting successes or failures;for mothers, everything depends on how their kids turn out.12.人們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)網(wǎng)站很有價(jià)值,因?yàn)槲覀兺度肓舜罅繒r(shí)間準(zhǔn)備網(wǎng)站的信息。

      People will find the website invaluable as we have put in a lot of time to prepare the information.Unit8 1.那個(gè)提議聽出了很誘人,但如果是個(gè)騙局怎么辦?

      It sounds like a good idea,but what if it's a trick? 2.這一地區(qū)的城鎮(zhèn)因?yàn)榈卣鹪馐芰撕艽蟮膿p失,受災(zāi)最嚴(yán)重的地方包括九江和瑞昌。

      Cities and towns in this area suffered a lot from the earthquake with Jiujiang and Ruichang among the worst-hit.3.他抱怨說,他們壓根兒就不應(yīng)該參與這件事。

      He complained that they should not have got involved in it in the first place.4.看在瑪麗的份上,我可以把車借給你,以解你的交通工具問題。

      For Mary's sake,I can lend you my car to get around your transport problem.5.理論上說,克隆一個(gè)孩紙以獲取器官是可行的,但實(shí)際上這么做卻可能對(duì)孩紙的心理有害。

      In theory it's feasible to clone a child to harvest organs,but in practice it would be psychologically harmful to the child.6.他以 Braver 為筆名發(fā)表了一篇文章,強(qiáng)調(diào)克隆動(dòng)物的過程也同樣適用于克隆人類這一觀點(diǎn)。

      He published an article under the name of Braver which stresses the idea that the process of cloning animals would work for humans as well.7.你說你不會(huì)把時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在約會(huì)上,但如果遇到吸引你的男子,你會(huì)怎么辦呢?

      You say you will not waste your time on dating, but what if you find a guy attractive? 8.為了幫助艾滋病患者,需要有新的措施,地方社團(tuán)、非政府機(jī)構(gòu)、政府和國際組織之間要建立密切的合作關(guān)系。

      To help people with AIDS, new approaches are needed, with close partnerships between local communities, nongovernmenr agencies, governments and international organization.9.上周,該國際傳出消息說,他們正密切關(guān)注該地區(qū)的情況。

      The international organization spread word last week that it was keeping a close watch over what was going on in the region.10.在導(dǎo)致數(shù)百人死亡的污染事件發(fā)生之后,政府開始起草環(huán)境保護(hù)指導(dǎo)方針。

      In the wake of the pollution accident that killed hundreds of people, the government began to draft guidelines for environmental protection.11.正如這篇文章的作者所警告的,克隆人類可能是一件使人更加悲傷而非更加高興的事。

      As the author of this article warns us, human cloning might be something that makes people sadder rather than happier.12.在一些西方國家,有些父母準(zhǔn)備克隆孩子,目的是進(jìn)行非致使非致命器官的移植。

      In some Western countries there are parents who are ready to clone children with nonfatal transplants in mind.Unit10 1.我去了圖書館,查閱我能找到的所有關(guān)于在百慕大三角地區(qū)船只和飛機(jī)失蹤的報(bào)告

      I went to the library and read whatever I could find about the causes of the mysterious disappearances of the ships and planes in the Bermuda Triangle.2.如果你繼續(xù)這樣對(duì)待朋友,你將失去所有朋友。

      Continue treating friends like this, and you will lose them all.3.他們必須完全了解其產(chǎn)品,知道如何口頭信件和電話進(jìn)行推銷

      They must know their product thoroughly and know how to promote sales by word of mouth, telephone or letter.4.我突然意識(shí)到,金錢無法彌補(bǔ)過去五年里他所遭受的苦難。

      It suddenly dawned on me that money couldn't make up for all that he had suffered in the past five years.5.有些人稱翻譯為科學(xué),而另一些人則把它當(dāng)作藝術(shù)

      Some people refer to translation as science while others take it as art.6.我們應(yīng)該發(fā)揚(yáng)民主,而不應(yīng)該講個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加于他人

      Instead of imposing personal views upon others, we should promote democracy.7.當(dāng)然新演員絕對(duì)不能停步不前,而應(yīng)該盡可能地創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)。

      Certainly the new actor should never remain inactive but create opportunities wherever possible.8.他得寸進(jìn)尺。

      Give him an inch and he will take a mile.9.我想我們的關(guān)系很好,我們是朋友。但是外面現(xiàn)在正在競爭,將來也會(huì)。無論我們做什么,無論我們?cè)谑裁吹胤?,我們將還會(huì)相互競爭。

      I think our relationship is good, and we’re friends.But we are competitive and we always will be.Whatever we do, wherever we are, we will be competing against each other.10.退休后,他遠(yuǎn)離政治,開始打網(wǎng)球。他發(fā)現(xiàn)打網(wǎng)球是一種很好的放松方式。

      After retirement, he stayed out of politics and took to playing tennis, finding it a very good way of relaxation.11.過了一會(huì),顯然帶著不情愿,他在電話里承認(rèn)了自己的身份,并請(qǐng)求我原諒他。

      After a while, with more than a suggestion of reluctance, he admitted his identiy and begged me to forgive him on the phone.12.在我看來,當(dāng)老師的唯一缺陷,是它不太會(huì)引起公眾的注意

      It seems to me that the only drawback of working as a teacher is that it doesn't attract much publicity.

      第五篇:新視野大學(xué)英語4翻譯

      1.這種植物只有在培養(yǎng)它的土壤中才能很好的生長。

      The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2.研究結(jié)果表明,無論我們白天做了什么事情,晚上都會(huì)做大約兩個(gè)小時(shí)的夢。

      Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3.有些人往往責(zé)怪別人沒有盡最大努力,一次來為自己的失敗辯護(hù)。

      Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.我們終于我們的承諾:凡是答應(yīng)做的,我們都會(huì)做的。

      We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do;we would do it.5.連貝多芬的父親都不相信自己兒子日后有一天可能成為世界上最偉大的音樂家。愛迪生也同樣如此,他的老師覺得他似乎過于遲鈍。

      Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world.The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6.當(dāng)局控告他們威脅國家安全。

      They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.1.要是這部喜劇中的人物更加幽默些的話,就會(huì)吸引更多的觀眾。

      If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience.2.她從未對(duì)自己的能力失去信心,因此她有可能成為一名成功的演員。

      She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.3.我從未受過正式培訓(xùn),我只是邊干邊學(xué)。

      I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along.4.隨著產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入國際市場,他們的品牌知名度越來越高了。

      As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity.5.她可以編造一個(gè)故事,說自己被竊賊打昏,所有的錢都沒了,但她懷疑自己是否能夠讓這個(gè)故事聽起來可信。

      She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.6.誰都不清楚他是否故意推遲了這次訪問,可是這引起了對(duì)他的更多的批評(píng)。

      No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him.1.據(jù)報(bào)道有七八位官員收受賄賂,市長決定親自出馬調(diào)查這件事。

      Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into the affair in person.2.這些工人后悔當(dāng)時(shí)接受管理部門的意見重新回去工作。現(xiàn)在他們?cè)俅蚊媾R失業(yè)的危險(xiǎn)了。These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work.Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs.3.你只需填寫一張表格就可取得會(huì)員資格,它可以使你在買東西的時(shí)候享受打折的優(yōu)惠。You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods.4.不知道為什么他們的汽車在半路壞掉了,結(jié)果他們比原計(jì)劃晚到了三個(gè)小時(shí)。

      Their car broke down halfway for no reason.As a result they arrived three hours later than they had planned.5.那位官員卷入了一場丑聞,數(shù)周后被迫辭職。

      The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later.6.這個(gè)靠救濟(jì)過日子的人開始慢慢地建立自己的市場,生意日漸興隆。

      The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business is thriving.1.我父母不是對(duì)我的教育投資,而是把錢花在了買新住房上。

      Rather than invest in my education, my parents spent their money on a new house.2.如今,人們用于休閑娛樂的開支是過去的兩倍。

      Today, people are spending twice as much on entertainment and relaxation as they did in the past.3.一家公司要成功,它必須跟上市場的發(fā)展。

      In order to be successful, a business must keep pace with developments in the marketplace.4.與申請(qǐng)這個(gè)職位的其他的女孩相比,她流利的英語是個(gè)優(yōu)勢。

      Her fluency in English gave her an advantage over other girls for the job.5.對(duì)于學(xué)生而言,沒有任何地方比圖書館更好了,在那里所有的圖示都任由他們使用。For students, nowhere is better than the library, where all the books are at their disposal.6.我們要充分利用好這個(gè)平臺(tái),加強(qiáng)交流,拓展合作領(lǐng)域,共謀發(fā)展大計(jì)。

      We should make full use of the platform to strengthen communication, expand cooperation in more areas and seek further development through joint efforts.1.這位小個(gè)子男子并不如他看上去那么單純。

      This little man is not so innocent as he appears.2.對(duì)這個(gè)問題我已束手無策了,所以你不妨去求助于王教授。

      There's nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as well turn to Professor Wang for help.3.雙方高度評(píng)價(jià)了在不同領(lǐng)域合作取得的成果,并希望合作進(jìn)步加深。

      Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation in different areas, and hope that the cooperation can be furthered.4.一方面,親民形象能使新政策更易于被民眾接受,另一方面,它也能使廣直言之路,啟進(jìn)善之門。

      On the one hand, an image of being close to the people can get a new policy more easily accepted.On the other hand, it will “encourage people to speak their minds and come up with constructive suggestions”.5.他孤獨(dú)的感覺時(shí)起時(shí)落,他有時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)自己,對(duì)寵物,對(duì)電視機(jī)嘮叨不休。

      His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talk at length to himself and his pets and the television.6.畢竟,金錢不是萬能的,最富有的人不一定是最幸福的。

      After all, money is not everything.The richest people are not necessarily the happiest.1.假設(shè)你發(fā)現(xiàn)了你自己的同事受賄,你會(huì)不會(huì)無動(dòng)于衷呢?

      Suppose you found out that your colleague takes bribes, would you just ignore it?

      2.他如此固執(zhí),我們已對(duì)他失望了。跟他爭論一點(diǎn)意義都沒有。

      We've given up on him because he is so stubborn.It is pointless to argue with him.3.他突然想到了一個(gè)加速實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)程的好辦法,但組里的成員對(duì)此意見不一。

      He hit upon a good method to speed up the progress of the experiment, but opinions differed among members of the group on it.4.今天我能夠使自己的職業(yè)與興趣相符,之前我是做不到的。

      Today I'm able to square my profession with my interest, which I wasn't able to do before.5.要成為一名駕駛員,視覺上分辨紅色與綠色的能力是必不可少的。

      The ability to visually distinguish between red and green is essential to becoming a driver.6.這個(gè)組由七個(gè)人組成,他們經(jīng)常見面,分享彼此的信息。

      The team consisted of seven people who met on a regular basis to share their information with each other.

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