第一篇:高一集合習(xí)題
1002141班兩訪兩創(chuàng)老師負(fù)責(zé)學(xué)生名單
丁文灝老師負(fù)責(zé)
100214101 褚思倩女
100214102 代雅萌女
100214103 范夢(mèng)婷女
100214104 馮穎女
100214105 付婷女
100214106 甘詩(shī)怡女
100214107 龔玉紅女
100214108 郝小芳女
100214109 黃福釵女
100214110 黃璐女
100214111 賈盼女
100214112 江建霞女
100214113 姜番番女
100214114 姜鵬飛男
孫曼老師負(fù)責(zé)
100214115 金娟女
100214116 柯愛平女
100214117 匡夢(mèng)靈 女
100214119 李蔡芳 女 100214120 李萌女 100214121 劉嬋女 100214122 劉晶晶 女 100214123 劉倩女 100214124 劉奕可 女 100214125 馬茹婷 女 100214126 毛美蓉 女 100214127 梅倩女 100214128 史履俠 女
李萍老師負(fù)責(zé) 100214129 舒娟女 100214130 宋詩(shī)文 女 100214131 萬(wàn)鍇男 100214132 王淞磊 男 100214133 王紫娟 女 100214134 文婷女 100214135 夏倫璐 男 100214138 肖穎女 100214139 熊靜女
100214141 徐夢(mèng)薇 女 100214142 嚴(yán)晗女 100214143 晏艷英 女 100214144 楊金鳳 女
魏雪梅老師負(fù)責(zé) 100214145 殷潔女 100214146 苑瓊杰 女 100214147 張巧女 100214148 張文女 100214149 張陽(yáng)女 100214150 張圓圓 女 100214151 朱耀君 女 100214152 左夢(mèng)女 100114142 周玉瑩 女 100124143 趙琳女 101214131 楊鳳霞 女 101414106 柯巧紅 女 101444126 楊倩女 090214109 董恬女
第二篇:高一英語(yǔ)習(xí)題
UNIT1
1.Excuse me for breaking in, ____I have some news for you.A.SoB.andC.butD.yet2.Let Harry play with your toy as well, Clare.You should learn to___...
A.SupportB.careC.spareD.share
3.—when can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.--They ___be ready by 12:00.A.4.Paul doesn’t have to be made___.He always works hard...
CanB.shouldC.mightD.need
A.LearnB.to learnC.learnedD.learning
5.--Do you know John quarreled with his brother?--I don’t know,___.A.. Nor don’t I careB.Nor do I careC.
.I don’t care neitherD.I don’t care also
6.The skirt cost her ___money.What’s more , the colour is __dark for her.A.so much;too muchB.so much;very muchC.much too;too muchD.too much;much too
7.John shut everybody out of the kitchen ____he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.A.whichB.whenC.so thatD.ass if
8.-Will you give this message to Mr.White, please ?-Sorry , I can’t.He ___.A.doesn’t any more work hereB.doesn’t any longer here workC.doesn’t work any more hereD.doesn’t work here any longer 9.Mary enjoys ____questions but dislike ____them.A.to ask;to answerB.asking;answeringC.asking, to answerD.to ask;answering
10.I can hardly imagine Peter ____across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sailB.to sailC.sailingD.to have sailed
11.As your spoken English gets better ,____your written English.A.so doesB.so will C.neither doesD.neither will 12.I want to make ____with him, but he is too proud.A.a friendB.friendsC.an enemyD.enemies
13.In order to protect the trees, the old man lives ____in a ____house, but he doesn’t feel____.A.alone , alone , lonelyB.lonely;alone;aloneC.lonely;lonely;aloneD.alone;lonely, lonely14.–She looks very happy.--_________.A.She is so and so are youB.So she does and so do youC.So she does and so you doD.so does she and so do you
15.He just plays football for ____,because he thinks it _____great pleasure to have sports after work..A.fun;/B.a fun;/ aC.fun;aD.a fun;/
16.–It is twelve o’clock.I think I must be off now.--Oh, really ? I_____it at all.A.don’t realizeB.haven’t realizedC.didn’t realizeD.hadn’t realized 17.–How much shall I pay for the phone call?--You _____.It’s free for charge.A.shouldn’tB.don’t have toC.can’tD.mustn’t18.–I’m going to an English Party held by Mrs.Liu--Oh, great.______.--Thanks.A.ByeB.See youC.Take careD.Have fun
19.–It is surprising that John came out of the plane alive.--Yes, only a few ____the crash.A.survivedB.surviveC.survivesD.has survived
20.He raised his voice so as to make himself ______by the people in the
back row.A.hearB.heardC.hearingD.be heard
21.No matter how late he is , his mother always waits ____dinner.A.for him to have B.for him having C.him havingD.him to have22.I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time.What do you suppose______To him?
A.was happening B.to happenC.has happenedD.had happened
23.It’s time for us young people to work hard to make our country______.A.rich & strongB.to be rich & strongC.be rich & strongD.becoming rich & strong24.The missing boy was seen ____near the river.A.playingB.playsC.playedD.to play25.I have my lunch in the school ____home.A.instead inB.instead atC.instead ofD.instead of at 26.—Shall we invite Mike to listen to some classic music?--I’m afraid he isn’t _____
A.to make fun ofB.to be made fun ofC.being made fun ofD.making fun 27.No one likes ______.A.to make fun of B.to be made of C.being made fun ofD.making fun 28.–Alice, you feed the bird today ,______?--But I fed it yesterday.A.do youB.will youC.didn’t youD.don’tyou
29.Although this TV set will take up more space ,____I think I should get
it.A.whileB.butC.howeverD.yet30.—I have got your invitation.--Oh, good _____.A.will you be able to comeB.Thanks a lotC.I’ll take itD.May I help you ?
1-5CDBBB 6-10 DCDBC 11-15 BBDBC 16-20 CBDAB21-25 ACAAD 26-30 DCBDA
第三篇:高一集合教案
1、集合的概念 【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】 1.初步理解集合的概念;理解集合中元素的性質(zhì). 2.初步理解“屬于”關(guān)系的意義;知道常用數(shù)集的概念及其記法. 3.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題和提出問(wèn)題,培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立思考和創(chuàng)造性地解決問(wèn)題的意識(shí).
【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】 集合的基本概念,元素與集合的關(guān)系.
【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】 正確理解集合的概念.
【教學(xué)方法】 本節(jié)課采用問(wèn)題教學(xué)和講練結(jié)合的教學(xué)方法,運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代化教學(xué)手段,通過(guò)創(chuàng)設(shè)情景,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自己獨(dú)立地去發(fā)現(xiàn)、分析、歸納,形成概念.
【教學(xué)過(guò)程】 環(huán)節(jié) 教學(xué)內(nèi)容
師生互動(dòng) 設(shè)計(jì)意圖 導(dǎo) 入 師生共同欣賞圖片“中國(guó)所有的大熊貓”、“我們班的所有同學(xué)”. 師:“物以類聚”;“人以群分”;這些都給我們以集合的印象.
引入課題. 聯(lián)系實(shí)際; 激發(fā)興趣. 新 課 課件展示引例:(1)某學(xué)校數(shù)控班學(xué)生的全體;(2)正數(shù)的全體;(3)平行四邊形的全體;(4)數(shù)軸上所有點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的全體. 師:每個(gè)例子中的“全體” 是由哪些對(duì)象構(gòu)成的?這些對(duì)象是否確定? 你能舉出類似的幾個(gè)例子嗎? 學(xué)生回答. 教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀教材,提出問(wèn)題如下:(1)集合、元素的概念是如何定義的?(2)集合與元素之間的關(guān)系為何?是用什么符號(hào)表示的?(3)集合中元素的特性是什么?(4)集合的分類有哪些? 從具體事例直觀感知集合,為給出集合的定義做好準(zhǔn)備. 老師提出問(wèn)題,放手讓學(xué)生自學(xué),培養(yǎng)自學(xué)能力,提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)能力.新 課
1.集合的概念.(1)一般地,把一些能夠確定的對(duì)象看成一個(gè)整體,我們就說(shuō),這個(gè)整體是由這些對(duì)象的全體構(gòu)成的集合(簡(jiǎn)稱為集).(2)構(gòu)成集合的每個(gè)對(duì)象都叫做集合的元素.(3)集合與元素的表示方法:一個(gè)集合,通常用大寫英文字母 A,B,C,? 表示,它的元素通常用小寫英文字母 a,b,c,?? 表示.
2.元素與集合的關(guān)系.(1)如果 a 是集合 A 的元素,就說(shuō)a 屬于A,記作aA,讀作“a 屬于A”.(2)如果a 不是集合A 的元素,就說(shuō) a 不屬于A,記作a A.讀作“a 不屬于A”.
3.集合中元素的特性.(1)確定性:作為集合的元素,必須是能夠確定的.這就是說(shuō),不能確定的對(duì)象,就不能構(gòu)成集合.(2)互異性:對(duì)于一個(gè)給定的集合,集合中的元素是互異的.這就是說(shuō),集合中的任何兩個(gè)元素都是不同的對(duì)象.
4.集合的分類.(1)有限集:含有有限個(gè)元素的集合叫做有限集.(2)無(wú)限集:含有無(wú)限個(gè)元素的集合叫做無(wú)限集.
5.常用數(shù)集及其記法.(1)自然數(shù)集:非負(fù)整數(shù)全體構(gòu)成的集合,記作 N;(5)常用數(shù)集如何表示? 教師檢查學(xué)生自學(xué)情況,梳 理本節(jié)課知識(shí),并強(qiáng)調(diào)要注意的問(wèn)題. 教師要把集合與元素的定義分析透徹. 請(qǐng)同學(xué)舉出一些集合的例子,并說(shuō)出所舉例子中的元素. 教師強(qiáng)調(diào):“”的開口方向,不能把a(bǔ)A 顛倒過(guò)來(lái)寫. 教師強(qiáng)調(diào)集合元素的確定性.師:高一(1)班高個(gè)子同學(xué)的全體能否構(gòu)成集合? 生:不能構(gòu)成集合.這是由于沒有規(guī)定多高才算是高個(gè)子,因而“高個(gè)子同學(xué)”不能確定. 教師強(qiáng)調(diào):相同的對(duì)象歸入同一個(gè)集合時(shí)只能算作集合的一個(gè)元素. 請(qǐng)學(xué)生試舉有限集和無(wú)限集的例子. 師:說(shuō)出自然數(shù)集與非負(fù)整數(shù)集的關(guān)系. 生:自然數(shù)集與非負(fù)整數(shù)集是相同的. 檢查自學(xué)、梳理知識(shí)階段,穿插講解 解難點(diǎn)、強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)、舉例說(shuō)明疑點(diǎn)等環(huán)節(jié),使學(xué)生真正掌握所學(xué)知識(shí). 3 新 課(2)正整數(shù)集:非負(fù)整數(shù)集內(nèi)排除0 的集合,記作 N+或 N*;(3)整數(shù)集:整數(shù)全體構(gòu)成的集合,記作 Z;(4)有理數(shù)集:有理數(shù)全體構(gòu)成的集合,記作 Q;(5)實(shí)數(shù)集:實(shí)數(shù)全體構(gòu)成的集合,記作 R. 例1 判斷下列語(yǔ)句能否構(gòu)成一個(gè)集合,并說(shuō)明理由.(1)小于 10 的自然數(shù)的全體;(2)某校高一(2)班所有性格開朗的男生;(3)英文的 26 個(gè)大寫字母;(4)非常接近1 的實(shí)數(shù). 練習(xí)1 判斷下列語(yǔ)句是否正確:(1)由2,2,3,3 構(gòu)成一個(gè)集合,此集合共有4 個(gè)元素;(2)所有三角形構(gòu)成的集合是無(wú)限集;(3)周長(zhǎng)為20 cm 的三角形構(gòu)成的集合是有限集;(4)如果a Q,b Q,則 a+b Q. 例2 用符號(hào)“”或“”填空:(1)1 N,0 N,-4 N,0.3 N;(2)1 Z,0 Z,-4 Z,0.3 Z;(3)1 Q,0 Q,-4 Q,0.3 Q;(4)1 R,0 R,-4 R,0.3 R. 練習(xí)2 用符號(hào)“”或“”填空:(1)-3 N;(2)3.14 Q;(3)1 3 Z;(4)- 1 2 R;(5)2 R;(6)0 Z. 師:也就是說(shuō),自然數(shù)集包括數(shù)0. 師:出示例題,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生討論、思考. 生:討論,回答,明確說(shuō)出理由. 生:模仿練習(xí);討論并口答. 師:點(diǎn)撥、解答學(xué)生疑難. 師:出示例題,請(qǐng)學(xué)生填寫. 生:口答各題結(jié)果. 師:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行訂正,并說(shuō)明錯(cuò)誤原因. 學(xué)生模仿練習(xí); 老師訂正、點(diǎn)撥. 通過(guò)具體例子,師生的問(wèn)答,鞏固集合概念及其元素特性. 通過(guò)練習(xí)進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化學(xué)生對(duì)集合中元素特性的理解. 通過(guò)例題2 和練習(xí)2,加深對(duì)特殊數(shù)集的理解以及元素與集合關(guān)系的理解與表示,既突出重點(diǎn)又分解難點(diǎn).
小 結(jié)
本節(jié)課學(xué)習(xí)了以下內(nèi)容: 1.集合的有關(guān)概念:集合、元素. 學(xué)生暢談本節(jié)課的收獲,老師引導(dǎo)梳理,總結(jié)本節(jié)課的知識(shí)梳理總結(jié)也可針對(duì)學(xué)生薄弱或易錯(cuò)處 4 結(jié) 2.元素與集合的關(guān)系:屬于、不屬于. 3.集合中元素的特性. 4.集合的分類:有限集、無(wú)限集. 5.常用數(shù)集的定義及記法. 點(diǎn). 強(qiáng)調(diào)總結(jié). 作 業(yè) 學(xué)生課后完成. 鞏固拓展.集合的表示方法
【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】 1.掌握集合的表示方法;能夠按照指定的方法表示一些集合. 2.發(fā)展學(xué)生運(yùn)用數(shù)學(xué)語(yǔ)言的能力;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生分析、比較、歸納的邏輯思維能力. 3.讓學(xué)生感受集合語(yǔ)言的意義和作用,學(xué)習(xí)從數(shù)學(xué)的角度認(rèn)識(shí)世界;通過(guò)合作學(xué)習(xí)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的合作精神. 【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】 集合的表示方法,即運(yùn)用集合的列舉法與描述法,正確表示一些簡(jiǎn)單的集合.【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】 集合特征性質(zhì)的概念,以及運(yùn)用描述法表示集合.【教學(xué)方法】 本節(jié)課采用實(shí)例歸納,自主探究,合作交流等方法.在教學(xué)中通過(guò)列舉例子,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生討論和交流,并通過(guò)創(chuàng)設(shè)情境,讓學(xué)生自主探索一些常見集合的特征性質(zhì).
【教學(xué)過(guò)程】 環(huán)節(jié) 教學(xué)內(nèi)容 師生互動(dòng) 設(shè)計(jì)意圖 導(dǎo) 入 1.集合、元素、有限集和無(wú)限集的概念是什么? 2.用符號(hào)“”與“”填空白:(1)0 N;(2)- 2 Q;(3)- 2 R. 師:剛才復(fù)習(xí)了集合的有關(guān)概念,這節(jié)課我們一起研究如何將集合表示出來(lái). 回顧舊知; 學(xué)習(xí)新知. 新 1.列舉法. 當(dāng)集合元素不多時(shí),我們常常把集合的元素列舉出來(lái),寫在大括號(hào)“{}”內(nèi)表示這個(gè)集合,這種表示集合的方法叫列舉法. 師:強(qiáng)調(diào)要注意的問(wèn)題: ①注意區(qū)別 a 與 {a}. a 是集合{a}的一個(gè)元素,而{a}表示一個(gè)集合. 按集合元素不多和集合元素較多分類講解,便于學(xué)生接受. 5 課 新 課 例如,由1,2,3,4,5,6這6個(gè)數(shù)組成的集合,可表示為: {1,2,3,4,5,6}. 又如,中國(guó)古代四大發(fā)明構(gòu)成的集合,可以表示為: {指南針,造紙術(shù),活字印刷術(shù),火藥}. 有些集合元素較多,在不發(fā)生誤解的情況下,可列幾個(gè)元素為代表,其他元素用省略號(hào)表示. 如:小于100的自然數(shù)的全體構(gòu)成的集合,可表示為 {0,1,2,3,??,99}. 例1 用列舉法表示下列集合:(1)所有大于3且小于10的奇數(shù)構(gòu)成的集合;(2)方程 x 2 -5 x+6=0的解集. 解(1){5,7,9};(2){2,3}. 練習(xí)1 用列舉法表示下列集合:(1)大于3 小于9 的自然數(shù)全體;(2)絕對(duì)值等于1 的實(shí)數(shù)全體;(3)一年中不滿31 天的月份全體;(4)大于3.5 且小于12.8 的整數(shù)的全體. 2.性質(zhì)描述法. 給定 x 的取值集合 I,如果屬于集合 A 的任意元素 x 都具有性質(zhì) p(x),而不屬于集合 A 的元素都不具有性質(zhì)p(x),則性質(zhì) p(x)叫做集合A的一個(gè)特征性質(zhì),于是集合 A 可以用它的特征性質(zhì)描述為 {xI | p(x)},它表示集合 A是由集合 I 中具有性質(zhì) p(x)的所有元素構(gòu)成的.這種表示集合的方法,叫做性質(zhì)描述法. 使用特征性質(zhì)描述法時(shí)要注意:(1)特征性質(zhì)明確; 例如,某個(gè)代表團(tuán)只有一個(gè)人,這個(gè)人本身和這個(gè)人構(gòu)成的代表團(tuán)是完全不同的; ②用列舉法表示集合時(shí),不必考慮元素的前后順序. 師:集合{1,2}與{2,1} 表示同一個(gè)集合嗎? 生:是. 多媒體展示例題1. 學(xué)生口答.通過(guò)教師講解、師生問(wèn)答,詳細(xì)說(shuō)明什么是特征性質(zhì). 出示例子:正偶數(shù)構(gòu)成的集合.它的每一個(gè)元素都具有性質(zhì) “能被2整除且大于0”,而這個(gè)集合外的其他元素都不具有這種性質(zhì),性質(zhì)“能被2整除,且大于0”就是此集合的一個(gè)特征性質(zhì). 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)上面的描述總結(jié)集合的特征性質(zhì)是什么? 多舉實(shí)例也有利于概念的理解. 通過(guò)一組簡(jiǎn)單的口答題,掌握集合的列舉法. 通過(guò)例1 和練習(xí)1,鞏固列舉法的使用. 對(duì)集合性質(zhì)描述法的理解是難點(diǎn),此處通過(guò)舉例,由特殊到一般,便于學(xué)生突破這一思維障礙. 6 新 課(2)若元素范圍為 R,“xR”可以省略不寫. 例2 用性質(zhì)描述法表示下列集合:(1)大于3的實(shí)數(shù)的全體構(gòu)成的集合;(2)平行四邊形的全體構(gòu)成的集合;(3)平面 內(nèi)到兩定點(diǎn) A,B 距離相等的點(diǎn)的全體構(gòu)成的集合. 解(1){ x | x >3};(2){ x | x 是兩組對(duì)邊分別平行的四邊形};(3)l={ P ,|PA|=|PB|,A,B 為 內(nèi)兩定點(diǎn)}. 練習(xí)2 用性質(zhì)描述法表示下列集合:(1)目前你所在班級(jí)所有同學(xué)構(gòu)成的集合;(2)正奇數(shù)的全體構(gòu)成的集合;(3)絕對(duì)值等于3 的實(shí)數(shù)的全體構(gòu)成的集合;(4)不等式4 x-5<3 的解構(gòu)成的集合;(5)所有的正方形構(gòu)成的集合. 師生共同歸納出性質(zhì)描述法. 教師強(qiáng)調(diào)用特征性質(zhì)描述法時(shí)應(yīng)注意的兩個(gè)要點(diǎn). 講解例題2,板書詳細(xì)的解題過(guò)程. 師:(1)一個(gè)集合的特征性質(zhì)不是唯一的.如平行四邊形全體也可表示為 { x | x 是有一組對(duì)邊平行且相等的四邊形}.(2)在幾何中,通常用大寫字母表示點(diǎn)(元素),用小寫字母表示點(diǎn)的集合. 學(xué)生模仿練習(xí).請(qǐng)學(xué)生在黑板上寫下答案,引導(dǎo)全班學(xué)生統(tǒng)一訂正. 老師點(diǎn)撥、解答學(xué)生疑難. 通過(guò)例2,讓學(xué)生掌握由描述法表示集合的不同類型:有限集、無(wú)限集或代數(shù)、幾何的表示方法,并使學(xué)生規(guī)范解題步驟. 通過(guò)練習(xí),進(jìn)一步突出重點(diǎn),深化兩種表示方法的靈活運(yùn)用. 小 結(jié) 本節(jié)課學(xué)習(xí)了以下內(nèi)容: 1.列舉法. 2.性質(zhì)描述法. 3.比較兩種表示集合的方法,分析它們所適用的不同情況. 師生共同分析總結(jié): 1.有些集合的公共屬性不明顯,難以概括,不便用描述法表示,只能用列舉法. 如:集合{2}. 2.有些集合的元素不能無(wú)遺漏地一一列舉出來(lái),或者不便于、不需要一一列舉出來(lái),常用描述法. 如:集合 {xQ|1≤x≤4}. 以學(xué)生為主體,關(guān)注學(xué)生對(duì)本節(jié)課的體驗(yàn). 作 業(yè) 教材 P9,練習(xí)B 組 第1,2 題. 學(xué)生課后完成. 鞏固拓展.
1.3 集合之間的關(guān)系(一)
【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】 1.理解子集、真子集概念;掌握子集、真子集的符號(hào)及表示方法;會(huì)用它們表示集合間的關(guān)系. 2.了解空集的意義;會(huì)求已知集合的子集、真子集并會(huì)用符號(hào)及Venn 圖表示. 3.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生使用符號(hào)的能力;建立數(shù)形結(jié)合的數(shù)學(xué)思想;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生用集合的觀點(diǎn)分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的能力.
【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】 子集、真子集的概念.
【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】 集合間包含關(guān)系的正確表示.
【教學(xué)方法】 本節(jié)課采用講練結(jié)合、問(wèn)題解決式教學(xué)方法,并運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代化教學(xué)手段輔助教學(xué).設(shè)計(jì)典型題目,并提出問(wèn)題,層層引導(dǎo)學(xué)生探究知識(shí),讓學(xué)生在完成題目的同時(shí),思維得以深化;切實(shí)體現(xiàn)以人為本的思想,充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主觀能動(dòng)性,培養(yǎng)其探索精神和運(yùn)用數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)的意識(shí).
【教學(xué)過(guò)程】 環(huán)節(jié) 教學(xué)內(nèi)容 師生互動(dòng) 設(shè)計(jì)意圖 導(dǎo) 入 已知:M={-1,1},N={-1,1,3},P={ x | x 2 -1=0}.問(wèn) 1.哪些集合表示方法是列舉法? 2.哪些集合表示方法是描述法? 3.集合 M 中元素與集合 N 有何關(guān)系?集合 M 中元素與集合 P 有何關(guān)系? 師:出示三個(gè)集合,并根據(jù)這些集合提出一組問(wèn)題. 生:思考并回答問(wèn)題,師:通過(guò)回答上面的問(wèn)題,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了:集合M 與集合N;集合 M 與集合 P 通過(guò)元素建立了某種關(guān)系,本節(jié)課,我們就來(lái)研究有關(guān)兩個(gè)集合之間關(guān)系的問(wèn)題. 溫故而知新,以舊帶新,便于引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在已有的基礎(chǔ)上去探求新知識(shí),使學(xué)生對(duì)出現(xiàn)的新概念不至于感到突然,符合學(xué)生的認(rèn)識(shí)規(guī)律,很自然地引入本節(jié)課內(nèi)容. 新 課 1.子集定義. 如果集合A 的任何一個(gè)元素都是集合B 的元素,那么集合A 叫做集合B 的子集. 記作 A B 或B A; 讀作 “A 包含于B”,或“B 包含A”. 2.真子集定義. 如果集合A 是集合B 的子集,并且集合B 中至少有一個(gè)元素不屬于A,那師:通過(guò)對(duì)引例中元素與集合關(guān)系的分析,得出子集的定義. 請(qǐng)學(xué)生舉滿足“A B”的實(shí)例. 在理解了“子集”定義的基礎(chǔ)上,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)元素與集啟發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)引例進(jìn)行深入分析、提煉,從而為概念的形成作好鋪墊. 遵循從特殊到一般的認(rèn)知規(guī)律,歸納出定義. 集合間包含關(guān)系 8 新 課 么集合A 是集合B 的真子集. 記作 A B(或B A); 讀作 “A 真包含于B”,或“B 真包含A”. 3.Venn 圖表示. 集合B 同它的真子集A 之間的關(guān)系,可用Venn 圖表示如下. 4.空集定義. 不含任何元素的集合叫空集. 記作 . 如,{x| x 2 <0};{x | x+1=x+2},這兩個(gè)集合都為空集. 5.性質(zhì).(1)A A 任何一個(gè)集合是它本身的子集.(2) A 空集是任何集合的子集.(3)對(duì)于集合A,B,C,如果A B,B C,則AC.(4)對(duì)于集合A,B,C,如果A B,B C,則 A C. 例1 判斷:集合A 是否為集合B 的子集,若是則在()打“√”,若不是則在()打“×”.(1)A={1,3,5},B={1,2,3,4,5,6}()(2)A={1,3,5},B={1,3,6,9}()合的關(guān)系,試敘述“真子集”的定義. 老師總結(jié),得出真子集的定義. 介紹用Venn 圖表示集合及集合間關(guān)系的方法. 請(qǐng)學(xué)生畫圖表示:A B. 請(qǐng)學(xué)生舉空集的例子. 師:能否把子集說(shuō)成是由原來(lái)集合中的部分元素組成的集合? 生:分組討論,派代表發(fā)表各組看法. 解疑:不能. 因?yàn)榧系淖蛹舶ㄋ旧?,而這個(gè)子集是由它的全體元素組成的.空集是任一個(gè)集合的子集,而這個(gè)集合中并不含有 B 中的元素. 師:出示題目,請(qǐng)學(xué)生思考、判斷. 生:根據(jù)定義作出判斷. 師:引導(dǎo)全班學(xué)生進(jìn)行訂正,加深對(duì)定義的理解. 的正確理解與表示是難點(diǎn),通過(guò)讓學(xué)生舉例可以突破這一難點(diǎn),增進(jìn)學(xué)生對(duì)定義的理解. 滲透數(shù)形結(jié)合的數(shù)學(xué)思想,提高學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)能力. 通過(guò)置疑、解疑的過(guò)程,使學(xué)生深刻理解子集的概念. 通過(guò)分組討論,關(guān)注學(xué)生的自主體驗(yàn),分解了難點(diǎn). 在學(xué)習(xí)定義之后緊跟上一組根據(jù)定義進(jìn)行判斷的題目,利于加深學(xué)生對(duì)定義的理解,鞏固新知. A B 9 新 課(3)A={0},B={ x | x 2 +2=0}()(4)A={ a,b,c,d },B={ d,b,c,a }()例2(1)寫出集合 A={1,2}的所有子集及真子集.(2)寫出集合 B={1,2,3}的所有子集及真子集. 解(1)集合 A 的所有子集是 ,{1},{2},{1,2}. 在上述子集中,除去集合A 本身,即{1,2},剩下的都是A 的真子集.(2)集合B 的所有子集是 ,{1},{2},{3},{1,2},{1,3},{2,3},{1,2,3}. 在上述子集中,除去集合B 本身,即{1,2,3},剩下的都是B 的真子集. 練習(xí)寫出集合A={a,b,c}的所有子集及真子集. 生:嘗試解答例題. 師:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生訂正;請(qǐng)學(xué)生歸納“寫出一個(gè)集合的所有子集”的步驟. 學(xué)生模仿練習(xí),進(jìn)一步理解子集及真子集的概念. 在板書的過(guò)程中,突出解題思路,體現(xiàn)解題步驟. 通過(guò)練習(xí),進(jìn)一步突出重點(diǎn). 小 結(jié) 本節(jié)課主要學(xué)習(xí)的知識(shí)點(diǎn): 1.子集. 2.真子集. 在學(xué)生歸納、總結(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上,老師梳理總結(jié). 以學(xué)生為主體,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)能力. 作 業(yè) 教材 P12,練習(xí)A 組第3、4 題. 學(xué)生課后完成. 鞏固拓展.
1.4 集合之間的關(guān)系
【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】 1.理解兩個(gè)集合相等概念.能判斷兩集合間的包含、相等關(guān)系. 2.理解掌握元素與集合、集合與集合之間關(guān)系的區(qū)別. 3.學(xué)習(xí)類比方法,滲透分類思想,提高學(xué)生思維能力,增強(qiáng)學(xué)生創(chuàng)新意識(shí).
【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】 1.理解集合間的包含、真包含、相等關(guān)系及傳遞關(guān)系. 2.元素與集合、集合與集合之間關(guān)系的區(qū)別.
【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】 弄清元素與集合、集合與集合之間關(guān)系的區(qū)別.
【教學(xué)方法】 本節(jié)課采用講練結(jié)合、問(wèn)題解決式教學(xué)方法,并運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代化教學(xué)手段進(jìn)行教學(xué).使學(xué)生初步經(jīng)歷使用最基本的集合語(yǔ)言表示有關(guān)數(shù)學(xué)對(duì)象的過(guò)程,體會(huì)集合語(yǔ)言,發(fā)展運(yùn)用數(shù)學(xué)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行交流的能力.精心設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題情境,引起學(xué)生強(qiáng)烈的求知欲望,通過(guò)啟發(fā),使學(xué)生的思考、發(fā)現(xiàn)、歸納等一系列的探究思維活動(dòng)始終處于自主的狀態(tài)中.
【教學(xué)過(guò)程】 環(huán)節(jié) 教學(xué)內(nèi)容 師生互動(dòng) 設(shè)計(jì)意圖 導(dǎo) 入 課件展示下列集合:(1)A={1,3},B={1,3,5,6};(2)C={x | x 是長(zhǎng)方形},D={x | x 是平行四邊形};(3)P={x | x 是菱形},Q={x | x 是正方形};(4)S={x | x>3},T={x | 3 x-6>3};(5)E={x|(x+1)(x+2)=0},F(xiàn)={-1,-2}. 師提出問(wèn)題: 1.第(1),(2),(3)題中兩個(gè)集合的關(guān)系如何? 2.第(4),(5)題中,第二個(gè)集合是不是第一個(gè)集合的子集?第一個(gè)集合是不是第二個(gè)集合的子集? 生:觀察并回答問(wèn)題. 師繼續(xù)提出問(wèn)題:第(4),(5)題中,兩個(gè)集合中的元素有什么特點(diǎn)? 復(fù)習(xí)舊知; 引入新知. 在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考、回答問(wèn)題的過(guò)程中,順利引出新課. 新 課 如果兩個(gè)集合的元素完全相同,那么我們就說(shuō)這兩個(gè)集合相等. 記作 A=B. 讀作 集合A 等于集合B. 如果A B,且B A,那么A=B; 反之,如果A=B,那么AB,且B A. 例1 指出下面各組中集合之間的關(guān)系:(1)A={x | x 2 -9=0},B={-3,3};(2)M={x | |x|=1},N={-1,1}. 解(1)A=B;(2)M=N. 例2 判斷以下各組集合之間的關(guān)系: 師:可見,集合A=B,是指A,B 的所有元素完全相同. 如,{1,-1}={-1,1}. 師:如果集合A=B,根據(jù)子集的定義判斷:AB 成立嗎? 生:討論,得出結(jié)論. 學(xué)生容易得出:A=B. 從具體實(shí)例直觀感知集合相等. 有效設(shè)置問(wèn)題,理解用子集的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)理解集合相等. 及時(shí)鞏固集合相等的定義. 放手讓學(xué)生獨(dú)立 11 U S T F 新 課 新 課(1)A={2,4,5,7},B={2,5};(2)P={x | x 2 =1},Q={-1,1};(3)C={x | x 是正奇數(shù)},D={x | x 是正整數(shù)};(4)M={x | x 是等腰直角三角形},N={x | x 是有一個(gè)角是45的直角三角形}. 解(1)B A;(2)P=Q;(3)C D;(4)M=N. 練習(xí)1 用適當(dāng)?shù)姆?hào)(,,=,,)填空:(1)a {a,b,c};(2){4,5,6} {6,5,4};(3){a} {a,b,c};(4){a,b,c } { b,c};(5) {1,2,3};(6){x | x 是矩形} {x | x 是平行四邊形};(7)5 {5};(8){2,4,6,8} {2,8}. 例3 指出下列各集合之間的關(guān)系,并用 Venn 圖表示: A={x|x 是平行四邊形},B={x|x 是菱形},C={x|x 是矩形},D={x|x 是正方形}. 解 練習(xí)2 集合U,S,T,F(xiàn) 如圖所示,下列關(guān)系中哪些是對(duì)的?哪些是錯(cuò)的? 請(qǐng)學(xué)生在黑板上板書. 教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生訂正后,總結(jié)集合與集合的關(guān)系. 師:出示題目,請(qǐng)學(xué)生思考、試做. 生:分析、試做. 師:出示答案訂正,請(qǐng)學(xué)生核對(duì)做題情況,改正錯(cuò)題并找出自己出錯(cuò)的原因. 生:交流做錯(cuò)的題目與出錯(cuò)的原因. 師:匯總、強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生容易出錯(cuò)的問(wèn)題,引起全班同學(xué)重視. 師:出示問(wèn)題,請(qǐng)學(xué)生分組討論,并畫圖. 生:將答案畫到黑板上,全班同學(xué)討論訂正. 師:點(diǎn)評(píng),給以賞識(shí)性評(píng)價(jià). 首先學(xué)生分組討論,最后各選一個(gè)代表回答本組討論結(jié)果,其余同學(xué)補(bǔ)充. 最后教師公布答案,加以點(diǎn)評(píng). 完成,培養(yǎng)自學(xué)能力,既提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)能力,又進(jìn)一步鞏固了集合之間的關(guān)系. 用符號(hào)表示元素與集合的關(guān)系、集合間關(guān)系是難點(diǎn),通過(guò)學(xué)生試做、老師訂正、學(xué)生反思、師生糾錯(cuò)多個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),使學(xué)生興趣盎然,在思考與爭(zhēng)論中得到正確答案,學(xué)生之間交流,教師與學(xué)生之間的交流達(dá)到高潮,有效地突破難點(diǎn). 通過(guò)例3 和練習(xí)2,滲透數(shù)形結(jié)合思想,強(qiáng)化學(xué)生的畫圖、讀圖能力;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生用Venn 圖解決集合間關(guān)系問(wèn)題的意識(shí). A B C D 12(1)S U;(2)F T;(3)S T;(4)S F;(5)S F;(6)F U. 小 結(jié) 1.子集,真子集,集合相等. 2.元素與集合、集合與集合的關(guān)系. 讓學(xué)生暢談本節(jié)課的收獲,老師引導(dǎo)梳理,總結(jié)本節(jié)課的知識(shí)點(diǎn). 便于學(xué)生掌握本節(jié)課的知識(shí),利于學(xué)生對(duì)知識(shí)進(jìn)行反饋、記憶. 作 業(yè) 教材P12,練習(xí)B 組第1、2、3 題. 學(xué)生課下完成. 鞏固拓展.
1.5 集合的運(yùn)算(一)累計(jì)課時(shí):
【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】 1.理解交集與并集的概念與性質(zhì). 2.掌握交集和并集的表示法,會(huì)求兩個(gè)集合的交集和并集. 3.發(fā)展學(xué)生運(yùn)用數(shù)學(xué)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行表達(dá)、交流的能力;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生觀察、歸納、分析的能力. 【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】 交集與并集的概念與運(yùn)算. 【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】 交集和并集的概念、符號(hào)之間的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系. 【教學(xué)方法】 這節(jié)課主要采用發(fā)現(xiàn)式教學(xué)法和自學(xué)法.運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代化教學(xué)手段,通過(guò)創(chuàng)設(shè)情景,提出問(wèn)題,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自己獨(dú)立地去發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題、分析歸納、形成概念.并通過(guò)對(duì)比,自學(xué)相似概念,深化對(duì)概念的理解. 【教學(xué)過(guò)程】 環(huán)節(jié) 教學(xué)內(nèi)容 師生互動(dòng) 設(shè)計(jì)意圖 導(dǎo) 入 實(shí)例引入,以我校食堂每天買菜的品種構(gòu)成的集合為例,引出集合運(yùn)算的定義. 第一天買菜的品種構(gòu)成的集合記為 A={黃瓜,冬瓜,鯽魚,蝦,茄子}; 第二天買菜的品種構(gòu)成的集合記為 B={黃瓜,豬肉,毛豆,芹菜,蝦,土豆}. 師:提出問(wèn)題: 1.兩天所買相同菜的品種構(gòu)成的集合記為 C,則集合 C 等于什么? 2.兩天買過(guò)的所有菜的品種構(gòu)成的集合記為 D,則集合 D 等于什么? 生:思考,感知集合運(yùn)算. 聯(lián)系實(shí)際,引出集合運(yùn)算: 問(wèn)題中新得到的集合 C,D 是由已知集合的元素組成的. 我們就把由已知集合,按照某種指定的法則,構(gòu)造出一個(gè) 13 新的集合,稱為集合的運(yùn)算. 新 課 新 課
一、集合的交 1.交集的定義. 給定兩個(gè)集合 A,B,由既屬于 A 又屬于 B 的所有公共元素所構(gòu)成的集合,叫做A,B 的交集. 記作 A ∩ B,讀作 “A 交 B”. 2.交集的Venn 圖表示. 3.交集的性質(zhì).(1)A ∩ B B ∩ A;(2)(A ∩ B)∩ C A ∩(B ∩ C);(3)A ∩ A= ;(4)A ∩ = A= . 例1(1)已知:A={1,2,3},B={3,4,5},C={5,3},則 A ∩ B= ; B ∩ C= ;(A ∩ B)∩ C= . 例2(1)已知A={x | x 是奇數(shù)},B= {x | x 是偶數(shù)},Z={x | x 是整數(shù)},求 A ∩ Z,B ∩ Z,A ∩ B. 解 A ∩ Z={x | x 是奇數(shù)} ∩ {x | x 啟發(fā)學(xué)生觀察引入中的例子,并發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)論:集合 C 中的元素是集合A 與B 的公共元素,即集合C是由既屬于A又屬于B 的元素構(gòu)成的. 出示四組圖片,請(qǐng)學(xué)生討論:如何根據(jù)交運(yùn)算的定義,用陰影表示出“A ∩ B”. 以填空的形式出示各條性質(zhì). 請(qǐng)學(xué)生根據(jù)交集的定義和上面的Venn 圖進(jìn)行討論,填寫性質(zhì). 想一想,如果A B,那么 A ∩ B= . 師:出示例1(1)生:口答. 師:出示例2(1),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生弄清:(1)整數(shù)的分類;(2){x | x 是整數(shù)},{x | x 是奇數(shù)},{x | x 是偶數(shù)}各集合之引導(dǎo)學(xué)生感知、歸納、總結(jié),形成概念. 通過(guò)畫圖,深化理解交集定義中“公共元素”的含意. 加強(qiáng)學(xué)生間的合作交流; 通過(guò)討論,深化對(duì)交集定義的理解 通過(guò)一組簡(jiǎn)單的有限集求交集的口答題,使學(xué)生初步掌握交集的定義. 借助 Venn 圖解答題目,數(shù)形結(jié)合深化對(duì)交集的理解. A B A B A(B)A B 14 新 課 是整數(shù)}={x | x 是奇數(shù)}=A; B ∩ Z={x | x 是偶數(shù)} ∩ {x | x 是整數(shù)}={x | x 是偶數(shù)}=B; A ∩ B={x | x 是奇數(shù)} ∩ {x | x 是偶數(shù)}=.
二、集合的并 1.并集的定義. 給定兩個(gè)集合 A,B,把它們所有的元素合并在一起構(gòu)成的集合,叫做 A 與B 的并集 記作 A ∪ B,讀作 “A 并 B”. 2.并集的Venn 圖表示. 3.并集的性質(zhì).(1)A ∪ B B ∪ A;(2)(A∪B)∪C A∪(B∪C);(3)A ∪ A= ;(4)A ∪ = A= . 例1(2)已知:A={1,2,3},B ={3,4,5},C={5,3}. 則 A ∪ B= ; B ∪ C= ;(A ∪ B)∪ C= . 例2(2)已知 A={x | x 是奇數(shù)},B= {x | x 是偶數(shù)},Z={x | x 是整數(shù)},求 A 間的關(guān)系. 生:試畫出Venn 圖,并解答此題. 在引例中,集合D 是集合A 與B 的什么運(yùn)算? 師:出示自學(xué)提綱:(1)并集的定義是什么?其記法與讀法如何?(2)如何用 Venn 圖表示集合A 與B 的并集.(3)并集有哪些性質(zhì)? 生:自學(xué)教材P14~15—— 集合的并,每四人為一組,討論并回答自學(xué)提綱中提出的問(wèn)題. 師:以提問(wèn)的方式檢查學(xué)生自學(xué)情況,訂正學(xué)生回答的問(wèn)題結(jié)果,并出示各知識(shí)點(diǎn). 想一想:如果A B,那么 A ∪ B= . 給學(xué)生以賞識(shí)性評(píng)價(jià). 師:出示例1(2),例2(2)生:口答. 通過(guò)類比,得出并集的定義,提高學(xué)生的自學(xué)能力. 通過(guò)學(xué)生自己畫圖,深化理解并集定義中“所有元素”的含意. 以學(xué)生填空和自己畫圖的方法,調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生自己類比交集,并主動(dòng)參與到教學(xué)中來(lái). 通過(guò)一組簡(jiǎn)單的有限集求并集的口答題,使學(xué)生初步掌握并集的定義. A B A B A(B)A B 15 新 課 ∪ Z,B ∪ Z,A ∪ B. 解 A ∪ Z={x | x 是奇數(shù)} ∪{x | x 是整數(shù)}={x | x 是整數(shù)}=Z; B ∪ Z={x | x 是偶數(shù)} ∪ {x | x 是整數(shù)}={x | x 是整數(shù)}=Z; A ∪ B={x | x 是奇數(shù)} ∪ {x | x 是偶數(shù)}={x | x 是整數(shù)}=Z.
三、綜合應(yīng)用 例3 已知 C={x | x≥1},D={x | x< 5},求 C ∩ D,C∪D. 解 C ∩ D={x | x≥1} ∩ {x | x<5} ={x | 1≤x<5}; C∪D={x | x≥1}∪{x | x<5}=R. 練習(xí)1 已知 A={x | x 是銳角三角形},B={x | x 是鈍角三角形}. 求 A ∩ B,A ∪ B. 練習(xí)2 已知 A={x | x 是平行四邊形},B={x | x 是菱形},求 A ∩ B,A ∪ B. 練習(xí)3 已知 A={x | x 是菱形},B= {x | x 是矩形},求 A ∩ B. 例4 已知 A={(x,y)| 4 x+y=6},B={(x,y)| 3 x+2 y=7},求 A ∩ B. 解 A ∩ B={(x,y)| 4 x+y=6} ∩ {(x,y)| 3 x+2 y=7} ={(x,y)| 4 x+y=6 3 x+2 y=7 } ={(1,2)}. 師:請(qǐng)學(xué)生對(duì)比交、并運(yùn)算定義的不同,強(qiáng)調(diào)定義中“公共元素”與“所有元素”的不同含義. 師:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生畫圖、討論、解答,在黑板上寫出各題答案. 師:訂正答案,對(duì)學(xué)生出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題給以糾正、講解. 例4 教師首先引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析得出:A ∩ B 的元素是集合A 與集合 B 中兩方程所構(gòu)成的方程組的解,然后板書詳細(xì)的解題過(guò)程,并強(qiáng)調(diào)注意點(diǎn)集的表示方法. 通過(guò)例 1(1),例 2(1)與例1(2),例2(2)的對(duì)比,幫助學(xué)生區(qū)別交集、并集的定義. 通過(guò)綜合應(yīng)用,使學(xué)生進(jìn)一步掌握求交集、并集的方法,并與前面學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)結(jié)合,使學(xué)生對(duì)學(xué)過(guò)的集合有更新的認(rèn)識(shí). 在板書例 4 的過(guò)程中,使學(xué)生明確初中方程組的解的含義. 小 結(jié) 定義 記法 圖示 性質(zhì) 交集 并集 1.學(xué)生讀書、反思: 讀教材P13~16,總結(jié)本節(jié)課收獲. 2.教師引導(dǎo)梳理,出示表格.學(xué)生填表,鞏固所學(xué)內(nèi)容. 通過(guò)對(duì)比,加深理解,強(qiáng)化記憶. 梳理總結(jié)也可對(duì)學(xué)生薄弱或易錯(cuò)處強(qiáng)調(diào)總結(jié).作 業(yè) 教材 P16,練習(xí)A 組第1~4 題. 學(xué)生課后完成. 鞏固拓展. 16 1.1.4 集合的運(yùn)算(二)累計(jì)課時(shí): 【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】 1.了解全集的意義;理解補(bǔ)集的概念,掌握補(bǔ)集的表示法;理解集合的補(bǔ)集的性質(zhì);會(huì)求一個(gè)集合在全集中的補(bǔ)集. 2.發(fā)展學(xué)生運(yùn)用數(shù)學(xué)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行表達(dá)、交流的能力;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生建立數(shù)形結(jié)合的思想,將滿足條件的集合用Venn 圖或數(shù)軸一一表示出來(lái);提高學(xué)生觀察、比較、分析、概括的能力. 3.鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生主動(dòng)參與“教”與“學(xué)”的整個(gè)過(guò)程,激發(fā)其求知欲望,增強(qiáng)其學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的興趣與自信心. 【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】 補(bǔ)集的概念與運(yùn)算. 【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】 全集的意義;數(shù)集的運(yùn)算. 【教學(xué)方法】 本節(jié)課采用發(fā)現(xiàn)式教學(xué)法,通過(guò)引入實(shí)例,進(jìn)而分析實(shí)例,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生尋找、發(fā)現(xiàn)其一般結(jié)果,歸納其普遍規(guī)律. 【教學(xué)過(guò)程】 環(huán)節(jié) 教學(xué)內(nèi)容 師生互動(dòng) 設(shè)計(jì)意圖 導(dǎo) 入 1.復(fù)習(xí)提問(wèn):集合的交運(yùn)算與并運(yùn)算. 2.實(shí)例引入,以我校食堂每天買菜的品種構(gòu)成的集合為例: 計(jì)劃購(gòu)進(jìn)的品種構(gòu)成的集合記為 U={黃瓜,冬瓜,鯽魚,蝦,茄子,豬肉,毛豆,芹菜,土豆}; 已經(jīng)購(gòu)進(jìn)的品種構(gòu)成的集合記為 A={黃瓜,鯽魚,茄子,豬肉,芹菜,土豆}. 師:提問(wèn)上節(jié)課知識(shí),并引出新問(wèn)題之后,引入課題. 生:感受到數(shù)學(xué)在生活中處處存在. 師:出示引例,提出問(wèn)題: 問(wèn)題 1:集合 A 與集合 U 什么關(guān)系? 問(wèn)題2:沒有購(gòu)進(jìn)的品種構(gòu)成的集合是什么? 溫故而知新,便于引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在已有的基礎(chǔ)上去探求新知識(shí). 聯(lián)系實(shí)際,使學(xué)生對(duì)將要學(xué)習(xí)的概念有感性認(rèn)識(shí),符合學(xué)生的認(rèn)識(shí)規(guī)律. 新 課
一、全集 1.定義:我們?cè)谘芯考吓c集合之間的關(guān)系時(shí),如果一些集合都是某一給定集合的子集,那么稱這個(gè)給定的集合為這些集合的全集.通常用字母U 表示. 2.特征:全集是一個(gè)相對(duì)的概念,是一個(gè)給定的集合,在研究不同問(wèn)師:提出問(wèn)題,請(qǐng)學(xué)生觀察并回答;集合A 與集合U 之間關(guān)系怎樣? 生:觀察集合間的關(guān)系,得出;集合A 是集合U 的子集. 師:通過(guò)上例,介紹全集的定義與特征. 從引例的集合關(guān)系中直觀感知全集涵義. 通過(guò)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生回答問(wèn)題 1,得出全集的定義和特征. 17 新 課 題時(shí),全集也不一定相同. 我們?cè)谘芯繑?shù)集時(shí),常常把實(shí)數(shù)集R 作為全集.
二、補(bǔ)集 1.定義. 如果 A 是全集U 的一個(gè)子集,由U 中的所有不屬于 A 的元素構(gòu)成的集合,叫做 A 在U 中的補(bǔ)集. 記作 U A. 讀作 “A 在U 中的補(bǔ)集”. 2.補(bǔ)集的Venn 圖表示. 例1 已知:U={1,2,3,4,5,6},A={1,3,5}. 則 U A= ; A ∩ U A= ; A ∪ U A= . 解 {2,4,6};;U. 例2 已知 U={ x | x 是實(shí)數(shù)},Q= { x | x 是有理數(shù)}. 則 U Q= ; Q ∩ U Q= ; Q ∪ U Q= . 解 { x | x 是無(wú)理數(shù)};;U. 3.補(bǔ)集的性質(zhì).(1)A ∪ U A=U ;(2)A ∩ U A= ;(3)U(U A)=A . 例3 已知全集U=R,A={x | x> 5},求 U A. 解 U A={x | x≤5}. 練習(xí)1(1)已知全集 U=R,A={ x | x 師:通過(guò)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生回答引例中的問(wèn)題2“沒有購(gòu)進(jìn)的品種構(gòu)成的集合是什么?”,得出補(bǔ)集的定義和特征;介紹補(bǔ)集的記法和讀法. 生:根據(jù)定義,試用陰影表示補(bǔ)集. 師:訂正、講解補(bǔ)集Venn 圖表示法.生:對(duì)例1 口答填空. 師:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生畫出例2 的 Venn 圖,明確集合間關(guān)系,請(qǐng)學(xué)生觀察并說(shuō)出結(jié)果. 師:以填空的形式出示各條性質(zhì). 生:填寫性質(zhì). 師:結(jié)合數(shù)軸講解例3.學(xué)生解答練習(xí)1,并總結(jié)解題規(guī)律. 從引例的集合關(guān)系中直觀感知補(bǔ)集涵義. 通過(guò)畫圖來(lái)理解補(bǔ)集定義,突破難點(diǎn). 借助簡(jiǎn)單題目使學(xué)生初步理解補(bǔ)集定義. 例2 中補(bǔ)充兩問(wèn),為學(xué)生得出性質(zhì)做鋪墊. 結(jié)合具體例題和 Venn 圖,使學(xué)生自己得出補(bǔ)集的各個(gè)性質(zhì),深化對(duì)補(bǔ)集概念的理解. 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生數(shù)形結(jié)合的數(shù)學(xué)意識(shí). A U C U A 18 新 課 <1},求 U A.(2)已知全集 U=R,A={ x | x ≤1},求 U A. 練習(xí)2 設(shè) U={1,2,3,4,5,6},A={5,2,1},B={5,4,3,2}.求 U A; U B; U A ∩ U B; U A ∪ U B. 練習(xí)3 已知全集 U=R,A={x |-1< x < 1}.求 U A,U A∩U,U A∪U,A ∩ U A,A ∪ U A. 學(xué)生做練習(xí)2、3,老師點(diǎn)撥、解答學(xué)生疑難. 通過(guò)練習(xí)加深學(xué)生對(duì)補(bǔ)集的理解. 小 結(jié) 補(bǔ) 集 定義 記法 圖示 性質(zhì) 1.學(xué)生讀書、反思,說(shuō)出自己學(xué)習(xí)本節(jié)課的收獲和存在問(wèn)題. 2.老師引導(dǎo)梳理,總結(jié)本節(jié)課的知識(shí)點(diǎn),學(xué)生填表鞏固.讓學(xué)生讀書、反思,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生形成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣,提高學(xué)習(xí)能力. 作 業(yè) 教材P17,練習(xí)A組第1~4 題. 學(xué)生課后完成. 鞏固拓展.
第四篇:高一英語(yǔ)《abraham lincoln》習(xí)題精選
《Abraham Lincoln》習(xí)題精選
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1.I dreamed of buying a car ______ my own.A.of
B.at
C.with
D.by 2.I ______ her to be my best friend.A.regard
B.have
C.agree
D.consider 3.The reason _______ he didn't go to school last week was ______ he was ill.A.why;that B.that;because C.that;that
D.for;what 4.—Who was made ______ of your office?
—It was Tom Black.A.a head
B.the head
C.head
D.to be the head 5.______ a child, he began to learn drawing.A.When
B.While
C.As
D.Being
6.The nurse is kind ______ me.It is kind ______ her to help me to walk.A.of;for
B.for;of C.to;of
D.to;for 7.This work ______ a lot of time and energy.A.calls for
B.calls in C.calls at
D.calls on 8.I arrived here ______ July 23rd, and I’m leaving ______September.A.in?in
B.on?on
C.in?on
D.on?in 9.Those who ______ the plan tried to explain to those who did not agree to it.A.against
B.for
C.were against
D.were for 10.She looks like a teacher, but in fact she was ______ than a senior student.A.not more
B.no more
C.not most
D.no much 11.Important tasks ______ a lot of hard work and take a long time to complete.A.call for
B.call on
C.call in
U.call at 12.You’d better prepare a ______ tyre in case the car breaks down halfway.A.spare
B.dear
C.strong
D.fierce 13.He often spends his spare time ______ me ______ my studies.A.to help;on
B.helping;with
C.help;in
D.help;of
14.His mother did ______ she could ______ him.A.all what;help B.all that;help
C.all;to help
D.what;help
15.One morning an elephant was led down the road ______ they stood.A.that
B.which
C.where
D.there 16.A lot of factories have ______ in the last ten years.A.set up
B.put up C.been set up
D.been got up 17.His ______ is weightier than Mount Tai because he ______ for the people.A.dead;dead
B.dead;died
C.death;died
D.death;dead 18.Tell me ______ about your illness.A.few
B.little
C.a little
D.a few 19.We had to delay the party till next week, ______ we would not have something important to do.A.when
B.which
C.at which
D.at that
20.I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place, _______ you may spend your weekend.A.which
B.that
C.when
D.where Keys:1.A 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.D 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.C 17.C 18.C 19.A 20.D
二、完形填空
No one in the US could forget the day.April 14th, 1865,(1)Abraham Lincoln was shot that night,(2)a very busy day, the president and his wife went to Ford's Theatre D.C.,(3)a new play was going to put on.Near the theatre there lived(4)actor named John Wilkes Booth, who was strongly against the(5)though he hadn't fought for the South himself.As the play(6)after a moment for a rest, Booth came into the theatre.He walked slowly and quietly(7)the door through(8)he could move into the President's box.He looked(9)carefully so as to find the guards(10)were protecting the president from the enemy.To his joy, there was none of(II)and nobody noticed him.He reached the door quickly and began to hold the gun in his pocket.It was quiet in the theatre.Suddenly a terrible sound(12)in on the play.It surprised everyone and soon everyone looked(13)where the sound had just come.Smoke was seen(14)from the box, where the(15)had enjoyed the play all the night!Soldiers hurried(16), but it was too(17).The murderer had already jumped from the box(18)to the stage from which he hurriedly ran out of the(19).Lincoln, one of the greatest American presidents, was shot and(20)early the next morning.1.A.as
B.where
C.when
D.how
2.A.before
B.after
C.on
D.during
3.A.when
B.where
C.there
D.before
4.A.25-years old B.25 years old C.a 25-years-old D.a 25-year-old
5.A.North
B.South
C.the Union
D.slavery
6.A.came to a stop B.started
C.lasted
D.ended
7.A.towards
B.to
C.up to
D.down to
8.A.that
B.which
C.where
D.in
9.A.around
B.behind
C.back
D.forward
10.A.which
B.who
C.whom
D.what
11.A.guards
B.them
C.people
D.soldiers
12.A.broke
B.came
C.flied
D.went
13.A.at
B.to
C.up
D.down
14.A.to come
B.coming
C.to rise
D.raising
15.A.murderer B.guard
C.Lincoln
D.president
16.A.about
B.round
C.out
D.in
17.A.noisy
B.dark
C.late
D.surprise
18.A.on
B.in
C.down
D.over
19.A.stage
B.box
C.gate
D.theatre
20.A.was dead B.had been dead
C.had died
D.died 答案:1-5 CBBDA 6-10 AABAB 11-15 BACBC 16-20 DCCDD
三、閱讀理解
(A)
When Abraham Lincoln was a lawyer, he knew an officer of forty-four at a meeting.The man was honest and often helped him.He agreed to Lincoln’s opinions and fought against slavery and wanted freedom for all slaves.Abraham was thankful to him.And several years later he became President of the United States.He still remembered his old friend.In 1860 the Civil War broke out between the Southern and Northern States.The officer went to the front.In a battle he was seriously hurt.Dying, he told his soldier to tell President to take care of his son.Lincoln was sad at the bad news and allowed the young man to be a soldier.The young man wasn’t so brave as his father.He was afraid of death and Wouldn’t fight with the enemy soldiers.Once he wanted to leave the front which was in great need of soldiers.Having heard this, Lincoln was very angry.He agreed to promote(提拔)many of the soldiers to be officers except the young man.The young soldier’s mother was unhappy when she knew about it.She went to see the President and said, “My grandfather fought at Lexington, my father fought at New Orleans, and my husband was killed at Monterey.What haven’t you promoted my son for?”
“I guess, madam,” Lincoln said quietly, “Your family have done enough for our country.It's time to give the others a chance(機(jī)會(huì)).” 1.The officer often helped Lincoln because ______.A.he wanted to be a lawyer too
B.he agreed to his political opinions
C.he had studied in the same school
D.he was interested in his laws 2.The officer lost his life _______.A.for freedom of the slaves B.for his family
C.for his son
D.for honour
3.The officer asked Lincoln to take care of his son because _______.A.the President could allow his son to be a soldier
B.the President could promote his son to be an officer
C.they were good friends
D.he had helped Lincoln
4.Lincoln couldn’t promote the young man because _______.A.he didn’t stay in the front
B.he was afraid of death and wanted to leave the front
C.he was too young to do anything
D.the President wanted to give the others a chance 5.Which of the following is true?
A.The President was angry with the woman.B.The President forgot his friend ' s hope.C.The.President didn’t know the young man well.D.The President cleverly refused the woman.(B)
A young soldier was having a conversation one day with Abraham Lincoln.They were discussing the difficulties of fighting a war and the various types of weapons a man might use against the enemy.The young man was very eager to hear President Lincoln’s ideas on how to win the war.“You know,” said Lincoln, “after all these years, I have discovered the best way to destroy the enemy.”
“What is that, Mr President?” asked the young soldier.“It' s very simple,” said Lincoln, “Make him your friends.”
6.What were Lincoln and the soldier doing one day?
A.They were talking about something about a war.B.They were discussing the ideas on how to win a war.C.They were discussing the best way to destroy the enemy.D.They were making friends with each other.7.From this passage we know that Lincoln was _______.A.cruel to his men
B.friendly to his men
C.sorry for his men
D.worried about his men
8.“After all these years, I have finally discovered the best way to destroy the enemy.” This sentence tells us that the President ______.A.had been a soldier before he became President
B.liked wars very much
C.hated wars very much
D.was good at conclusion
9.Lincoln said, “It is very simple,” That means _______.A.to fight a war is very simple
B.to use the weapons is very simple
C.to find a way to wipe out the enemy is very simple
D.to make the enemy your friend is very simple 10.The last sentence of this passage shows _____.A.Lincoln’s eagerness to destroy the enemy
B.The soldier’s idea of winning a war
C.Lincoln’s discovery
D.Lincoln’s wisdom and kindness Keys: l~5 BACBD
6~10 ABDCD
四、書面表達(dá)
請(qǐng)你為《北京周報(bào)》寫一篇英文報(bào)導(dǎo),介紹林肯生平,字?jǐn)?shù)約120字,要點(diǎn)如下:
1.亞伯拉罕·林肯是美國(guó)歷史上最偉大的總統(tǒng)之一;
2.他出身貧寒,只上過(guò)一年學(xué),他喜歡讀書;
3.他業(yè)余時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)法律,并成為一名律師;想要建立一個(gè)人人自由的國(guó)家;
4.他強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)奴隸制;
5.他1860年當(dāng)選美國(guó)總統(tǒng);
6.美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā),在他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下(Under his leadership),北方贏了,結(jié)束了持續(xù)四年的美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn),奴隸們獲得了自由;
7.就在他第二次當(dāng)選美國(guó)總統(tǒng)后不久,林肯被他的敵人殺害了;
8.人民將永遠(yuǎn)懷念他。答案:
Abraham Lincoln was born in a poor family.He had little schooling though he liked reading very much.As a young man, he spent his spare time studying laws and became a lawyer.He was strongly against slavery and wanted to build a free state for all people.In 1860, he became President of the United States.Soon the American Civil War broke out.Under his leadership, the north won the war which lasted four years.All the slaves were set free.However, Lincoln was killed by his enemies soon after he became President for the second time.The whole country was very sad at the news of his death.Abraham Lincoln is now considered as one of the greatest of all American presidents and will be remembered forever.
第五篇:高一習(xí)題英語(yǔ)課時(shí)作業(yè)26
(選修六·Unit 1)
Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空
1.All the students are looking forward to the first ________ to take the College Entrance Examinations.A.measureB.a(chǎn)ttempt
C.purposeD.desire
答案:B
2.Anyone who is in ________ of weapons without permission is considered law-breaking.A.commandB.control
C.chargeD.possession
答案:D
3.It took us several hours to make the old man ________ of the safety of travelling by air.A.believedB.convinced
C.informedD.persuaded
答案與解析:B 句意:我們花了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)才使那位老人相信了乘飛機(jī)的安全性。convince “使信服,說(shuō)服”。A項(xiàng),“相信”;C項(xiàng),“告知”;D項(xiàng),“說(shuō)服”,常用persuade sb.to do...說(shuō)服某人做??。
4.The author was required to submit an ________ of about 200 words together with his research paper.A.editionB.editorial
C.a(chǎn)rticleD.a(chǎn)bstract
答案與解析:D 要求作者連同科研論文一起呈交一篇大約200字的摘要。abstract 意為“摘要”;edition意為“版本”;editorial 意為“社論”;article意為“文章”。同論文一起使用的詞只有D項(xiàng)“摘要”。
5. While income worry is ________ rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that ________ aged parents may face.A.a(chǎn);/B.the;/
C.a(chǎn);theD.the;the
答案:A
6.—How I wish I had studied harder when I was in senior school!
—If you had,you ________ a university student now.A.a(chǎn)reB.would be
C.shouldD.were
答案:B
7.It's high time that you ________ even harder at your lessons as the exam is around the corner.A.workB.will work
C.workedD.have to work
答案:C
8.—How do you find this new movie?
—It's ________ interesting than expected.A.a(chǎn) great deal muchB.a(chǎn) great deal of more
C.a(chǎn) great deal of muchD.a(chǎn) great deal more
答案與解析:D a great deal可用來(lái)修飾形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí);a great deal of后跟不可數(shù)名詞。
9.If it were not for the fact that I ________ very busy,I would go with you.A.a(chǎn)mB.was
C.wereD.should be
答案與解析:A 分析語(yǔ)境可知,“我很忙”是表示目前的真實(shí)情況,因此應(yīng)用真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣。
10.The sooner we students ________ to the new school,the better it will be ________ our studies.A.a(chǎn)dapt;forB.a(chǎn)djust;to
C.a(chǎn)dopt;forD.a(chǎn)dmit;to
答案與解析:A adapt和adjust都有“(使)適應(yīng)”的意思,但后跟to表示“適應(yīng)于”,跟for表示“適用的目的”;adopt采用,收養(yǎng);admit容許,承認(rèn),接納。句意:我們學(xué)生對(duì)新學(xué)校適應(yīng)得越快,對(duì)我們的學(xué)習(xí)就越有利。
11.You must keep the news a secret and don't put it ________ anybody else.A.in possession ofB.in the possession of
C.in charge ofD.in the charge of
答案與解析:B A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)的邏輯主語(yǔ)是人,分別表示“某人占有”和“某人負(fù)責(zé)某事”,含有主動(dòng)意義;而B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)的邏輯主語(yǔ)是物,分別表示“被某人所占有”和“由某人負(fù)責(zé)”,具有被動(dòng)意義。根據(jù)句子的意思應(yīng)該選B。
12.The present situation is very complex,so I think it will take me some time to ________ its reality.A.make upB.figure out
C.look throughD.put off
答案與解析:B 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意:現(xiàn)在的情形太復(fù)雜了,因此我想我要花點(diǎn)時(shí)間弄清楚真實(shí)情況。make up組成,彌補(bǔ);look through快速閱讀,審核;put off推遲;figure out想出來(lái),弄清楚。B項(xiàng)符合題意。
13.Why does teaching as a career ________ many people?
A.a(chǎn)pply forB.a(chǎn)ttract to
C.a(chǎn)ppeal toD.a(chǎn)gree with
答案與解析:C appeal to對(duì)??有誘惑力。句意:為什么教育作為一項(xiàng)事業(yè)吸引了這么多人呢?apply for申請(qǐng);attract吸引,attact sb./sth.to把??吸引到??;agree with同意。
14.She's aiming ________ a scholarship.That is why she has been focusing her mind ________ her work.A.a(chǎn)t;onB.to;on
C.for;inD.a(chǎn)t;into
答案與解析:A aim at,focus one's mind on sth.為固定搭配。句意:她的目標(biāo)是獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金,這就是她為什么專心學(xué)習(xí)的原因。
15.They didn't buy the car.________,they didn't like its color;________,it was too expensive.A.For one thing;for another
B.For one thing;but also
C.On the one hand;for another hand
D.For the one hand;on the other hand
答案與解析:A 一方面,另一方面,除了用“on the one hand...on the other hand”,還可以用“for one thing...for another”來(lái)表示。
Ⅱ.閱讀理解
A primary school teacher who left a class of 25 pupils in tears after she told them Santa Claus,the supply teacher said out suddenly,“It's your parents who leave out presents on Christmas Day.”
The class of seven-year-olds at Blackshaw Lane Primary School,Royton,Greater Manchester burst into tears and told their parents when they arrived home.Mothers and fathers then complained about the incident and were sent a letter by the school saying the teacher,who only worked at the school for one day last week,has been disciplined.The school has now said it will not hire her again.One father said,“My son came home and said that his teacher had told the class that Santa doesn't exist and it's their mum and dad that put out presents for them.Obviously,they were all talking about Christmas and being a bit rowdy.She just came straight out with it.”
“My son was in tears and so was everyone else in the class—especially as it was so close to Christmas.I thought it was wrong.He was crazy about it.He's only seven years old and it's part of the magic ofChristmas to him.”
“We told him that she did not believe in Father Christmas because of her religion and he's fine now.”
“The father described the incident as ‘shocking’ and believed it was done with malicious intent(惡意地).A lot of parents were angry and complained to the school.The teacher,who was supplied by Rochdale and Oldham Supply Agency,is still listed and will work with other schools,”the agency said.However,the head teacher in Angela McCormick refused to comment on the incident.1.Who felt the angriest about the incident?
A.The teacher who was fired.B.The pupils who were in tears.C.The parents whose children cried.D.Santa Claus the teacher talked about.答案與解析:C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Mothers and fathers then complained about the incident and were sent a letter by the school saying the teacher,who only worked at the school for one day last week,has been disciplined.”可得出答案?!?/p>
2.The seven-year-old children cried because of ________.A.their teacher's leaving
B.the letters by the school
C.something about Santa Claus
D.the presents left out by the parents
答案與解析:C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知當(dāng)孩子們聽到老師說(shuō)“圣誕老人并不存在”時(shí),使得孩子們很失望,因此孩子們到家后向父母哭訴。
3.We can infer from the passage that ________.A.the teacher was fired and couldn't continue her career in teaching
B.the parents complained about the discipline of the school
C.the little pupils felt disappointed after hearing the news told by the teacher
D.in reality,Santa Claus exists and gives out presents once a year.答案與解析:C 推理判斷題。由第二段可知,當(dāng)小學(xué)生們從老師那里聽到有關(guān)圣誕老人的事情時(shí),他們變得很失落,有很多孩子都哭了。
4.What's the meaning of the underlined word“rowdy”?
A.Surprised.B.Noisy.C.Discouraged.D.Annoyed.答案與解析:B 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段該詞所在的句子可知,一提到圣誕老人孩子們就很興奮,當(dāng)然就會(huì)亂哄哄地談?wù)摯耸?,故選擇B項(xiàng),意為“亂哄哄,嘈雜的”。
Ⅲ.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
Shoppers who carefully plan their visit to the grocery store can save money on their grocery Shoppers should visit the grocery,store on a full stomach by scheduling their trip immediately after a large meal.If that's not possible,they should find something healthy to eat Although having a list and sticking to it is the most important factor in saving money,shoppers must prepare lists wisely in order to Many special buys are announced through the local newspapers,so buying the“grocery issue”is worth the investment(投資).However,it's important to remember that many newer,more expensive products first offered through coupons may not produce enough savings for shoppers to give up the product they usually buy.,the shopper who wants to save money should follow a few more rules.The shopper should not stay longer than necessary,because bills go up each minute the shopper is in the store.So,grocery list is a short one,some shoppers choose to use the small hand-held basket instead of the roomy grocery cart.A.A carefully,planned list should include in-season produce and any items on sale or discounted through coupons(優(yōu)惠券).
B.Of course,the shopper should stick strictly to the shopping list and resist the temptation to buy additional items.C.People who are full are less tired and more likely to buy what they want.D.Now that the shopper has completed the grocery list,it's time to leave for the store.E.You shouid keep your shopping list carefully in case you can exchange it for coupons.F.Most shoppers are less persuaded to buy extra goods when they are not hungry.G.Shopping when not hungry,sticking to a grocery list,and following a few simple rules will cut down the grocery bill.答案:1.G 2.F 3.A 4.D 5.B
Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)
Before I came to Finland to attend this meeting two weeks before.I had no ideas what kind of clothes I should take along.Fortunately,my friend Julia had gone to Northern Europe.Yes,she was a great help.She bought for me some warm suits and dresses,business type of clothes,of course,of dark colour.She also bought me some skirts and blouses so that I could wear same colthes in several ways.Live coloured dresses would give me a nicer change time to time.She also helped me to choose a very warm raincoat and a pair of boots.Oh,how luck I am to have such a helpful friend.He saved me a lot of trouble.答案:
Before I came to Finland to attend this meeting two weekswhat kind of clothes I should take along.Fortunately,my friend Julia hadto Northern Europe.Yes,she was a great help.She boughtfor me some warm suits and dresses,business type of clothes,of course,of dark ∧same the
coloured dresses would give me a nicer change ∧time to time.She from
also helped me to choose a very warm raincoat and a pair of boots.Oh,how I am to havesaved me a lot of trouble.