第一篇:學術英語理工類 text15 Abstract
題目:轉(zhuǎn)基因食物“能夠養(yǎng)活世界嗎”
摘要:
轉(zhuǎn)基因食品在現(xiàn)代社會引起了一場激烈的爭論,特別是在有悠久的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)傳統(tǒng)和主張環(huán)保的游說集團的國家里。
事實上,轉(zhuǎn)基因食品已經(jīng)成為我們生活重要的一部分,轉(zhuǎn)基因利用生物技術不僅可以提高把農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)量提高25%,幫助防止作物收割后遭受損失,而且可以提高食物的營養(yǎng)價值,緩解世界的營養(yǎng)不良問題,利用生物技術還可以幫助提高因蟲害、干旱、土壤貧瘠和作物病毒、細菌或真菌導致作物減產(chǎn)而出現(xiàn)食物匱乏的地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)率。
盡管具有這么多潛力,生物技術還遠遠不能解決全部問題,生物技術也無法克服在發(fā)展中國家分配糧食的難題,許多的轉(zhuǎn)基因產(chǎn)品,通常過于昂貴無法到達最需要的地方,現(xiàn)在發(fā)展中國家正在進行越來越多的生物技術研究。但是,為擴大遺傳學研究對這些國家的糧食生產(chǎn)的影響,政府各部門(包括當?shù)卣块T和發(fā)達國家的政府部門)與私營生物技術公司之間需要更好的合作。
主要單詞:轉(zhuǎn)基因食物,生物技術 農(nóng)業(yè) 糧食 發(fā)展中國家 饑餓
Abstract: Genetically modified food caused a fierce debate in the modern society, especially in long agrarian tradition and vocal green lobbies in the country。
In fact, genetically modified food has become very much a part of our lives, the transgenic biological technology can not only improve the total agricultural output increased by 25%, and help the losses prevent the crops after the harvest,but also can improve the nutritional value of the food, to alleviate malnutrition problem in the world, the use of biological technology can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attribution to pests, drought, poor soil and crop viruses, bacteria or fungi.Although it has so much potential, biological technology can not solve all the problems, biotech cannot overcome the challenge of distributing food in developing countries, many transgenic products may be too expensive not where it is most needed.Now More and more biotech research is being carried out in developing countries.But to increase the impact of genetic research on the food production of those countries, there is a need for better collaboration between government agencies
keywords : Genetically modified food、Agricultural、Biotechnology developing countries、food、hunger.
第二篇:職稱英語理工類詞匯
參加2010年職稱英語考試沒有一定語法知識的儲備,是無法正確理解所讀文章的內(nèi)容并做出正確判斷的,在職稱英語備考中對于語法知識的復習也是非常重要的。2010職稱英語語法的復習是備考中既重要又讓考生頭痛的環(huán)節(jié)。
非謂語動詞的用法詳解,可以幫助考生更好的掌握非謂語動詞的相關考點,為進行閱讀學習打下良好的語法基礎。
非謂語動詞也叫非限定動詞或動詞的非謂語形式。非謂語動詞主要包括動名詞、不定式和分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞),即動詞的非謂語形式除了不能獨立作謂語外,具有動詞的部分語法特征,可以承擔句子的任何成分。
一、動名詞 1.定義:
動名詞是由動詞或動詞短語轉(zhuǎn)換而成的名詞性結(jié)構(gòu),其構(gòu)成的形式是在動詞或動詞短語的動詞后面加上ing。
2.功能:
動名詞(或動名詞短語)在句中起名詞的作用,可用作主語、表語、賓語(動詞或介詞的賓語)和定語等。
(1)作主語
e.g.Reading aloud is very helpful.朗讀是很有好處的。(2)作表語
e.g.In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.在螞蟻王國,蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。
(3)作賓語(動詞或介詞的賓語)e.g.We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我們必須阻止空氣被污染。
(4)作定語
e.g·He can't walk without a walking-stick.他沒有拐杖不能走路。
3.考點:
動名詞在職稱英語中往往不是不直接進行考察,而是把動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)放在英語的句子中,然后考察考生對句含動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)的這個句子的句意的準確了解。所以,考生在復習中主要需要弄清楚動名詞在英語句子中的四種語法功能。
4.與分詞做定語的區(qū)別:
現(xiàn)在分詞由原形動詞+ing構(gòu)成,如designing,leaving,stopping等現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時,表示正在進行的動作,或經(jīng)常性的動作,或表示現(xiàn)狀。由此可見現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)在“形”上相似。考生需要能區(qū)分現(xiàn)在分詞作定語和動名詞作定語的情況。動名詞作定語往往表示所修飾的名詞的功能/用語,現(xiàn)在分詞作定語強調(diào)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)中的動作正在進行。
Give the note to theloudly-speaking(現(xiàn)在分詞作定語)man.請把便條交給坐在正在高聲說話的人。
I?d like to buy a washing(動名詞作定語)maching。(a machine for washing).我想要一臺洗衣機。
5.常接動名詞作賓語的動詞:
acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,advise,avoid,admit,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enioy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,f1orgive,imagine,include,involve,justify,keep,mind,miss,pardon,practice,postpone,permit,report,resent,resume,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate
6.動名詞的習慣用法與句型: be busy/active doinz sth。
have difficulty/trouble/problems/struggle(in)doing sth。It's no good/use doing sth。
have a good/hard/difficuh time doing sth。spend/waste time doing sth。
There is no point/sense/harm/use/good(in)doing sth。cannot help doing sth。There is no use doing sth
二、不定式
1、動詞不定式形式:(to)+do具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征;否定式:not+(to)do
2、不定式的句法功能:(1)作主語:
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard。To lose your heart means failure。
動詞不定式短語作主語時,常用it作形式主語,真正的主語不定式置于句后,例如上面兩句可用如下形式:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes。
It means failure to lose your heart。常用句式有:
1、It+be+名詞+to do。
2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。
3、It+be+形容詞+of sb +to do。
4、It+be+形容詞+for sb.+to do。
常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示贊揚或批評的形容詞,不定式前的sb??勺髌溥壿嬛髡Z。
(2)作表語:
Her job is to clean the hall。He appears to have caught a cold。(3)作賓語:
常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(賓語)后面有賓語補足語,則用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語(不定式)后置,放在賓語補足語后面,例如:
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.動詞不定式也可充當介詞賓語,如: I have no choice but to stay here。
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike。
動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用,如: He gave us some advice on how to learn English。
(4)作賓語補足語: 在復合賓語中,動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語,如下動詞常跟這種復合賓語:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite。
此外,介詞有時也與這種復合賓語連用,如: With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema。
有些動詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用,但改為被動語態(tài)時,不定式要加to, 如: I saw him cross the road./He was seen to cross the road。
(5)作定語:
動詞不定式作定語,放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修飾名詞有如下關系:
①動賓關系:
I have a meeting to attend。
注意:不定式為不及物動詞時,所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等,應有必要的介詞,如:
He found a good house to live in。The child has nothing to worry about。
如果不定式修飾time, place, way,可以省略介詞: He has no place to live。
This is the best way to work out this problem。
如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動作承受者,不定式可用主動式也可用被動式:
Have you got anything to send? Have you got anything to be sent? ②說明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容:
We have made a plan to finish the work。
③被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語:
He is the first to get here。
3、難點解析
(1)接不定式或動名詞在意思上有區(qū)別的動詞: fmean to do想要(做某事)propose to do打算(做某事)mean doing意味(做某事)propose doing建議(做某事)forget to do忘記(要做的事)remember to do記得(要做某事)forget doing忘記(已做的事)remember doing記得(已做過的事)
regret to do(對將要做的事)遺憾go on to do繼而(做另一件事)regret doing(對已做過的事)后悔go on doing繼續(xù)(做原來的事)
fstop to do停下來去做另一件事 stop doing停止正在做的事
(2)下列動詞短語中的to是介詞,后面應接動名詞或名詞: object to,resort to,react to,contribute to,look forward to,be accustomed to,be committed to.be exposed to,be subjected to,be devoted to,be dedicated to,be opposed to,be reconciled to,be contrary to
三、分詞 1.分詞作定語
1)分詞作定語既可以放在所修飾的詞之前,作前置定語,也可以放在所修飾的詞后面,作后置定語。其作用相當于一個定語從句。例如:
Where are the reserved seats?(=Where are the seats which have been reserved?)
預定的座位在哪里?
This is a pressing problem.(=This is a problem which is pressing。)
這是一個緊迫的問題。
2)分詞作后置定語可分為限制性(緊跟在所修飾的中心詞之后)和非限制性(用逗號與其所修飾的中心詞分開)兩種,其作用分別相當于一個限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。例如: The funds raised(= which have been raised)are mainly used for helping the homeless。
籌集的資金主要用來幫助那些無家可歸的人。
There are many students waiting(= who are waiting)to get examined。
有許多學生在等待檢查。This book,written(= which is written)in simple English,is suitable for beginners。
本書是用淺顯的英語寫的,適合初學者。
3)分詞常和形容詞、副詞或名詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞作定語。例如:
The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone。那位手持鮮花的姑娘一定在等人。
The newly-built building is our office building。這座新建的大樓是我們的辦公樓。
4)有些不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語,并不表示被動的意思而是表示完成。這類過去分詞常作前置修飾語。例如:
There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn。秋天有許多落葉。
The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man。
這部電影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。
常用的這一類詞有:fallen,faded,returned,retired,risen,grown up,vanished等。
2.分詞作賓語補足語
1)跟分詞作賓補的動詞有:catch,have get,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等。例如:
When they returned home from the holiday,they found their house stolen。
當他們度假完回到家時,發(fā)現(xiàn)房子被盜了。(過去分詞表示被動)2)在復合賓語中,用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補,說明賓語是動作的發(fā)出者,形成邏輯上的主謂關系;用過去分詞作賓補,表示賓語是動作的承受者,構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關系。例如:
There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard。
由于十分吵鬧,講話人沒法讓人聽到他的聲音。
When he awoke,he found himself being looked after by an old woman。
他醒來的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)一位老大娘正在照顧他。
3.分詞作狀語
1)分詞或分詞短語作狀語時,可以表示時間、原因、讓步、條件、方式或伴隨狀況。通??赊D(zhuǎn)換成相應的狀語從句;表示方式或伴隨狀況的可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句或非限制性定語從句。例如:
Confined to bed(= Because she was confined to bed),she needed to be waited on in everything。
她臥病在床,什么事都需要人伺候。(作原因狀語)
Having only book knowledge(= If you only have book knowledge),you will not be
able to work well。
如果只有書本知識,你就不可能做好工作。(作條件狀語)They stood there waiting for the bus.(=They stood there and waited for the bus。)
他們站在那里等公共汽車。(作方式狀語)
2)現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語時的用法比較
不管是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞作狀語,如果單獨作狀語,其邏輯主語必須和主句的主語一致。分詞作狀語通常可以轉(zhuǎn)換成一個相應的狀語從句,如果狀語從句中的謂語動詞為被動結(jié)構(gòu),就用過去分詞;如果狀語從句中的謂語動詞為主動結(jié)構(gòu),就用現(xiàn)在分詞。有時為了強調(diào),分詞前可帶連詞when,while,if,though,as if,unless等一起作狀語,以便使句子的意思更清楚、更連貫。例如:
Working hard(If you work hard),you will succeed。如果你努力,你會成功的。
Defeated(= Though he was defeated),he remained a popular boxer。
雖然他被擊敗了,但他仍然是一個受人喜愛的拳擊手。4.分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)
1)分詞作狀語時,要特別注意其邏輯主語必須和謂語動詞的主語一致。否則,分詞必須有自己的主語,這種帶主語的分詞被稱為分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu),或叫獨立主格。在句中作狀語,表示時間、原因、條件等。例如:
The project finished,they had a two weeks' leave。完成那個計劃后,他們休了兩周假。He being absent,nothing could be done。由于他缺席,什么事也沒法干。
2)獨立結(jié)構(gòu)有時也可以用“with/ without +名詞(或代詞的賓語)+ 分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu),表示伴隨狀況。例如:
They sat there silently,(with)their eyes fixedon the lake。他們靜靜地坐在那里,眼睛看著湖面。
With him helping me,I felt lucky。
有他的幫助,我感到很幸運。5.容易混淆的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞 像 interesting 和 interested 一類的分詞在意義和用法上很容易混淆,一般可作如下區(qū)分:
(1)一部分表示“情感;心情”等意義的動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞有“令人……的;具有……性質(zhì)的”的意思,常用來說明人或事物的特征或性質(zhì)。如:
The president made an inspiring speech at the meeting yesterday。
(2)它們的過去分詞有“感到……的”的意思,用來指人的感覺或所處的狀態(tài),因而它的主語一般不可能是指物的詞。如:
He was too excited to fall asleep。
這類容易混淆的分詞常見的有: encouraging, encouraged;disappointing, disappointed;exciting, excited;inspiring, inspired;interesting, interested;puzzling, puzzled;astonishing, astonished;surprising, surprised 等。
經(jīng)典例題解析:
1.The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C,did?t include women players until 1919.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 析:根據(jù)題干,必須選表示被動的選項,故排除A、D;因B選項表“將要被舉行”意,不合題干之用,只有C選項(相當于which was first played)才合用。
2.European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world。
A.making B.makes C.made D.to make 析:B、C是謂語動詞,在此不可用。D項to make或表目的,或表“將要使得”,這都不合題干情景。只有A.making,可作狀語,表結(jié)果。再舉一現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語例: The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay。公共汽車被大風雪所阻,因而耽誤了。
3.Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening。A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking 析:根據(jù)this evening,應選表示將來義的選項,C、D應排除。Take后無賓語,必然要用被動式,故答案為A。
4.John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment。A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing 析:根據(jù)be made to do sth。句式,可定答案為A。5.The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation。have/gain access to可以獲得
gain/have an advantage over勝過,優(yōu)于 take advantage of利用,趁…之機 d0/try one?s best盡力,努力 make the best of充分利用,妥善處理
A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating
析:根據(jù)warn sb。(not)to do sth。句式,可排除B、D兩項;又根據(jù)非謂語動詞的否定式not總是在首位的規(guī)律,又可排除A,而定C。
6.——I usually go there by train.——Why not ______ by boat for a change?
A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going 析:此題可根據(jù)why not后直接跟原形動詞規(guī)律而一舉確定正確答案為D。若將B項改為try to go,則要根據(jù)其與try going意義之別來確定答案。依據(jù)題干對話內(nèi)容,乙方是建議甲方嘗試乘船變變花樣,所以答案仍為D。
7.______ a reply,he decided to write again。A.Not receiving B.Receiving not
C.Not having received D.Having not received
析:非謂語動詞的否定式not應置于首位,B、D皆為錯誤形式。A項不能表達先于decided的動作,只有選C項才表沒收到信在先,決定再寫信在后,所以C為正確答案。
8.Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer。
A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having mvented 析:consider表“考慮”意時,其后動詞用doing形式,此處不表“考慮”,而表“認為”,這時consider后作賓語補足語或主語補足語多為to do,to have done,to be等形式。據(jù)此可排除B、D兩個選項。又因A表“要發(fā)明”意,不合題用,只有C表“發(fā)明了”意,才合題用,故選C。
2010職稱英語詞匯表:職稱英語理工類詞匯(1)重難點詞組
1)動詞詞組根據(jù)其后的搭配又可分為①動+名;②動+介;③動+副;
2)后接動名詞的固定搭配、形容詞詞組、易混詞組 動詞+名詞形式
catch one?s breath屏息,歇口氣 take care of照顧,照料 take charge of擔任,負責 take a delight in以…為樂 take…into account考慮 pay the way for為...鋪平道路 pay attention to注意 get the best of 勝過 get the.better of打敗,致勝 take care小心.當心 take a chance冒險一試 keep company with與…交往 make a/the difference有影響,很重要 put into effect實行,生效 take effect生效,起作用 keep an eye on留意,照看 find fault埋怨,挑剔 come/go into force生效,實施
be friends with對…友好,與…交上朋友 keep one?s head保持鎮(zhèn)靜
carry/bring into effect使生效,使起作用 come/go into effect生效,實施 catch one eye引人注目 make a face做鬼臉 catch fire著火
make friends交朋友,友好相處 make fun of取笑,嘲弄 lose heart喪失勇氣,失去信心 get hold of抓住,掌握
throw/cast light on使明白,闡明 have…in mind記住,考慮到,想到 come/go into operation使投入生產(chǎn),使運轉(zhuǎn) keep/hold pace with跟上,與...同步 take place發(fā)生,進行
come to the point說到要點,扼要地說 get/learn by heart記住,背誦
keep house管理家務,做家務 bear/keep in mind記住 make up one?s mind下決心 put…in order整理,檢修 play a part in起作用 take the place of代替
bring/carry into practice實施,實行 make progress進步,進展 make sense講得通,有意義 keep in touch保持聯(lián)系 lose touch失去聯(lián)系 put…to use使用,利用 lead the way帶路,引路 make way讓路,開路 give rise to引起,使發(fā)生 catch the sight of發(fā)現(xiàn),突然看見 take one?s time不急不忙,從容進行keep track通曉事態(tài),注意動向 make use of利用 give way讓路,讓步 make one?s way前進,進行 keep one?s word遵守諾言 attempt at企圖,努力 interference in干涉 appeal to呼吁,要求 attitude to/towards態(tài)度,看法 influence 0n影響
interference with妨礙,打擾 introduction to介紹 lots of大量,很多 a matter of(關于...)的問題
reply to回答,答復 a lot(of)許多(的),大量(的)fall in love with相愛,愛上 a number of若干,許多 a series of一系列,一連串 其他固定搭配 credit card信用卡 next door隔壁 face to face面對面地 a few有些,幾個
a little一點,稍微,一些,少許 quite a little相當多,不少 the moment(that)一……就 I.D.card身份證 no doubt無疑,必定 out of doors在戶外
as a matter of fact實際情況,真相 quite a few還不少,有相當數(shù)目的little by little逐漸地 no matter無論 no more不再
fair play公平競賽;公平對待 rest room廁所,盥洗室 side by side肩并肩,一個挨一個 step by step逐步 all the time一直,始終 once in a while偶爾,有時 word for word逐字地 in demand有需要,銷路好 primary school小學 heart and soul全心全意
ahead 0ftime提前 once upon a time從前 no wonder難怪,怪不得 decline with thanks婉言謝絕 動詞+介詞形式 account for說明(原因等)allow for考慮到 arrive at達成,得出 ask for請求,要求 begin with從開始 break off斷絕,結(jié)束
break up中止,結(jié)束;打碎,折斷 aim at瞄準,針對 appeal to呼吁,要求 ask after詢問,問候 attach to附屬于,隸屬于 break into闖入 break through突破 bring about帶來,造成 bring down打倒,挫傷;降低 bringforth產(chǎn)生,提出 bringforward提出
bring up教育,培養(yǎng),使成長 call for邀請;要求,需求 call off放棄,取消
call on/upon訪問,拜訪;號召,呼吁care for照管,關心;喜歡,意欲 early on繼續(xù)下去;從事,經(jīng)營 come to總計,達到;蘇醒,復原 count up把…相加 bring out使出現(xiàn);公布;出版 build up積累;堵塞;樹立,逐步建立;增進;鍛煉 call forth喚起,引起;振作起,鼓起 catch at抓住(東西)call up召集,動員;打電話 carry off奪去
carry out貫徹,執(zhí)行;實現(xiàn) count on依靠;期待,指望 cover up掩飾,掩蓋 deal with處理,對付,安排 fill in/out填充,填定 get into進入,陷入 g0 into進入;研究,調(diào)查 go through經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)受;詳細檢查 go without沒有...也行 keep to保持,堅持 live up t0不辜負
cut across走捷徑,抄近路 d0 without沒有...也行 get at得薊,接近;意思是 go after追求
go for竭力想到得;喜愛;支持,擁護 go with伴隨,與…協(xié)調(diào) improve on改進 lie in在于
live 0n/by靠…生活,以…為食 look after照管,照料 look for尋找,尋求 look over檢查.查看,調(diào)查
2010職稱英語詞匯表:職稱英語理工類詞匯(2)break down損壞,分解,瓦解 break in闖入;打斷;插嘴
make for走向,駛向;有助于 play with以...為消遣,玩弄 run for競選
see to注意,負責,照料,修理 live through度過,經(jīng)受過 look at看望,注視
look into調(diào)查,觀察,過問;窺視 look through仔細查看,瀏覽,溫習occur t0被想到,被想起 refer to參考,查閱,涉及,提到 run into撞上,偶然碰見 send for派人去請,召喚;索取 send in呈報,遞交,送來 set aside挑出,撥出,留出;拒絕 stand by支持,幫助;袖手旁觀 stand against反抗,抵抗 take after與…相像
take in接受,吸收;了解,理解 touch on關系到,涉及 turn to變成;求助于,借助于 serve as作為,用作 sit for參加
stand for代替,代表,意味著 stick to堅持,忠于,信守 take for把…認為是,把…看成是 take to喜歡,親近turn into變成
turn 0ff關上:出產(chǎn);解雇 動詞+副詞形式
break out光出;突然發(fā)生,爆發(fā) burn out燒掉
catch on理解,明白
check out結(jié)賬后離開;檢驗,核查 cheer up使高興,使振奮 clear up收拾;澄清;放晴 come off實現(xiàn),成功,奏效 come out出版;出現(xiàn),顯露;結(jié)果是 bring to使恢復知覺
burn up燒起來,旺起來;燒完 check in辦理登記手續(xù) check up(on)校對,檢查,檢驗 clear away掃除,收拾 make it clear that弄清楚 come on來吧,快點;出場,上演 come round(around)來訪;蘇醒,復原come up走近,上來;發(fā)生,被提出 cut back削減,減少 cut in(汽車)搶道;插嘴,打斷 cut out刪除
die down漸漸消失,平息 draw in(火車、汽車)到站 dress up穿上盛裝,打扮得很漂亮 dry out干透,使干 come through經(jīng)歷,脫臉 cross out刪去,取消 cut down削減,降低 cut 0ff切斷;刪去;停止 cut short突然停止 die out消失,來絕
draw up寫上,畫上;草擬;停住 drop bv/in順便來訪 dry up干涸,枯竭
drop 0ff減弱,減少 fall behind落后 fall throug}l落空,失敗 find out查明
get around/round走動,旅行;(消息)傳開 get by通過,經(jīng)過 get in進入;收獲,收集 get over克服;(從病中)恢復過來 have got t0(d0)不得不,必須 drop out退出,離隊 fall out爭吵;結(jié)果是 feed in輸入
get across解釋清楚,使人了解 get away逃脫,離開 get down從...下來;寫下
get 0ff從…下來;離開,動身,開始 get through結(jié)束,完成;接通電話 get together集合,聚集 give away泄露;分送 give in交上,投降,屈服 give out分發(fā),放出 go ahead開始,前進;領先
go down下降,降低;被載人,傳下去 got out外出;熄滅 go round/around足夠分配 go through通過,審查,完成 get up起床;增加,增強 give back送還,恢復 give off放出,釋放 give up停止,放棄 go by過去 go off爆炸,發(fā)射;動身,離開 go over檢查,審查;復習,重溫 go under下沉,沉沒;失敗;破產(chǎn) g0 up上升,增加;建起 hand in交上,遞交 hand out分發(fā),散發(fā),發(fā)給 hang about閑蕩,徘徊,逗留 hand down流傳下來,傳給,往下傳 hand on傳下來,依次傳遞 hand over交出,移交,讓與 hang back猶豫,躊躇,畏縮 hang on抓緊不放,繼續(xù)下去 have back要回,收回
hold back躊躇,退縮;阻止,抑制 hold out維持,支持;堅持,不屈服 hang up掛斷(電話)have 0n穿著,戴著 hold 0n繼續(xù),握住不放
hold up舉起,阻擋,使停止;搶劫 hurry up(使)趕快,迅速完成 keep down控制,壓制,鎮(zhèn)壓;壓低 keep up保持,維持;繼續(xù),堅持 let in讓...進入,放…進來 let out放掉,放出,發(fā)出 look back回顧,回頭看 look on旁觀,觀看;看待,視作 look in順便看望
make out of用…做,從…得出 keep back阻止,阻擋;隱瞞,保留 keep off不接近,避開 let down放下,降低;使失望
let off放(煙,煙火),開(槍)line up排隊,使排成一行 look out留神,注意,提防,警惕 look up查閱,查考;尋找(某人)make out辨認,區(qū)分;理解,了解 make up構(gòu)成,拼湊;賠償;化裝 pass away去世,逝世 pass to轉(zhuǎn)到,討論,傳到 pay back償還,回報
pay down即時交付,用現(xiàn)金支付 mix up混淆,混合,搞糊涂 pass 0ff中止,停止 pass out失去知覺,昏倒 pay 0ff還清(債)pay up全部付清
pick out選出,挑出,揀出;辨認
pick up拾起,(偶然)得到;(車船)中途搭(人),學會 pull down拆毀.拉倒;拉下,降低 pull in(車)停下,進站,船(到岸)pull on穿,戴 pull together齊心協(xié)力 put aCrOSS解釋清楚,說明 put away放好,收好;儲存 put forward提出
put on穿上,戴上;上演。put right改正(錯誤),整理 pull 0ff脫(帽、衣)
pull out拔出,抽出;(車、船)駛出 pull up(使)停下 put aside儲存,保留
put down記下,放下;鎮(zhèn)壓,平定 put in駛進
put out熄滅,關(燈);出版,發(fā)布;生產(chǎn)
put up提起,舉起,提(價);為…提供住宿,投宿 nng off掛斷電話
rub down撞倒,撞沉;追捕,追查
run over略讀,略述;輾過,瀏覽,匆匆復習see through看穿,識破;干完,干到底 set down卸下,放下,記下,記入 set off出發(fā),動身;引起,使發(fā)生 set up創(chuàng)立,建立,樹立;資助 show off炫耀,賣弄 rub out擦掉,拭去
2010職稱英語詞匯表:職稱英語理工類詞匯(3)add up to合計,總計 break away(from)脫離,逃跑 come true實現(xiàn),達到 come up with提出,提供 do away with廢除,去掉?
have nothing to do with和…毫無關系 make believe假裝 catch up with追上,趕上 come up to達到,符合
concern with關心,掛念;從事于 have something to do with和…有點關系 fall back on求助于,轉(zhuǎn)而依靠 fall in with符合,與…一致 as follows如下
get through到達,完成,及格 be fed up with感到厭煩
get along/0n with有進展,有進步 get somewhere有些;結(jié)果
run 0ff復印,打印 see 0ff給…送行
set back推遲,延緩,阻礙 set forth闡明,陳述 set out陳列,顯示;動身;制定 show in領人
show up使呈現(xiàn),使醒目 sitin列席,旁聽 speed up使加速 stand up站起來,耐用.step in插入,介入 take away 其他固定搭配
get down to開始,著手 get the better 0f占上風,勝過 give onese~away泄露,露馬腳
give way to給…讓路,對…讓步,被…代替 go back on違背 go before居前
have to/have got t0不得不,必須 help oneself自取所需(食物)keep out of躲開,置身…之外 get out of逃避,改掉 have get有
give oneself up自首,投降,投案 go along with陪同前往,隨行 g0 in for從事,致力于,追求 hang on to緊握住,堅持下去 have t0 do with與…有關 hold on t0緊緊抓住,堅持 keep up with向...看齊,跟上…
let alone不干涉;更不用說 let go放開,松手
look down 0n看不起,輕視 be made up of由…構(gòu)成,由…組成 never mind不要緊,沒關系 put up with容忍,忍受 run out of用完,用盡,耗盡 lend itself to適用于,對…有用 let loose放開,放松,釋放 live up to做到,不負 look up to尊敬,敬仰 make up for補償,彌補 put in for申請
refer t0...as把…稱作,把...當做
2010職稱英語詞匯表:職稱英語理工類詞匯(4)above all首先,畢竟 at a11完全,根本 all over遍及,到處 not at all一點也不
leave alone聽其自然,更不用說 one after another一個接一個
anything but除…以外任何事(物),根本不 as for至于,就…方面說 after all終于,畢竟;雖然這樣 all but幾乎,差一點 in all總共,總計
aU out全力以赴,竭盡全力 alongwith與…一起 one another互相 as...as像…一樣 as if好像,仿佛 as though好像,仿佛
serve right活該,給應得的待遇 set in來臨,流行 stand up for為...辯護;維護 come to stay木已成舟 take…as把…作為
think better 0f改變主意,重新考慮 throw down推倒 set out to打算,著手
stand up t0面對,堅決抵抗;經(jīng)得起 stay by守在一邊
think 0f…as把…看做是,以為…是 throw about亂丟(東西),亂花(錢)throw(a)light on照亮,闡明
其他重要的固定搭配 as well也,又
not as/so...as不如…那樣 back of在…后部,在...背部 had better最好還是,應該 but for除...以外,倘沒有,除非
either...or或…或,不是…就是;無論...還是even if/though即使,雖然 as to至于,關于
as well as(除...之外)也,既...又 back and forth往返,來來往往地 because 0f由于,因為 both…and既…又…,兩個都 each other互相 or else否則,要不然 even then即使那樣 except for除…之外 by far...得多,最
so far迄今為止 if only要是…就 in itself本身
at least至少,最低程度 a little一點;一些,少許 quite a little相當多,不少 as/so far as遠至,到...程度 far from遠非,遠離 first of aⅡ首先,第一 by itself獨自,單獨 at last最終,終于
no less than決不少于,不亞(次)于 little by little逐漸地 as/so long as只要,如果 no longer不再,已不 many a許多的 more 0r less或多或少
no more than不過,僅僅;和...一樣 make the most of充分利用
every now and then有時,時時,偶爾now and then時而,不時 0ff and on斷斷續(xù)續(xù),不時地 a great/good many 0f許多,大量 nlore and mole越來越 no more不再
at(the)most最多,至少,不超過 neither…nor既不…也不 just now剛才,一會兒以前 now that既然,由于 and so on等等
all at once突然;同時,一起
once(and)for all一勞永逸,限此一次 by oneself獨自地,單獨地 other than不同于 all right好,行
ever since從那時起,自那時以來 ever so非常,極其
so…as to結(jié)果是;如此...以至于 at once立刻,馬上 once more再一次,又一次 every other每隔一個地 over and over(again)一再,再三 all round周圍,處處 and so on/forth等等 or so大約,左右 sofar迄今為止
s0 that以便,為的是;結(jié)果是 such as像....that is(=i.e.)就是說,即 up t0起來,從事于,忙于;直至
what if如果……將會怎樣,即使…又如何whether…0r是…還是,不管…還是 and yet可是,然而 abide by堅持;遵守
adapt to(使)適應,適合;改編 so…that如此...以至于 such…that那樣的…以致 as though好像
what about(對于)…怎么樣 g0 wrong發(fā)生故障,出毛病 as yet到目前(那時)為止 accustom t0使習慣 adhere t0粘附,膠著;堅持 cling to粘住;依附;堅持 compensate for補償,賠償 conceive 0f設想,構(gòu)思;以為 consult with商量,商議
apologize(一ise)to sb.for sth.道歉,認錯 collide with抵觸
comply with照做,遵照,應允 conform to遵守,依照,符合,順應 cooperate with合作,協(xié)作,相配合 cope with競爭,對抗;對付,應付;妥善處理 derive from導出,由...來 dispose 0f處理。處置 deduce from演繹,推斷 deviate from背離,偏離 dispose for布置,安排 dwell on凝思;詳述 impose on把...強加給
originate in/from起源,發(fā)生;首創(chuàng),創(chuàng)造 preside at/over主持 reconcile t0/with使一致 restrain from抑制,制止 scrape through擦過,勉強通過 hinder from阻止,妨礙 intervene in干涉,干預;插入 participate in參與,參加;分享
prevait over/against取勝,占優(yōu)勢;流行,盛行 reign over統(tǒng)治;盛行
sacrifice for,to犧牲,獻出j獻祭
2010職稱英語詞匯表:職稱英語理工類詞匯(5)hear of聽到,聽說
specialize in專攻,專門研究,專業(yè)化 testify t0證明,證實 queue up排隊,排隊等待 correspondence with通信 dependence on依靠;依賴;信賴 exposure t0受到 objeetion to反對,異議 proficiency in熟練,精通 thirst for渴望,熱望
flare up突然燃燒起來;突然發(fā)怒 acquaint sb.with使認識,使了解 congratulation on祝賀
dissatisfaction with/at不滿,不平longing for渴望
preference for,to偏愛,喜愛;優(yōu)惠;優(yōu)選 requirement for需要,需要的東西,要求by comparison比較起來 in sequence依次,逐一 in accordance with與…一致 be accustomed to習慣于 be bound to必定,一定 to and fr0來來回回 on schedule按預定時間 at stake在危險中,利害攸關 on behalf 0f代表…,為了...on the sly偷偷地,冷不防地 in excess 0f超過
at random隨機地,任意地 on sight一見就…,立即 要求掌握的基本短語結(jié)構(gòu) put into effect生效
get out of control失控 come to a conclusion得出結(jié)論 decline invitation辭謝邀請 put into use使用,應用 put into practice落實 be satisfied with滿足 hardly…when剛…就… avoid doing sth.避免干某事 come about發(fā)生,出現(xiàn) in support of支持 bring about發(fā)生,引起 be different from與…不同 out of the question絕不可能 in time及時 indifferent to不在乎 above all最重要的 prepare for準備 first of a11首先 get to開始;到達 at the moment此刻 be on sale 出售 carry through完成 be in demand需要
the key to…的答案(線索、辦法)cure sb.of治好某人… aIl the way從遠道,從頭至尾 glance at瞥見,一瞥 take interest in對…發(fā)生興趣 be on good terms with sb.與某人友好take charge of負責 take a chance冒一下險
clean up打掃;清除 hundreds of數(shù)以百計的 in proportion to按...的比例 be beneficial to對…有益 put out撲滅
entrust sb.with sth.委托某人某事 break into tears(cheers)突然哭(歡呼)起來 in no way決不 make an attempt試圖 come uD with提出 call on號召 on the way在途中 keep on with堅持 make up for彌補 break away from從...脫離 give rise to導致 be subiected to遭受 not on any account決不 a multitude of大量(接復數(shù)名詞)run into陷入
be involved in卷入,陷入 超綱的其它固定搭配 be satisfied of相信 may(might)as well還是…好 rule out排斥
agree on/upon取得一致意見 argue about爭論
take(make)a stand for捍衛(wèi) take(make)a stand against反對 come after跟隨 lie up躺著休息 without question毫無疑問 beside the question離題 bring to mind使人想起 compile dictionary編字典 ask for要價
refresh one§memory使人記起 present sb.with sth.送給某人某禮物 against oneg will違心地 in one's will在…遺囑中 with ease容易,不費力 fall off下降
televise live實況轉(zhuǎn)播 go on strike罷工 at will隨意
of one's free will出于自愿 at ease不拘束 fall away背離
for the moment暫時,目前 have intention of有意,打算 have not the least idea of不知道 have desire to do sth.想做某事 be particular about講究 pass through通過,經(jīng)過 bv the moment到…時 no intention of無意,不打算 have no desire for對…沒有欲望 have sth.in stock有現(xiàn)貨 carry about隨身攜帶 pass by從…旁邊經(jīng)過 pass over不注意,忽視 get out使…出去
be of little value沒什么價值 pull back撤退 pull along沿…拉 die off死去,凋謝
something of在某種程度(意義)上 pass for被認為(當做)now that既然,由于 at oneg wits end不知所措 pull round掉頭,轉(zhuǎn)向;康復 die away(漸漸)消失 drop down落下
do sth.for a living靠做某事謀生 make a name of oneseff出名,揚名 put sb.throu曲為某人接通電話 beyond oneg power超出某人的能力 ahead of schedule提前 turn away轉(zhuǎn)變方向;拒絕 be answerable for應對...負責 glimpse of瞥見,一瞥
entitle sb.(to do)sth.給予某人(干)某事的權利 part with放棄,離開 turn back翻過來 lay up擱置;貯存 be lacking in缺乏
in correspondence with與….聯(lián)系(通信)be it that即使
in connection with與…相連 be advantageous to對...有利 in debt to sb.欠某人的債
assure sb.of sth.使某人對某事放心 dwell on細想,詳解 put(set)right使恢復正常,糾正錯誤 offthe way遠離正道 escape doing sth.躲避干某事 within the limit of在…范圍內(nèi) go dim(大腦)混沌
2010職稱英語詞匯表:職稱英語理工類詞匯(6)1.just,tair just合乎情理的 fair事情公平的 2.frank,honest,sincere frank坦城的 honest誠實的 sincere真誠的 3.admire,respect admire羨慕 respect尊敬
4.alter。change,transform alter(局部)發(fā)生變化
change(整體)發(fā)生變化
transform(物質(zhì)本質(zhì)/性質(zhì))發(fā)生變化 5.cure.heal cure治愈疾病 heal治愈傷口 6.damage,destroy damage(部分)破壞/損壞 destroy(徹底地)毀壞 7.decrease,deduce decrease在數(shù)量和程度上減少 deduce在尺寸或速度上減少 8.assure,ensure,insure assure使(人)相信,放心,保證
in the mood for sth.對某事有心境? set a limit to限制 call at訪問
go blank(頭腦)變成空白 go faint暈過去 ensure確保,保證 insure保險 9.1ater.1ately,latter later稍后,以后 lately近來,最近latter(多指兩者中的)后者 1o.adjacent和adjloining
這些詞都有next to“緊挨”的意思。
adiacent“毗鄰的,鄰近的”,但它們可能并不相互直接接觸。adioining和conti?guous指相互接觸,通常之間有一個edge或boundary。
11.advise和advice
advise”勸告”(動詞);advice“勸告”(名詞)。
12affect和effect
affect”影響”vt.,它的第二個意思是“假裝”,Though she attectes indifference,I Knew She was really very upset
effect n.“結(jié)果”,“效力”。vt.“產(chǎn)生”,“導致”,它比“to cause,to bring out'?更為正式。His aim was to effect a radical change in the party structure.13.all ready和already
all ready意思是“COBpletely prepared'? already'?已經(jīng)”。He had already had his hmeh.14.altogether和all together altogether(in total)“總共”,all together意思是“in a group'?。如:We put the sheep all together in one field.這兩個詞還可以分開。We put all the sheep together in one field.15.besides和beside
besides意思是“in addition to”“加之,還有,另外”;而beside“在……旁邊”,“在……一側(cè)”。Duncan is the tall man standing beside my father.站在我爸爸旁邊的高個子男子是鄧肯。16.coherence和cohesion coherence”統(tǒng)一,一致性”;cohesion“結(jié)合力,團結(jié)”,The cohesion or molecules分子的結(jié)合力。,17.compare with和 compare to compare with'?和……比起來”
compare to”好比”。He compared the moon to a silver plate.他把月亮比成一個大銀盤。
18.impel和compel impel“推動,驅(qū)使,激勵”。impel sb.to do sth.激勵某人做某事;compel”強迫,脅迫,迫使”。compel sb.to oneg will強迫人服從自己。
19.complement和compliment
complement“補足(物),補全”,“補足語”。
compliment”恭維話,贊辭,敬意”;Your presence is a great compliment.承蒙光臨,不勝榮幸。
2o.continual和continuous continual“連續(xù),繼續(xù)”;“頻繁的”;continual bouts of toothache一陣接一陣的牙痛。(這中間可能有停頓或間斷。)continuous”連續(xù)”(指從不間斷的);we've had three weeks of continuous rain.我們這里連續(xù)三周下雨不停。
21.might和could might表明“possibility'?。
could應該用來表明“permission”.Mum said we could(might)go to the football match.22.council和counsel council“議事機構(gòu)”,委員會a cabinet council內(nèi)閣會議。counsel”商議,勸告”;follow sb.'s counsel close牢記某人忠告。23.economical和economic economic“經(jīng)濟學的,經(jīng)濟上的”an economic survey of Scotland蘇格蘭經(jīng)濟調(diào)查;an economic block.ade經(jīng)濟封鎖;economical”節(jié)儉的,經(jīng)濟的”;He's had to learn to be more economical now that his only in.come is a small pension.24.historical和historic
imply“含有……的意思”;Do you realize what his words imply?你理解他說話的含意嗎?I do not imply that you are wrong.我的意思不是說你錯了。
26.intense和intensive.intense“激烈的,強烈的”,“緊張的”an intense light強烈的燈光;intense heat酷熱;an intense life奮發(fā)圖強的生活。
intensive“加強的,集中的”;“深入細致的,徹底的”;an intensive bombardment密集炮擊;an inten—sive study徹底的研究;an intensive reading精讀(opp.Extensive reading泛讀)。
27.apt和prone
它們都具有“tending to or in the habit of¨的意思,但是prone只用于人。Elderly people are prone to falls,often because of arthritic joints or dizziness.28.1oose和lose loose“松的,寬的”。
lose”丟失”;lose oneg balance失去平衡,跌倒;lose oneg head被搞糊涂。
29.magical和magic
它們都和magic有關系,但是magical也有“wonderful,entrancing'?的意思。
3o.masterly和masterful
masterly(showing great skill or the skill of a master)“熟練的;名家的”。
Masterful(showing power or authority)“主人派頭的,專橫的”;Youi'e so strong and masterful.2010職稱英語詞匯表:職稱英語理工類詞匯(7)
1.修飾功能 2.副詞的位置
A短語之中depend largely on,different fundamentally from stem largely from,result partially from B副+限+形+名adv.+限定詞+n轉(zhuǎn) almost all,not a woman
approximately 272,nearly a hundred 23 boys C并列連詞之后,從屬連詞之前
historical”有關歷史的“,“歷史的”,the historical period歷史階段;historical personage歷史人物。?historic“歷史上有名的,有歷史意義的”,historic town歷史名城。
25.infer和imply
and thus,and thereby,and therefore;
and then,and even,and also;and not,and yet;or even long before,simply because,ever since,only if,even though infer”猜想,臆測”,“推斷”;infer a motive from an effect從效果推知動機。
3.用于修飾比較級 rather,much,even,far,vastly,fairly,a lot,considerably so主要用作副詞,代詞;such主要用作形容詞和代詞。這兩個a bit,a little,a little/bit,slightly,somewhat 4.greatly只修飾動詞及分詞,much不修飾形容詞原形 great/greater great/greatly 5.副詞的最高級可不加定冠詞 flies live longest in the cool temperature.6.so與such的用法 lead引導,指引 leave使,讓 like喜歡 mean意欲,打算 need需要
oblige不得不
order命令 permit允許 persuade勸導 pray請求 prefer喜歡,寧愿 press迫使 prompt促使
pronounce斷定,表示 recommend勸告,推薦 remind提醒 report報告 request請求 require要求
show(how)/summon傳喚 teach教 tell告訴 tempt勸誘 train訓練 urge激勵,力說
詞都可以與that搭配使用,形成“如此…以至于…”的語意,在“so…that-.'?結(jié)構(gòu)中so是副詞,在“such…that…”的結(jié)構(gòu)中such是形容詞,因為詞性的不同,所以考生使用這兩個詞的時候要注意:such修飾名詞性結(jié)構(gòu),so修飾形容詞或副詞。
She had such繭自縛a fright(名詞)that she fainted.她嚇得昏倒了。
It is so small(形容詞)that you cannot see it.小得你看不出來。2010職稱英語詞匯表:職稱英語理工類詞匯(8)
want想要 wish希望 經(jīng)典例句:
1.They are training these dogs to sniff out drugs.他們訓練狗嗅出毒品來。
2.11l get somebody to repair the machine.我去找人修理機器。
3.I recommend you to do what he says.我勸你照他說的去做。
4.The radio urged people t0 contribute to the Red Cross.電臺要求人們向紅十字會捐助。
A.下面的動詞要求不定式做賓語 afford負擔得起 aim針對 agree同意 appear似乎,顯得 arrange安排 ask問 attempt企圖 bear隨 begin開始 beg請求
bother擾亂,煩惱 eare關心,喜歡 cease停止 choose選擇 claim要求
contrive設法,圖謀 consent同意,贊同 decide決定 decline推卻 demand要求 design設計,預定 desire愿望 determine決定 destine洽談室 dread害怕 enable能夠 endeavour努力 expect期望 fail不能 forget忘記 happen碰巧 hate憎恨,厭惡 hesitate猶豫 hope希望 incline有......傾向 intend想要 admit承認
advocate提倡,主張 appreciate感激,欣賞avoid避免 cant help不禁 cant stand受不了 consider考慮 cease停止 commence開始 complete完成 confess坦白
contemplate細想 defer拖延 delay延遲 deny否認 detest嫌惡 dislike不喜歡 discourage使沮喪 dread可怕 endure忍受 enjt,y享有,喜愛 envy嫉妒 escape逃跑,逃避 excuse借口 fancy幻想,愛好 hate討從 keep保持
2010職稱英語詞匯表:職稱英語理工類詞匯(9)loathe不喜歡,討厭 mention提到.說到 mind介意,留意 miSS錯過 pardon原諒,饒怒 permit允許 postpone延遲;延期 practice實踐 prevent阻止 resume恢復 risk冒險 suggest建議 save營救,儲蓄 stand堅持忍受 tolerate寬容,忍受 understand明白,理解 典型例句:
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激兩年前給我出國學習的機會。,“should(可省略)動詞原形”用于如下結(jié)構(gòu)中的that從句中: A.用于表示意原、建議、命令、提議,請求等動詞后的that賓語從句中,這類動詞有:
ask要求 beg請求 demand要求 insist堅持
(3)動名詞作介詞的賓語。
move建議,動員
幾乎所有介詞都可用動名詞作賓語。主要有以下搭配關系:
A:動 介 動名詞(we insist 0n your leaving…)
B:名詞(形容,不及物動詞)介詞to(不要把它視為動詞不定式的標志)。
下面大綱中所列短語中的”tof?為介詞:(be)contrary t0與……相反(be)opposed to反對 be used t0習慣于 resort to訴諸于 be accustomed to習慣于 be committed to委身于 with regard t0關于 contribute to貢獻等 with a view to為……起見 in contrast t0與……成對比(照)be exposed t0/be dedicated to致力= as t0關于
be devoted to獻身于
react to對……反應
look forward to期待
2010職稱英語詞匯表:職稱英語理工類詞匯(10)
C:動 副 介 動名詞
Look forward to her coming soon.D:形容詞(或具有形容詞性質(zhì)的一ed分詞)介詞 ing(詳見形容詞詞組)
advise建議
command命令
desire渴望 intend打算 propose提議 arrange安排 decide決定 determine決定 maintain堅持,主張 objeet反對
order命令prefer建議require需要
request要求resolve下決心recommend推薦 suggest建議stipulate約定規(guī)定urge強調(diào),促進 vote公認,提議decree頒布(法令)prey請求
B.用于it is 形容詞或過去分詞 主語從句中,這類形容詞或分詞有:
advisable明智的,合理的decided決定的crucial關鍵的
appropriate恰當?shù)膁etermined決定的commanded命令的
arranged安排的essential緊要的,基本的complied遵照
anxious焦急的imperative迫切的important重要的
desirable合意的better較好的,更好insistent堅持的
desired想要的asked請求keen渴望的
incredible難以置信的adamant堅定不移的natural自然的
insisted堅持的necessary必要的suggested建議 urgent緊迫的ordered命令shocked震驚的 vital極其重要的possible可能的strange奇怪的 preferable好一點proposed提議proposed提議 requested要求的required要求的recommended推薦 resolved決定的probable可能的pity可惜,憾事 shame遺憾
C·表示建議、要求,命令,請求等含義的名詞引導表語從句和同位語從句;??嫉挠校?/p>
advice忠告decision,demand,desire,insistence,motion提議
necessity必要性order命令
preference偏愛,選擇proposal,pray懇求 recommendation推薦request要求 requirement要求resolution決心 suggestion勸告,忠告 典型例句:
1.He ordered that parking be prohibited on Main street during the rush hour
2.It is appropriate that some time be devoted to thorough study of the results of the Aoollo mission.
第三篇:自籌經(jīng)費研究生協(xié)議書_(學術理工類_專業(yè)工程_碩士)
中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)
2011年自籌經(jīng)費碩士研究生協(xié)議書
根據(jù)教育部有關文件精神,同學經(jīng)與中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)協(xié)商,自愿攻讀中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)2011年自籌經(jīng)費碩士研究生,并達成如下協(xié)議:
一、考生,參加了2011年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試,經(jīng)考生與學校協(xié)商,自愿攻讀專業(yè)的自籌經(jīng)費碩士研究生,導師為。
二、自籌經(jīng)費研究生,在校學習時間為2-3年。
三、學習期間待遇:自籌經(jīng)費研究生在學習期間可以轉(zhuǎn)戶口、檔案,工資關系(注明工作年限)轉(zhuǎn)入的自籌經(jīng)費研究生,學校按國家規(guī)定標準發(fā)放助學金、獎學金,未轉(zhuǎn)工資關系的不發(fā)放助學金、獎學金。學生本人負擔醫(yī)療費、住宿費等。
四、學籍管理: 自籌經(jīng)費研究生在校學習期間因病休學、因故退學、違反校規(guī)等均按學校有關規(guī)定處理。
五、自籌經(jīng)費研究生畢業(yè)后,分配就業(yè)按國家有關規(guī)定執(zhí)行。
六、自籌經(jīng)費研究生在學習期間,需按國家標準向?qū)W校提供自籌經(jīng)費共計壹萬捌千元整(18000.00元)??善骄秩卧诿繉W年開學時繳納,申請兩年畢業(yè)的研究生須在論文答辯前交清所有費用。請在每學年開學前(八月底)將款匯至中國農(nóng)業(yè)銀行北京市海東地大分理處, 賬號11-***,或?qū)F(xiàn)金交至中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)財務處。請注明2011級XXX(研究生本人姓名)研究生培養(yǎng)費。
七、本協(xié)議有效期限3年,一式三份。經(jīng)雙方相關人員簽字蓋章后生效,不因人事變動而改變。協(xié)議未盡事宜,由雙方協(xié)商解決。
八、請于5月31日前將本協(xié)議書簽訂完后,寄回或送至研究生招生辦公室,過期未寄回或交回者,按自動放棄錄取資格處理,學校將另外錄取他人。
九、此協(xié)議在上級主管部門批準錄取后生效。
研究生簽字:院(系)主任簽字:導師簽字:院(系)蓋章
2011年月日2011年月日
研究生院蓋章:
負責人簽字:2011年月日
第四篇:學術英語interview
INTERVIEW
Company: Hu Dong Shipyard Position: Design Apartment A: Respond for Interviewer
(Cui Bingbing)B: Respond for Interviewee
(Bu Yinglei)
B: Hello Mr.Cui,nice to meet you.A: Hello Mr.Bu,nice to meet you too.Please sit down.B: Thank you, what a beautiful and quiet environment.A: Oh,thanks.A: OK, please tell me about yourself? B: My name is Bu Yinglei, I’m 24 years old, I graduated from Harbin Engineering University and majored in Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure.I obtained university scholarship many times and published some papers in magazines, you will learn more about it in my resume.A: Yes, I have read your resume and it makes a very strong impression on me.B: Oh,thank you.A: You are welcome.Well, I know about you have some exercitation experiences in your resume, please tell me about them? B: OK, I have exercitations at Da Lian shipyard and Cheng Xi shipyard for about half a month, besides I have an exercitation just in your company last winter.A: Oh, really.I think you must have learnt a lot from them.B: Oh,yes.A: OK,next question, what make you choose our company? B: In my job search, I have investigated a number of companies.Yours is one of the few that interests me.I think your company attracts me for these reasons.Firstly, your company is one of the most important shipyards in china.Secondly, I have some classmates who are just working at your company;they recommend me to choose your company and I also think that your company is just for me.A: OK,thank you.There are many staffs in our company who just graduate from your university and they all make grate contribution to our company.it’s the reason why I come here again.Then,what kind of personality do you think you have and what are your personal weaknesses?
B: I prefer fixing attention on one thing a time, I don’t like to give up halfway.Well, talking about my personal weaknesses, I’m afraid I’m a poor talker.I’m not comfortable talking with the people whom I have just met for the first time, but I have trying my best to overcome this personal weakness.A: Oh, I appreciate your personality very much.As to your personal weakness, there are many people in our company who just like you are poor talkers, but it doesn’t forbid them to be grate success.B: Oh ,thank you.A: OK, what kinds of people do you like work with? B: Overall I am an easy-going and sincerity person, I think I can work with any kinds of person and get well along with them.A: Well, the sense of teamwork is important in our company, I think the person like you will work with other people harmonious.Then, what do you look for in a job? B: I want improve my skills and abilities in this job, learn more knowledge on shipbuilding and the make contribution to your company and our country’s shipbuilding industry, earn enough money to live a good life at the same time.A: OK,your reasons are common and how long would you stay with us? B: As long as I feel that I’m contributing, and that my contribution is recognized, I want to make a long term commitment.A: Your answer is smart, then the last question, what are your long-range goals? B: I want to become a supervisor through my hard work, to grow and develop professionally, to help others develop, to build a team and to share what I have learned.A: OK,you have a great ambition.Don’t you have any questions to ask? B: Oh,yes.What are the specific requires in this position? A: You will have a lot of projects to take part in and play an important role in this position.From my point of view, the specific requires in this position are senses of teamwork and responsibility.B: Oh, yes.Then what is the most difficulty in this position? A: From my point of view, the most difficulty in this position is will always deal with problem under pressure.Well, our company will give you a fair salary based on the job responsibilities, your experience and skills.B: Yes I know, I have learned it from my classmates who just work at design apartment.Thank you give me the chance to introduce myself, and thank you for your answers.A: You are welcome, Mr.Bu.Thank you for your interest in our company.Goodbye B: Thank you for your time, Mr.Cui.Goodbye 2
第五篇:summary學術英語
A summary of Text 12
Title:How Radiation Threatens Health
Author:Nina Bai
Source:Scientific American, 15 March, 2010
Summary:
The radiation leaks at Fukushima makes people feel worried, and it’s necessary to know that the health effects caused by radiation exposure depend on its level, type and duration.Every person is exposed some background radiation from natural but only beyond this level people can get radiation sickness.At the same time, the radiation which takes different forms is produced by different heavy isotopes.On the other hand, the exposure time is so important that high single dose of radiation can do much more harm to human than the same dosage accumulate overtime.Last but not least, the government should remember the Chernobyl’s lessons but we’d better not do too many extra measures to make people feel scared.(124 words)