第一篇:大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)動(dòng)機(jī)類型分析與英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)
[摘 要]動(dòng)機(jī)是影響英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素。本文對(duì)大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)類型進(jìn)行了分析,并對(duì)在教學(xué)中如何通過(guò)激發(fā)學(xué)生的口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī),促進(jìn)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的積極性,從而有效地提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)水平提出了建議。
[關(guān)鍵詞]學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī);英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ);英語(yǔ)教學(xué);類型
一、英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)概述
動(dòng)機(jī)是激勵(lì)人去行動(dòng)的內(nèi)部動(dòng)因和力量,它是個(gè)體發(fā)動(dòng)和維持行動(dòng)的一種心理狀態(tài)。英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)也不例外,它的產(chǎn)生與維持總有其內(nèi)部的、心理上的原因。這種內(nèi)部的、心理上的原因就是英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)。英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)是影響學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的主要的非認(rèn)知因素。對(duì)此,許多專家學(xué)者都曾有過(guò)非常精辟的論斷。
Brown(1981)把動(dòng)機(jī)歸納為以下三點(diǎn):(1)整體動(dòng)機(jī)(global motivation),指對(duì)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)(外語(yǔ))學(xué)習(xí)的一般態(tài)度;(2)情景動(dòng)機(jī)(situa-tion motivation),指在自然習(xí)得情況下學(xué)習(xí)者不同于課堂學(xué)習(xí)者的動(dòng)機(jī);(3)任務(wù)動(dòng)機(jī)(task moti-vation),指對(duì)具體任務(wù)的動(dòng)機(jī)。
動(dòng)機(jī)研究專家Gardner和Lambert在20世紀(jì)50年代把英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)(外語(yǔ))學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)歸納為“歸附型動(dòng)機(jī)”(integrative motivation)和“工具型動(dòng)機(jī)”(instrument motivation)兩大類[2J。歸附型動(dòng)機(jī)是指學(xué)習(xí)者對(duì)講目的語(yǔ)的社團(tuán)有真正的興趣或有特殊的興趣;希望能夠更好地同使用目的語(yǔ)社團(tuán)的人進(jìn)行交際,期望參與或融入到目的語(yǔ)社團(tuán)的社會(huì)生活,其最終目的是為了讓自己能在目的語(yǔ)社團(tuán)中生存,較為強(qiáng)調(diào)“survive”。工具型動(dòng)機(jī)則是指學(xué)習(xí)者為了某一特殊的目的,如通過(guò)考試、獲得某一職位以改善自己的社會(huì)地位和資格,或?yàn)榱双@取目的語(yǔ)國(guó)家的信息,如閱讀科技文獻(xiàn)等。
Dornyer吸收了主流動(dòng)機(jī)心理學(xué)研究的有關(guān)理論,在多年實(shí)證研究的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)(外語(yǔ))學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)三維結(jié)構(gòu)模式。該模式從語(yǔ)言層面、學(xué)習(xí)層面和學(xué)習(xí)情景三個(gè)層面來(lái)界定和測(cè)量學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)。它強(qiáng)調(diào)了語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的多維性質(zhì),反映了語(yǔ)言的三個(gè)不同層面,即社會(huì)、學(xué)習(xí)者個(gè)人和教育的主要問(wèn)題。該研究在理論上豐富了英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)(外語(yǔ))學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)研究的內(nèi)容,推進(jìn)了英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)(外語(yǔ))學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的研究和發(fā)展。
專家學(xué)者們對(duì)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)(外語(yǔ))學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的含義、類型及其對(duì)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)(外語(yǔ))學(xué)習(xí)的分析研究的主要目的之一就是為教學(xué)實(shí)踐提供理論依據(jù),為教學(xué)實(shí)踐服務(wù),以期更好地提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量和學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)。他們的研究結(jié)果表明:不論什么類型的動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)都有幫助。為了幫助大學(xué)生確立學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī),端正學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度,學(xué)好英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ),接下來(lái)我們對(duì)大學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的類型進(jìn)行分析。
二、大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)類型分析
大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)是在學(xué)習(xí)需要的基礎(chǔ)上形成和發(fā)展起來(lái)的。學(xué)習(xí)需要的多樣性決定學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的復(fù)雜性,學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的復(fù)雜性對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)效果有很大的影響。教學(xué)中我們發(fā)現(xiàn):第一,一小部分學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)是由于家庭背景或想要出國(guó)的需要,他們具有歸附型動(dòng)機(jī)。
第二,一部分學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的功利性和實(shí)用性目的非常明顯,主要是為了應(yīng)付考試,或考慮到畢業(yè)后如果在外企工作,經(jīng)常要使用英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ),同時(shí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)程度的高低可能會(huì)不同程度地影響到求職或加薪升職,或者是為了生存等才努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的。他們的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)可歸到工具型動(dòng)機(jī)。
第三,一部分學(xué)生具有融合型口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī),即歸附型動(dòng)機(jī)和工具型動(dòng)機(jī)兼而有之。中國(guó)加入WTO后,對(duì)外交流越來(lái)越多,學(xué)習(xí)者對(duì)目標(biāo)語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化越來(lái)越感興趣,渴望融入
目標(biāo)語(yǔ)社團(tuán),渴望與目標(biāo)語(yǔ)社團(tuán)的人們進(jìn)行交流、貿(mào)易等。他們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)一是為了生存,二是為了改善自己的社會(huì)地位。
第四,一部分學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的動(dòng)機(jī)來(lái)自學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的興趣,動(dòng)機(jī)的滿足在活動(dòng)之內(nèi)。它不需要外界的誘因、懲罰來(lái)使行動(dòng)指向目標(biāo),因?yàn)樾袆?dòng)本身就是一種動(dòng)力。他們的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)屬于內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)。
第五,一部分學(xué)生是由于外部誘因所引起的動(dòng)機(jī)的滿足不在活動(dòng)之內(nèi),而在活動(dòng)之外,是對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)帶來(lái)的結(jié)果感興趣。如有的學(xué)生是為了得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),或不辜負(fù)父母的期望,取悅于老師等。他們所擁有的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)屬于外部動(dòng)機(jī)。
從以上大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)類型分析中我們得出這樣一個(gè)結(jié)論:即學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中持有不同的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)顯然會(huì)有迥然不同的學(xué)習(xí)效果,這與他們的學(xué)習(xí)背景和各自的需要有密切的關(guān)系。
大學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的動(dòng)機(jī)種類很多,對(duì)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)有很大的影響。為了提高學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的能力,提高口語(yǔ)水平,我們必須從端正學(xué)生的口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)人手,針對(duì)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)際,采取行之有效的教學(xué)策略,使口語(yǔ)教學(xué)合理化、規(guī)范化,將大學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的實(shí)際需要轉(zhuǎn)化為他們的心理需要,營(yíng)造有效的口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境,增強(qiáng)大學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的自信心,激發(fā)學(xué)生的求知欲、興趣、愛(ài)好等,盡量排除近期目標(biāo)的誘惑,保持持久的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)興趣,實(shí)現(xiàn)理想的融合型學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)。
三、大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的激發(fā)和培養(yǎng)
Dornyer和Csizer主持的問(wèn)卷調(diào)查顯示,提高學(xué)生外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的教學(xué)策略主要有十項(xiàng)。即:1)以身作則,樹(shù)立榜樣;2)創(chuàng)造輕松愜意的課堂語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境;3)正確說(shuō)明任務(wù);
4)與學(xué)生建立良好的關(guān)系;5)增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)信心;6)使課堂學(xué)習(xí)充滿樂(lè)趣;7)促進(jìn)學(xué)生語(yǔ)言自主學(xué)習(xí)能力;8)使語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)個(gè)性化;9)增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)意識(shí);10)讓學(xué)生熟悉目的語(yǔ)文化。他們認(rèn)為在教學(xué)過(guò)程中可以通過(guò)這些方式來(lái)激發(fā)和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)口語(yǔ)的動(dòng)機(jī),同時(shí)也是指導(dǎo)教師組織課堂教學(xué)的宏觀策略。但我們認(rèn)為在以學(xué)生為主體的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)中,除了以上十項(xiàng)策略以外,還可以從以下幾個(gè)方面來(lái)激活學(xué)生的口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī),發(fā)揮學(xué)生口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的積極性,提高英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)水平。1.改進(jìn)教學(xué)模式
(1)創(chuàng)建以學(xué)生為中心的主題交際模式
基于學(xué)生在知識(shí)、智力、情感、個(gè)性等方面的需求以及學(xué)生口語(yǔ)練習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)少的現(xiàn)象,在教學(xué)中我們必須改變傳統(tǒng)的以教師為中心的教學(xué)模式,創(chuàng)建以學(xué)生為中心的主題交際模式,如:pair work,roleplay,group discussion,presentation等,引導(dǎo)他們圍繞日常生活、所學(xué)專業(yè)、社會(huì)焦點(diǎn)等方面的主題進(jìn)行大量循序漸進(jìn)的交際活動(dòng),為學(xué)生提供開(kāi)口說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的機(jī)會(huì)。同時(shí)還可以通過(guò)角色扮演,創(chuàng)造模擬場(chǎng)景,讓學(xué)生身臨其境,掌握各種題材的語(yǔ)言功能(如:如何購(gòu)物、接送旅客、問(wèn)路、看病等)。這些場(chǎng)景不僅能使學(xué)生對(duì)所學(xué)的內(nèi)容記憶深刻,而且一旦在生活中處于類似的語(yǔ)境,學(xué)生就能從容面對(duì)。這樣的教學(xué)模式既能培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī),也能提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)水平。
(2)創(chuàng)建以學(xué)生為中心的多媒體網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)教學(xué)模式
多媒體網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)應(yīng)用于英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)中能以圖、文、聲、相并茂的形式將教學(xué)內(nèi)容呈現(xiàn)在學(xué)生面前,能使口語(yǔ)教學(xué)化靜為動(dòng),化抽象為具體,為教師提供豐富的教學(xué)內(nèi)容,為學(xué)生提供多樣化的學(xué)習(xí)方式,能形象地將口語(yǔ)操練置于身臨其境的情景中,能提高學(xué)生的口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)興趣,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī),調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生交流的主動(dòng)性,有利于英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)能力的培養(yǎng)。下面兩種教學(xué)模式值得一試。
一是多媒體網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)中的演示型教學(xué)模式。教師在備課時(shí),可以將學(xué)生在口語(yǔ)課上可能
會(huì)遇到的問(wèn)題與要討論的話題內(nèi)容以提綱或摘要的形式,通過(guò)PowerPoint or Authorware做成電子教案,把圖象、動(dòng)畫(huà)、語(yǔ)言、音樂(lè)等鏈接到演示文稿中,借助計(jì)算機(jī)把教案的內(nèi)容以動(dòng)態(tài)的形式清晰地呈現(xiàn)在學(xué)生面前。這樣對(duì)于他們表述的比較難的概念、行為或相關(guān)的背景知識(shí)能起到提示作用,能降低學(xué)生的焦慮心理,達(dá)到進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言操練的目的。
二是現(xiàn)實(shí)模擬型教學(xué)模式。語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐與一定的情景是分不開(kāi)的,通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)處理,創(chuàng)造仿真現(xiàn)實(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)情景和操作過(guò)程,讓學(xué)生在恍若現(xiàn)實(shí)的情景中通過(guò)人機(jī)對(duì)話與世界各地的學(xué)習(xí)者用英語(yǔ)交談。教學(xué)中還可以讓學(xué)生扮演各種不同的角色與不同類型的人物進(jìn)行交流,使他們獲得前所未有的語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐體驗(yàn)。由于現(xiàn)實(shí)模擬型教學(xué)的適用性和無(wú)結(jié)構(gòu)性,學(xué)生可以自己制定口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo),決定口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容和路徑,同時(shí)還可以為成績(jī)較差的學(xué)生提供寬松的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境,從而滿足不同的學(xué)習(xí)者的要求。
2.組織豐富多彩的課堂活動(dòng)和課外活動(dòng)
(1)形式多樣的課堂活動(dòng)
傳統(tǒng)的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)活動(dòng)主要是提問(wèn)、句型操練、朗讀、背誦等,教學(xué)中仍然是以教師為主、學(xué)生為輔的模式,往往一堂課下來(lái)老師說(shuō)得多,學(xué)生說(shuō)得少,忽視了口語(yǔ)的訓(xùn)練,造成了學(xué)生英語(yǔ)的“聾啞癥”。因此,口語(yǔ)課教學(xué)中,我們要根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容,學(xué)生的興趣,組織課堂發(fā)言、情景對(duì)話、角色扮演、看圖說(shuō)話、話題討論、主題辯論、講故事、編故事等各種各樣豐富多彩的課堂活動(dòng),創(chuàng)造性地運(yùn)用各種教學(xué)手段,盡可能地為學(xué)生提供口語(yǔ)練習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。如講故事和編故事就是兩種很好的課堂口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練方式。為了使每個(gè)學(xué)生都有開(kāi)口的機(jī)會(huì),講故事可以采用接力的形式,把全班分成幾排,由第一個(gè)同學(xué)開(kāi)始講一個(gè)故事或者讀一個(gè)故事,然后往后傳,到最后一個(gè)同學(xué)后,又由他傳給第一個(gè)同學(xué),這樣既能保證每個(gè)同學(xué)都有練習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì),又能讓學(xué)生相互聽(tīng)懂對(duì)方的話,真正達(dá)到語(yǔ)言操練的目的。編故事可以先把學(xué)生分成幾組,由某個(gè)同學(xué)開(kāi)個(gè)頭,如,Last Sunday,I wentto the zoo with my family……然后由同學(xué)們接著往下編故事,每個(gè)學(xué)生加一句他愿意說(shuō)的話,每個(gè)小組選一個(gè)學(xué)生作記錄并加以整理,最后每組派一個(gè)同學(xué)在全班陳述故事。盡管故事用了統(tǒng)一的開(kāi)頭,但各組編的故事內(nèi)容不同。結(jié)果不僅收到了令人滿意的效果,而且大大地激發(fā)了學(xué)生的口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)興趣并喚起其強(qiáng)烈的口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)。
(2)生動(dòng)活潑的課外活動(dòng)
要提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)水平僅僅靠課堂幾十分鐘的活動(dòng)是永遠(yuǎn)不夠的,語(yǔ)言的實(shí)踐是離不開(kāi)語(yǔ)境的。因此我們要拓寬口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練的思路和渠道,組織英語(yǔ)角,成立英語(yǔ)劇社、英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部,舉辦英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽、辯論賽,觀看英語(yǔ)原版錄相等課外活動(dòng),開(kāi)辟豐富多彩的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練第二課堂。如果條件許可的話,還可以組織學(xué)生表演簡(jiǎn)單的英語(yǔ)話劇或名劇片段,或者是直接參加一些涉外活動(dòng),如擔(dān)任口頭翻譯、接待外賓、觀摩涉外業(yè)務(wù)洽談等,讓學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)的口語(yǔ)知識(shí),去解決實(shí)際中的交際問(wèn)題。這樣既可以使學(xué)生了解到口語(yǔ)知識(shí)的意義和價(jià)值,也能滿足學(xué)生得到社會(huì)承認(rèn)的自我完善的需求,激發(fā)他們掌握更多知識(shí)、探索更深入的問(wèn)題的愿望以及更加努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的動(dòng)機(jī)。
總之,若以上這些活動(dòng)能切實(shí)注重內(nèi)容和深度,而不是流于形式與膚淺;能貫徹四個(gè)“最大限度”:讓學(xué)生直接參于課堂活動(dòng)的時(shí)間達(dá)到最大限度,讓學(xué)生直接參與課堂活動(dòng)的覆蓋面達(dá)到最大限度,讓學(xué)生的交際真實(shí)性達(dá)到最大限度,讓學(xué)生相互學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)達(dá)到最大限度,定能有效地調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)自主訓(xùn)練的能動(dòng)性與創(chuàng)造性,激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī),大大提高其語(yǔ)言的理解能力和輸出能力,迅速提高英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)水平。
第二篇:大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)
爸爸:回來(lái)了,湯姆。湯姆:是的,爸爸。
爸爸:嗯?手里拿的什么東西? 湯姆:(藏)沒(méi),沒(méi)什么。
爸爸:拿過(guò)來(lái),湯姆。哦,考試試卷。什么!二十分!我的天!我真不敢相信自己的眼睛!
湯姆:哦,對(duì)不起,爸爸,你聽(tīng)我說(shuō)。。爸爸:(打斷)過(guò)來(lái),湯姆。我發(fā)現(xiàn)你近來(lái)成績(jī)直線下滑啊,什么原因?可不可以給我解釋一下。
湯姆:呃~~,對(duì)不起,爸爸,我已經(jīng)很努力了。
爸爸:什么?努力?很努力你會(huì)從第一名成為倒數(shù)第一!今天我還被班主任叫去單獨(dú)談話!
湯姆:對(duì)不起,爸爸。
爸爸:湯姆,我的兒子,告訴我出了什么情況。湯姆:真沒(méi)什么,爸爸,請(qǐng)相信我!爸爸:相信你?說(shuō),是不是談戀愛(ài)了!
湯姆:什么?談戀愛(ài)?哦,不,不,爸爸,沒(méi)有。
爸爸:沒(méi)有?你以為你爸爸是傻子嗎?(生氣的甩出一本日記)。你看看你寫(xiě)的什么?。〒Q語(yǔ)氣讀)“哦。我的心肝,我的寶貝。?!薄昂孟肽惆。矣H愛(ài)的。?!?湯姆:不,爸爸,你拿我的日記!你偷看我的隱私!
爸爸:隱私??jī)鹤?,我是你爸爸,你能有什么隱私!況且,我是關(guān)心你,怕你出事才看的。湯姆,“她”是誰(shuí)?為什么要談戀愛(ài)!
湯姆:爸爸,我都長(zhǎng)大了。我能處理好自己的事情,請(qǐng)不要干涉我的私生活!爸爸:長(zhǎng)大了?有能力?你有什么能力!你有錢(qián)嗎?你有工作嗎?湯姆,你要明白,你現(xiàn)在還是一個(gè)高中生,最重要的任務(wù)是學(xué)習(xí)!不是什么“寶貝”“親愛(ài)的”!
湯姆:爸爸,我說(shuō)過(guò)了。我會(huì)處理好的!
爸爸:湯姆,想當(dāng)年,我還是你這么大的時(shí)候。因?yàn)榧依锔F,上不起學(xué),早就出去工作了。你倒好,不專心學(xué)習(xí),還談什么所謂的感情!湯姆。。湯姆:(打斷)停,停,停,不要再談你那老掉牙的話題了,我聽(tīng)得耳朵都長(zhǎng)繭子了!
爸爸:湯姆,你要知道。。
湯姆:哦,爸爸,我知道,我知道。爸爸。我都不是小孩子了,請(qǐng)給我自由,讓我自己處理自己的事情?,F(xiàn)在都是21世紀(jì)了,不要再拿你們那土的掉渣的思想來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)我們“90后”。
爸爸:什么?湯姆?你是說(shuō),我落伍了?
湯姆:是的,爸爸?,F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不是二三十年前了,戀愛(ài)已不是大人的權(quán)力,我們有談戀愛(ài)的自由!我跟她在一起我會(huì)感覺(jué)到前所未有的幸福與快樂(lè),我發(fā)現(xiàn)她就是我心中的另一半,我愿意為她放棄一切,她就是我的全部!爸爸:哦,哦,我的天,湯姆,你聽(tīng)聽(tīng)你都說(shuō)了些什么!湯姆:爸爸,跟她在一起。。爸爸:(打斷)停,湯姆!我告訴你,你現(xiàn)在唯一的任務(wù)就是學(xué)習(xí)!
湯姆:學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)習(xí),你眼里就只有學(xué)習(xí)!爸爸。你永遠(yuǎn)都是那么老套,你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)懂我們“90后”!
爸爸:無(wú)論如何,你必須馬上跟她分手!
湯姆:這不可能,爸爸!她是我的全部!沒(méi)有她我會(huì)死的!爸爸你簡(jiǎn)直不可理喻!爸爸:我不可理喻?你,你給我滾!湯姆:走就走!我受夠了!爸爸:走了就永遠(yuǎn)別再回來(lái)!湯姆:我受夠了?。ㄏ屡_(tái))爸爸:(拍講桌)一個(gè)不孝的兒子!Dad: Back, Tom.Tom: Yes, Dad.Dad: ah? What’s in your hand? Tom:(Tibetan)No, no.Dad: come over, Tom.Oh, the examination papers.What!Twenty points!My God!I can not believe my eyes!Tom: Oh, I'm sorry, Dad, you listen to me...Dad:(interrupting)over, Tom.I found your recent performance plummeted , what reason?Can you explain to me.Tom: uh ~ ~, I'm sorry, Dad, I've been very hard.Dad: What? Efforts? Work hard you will from the first became the first last!Tom: I'm sorry, Dad.Dad: Tom, my son, tell me what the situation.Tom: nothing really, my Dad, believe me!Dad: believe you? Say, is it right? Fall in love!Tom: What? Fall in love ?Oh, no, no, Dad, no.Dad: No? Do you think your Dad is a fool?(Angry, throw a diary).You see what you write!(Read for tone)“Oh, my darling, my darling。?!薄癐 miss you, my dear...” Tom: No, Dad, you take my diary!You peep my privacy!Dad: privacy? Son, I am your Dad, you can have a little privacy.Moreover, I care about you, afraid you just see the accident.Tom, who is“ she”? Why to fall in love!Tom: Dad, I have grown up.I can handle my own affairs, please do not interfere with my private life!Dad: grow up? Capable? What you are capable of!Do you have money? Have you got a job? Tom, you know, you are still a high school student, the most important task is to learn!Not “Baby,” “dear”!Tom: Dad, I said.I will deal well!Dad: Tom, I remember when I was your age when.Tom, I remember when I
was your age, Because the home be poor, can not afford to go to school, had
to go out to work.,And you ,do not concentrate on their studies, but also talk about the so-called feelings!Tom...Tom:(interrupting)Stop, stop, stop, do not talk about your topic that old-fashioned, and I have long ears hear a cocoon!Dad: Tom, you know...Tom: Oh, Dad, I know, I know.Dad.I am not a child, please give me the
freedom to deal with my own things.Are now in the 21st century, do not let's use your idea that the dregs of the earth to judge us “90.” Dad: What? Tom? You mean, I behind the times? Tom: Yes, Dad.Now is not the twenty or thirty years ago, and the power of love is not the adults, we have the love of freedom!I am with her I will never feel the happiness and joy, I found that she is the other half of my heart, I am willing to give up everything for her, she is my all!Dad: Oh, oh, my God, Tom, you listen to what you say!Tom: my Dad, with her...Dad:(interrupting)Stop, Tom!I tell you, you are now the only task is to study!Tom: Study, study, you can only study!Dad.You are always so old-fashioned, you will never understand us “90”!Dad: In any case, you must immediately break up with her!Tom: It can not, Dad!She is my all!Without her I would die!Dad you are absolutely ridiculous!Dad: I ridiculous? You, you go away!Tom: stay away!I can not stand you!Dad: gone will never come back!Tom: I can not stand you!(Step down)Dad:(beat lectern)what an unfilial son!
第三篇:大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)演講稿
大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)演講稿
大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)演講稿1
am when I put on this ZARA dress, I found its label writes this: “Designed in Spain. Made in Vietnam.” And it is now available all over the Chinese market. ZARA is the fastest among various fashion brands. With advantages generated by globalization, from raw material to labor, from warehouse to shipping, it takes only 12 to 15 days for ZARA to turn a design on sketch paper to clothes on shelves. Globalization has eliminated numerous barriers and made the world flat ever since it gained momentum in the 1990s.
But recently it seems to be rolled back by someone like Donald Trump in US and Marine Le Pen in France. Public opinions are being misled by their claim that recoiling from globalization seems to be the panacea to the two most urgent problems troubling many people in the west—employment and refugees. But can we buy the story? Withdrawing from TPP seems to be an act that can move factories back from third world countries so that new jobs can be created and therefore unemployment rate reduced. However, the cost of the products would also be raised since the labor at home and the transport of raw materials are more expensive, which causes greater pressure on all the families in terms of household expenditure.
People may manage to get new jobs but the living standard does not improve. And this is the story that anti-globalization politicians would never tell to the voters. In addition to the concern of employment, the influx of refugees also touches a highly sensitive nerve. Rejecting asylum seekers may promote domestic security in the short run, but it tramples what’s equally important--humanitarianism and responsibilities. Refugees such as those from Syria are not born refugees; they are made refugees by the Wars that shattered their homes and countries. The real solution therefore is not isolation but globalization because globalization promotes interdependence among nations whereby conflicts and wars are more likely to be prevented.
Yes, there are defects in globalization, such as environmental deterioration, polarization between the rich and the poor, and exploitation of workers, to name just a few. But what we need to do is not putting an end to it but putting it right. As the second largest economy of the world, China should hold a lead. We should promote global governance fight against contamination. We should strike a balance between efficiency and equity so that different countries, different social classes and different groups of people can all enjoy the benefits of globalization. Globalization has just stepped into its twenties, pretty much like us young adults. Every twenty something is so energetic, striding to achieve more and surely deserving a second chance to pull back from the deviation. As we consumers are enjoying benefits and convenience brought by ZARA and other international brands, we see clearer that the question now is not whether to accept or reject globalization but how to make it fairer, cleaner and a win-win for all.
大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)演講稿2
the president did know that it was republican money, that it was money from the committee for the re-election of the president, which was found in the possession of one of the burglars arrested on june the 17th. what the president did know on the 23rd of june was the prior activities of e. howard hunt, which included his participation in the break-in of daniel ellsberg's psychiatrist, which included howard hunt's participation in the dita beard itt affair, which included howard hunt's fabrication of cables designed to discredit the kennedy administration.
we were further cautioned today that perhaps these proceedings ought to be delayed because certainly there would be new evidence forthcoming from the president of the united states. there has not even been an obfuscated indication that this committee would receive any additional materials from the president.
the committee subpoena is outstanding, and if the president wants to supply that material, the committee sits here. the fact is that on yesterday, the american people waited with great anxiety for eight hours, not knowing whether their president would obey an order of the supreme court of the united states. at this point, i would like to juxtapose a few of the impeachment criteria with some of the actions the president has engaged in. impeachment criteria: james madison, from the virginia ratification convention. “if the president be connected in any suspicious manner with any person and there be grounds to believe that he will shelter him, he may be impeached.”
大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)演講稿3
dear students, our way of life is always sunny, blue skies, which in the end the most dazzling ray of sunlight? it was said to be excellent academic performance, it was said to be given to help others ... ... and i think that our way of life of the most brilliant sunshine should be reported to belong to the temple map, help us to grow thanks to everyone. yes, the institute of thanksgiving is a feeling, the institute of thanksgiving, but also a character. as teachers and our students, the most important gratitude is a school.
schools to give us a big growth stage of life: bright and spacious classrooms, new desks and chairs, air-conditioned and well-being, as well as multi-media facilities, has provided us with an attractive learning environment. read one book bright and clean rooms, provides us with knowledge of the marine tour; flat beautiful big playground, provided us with a good place for the exercise, and pottery room, computer room, dance room, multi-purpose hall, and so on, no school is not out of devotion to our selfless love! however, in these beautiful places, often with some notes of discord.
read books in one room, some students read the book, abandonment, i do not know the original release, there is more tear, using the phenomenon of the book; when the red and green and white artificial big playground to open it selfless embrace, and some of the scenes of discord hurt our eyes: a wide range of confetti, colorful tang zhi, and scattered in all corners of the shell seeds, chewing gum, etc. the list goes on of these! students, please put your hand on his chest ask ourselves: "i do a thanksgiving school? students, let us now work together, with their good health habits to school thanksgiving, thanksgiving, so that the flowers on campus and open more beautiful.
大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)演講稿4
Good morning, my dear teachers and friends! My name is Li Bingke, from class four O five. Today, I am very happy to be here. My topic is “Our School”.
My dear friends, welcome to our school! My school is very beautiful! It has a big playground. We can play and do some sports there. Near the playground, there is a garden. Many trees and flowers are there. So the air is very clean and we can hear birds singing in the trees. It is so wonderful.
Our teaching buildings are around the garden and look like our teachers’ arms to welcome us. We can draw pictures in the art room on the first floor and read story-books in the library on the second floor. My classroom is on the third floor. It is clean and bright. We like to study in it. The computer room is on the fifth floor.
We can sing and dance in the music room on the sixth floor. What a lot of fun! We can have lunch in the canteen near Defang Teaching Building. In our school, our teachers work hard and help us with our lessons. We study hard and listen to teachers carefully. After class, our teachers play with us and we feel very happy. Our school is so nice and our teachers are so kind. We all love them. Dear friends, do you like them? That's all. Thanks!
第四篇:大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)演講稿
篇一:大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)比賽演講稿(絕對(duì)地道)overpopulation is my top concern hello, honorable judges and deal schoolmates.today my topic is “overpopulation is my top concern”.we may have deeply felt the inconvenience and diminished quality of life that overpopulation brings about.overburdened public transportation especially on holidays is challenging our endurance,sky-rocketing housing price discourages us purchasers,people in a few developing countries suffer from starvation and malnutrition.these hot issues have drawn my attention and raised the idea of overpopulation to my top concern.human is now beginning to overpopulate the earth and the expansion trend won’t be easily slowed down.therefore many environmental problems arise,including rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide,global warming and pollution like air pollution,water pollution, soil contamination and noise pollution.other side effects also emerge in succession.for example, wars over resources and land increase;masses of species extinct;food ,water and fossil fuels are running short;unemployment and crime rates rise dramatically and so on.generally speaking, overpopulation can result from increased birth rates, together with a decline in mortality rates due to medical advancements.furthermore, increases in life expectancy and resource availability also contribute to the rising population.in consequence, humans outgrow their available resources and the basic life would be stressful in turn.so what joint efforts can we make faced with the situation? on one hand, birth control, like one-child policy which china has strictly implemented, would help to control and reduce population gradually.on the other hand, programs such as family planning education and putting women in workforce should be announced worldwide which i think will help avoid some unintended pregnancies.moreover, humans are expected to build space habitats in the foreseeable future thanks to further space exploration.that’s all, thank you!09治本一 091210301 張成一篇二:英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)演講稿
ladies and gentlemen , good afternoon!i’m very glad to stand here and give you a short speech.today my topic is “l(fā)ife”.i hope you will like it , how to say future? maybe its a nice wish.lets make up our minds, stick to it and surely well enjoy our life.先生們女士們,大家下午好!我非常榮幸站在這里為你們帶來(lái)一段小小的演講,我今天所要講的主題是“生命”,我希望你們喜歡。
人們的生活正在逐步的改善著。實(shí)際上,我站在這里就正在成長(zhǎng)。如果一個(gè)人的生命必須面對(duì)許多各種各樣的選擇,那么,我會(huì)一邊選擇,一邊成長(zhǎng)。曾經(jīng)我希望我能在將來(lái)在大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí),不管怎么樣,我考過(guò)了,如你所見(jiàn)到的,我現(xiàn)在正站在這夢(mèng)寐以求的大學(xué)里,可是現(xiàn)在,我更渴望知道我的未來(lái)會(huì)有什么等著我。
當(dāng)我來(lái)到這所學(xué)校的時(shí)候,我告訴我自己。我的將來(lái)就從這里開(kāi)始,接下來(lái),我要學(xué)著去成為一個(gè)男人,一個(gè)真正的男人,并有一個(gè)健康的身體。能夠勝任重任,能有獨(dú)到的見(jiàn)解,能見(jiàn)識(shí)廣泛,能思想深邃,能判斷出對(duì)的和錯(cuò)的,能工作的非常出色。我的老師曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò):“你不是普通的,你是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。永遠(yuǎn)不要忘記你所能展示給人們是你的思想,不是你的技術(shù)。”我將把我的人格和我的興趣以及我的能力帶到我的學(xué)習(xí)中去,在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,我將注重實(shí)踐和理論的結(jié)合。如果我能實(shí)現(xiàn)我的這個(gè)夢(mèng)想,我想,我那時(shí)就真正的長(zhǎng)大了,那時(shí)我相信我的親情,友情,愛(ài)情將會(huì)變的十分完美,十分幸福。你對(duì)你的將來(lái)怎么看呢?可能那會(huì)是一個(gè)很美好的愿望。讓我們堅(jiān)定我們的目標(biāo),為之努力,并真正的享受我們的生命.篇三:大學(xué)英語(yǔ)演講稿--我的大學(xué)生活 英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)演講my college,my life college life is colorful, but also need us to grasp and deep experience.someone said: ordinary college students have the same ordinary, but not the ordinary university but has its own brilliant.but, you can choose to ordinary, but not can choose mediocrity;if you cant believe that ordinary.so, how can we make our own university life worthwhile meaningful, how to advocate their university life? i just talk about personal time view.first is to establish goals and plans, farther gaze.the ancients have volunteers, save lofty when mao zedong also has custom long appropriate looking quantity.no goal will not have the efforts to advance direction, and with no power at all.project goals, can divide again for immediate and long-term.such as the recent i will read as many books as this month i should know what knowledge, holiday what practice plan to wait.for the long-term such as: before graduation of diploma, get relationships should be much, how should practice ability to the degree, etc.moreover, the realization of the goal is a little wrath coherent process meter to realize.if one day, to remember five words can be written to many test.but, this requires persistence and perseverance.second, is to put far vision, it is to point to not be temporary mood and mood that what will be done to drag, addiction, it must be great business event grasps, small relax.such as online gaming, dont be such by the goal of satisfying some have been addicted, what does not know, temporarily meet the bigger behind the emptiness.believe we all have this experience. the first three is to establish employment crisis.we always blame myself himself is not strong, control force without aspirant power.what does not know is own consciousness not awake.someone will say: love is study power or disadvantaged study power, etc.actually, from direct sense, employment crisis is also should be our progress power.i often think of yourself after graduation actually do? the diploma, just college;relations, believe in sit nothing most of the relationship.so, we the only way out is to have what ability.and this, then ask yourself: what you learned, you master? the problem now is not what we do not know to learn, but we dont want to learn.fourth, is to learn knowledge and capacity development simultaneously.before is heavy knowledge and light ability, but its different now, just contrary, because social influence, diploma requirements of decline, so now properly many college students run outside looking for part-time job.if they are not affect the premise of learning, that didnt go as saying, instead should advocate.but some of them not, for a side dish, the waiter work at leave cleans, nor the arching over star.i side with this phenomenon.now, there was such a dislocation thought, is that the authorities enterprise staff on-the-job, are using spare time charging, and the college students in school but run into social part-time.i think this should be rectified the zeitgeist, position.well, my speech today is so far.finally, the only one: way streched endless ahead,we will from head to foot.yes, gave i, too, and everybody said.
第五篇:初中英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀分析
英語(yǔ)科教學(xué)論文
初中英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀分析
以及解決策略
南海區(qū)大瀝鎮(zhèn)黃岐初級(jí)中學(xué)
許秀芳 初中英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀分析以及解決策略
摘 要
05年佛山市初中英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)考試工作在3月中旬結(jié)束,我們欣喜的看到學(xué)生的整體口語(yǔ)水平和語(yǔ)感有了明顯的提高,欣賞到不少學(xué)生純正、流利的口語(yǔ)和充滿感情的朗讀。但是我們也不得不承認(rèn)還有一大部分的學(xué)生朗讀時(shí)在語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)、意群等方面把握不好,信息點(diǎn)采集不夠準(zhǔn)確,甚至還出現(xiàn)濫竽充數(shù)等讓人哭笑不得的事實(shí)。這反映了在我們的教學(xué)過(guò)程中,對(duì)學(xué)生口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練方面的缺乏與輕視,重筆頭不重口語(yǔ),造成了學(xué)生普遍存在口語(yǔ)能力水平參差不齊結(jié)果。本文主要通過(guò)教與學(xué)的過(guò)程中存在的一些問(wèn)題,探索初中英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練的方法與策略。關(guān)鍵詞 初中英語(yǔ) 口語(yǔ)現(xiàn)狀 訓(xùn)練策略 正 文
一、存在問(wèn)題分析:
(一)教學(xué)方面
“學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)應(yīng)該從娃娃抓起”!近幾年來(lái),較發(fā)達(dá)城市的小學(xué)
都開(kāi)設(shè)了英語(yǔ)課程,在游戲中學(xué)、在活動(dòng)中學(xué),以聽(tīng)說(shuō)為主的教學(xué)模式下,培養(yǎng)了一大批“英語(yǔ)小天才”,他們純正流利的口語(yǔ),惟妙惟肖的英語(yǔ)表演,都為他們?nèi)蘸蟮挠⒄Z(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)奠下了很好的基礎(chǔ)。可由于沒(méi)有明確的語(yǔ)音教學(xué)要求,學(xué)生只能靠教師的課堂教學(xué)或教材錄音來(lái)強(qiáng)硬的記憶單詞發(fā)音。大多時(shí)候英語(yǔ)教師的水平?jīng)Q定了學(xué)生英語(yǔ)的水平,教師自覺(jué)提高本身的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)水平是關(guān)鍵。學(xué)生沒(méi)有掌握語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)所應(yīng)具備的基本工具——英語(yǔ)國(guó)際音標(biāo),有的也多為個(gè)別教師的實(shí)踐操作而已。上了初中以后,升學(xué)任務(wù)重,語(yǔ)法講授和知識(shí)點(diǎn)的講解成為主干,拼命趕課時(shí)、埋在題海的情況是眾所周知的。師生放在口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練的時(shí)間確實(shí)少之又少。個(gè)別學(xué)校行同虛設(shè)的早讀也因沒(méi)有具體的朗讀任務(wù)和朗讀要求導(dǎo)致學(xué)生應(yīng)付式為多,語(yǔ)調(diào)平淡拖拉、唱讀情況十分普遍。語(yǔ)音教學(xué)錯(cuò)過(guò)幾道良機(jī)!
(二)學(xué)生方面
應(yīng)試教育也直接影響到學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的認(rèn)識(shí),長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)的“老師講,學(xué)生聽(tīng)”導(dǎo)致的“啞巴英語(yǔ)”現(xiàn)象使學(xué)生口語(yǔ)水平分化十分嚴(yán)重。下面就以05年佛山口語(yǔ)考試的某一篇短文為例,談?wù)勀壳皩W(xué)生英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)方面存在問(wèn)題:
1、短文開(kāi)篇出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)讓英語(yǔ)教師比較尷尬的情況,United States在學(xué)生口里變成了Unit Satellite, Unit star等等,在所評(píng)的170份錄音答卷中,朗讀正確的學(xué)生人數(shù)竟不到10%?;叵朐颍膊荒苋菍W(xué)生的責(zé)任。在初中教材中通常以the USA出現(xiàn),television以TV出現(xiàn),還有一些詞如desert, Hopi, raise, local(生詞),modern, main, telephone, houses, horses, trucks…都是學(xué)生比較薄弱的。因此學(xué)生朗讀起來(lái)出現(xiàn)斷句,反復(fù)的現(xiàn)象,整體感覺(jué)不理想,扣分嚴(yán)重。
2、大多數(shù)考生朗讀時(shí)的語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)、意群等方面把握不好,也反映了我們?cè)诮虒W(xué)過(guò)程中對(duì)學(xué)生口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練方面的缺乏與不重視。學(xué)生詞匯不過(guò)關(guān),基礎(chǔ)薄弱,學(xué)生憑印象記單詞,知道中文意思卻讀不準(zhǔn),語(yǔ)調(diào)平淡,唱讀等情況較為嚴(yán)重。他們到了9年級(jí),要口語(yǔ)考試了,才來(lái)惡補(bǔ)什么是語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)和重音,怎樣分好意群,造成惡性循環(huán),最后以無(wú)力回春,失敗告終。
3、考生心理素質(zhì)還需要進(jìn)一步的輔導(dǎo)。由于考試臨場(chǎng)緊張,主要表現(xiàn)在優(yōu)秀學(xué)生朗讀時(shí)太快或太慢。有的太小聲,murmur的感覺(jué)多一點(diǎn)。遇到不熟悉的材料時(shí)緊張,朗讀不完整、反復(fù)、讀錯(cuò)單詞等現(xiàn)象。
二、解決策略
(一)各年級(jí)階段性落實(shí)各項(xiàng)語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐目標(biāo):把口語(yǔ)的訓(xùn)練重點(diǎn) 放在初
一、初二,分階段完成。
七年級(jí):在國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)課程的規(guī)定下增加口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練課,落實(shí)語(yǔ)音基礎(chǔ)與單詞拼寫(xiě)之間的相互聯(lián)系,落實(shí)學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)、意群劃分等基本技能。以國(guó)際音標(biāo)過(guò)關(guān)為主,教會(huì)學(xué)生利用拼讀規(guī)則記憶單詞,能準(zhǔn)確地拼讀出單詞,能劃分意群,有感情地朗讀和表演對(duì)話、小短文,逐步養(yǎng)成良好的朗讀習(xí)慣和敢于表達(dá)的交際技能;
八年級(jí):強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)在英語(yǔ)中作用,走入情景,體會(huì)內(nèi)涵把握篇章的重點(diǎn)。以篇章的朗讀為主配以上機(jī)的實(shí)踐操作。增加閱讀訓(xùn)練課重點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練回答問(wèn)題部分的信息點(diǎn)收集專練。
九年級(jí):查漏補(bǔ)缺,布臵錄音做好個(gè)別輔導(dǎo),讓學(xué)生把握朗讀技巧的前提下,抓朗讀整體效果,增加寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練課,注重口語(yǔ)表達(dá),簡(jiǎn)化口語(yǔ)考試壓力。
(二)把握科學(xué)的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練方法
1、口語(yǔ)基本知識(shí):
a)口語(yǔ)基本要素:語(yǔ)音包括語(yǔ)調(diào)、語(yǔ)氣、音量、音長(zhǎng)等。由于說(shuō) 話人的語(yǔ)氣不同和情景不同,意思可以是完全相反。例如:The door is open.試一試你能表達(dá)出來(lái)這意境嗎?外面刮大風(fēng),你很冷;你的鑰匙遺留在家里,你卻發(fā)現(xiàn)……;小偷進(jìn)屋偷竊,來(lái)到門(mén)前發(fā)現(xiàn)……;昨天你值日,忘記關(guān)門(mén),今天一上學(xué),老師就批評(píng)……等等。
b)口語(yǔ)表達(dá)的基本要求:清晰、流暢、響亮和情景化。書(shū)面語(yǔ)停 頓的是標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),口語(yǔ)靠的是情感的處理和語(yǔ)氣變化,即詞與詞(組)之間、句子與句子之間的間歇的時(shí)間來(lái)表現(xiàn)。
c)口語(yǔ)的綜合性:系統(tǒng)的綜合,注意語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)感情等的綜合考慮 如果語(yǔ)調(diào)沒(méi)有變化,那么語(yǔ)言是枯燥的,如果沒(méi)有加臉部表情或身體語(yǔ)言,語(yǔ)言是不生動(dòng)的。聽(tīng)者可以通過(guò)朗讀者說(shuō)話者來(lái)感受文章的內(nèi)容和對(duì)短文的理解。
(三)利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境,提供虛擬或真實(shí)的語(yǔ)言訓(xùn)練空間
對(duì)口語(yǔ)的能力的培養(yǎng),離不開(kāi)環(huán)境。計(jì)算機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)和發(fā)展,為學(xué)生提供了更為廣闊而真實(shí)的空間。以網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)和多媒體技術(shù)為核心的信息技術(shù)為學(xué)科教學(xué)注入了無(wú)限生機(jī)與活力,和過(guò)去相比,學(xué)習(xí)者可獲得的教學(xué)資源大大增加了,計(jì)算機(jī)輔助語(yǔ)言教學(xué)(Computer Assisted Language Learning簡(jiǎn)稱CALL)是外語(yǔ)教學(xué)發(fā)展的新趨勢(shì)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔助語(yǔ)言教學(xué)(Web Assisted Language Learning 簡(jiǎn)稱WALL)(祝智庭,2001)已經(jīng)興起。教師可以通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)為學(xué)生提供豐富的學(xué)習(xí)資源,將大量的信息以多媒體形式如文本、圖片、聲音、視頻等呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生;教師可以通過(guò)制作內(nèi)容豐富、形式多樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程為學(xué)生提供學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境;在外語(yǔ)教學(xué)信息化的發(fā)展進(jìn)程中,CALL和WALL必然會(huì)使初中英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教學(xué)產(chǎn)生重大變革。隨著學(xué)習(xí)資源的迅速膨脹,有效地利用信息技術(shù)來(lái)獲取信息資源已經(jīng)成為新型口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)模式的重要特征。
(四)學(xué)生的自我提高口語(yǔ)的意識(shí)和途徑
仔細(xì)研究和分析口語(yǔ)比較好的學(xué)生,我們可以看出“對(duì)英語(yǔ)很感興趣”、“經(jīng)常聽(tīng)有關(guān)的英語(yǔ)錄音、英文歌曲”、“喜歡看英文報(bào)刊、書(shū)籍、影像”等都是他們的共性所在。因此除了教師的正確引導(dǎo)和輔導(dǎo)之外,學(xué)生的自主學(xué)習(xí)也是提高英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵所在。結(jié)束語(yǔ)
考試就像一支指揮棒,它帶動(dòng)著整個(gè)教學(xué)第一線的動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展。英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)考試的實(shí)施,對(duì)學(xué)生的聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)的要求更加全面,作為第一線的初中英語(yǔ)教師,任重而道遠(yuǎn)。如何在初中階段落實(shí)對(duì)學(xué)生語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)能力的培養(yǎng),特別是口語(yǔ)方面的能力已刻不容緩。它讓我們更深刻地認(rèn)識(shí)到循序漸進(jìn),分階段落實(shí)學(xué)生語(yǔ)言能力培養(yǎng)的重要性。讓我們?cè)诮虒W(xué)第一線中不斷地總結(jié),尋求一種符合語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)特點(diǎn),為培養(yǎng)新型的口語(yǔ)運(yùn)用能力強(qiáng)的新一代中學(xué)生而努力。
參考文獻(xiàn):
1、學(xué)習(xí)資源網(wǎng)《口語(yǔ)與演講技巧一、二、三》
2、朱純《外語(yǔ)教育心理學(xué)》,上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社,1994
3、《英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》教育部基礎(chǔ)教組織編寫(xiě)(實(shí)驗(yàn)稿),北京師范大學(xué)出版社,2002年