第一篇：2013年內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)食品專業(yè)考博生化題

2013年內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)食品專業(yè)考博生化題

記憶版，把大體的題干列出來了。

1.乳糖操縱子和色氨酸基因表達(dá)的異同。

2.真核生物蛋白質(zhì)翻譯后加工過程和生物學(xué)意義。

簡(jiǎn)答題：

1體內(nèi)兩種ATP的生成2大腸桿菌3中DNA聚合酶的特點(diǎn)及作用

3酮體的合成和利用代謝

4磷酸戊糖途徑在脂肪組織和肝臟組織比較活躍的原因 5糖原、蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪的合成原料活化形式 6蛋白組學(xué)的實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)和作用。

第二篇：考博英語(yǔ)詞匯題

詞匯題匯總（練習(xí)）A scientific law is liable at any time to need modifying.This happens when fact is discovered which seems to_____ what the law would lead one to expect.A.prove B.support C.contradict D.discourage 2 The scientific and medical prizes have proved to be the least______, while those for literature and peace by their very nature have been the most exposed to critical differences.A.radical B.prominent C.confidential D.controversial 3 After several nuclear disasters, a ______ has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.A.quarrel B.suspicion C.verdict D.controversy 4 Our interests seem to ______ at this point.A.constrain B.condense C.conduct D.converge 5 Rescue teams from all over the world ______ on the earthquake-stricken area after the news s-pread that the quake, which measured 7.9 on the Richter scale, had claimed a toll of 15000 lives.A.diversified B.disseminated C.converged D.accelerated 6 The ______ of electrical energy into thermal energy is a process that is easily carried out at 100% efficiency.A.conversion B.convention C.conversation D.version 7 Without Bob’s testimony, evidence of bribery is lacking and ______ in the case will be impossible.A.verdict B.sentence C.conviction D.acquittal 8 The two countries have developed a ______ relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade.A.managerial B.lethal C.metric D.cordial 9 Chemistry is closely______ with other studies: physics, biology and so on.A.corresponded B.concerned C.correlated D.cooperated 10 It is not enough to observe behaviors and _____ them with physiological events that occur at the same time.A.correlate B.comply C.correspond D.pertain 11 Being the manager of a large corporation, he has a great deal of ______ to deal with every day.A.correspondents B.correspondence C.incidence D.dependence 12 Since its inception, Pakistan has strived desperately to ______India, cultivating ties with any state willing to help it.A.counteract B.counterfeited C.counterchange D.counterbalance 13 A briefcase full of counterfeit money was found on the counter.A.forged B.currency C.substituted D.cash 14 He displayed a complete lack of courtesy and tact in dealing with his employer.A.tenacity B.curiosity C.civility D.hostility 15 What is missing from TV news_______ would fill a book.A.coverage B.dissemination C.declaration D.consultation 16 The none of students in the class likes the mistress, who is used to being_____ of everything they do.A.emotional B.optimistic C.interested D.critical 17 The ______ question in this case is whether the accused had a motive for this crime or not.A.crucial B.forcible C.supreme D.valuable 18 In a divorce, the mother usually is granted______ of her children.A.support B.retention C.perseverance D.custody 19 Any person who is in ______ while awaiting trial is considered innocent until he has been declared guilty.A.jeopardy B.custody C.suspicion D.probation 20 The jurors came to a deadlock in the defendant’s trial for murder.A.a decision of guilty B.a decision to punish by electrocution C.an impasse D.an unusual verdict 21 The source, who spoke on condition of anonymity, ______ to discuss the implication of that conclusion.A.receded B.implied C.complied D.declined 22 Because of a recent obstacle in production, sales have dropped and accordingly profits have______.A.declined B.increased C.broken D.maintained 23 If somebody is _____, he is given a medal or other honor as an official reward for what he has done.A.confirmed B.decorated C.appreciated D.nominated 24 He won by______ because his opponent refused to play.A.defect B.default C.deficit D.refusal 25 The ____now seems to stand as the primary to a new era of strong economic growth.A.defect B.descent C.deficit D.defeat 26 It was their______ decision to leave their country, and as a result, they lost their citizenship.A.compulsory B.deliberate C.carefree D.modest 27 A ______ plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities.A.deliberate B.disincentive C.functional D.fantastic 28 The supply of apples exceeds the _____ this year.A.request B.claim C.requirement D.demand 29 “Do you like your boss?” “No, he is too_______.”

A.in demand B.demande C.on demand D.demanding 30 I can’t understand how he can feel that his colleagues are always ready to denounce him.A.compliment B.criticize C.flatter D.challenge 31 Because of the bombing that killed six people, Washington has been urging the spokesman to______ terrorism more severely.A.charge B.censor C.blame D.denounce 32 The degree of downward slope of a beach depends o its composition of deposits as well as on the action of waves across its surface.A.sentiment B.sediment C.semester D.segment 33 Nobody at work is very happy, because last week’s sales figures were pretty _____.A.destroying B.depressing C.deceasing D.declining 34 I want to talk about all these points in_____ order of importance.A.declining

B.descending

C.plunging

D.falling

Sometimes a dictionary designates a noun as attributive, which means that it can be used to describe another noun or name its attributes.A.conveys

B.defines

C.indicates

D.explains

If you call the 911 emergency number, they will______ firemen, policemen, and paramedics immediately.A.assign

B.detach

C.attach

D.dispatch 37 The bus moved slowly in the thick fog.We arrived at our______ almost two hours later.A.designation

B.destiny

C.destination

D.dignity

He was ______ to take over the duties and responsibilities of his father from an early age.A.deduced

B.damped

C.diminished

D.destined

My grandmother has been ill for two months, so her health has______.A.deteriorated

B.diminished

C.dwindled

D.lessened

Smuggling is a ______ activity which might bring destruction to our economy;therefore, it must be banned.A.pertinent

B.fruitful

C.detrimental

D.casual

The Coriolis force causes all moving projectiles on Earth to be _____ from a straight line.A.distracted

B.deviated

C.intrigued

D.permeated 42 In ancient Egyptian paintings, royal figures were differentiated by making them several times larger than others.A.distinguished

B.estranged

C.deferred

D.enlarged

The ______ of the occasion was spoiled when she fell down the steps.A.privacy

B.dignity

C.morality

D.secrecy 44 Even if I won a million-dollar lottery, I would continue to live_____.A.subtly B.frugally C.explicitly D.cautiously 45 His wife says that he was more frugal in his youth than later years.A.listless B.robust C.thrifty D.gullible 46 To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must______ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.A.improve B.enhance C.guarantee D.gear 47 Desperation, hunger, thirst, and resentment all make it more likely that people will______ a more powerful figure who promised them help and/or salvation.A.be prone to B.give in to C.live up to D.put an end to 48 She ______ at the thought of being parted from her family for so long.A.suffered B.grieved C.discriminate D.scared 49 It______ me to see him in such a bad health.He was such an energetic and strong young man only several months ago.A.depressed B.upset C.harmed D.grieved 50 I’m surprised they are no longer on speaking terms.It’s not like either of them to bear a _______.A.grudge B.hatred C.disgust D.curse 51 Participants in the Shanghai Cooperation Forum______ regional teamwork to promote investment and economic development.A.cursed B.echoed C.bounced D.hailed 52 The snow_____ my plan to visit my aunt in the countryside.A.confused B.bewildered C.conversed D.hampered 53 The trucks _____ heavy goods from factories to the ports.A.pull B.haul C.drag D.push 54 Cigarette smoking is a great health _____ and may lead to fatal diseases.A.opposition B.protagonist C.fault D.hazard 55 The manager stubbornly_____ the section director from reducing his staff despite the failing business of the company.A.hindered B.adapted C.imposed D.permitted 56 It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all _____ to the flow of ideas shall be removed.A.prophecies B.transactions C.argument D.hindrances 57 Some birds______ when they look for animals to kill on the ground.A.hosed B.rolled C.hovered D.revolved 58 The full _____ of changes in computer technology will be felt within the next few years.A.affect B.impact C.action D.importance 59 The degree of economic growth is an ______ of the level of living.A.index B.advantage C.access D.aspect 60 The policeman tried to ______ the teenage driver to obey the traffic laws rather than fine him directly.A.induce B.abduct C.indulge D.lure 61 Since the package was______, the damage was paid for.A.ensured B.insured C.assured D.promised 62 The point at ______ at the meeting is whether they are to import the assembly line.A.argument B.controversy C.issue D.conflict 63 Lawyer have a terrible habit of using Latin and industry ______ to mystify people and themselves more valuable.A.inflections B.dialects C.accent D.jargon 64 As the cat lay asleep, dreaming her whiskers______.A.twitched B.twisted C.jerked D.jogged 65 The manager______ facts and figures to make it seem that the company was prosperous.A.beguiled B.besmirched C.juxtaposed D.juggled 66 The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a_______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion.A.long B.forever C.lasting D.lively 67 His talent for music remained latent until his wife bought him a guitar.A.hidden B.sophisticated C.delicate D.profound 68 When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his _____ can be distributed.A.paradoxes B.legacies C.platitudes D.analogies 69 Now the public has an unprecedented chance to peer over the shoulders of archaeologists and historians and get a firsthand look at the_____ of the Mongols and their Asian predecessors.A.legacy B.bequest C.converse D.miracle 70 The farmer put up iron fences around the flower______ garden neighbor’s sheep should break in.A.on condition that B.now that C.lest D.but 71 _____ any one should think it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true.A.In order that B.Lest C.If D.Providing 72 After the concert, the clean-up crew found the ground______ with papers, bottles and cans.A.scrubbed B.used C.littered D.dispersed 73 I don’t understand why people_____ such a beautiful garden with cans and bottles.A.located B.provided C.protected D.littered 74 Please put your empty cigarette packets and paper bags in the______ bins provided.A.junk B.litter C.scrap D.deposit 75 Laura, who comes from a wealthy family, spends most of her time enjoying herself, but takes _____ pains with her lessons.A.little B.few C.a little D.a few 76 What he told me was a _____ of downright lies.A.load B.mob C.pack D.flock 77 A _____ refers to an animal that is born from its mother’s body, not from an egg, and drinks its mother’s milk as a baby.A.mammoth B.penguin C.mosquito D.mammal 78 He expected the House to pass the bill by a comfortable______.A.maple B.marble C.marsh D.margin 79 The tiger continued to ______ us by walking round and round our tent.A.trap B.transplant C.menace D.provoke 80 A______ of this approach is that the variables are visually presented in a style that can be understood by generalists and specialists alike.A.value B.merit C.factor D.worth 81 Americans are highly_____, and therefore may find it difficult to become deeply involved with others.A.moving B.mobile C.movable D.motional 82 The two psychologists had to modify the American Sign Language somewhat in order to accommodate the chimpanzees’ spontaneous gestures.A.change B.abort C.shorten D.enhance 83 The whole program is well designed, but some details need further _____by some experts.A.proofing B.modifying C.demonstrating D.polishing 84 A scientific law is liable at anytime to need_____, that is an eternal truth.A.modifying B.changing C.revising D.adjusting 85 The integration of staff for training has led to a good exchange of ideas, greater enthusiasm, and higher staff_____.A.moral B.mortal C.morale D.mores 86 Another popular misconception is the _____ that great talent is usually highly specifiC.A.notion B.dilemma C.domain D.analogy 87 On behalf of my company, I am______ to you and your colleagues for your generous help.A.subjected B.inclined C.available D.obliged 88 They were tired, but not any less enthusiastic_____ that account.A.on B.by C.for D.with 89 The Barbie doll comes with a whole range of_______ that you can dress her in.A.outlooks B.outlines C.outskirts D.outfits 90 Such an _____act of hostility can only lead to war.A.overt B.episodic C.ample D.ultimate 91 Furthermore, if I were to leave him, he would______, for he cannot endure to be separated from me for more than one hour.A.prevail B.preside C.perish D.persecute 92 There’s one girl at my school who everybody______ because she doesn’t wear what everybody else wears;they are horrible to her.A.picks out B.picks over C.picks on D.picks off 93 Players will be_____ against four others worldwide in a timed competition to answer trivia questions from the 1950s to present day.A.trifled B.wreathed C.instigated D.pitted 94 The criminal’s _____ for leniency was ignored by the jurors.A.protest B.demand C.plea D.defence 95 When the rent was due, the poor man______ for more time.A.pleaded B.squashed C.exerted D.cursed 96 The couple had been trying to satisfy all the needs of their only youngster, who had been ____ for more pocket money all the time.A.supposing B.pleading C.trailing D.devising 97 He told a story about his sister who was in a sad______ when she was ill and had no money.A.plight B.polarization C.plague D.pigment 98 In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe______ Europe into a great war.A.pitched B.imposed C.inserted D.plunged 99 In 1816, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Northern Europe______ Europe into a bloody war.A.imposed B.plunged C.pitched D.inserted 100 It is not too late, but_____ action is needed.A.right B.urgent C.hurry D.prompt

答案（未必正確，請(qǐng)按自己查找對(duì)的理解）: 1-5CADAC.6-10CBDCA.11-15CAAAA.16-20ABCCC.21-25BAAAD.26-30CADCD.31-35AABBD.36-40CBBCD.41-45BCABC.46-50DBBDA.51-55DDBDA.56-60DCBAA.61-65BCDCD.66-70CABAC.71-75BCDBA.76-80ADDCB.81-85BABAC.86-90ADADA.91-95CCDCA.96-100BADBD

第三篇：中央黨校思想政治教育專業(yè)考博真題

中央黨校思想政治教育專業(yè)真題 《思想政治工作原理》

1、論政治工作要堅(jiān)持一人為本

2、論思想政治工作機(jī)制的創(chuàng)新

《思想政治工作發(fā)展史》

1、論大革命時(shí)期黨的思想政治工作的特點(diǎn)

2、論劉少奇《論共產(chǎn)黨員的修養(yǎng)》中關(guān)于黨自身修養(yǎng)與教育的思想及其當(dāng)前工作的意

第四篇：2004年考博英語(yǔ)題

2004年考博英語(yǔ)題

一、Directions 1.My brother knows so much about the stars that I am sure it would be impossible to find his _____.A.equivalent

B.equity C.equality

D.equal 答案：D.equal 2.The young couple had made their fortunes by developing a ____travel business at home.A.beneficial

B.profitable C.regenerative

D.financial 答案：B.profitable 3.The two scientists working independently made the same invention ____.A.spontaneously

B.simultaneously C.collaboratively

D.elaborately 答案：B.simultaneously 4.the scientist’s discovery will have a ______influence on mankind.A.gross

B.solid C.complete

D.profound 答案：D.profound 5.when he recited the passage by _____, he revealed that he was reproducing _____without understanding their meaning.A.after /cause

B.sounds/meaning C.sounds/pronunciation

D.rote/sounds 答案：C.sounds/pronunciation 6.were the diameter of a wire smaller diameter, its resistance _______.A.had been increased

B.would be increased C.might have been increased

D.was increased 答案：B.would be increased 7.all of us decided to stop and have dinner, _____we were feeling very hungry A.moreover

B.for C.whereas

D.consequently 答案：B.for 8.The number and diversity of British newspaper _____considerable.A.have been

B.are C.were

D.is 答案：D.is 9.Mary is reading ______.A.an exciting, detective old story

B.an old, exciting, detective story C.an exciting, old detective story

D.a detective, old exciting story 答案：C.an exciting, old detective story 10.having potential energy, a body may be in motion without any external force____.A.to act it

B.acting on it C.act on it

D.acts on it 答案：B.acting on it 11.He has only a _____understanding of astronomy.A.original

B.superficial C.critical

D.identical 答案：B.superficial 12.he was too sick to stay here, _____we sent him home.A.however

B.furthermore C.otherwise

D.accordingly 答案：D.accordingly 13.I believe the house was ____ set fire to.A.deliberately

B.credibly C.violently

D.vigorously 答案：A.deliberately 14.The managing director took the ____for the accident although it was not really his fault.A.guilt

B.blame C.change

D.accusation 答案：B.blame 15.They managed to ______ valuable raw materials from industrial wasters.A.reclaim

B.reconcile C.rectify

D.regulate 答案：A.reclaim 16.Logging at 5 p.m.is part of his daily _____.A.habit

B.practice C.routine

D.custom 答案：C.routine 17.Sounding a big city one usually finds the _____ and industrial belts A.habitat

B.inhabited C.dwelling

D.residential 答案：D.residential 18.it was clear that the garden was no more amateur affair, it had been professionally ______.A.laid out

B.laid down C.laid off

D.laid aside 答案：A.laid out 19.Each one of us advised him not to sign the contract with her, but ____.A.to good purpose

B.for the purpose C.in good shape

D.to any purpose 答案：B.for the purpose 20.I spend much time on that composition and I would _____ it if you would do the same when you mark it.A.modify

B.decorate

C.compile

D.appreciate 答案：D.appreciate

二、Reading comprehension 1.What is the best title for this passage? A.science and the trumpet B.recordings of the trumpet C.the trumpet and its ancestry D.how the trumpet is made 答案：C.the trumpet and its ancestry 2.It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is needed to make the trumpet work? A.air pressure

B.keen eyesight

C.daily cleaning

D.long fingers 答案：A.air pressure 3.Which of the following can be inferred about the first trumpet players? A.they could not play all the notes of the scale B.they were not able to pick up the trumpet C.they could not play simple tunes D.they had difficulty improving upon the trumpet 答案：A.they could not play all the notes of the scale 4.The word “one ”(1st sentence of 4th para.)could best be replaced by

A.the listener

B.a family

C.the composer

D.an instrument 答案：A.the listener 5.The author believe that the trumpet is particularly important because it A.can be used in rock bands B.had historical significance C.is a religious instrument D.has a narrow range 答案：B.had historical significance 6.according to the passage, it is difficult to be certain about the distant future of the universe because we---A.have too many conflicting theories B.do not have enough funding to continue our research C.are not sure how the universe is put together D.think too much of our present situation 答案：C.are not sure how the universe is put together 7.What does the author see as the function of the universe’s unseen switches? A.they tell us which one of the tracks the universe will use B.they enable us to alter the course of the universe C.they give us information about the lunar surface D.they determine which course the universe will take in the future 答案：D.they determine which course the universe will take in the future 8.Which of the following could best replace the word “track”(6th sentence of 2nd para.)A.band

B.rails

C.path

D.sequence 答案：C.path 9.For whom is the author probably writing this passage? A.train engineers B.general audiences C.professors of statistics D.young children 答案：B.general audiences 10.Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the passage? A.a statement illustrated by analogy B.a hypotheses supported by documentation C.a comparison of two contrasting theories D.a critical analysis of a common assumption 答案： A.a statement illustrated by analogy 11.from the information presented by the author, it seem s that crows_______.A.can communicate wit on another B.are relatively easy to catch C.usually succeed in bobbing the nests of smaller birds D.do damage to gardens grain fields and orchards 答案：C.usually succeed in bobbing the nests of smaller birds 12.what do the sentinels do> A.they give signals to the crows if any danger is coming near.B.they discover good places for the crows to build their nests.C.they find fields and gardens that can supply the crows with food.D.they defend the crows against the attacks of the small birds.答案：A.they give signals to the crows if any danger is coming near.13.what is the effect of man’s war against crows?

A.“crow shoots” are reducing the number of crows.B.crows are just as numerous as they ever were C.scarecrows are driving crows from the United States D.crows are doing more and more damager all the time 答案：B.crows are just as numerous as they ever were 14.crows help the farmer by _____.A.warning him when danger approach B.learning to say words C.D.catch bugs and other insects 答案：D.catch bugs and other insects 15.what is the author’s feeling about crows?

A.he thinks that they are harmful and should be controlled B.he thinks that their voices are interesting and should be trained C.he enjoys studying them and their habits D.he likes theme and wants to protect them 答案：D.he likes theme and wants to protect them 16.What does the passage mainly discuss? A.American political parties in the twentieth century B.the role of ideology in American polities C.the future direction of Unites States polities D.differences between Republican and Democrats 答案：A.American political parties in the twentieth century 17.according to the passage, what is true of the major political parties in the United States? A.they are both generally conservative B.party organization has been stronger at the state level than at the national level C.party organization has increased their influence in recent years D.Democrats have been stronger than Republican at the national level 答案：B.party organization has been stronger at the state level than at the national level 18.The passage mentions all of the following as causes of the decline of political organizations in the United States except---A.increased numbers of immigrants B.development of the welfare states C.improved conditions for state workers D.the influence of television 答案：A.increased numbers of immigrants 19.The passage supports which of the following conclusions? A.Democrats are more committed than Republicans to a market-oriented economy B.Republicans are more liberal than Democrats C.Republicans and Democrats tend to be flexible on ideological questions D.only Democrats have traditional political organizations 答案：C.Republicans and Democrats tend to be flexible on ideological questions 20.The word “irrelevant” in the last sentence of the passage is closest in meaning to---A.unquestioning

B.uninteresting C.unimportant

D.invalid 答案：B.uninteresting 21.According to behaviorism, all human actions_________.A.are based on stimulus and response

B.have no bearing on human drives

C.are supposed to be highly motivated

D.are of a great mystery

答案：A.are based on stimulus and response 22.Behaviorism basically believes in_______.A.motivation

B.Performance C.rewards

D.human factors 答案：C.rewards

23.From the passage, it can be inferred that _______.A.rewards are highly effective in America

B.rewards are not much soughtafter in academic circles

C.rewards have long lost their appeal in American society

D.Americans are addicted to rewards 答案：D.Americans are addicted to rewards

24.The children’s behavior in the last paragraph_______.A.can be best explained be behaviorism

B.can be linked to Pavlov’s dogs

C.shows that rewards may well kill desire

D.serve to provided evidence to behaviorism 答案：C.shows that rewards may well kill desire

25.Which of the following in support of the finding that “people tend to perform worse,…when a reward is involved”(last paragraph)? A.People are not used to being conditioned by prizes.B.Rewards, like punishments, are attempts to control behavior.C.Rewards are so indispensable to American cultures.D.The principle of “positive reinforcement” in not fully enforced.答案：B.Rewards, like punishments, are attempts to control behavior.26.Dr Adams left London---A.two days before the conference B.on Wednesday 16th

C.on the day before the conference D.on the 13th

答案：D.on the 13th

27.Dr Adams---A.was a good traveler B.found long journeys exhausting C.usually fell asleep on long journeys D.was a keen sightseer 答案：B.found long journeys exhausting 28.After dinner Dr Adams and his companion---A.sat and talked B.went to bed early C.went out into the streets of New Delhi D.caught the plane to Colombo 答案：C.went out into the streets of New Delhi 29.All the delegates to the conference were---A.students of the Commonwealth School of Tropical Agriculture B.from the developing countries C.from Africa D.agricultural experts 答案：D.agricultural experts 30.The “old friends” that Dr Adams met were---A.ex-students of the Commonwealth School of Tropical Agriculture B.people he has worked with before C.delegates he had met at the hotel D.delegates who were interested in his lecture 答案：A.ex-students of the Commonwealth School of Tropical Agriculture 31.The action of the story takes place in _______.A.England B.Johnstown C.New York City D.Not mentioned 答案：B.Johnstown 32.What type of experience did Megan have on Friday afternoon? A.happy B.uninteresting C.depressing D.frightening 答案：D.frightening 33.How do you think Megan felt when she saw the wall of water? A.brave B.curious C.horrified D.disappointed 答案：C.horrified 34.Why do you think the people around Megan to pray? A.because they felt thankful B.because they wanted to impress Megan C.because they were very afraid D.because they asked for others’ help 答案：C.because they were very afraid 35.What do you think the ray of light meant to Megan? A.that there might be a way out B.that she could see well enough to read C.that someone was searching for her D.that there was no danger at all 答案：A.that there might be a way out

三、Translation 1.He had not want to hurt her, but an itch to dominate pushed him on to say.答案： 他并不想傷害她，但是一種渴望激勵(lì)著他還是說了。

2.in a dangerous and uncertain world, the strengthening of national defense is the best guarantee of a nation’s vital interests.答案：在這個(gè)危險(xiǎn)和不穩(wěn)定的世界里，鞏固國(guó)防是國(guó)家利益的最好保障。

3.The ancient water that brought soil to these mountain valleys had no reaching the sea, so they spread out in shallow lake.答案：古老的水把這些土壤帶到了山谷，水卻沒有流到海里，因此他們流進(jìn)了小湖。

4.while there are thousands of stocks, the ones bought and sold most

frequency are usually listed on the New York Stock Exchange.答案：雖然這里有上千支股票，但是交易最頻繁的都被列在紐約的證劵交易所。5.Spanish missionaries who brought their knowledge and their seedlings here from their native country were the first to grow wine here.答案：西班牙傳教士從他們自己國(guó)家?guī)砹怂麄兊闹R(shí)和幼苗，并在這里第一次生產(chǎn)了葡萄酒。6.“You’ve got to be careful of these Eastern lawyers.If you are not careful they’ll take you and turn you hustle out”

答案：你們要小心這些東方的律師，如果不小心，他們會(huì)把你們擠走。

7.Laura wished that she was not holding that piece of bread-and-butter, but there was nowhere to put it and she couldn’t possibly throw it away.答案：勞拉希望她沒有拿那塊黃油面包，但是現(xiàn)在沒有地方放，她也不可能扔掉。

8.the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)was established to control and abate pollution in the basic areas of air, water, solid waste, pesticides, noise, and radiation.答案：美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)局負(fù)責(zé)控制和減輕空氣、水、固體垃圾、農(nóng)藥、噪音和輻射的這些基本領(lǐng)域的污染。

9.When one individual inflicts bodily injury upon another, such injury that death results.We call the deed man-slaughter when the litigant knew in advance that the injury would be fatal, we call his deed murder.答案：如果一個(gè)人傷害了另一個(gè)人的身體，而且這種傷害致被害人于死，我們就把這種行為叫做過失殺人；如果訴訟當(dāng)事人事先知道這種傷害會(huì)致人于死，那么我們就把他的行為叫做謀殺。

10.Government provides tax write-offs for corporate philanthropy out of the belief that many centers of support for socially needed programs help contribute to a dynamic solution to the human problems of society

答案：政府為企業(yè)的慈善事業(yè)提供稅收減免是出于這樣的信念，即許多中心對(duì)社會(huì)需要的項(xiàng)目的支持有助于人類社會(huì)問題的動(dòng)態(tài)解決。

第五篇：馬克思主義考博真題

07年 馬哲原理

1、試論馬克思主義的哲學(xué)觀。（40分）

2、試論馬克思主義哲學(xué)的批判的革命的本質(zhì)及其現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。（30分）

3、試論馬克思恩格斯關(guān)于社會(huì)公平的思想。（30分）

原著

1、“人們自己創(chuàng)造自己的歷史，但他們并不是隨心所欲的創(chuàng)造自己的歷史??” 請(qǐng)說出這段論述的出處及含義、意義。（15分）

2、“人的思維的至上性與非至上性……真理與謬誤的……” 請(qǐng)說出這段論述的出處及含義、意義。（15分）

3、“認(rèn)識(shí)由感性到理性……從現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)，再到更深刻的本質(zhì)”（關(guān)于現(xiàn)象和本質(zhì)的那段話）請(qǐng)說出這段論述的出處及含義、意義。（15分）

4、“認(rèn)識(shí)和實(shí)踐……”（關(guān)于實(shí)踐和認(rèn)識(shí)無(wú)限反復(fù)循環(huán)的一段話）請(qǐng)說出這段論述的出處及含義、意義。（15分）

5、試論恩格斯在馬克思主義哲學(xué)創(chuàng)立過程中的地位和作用。（20分）

6、試論馬克思恩格斯關(guān)于政治解放和人類解放的關(guān)系的思想。（區(qū)別和聯(lián)系）（20分）08年

馬哲原理：

1.試述費(fèi)爾巴哈和馬克思關(guān)于人的論述。

2．闡述實(shí)踐標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的確定性和不確定性的論述，并談?wù)勂洮F(xiàn)實(shí)意義。3．試論述歷史規(guī)律的客觀性及其特點(diǎn)。馬哲史：

1.“人體解剖是猴體解剖的一把鑰匙??”一段話，要求說出出處、含義和意義。2.“我們不能得意于對(duì)自然界的勝利??”一段話，要求說出出處、含義和意義。3.“考察的客觀性?！币笳f出出處、含義和意義。4．“使馬克思主義哲學(xué)具有中國(guó)風(fēng)格、中國(guó)氣派”一段話，要求說出出處、含義和意義。04年 馬哲原理

1、如何從哲學(xué)角度理解社會(huì)發(fā)展。

2、實(shí)踐在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的超越意義。原著

1、《提綱》的偉大變革。

2、列寧三者統(tǒng)一思想。

3、毛澤東《實(shí)踐論》《反對(duì)本本主義》《人的正確思想從哪里來》的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。05年 馬哲原理

1、馬克思主義中國(guó)化特點(diǎn)、主要經(jīng)驗(yàn)及其意義。

2、和諧社會(huì)的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。

3、人與社會(huì)矛盾的當(dāng)代特點(diǎn)及出路。原著

1、《提綱》第二條。

2、《政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)批判序言》兩個(gè)“不會(huì)”“必然”。

3、《終結(jié)》 “過程集合體”。

4、列寧《談?wù)勣q證法問題》最后一段“唯心主義的認(rèn)識(shí)論根源”。

5、文本研究對(duì)發(fā)展馬哲的意義。06年：

馬哲原理：

1、試論馬克思主義世界歷史理論對(duì)中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化的意義。

2、簡(jiǎn)述真理是一個(gè)過程的思想及其意義。

3、試述社會(huì)歷史發(fā)展的決定論和選擇論的辯證關(guān)系及其意義。原著：

1.引文為馬克思《1857-1858手稿》中關(guān)于人的發(fā)展階段理論一段話，要求指出出處，解釋文本并說明意義。

2、引文為為“隨著自然科學(xué)的發(fā)展，唯物主義必然改變自己的形式......”一段話，要求指出出處，解釋文本并說明意義。

3、引文為列寧“兩個(gè)歸結(jié)于”一段論述，要求指出出處，解釋文本并說明意義。

4、簡(jiǎn)述毛澤東在《實(shí)踐論》和《矛盾論》中對(duì)馬哲中國(guó)化的貢獻(xiàn)。07年 馬哲原理

1、試論馬克思主義的哲學(xué)觀。（40分）

2、試論馬克思主義哲學(xué)的批判的革命的本質(zhì)及其現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。（30分）

3、試論馬克思恩格斯關(guān)于社會(huì)公平的思想。（30分）

原著

1、“人們自己創(chuàng)造自己的歷史，但他們并不是隨心所欲的創(chuàng)造自己的歷史??” 請(qǐng)說出這段論述的出處及含義、意義。（15分）

2、“人的思維的至上性與非至上性……真理與謬誤的……” 請(qǐng)說出這段論述的出處及含義、意義。（15分）

3、“認(rèn)識(shí)由感性到理性……從現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)，再到更深刻的本質(zhì)”（關(guān)于現(xiàn)象和本質(zhì)的那段話）請(qǐng)說出這段論述的出處及含義、意義。（15分）

4、“認(rèn)識(shí)和實(shí)踐……”（關(guān)于實(shí)踐和認(rèn)識(shí)無(wú)限反復(fù)循環(huán)的一段話）請(qǐng)說出這段論述的出處及含義、意義。（15分）

5、試論恩格斯在馬克思主義哲學(xué)創(chuàng)立過程中的地位和作用。（20分）

6、試論馬克思恩格斯關(guān)于政治解放和人類解放的關(guān)系的思想。（區(qū)別和聯(lián)系）（20分）08年

馬哲原理：

1.試述費(fèi)爾巴哈和馬克思關(guān)于人的論述。

2．闡述實(shí)踐標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的確定性和不確定性的論述，并談?wù)勂洮F(xiàn)實(shí)意義。3．試論述歷史規(guī)律的客觀性及其特點(diǎn)。馬哲史：

1.“人體解剖是猴體解剖的一把鑰匙??”一段話，要求說出出處、含義和意義。2.“我們不能得意于對(duì)自然界的勝利??”一段話，要求說出出處、含義和意義。3.“考察的客觀性?！币笳f出出處、含義和意義。4．“使馬克思主義哲學(xué)具有中國(guó)風(fēng)格、中國(guó)氣派”一段話，要求說出出處、含義和意義。

中國(guó)人民大學(xué)中國(guó)哲學(xué)專業(yè)歷年考博試題

2000年： 西哲：

1、亞里士多德對(duì)柏拉圖理念說的批判與繼承。

2、安瑟爾謨關(guān)于上帝存在的本體論證明。

3、休謨因果說評(píng)述。

4、斯賓諾莎唯理論的認(rèn)識(shí)。

5、費(fèi)爾巴哈對(duì)黑格爾唯心主義體系的批評(píng)和繼承。中哲；

1、莊子對(duì)老子思想的繼承和發(fā)展。

2、《壇經(jīng)》的心性論綜述。

3、朱熹的格物致知思想述評(píng)。

4、章太炎儒學(xué)觀的演變。

5、道家思想的現(xiàn)代意義。2001年 西哲

1、德謨克利特的原子論。

2、康德的感性。

3、經(jīng)驗(yàn)論的。

4、托馬斯·阿奎那的理性和信仰的關(guān)系。

5、黑格爾的矛盾。中哲：

1、離間白和合同異的異同。

2、郭象的獨(dú)化論述評(píng)。

3、王陽(yáng)明的“四句教”的哲學(xué)意義。

4、譚嗣同的仁學(xué)。

5、以德治國(guó)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。2002年 西哲：

1、柏拉圖的理念論。

2、培根的四假象說。

3、休謨的習(xí)慣性聯(lián)想。

4、托馬斯·阿奎那關(guān)于上帝存在的證明。

5、康德的實(shí)踐理性批判。中哲：

1、先秦天道觀的區(qū)別。

2、董仲舒的人副天數(shù)說。

3、法藏華嚴(yán)宗的判教理論。

4、嚴(yán)復(fù)的中西觀。

5、中西哲學(xué)的比較。2003年 西哲：

1、亞里士多德的四因說。

2、笛卡兒、斯賓諾莎、萊布尼茨的“天賦觀念說”的異同。

3、貝克萊的“存在即是感知和被感知”。

4、黑格爾的辯證法述評(píng)。中哲：

1、老子的“道”的思想和現(xiàn)代意義。

2、葛洪對(duì)道家思想的改造。

3、二程學(xué)說的異同。

4、孫中山的進(jìn)化論思想。

5、中國(guó)哲學(xué)同現(xiàn)代化的關(guān)系。2004年 西哲：

1、柏拉圖理念論。

2、斯賓諾莎實(shí)體學(xué)說。

3、康德“哥白尼革命”。

4、黑格爾的“思維與存在的同一性?！?中哲：

1、荀子對(duì)孔子“禮”思想的繼承和發(fā)展。

2、南北朝時(shí)佛性與人性之辨。

3、王廷相的道體論及其在氣學(xué)中的地位。

4、維新派知行觀的特點(diǎn)。

5、儒佛價(jià)值觀的融合與沖突。2005年 西哲：

1、亞里士多德的中道思想與孔子中庸思想比較。

2、笛卡兒是在面臨什么樣的挑戰(zhàn)下提出他的形而上學(xué)基礎(chǔ)的？他是如何構(gòu)建他的形而上學(xué)基礎(chǔ)的？

3、貝克萊的“存在即感知與被感知”。

4、康德的“人為自然立法”。中哲：

1、先秦法家的道論。

2、董仲舒對(duì)先秦儒家的改造。

3、朱熹的“無(wú)極太極之辯”

4、康有為哲學(xué)創(chuàng)新中的中國(guó)特色。

5、中國(guó)哲學(xué)中天人關(guān)系的現(xiàn)代意義。2007年 中哲： 1．《易傳》的哲學(xué)思想 2．葛洪的哲學(xué)思想 3．《四書》與宋明理學(xué)的關(guān)系 4．龔自珍、魏源的哲學(xué)思想 5．“和”的中國(guó)哲學(xué)資源 西哲：

1．柏拉圖的洞穴隱喻

2．斯賓諾莎的倫理學(xué)思想與莊子人生哲學(xué)的異同 3．康德的純粹理性批判 4．舉例說明西方哲學(xué)概念在詮釋中國(guó)哲學(xué)中的積極作用和消極作用

2009年（憑記憶，可能有誤差，請(qǐng)諒解）中哲：

1，儒家的仁愛和墨家兼愛之間的異同 2，董仲舒的天人合一思想 3，宋明理學(xué)中天理的含義

4，評(píng)述康有為的“公羊三世說” 5，評(píng)述中國(guó)儒學(xué)與現(xiàn)代化的兼容性 西哲：

1，普羅泰格拉“人是萬(wàn)物的尺度”，并用柏拉圖的理念論加以評(píng)析 2，中世紀(jì)兩大派

3，康德是怎樣完成他的批判的

4，邏各斯和中國(guó)哲學(xué)中“道”的異同 中國(guó)人民大學(xué)2010年博士初試題目 中國(guó)哲學(xué)：

道家哲學(xué)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義近代國(guó)學(xué)爭(zhēng)論 宋明理學(xué)分系

《易傳》中的天人思想 華嚴(yán)宗一與多關(guān)系 綜合： 一

1.人與自然的關(guān)系及其現(xiàn)實(shí)意義 2.唯物史觀實(shí)現(xiàn)的革命性變革

3.為什么說實(shí)踐的觀點(diǎn)是馬克思主義認(rèn)識(shí)論的首要的基本的觀點(diǎn)

二

1.莊子的齊物論

2.道教的一個(gè)什么思想

3.朱熹的“理一分殊”

4.科學(xué)規(guī)律的合理性與可錯(cuò)性，并舉例說明

三

1.柏拉圖為什么把世界二重化，分為可知世界與可感世界？從知識(shí)論和存在論的角度回答 2.笛卡爾為什么堅(jiān)持身心二元論？它的形而上學(xué)意義及缺陷

3.黑格爾的思維與存在的統(tǒng)一

4.論可能世界 專業(yè)課：2011

歷史唯物主義在馬克思主義中的地位和作用。

馬克思恩格斯公平觀。

“黑人就是黑人，只有在一定關(guān)系下，黑人才是奴隸；紡紗機(jī)就是紡織棉花的工具，只有在一定關(guān)系下，紡紗機(jī)才是資本。”這段話的出處、含義以及意義。

“考察的客觀性（不是枝節(jié)，是自在之物本身）”，這句話的出處、含義以及意義。

哲學(xué)綜合：

馬哲原理（三選二）

歷史唯物主義的基本觀點(diǎn)以及對(duì)社會(huì)科學(xué)方法論的意義

矛盾特殊性的含義以及在實(shí)際工作中的意義

科學(xué)技術(shù)是第一生產(chǎn)力

西哲（四選二）

什么是懷疑主義？懷疑主義在西方哲學(xué)史上的意義

亞里士多德“

”（一段關(guān)于存在論的話），談?wù)勥@種科學(xué)的特征以及在西方哲學(xué)史上的演變

上帝本體論證明以及康德對(duì)證明的批判

邏輯是什么，它的哲學(xué)含義