第一篇：[高中英語(yǔ)舊教材講解]Unit 12 Fact and fantasy

Unit 12 Fact and fantasy

1.league n.(1)里格，是舊時(shí)長(zhǎng)度單位，約為3英里或5千米(2)同盟，團(tuán)隊(duì)

eg.Are they League members?他們是團(tuán)員嗎？

A League member should be an example for the youth to follow.(3)習(xí)語(yǔ)：in league with “暗中合謀，同??暗中勾結(jié)” The police suspected that the bank clerk was in league with the robbers.警察懷疑銀行職員與強(qiáng)盜暗中勾結(jié)。2.fiction(1)n.作“小說(shuō)”意思，為不可數(shù)名詞

eg.Fact/ Truth is stranger than fiction.（諺）事實(shí)奇于小說(shuō)。He writes fiction.他是寫小說(shuō)的。

辨析：fable指借助動(dòng)物、植物、物品等形象或?qū)υ捳f(shuō)明某一哲理的寓言，通常寓意在結(jié)尾點(diǎn)明。

fiction 包括的范圍較廣，可指短篇、中篇、長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)或傳奇故事。

This is a bable about a fox.這是一個(gè)關(guān)于狐貍的寓言。

He prefers light fiction to serious novels.比起嚴(yán)肅小說(shuō)來(lái)，他更喜歡輕松的小說(shuō)。

(2)n.作“虛構(gòu)之事，想像”，是可數(shù)名詞

eg.His testimony was a complete fiction.他的證言全是虛構(gòu)的。(3)adj.fictional, 虛構(gòu)的，編造的

He wrote a fictional account of a journey to the moon.3.hunter(1)n.意思為“獵人”可數(shù)名詞 a famous hunter一位著名的獵手。

(2)vt.hunt 意思為“打獵，搜索”

hunt for sb./sth搜索某人/某物

Millions of people hunt and fish for a living.成百萬(wàn)人以打獵和捕魚為生。

The men were hunting an elephant.人們正在追捕一頭象。I spend the summer and fall hunting for a job.(3)習(xí)語(yǔ)

hunt for尋找 到處尋找

hunt down/ out / up搜索，追捕到

獵

4.collision n.(1)撞擊，collision with sb/ sth 猛撞某人/某物 His car had a collision with a truck.他的車子與貨車相撞。(2)不一致

We have no principle collision.我們沒有原則上

go hunting去狩

hunt high and low for 的沖突。

(3)come into collision with（與??）沖突，抵觸，對(duì)立 The workers came into collision with the manager.工人們與經(jīng)理發(fā)生了沖突。

(4)v.collide 與??沖突，碰撞，常與with搭配 The two planes collided with each other in midair.The president collided with the Congress over his budget plans.總統(tǒng)就預(yù)算問(wèn)題與國(guó)會(huì)發(fā)生了沖突。(5)辨析：

collide指互相劇烈地撞在一起。He collides with a drunkard at the corner of the street.bump指頭部或其他物品碰了某物。He bumped his head against the wall.clash指因?yàn)椴灰恢禄虿粎f(xié)調(diào)而導(dǎo)致沖突。Your views clashed with mine.crash指突然猛烈地撞擊或墜下而破碎。The airplane crashed on a hillside.6.voyage

(1)n.航海，航行，指長(zhǎng)途的乘船的旅行。He made a voyage to Japan.I wish you a happy voyage.The voyage from England to India used to take 6 months.(2)v.航海，航行于某地，是正式文體的用法

They are voyaging across the Indian Ocean.他們正在作穿越印度洋的航行。

(3)n.voyager, 航海家，海上探險(xiǎn)者(4)a long voyage 一次長(zhǎng)的航行

go on a voyage 航海

in the course of voyage

from a voyage 航行歸來(lái)

set out on a voyage出發(fā)航行 7.aboard

(1)prep.在船上（飛機(jī)、火車上等），其后直接跟交通工具。eg.We are aboard the train.The passengers are all aboard the ship.They went aboard the ship.(2)adv.上了船，上了飛機(jī)

The captain went aboard.All aboard!要開船了，大家上船！8.prisoner(1)n.囚犯

(2)prison n.監(jiān)獄，監(jiān)禁

The thief was sent to prison for one year.這名小偷被監(jiān)禁一年。Many people believe that prison isn’t a cure for crime.許多人認(rèn)為監(jiān)禁解決不了犯罪問(wèn)題。9.gentle adj.(1)慷慨的，溫厚的，友好的 The nurses are very gentle.護(hù)士們待人溫和親切。

Mothers are gentle with their babies.母親對(duì)嬰兒總是溫柔體貼的。

She has a gentle heart.她有一顆善良（或溫柔）的心。(2)輕柔的，柔和的The boy has a gentle spirit.The gentle breezes rustled through the leaves.(3)gentle manners文雅的舉止 微笑

a gentle slope不那么陡的坡，緩坡

a gentle voice柔和的聲音

a gentle smile柔和的a gentle tap on the shoulder在肩上輕輕地拍了一下 10.phenomena

(1)現(xiàn)象，通常指不尋?；蚓呖茖W(xué)性的現(xiàn)象。這是復(fù)數(shù)形式，其單數(shù)形式是phenomenon.A rainbow is a natural phenomenon.彩虹是自然現(xiàn)象。

(2)phenomenon在口語(yǔ)中指非凡之人

a child phenomenon神童 11.labour

(1)n.勞動(dòng)，不可數(shù) Labour creates the world.勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)造世界

It is necessary for us to take part in physical labour.(2)n.勞工，工人，不可數(shù)

We must have extra labour for the post at Christmas.Labour favours a seven hour day.(3)v.勞動(dòng)，工作，苦干，努力 They laboured for the happiness of mankind.They laboured for two days to build a shelter.(4)v.步履艱難

She laboured up the steps with her two bags.He laboured up the hill.他吃力地爬上山去。

辨析：labour

多指艱苦的、緊張的、勞累的體力勞動(dòng)，也可指腦力勞動(dòng)。

They earth their living by manual labour.他們靠體力勞動(dòng)來(lái)維持生計(jì)。

hard labour 艱苦勞動(dòng)

His new book is the product of some three years’ labour.job是可數(shù)名詞，常指具體的某一個(gè)工作，它即可指固定工作，也可指臨時(shí)性工作，常與“失業(yè)”相對(duì)應(yīng)。job還可用于對(duì)一件事情表示褒貶。

You did a good job.He got a part-time job as a salesman.work是不可數(shù)名詞，常與“休息”相對(duì)應(yīng)。Work含義較廣，既可指體力勞動(dòng)、腦力勞動(dòng)，又可指機(jī)器與自然力所做的工作；既可指長(zhǎng)期的工作，也可指短期的工作。

I have a lot of work to do this evening.Computers do much of the office work formerly（從前）done by man.It takes a lot of work to make a channel under the sea.(5)習(xí)語(yǔ)：

labour and capital勞資

labour discipline勞動(dòng)紀(jì)律

Labour Party工黨

manual labour體力勞動(dòng)

labour union工會(huì)

Labour Day勞動(dòng)節(jié)

labour trouble勞資糾紛

labour reform勞動(dòng)改造

labour under受苦，受??影響 the hardest mental labour最艱苦的腦力勞動(dòng)

labour service company勞動(dòng)服務(wù)公司 12.hesitate(1)v.猶豫，躊躇

hesitate at/ about/ over sth.Andrew hesitated before he took the last cake.If you hesitate too much, you’ll lose the game.He hesitates at nothing.He’s still hesitates about joining/over whether to join the expedition.(2)v.不愿，不欲，常與to搭配

hesitate to do sth 不愿做某事

I hesitate to take the risk.I always hesitate to advise my friends on what to read.(3)怕麻煩別人

If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to ask me.n.hesitation猶豫，躊躇 I had no hesitation in telling the truth.She agreed without the slightest hesitation.His frequent hesitations annoyed the audience.13.grave(1)n.墓穴、墳?zāi)?/p>

Is there life beyond the grave?(2)adj.重大的，嚴(yán)重的

I made a grave mistake.我犯了一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。

This is grave news.(3)look grave面孔嚴(yán)肅 后果

a grave situation嚴(yán)重的局勢(shì)的話

from the cradle to the grave從生到死 死不瞑目

dig one’s own grave自掘墳?zāi)?聲的 14.foundation(1)n.[U] 建立，創(chuàng)立，創(chuàng)辦

He devoted all his energy to the foundation of the university.(2)n.[C, U]（作為某事的）基本原則，思想或事實(shí)；基礎(chǔ) This success laid the foundation of his career.* foundation course基礎(chǔ)課

foundation-stone奠基石

silent as the grave寂靜無(wú)

turn in one’s grave

grave words語(yǔ)重心長(zhǎng)

a grave consequence嚴(yán)重

found v.建立，創(chuàng)立

者

15.overboard

founder n.建立者，締造(1)adv.從船上落（或拋）入水中，在船外 They were thrown overboard when they were on the sea.The sailor jumped overboard into the sea.(2)go overboard(about sb./sth.)對(duì)（某人/某事）極感興趣或過(guò)分感興趣

He goes overboard about every young woman he meets.(3)Throw sth./sb.overboard拋棄某事物，除掉或不再支持某人 After heavily losing the election, the party threw their leader overboard.辨析：aboard adv.在船（飛機(jī)、車）上；上船（飛機(jī)、車）board vt.上車，上船

on board 在船（車等）上，上船（車等）abroad adv.在國(guó)外，到國(guó)外 16.apply(1)申請(qǐng)；使/應(yīng)/運(yùn)用

I have made up my mind to apply for a scholarship.Scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial processes.(2)涂，貼用；適用；與??直接有關(guān)

Apply the paint evenly to both sides of the door.He examined the cut and applied a plaster.The questions in the second half of the form apply only to married men.(3)apply oneself to致力于，專心于

He has a lot of talent, but he won’t apply himself.You will only pass your exams if you really apply yourself to your work.(4)adj.applied應(yīng)用的，實(shí)用的 17.companion(1)n.[C]同/伙伴，伴侶

My fellow prisoners were good companions.A dog is a faithful companion.(2)受雇陪伴老人或病人者；成對(duì)/雙物之一

She was acting as a companion to the old lady.The companion volume will soon be published.adj.companionable友好的，好交際的n.companionship 友誼，朋友或伴侶的關(guān)系 18.dislike

(1)vt.不喜愛，厭惡，該詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，其后常接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。

Why do you dislike her so much? I dislike having to get up early.(2)n.[C,U] 厭惡，討厭，反感

She took an immediate dislike to him.We all have our likes and dislikes.19.in public公開地，當(dāng)眾

反義詞in private He repeated in public what he had said in private.She was appearing in public for the first time since her illness.in the public eye廣為人知的

20.throw light on 使??清楚起來(lái)，提供線索，也可以表達(dá)為cast light on,或shed light on.Recent research has thrown new light on the causes of the disease.The new facts throw some light on the matter.Let Mrs.Danvers read the note.She may be able to throw light on it.21.brilliant adj.光亮的，光輝奪目的，燦爛的；聰穎的，技藝高超的

The sun shone in a brilliant blue sky.I was a good student, above average, but not brilliant.He predicted a brilliant future for the child.adv.brilliantly

n.brilliance聰穎；鮮明，燦爛，光輝

Dorothy Sayers was a writer of tremendous brilliance.He acted brilliantly in a wide range of parts.22.set out 動(dòng)身，出發(fā)；陳列，安排；陳/ 闡述 She set out at dawn.The brushes and paints had been set out.The gardens have been beautifully set out.Darwin set out his theory in detail in The Origin of Species’.* set out to do sth./ set about doing sth.開始/著手做??

We set out to paint the whole house./ We set about painting the whole house.She set out to break the world land speed record.*set off與set out兩詞有時(shí)可互換，但有時(shí)是有區(qū)別的（1）set off出發(fā)，發(fā)射

The driver suggested that we should set off before seven in the morning in order to avoid traffic jam.The children gathered in the garden to set the fireworks off.(2)set out出發(fā)；打算

The Chinese expedition set out for the North Pole yesterday.I set out to make the dress by myself, but in the end I had to ask for help.23.cut up 指用刀或其他工具把某物切成小塊，切碎，剪碎；割傷，挫傷某人。

He was badly cut up in the fight.辨析：

cut away（自某物上）切除；剪去；砍掉某物

They cut away all the branches from the tree.cut out剪成，砍成，剪成或開辟出某事物；剪裁衣服；刪除某事物。

You can cut out the unimportant details.cut down砍傷要害，自基礎(chǔ)部分砍倒；減少數(shù)額，減少消耗；砍價(jià)。

He was asking $400 for the car, but we cut him down to $350.24.make a living謀生，生存之道，生計(jì)，收入

He made a living as a journalist, by/from writing.They are making a good living.It is possible to make a very good living from modeling.1.the father of science fiction 科幻小說(shuō)之父

fiction n.[U] & [C] 虛構(gòu)的文學(xué)作品；小說(shuō)；編造的謊話；虛構(gòu)；想象。

E.g.science fiction 科學(xué)小說(shuō),科學(xué)幻想故事 the writer of fiction 小說(shuō)家

Fact [Truth] is stranger than fiction.[諺]事實(shí)比小說(shuō)還離奇。The account she gave of her movements is a complete fiction.她對(duì)自己的行動(dòng)所作的解釋完全是虛構(gòu)的。

2.His father sent him to Paris to study law, but instead Verne developed his love for the theatre.develop love for：become more and more interested in develop a friendship with sb.: become friends with sb.gradually develop a mine開礦 develop a film沖洗膠卷

3.He used the latest ideas and technical inventions of his day in his books.a.)latest: the most recent E.g.the latest fashion / news at(the)latest : 最遲 b.)sth./ sb.of one’s day

E.g.Shakespeare topped all the other writers of his day.4.Many of the instruments in his novels will remind the reader of Dr Benjamin Franklin’s experiments with electricity.remind vt.Make sb.think of or remember remind sb.of sth./ to do sth 使某人想起……提醒某人做某事 remind sb.that… 提醒某人……,警告某人…… E.g.The film reminded him of what he had seen in China.這部影片使他回想起在中國(guó)所看到的一切。He reminded his mother how to operate the computer.Please remind me that I must call her up before nine.請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐揖劈c(diǎn)前給她打個(gè)電話。

5.By taking scientific developments of his day one step further, Jules Verne laid the foundation of modern science fiction.通過(guò)將他所處時(shí)代的科學(xué)發(fā)展向前推進(jìn)一步,儒勒?凡爾納奠定了現(xiàn)代科幻小說(shuō)的基礎(chǔ)。

lay the foundation of 奠定……的基礎(chǔ)。without foundation 無(wú)根據(jù)的

lay the foundation for 給……打下基礎(chǔ),為……奠定基礎(chǔ) E.g.He laid the foundations of his success by study and hard work.The two leaders have laid the foundations of a new era in cooperation between their countries.the foundation of a building 建筑物的地基

6.Jules Verne died in 1905, long before any of his dreams came true.1905年,儒勒?凡爾納的一個(gè)夢(mèng)想也沒有實(shí)現(xiàn),他就與世長(zhǎng)辭了。

a)long before 很久以前(可單獨(dú)使用,一般用在過(guò)去完成時(shí)的句子里；亦可引導(dǎo)句子)。

E.g.She said she had seen the film long before.她說(shuō)她很久以前就看過(guò)這部電影。

It was long before we knew what was wrong with our plan.過(guò)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間我們才知道計(jì)劃錯(cuò)在哪里。

8.Dr Aronnax, his servant and a Canadian whale hunter set out to find the monster.a)servant n.仆人；公務(wù)員；雇員。E.g.civil servant 公務(wù)員 Fire and water may be good servants, but bad masters.[諺]水火是忠仆,用之不慎成災(zāi)主。b)set out to do sth.著手干某事。(set out出發(fā),開始)E.g.I set out to prepare for my speech.我開始著手為演講做準(zhǔn)備。

They set out for the north two days later.兩天后,他們出發(fā)向北去了。

They set out on a sightseeing tour.他們動(dòng)身出去觀光旅行。9.After months of searching they find it and in the collision that follows, the three men are thrown overboard.經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)月的尋找,他們找到了那個(gè)怪物,但是在隨后的沖突中他們?nèi)吮粡拇蠏伻氪蠛＠铩?/p>

a)collision n.(車、船的)碰撞；(利益,意見的)沖突。a collision between a car and a bus =a collision of a car with a bus汽車和公共汽車相撞

a head-on collision 正面沖突(相撞)b)overboard adv.自船上落下,在船外。E.g.He fell overboard.他從船上掉入水中。A man overboard!有人落水!

第二篇：舊教材試題

舊教材試題：

1、過(guò)度反應(yīng)理論的主要內(nèi)容

行為金融學(xué)中的過(guò)度反應(yīng)理論認(rèn)為，投資者對(duì)于受損失的股票會(huì)變得越來(lái)越悲觀，而對(duì)于獲利的股票會(huì)變得越來(lái)越樂(lè)觀。他們對(duì)于利好的消息和利空消息都會(huì)表現(xiàn)出過(guò)度反應(yīng)。當(dāng)牛市來(lái)臨時(shí)，股票價(jià)格會(huì)不斷上漲，漲到讓人不敢相信，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出上市公司的投資價(jià)值；而當(dāng)熊市來(lái)臨時(shí)，股票價(jià)格會(huì)不斷下跌，直到跌到讓大家無(wú)法接受的程度。之所以出現(xiàn)這種情況，除了投資者的從眾心理在起作用外，還有投資者象普通人一樣的非理性的情緒狀態(tài)，以及由此產(chǎn)生的認(rèn)知偏差。當(dāng)市場(chǎng)價(jià)格持續(xù)上漲時(shí)，投資者會(huì)傾向于越來(lái)越樂(lè)觀。因?yàn)樗麄兊膶?shí)際操作已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了盈利。這種成功的投資行為會(huì)增強(qiáng)其樂(lè)觀的情緒狀態(tài)，在信息加工上將造成選擇性認(rèn)知偏差，即投資者會(huì)對(duì)利好消息過(guò)于敏感，而對(duì)于防空消息表現(xiàn)麻木。這種情緒和認(rèn)知狀態(tài)又會(huì)加強(qiáng)其行為上的買入操作，進(jìn)而形成一種相互加強(qiáng)效應(yīng)或者說(shuō)惡性循環(huán)；而當(dāng)市場(chǎng)價(jià)格持續(xù)下跌時(shí)，情況剛好相反，投資者會(huì)變得越來(lái)越悲觀。因?yàn)樗麄兊膶?shí)際操作已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了虧損，這種失敗的投資操作會(huì)加強(qiáng)其悲觀情緒，同樣會(huì)造成選擇性認(rèn)知偏差，即投資者會(huì)對(duì)利好消息表現(xiàn)麻木。這種情緒和認(rèn)知狀態(tài)又會(huì)加強(qiáng)其行為上的賣出操作，進(jìn)而形成一種相互加強(qiáng)效應(yīng)或者說(shuō)惡性循環(huán)。這就是所謂的過(guò)度反應(yīng)現(xiàn)象。

2，過(guò)度反應(yīng)現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生原因

其一，投資者過(guò)度自信。過(guò)度自信是導(dǎo)致過(guò)度反應(yīng)的根本原因。過(guò)度自信是指人們傾向于過(guò)度相信自己的判斷，而低估這種可能存在的偏差。在經(jīng)驗(yàn)黃精下人們對(duì)自己的判斷一般都會(huì)過(guò)于自信。而過(guò)于自信就會(huì)出現(xiàn)虛假。當(dāng)虛假的結(jié)果重復(fù)呈現(xiàn)在面前時(shí)，人們就會(huì)從中受到強(qiáng)化，其經(jīng)濟(jì)行為表現(xiàn)就是過(guò)度反應(yīng)。其二，羊群行為的影響。羊群行為是指由于受其他投資者采取的某種投資策略，即投資人的選擇完全甚至過(guò)度依賴與輿論，或者說(shuō)投資人的選擇純粹是對(duì)大眾行為的模仿，而不是基于自己所挖掘的信息。簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)就是，他人的行為會(huì)影響個(gè)人發(fā)熱決策并最終的決策結(jié)果造成影響。羊群行為強(qiáng)化了股價(jià)的上升或下跌，直接導(dǎo)致股價(jià)的超漲或超跌等過(guò)度反應(yīng)現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。其三，正反饋交易者。由于正反饋交易者存“與他人相關(guān)”的心理偏差，容易形成羊群行為，從而導(dǎo)致正反反饋交易者采用一種很特殊但也很簡(jiǎn)單的交易策略：在價(jià)格上升時(shí)買進(jìn)，在價(jià)格下跌時(shí)賣出。這種交易策略最終會(huì)強(qiáng)化過(guò)度反應(yīng)的產(chǎn)生。

3、如何利用過(guò)度反應(yīng)理論指導(dǎo)投資操作。

在人們對(duì)信息過(guò)度反應(yīng)的情況下，不妨選擇逆向投資策略。該策略最初有戴偉德瑞曼提出并運(yùn)用，因此，他也被華爾街和新聞媒體稱為逆向投資之父。逆向投資策略是指買進(jìn)過(guò)去2~5年中表現(xiàn)糟糕的股票，并賣出同期表現(xiàn)出色的股票。逆向投資策略的主要依據(jù)是投資者心理的錨定和過(guò)度自信特征。行為金融理論認(rèn)為，由于投資者在實(shí)際投資決策中，往往過(guò)分注重上市公司近期表現(xiàn)的結(jié)果，通過(guò)一種質(zhì)樸策略——也就是簡(jiǎn)單外推的方法，根據(jù)公司的近期表現(xiàn)對(duì)其未來(lái)進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)，從而導(dǎo)致對(duì)公司近期業(yè)績(jī)情況作出持續(xù)過(guò)度反應(yīng)，進(jìn)而形成對(duì)績(jī)差公司股價(jià)的過(guò)分低估和對(duì)績(jī)優(yōu)公司股價(jià)的過(guò)分高估現(xiàn)象，這一點(diǎn)為投資者利用逆向投資策略提供了套利的機(jī)會(huì)。

二、新教材試題

1、請(qǐng)說(shuō)明經(jīng)理人掠奪的主要表現(xiàn)方式。

答：經(jīng)理人掠奪是指經(jīng)理人憑借其管理權(quán)限和負(fù)責(zé)職能，采用多種貌似合理的方法和手段，據(jù)更多財(cái)富為已有的行為。經(jīng)理人掠奪的表現(xiàn)方式分為常規(guī)時(shí)期經(jīng)理人掠奪和金融危機(jī)時(shí)期經(jīng)理人掠奪。（1）常規(guī)時(shí)期經(jīng)理人掠奪方式，主要表現(xiàn)為不顧遠(yuǎn)期風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的擴(kuò)張戰(zhàn)略，以其提高其股權(quán)期權(quán)收益的方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。經(jīng)理人的收入構(gòu)成：收入=工資+獎(jiǎng)金+股權(quán)期權(quán)，其中工資報(bào)酬固定，但獎(jiǎng)金補(bǔ)貼及股權(quán)期權(quán)都是隨銀行機(jī)構(gòu)（企業(yè)）的資產(chǎn)、收入和利潤(rùn)增長(zhǎng)而增加，因此，常規(guī)時(shí)期經(jīng)理人不顧風(fēng)險(xiǎn)創(chuàng)新和擴(kuò)張企業(yè)，使得銀行資產(chǎn)、收入和利潤(rùn)在短期內(nèi)迅速增長(zhǎng)，一方面增加經(jīng)理人獎(jiǎng)金補(bǔ)貼，另一方面推動(dòng)股票價(jià)格上漲，給經(jīng)理人股權(quán)期權(quán)帶來(lái)最大效益的收入。（2）金融危機(jī)時(shí)期的經(jīng)理人掠奪方式，可以說(shuō)是企業(yè)經(jīng)理人通過(guò)制造危機(jī)來(lái)獲得最大收益，達(dá)到掠奪的目的。金融危機(jī)時(shí)期，經(jīng)理人并不對(duì)銀行機(jī)構(gòu)（企業(yè)）前期的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)政策負(fù)責(zé)，只收獲危機(jī)前的收益。金融危機(jī)對(duì)于企業(yè)，要么破產(chǎn)要么度過(guò)危機(jī)；對(duì)于政府而言，或者救助或者放任自由。無(wú)論如何，如果度過(guò)危機(jī)，經(jīng)理人可以索要更加高額的酬薪；而如果企業(yè)破產(chǎn)，經(jīng)理人被解雇時(shí)可以獲得一筆補(bǔ)償，經(jīng)理人損失的只是其聲譽(yù)，但金融危機(jī)時(shí)期經(jīng)理人損失的聲譽(yù)具有系統(tǒng)性，其個(gè)人聲譽(yù)可以忽略不計(jì)，2、試結(jié)合國(guó)外分析我國(guó)有關(guān)部門規(guī)范相關(guān)行業(yè)高管人員薪酬制度的必要性和理論依據(jù)。答：現(xiàn)今我國(guó)有關(guān)部門及時(shí)出臺(tái)相關(guān)政策來(lái)規(guī)范行業(yè)高管人員薪酬具有相當(dāng)?shù)谋匾?，這是因?yàn)椋海?）當(dāng)我國(guó)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)存在居高不下的不良資產(chǎn)率的同時(shí)，金融機(jī)構(gòu)卻是盈利的，以至于金融高管人員分配利潤(rùn)，而不良資產(chǎn)卻留給了社會(huì)公眾（2）金融高管人員通過(guò)從自己參股的金融機(jī)構(gòu)借貸，然后再通過(guò)關(guān)聯(lián)交易的方式，轉(zhuǎn)移資產(chǎn)，當(dāng)金融機(jī)構(gòu)破產(chǎn)時(shí)，企業(yè)貸款也就成為金融機(jī)構(gòu)不良資產(chǎn)的一個(gè)部分，而高管人員卻從中獲得巨大的收益（3）金融高管人員掠奪使得他們獲得巨大的收益，但卻造成金融機(jī)構(gòu)的巨大不良資產(chǎn)漏洞，成為經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的不穩(wěn)定因素，轉(zhuǎn)嫁給了社會(huì)公眾。這些因素促成了我國(guó)有關(guān)部門出臺(tái)相關(guān)制度來(lái)規(guī)范行業(yè)高管人員薪酬的必要性。

3、請(qǐng)從所有者（國(guó)有企業(yè)股東）和政府部門的角度，提出規(guī)范我國(guó)企業(yè)特別是國(guó)有金融企業(yè)高管人員薪酬制度的建議。答：針對(duì)政府、國(guó)有企業(yè)股東、企業(yè)高管三者的利益在金融危機(jī)前的重合使監(jiān)管形同虛設(shè)，金融危機(jī)后，國(guó)有企業(yè)股東損失巨大，而政府的損失更大，從國(guó)有企業(yè)股東和政府部門的角度提出以下幾條規(guī)范企業(yè)高官薪酬制度的建議：

（1）加強(qiáng)民主監(jiān)督，對(duì)企業(yè)高管人員實(shí)施酬薪政策，完善制度，對(duì)高管人員的收益進(jìn)行管理

（2）改變“一股獨(dú)大”的股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)，堵塞漏洞，對(duì)違規(guī)的高管

人員采取更加嚴(yán)厲的懲罰措施

（3）改變壞賬與利潤(rùn)分離的財(cái)務(wù)管理方式，分配利潤(rùn)必須要在以利潤(rùn)沖抵壞賬后方能進(jìn)行

（4）嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行資本監(jiān)管原則，保證資本充足，通過(guò)資本監(jiān)管約

束金融機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)業(yè)務(wù)夸張，同時(shí)限制機(jī)構(gòu)外業(yè)務(wù)過(guò)度膨脹（5）增強(qiáng)金融業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)，防止過(guò)度競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，對(duì)企業(yè)高管人員施

行薪酬限制

第三篇：高中英語(yǔ)之名詞講解

一、名詞：

1、英語(yǔ)名詞可分專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類：

1、專有名詞是個(gè)別的人、地、物、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等的專用名稱。

專有名詞中實(shí)詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫。

如：Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中華人民共和國(guó))

專有名詞如果是含有普通名詞的短語(yǔ),則必須使用定冠詞the。如：the Great Wall(長(zhǎng)城)姓氏名如果采用復(fù)數(shù)形式,則表示該姓氏一家人(復(fù)數(shù)含義),如：the Greens(格林一家人)。

2、普通名詞是許多人或事物的共有名稱。如：pupil, family, man, foot.普通名詞又分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。

▲可數(shù)名詞是可以用簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)詞進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)的名詞,如： box, child, orange；

▲不可數(shù)名詞是不可以用簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)詞進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)的名詞。如：water, news, oil, population,information.2、英語(yǔ)可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)：英語(yǔ)可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。

1、名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的基本方法如下：

①在單數(shù)名詞詞尾加s。如：map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.②s,o,x ,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞加es.如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.[注]：少數(shù)以o結(jié)尾的詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)只加s。如：photo→photos, piano→pianos.③以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i,再加es。如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties.④以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f或fe為v,再加es。如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.2、不規(guī)則變化：man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→

children, ox→oxen, goose→geese

不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,說(shuō)明其數(shù)量時(shí),要用有關(guān)計(jì)量名詞。如：a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.3、名詞所有格：

1、名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,在句中作定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)。其構(gòu)成法如下：

(1)表示人或其它有生命的東西的名詞常在詞尾加’s。如：Childern’s Day(兒童節(jié)), my sister’s book(我姐姐的書)

(2)以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。只在詞尾加’。如：Teachers’ Day(教師節(jié))

(3)有些表示時(shí)間、距離以及世界、國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)等無(wú)生命的名詞,也可在詞尾加’s.如： today’s newspaper(今天的報(bào)紙), ten minutes’ break(十分鐘的課間休息),China’s population(中國(guó)的人口).(4)無(wú)論表示有生命還是無(wú)生命的東西的名詞,一般均可用介詞of短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系。如：

a fine daughter of the Party(黨的好女兒).2、[注解]：

① ‘s還可以表示某人的家或者某個(gè)店鋪,如：my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(診所)② 兩人共有某物時(shí),可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如：Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和麗麗

合住的臥室)

③ “of+名詞所有格/名詞性物主代詞”,稱為雙重所有格,如：a friend of my father’s(我父

親的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)

4、名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)和謂語(yǔ)之間的單復(fù)數(shù)的一致問(wèn)題：

1、主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)基本保持單復(fù)數(shù)的一致,即：主語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

形式：如：The computer was a great invention.(計(jì)算機(jī)是個(gè)了不起的發(fā)明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)

2、集體名詞(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主語(yǔ)時(shí),① 如果表示整體概念,則謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)

② 如果表示其中的所有成員時(shí),則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.(三

班有張中國(guó)地圖)

3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示單個(gè)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),表示許多時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只綿羊)/ There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些綿羊)

4、maths, news等雖然有s結(jié)尾,但不是復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語(yǔ)仍用單數(shù)：The news is very exciting.(這

個(gè)消息令人興奮)

5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如： The trousersareverycheap and I want to take them.(褲子很便宜,我想買)

6、a lot of 后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,跟不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。如：A lot of studentsare playingbaseball now.(現(xiàn)在有許多學(xué)生在打壘球)A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的時(shí)間花在了那個(gè)工作上)(被動(dòng)句)

7、and 連接兩個(gè)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)原則上用復(fù)數(shù),但是兩個(gè)名詞若構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)則用

單數(shù)。如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老師和他的兒子在摘蘋果)/ Fish and chipsisvery famous food.(魚和薯?xiàng)l是一種出名的食品)

8、there be 句型中be的單復(fù)數(shù)一般由靠近的名詞決定。如：There is a table and four chairs

in the room.(房間里有一張桌子和四張椅子)

9、用both?and?連接兩個(gè)事物做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Both you and Iare required

to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都來(lái))

10、主語(yǔ)中含有with的短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)由with之前的人物決定。如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road.(一名婦女帶著一個(gè)七歲的孩子(當(dāng)時(shí))就站在路邊)

11、either?or?或者 neither?nor?連接兩個(gè)人物做句子主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)采用就近原則。如：Either you or he is right.(要么是你對(duì),要么是他對(duì)。/你和他有一個(gè)人是對(duì)的)/ Neither you norIamgoingthere.(你和我都不打算去那里)

12、表示一段時(shí)間或長(zhǎng)度概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。如：Two months is not a short

time.(兩個(gè)月不是個(gè)短時(shí)間)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距離).(兩千千米是相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段距離)

13、主語(yǔ)中含有half of? /(three quarters)of? / all(of)the ?.等詞語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)

數(shù)由名詞確定,如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特網(wǎng)上四分之三以上的信息是用英語(yǔ)寫的)/ A third of the students were playing near the lake.(學(xué)生的三分之一(當(dāng)時(shí))正在湖邊玩耍)/ All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(這些河流中的水已經(jīng)被污染了)(被動(dòng)句)

但是,population一詞又有特殊情況： What’s the population of China?(中國(guó)人口是多

少？)(句子用單數(shù))/ Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(這個(gè)城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用復(fù)數(shù))

5、部分名詞用法辨析：

1、sport、game、match、race 的區(qū)別：sport通常指“戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)”,以鍛煉為主,概念較大；game意思是“運(yùn)動(dòng)、比賽”,不管戶內(nèi)戶外還是腦力體力,指以勝負(fù)為主的運(yùn)動(dòng)；match意為“競(jìng)賽、比賽”,多指正式比賽；race主要表示“賽跑、賽馬、賽車”。如：People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜愛運(yùn)動(dòng))/ The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奧運(yùn)會(huì)將在北京舉行)(被動(dòng)句)/ Our school football team won the league match(聯(lián)賽).(我們學(xué)校足球隊(duì)取得了聯(lián)賽冠軍)/ They were strong and won the boat race.(湯他們很棒,贏得了劃艇比賽)

2、festival、holiday、vacation的區(qū)別：festival“節(jié)日”,指喜慶的日子或持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的文

娛活動(dòng)；holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣,復(fù)數(shù)可以表示一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的假期；vacation“假期”,指學(xué)習(xí)或工作中一段長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的休息。如：The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海電視節(jié)將在下個(gè)月舉行)/ Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是個(gè)假日,多數(shù)人不工作)/ What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays?(在暑期你打算做什么事情？)

3、journey、tour、trip、travel的區(qū)別：journey指在陸地上(或海上或空中)進(jìn)行的長(zhǎng)途旅行,不知終點(diǎn),含有辛苦的意思；tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,強(qiáng)調(diào)游覽多處,常用來(lái)指觀光等；trip通常指往返定時(shí)的短途旅行,如出差度假等；travel多指長(zhǎng)期或長(zhǎng)途的觀光旅行,尤其指到國(guó)外,沒有明確目的地,也作不可數(shù)名詞,指旅行這一行為。如：He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行觀光去了)/ He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好幾次)/ Did you go to Santiago(圣地亞哥)during your travels?(旅行期間你去圣地亞哥了嗎？)/ Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里邊穿行是很危險(xiǎn)的)

4、sound、noise、voice的區(qū)別：sound指各種聲音；noise主要指“噪音”；voice指人的“嗓

音”。如：The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧囂聲讓我徹夜難眠)/ All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然間傳來(lái)幾聲槍響和一聲尖叫)/ The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因?yàn)楦忻暗木壒?這個(gè)歌唱家失去了她銀鈴般的嗓音)

5、fish的問(wèn)題：指許多條魚且不管種類時(shí),用fish,單復(fù)數(shù)相同；fishes 指許多種類的魚；fish

指“魚肉”時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。如：There are many kinds of fishes in the pool.(池子里有很多種類的魚)/ I prefer fish to meat.(與肉相比我更喜歡魚)

二、名詞的數(shù)

1、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞

A、不可數(shù)名詞，初中階段常見的不可數(shù)名詞有：water ； meat ； rice ； bread ； milk ； tea ； orange（桔汁）； fruit ； air ； snow ； chalk； work ； paper（紙）； time（時(shí)間）； music ； weather ； grass ； news ； food ； fish（魚肉）； coke ； porridge ； cake（可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）.不可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1）前無(wú)數(shù)、冠，后無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)；作主語(yǔ)為三單.2）表量用約數(shù)some /any ； much ； a lot of 或用of短語(yǔ)

eg.There is ____ bread on the table.[C]

A.aB.oneC.a piece of D.many

There is some_______ on the plate.[B]

A.appleB.fishC.milksD.deer2、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)

A、不規(guī)則變化：

man—men ； woman—women ；child—children

policeman—policemen

Englishman—Englishmen

Frenchman—Frenchmen

foot—feet ； tooth—teeth mouse（鼠）—mice

B、規(guī)則變化

1）s； sh； ch； x 結(jié)尾加 es讀 [iz]

2）ce； se； ze；（d）ge 結(jié)尾加 s

eg.boxes [b ksiz] blouses [blauziz]

3）f（fe）結(jié)尾則變f（fe）為v加es---讀[vz]

eg.knives [naivz]

4）“輔+y”結(jié)尾變y為i加es 清就清[s]

5）一般加s濁就濁[z]

eg.books[buks] pens[penz] babies[beibiz]

但注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

① potato—potatoes ； tomato—tomatoes

② 單復(fù)同形： fish ； sheep ； deer ； Chinese ； Japanese

③ 由man，woman在詞首構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞應(yīng)將兩部分都變成復(fù)數(shù)

man doctor — men doctors

④ reef—reefs

⑤ “某國(guó)人”的復(fù)數(shù)：中日不變英法變，其余s加后面.eg.German—Germans

⑥ people，police 常用單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)概念 The police are looking for the missing boy.3、名詞所有格：名詞’s（意思是 “??的”）

A.有生命的名詞所有格，一般在后加“’s”但注意：

1）表兩者共有則在后者加“’s”

Lucy and Lily’s father 露西和莉莉的父親

Lucy’s and Lily’s fathers露西的父親和莉莉的父親.2）以s結(jié)尾的詞只加“ ’ ”

eg.1）the boys’ books 2）James’ father

3）無(wú)生命的名詞所有格用of來(lái)引導(dǎo)

eg.the leg of the desk

4）雙重所有格：a friend of my father’s

a friend of mine（√）a friend of my（×）

第四篇：高中英語(yǔ)作文分類講解-------彭

學(xué)海導(dǎo)航：書面表達(dá)：記敘文的寫作技巧

【要點(diǎn)概述】

記敘文是以記人、敘事、寫景、狀物為主要內(nèi)容，以記敘、描寫為主要表達(dá)方式的一種文體。

寫記敘文通常應(yīng)遵循以下幾點(diǎn)：

1．交代要素，即人物(who)、時(shí)間(when)、地點(diǎn)(where)、事件(what)、原因(why)和結(jié)果(how)。在寫高考作文時(shí)，時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等要素一般在提示中或圖片中會(huì)給出，有時(shí)也可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)有關(guān)要素不確定的情況。如果所給的時(shí)間不清楚，可用較為含糊的時(shí)間。

2．寫人時(shí)，要注意介紹人物的身世、經(jīng)歷和事跡等。時(shí)態(tài)的使用：介紹已故人物以過(guò)去時(shí)為主；介紹當(dāng)今人物，敘述現(xiàn)在的情況以現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主，敘述過(guò)去的情況以過(guò)去時(shí)為主。敘事時(shí)，可按事件發(fā)生的先后順序敘述，要寫清事件發(fā)生與發(fā)展的過(guò)程以及事件發(fā)生的前因后果等。所記的都是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，所以原則上通常都是用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

【體驗(yàn)高考】

(2009浙江卷)5月1日，高二(3)班的學(xué)生志愿者LiYue和Zhang Hua去陽(yáng)光敬老院(Sunshine NursingHome)開展志愿者活動(dòng)(送水果、打掃、聊天等)。假如你是校英語(yǔ)報(bào)的記者，請(qǐng)按下列要點(diǎn)用英語(yǔ)寫一則100～120個(gè)詞的新聞報(bào)道。

1．時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、活動(dòng)；

2．老人們的反應(yīng)； 3．簡(jiǎn)短評(píng)論。

注意：報(bào)道的標(biāo)題和記者姓名已給出(不計(jì)詞數(shù))。Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

By Chen Jie，School Newspaper One possible version：

Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly On May Day，Li Yue and Zhang Hua，students ftom Class Three，Grade Two，went to Sunshine Nursing Home and did some voluntary work．Upon their arrival，Li Yue and Zhang Hua were warmly welcomed，and respectfully，they presented the elderly with flowers and fruits．Then，they started working at once，cleaning the windows and sweeping the floor．Everything done，they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people．

When it was time for the volunteers to leave，the elderly people thanked them for their kindness．They said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it foreven Li Yue and Zhang Hua were very happy．What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own 1ives．

By Cheft Jie，School Newspaper 【強(qiáng)化演練】

假設(shè)你是李華，要給英國(guó)筆友Harry寫封信，介紹你班高三最后一次新年聯(lián)歡活動(dòng)和你的感受。請(qǐng)按下圖順序描述。

注意：1．信的開頭已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)； 2．詞數(shù)i00左右。Dear Harry，_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ One possible version： Dear Harry，How are things going?I'm writing to tell you about our New Year’s party．

On the last day of the year 2009，our class held the New Year’S party for the final year of senior high．After lunch，we cleaned our classroom and decorated it with colorful paper ribbons and lamps．And then we arranged the desks and the chairs in a circle where we can put on performances．When the clock began to strike two，our monitor declared the celebration open．After singing and dancing，we played games and exchanged gifts and New Year cards．In the end we wished each other the best luck．We enjoyed ourselves SO much that we didn’t want to say goodbye．What a wonderful party we had，and I will never forget it．

Best wishes，Yours，Li Hua

書面表達(dá)

最近北大推出了知名中學(xué)校長(zhǎng)推薦新生的錄取方式，你班就此展開了激烈的討論，請(qǐng)根據(jù)下表提示，給21世紀(jì)報(bào)中學(xué)生版寫一篇短文，陳述你班的討論結(jié)果，并簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明你自己的觀點(diǎn)。

注意：1．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，使行文連貫。

2．詞數(shù)100左右。

3．參考詞匯：腐敗corruption(n．)Recently，the principals in some key high schools were given the chance to recommend some students to Beij ing University，which arouses a fierce discussion in our class._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ One possible version：

Recently，the principals in some key high schools were given the chance to recommend some students to Beij ing university，which arouses a fierce discussion in our class．The opinions are divided．

Forty percent of the students hold the view that it is a good attempt．In China the entrance examination has been the only way for high school students to enter college for many years，which has a lot of disadvantages and should be changed．More important is that a lot of advanced countries use this way and set us a good example．

However，about forty-five percent of the students think it meaningless．Firstly，it will give the principals much too heavy pressure．Besides，there is no standards to choose suitable students，thus easily leading to corruption．

In my opinion,I agree with the first one.Although it isn’t perfect，it’s a good attempt．

第五篇：北京市高中英語(yǔ)各區(qū)教材版本

北京市高中英語(yǔ)各區(qū)教材版本及課程架構(gòu)和進(jìn)度

一、教材版本

教材版本全稱：

人教——人民教育出版社 教科——教育科學(xué)出版社 北京——北京出版社

浙江——浙江科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社 岳麓——岳麓書社出版社 中圖——中國(guó)地圖出版社 北師——北京師范大學(xué)出版社

人教A和人教B的區(qū)別：基本沒區(qū)別，A版解立體幾何用幾何法，B版用向量法。

二、教學(xué)進(jìn)度

北京主城區(qū)選用了北師大版和人教版的教材。人教版教材分為必修1-6冊(cè)和選修7-8冊(cè)；北師大版教材分為十一個(gè)模塊，必修1-5，其余為選修模塊；特別注意的是選用北師大版教材模塊6雖然為選修，但大多數(shù)學(xué)校會(huì)把其作為必修教材學(xué)習(xí)，有的學(xué)校甚至為擴(kuò)大學(xué)生的詞匯量將模塊7和模塊8列入教學(xué)計(jì)劃。

不論是選用北師大版教材還是人教版教材，一般個(gè)學(xué)校的教學(xué)進(jìn)度為一學(xué)年4本教材，即一學(xué)期2本教材，具體如下;高中一年級(jí)上學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)人教必修1和必修2；北師大版模塊1和模塊2，下學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)人教版必修3和必修4；北師大版模塊3和模塊4。高中二年級(jí)上學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)必修5和必修6；北師大版模塊5和模塊6，下學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)人教版選修7-8；北師大版模塊7和模塊8.高中三年級(jí)大部分學(xué)校進(jìn)入總復(fù)習(xí)，而部分學(xué)校會(huì)將北師大版選修模塊大體學(xué)習(xí)一遍，以擴(kuò)大學(xué)生的詞匯量。

注：有的學(xué)校在高二下學(xué)期后半學(xué)期就進(jìn)入了一輪復(fù)習(xí)，將人教選修7-8和北師大版模塊7-8的內(nèi)容插入復(fù)習(xí)階段貫穿講解。

三、相關(guān)考試

1、各區(qū)的模塊考試（難度：易），部分重點(diǎn)院校同時(shí)會(huì)自主命題考察。

2、各校的月考（難度：中等，重點(diǎn)校難度高）

3、高三春季會(huì)考（難度：易）

4、每年一月份各區(qū)會(huì)有綜合性的期末考試（難度：易）

5、每年的4月份各區(qū)會(huì)有一?？荚嚕y度：中等）

6、每年的5月份各區(qū)會(huì)有二模考試（難度：中等）

7、高考