第一篇：2017高考英語閱讀理解推理判斷題命題方式與技巧點(diǎn)撥(附帶答案)

高三英語閱讀理解推理判斷題命題方式與技巧點(diǎn)撥講課

導(dǎo)入：

高考英語閱讀理解考綱關(guān)于閱讀理解部分考綱要求：

閱讀部分 要求考生能讀懂書、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文段以及公告、說明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息?？忌鷳?yīng)能：（1）理解主旨要義；（2）理解文中具體信息；（3）根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義；（4）做出判斷和推理；（5）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；（6）理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。

高考英語閱讀理解常見的設(shè)題形式有： 細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞意猜測題、主旨大意題。本節(jié)主要解決推理判斷題解題策略。

推理判斷題解題指導(dǎo)：

■考點(diǎn)突破

一、命題方式：

推理判斷是指在理解原文字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上，通過對(duì)語篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，做出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。主要考查考生理清上下文邏輯關(guān)系的能力以及考生的識(shí)別能力。推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，要求考生在遵循原文意義的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)文章字面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘、邏輯推理，揭示其深層含義。

推理判斷題的命題區(qū)間往往出現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：

◆文章或者段落的首尾部分。這一部分往往會(huì)引出文章的主題，總結(jié)全文或者全段內(nèi)容，通常也會(huì)設(shè)計(jì)推理判斷題；

◆引言部分。議論文或者說明文中作者經(jīng)常引用他人語言來支撐自己的觀點(diǎn)，引用的內(nèi)容可能從正面或者反面來支持作者的觀點(diǎn)，引文的字里行間隱含的滲透的內(nèi)容往往也是命題人設(shè)題的依據(jù)；

◆結(jié)論建議處。命題人往往在文章中出現(xiàn)the study suggests, the research indicates, the report shows 等類似結(jié)論、建議性表達(dá)方式時(shí)，此處通常是文章中提到的研究結(jié)果或者報(bào)告的結(jié)論，命題人往往在此設(shè)置推理判斷題

◆表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度處。在作者表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的地方往往設(shè)置推理判斷題。文中出現(xiàn)doubt, appreciate, hate, prefer ,against等表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的部分，以及一些帶有感情色彩的特殊句式，例如感嘆句、反問句等。

1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷

細(xì)節(jié)推斷要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，推斷具體的細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷?？忌盐瘴恼碌膬?nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，然后作出判斷。題干中常出現(xiàn)infer（推斷），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示）.conclude（作出結(jié)論），assume（假定，設(shè)想）等詞。主要設(shè)題方式有：

It can be inferred from the passage that________.The author strongly suggests that________

It can be concluded from the passage that________.The writer implies but not directly states that________ The writer/author indicates/implies/suggests that________ The writer talked about...Because he thought________ 考點(diǎn)1 細(xì)節(jié)推斷題

典例（2016·全國卷3D節(jié)選）

“The ‘ if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media, “ says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.” They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you're feeling.But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react.You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

33.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? A.They're socially inactive.B.They're good at telling stories.C.They're inconsiderate of others.D.They're careful with their words.2.寫作意圖推斷

寫作意圖推斷要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測作者的寫作意圖和寫作手法。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實(shí)，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點(diǎn)。這就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意，而且要具備對(duì)作者闡述問題的方法進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力主要設(shè)題方式有：

What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? The purpose of the text is to get more people to__________ The writer of the story wants to tell us that____________ The fact...Is mentioned by the author to show__________ The author writes the last paragraph in order to________________ 作者寫文章的目的通常有三類（靈活借鑒應(yīng)用）：

(1)to entertain readers(使讀者愉悅、發(fā)笑)： 常見于個(gè)人經(jīng)歷或故事類的文章。(2)to persuade readers(說服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn))：常見于廣告或議論文。廣告是作者要推銷一種產(chǎn)品或一種服務(wù)：吸引更多的游客﹑讀者或訂戶﹑觀眾等。議論文是為了說服讀者接受或贊同某一觀點(diǎn)。

(3)to inform readers(告知讀者某些信息)： 多見于科普類﹑新聞報(bào)道類﹑文化類或社會(huì)類的文章, 以及勸告性或建議性的文章。弄清其寫作目的, 需要找準(zhǔn)主題句, 把握文章主旨。

典例：2016北京卷A節(jié)選）

December 15,2014 Dear Alfred，I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.Growing up, I had people telling me I was too stow, though, with an IQ of 150 + at 17, I’am anything but stupid.The fact was that I was found to have ADHD（注意力缺陷多動(dòng)障礙）.Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.Thank you.You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart.For the first time, I feel good about myself because I m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good.I feel whole.This is why you're saving my life.Yours, Tanis

8）.Tanis wrote this letter in order to__________________ A.explain why she was interested in the computer B.share the ideas she had for her profession C.show how grateful she was to the center D.describe the courses she had taken so far

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷

觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷題考查考生是否了解文章作者或者文中人物對(duì)某事物所持的觀點(diǎn)或者態(tài)度。這就要求考生在正確理解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)觀點(diǎn)或者態(tài)度傾向進(jìn)行分析、識(shí)

別，關(guān)注作者對(duì)人物心理或者細(xì)節(jié)的描寫，對(duì)文章所交代的人或者事情進(jìn)行評(píng)判。主要設(shè)題方式有: The attitude of the author towards something is______________ The writer of the passage seems to think that________________ What's the author's opinion on...?

What do we know about sb.in the passage? Somebody can be said___________.What does the author think about...?

典例（2016·四川卷C節(jié)選）

“I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for almost ten years? ” says Gin.“I' ve been able to keep firm friendships with them.Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment.I don't see it as a lawless land.But rather see it as an area of freedom.”

30）.What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese? A.Cautious.B.Doubtful.C.Uninterested.D.Appreciative.4.文章來源和讀者對(duì)象推斷

推測文章的來源或者讀者對(duì)象要求讀者本身要具備一定的常識(shí)，這樣文章的內(nèi)容才能與讀者本身具備的常識(shí)結(jié)合起來。比如讀者本身要對(duì)報(bào)紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、科普、小說、廣告、說明書、旅游指南等有基本的了解，這樣才能根據(jù)文章的特點(diǎn)對(duì)號(hào)人座，選出正確的答案。舉幾個(gè)例子：1）.報(bào)紙前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱。

2）.廣告因其用詞和格式特殊，客易辨認(rèn)。3）.產(chǎn)品說明器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說明會(huì)告知服用。需要指出的是：有時(shí)命題者為了增加試題的難度，特殊的格式或日期可能不出現(xiàn)，這時(shí)需要根據(jù)文章的題材內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推斷。如果內(nèi)客是發(fā)布新聞，最可能是出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙上；如果是科普讀物，可能是出自科普

雜志上。

主要設(shè)題方式有：

This passage would be most likely to be found in____________ The passage is probably taken out of _____________ Where does this text probably come from?

Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from? The text is intended for_________________.典例：Have you ever dreamed of having a fashionable watch of great value?

A small watchmaker in Switzerland in 1922 designed the first automatic watch to show the day, month, and date...Today, it is so hard to get an original watch that some watch historians are even willing to offer $200,000 for one.These watches attracted a lot of people for their splendid color, fashionable s ty, and new uses in the 1920s...Today, you are offered the same kind of watch with improvement.It has a 24-jewel mechanical movement...You can get the watch either in person or by mail all an affordable price.You will also receive good service from the watch seller.If you are not satisfied with the watch after you get it, you may simply return it within 30 days.Don't miss the chance to realize your dream.題目 The passage is probably taken from a ___________________ A.report

B.magazine C.text book

D.science book

5.推理判斷題選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)

(1)正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn): ◆是“弦外之音°。是立足原文推斷出來的內(nèi)容，不是直接敘述的具體信息；

◆沒有絕對(duì)概念的字眼，如only, never, all absolutely 等。因?yàn)榈耐茢喑鰜淼膬?nèi)容，略有模糊成分，留有余地,通常含有 usually.may, some, might.can，possibly 等同匯.(2)干攏選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn) : ◆張冠李戴。使用了原文出現(xiàn)的詞匯或者句式。但不是本題的內(nèi)容；

◆顛倒是非。選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容涉及了原文中提及的內(nèi)容，但是選項(xiàng)意思與之恰恰相反； ◆無中生有。這類選項(xiàng)往往是基本的生活常識(shí)，觀點(diǎn)是正確的，但不是本文表示的內(nèi)容；

◆擴(kuò)縮范圍。原文中可能出現(xiàn)了almost, all, nearly, more than, normally, usually等詞語對(duì)文章內(nèi)容加以限制，干擾選項(xiàng)改變了原文范圍；

◆曲解文意。根據(jù)文章某一句話或者利用了里面的字間設(shè)計(jì)出選項(xiàng)，看似表達(dá)了文章的意思，實(shí)際上是借題發(fā)揮，曲解了文章原意。

二、技巧點(diǎn)撥

1.領(lǐng)悟隱含意義

“既要理解字面意思，也要理解深層含義?！边@是高考對(duì)閱讀理解能力測試的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。由于某種原因，有的文章作者不能鮮明地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，而將其隱含在字里行間，流露于修辭手法之中。這類題要求考生對(duì)作者這種沒有明確說明的事實(shí)信息和思想傾向做出合理的推斷。讀懂這種“言外之意，弦外之音”要求考生具有無障礙的閱讀能力，”鑼鼓聽音“的敏銳感覺，合理推斷的思維品質(zhì)。做題的關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)題干要求，在原文中找到相關(guān)信息，并依此進(jìn)行推理。

2.理清文章脈絡(luò)

這類題旨在測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局做出合理的推斷，或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)或理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象或事例給以解釋。

考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，充分了解信息，才能弄清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，理清文章脈絡(luò)。在做出推理判斷時(shí)，考生一定要依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或作者的觀點(diǎn)，切忌主觀臆斷，切忌以自己的觀點(diǎn)取代作者的原意。

3.抓住作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)

做此類題目必須通過作者的用詞及敘述口吻等去理解。作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)無非就是三種（1）支持、贊同、樂觀；（2）反對(duì)、批評(píng)、懷疑、悲觀；（3）中立、客觀。作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)常用一些形容詞、副詞和不定意義的動(dòng)詞來表達(dá)，如possible, impossible, seem.strange。此題需要注意的是一定要理清作者所列舉的事例與其觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度是一致的還是相反的。在議論文中，作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度常在末段出現(xiàn)，但有些文章作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度隱含在文章的字里行間，需要通讀全文，才能作出正確的判斷。熟悉一些常見的有關(guān)作者情感、態(tài)度的詞語：

褒義詞：supportive（支持的）；positive（積極的）optimistic（樂觀的）enthusiastic（熱情的）等。

貶義詞：negative（否定的，消極的）ironic（諷刺的）critical（批評(píng)的）disgusted（厭惡的）disappointed（失望的）等。

中性詞：indifferent（漠不關(guān)心的）uninterested（不感興趣的）；objective（客觀的）neutral中立的）等。當(dāng)堂分類檢測

1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding----undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week.In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海灘), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.13）.What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?

A.They were made last week

B.They showed undersea sceneries

C.They were found by a cameraman

D.They recorded a disastrous adventure

2.寫作意圖推斷

Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices in different cultures.They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptions---mistaken ideas.One cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism, the belief that one’s own culture’s way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures.It’s ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business.To avoid ethnocentrism, it’s necessary to study the different elements(組成部分)of culture: language, values and attitudes, and customs and manners.A knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways.…

Values are people’s basic beliefs about the difference between right and wrong, good and bad.An attitude is a way of thinking or acting.Values and attitudes influence international business.…

Customs are common social practices.Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite.…

64）.The author’s purpose of writing this article is to tell people _________.how to take a right attitude in business

B.how to avoid misunderstandings in business C.how to use a local language in business D.how to act politely and properly in business

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷再提醒：

這類試題的題干中常有the writer’s attitude toward(s), The author thoughts/ think(s), According to the author, What does the author think about?等。

作者的態(tài)度、傾向是指作者對(duì)陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)還是猶豫不定，對(duì)記敘或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語之中。因此，在推斷過程中，應(yīng)特 別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞及所舉的例子，推斷出作者的弦外之音。干擾項(xiàng)具有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：

(1)可能是考生自己的某種觀點(diǎn)。(易誤選)(2)社會(huì)普遍的一種傾向，文中沒有信息支持。(3)與本文無關(guān)或與作者相反的觀點(diǎn)等。

此外，還要注意區(qū)分作者態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)與引用的別人的態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷

It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied.The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr.Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night.I've never heard anything soridiculous.Baby feeding shouldn't follow a timetable set by the mum.What is important is feeding a baby in the best way，though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.題目：What does the author think about Dr.Frederic Truby King? A．He is strict.B．He is unkind.C．He has the wrong idea.D．He sets a timetable for mothers.4.文章來源和讀者對(duì)象推斷

The Basics of Math—Made Clear [1]Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics，as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas.These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代數(shù))and beyond....[7]If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you，you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer.Or you can get your money back.題目： 59）．Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A．A news report.B．A book review.C．A lesson plan.D．An advertisement.5.綜合訓(xùn)練

Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(難為情)when they're in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn't have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it's time to repaint, go blue.Don't forget the clock—or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while you're at it, actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(攝入)jumps by 14 percent.And we'll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.（）1.The text is especially helpful for those who care about ________.A．their home comforts C．house buying

B．their body shape D．healthy diets（）2.A home environment in blue can help people ________.A．digest food better C．burn more calories

B．reduce food intake D．regain their appetites（）3.What are people advised to do at mealtimes? A．Eat quickly.C．Use smaller spoons.B．Play fast music.D．Turn down the lights.（）4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Is Your House Making You Fat? B．Ways of Serving Dinner C．Effects of Self-Consciousness D．Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?

高三英語閱讀理解推理判斷題命題方式與技巧點(diǎn)撥

導(dǎo)入：

高考英語閱讀理解考綱關(guān)于閱讀理解部分考綱要求：

閱讀部分 要求考生能讀懂書、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文段以及公告、說明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息?？忌鷳?yīng)能：（1）理解主旨要義；（2）理解文中具體信息；（3）根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義；（4）做出判斷和推理；（5）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；（6）理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。

高考英語閱讀理解常見的設(shè)題形式有： 細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞意猜測題、主旨大意題。本節(jié)主要解決推理判斷題解題策略。

推理判斷題解題指導(dǎo)：

■考點(diǎn)突破

一、命題方式：

推理判斷是指在理解原文字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上，通過對(duì)語篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，做出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。主要考查考生理清上下文邏輯關(guān)系的能力以及考生的識(shí)別能力。推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，要求考生在遵循原文意義的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)文章字面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘、邏輯推理，揭示其深層含義。

推理判斷題的命題區(qū)間往往出現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：

◆文章或者段落的首尾部分。這一部分往往會(huì)引出文章的主題，總結(jié)全文或者全段內(nèi)容，通常也會(huì)設(shè)計(jì)推理判斷題；

◆引言部分。議論文或者說明文中作者經(jīng)常引用他人語言來支撐自己的觀點(diǎn)，引用的內(nèi)容可能從正面或者反面來支持作者的觀點(diǎn)，引文的字里行間隱含的滲透的內(nèi)容往往也是命題人設(shè)題的依據(jù)；

◆結(jié)論建議處。命題人往往在文章中出現(xiàn)the study suggests, the research indicates, the report shows 等類似結(jié)論、建議性表達(dá)方式時(shí)，此處通常是文章中提到的研究結(jié)果或者報(bào)告的結(jié)論，命題人往往在此設(shè)置推理判斷題

◆表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度處。在作者表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的地方往往設(shè)置推理判斷題。文中出現(xiàn)doubt, appreciate, hate, prefer ,against等表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的部分，以及一些帶有感情色彩的特殊句式，例如感嘆句、反問句等。

1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷

細(xì)節(jié)推斷要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，推斷具體的細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷?？忌盐瘴恼碌膬?nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，然后作出判斷。題干中常出現(xiàn)infer（推斷），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示）.conclude（作出結(jié)論），assume（假定，設(shè)想）等詞。主要設(shè)題方式有： It can be inferred from the passage that________.The author strongly suggests that________

It can be concluded from the passage that________.The writer implies but not directly states that________ The writer/author indicates/implies/suggests that________ The writer talked about...Because he thought________ 考點(diǎn)1 細(xì)節(jié)推斷題

典例（2016·全國卷3D節(jié)選）

“The ‘ if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media, ” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“ They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you're feeling.But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react.You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

33.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? A.They're socially inactive.B.They're good at telling stories.C.They're inconsiderate of others.D.They're careful with their words.2.寫作意圖推斷

寫作意圖推斷要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測作者的寫作意圖和寫作手法。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實(shí)，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點(diǎn)。這就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意，而且要具備對(duì)作者闡述問題的方法進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力主要設(shè)題方式有：

What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? The purpose of the text is to get more people to__________ The writer of the story wants to tell us that____________ The fact...Is mentioned by the author to show__________ The author writes the last paragraph in order to________________ 作者寫文章的目的通常有三類（靈活借鑒應(yīng)用）：

(1)to entertain readers(使讀者愉悅、發(fā)笑)： 常見于個(gè)人經(jīng)歷或故事類的文章。(2)to persuade readers(說服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn))：常見于廣告或議論文。廣告是作者要推銷一種產(chǎn)品或一種服務(wù)：吸引更多的游客﹑讀者或訂戶﹑觀眾等。議論文是為了說服讀者接受或贊同某一觀點(diǎn)。

(3)to inform readers(告知讀者某些信息)： 多見于科普類﹑新聞報(bào)道類﹑文化類或社會(huì)類的文章, 以及勸告性或建議性的文章。弄清其寫作目的, 需要找準(zhǔn)主題句, 把握文章主旨。

典例：2016北京卷A節(jié)選）

December 15,2014

Dear Alfred, I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.Growing up, I had people telling me I was too stow, though, with an IQ of 150 + at 17, I’am anything but stupid.The fact was that I was found to have ADHD（注意力缺陷多動(dòng)障礙）.Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.Thank you.You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart.For the first time, I feel good about myself because I m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good.I feel whole.This is why you're saving my life.Yours, Tanis

8.Tanis wrote this letter in order to__________________ A.explain why she was interested in the computer B.share the ideas she had for her profession C.show how grateful she was to the center D.describe the courses she had taken so far

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷

觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷題考查考生是否了解文章作者或者文中人物對(duì)某事物所持的觀點(diǎn)或者態(tài)度。這就要求考生在正確理解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)觀點(diǎn)或者態(tài)度傾向進(jìn)行分析、識(shí)

別，關(guān)注作者對(duì)人物心理或者細(xì)節(jié)的描寫，對(duì)文章所交代的人或者事情進(jìn)行評(píng)判。主要設(shè)題方式有: The attitude of the author towards something is______________ The writer of the passage seems to think that________________ What's the author's opinion on...?

What do we know about sb.in the passage? Somebody can be said___________.What does the author think about...?

典例（2016·四川卷C節(jié)選）

”I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for almost ten years? “ says Gin.”I' ve been able to keep firm friendships with them.Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment.I don't see it as a lawless land.But rather see it as an area of freedom.“

30.What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese? A.Cautious.B.Doubtful.C.Uninterested.D.Appreciative.4.文章來源和讀者對(duì)象推斷

推測文章的來源或者讀者對(duì)象要求讀者本身要具備一定的常識(shí)，這樣文章的內(nèi)容才 能與讀者本身具備的常識(shí)結(jié)合起來。比如讀者本身要對(duì)報(bào)紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、科普、小說、廣告、說明書、旅游指南等有基本的了解，這樣才能根據(jù)文章的特點(diǎn)對(duì)號(hào)人座，選出正確的答案。舉幾個(gè)例子：1）.報(bào)紙前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱。

2）.廣告因其用詞和格式特殊，客易辨認(rèn)。3）.產(chǎn)品說明器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說明會(huì)告知服用。需要指出的是：有時(shí)命題者為了增加試題的難度，特殊的格式或日期可能不出現(xiàn)，這時(shí)需要根據(jù)文章的題材內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推斷。如果內(nèi)客是發(fā)布新聞，最可能是出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙上；如果是科普讀物，可能是出自科普

雜志上。

主要設(shè)題方式有：

This passage would be most likely to be found in____________ The passage is probably taken out of _____________ Where does this text probably come from?

Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from? The text is intended for_________________.典例：Have you ever dreamed of having a fashionable watch of great value?

A small watchmaker in Switzerland in 1922 designed the first automatic watch to show the day, month, and date...Today, it is so hard to get an original watch that some watch historians are even willing to offer $200,000 for one.These watches attracted a lot of people for their splendid color, fashionable s ty, and new uses in the 1920s...Today, you are offered the same kind of watch with improvement.It has a 24-jewel mechanical movement...You can get the watch either in person or by mail all an affordable price.You will also receive good service from the watch seller.If you are not satisfied with the watch after you get it, you may simply return it within 30 days.Don't miss the chance to realize your dream.題目 The passage is probably taken from a ___________________ A.report

B.magazine C.text book

D.science book

5.推理判斷題選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)

(1)正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn): ◆是”弦外之音°。是立足原文推斷出來的內(nèi)容，不是直接敘述的具體信息；

◆沒有絕對(duì)概念的字眼，如only, never, all absolutely 等。因?yàn)榈耐茢喑鰜淼膬?nèi)容，略有模糊成分，留有余地,通常含有 usually.may, some, might.can，possibly 等同匯.(2)干攏選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn) : ◆張冠李戴。使用了原文出現(xiàn)的詞匯或者句式。但不是本題的內(nèi)容；

◆顛倒是非。選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容涉及了原文中提及的內(nèi)容，但是選項(xiàng)意思與之恰恰相反； ◆無中生有。這類選項(xiàng)往往是基本的生活常識(shí)，觀點(diǎn)是正確的，但不是本文表示的 內(nèi)容；

◆擴(kuò)縮范圍。原文中可能出現(xiàn)了almost, all, nearly, more than, normally, usually等詞語對(duì)文章內(nèi)容加以限制，干擾選項(xiàng)改變了原文范圍；

◆曲解文意。根據(jù)文章某一句話或者利用了里面的字間設(shè)計(jì)出選項(xiàng)，看似表達(dá)了文章的意思，實(shí)際上是借題發(fā)揮，曲解了文章原意。

二、技巧點(diǎn)撥

1.領(lǐng)悟隱含意義

“既要理解字面意思，也要理解深層含義?！边@是高考對(duì)閱讀理解能力測試的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。由于某種原因，有的文章作者不能鮮明地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，而將其隱含在字里行間，流露于修辭手法之中。這類題要求考生對(duì)作者這種沒有明確說明的事實(shí)信息和思想傾向做出合理的推斷。讀懂這種“言外之意，弦外之音”要求考生具有無障礙的閱讀能力，“鑼鼓聽音”的敏銳感覺，合理推斷的思維品質(zhì)。做題的關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)題干要求，在原文中找到相關(guān)信息，并依此進(jìn)行推理。

2.理清文章脈絡(luò)

這類題旨在測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局做出合理的推斷，或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)或理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象或事例給以解釋。

考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，充分了解信息，才能弄清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，理清文章脈絡(luò)。在做出推理判斷時(shí)，考生一定要依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或作者的觀點(diǎn)，切忌主觀臆斷，切忌以自己的觀點(diǎn)取代作者的原意。

3.抓住作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)

做此類題目必須通過作者的用詞及敘述口吻等去理解。作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)無非就是三種（1）支持、贊同、樂觀；（2）反對(duì)、批評(píng)、懷疑、悲觀；（3）中立、客觀。作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)常用一些形容詞、副詞和不定意義的動(dòng)詞來表達(dá)，如possible, impossible, seem.strange。此題需要注意的是一定要理清作者所列舉的事例與其觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度是一致的還是相反的。在議論文中，作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度常在末段出現(xiàn)，但有些文章作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度隱含在文章的字里行間，需要通讀全文，才能作出正確的判斷。熟悉一些常見的有關(guān)作者情感、態(tài)度的詞語：

褒義詞：supportive（支持的）；positive（積極的）optimistic（樂觀的）enthusiastic（熱情的）等。

貶義詞：negative（否定的，消極的）ironic（諷刺的）critical（批評(píng)的）disgusted（厭惡的）disappointed（失望的）等。

中性詞：indifferent（漠不關(guān)心的）uninterested（不感興趣的）；objective（客觀的）neutral中立的）等。

當(dāng)堂分類檢測

1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding----undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week.In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海灘), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.13.What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?

A.They were made last week

B.They showed undersea sceneries

C.They were found by a cameraman

D.They recorded a disastrous adventure

2.寫作意圖推斷

Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices in different cultures.They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptions---mistaken ideas.One cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism, the belief that one’s own culture’s way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures.It’s ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business.To avoid ethnocentrism, it’s necessary to study the different elements(組成部分)of culture: language, values and attitudes, and customs and manners.A knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways.…

Values are people’s basic beliefs about the difference between right and wrong, good and bad.An attitude is a way of thinking or acting.Values and attitudes influence international business.…

Customs are common social practices.Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite.…

64.The author’s purpose of writing this article is to tell people _________.how to take a right attitude in business

B.how to avoid misunderstandings in business C.how to use a local language in business D.how to act politely and properly in business

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷再提醒：

這類試題的題干中常有the writer’s attitude toward(s), The author thoughts/ think(s), According to the author, What does the author think about?等。

作者的態(tài)度、傾向是指作者對(duì)陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)還是猶豫不定，對(duì)記敘或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語之中。因此，在推斷過程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞及所舉的例子，推斷出作者的弦外之音。干擾項(xiàng)具有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：(1)可能是考生自己的某種觀點(diǎn)。(易誤選)(2)社會(huì)普遍的一種傾向，文中沒有信息支持。(3)與本文無關(guān)或與作者相反的觀點(diǎn)等。

此外，還要注意區(qū)分作者態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)與引用的別人的態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)。

It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied.The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr.Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night.I've never heard anything soridiculous.Baby feeding shouldn't follow a timetable set by the mum.What is important is feeding a baby in the best way，though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.題目：What does the author think about Dr.Frederic Truby King? A．He is strict.B．He is unkind.C．He has the wrong idea.D．He sets a timetable for mothers.4.文章來源和讀者對(duì)象推斷

The Basics of Math—Made Clear [1]Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics，as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas.These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代數(shù))and beyond....[7]If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you，you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer.Or you can get your money back.題目：

59．Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A．A news report.B．A book review.C．A lesson plan.D．An advertisement.【解析】 D。文章來源推斷題。根據(jù)文章的標(biāo)題和語氣，以及文章最后一段“要是我們的課程不能讓你完全滿意，你可以換成我們所提供的其他課程，或者是直接退款”可以看出這篇文章來源于一則廣告。故選D。

5.綜合訓(xùn)練

Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(難為情)when they're in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn't have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it's time to repaint, go blue.Don't forget the clock—or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while you're at it, actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(攝入)jumps by 14 percent.And we'll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.（）1.The text is especially helpful for those who care about ________.A．their home comforts C．house buying

B．their body shape D．healthy diets（）2.A home environment in blue can help people ________.A．digest food better C．burn more calories

B．reduce food intake D．regain their appetites（）3.What are people advised to do at mealtimes? A．Eat quickly.C．Use smaller spoons.B．Play fast music.D．Turn down the lights.（）4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Is Your House Making You Fat? B．Ways of Serving Dinner C．Effects of Self-Consciousness D．Is Your Home Environment Relaxing? 【主旨大意】 本文向我們介紹了家居環(huán)境對(duì)我們飲食的影響，然后給出了如何通過 改變房間光線、墻壁的顏色、餐具的大小等來控制飲食，從而保持體型的建議。

1．【答案】B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Your house may have an effect on your figure.(你的房子可能會(huì)對(duì)你的體型有影響。)”和第二句“?the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off(你設(shè)計(jì)房子的方式對(duì)你是增肥還是減肥會(huì)起作用。)”可以推斷文章尤其對(duì)那些在乎外形的人有幫助，故選B項(xiàng)。

2．【答案】B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在藍(lán)色房間內(nèi)吃飯的人要比在黃色或紅色房間內(nèi)吃飯的人少吃33%的食物，這和B項(xiàng)意思相符，故選B項(xiàng)。

3．【答案】C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第四句“When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(攝入)jumps by 14 percent.”可知，當(dāng)我們用大湯匙的時(shí)候，攝入的總量要比使用小湯匙多14%，所以作者建議我們要想保持體型，就應(yīng)該用較小的湯匙，故選C項(xiàng)。

4．【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意題。文章開篇點(diǎn)題“Your house may have an effect on your figure，”然后從專家的角度進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的說明“the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off，”并給那些想減肥的人士提了一些房間布置的建議，故選A項(xiàng)。

第二篇：高考語文詩歌鑒賞技巧與理解

面對(duì)高考語文詩歌鑒賞題，你要對(duì)作者所處朝代以及作品風(fēng)格進(jìn)行回憶，對(duì)詩題中的人和事進(jìn)行分析，通過逐字翻譯的手法對(duì)詩句大意進(jìn)行理解。一般情況下，高考語文詩歌鑒賞中的詩詞主旨和意境都在最后兩句，這兩句一般是議論或抒情。

【古詩鑒賞表述】這首詩采用了什么（表達(dá)方式、修辭手法、表現(xiàn)手法）技法，寫出了（意象）的（某某）特點(diǎn)，表現(xiàn)了（突出了）（某某）思想、感情，起到了（某某）作用。

【表達(dá)方式有】敘述、描寫、抒情、議論。（說明）

【語言特點(diǎn)有】含蓄、幽默、風(fēng)趣、直露、平實(shí)、典雅、粗俗、自然、清新、優(yōu)美、質(zhì)樸等。

【修辭手法有】比喻、比擬、夸張、對(duì)偶、排比、反復(fù)等。

【表現(xiàn)手法有】象征、襯托、對(duì)比、想象、聯(lián)想、照應(yīng)、借景抒情、寓情于景、托物言志等。

【意象有】作品中具體的人、物、景等。

【思想感情】迷戀、憂愁、惆悵、寂寞、傷感、孤獨(dú)、煩悶、恬淡、閑適、歡樂、仰慕、激憤，堅(jiān)守節(jié)操、憂國憂民等。

【作用】深化意境深化主旨意境深遠(yuǎn)意境優(yōu)美意味深長耐人尋味言近旨遠(yuǎn)等。

【特別注意】看注解，看題目，看作者等有效信息。

①認(rèn)真研究古詩的題目，有的題目實(shí)際上就概括了詩的主要內(nèi)容。或者給你理解該詩提供了感情基調(diào)。

②賞析詩句時(shí)注意用詞的巧妙、修辭手法及其作用（尤其是常見8種修辭）。

③仔細(xì)閱讀全詩，注意詩中出現(xiàn)的意象（即描寫的對(duì)象），調(diào)動(dòng)常識(shí)儲(chǔ)備，揣摩形象的象征意味。

④評(píng)價(jià)要恰當(dāng)，嚴(yán)禁人為拔高。圍繞人之常情考慮詩歌的感情基調(diào)。

⑤儲(chǔ)備一些詩歌鑒賞中常用的名詞術(shù)語，要敢于大膽使用，不懂也要裝懂。

★有千古名句的要注意名句對(duì)全詩的作用及其在全詩中的分量；注意時(shí)代對(duì)作家的影響（如南宋的愛國思想，明末清初的抗清復(fù)明等）；注意前后期風(fēng)格變化大的作家（如南唐后主李煜，宋代女詞人李清照）。

第三篇：高考英語閱讀理解練習(xí)題及答案

學(xué)校網(wǎng)址： http://tygdedu.keaedu.com/

高考英語閱讀理解練習(xí)題及答案(5)

The fiddler crab(蟹)is a living clock.It indicates(=shows)the time of day by the colour of its skin, which is dark by day and pale by night.The crab’s changing colour follows a regular twenty—four hour plan that exactly matches the daily rhythm(節(jié)奏)of the sun.Does the crab actually keep time, or does its skin simply answer to the sun’s rays, changing colour according to the amount of light strikes it? To find out, biologists kept crabs in a dark room for two months.Even without daylight, the crab’s skin colour continued to change exactly on time.This characteristic(特性)probably developed gradually in answer to the daily rising and setting of the sun, to help protect the crab from sunlight and enemies.After millions of years it has become completely regulated(受控制)inside the living body of the crab.The biologists noticed that once each day the colour of the fiddler crab is especially dark, and that each day this happens fifty minutes later than on the day before.From this they discovered that each crab follows not only the rhythm of the sun but also that of the tides(潮水).The crab’s period of greatest darkening is exactly the time of low tide on the beach where it was cought!

1.The fiddler crab is like a clock because it changes colour ______.A in a regular 24—hour rhythm B.in answer to the sun’s rays

C.at low tide D.every fifty minutes

第四篇：高考英語閱讀理解練習(xí)題及答案

學(xué)校網(wǎng)址： http://tygdedu.keaedu.com/

高考英語閱讀理解練習(xí)題及答案(1)

In the United States, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it.And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is.That is what ‘keeping up with the Joneses’ is about, It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbours.The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand.He told this story about himself.He began earning $ 125 a week at the age of 23.That was a lot of money in those days.He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City.When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horseback riding every day.When he saw that rich people had servants.Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbours.It was like a race, but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up.The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life.They moved back to an apartment(公寓房間)in New York City.Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich life--style of their neighbours.He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series(系列)of short stories, He called it ‘Keeping up with the Joneses’ because ‘Jones’ is a very common name in the United States.’ Keeping up with the Joneses’ came to mean keeping up with rich

學(xué)校網(wǎng)址： http://tygdedu.keaedu.com/

C.an area near the place referred to D.an area in another town or city

4.Arthur Momand used the name ‘Jones’ in his series of short stories because’ Jones’ is ________.A.an important name B.a popular name in the United States

C.his neighbour’s name D.not a good name

5.According to the writer, it is to keep up with the Joneses.A.correct B.interesting C.impossible D.good

答案：

1B 2 A 3 C 4 B 5 C

文檔來源：工大教育網(wǎng)絡(luò)編輯部

第五篇：高考英語習(xí)俗閱讀理解及答案

An important question about eating out is who pays for the meal.If a friend of yours asks you to have lunch with him.You may say something like this, “I’m afraid it’ll have to be some place cheap, as I have very little money.” The other person may say, “OK, I’ll meet you at McDonald’s.” This means that two agree to go Dutch, that is, each person pays for himself.He may also say, “Oh, no.I want to take you to lunch at Johnson’s”, or “I want you to try the steak(牛排)there.It’s great.” This means the person wants to pay for both of you.If you feel friendly towards this person, you can go with him and you needn’t pay for the meal.You may just say, “Thank you.That would be very nice.” American customs about who pays for dates(約會(huì))are much the same as in other parts of the world.In the old days, American women wanted men to pay for all the meals.But, today, a university girl or a woman in the business world will usually pay her own way during the day.If a man asks her to dinner or a dance outside the working hours, it means “come as my guest”.So as you can see, it is a polite thing to make the question clear at the very beginning.1.In the old days _______ often paid for all the meals.A.women

B.men

C.university students

D.businessmen

2.“To go Dutch” means to _______.A.go to play outside

B.eat out

C.pay for oneself

D.go to a cheaper eating place

3.“McDonald’s” here means _______.A.a tea house

B.a gate

C.an office

D.an eating place

4.If you feel friendly to the person, _______.A.you should pay for him

B.you needn’t pay for him

C.you can accept his invitation

D.you can’t accept his invitation

5.We’d better know who will pay for the meal _______.A.at the beginning

B.at the end

C.in the middle of the meal

D.after drinking

【答案與解析】本文向我們介紹了有關(guān)朋友一起吃飯誰付賬的約定俗成的習(xí)慣。

1.B。推理判斷題。根據(jù) In the old days, American women wanted men to pay for all the meals可知答案為B。

2.C。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) this means that two agree to go Dutch, that is, each person pays for himself可知答案為C。

3.D。推理判斷題。根據(jù) I’m afraid it’ll have to be some place cheap, as I have very little money.The other person may say, “OK, I will meet you at McDonald’s I’m afraid it’ll haimes 可推知McDonald’s是個(gè)吃東西的地方，因此答案為D。

4.C。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) If you feel friendly towards this person, you can go with him and you needn’t pay for the meal可知答案為C可知。

5.A。推理判斷題。根據(jù) An important question about eating out is who pays for the meal.If a friend of yours asks you to have lunch with him.You may say something like this…可知在吃飯前弄清楚誰買單是非常必要的，因此答案為A。