第一篇：2014中考英語(yǔ)分類復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí) 動(dòng)詞部分用法詳解[來源：學(xué)優(yōu)中考網(wǎng)67072]剖析

初中英語(yǔ)分類練習(xí)——?jiǎng)釉~部分

【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】

▲弄清動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，掌握常用的八種時(shí)態(tài)。 【課前準(zhǔn)備】

●在分類記憶動(dòng)詞的基礎(chǔ)上，復(fù)習(xí)八種時(shí)態(tài)。 【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)】

英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，但初中階段常用的有八種，即：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的形式

主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，在動(dòng)詞原形后加s或es: I work You work He works She works It works We work You work They work

（二）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法 1． 永恒的真理

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以用于陳述永恒的真理 Summer follows spring.2． “現(xiàn)在時(shí)段”

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以陳述現(xiàn)在時(shí)段內(nèi)發(fā)生或存在的事件、動(dòng)作或情況。這些事件、動(dòng)作或情景說不定會(huì)無(wú)限期的延續(xù)下去。但實(shí)際上，我們的意思則是在說“這是現(xiàn)在存在著的狀況”。My father works in a bank.My sister wears glasses.3．習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以帶時(shí)間副詞或不帶時(shí)間副詞表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，即不斷重復(fù)發(fā)生的事。I get up at 7.John smokes a lot.使用帶不定頻度副詞（如：always,never等）或帶副詞短語(yǔ)（如：every day等）的一半現(xiàn)在時(shí)可使習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作表現(xiàn)得更加明確。I sometimes stay up till midnight.She visits her parents every day.在以How often 開頭的問句及答句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在是：

How often do you go to the dentist? – I go every six months.4． 表示將來 這種用法往往用于談?wù)摃r(shí)間表、節(jié)目單或日程表上所安排好的事情的時(shí)候： The exhibition opens on January 1st and closes on January 31st.The concert begins at 7.30 and ends at 9.30.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

（一）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由be的現(xiàn)在式+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。I am You are He is She is It is We are You are They are

I’m You’re He’s She’s It’s We’re You’re They’re

（二）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 1． 說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或事件。往往與now, at the moment, just等副詞連用，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)：

Someone’s knocking at the door.Can you answer it ? 有人敲門，你去開一下好嗎？

What are you doing ? — I ‘m just tying up my shoe-laces.你在干什么？——我在系鞋帶。

He’s working at the moment ,so he can’t come to the telephone.他現(xiàn)在在工作，所以不能來接電話。

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作皆被視為未完成的動(dòng)作：

He ‘s talking to his girlfriend on the phone.他正在和他的女朋友通電話。

可用still 一詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性

He’s still talking to his girlfriend on the phone.他仍在和他的女朋友通話。2． 暫時(shí)情況

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來表示不會(huì)長(zhǎng)期發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，或被認(rèn)為在短期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況。

What’s your daughter doing these days ? — She’s studying English at Durham University.你女兒現(xiàn)在在干什么？—— 她在達(dá)勒姆大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。這種情況不一定在說話時(shí)發(fā)生：

Don’t take that ladder away.Your father’s using it.別把梯子拿起，你父親在用哩。（即不一定現(xiàn)在在用。）She’s at her best when she’s making big decisions.當(dāng)做出最大決定時(shí)，她處于最佳狀態(tài)。

暫時(shí)發(fā)生的事情也可以是在說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行著：

The river is flowing very fast after last night’s rain.昨夜下過雨后，河水流速很快?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也用來表示當(dāng)前的動(dòng)向：

People are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days.如今人們對(duì)吸煙較為難以忍受了。3． 事先計(jì)劃好的動(dòng)作：指將來

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示為將來安排好的活動(dòng)和事件；除在上下文中意思清楚者外，通常需要一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)：

We’re spending next winter in Australia.我們將要在澳大利亞度過明年冬天。

用arrive ,come, go ,leave 等動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)描寫行程安排，也通常有“將到達(dá)”和“將離去”的意思。

He’s arriving tomorrow morning on the 13.27 train.明天早上他將乘13時(shí)27分的火車到達(dá)。

用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作時(shí)，可用狀語(yǔ)和上下文使語(yǔ)義不致含混： Look!The train’s leaving.看！火車開了。（即火車實(shí)際上正在開動(dòng)）4． 重復(fù)的動(dòng)作

副詞 always, constantly ,continually ,forever ,perpetually ,repeatedly 等等可與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，表示不斷重復(fù)的動(dòng)作： She’s always helping people.他經(jīng)常幫助別人。

某些狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞帶有always 等次也可用進(jìn)行時(shí)：

I’m always hearing strange stories about him.我常聽說關(guān)于他的一些怪事。

當(dāng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某事發(fā)生的次數(shù)過多時(shí)，則有時(shí)含有抱怨的意思： Our burglar alarm is forever going off for no reason.我們的防盜警報(bào)器不知怎么常常失靈。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來解說當(dāng)時(shí)發(fā)生的事件，特別是在電臺(tái)和電視廣播中。在這種情況下，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用來表示說話時(shí)剛完成的快速動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)則常用來描述持續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作：

MacFee passes to Franklyn, Franklyn makes a quick pass to Booth.Booth is away with the ball ,but he ‘s losing his advantage.麥克菲把球傳給富蘭克林，富蘭克林快傳給布恩，布恩帶球跑開，但他處境不利。2 在師范和使用說明中使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的這種用法是祈使語(yǔ)氣的另一種表示方式。它說明每一步應(yīng)該怎樣做：

First you boil some water.Then you warm the teapot.Then you add three teaspoons of tea.Next ,you pour on boiling water.你先燒些開水，然后把茶壺燙熱，接著放三勺茶葉，隨后沖入開水? 3 內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：

Kate Fox’s novel is an historical romance set in London in the 1880’s.The action takes place over a period of 30 years ?

凱特.福克斯的小說是一部以1880年的倫敦為背景的歷史傳奇。情節(jié)的跨度有30年? 4 報(bào)刊標(biāo)題、圖片文字說明等用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 這種一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常以表示過去發(fā)生的事件： FREAK SNOW STOPS TRAFFIC 反常的大雪使交通斷絕

一般將來時(shí)

一般將來時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞shall/will加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。shall(用于第一人稱，will用于任何人稱。表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時(shí)間連用。如：tomorrow, next week等。但在表示準(zhǔn)備、計(jì)劃、打算做某事時(shí)，常用be going to加動(dòng)詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：We're going to see Uncle Wang tomorrow.1)shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。

will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭(zhēng)求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。Which paragraph shall I read first？

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2)be going to +不定式，表示將來。a.主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。

What are you going to do tomorrow? b.計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。

The play is going to be produced next month。c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事

Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3)be +不定式表將來，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4)be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

一般過去時(shí)

一般過去時(shí)由動(dòng)詞的過去式表示，表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。過去式分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。

一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成： a.be動(dòng)詞過去式的句式。否定句是在was/were后面加not，was not(wasn't)/were not(weren't)。一般疑問句是把was / were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大寫。b.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞過去式的句式。

①肯定式：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過去式+其它。如：They had a good time yesterday.②否定式：主語(yǔ)+did not(didn't)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：They didn't watch TV last night.③一般疑問句：Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？肯定回答：Yes，主語(yǔ)+did.否定回答：No，主語(yǔ)+didn't.如：Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes，they did./ No，they didn't.④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？如：What time did you finish your homework? 一般過去時(shí)的用法： ①一般過去時(shí)的基本用法

a)表示過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。He suddenly fell ill yesterday.昨天他突然生病了。

The engine stopped because the fuel was used up.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)因燃料用光而停機(jī)了。

b)表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。I wrote home once a week at college.我上大學(xué)時(shí)每周給家里寫一封信。

He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood.他童年時(shí)就養(yǎng)成了廣泛閱讀的習(xí)慣。

注：表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，除了用過去時(shí)外，還可以用used to或would來表示。She used to study late into the night when she was in Senior Three.她上高三時(shí)經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。

He would sit for hours doing nothing.過去他常常一坐幾個(gè)鐘頭什么事也不做。c)表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一系列動(dòng)作。

She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully.她走進(jìn)房間，拿起一本雜志，認(rèn)真地翻閱了起來。

The students go up early in the morning, did morning exercises and then read English aloud in the open air.學(xué)生們很早起床，做早操，然后在室外朗讀英語(yǔ)。d)在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。We would not leave until the teacher came back.老師回來我們才會(huì)離開。

She told me she would not go if it rained the next day.她告訴我如果第二天下雨的話，她就不去了。②一般過去時(shí)的特殊用法

a)在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。It's time we went.該是我們走的時(shí)候了。

I wish I were twenty years younger.但愿我年輕20歲。

I would rather you didn't do anything for the time being.我寧愿你暫時(shí)先不要采取什么措施。

b)在口語(yǔ)中，一般過去時(shí)往往顯示委婉客氣。I wondered if you could give me a hand.我想請(qǐng)你幫個(gè)忙。

Might I come and see you tonight? 我想今晚來看你，好嗎？

一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：a moment ago(剛才)，yesterday morning，last night/ week，the day before yesterday(前天)，just now(剛才)等。動(dòng)詞一般過去式的構(gòu)成

a.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式的變化可速記為直、去、雙、改四字訣。①一般情況下在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加-ed。如：wanted，played。

②以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉e再加-ed。如：hoped，lived。③重讀閉音節(jié)單詞需雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加-ed。如：stopped。

④以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變y為i，再加-ed。如：studied，worried。

規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式的讀音也有規(guī)律可循。請(qǐng)記?。呵搴骩t]，元濁[d]，[t] [d]之后讀[Id]。①清輔音[p] [k] [f] [s] [F] 等后，ed要讀[t]。如：worked，finished。②元音或濁輔音[b] [g] [v] [z] [m]等后，ed要讀[d]。如：lived，called。③[t]或[d]后，ed讀[Id]。如：started，needed。

b.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化，要逐一熟記。be動(dòng)詞過去式有兩種形式，主語(yǔ)是第一、三人稱單數(shù)形式使用was，其他人稱用were。

注意事項(xiàng)：A)注意時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間的詞或詞組，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，絕對(duì)不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用，因?yàn)檫@樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。B)used to do的否定形式和疑問形式很特別：你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都對(duì)。

Used to do經(jīng)常與 be used to doing sth/ sth結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。前者表示“過去常?；?過去曾經(jīng)”，要求加動(dòng)詞原形；后者表示“習(xí)慣于”，要求加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

表示到說話時(shí)刻為止已經(jīng)做或尚未做過的動(dòng)作。常用already, yet, so far, by now, since two days ago, for a few days 等詞語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。注：give, see, come, arrive, leave(離開)，begin, start, finish, join, become, borrow, lend, die, end 等點(diǎn)時(shí)間動(dòng)詞可以用于完成時(shí)，但在肯定句中不能與表示一段時(shí)的 since和for 短語(yǔ)連用，因?yàn)辄c(diǎn)時(shí)間動(dòng)詞不能延續(xù)，而在否定句中可以與表示一段時(shí)間的for短語(yǔ)連用，因?yàn)榉穸ǖ狞c(diǎn)時(shí)間動(dòng)詞可以看作是一種可延續(xù)的狀態(tài)。Mike has come for a year.(〤)Mike has been here for a year(√)Mike hasn’t come for a year.（√）過去完成時(shí)

表示截止到過去某一時(shí)刻或在過去的動(dòng)作之前（過去的過去）已經(jīng)做或尚未做的動(dòng)作。By(=up to)last weekend we hadn’t got any information.When he appeared, we had waited for 30 minutes.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)

考點(diǎn)一：考查基本概念

例 Both his parents look sad.Maybe they ______what's happened to him.（呼和浩特）Ａ.knew Ｂ.have known Ｃ.must know Ｄ.will know

簡(jiǎn)析：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，重點(diǎn)在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是Ｂ?？键c(diǎn)二：考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

例1.He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

Ａ.already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ.still 例2.Have you met Mr Li ______？

Ａ.just Ｂ.ago Ｃ.before Ｄ.a moment ago 例3.The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year.Ａ.is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 例4.—Our country ______ a lot so far.—Yes.I hope it will be even ______.Ａ.has changed;well Ｂ.changed;good

Ｃ.has changed;better Ｄ.changed;better 例5.Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years.Ａ.was;studying Ｂ.will;study

Ｃ.has;studied Ｄ.are;studying 例6.We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.Ａ.know Ｂ.had known Ｃ.have known Ｄ.knew 例7.Harry Potter is a very nice film.I_______ it twice.Ａ.will see Ｂ.have seen Ｃ.saw Ｄ.see

簡(jiǎn)析：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常有如下四類：

⑴現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故例1應(yīng)選B；例2應(yīng)選C。

⑵現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與recently（近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時(shí)間”等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z(yǔ)表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)間，句中的動(dòng)作是從過去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故例3應(yīng)選D，例4應(yīng)選C。

⑶現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與“for +時(shí)間段或since +過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用（含從句，從句過去時(shí)）。故例5應(yīng)選C，例6應(yīng)選C。

⑷現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語(yǔ)連用。故例7應(yīng)選B?？键c(diǎn)三：考查與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別

例1.—These farmers have been to the United States.—Really ? When _____ there ?

Ａ.will they go Ｂ.did they go

Ｃ.do they go Ｄ.have they gone 例2.—______ you ___ your homework yet ?

—Yes.I _____ it a moment ago.Ａ.Did;do;finished Ｂ.Have;done;finished

Ｃ.Have;done;have finished Ｄ.will;do;finish

簡(jiǎn)析：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)容易混淆，就是因?yàn)樗鼈兯硎镜膭?dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去，但二者又有區(qū)別：一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，它不與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）連用。故例１、２的正確答案皆為B?？键c(diǎn)四：考查非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法

例1.His father ______ the Party since 1978.Ａ.joined Ｂ.has joined Ｃ.was in Ｄ.has been in 例2.—Do you know him well ?

— Sure.We _________ friends since ten years ago.Ａ.were Ｂ.have been Ｃ.have become Ｄ.have made 例3.—How long have you ____ here ?

—About two months.Ａ.been Ｂ.gone Ｃ.come Ｄ.arrived 例4.Hurry up!The play __________ for ten minutes.Ａ.has begun Ｂ.had begun Ｃ.has been on Ｄ.began 例5.His uncle died two years ago.（改變句子，句意不變）

His uncle has _______ _______ for two years 例6.Her mother has been a Party member for three years.（同義句）

Her mother _______ the Party three years ________.例7.It _____ ten years since he left the army.Ａ.is Ｂ.has Ｃ.will Ｄ.was

簡(jiǎn)析：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與for和since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，通常是用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來代替。常用的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及替代形式如下： close—→be closed, put on→wear , open—→be open get up—→be up, finish/end—→be over , lose—→be lost , marry—→be married(to), fall asleep/ go to sleep —→be asleep(sleep), get to know—→ know come/arrive—→be here/in , come/get back—→be back , go/leave-be away , become —→be , borrow —→keep , buy—→have , begin/start—→be on , die—→be dead , join—→be in/be a ember of．．． , catch a cold—→ have a cold等，故例1、2、3、4的正確答案依次為：D、B、A、C。例5應(yīng)填been dead。其次，可以用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)表示，故例6應(yīng)填joined；ago。再次，還可用“It is + 一段時(shí)間＋since從句”來表示，故例７應(yīng)選A。

考點(diǎn)五：考查詞組have/has been in / to與have/has gone to的區(qū)別

例1.Miss Green isn't in the office.she_______ to the library.Ａ.has gone Ｂ.went Ｃ.will go Ｄ.has been 例2.My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.Ａ.have been in Ｂ.have been to

Ｃ.have gone to Ｄ.have been

簡(jiǎn)析：“have/has gone to + 地點(diǎn)”表示“某人去了某地（還未回來）”，指主語(yǔ)所指的人不在這兒?！癶ave/has been in + 地點(diǎn)”表示“在某地呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用?！癶ave/has been to +地點(diǎn)”表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地（但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒）?！惫世?、2的正確答案皆為A。要點(diǎn)提示: 1．

結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+done 表示過去發(fā)生的某個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，或過去發(fā)生的某個(gè)動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。

2．have/has been to? 與have/has gone to?的辨析 have/has been to? 表示“曾去過”，說明有某種經(jīng)歷。

have/has gone to? 表示“已去某地（在途中或已到目的地）”。e.g.She has been to Canada.她去過加拿大。She has gone to Canada.她去加拿大了。3．

瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

1）瞬間動(dòng)詞表示短暫。不能持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，如：come, leave, begin, become, buy, receive, die, join, borrow, lend, go,等。

2）持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，如：work, stay, live, learn, read, write, wait 等

3）瞬間動(dòng)詞用于完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的完成。

e.g.She has already bought a dictionary.她已經(jīng)買了一本字典。4）瞬間動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。e.g.She has left Shenyang.√

She has left Shengyang for a month..╳

She has been away from Shenyang for a month..√ 但是瞬間動(dòng)詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，說明某動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)可以持續(xù)一段時(shí)間

e.g.She often goes on business.But she hasn’t left Shenyang for a month./since a month ago.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)由was/were加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成，表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與表示過去某一時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。如：

What were you doing at this time yesterday? My mother was cooking when I got home. 過去將來時(shí)

過去將來時(shí)由should/would加動(dòng)詞原形或was/were going to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，表示 從過去某時(shí)看來將要發(fā)生的事情，常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。如： I didn't know when he would come back. 過去完成時(shí)

過去完成時(shí)由had加過去分詞構(gòu)成，表示過去某一動(dòng)作或時(shí)間以前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，也可指從過去某時(shí)開始到過去另一時(shí)為止的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即“過去的過去”。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：a.by last month, by the end of last term等；b.before he came here, when I got there等。如：

By the end of last term they had learned about twenty English songs. The film had already begun when we got there.

注意：before與ago的用法有區(qū)別。before表示“距過去某時(shí)?以前”，即過去的過去，用于過去完成時(shí)；ago表示“距今?以前”，即從現(xiàn)在起的過去，用于一般過去時(shí)。第二節(jié) 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

一、例題選講

例1 Look, she(have)a bunch of flowers in her hand.答案： has

例2 提示： 盡管句中有l(wèi)ook，但在英語(yǔ)中表示“有”，不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，本句意思指“她手中有一束花”。

John(make)much progress in his lessons since last term.He(study)harder later on.答案： has made, will/is going to study

例3 提示： 第一句中，since last term暗示了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。說明從上學(xué)期以來取得了很大進(jìn)步，第二句中的later on要注意用一般將來時(shí)。Cherry arrived at school after the class(begin)yesterday.答案： had begun 例4 提示： begin雖然也能作及物動(dòng)詞，但在表示某事開始時(shí)，一般以不及物動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)，不用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。If it(not rain)tomorrow, we(go)to the park.答案： doesn’t rain, will go

例5 提示： 這是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主句是將來時(shí)，其時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Great changes(take)place in Shanghai in the past ten years.答案： have taken place

例6

提示： In the past ten years會(huì)造成過去時(shí)間感覺，但其意思是近十年中，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) It is said that they(hold)an English evening next week.答案： will hold 提示： 主句It is said是現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，從句要用將來時(shí)，不能用過去將來時(shí)。

第二篇：中考英語(yǔ)二輪專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)

動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)練習(xí)

一、單項(xiàng)選擇

1． —Our classroom is so clean.—It ___________ every day.A.cleaned B.was cleaned C.cleans D.is cleaned 2．Boys and girls , more attention should be paid to ____the word correctly A． pronouce B.be pronounced C． pronoucing D.pronouced 3．The word ________ five letters.A.is made up B.makes up of C.is made up of 4．The gifts by my friends yesterday.A.are bought B.is brought C.were bought D.was bought 5．— Mom, my classmates are playing outside.Can I join them? — Not until your homework.A.finishes B.is finished C.finished D.was finished 6． Oh, dear!The key ________ the door _________ in the room.A.with, forget B.to , is left C.by , forgot D.with, is left 7． More than 70,000,000 sharks ______ for their fins every year.It's really time for us to do something.A.kill B.killed C.are killed D.were killed 8．---I ______to make a decision for myself.What should I do ?----If I _____you , I ‘d talk with my parents A.don’t allow, am B.won’t allow，was C.am not allowed, were D.weren’t allowed ,be 9．Betty, why didn't you answer the phone last night? —Oh, sorry about that.My mobile phone ______ in the living room.A.left B.has left C.is left D.was left 10．This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, ______ well.A.sells B.sell C.is sold D.are sold 11．— Ningbo _______a lot in the past10 years.— Yeah, you`re right.A.changes B.has changed C.has been changed D.will change 12．—Look at the sign on the right.—Oh, parking ______ here.A.doesn’t allow B.isn’t allowed C.didn’t allowed D.wasn’t allowed 13．—Have you moved into the new flat? —Not yet.The room _________.A.has been painted B.is painted C.is being painted D.was painted 14．— Do you know Lucy’s grandma? —Of course.She is a kind woman, but she has______

for about a month since she _____ in the accident.A.been dead;was killed

B.died;was killed C.been dead;killed D.died;killed 15．The Yellow River flood large areas, but now the waters of it are used to energy.A.was used to;producing B.used to;producing C.was used to;produce D.used to;produce 16．This kind of flower well these days.Would you like to have one? A.sell B.sells C.are sold D.is sold 17．Can 16-year-old students drive to school? No, they shouldn’t ______ to drive because they aren’t serious enough.A.allow B.be allowed C.allowed D.have allowed 18．--The film “Avatar”（阿凡達(dá)）_______ on the TV next month.--Really? I’m looking forward to it.A.will show B.is show C.will be shown D.is shown 19．---Guess what he will say when I ask him about it again.---Even if you him again, he will not tell you anything.A.ask B.are going to ask C.will ask D.asked 20．A new bridge in our city next year and it is over eight hundred meters long.A.builds B.will be built C.is built D.will build

二、補(bǔ)充句子

根據(jù)中文意思，完成下列句子，每空限填一詞。（共5小題，計(jì)10分）21．最近的醫(yī)院離此地也有大約十公里遠(yuǎn)。

The __________ hospital is about ten kilometers __________.22．嘲笑處于困境中的人是不禮貌的。

It’s not polite to __________ __________ those people in trouble.23．學(xué)校規(guī)定上課不許遲到。

The school rule says, “Don’t __________ __________ for class.” 24．熊貓?jiān)谖覈?guó)受到很好的照顧。

Pandas __________ __________ good care of in our country.25．我們覺得晚上出去是危險(xiǎn)的。

We find __________ __________ to go out at night.參考答案

1．D 【解析】

試題分析：句意：我們的教室真干凈。它每天被打掃。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成為am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，結(jié)合句意，故選D?？键c(diǎn)：考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。2．C 【解析】

試題分析：句意：孩子們，要更加注意正確的發(fā)單詞的音。pay attention to sth/doing,注意……，to是介詞后加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。雖然該句是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但是to仍然是介詞，故選C。

考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)名詞的用法。3．C 【解析】

試題分析：句意：這個(gè)單詞是由五個(gè)字母組成的。分析：被……組成: be made up of ,因此選擇第三項(xiàng)。故選C 考點(diǎn)：考查固定詞組的用法。4．C 【解析】

試題分析：句意：昨天，這些禮物被我的朋友買了。分析：考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法，通過時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday，體現(xiàn)為一般過去式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，構(gòu)成為was/were done（動(dòng)詞的過去分詞），結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，第三項(xiàng)符合題意。故選 C 考點(diǎn)：考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。5．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：媽媽，我的同班同學(xué)在外面玩，我能加入他們嗎？直到你的作業(yè)做完才能加入。動(dòng)作的承受者作主語(yǔ)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。其結(jié)構(gòu)是，主語(yǔ)+be+done。until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)態(tài)，故選B?？键c(diǎn)：考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。6．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：親愛的，門的鑰匙忘在了房間里了。the key to the door 門的鑰匙 the answer to the question等表示一一對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系的名詞經(jīng)常用to表示所有的關(guān)系。forget忘記，后不加地點(diǎn)，leave sth(at,in…),把某物落在某地。如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，或者是說動(dòng)作不是由主語(yǔ)而是由其他人完成的，則用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知鑰匙和忘記之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選B。

考點(diǎn)：考查介詞和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。7．C 【解析】 試題分析：句意：每年都有超過7千萬(wàn)頭鯊魚被殺以獲得它們的鰭片。這是一個(gè)事實(shí)的描述，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；該句應(yīng)該是鯊魚被殺害，因此是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以選C 考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。8．C 【解析】

試題分析：句意：--我不被允許自己做決定。我應(yīng)該做什么？--如果我是你，我應(yīng)該和我的父母談一談。分析：第一個(gè)空為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在不能自己做決定，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)詞態(tài)；第二個(gè)空考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，其if 從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用動(dòng)詞的過去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形。故選C 考點(diǎn)：考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。9．D 【解析】

試題分析：句意：貝蒂，昨天晚上為什么你不接電話？對(duì)不起，我的手機(jī)忘在臥室里了。動(dòng)作的承受者作主語(yǔ)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。其結(jié)構(gòu)是，主語(yǔ)+be+done.根據(jù)句意，可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過去，故選D。

考點(diǎn)：考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。10．A 【解析】

試題分析：句意：伴有光驅(qū)的這個(gè)聽力材料賣得很好。表示事物性質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)的，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處表示這個(gè)聽力材料買的好，故用主動(dòng)形式，主語(yǔ)是This listening material，故謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故選A?？键c(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)。11．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：寧波在過去的10年當(dāng)中改變了很多?！堑?，你說得對(duì)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知本句描述的是從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。選B?？键c(diǎn)：考查時(shí)態(tài)辨析 12．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：看看右邊的標(biāo)語(yǔ)，啊，這里不允許停車。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受

者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。其結(jié)構(gòu)是，主語(yǔ)+be+done。根據(jù)句意，可知停車是動(dòng)作的承受者，故用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)標(biāo)語(yǔ)展示的內(nèi)容，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選B。考點(diǎn)：考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。13．C 【解析】

試題分析：句意：--你已經(jīng)搬入新的公寓了嗎？--還沒有。這個(gè)房間正在裝修。分析：考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法，通過句意體現(xiàn)正在裝修，因此運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，構(gòu)成方式為be being done（動(dòng)詞的過去分詞）。故選C 考點(diǎn)：考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。14．A 【解析】

試題分析：句意：—你認(rèn)識(shí)露絲的奶奶嗎？—當(dāng)然，她是一個(gè)善良的女人，但她自從死于事故后已經(jīng)死亡大約一個(gè)月了。根據(jù)題干分析since從句中“死于事故”應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因有since狀語(yǔ)從句，所以主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，故選A?？键c(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 15．D 【解析】 試題分析：句意:過去黃河水常常淹沒大片的土地，但是現(xiàn)在黃河水被用來產(chǎn)生能源。be used to do sth.被用來做某事；be used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于某事；used to do sth.過去常常做某事。根據(jù)句意可知選D?？键c(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞。16．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：這些天這種花賣的很好，你愿意買一個(gè)嗎？根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知花賣得好不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，This kind of flower看成單數(shù)故動(dòng)詞單三式；根據(jù)句意故選B 考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞的用法。17．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：---16歲的孩子們能開車去上學(xué)嗎？---不，他們不應(yīng)當(dāng)被允許開車，因?yàn)樗麄儾皇亲銐虻恼J(rèn)真。shouldn’t be be allowed to do表示不應(yīng)當(dāng)被允許做某事；根據(jù)句意故選B 考點(diǎn)：考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。18．C 【解析】

試題分析：句意：---這部電影Avatar將在下個(gè)月在電視上上映。根據(jù)題意可知用將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)will be done;根據(jù)句意故選C.考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。19．A 【解析】

試題分析：句意：—猜一下當(dāng)我在問他這件事時(shí)他會(huì)怎么說。—即使你再問他，他也不會(huì)告訴你任何事情。第二空even if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，主句是一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，從句主語(yǔ)是you，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形，故選A?？键c(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

20．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：一座新橋明年在我們城市修建，它超過8百米長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)題干分析bridge和build構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)next year（明年），所以用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選B?？键c(diǎn)：考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法

21．nearest;away 22．laugh at 23．be late 24．a(chǎn)re taken 25．it;dangerous 【解析】 試題分析：

21．要用最高級(jí)形式nearest;距離后用副詞away。22．“嘲笑”用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)laugh at。

23．“遲到” 用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)be late放在Don’t后，構(gòu)成祈使句的否定句。24．a(chǎn)re taken是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。Pandas是復(fù)數(shù)，所以用are。

25．這里用it做形式賓語(yǔ)代替后面的不定式to go out at night;dangerous是形容詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

考點(diǎn)：?jiǎn)卧~填空。

第三篇：復(fù)習(xí)2014年中考英語(yǔ)跟蹤練習(xí)

新詞達(dá)標(biāo)練

一、改寫同義句

1.She likes reading in the park.She __________ __________ in the park.2.When do you get to the zoo?When do you __________ __________ the zoo?3.Do the children have a good time in the party?Do the children __________ __________ in the party?

二、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成下列句子，每空一詞

4.我想在家里享用晚餐。I want to __________ my __________ at home.5.歡迎到中國(guó)來。

__________ __________ China.參考答案：

新詞達(dá)標(biāo)練 1.enjoys reading 2.arrive at 3.enjoy themselves

4.enjoy, dinner 5.Welcome to

第四篇：2014年中考英語(yǔ)分類復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句

學(xué)知源教育高中組：花倩妮

初中英語(yǔ)分類練習(xí)

——定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句專練

（一）1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.in which

2.Do you know the man _______?

A.whom I spokeB.to who spokeC.I spoke toD.that I spoke

3.This is the hotel _______last month.A.which they stayedB.at that they stayed

C.where they stayed atD.where they stayed

4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.on which

5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A.whichB.on whichC.in whichD.when

6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.A.whereB.to whichC.whichD.in which

7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there

8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this yearB.that have shown

C.that has been shown this yearD.that you talked

9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?

A.about which you talkedB.which you talked

C.about that you talkedD.that you talked

10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A.with whichB.in whichC.on whichD.by which

11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that

12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.A.to whomB.on whomC.with whichD.with whom

13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?

A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose

14.I'm interested in ______you have said.A.all thatB.all whatC.thatD.which

15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as

16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as

17.He is good at English, ______we all know.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what

18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.A.I went withB.with whom I wentC.with who I went D.I went with him

19.I don't like ______ as you read.A.the novelsB.the such novelsC.such novelsD.same novels

20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what

21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who

22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who

23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who

24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose titleB.its titleC.the title of itD.the title of that

25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.A.for whichB.for thatC.in whichD.what

26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it

27.I can never forget the day ______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.on which;when

28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./

29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A.in whichB.with whichC.thatD.for which

30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.A.after which I have lookedB.which I have looked after

C.that I have looked afterD.I have looked after

31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.for that;thatD.for which;what

32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.thatB.whichC.for whichD.who

33.That is not the way ______I do it.A./B.whichC.for whichD.with which

34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A.all of whichB.either of whichC.both of thatD.both of which

35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A.as wasB.which wasC.as wereD.which

36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it

37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.A.thatB.whichC.from thatD.from which

38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.A.thatB.which C.who D.as

39.You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose

40.Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though

41.---Did you ask the guard _______ happened?---Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that

42.I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has

a great effect on my life.A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which

43.The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are

44.During the days _______, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A.followedB.followingC.to followD.that followed

45.Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?

A.thatB./C.whichD.it

46.The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _____ he could see ____ was going on inside house.A.which;whatB.through which;what C.through that;what D.what;that

47.Is _______ some German friends visited last week?

A.this schoolB.this the schoolC.this school oneD.this school where

48.John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.who

49.I have bought two ball pens, _______ writes well.A.none of themB.neither of themC.neither of which D.none of which

50.All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.A.are beingB.has beenC.had beenD.have been

第五篇：【最新整理】2014年中考英語(yǔ)分類復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)并列復(fù)合句與狀語(yǔ)從句用法詳解

初中英語(yǔ)分類練習(xí)

——并列復(fù)合句與狀語(yǔ)從句

并列復(fù)合句

由并列連詞(and, but, or, so, not only?but also, however, neither? nor, either?or, still)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的互相獨(dú)立的分句連接而成的句子叫做并列句。并列句之間的關(guān)系有并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、因果等關(guān)系。

1.并列關(guān)系

He is a lovely boy and he is helpful.他很可愛，樂于助人。

2．轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

I can come, but will be a little late.我能來，但是要稍晚一些。

3.選擇關(guān)系

Either give a hand, or leave right away.或者幫忙，或者立刻離開。

4.因果關(guān)系

She is kind to the others, so all of us love her.她對(duì)別人很好，所以我們都喜歡她。

狀語(yǔ)從句

在復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞的從句叫狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：He didn't go to school yesterday because he was ill.（修飾動(dòng)詞go）昨天他沒去上學(xué)，因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>

We must study so well as our teacher hoped.（修飾副詞well）我們應(yīng)該學(xué)得你我們老師希望的那么好。

Lucy is younger than Jim(is)。（修飾形容詞younger）

露茜比吉姆年輕。

狀語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)是主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分，即陳述句的語(yǔ)序。

狀語(yǔ)從句的位置，可以放在主句前面或后面，但是若放在主句前面，要用逗號(hào)與主句分開；主句若是疑問句，那么時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句的前面。

狀語(yǔ)從句的用法

狀語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)它表達(dá)的意思不同可分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、比較狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句如果放在主句前通常用逗號(hào)分開。

1）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句由when, while, after, before, since, as soon as, till, until等連詞引導(dǎo)。

例如：

I went to bed after the TV play was ever.電視劇完了以后我上床睡覺。

Could you look after her while we're away?

我們不在時(shí)你能照顧她嗎？

She has taught in this school since she came to this city in 1989.自從****年她來到這座城市以來一直在這所學(xué)校教書。

Wait until I come back.請(qǐng)你等到我回來。

注意：

如主句是一般將來時(shí)，則表示將來的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

例如：

I'll write to you as soon as I get to Beijing.我一到北京就將寫信給你。

It will get warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天來臨時(shí)，天氣將變得越來越暖和。

2）原因狀語(yǔ)從句

原因狀語(yǔ)從句由because, as, since等連詞引導(dǎo)。

例如：

He sold the car because it was too small.他賣掉那輛小汽車，因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>

Since you won't help me, I must do the job myself.你既然不幫我忙，我必須自己做這項(xiàng)工作。

As my mother is away at this moment, I have to look after my younger sister.由于我的媽媽現(xiàn)在不在，我不得不照顧我的妹妹。

注意：

a）because, as, since, for的用法辨析

because, as, since, for都是表示各種理由的連詞，但because多表示所敘述的理由是本句的重點(diǎn)，故because所引導(dǎo)的從句常放在句末。

例如：

Why was he absent? Because he was badly ill.他為什么缺度？因?yàn)樗〉煤苤亍?/p>

as, since用于表示理由是已知，而理由以外才是敘述的重點(diǎn)，兩者皆多用于句首，但要注意since重形式，as多表示理由以外的才是重點(diǎn)。

例如：

As it is raining, let's stay as home.因?yàn)橄掠?，我們就留在家里吧?/p>

Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive.因?yàn)槟銢]有駕駛執(zhí)照，所以你不可以開車。

for不用于句首，而用于主句之后，補(bǔ)充說明理由；主句表推測(cè)時(shí)，用for說明原因。例如：

I'll follow his advice, for he is a doctor.我會(huì)聽從他的勸告，因?yàn)樗轻t(yī)生。

b）because of也是表示原因狀語(yǔ)，但后面只能跟短語(yǔ)。例如：

I stayed at home because of the bad weather.因?yàn)樘鞖獠缓梦伊粼诩依铩?/p>

3）比較狀語(yǔ)從句

比較狀語(yǔ)從句由than或as來引導(dǎo)。例如：

I feel better now than(I was)before.我現(xiàn)在覺得比以前好了。

He writes as well as you(do).他寫得和你一樣好。

This problem is more difficult than that one(is).這道題比那道題難。

4）條件狀語(yǔ)從句

條件狀語(yǔ)從句由if, unless（= if not）算連詞引導(dǎo)。條件從句中的動(dòng)詞多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。例如：

I shall go if he asks me.如果他請(qǐng)我，我就去。

I shan't go unless he asks me.除非他請(qǐng)我，否則我是不去的。

I shall go, whether he asks me or not.不管他請(qǐng)不請(qǐng)我，我都要去。

Come with me if you have time.如果你有時(shí)間請(qǐng)跟我來。

I want to watch a basketball match if I'm well tonight.如果今晚我好了的話，我要看一場(chǎng)籃球賽。

由and連接的簡(jiǎn)單句，可以用條件狀語(yǔ)從句來改寫。例如：

Run faster and you'll catch up with him.跑快點(diǎn)兒你就會(huì)趕上他。

=If you run faster, you'll catch up with him.如果你跑得快點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)趕上他。

5）結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由so that, so? that引導(dǎo)。例如：

He has lost his bike so that he can't come to school on time.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）他去了自行車，所以不能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到校。

Your shirt were so dirty that you must wash it.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）

你的襯衣這么臟，你應(yīng)該把它洗洗。

注意：

由so?that引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句若是表示否定意思，可以用too?to（太?而不能）來替換。例如：

She was so angry that she could not say a word.=She was too angry to say a word.她氣得說不出話來。

6）讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

讓步狀語(yǔ)從句一般用though（雖然）、although（雖然）、even though（即使）引導(dǎo)。例如：

Though/Although he tried hard, he was not successful.他雖然努力嘗試，但沒有成功。

He went on working though it was very late.雖然很晚了，他還在繼續(xù)工作。注意：

1．漢語(yǔ)中的“雖然?但是?”在英語(yǔ)中用連詞though就可以了，或單獨(dú)使用but連接兩個(gè)并列句也可以，但不能在一個(gè)句子中同時(shí)用這兩個(gè)連詞（主句前不用連詞）。例如：“雖然我很喜歡照顧我姐姐的嬰兒，但她不讓我干”。

這個(gè)句子我們可以用下面兩種方法來表達(dá)。

Though I like looking after my sister's baby, she doesn't let me do it.I like looking after my sister's baby, but she doesn't let me do it.=though可以與yet連用，這里yet雖然意思與but相同，但yet不是連詞，而是副詞。例如：Though it was cold, yet he went out without a coat.雖然很冷，但他沒穿外衣就出去了。

二、復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需要注意的要點(diǎn)

（1）當(dāng)整句句子處于過去時(shí)的情況下，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。

（2）當(dāng)整句句子處于將來時(shí)的情況下，總是主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

（3）由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，句子處于將來時(shí)的情況下，與所有的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句一樣，主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

例如：I am going to be a doctor when I grow up

（4）整句句子處于將來時(shí)的情況下，且兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，則持續(xù)的那個(gè)動(dòng)作用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，瞬間的那個(gè)動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)。

例如：I met my English teacher when I was walking in the street.（5）像He turned on TV set at once when he got home，整句句子處于過去時(shí)的情況下，且兩個(gè)動(dòng)作先后發(fā)生，when=after，則時(shí)態(tài)與after一致，主句從句都用一般過去時(shí)。

（6）像The class had already begun when I entered the classroom.整句句子處于過去時(shí)的情況下，且兩個(gè)動(dòng)作先后發(fā)生，但這里的when=before，則時(shí)態(tài)與before一致，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

一、例題選講

例1 He ________ the exam if he ________ harder.A． passes?works

C． will pass?will work

答案： B

提示： 在英語(yǔ)中，if既能夠引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，又能夠引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。但要注意主

句中的謂語(yǔ)是及物還是不及物動(dòng)詞。此句中pass the exam已經(jīng)明確表示

有賓語(yǔ)，if就是引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)，主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

例2 While she ________(watch)TV, the bell _________(ring).答案： was watching,rang

提示： 由while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是正在進(jìn)行看電視這個(gè)動(dòng)作，門鈴響了這動(dòng)作也發(fā)生了，因此從句用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，主句用一般過去時(shí)。B． will pass?works D． passes?will work