第一篇：中學(xué)初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法——淺談延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞

淺談延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞

一、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的概念

英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

終止性動(dòng)詞也稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。

二、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征

1.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其完成時(shí)態(tài)可與表示“段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。表示“段時(shí)間”的短語(yǔ)有：for two years, during/in the past/last three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自從我來(lái)到這兒就學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。

2.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”狀語(yǔ)連用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(誤)rain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而at eight表示“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”，前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一瞬間的動(dòng)作，可以借助come, begin, get等終止性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示。上句可改為：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：

-When did you get to know Jack?

-Two years ago.-Then you've known each other for more than two years.-That's right.三、終止性動(dòng)詞的用法特征

1.終止性動(dòng)詞可用來(lái)表示某一動(dòng)作完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：

The train has arrived.火車到了。

Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎？

2.終止性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)。因此，不可與表示一段時(shí)間

的狀語(yǔ)連用(只限肯定式)。如：

(1)他死了三年了。

誤：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died.正：Three years has passed since he died.(2)他來(lái)這兒五天了。

誤：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here.正：Five days has passed since he came here.(1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動(dòng)詞，不能與表示“段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。那么，應(yīng)如何正確表達(dá)呢？可以采用下面的四種方法：

(1)將句中終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如上面兩例中的達(dá)方式。

3.終止性動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)否定式中，成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因而可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：

He hasn't left here since 1986.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.4.終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式與until/till連用，構(gòu)成“not+終止性動(dòng)詞+until/till...”的句型，意為“直到……才……”。如：

You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能離開這里。

I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫，我才上床睡覺(jué)。

5.終止性動(dòng)詞可以用于when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，但不可以用于while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。when表示的時(shí)間是“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用終止性動(dòng)詞)，也可以是“段時(shí)間”(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)。而while表示的是一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或過(guò)程，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：

When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock.(reach為終止性動(dòng)詞)

Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.(be away為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))

6.終止性動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)不可與how long連用(只限于肯定式)。如：

誤：How long have you come here?

正：How long have you been here?

正：When did you come here?

延繼性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞鞏固練習(xí)

一、選擇填空

1.When Henry arrived at the bus stop, the bus ______ for two hours.A.has left B.had left C.has been away D.had been away

2.I ______ the League for five years so far.A.joined B.have joined C.have been in D.join

3.The factory ______ since the February of 1995.

A.has been open B.has opened C.was open D.opened

4.Mary and Rose ______ friends since they met in London in 1998.A.have made B.have been

C.made D.have become

5.You mustn't ______ until he comes back.A.be away B.leave

C.be left D.have been

6.The meeting ______ for a week now.A.has finished B.has ended C.has been over D.has been in

7.Miss Gao______this school since 1996.A.has come to B.came to C.has taught D.has been in

8.Ben ______ a teacher for early three years.A.has been B.has become

C.was D.became

9.I ______ home for a week up to now.A.have returned B.have been back C.returned D.were

10.How long ________ Mr Smith ________?

A.did;die B.was;dead C.was;dying D.has;been dead

11.When I ______ in Beijing, it was raining hard.A.got B.reached

C.arrived D.was

12.Tom ______ the car for two months.A.has had B.bought

C.has bought D.had got

13.-How long ______ you ______?

-Two weeks.A.did;all ill B.have;fallen ill

C.were;ill D.have;been ill

14.Since 1942 he ______ his hometown.A.has left

B.has moved away from

C.has been away from

D.moved away from

15.I'll lend you the bike, but you can only ______ it for two days.A.borrow B.lend C.keep D.take

16.The bus ______ on the road for an hour.A.has stopped B.stopped

C.is stopping D.has been

17.Are you ______ the jacket these days?

A.wearing B.putting on C.dressing D.pulling on

二、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換

1.My cousins fell asleep 10 minutes ago.My cousins _____ ______ ______ for 10 minutes.2.．The paper factory opened in 1999.The paper factory ______ ______ ______ since 1999.3.Mr.Smile borrowed the book 3 days ago.Mr.Smile ______ ______ for 3 days.4.I bought the piano the year before last year..I ______ ______ the piano since the year before last year.5.The film began half an hour ago.The film ______ ______ for half an hour.6The baby caught a cold last night.The baby ______ ______ a cold since last night.7.Her grandfather died 2 years ago.Her grandfather ______ ______ ______ for 2 years.8.The man became a doctor in 2000.The man ______ ______ a doctor since 20000.9..My uncle joined the football team last year.My uncle ______ ______ ______ ______ of the football team since last year.10.They got to Shanghai 4 months ago.They ______ ______ ______ for 4 months.11.He left the company at ten past eight.He ______ ______ ______ ______ the company since ten past eight.12.The Whites came to Hongkong in 1997.The Whites ______ ______ ______ Hongkong since 1997.13.The class ended 5 minutes ago.The class ______ ______ ______ for 5 minutes.

14.I put on the coat at 9 O’clock.I ______ ______ the coat since 9 o’clock.

第二篇：終止性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞2009

終止性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞2009-08-13 11:38 終止性動(dòng)詞

英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。

終止性動(dòng)詞也稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。

終止性動(dòng)詞的用法特征

1.終止性動(dòng)詞可用來(lái)表示某一動(dòng)作完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：

The train has arrived.火車到了。

Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎？

2.終止性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)。因此，不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用(只限肯定式)。如：

(1)他死了三年了。

誤：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died.正：Three years has passed since he died.(2)他來(lái)這兒五天了。

誤：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here.正：Five days has passed since he came here.(1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動(dòng)詞，不能與表示“段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。那么，應(yīng)如何正確表達(dá)呢？可以采用下面的四種方法：

(1)將句中終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方式。下面列舉幾例：leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth.open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。

(2)將句中表示“段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)改為表示過(guò)去確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達(dá)方式。

(3)用句型“It is+段時(shí)間+since...”表達(dá)原意，如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達(dá)方式。

(4)用句型“時(shí)間+has passed+since...”表達(dá)原意，如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達(dá)方式。

3.終止性動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)否定式中，成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因而可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：

He hasn't left here since 1986.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.4.終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式與until/till連用，構(gòu)成“not+終止性動(dòng)詞+until/till...”的句型，意為“直到??才??”。如：

You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能離開這里。

I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫，我才上床睡覺(jué)。

5.終止性動(dòng)詞可以用于when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，但不可以用于while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。when表示的時(shí)間是“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用終止性動(dòng)詞)，也可以是“段時(shí)間”(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)。而while表示的是一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或過(guò)程，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：

When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock.(reach為終止性動(dòng)詞)

Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.(be away為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))

6.終止性動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)不可與how long連用(只限于肯定式)。如：

誤：How long have you come here?

正：How long have you been here?

正：When did you come here?

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

一、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作不但可以延續(xù)，而且可以產(chǎn)生持久的影響。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：be，have，keep，know，learn，lie，live，read，sing，sleep，stand，stay，wait，walk，watch等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法很廣，但常見于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的句子中，且常與for，how，long，since等引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句連用。例如：

1．I have learned more than 1，000 Chinese words since I came to China．

自從來(lái)到中國(guó)，我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了l，000多個(gè)漢字。

2．We have lived in Linqing since we came here．自從來(lái)到這兒，我們就一直住在臨清。

3．I have kept the picture for about three years．這張畫我保存了大約三年。

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞又稱持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，它所表示的是一種持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,而非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不行

舉個(gè)例子：

(1)How long have you had it? 這輛車你買了多久了？

[說(shuō)明] 在英語(yǔ)中，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。所以我們不說(shuō)“How

long have you bought it?”因?yàn)閔ow long 是“多久”的意思，而buy是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，二者

不相配。常用的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall，finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry, start, stop等。為了表達(dá)這種意思，我們常用

相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 have,keep 或短語(yǔ) “be+名詞，形容詞，位置副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)” 來(lái)代替非

延續(xù)動(dòng)詞。如：become---be, begin---have/ be on, borrow---keep, buy---have，come---be here/there/in?, die---be dead, finish---be over, join---be in，leave---be away等。

例如：His father has been dead for one year.(不能用die)

他父親死了一年了。

My brother has been in the army for two years.(不能用join)

我哥哥參軍兩年了。

I have kept the book for two weeks.(不能用borrow)

我借這本書兩個(gè)星期了。

非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),但由于動(dòng)作是瞬時(shí)間完成的所以不能與for或since引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.英語(yǔ)中常見的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)態(tài)中可改為相應(yīng)的表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ),這時(shí)可與表示一段時(shí)間的的狀語(yǔ)連用.Now let's do some exercise!

Which one is correct Can you tell me

He has joined the Party for two years.He has been a Party member for two years.I have bought this computer for a month.I have had this computer for a month.Do this exercise!

I have come here.for two years

He has gone to Beijing.for three months

My mother has left that factory.for ten years

We have started to learn English.for 5 years

I have been here for two years.He has been in Beijing for three months.My mother has been away from that factory

for ten years.We have learned English for 5 years.The film has been on for 10 minutes

They have had a TV for 2 weeks.They have bought a TV.for 2 days

The film has begun.for 10 minutes

I have borrowed a book.for 3 weeks

I have kept a book for 3 weeks.He has been dead for ten years.I have had a cold for several days.瞬間性動(dòng)詞

瞬間性動(dòng)詞在下列幾種情況下可以與段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：

一、瞬間性動(dòng)詞表示延續(xù)性詞義時(shí)

有些瞬間性動(dòng)詞可以表示延續(xù)性詞義，這時(shí)它們就可以與段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用了。例如：

I'm going away for a few days.我要出去幾天。(go away 表示travel)

I went to Paris for two weeks.我去了巴黎兩個(gè)星期。(go to表示 visit)

We go to the seaside for a week every August.我們每年八月都要到海濱度過(guò)一個(gè)星期。(go 表示travel)

She left me waiting in the rain for an hour.她讓我在雨里等了一個(gè)小時(shí)。(leave表示cause sb./ sth.to be or remain in a particular state or position，即“使某人或某物處于某一特定的狀態(tài)”。)

二、瞬間性動(dòng)詞的否定形式

瞬間性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以表示某一狀態(tài)，這時(shí)，可以與段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：

Don't get off until the bus stops.等車停了再下車。(停車之前要處于呆在車上的狀態(tài)。)

三、瞬間性動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

“be+瞬間性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”即系表結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示狀態(tài)，因此也可以與段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：

They have been married for ten years.他們結(jié)婚已經(jīng)十年了。

The book has been lost for a week.那書已經(jīng)丟了一周了。

當(dāng)要表達(dá)瞬間性動(dòng)作發(fā)生之后一段時(shí)間的概念時(shí)，可以有多種不同的表達(dá)方式。試比較：

湯姆到了三十分鐘了。

方法1：Tom has been here for 30 minutes.方法2：It's 30 minutes since Tom arrived.方法3：Tom got here 30 minutes ago.艾麗絲直到她媽媽回來(lái)了才睡覺(jué)。

方法1： Alice didn't go to bed until her mother came back.方法2： Alice stayed up until her mother came back.你們認(rèn)識(shí)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？

方法1： How long have you known each other?

方法2： How long ago did you get to know each other?

方法3： How long is it since you got to know each other?

Exercises:

根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成句子。

1.火車離開已經(jīng)十五分鐘了。

(1)The train ______ ______ ______ for fifteen minutes.(2)fifteen minutes the train left.2.我直到夜里十二點(diǎn)才睡覺(jué)。

(1)I______ ______ ______ ______ until 12 at night.(2)I______ ______ until 12 at night.3.他戒煙已經(jīng)三個(gè)月了。

(1)______ three months______ he ______ ______ smoking.(2)He______ ______ for three months.4.他爸爸去世已經(jīng)三年了。

(1)His father ______ ______ ______ ______.(2)His father______ ______ ______ for three years.(3)______ three years______ his father______.Key: 1.(1)has been gone(2)It's;since

2.(1)didn't go to bed(2)stayed up

3.(1)It's;since;gave up

(2)hasn't smoked

4.(1)died three years ago

(2)has been dead

(3)It's;since;died 更多我的日記

?一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 2009-08-13 11:34 ?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 2009-08-13 11:18 ?過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 2009-08-13 11:17

第三篇：終止性動(dòng)詞

終止性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作。如：study, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用。

表示時(shí)間段的短語(yǔ)有:for+ 時(shí)間,for 2 years;since從句,since he came here;since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞,since last year, since 5 days ago;how long;for a long time等。終止性動(dòng)詞

也稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy,arrive等。

非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中與表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：two years ago;at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.否定的終止性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years.I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.兩者的轉(zhuǎn)換 leave---be away, borrow---keep, buy---have, begin/start---be on, die---be dead, finish---be over , join---be on+組織機(jī)構(gòu), be a member of+組織機(jī)構(gòu), open sth---keep sth open, fall ill---be ill get up---be up, come here---be here, go there---be there, become---be, come back---be back, fall asleep---be asleep , get to/ arrive/reach---be(in), leave---be away from, get to know---know, go(get)out →be out，put on→ wear catch a cold →have a cold ,get married---be married等。例:The old man died 4 years ago.----The old man has been dead for 4 years.----It is 4 years since the old man died.----Four years has passed since the old man died.He joined the Party 2 years ago.-----He has been in the Party for 2 years.I bought the book 5 days ago.----I have had the book for 5 days.動(dòng)詞相關(guān)分類編輯

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響，又叫非點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：study, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay，smoke等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法很廣，常見于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的句子中，且常與for，how，long，since等引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句連用。

終止性動(dòng)詞也稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy,die等。終止性動(dòng)詞又叫點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，但由于動(dòng)作是瞬時(shí)間完成的所以不能與for或since引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。英語(yǔ)中常見的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)態(tài)中可改為相應(yīng)的表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)，這時(shí)可與表示一段時(shí)間的的狀語(yǔ)連用。詞條標(biāo)簽：

語(yǔ)言術(shù)語(yǔ)，文化

第四篇：西點(diǎn)課業(yè)--英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講--延繼性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞

西點(diǎn)課業(yè)—初中英語(yǔ)延繼性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞講解與專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

1.When Henry arrived at the bus stop, the bus ______ for two hours.A.has left

B.had left

C.has been away

D.had been away

2.I ______ the League for five years so far.A.joined

B.have joined

C.have been in

D.join

3.The factory ______ since the February of 1995.A.has been open

B.has opened

C.was open

D.opened

4.Mary and Rose ______ friends since they met in London in 1998.A.have made

B.have been

C.made

D.have become

5.You mustn't ______ until he comes back.A.be away

B.leave

C.be left

D.have been

6.The meeting ______ for a week now.A.has finished

B.has ended

C.has been over

D.has been in

7.Miss Gao______this school since 1996.A.has come to

B.came to

C.has taught

D.has been in

8.Ben ______ a teacher for early three years.A.has been

B.has become

C.was

D.became

9.I ______ home for a week up to now.A.have returned

B.have been back

C.returned

D.were

10.How long ________ Mr Smith ________?

A.did;die

B.was;dead

C.was;dying

D.has;been dead

11.When I ______ in Beijing, it was raining hard.A.got

B.reached

C.arrived

D.was

12.Tom ______ the car for two months.A.has had

B.bought

C.has bought

D.had got

13.-How long ______ you ______?

-Two weeks.A.did;all ill

B.have;fallen ill

C.were;ill

D.have;been ill

14.Since 1942 he ______ his hometown.A.has left

B.has moved away from

C.has been away from

D.moved away from

15.I'll lend you the bike, but you can only ______ it for two days.A.borrow

B.lend

C.keep

D.take

16.The bus ______ on the road for an hour.A.has stopped

B.stopped

C.is stopping

D.has been

17.Are you ______ the jacket these days?

A.wearing

B.putting on

C.dressing

D.pulling on

(Keys: 1-5 DCABB 6-10 CDABD 11-15 CADCC 16-17 DA)西點(diǎn)課業(yè)—初中英語(yǔ)延繼性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞講解與專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

淺談延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞

一、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的概念

英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

終止性動(dòng)詞也稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。

二、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征

1.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其完成時(shí)態(tài)可與表示“段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。表示“段時(shí)間”的短語(yǔ)有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自從我來(lái)到這兒就學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。

2.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”狀語(yǔ)連用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(誤)rain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而at eight表示“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”，前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一瞬間的動(dòng)作，可以借助come, begin, get等終止性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示。上句可改為：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：

-When did you get to know Jack?

-Two years ago.-Then you've known each other for more than two years.-That's right.三、終止性動(dòng)詞的用法特征

1.終止性動(dòng)詞可用來(lái)表示某一動(dòng)作完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：

The train has arrived.火車到了。

Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎？

2.終止性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)。因此，不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用(只限肯定式)。如：

(1)他死了三年了。

誤：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died.正：Three years has passed since he died.(2)他來(lái)這兒五天了。西點(diǎn)課業(yè)—初中英語(yǔ)延繼性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞講解與專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

誤：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here.正：Five days has passed since he came here.(1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動(dòng)詞，不能與表示“段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。那么，應(yīng)如何正確表達(dá)呢？可以采用下面的四種方法：

(1)將句中終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方式。下面列舉幾例：leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth.open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。

(2)將句中表示“段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)改為表示過(guò)去確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達(dá)方式。

(3)用句型“It is+段時(shí)間+since...”表達(dá)原意，如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達(dá)方式。

(4)用句型“時(shí)間+has passed+since...”表達(dá)原意，如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達(dá)方式。

3.終止性動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)否定式中，成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因而可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：

He hasn't left here since 1986.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.4.終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式與until/till連用，構(gòu)成“not+終止性動(dòng)詞+until/till...”的句型，意為“直到……才……”。如：

You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能離開這里。

I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫，我才上床睡覺(jué)。

5.終止性動(dòng)詞可以用于when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，但不可以用于while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。when表示的時(shí)間是“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用終止性動(dòng)詞)，也可以是“段時(shí)間”(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)。而while表示的是一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或過(guò)程，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：

When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock.(reach為終止性動(dòng)詞)

Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.(be away為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))

6.終止性動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)不可與how long連用(只限于肯定式)。如：

誤：How long have you come here?

正：How long have you been here?

正：When did you come here? 西點(diǎn)課業(yè)—初中英語(yǔ)延繼性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞講解與專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

第五篇：初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞二教案

第9單元 動(dòng)詞(二)

英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，但初中階段常用的有八種，即：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要由動(dòng)詞原形表示，但在第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在詞尾要加s或es，規(guī)則如下：

a.一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-s(讀音規(guī)律同名詞變復(fù)數(shù))，如：play-plays [],like-likes []

b.以字母s,x,ch,sh和o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-es，如：wash-washes [ｗ], teach-teaches [：]

c.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i，再加-es，如：study-studies, fly-flies 

(2)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法：

a.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。

『例』 He gets up early every day. b.表示主語(yǔ)具備的性格、特征和能力等。

『例』 The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. c.表示客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。

『例』 The sun rises in the east.

d.在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。

『例』 I'll tell her about it as soon as she comes back.

2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或目前正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。它由“助動(dòng)詞be(am,is,are)+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。

『例』

The students are singing and dancing now.

現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成如下：

a.一般情況詞尾加-ing,如：look-looking, read-reading

b.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的詞，去e再加-ing,如：ride-riding, leave-leaving

c.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，如果末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)先雙寫這一輔音字母，再加-ing, 如： run-running，swim-swimming，prefer-preferring等。但是，有些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示近期按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，這些動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive, return等?！豪籗he is coming to see me next week.

3．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞have/has+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化同它的過(guò)去式.

(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：

a.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。

『例』 We have already seen this film.

The plane hasn't arrived yet.

注意：already，just用于肯定句，yet用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句。

b.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如for a week, since ten years ago等。

『例』 I have lived here since I was born.

He has worked in Shanghai for more than five years.

注意：有些動(dòng)詞代表一個(gè)短暫的動(dòng)作，因而它在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，它們有：begin, start, come, go, buy，sell, die, open, close, join, borrow等。

『例』

His grandfather has died for ten years.由于die是個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，這就要用be來(lái)表示連續(xù)狀態(tài)： 『例』 His grandfather has been dead for ten years.列舉數(shù)例將短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的表達(dá)法： Buy---have die---be deadfinish/end----be over join----be in/be+a+名詞

fall in／get ill—be ill leave/move----be away from／be out of go out----be out

get up----be up get to know-----know



(2)have/has been to與have/has gone to的用法區(qū)別：

have/has been to表示去過(guò)某地現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)返回，表示人已回來(lái)。

have/has gone to表示去某地了，可能已經(jīng)到達(dá)，也可能在去的路上，表示人不在這兒。『例』—Where's Jim? —He's gone to Xi'an. I have been to Xi'an.

(3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示某一完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的狀況，所以它不能和確定的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)只單純表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和確定的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

『例』 I have read this book.(我了解書的內(nèi)容) I read this book last year.(說(shuō)明去年看的)



4．一般將來(lái)時(shí)

一般將來(lái)時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞shall/will加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。shall(用于第一人稱，will用于任何人稱。表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間連用。如：tomorrow, next week等。但在表示準(zhǔn)備、計(jì)劃、打算做某事時(shí)，常用be going to加動(dòng)詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)?！豪?We're going to see Uncle Wang tomorrow.

5．一般過(guò)去時(shí)

一般過(guò)去時(shí)由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示，表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。過(guò)去式分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。

規(guī)則變化：

6．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)由was/were加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成，表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。

『例』

What were you doing at this time yesterday? My mother was cooking when I got home.

7．過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由should/would加動(dòng)詞原形或was/were going to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的事情，常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。 『例』

I didn't know when he would come back.

8．過(guò)去完成時(shí)

過(guò)去完成時(shí)由had加過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，表示過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作或時(shí)間以前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，也可指從過(guò)去某時(shí)開始到過(guò)去另一時(shí)為止的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：

A.by last month, by the end of last term等； B.before he came here, when I got there.『例』 By the end of last term they had learned about twenty English songs. The film had already begun when we got there.

注意：before與ago的用法有區(qū)別。

before表示“距過(guò)去某時(shí)…以前”，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去，用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)； ago表示“距今…以前”，即從現(xiàn)在起的過(guò)去，用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。