第一篇：初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞一教案

第8單元 動(dòng)詞(一)

（一）動(dòng)詞的種類(lèi)

動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞，按其詞義和在句子中的作用可分為行為動(dòng)詞，連系動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 1．行為動(dòng)詞

行為動(dòng)詞可分為及物動(dòng)詞(vt)和不及物動(dòng)詞(vi)，及物動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，后跟賓語(yǔ)；不及物動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，但后面不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)，如要帶賓語(yǔ)則與介詞或副詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)?！豪华ore and more people study English.(vt) The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)

2．連系動(dòng)詞

連系動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，必須與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。常用的連系動(dòng)詞有be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。『例』 Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. It feels damp.

3．助動(dòng)詞

助動(dòng)詞本身無(wú)詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，表示否定，疑問(wèn)及動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)等語(yǔ)法特征，助動(dòng)詞有be,do,have,shall,will等?！豪?How do you usually come to school? The children are playing yo-yo now.

4．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的意義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can(could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等?！豪?Can I help you?-Must we go now? –No, you needn’t.a.can與be able to的用法有所區(qū)別。can只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)，指本身有能力的“能”；be able to用于各種時(shí)態(tài)均可，指須經(jīng)過(guò)努力而“能”。

b.must與have/has to的用法。must表示說(shuō)話人主觀認(rèn)為“必須”，只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)；have/has to表示客觀需要，意為“不得不”，它可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。 c．need和dare既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作行為動(dòng)詞。



（二）動(dòng)詞不定式

動(dòng)詞不定式to do沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，但可以和助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，又可以在句子中作賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。但它畢竟是動(dòng)詞，因此，具有動(dòng)詞的許多特點(diǎn)，如它可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。

1．作主語(yǔ)：

『例』To learn English is very important. 但實(shí)際上不定式作主語(yǔ)常用it來(lái)作形式主語(yǔ)，而將不定式移至謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后作真正的主語(yǔ)。如上句可表達(dá)為：It's very important to learn English.

2．作表語(yǔ)：

『例』 My idea is to ring him up at once.

3．作賓語(yǔ)：

『例』 I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School.

4．作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：

a.ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等動(dòng)詞后面接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。『例』The policemen asked him to get off the bus.

b.hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

『例』 We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.

c.let, make, have這些使役動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中這些不帶to的都須帶上to。

『例』In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.d.動(dòng)詞help接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，可帶to也可不帶to。『例』Can you help me(to)carry the heavy bag? 

5．作定語(yǔ)。

a.與被修飾詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面的介詞千萬(wàn)不要省略。

『例』 Maybe they have three rooms to live in. b.與被修飾詞有主謂關(guān)系。

『例』 Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave. c.與被修飾之間只有修飾關(guān)系。

『例』 I have no time to play cards.

6．作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的、原因、方法、方向、結(jié)果等。『例』 I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station.

7．不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“for sb.to do sth” 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用“It is +adj+ for sb.to do sth” 的句式。It is interesting(difficult, hard, easy, important, dangerous, important, possible, late , time)for sb to do sth.『例』It's dangerous for you to ride so fast. It's very kind of you to help me.It is interesting for us to read this story.It’s late for me to have class.It is important for her to stay at school.形容詞good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever, right, wrong, careful等用“It is +adj +of sb.to do sth.” It is kind(nice good careful careless)of sb to do sth.其他形容詞用for。『例』 It is very kind of you to give me a hand.It is careless of him to do exercises.8．動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問(wèn)句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等連用?！豪籌 don't know when to start.= I don't know when we'll start. He didn't tell me where to go.=He didn't tell me where he would go.I don’t know where to go.We knew who(whom)to ask.He wants to know what to do.I want to know why to stand there.

I didn’t know how to when to leave.Do you know how to answer this question? 注意：

a.有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能帶不定式，只能接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。

如：enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(錯(cuò)過(guò)),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等?！豪?The peasants are busy picking apples. Would you mind my opening the door?

b.有些動(dòng)詞后可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，但意思不同?！豪?Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(該寄但還沒(méi)做) Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已經(jīng)寄過(guò)信了)

They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作) They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作)

9.不定式的否定形式：

在to 前加not.(not to do sth.)

『例』 Ask her not to speak loudly.We found people not to throw it about.Tell the students not to make much noise.10.let , make, have，had better=’d better，will you please= would you please= could you

please(跟動(dòng)詞原形,否定式是在第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形前加not)

『例』 Let’s go.Let me see.Li Feng made the baby stop crying.Don’t have them be in trouble.You had better turn the radio down.Will you please sweep the floor?

Let us not talk.Make him not shout again.You’d better not come back.Will(Would)you please not follow me? Could you please not tell me about it?

11.wish 和hope 的用法：

希望做某事： hope to do sth.wish to do sth.希望某人做某事： wish sb to do sth hope+that 賓語(yǔ)從句 『例』 It hope to get an English dictionary.You wish to stay here.（你希望留在這。）We hope(that)we can see you again.= We hope to see you again.

第二篇：初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞三教案

第10單元 動(dòng)詞(三)

當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)，它與主語(yǔ)有兩種不同的關(guān)系。若主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，主謂之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，主謂之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由助動(dòng)詞be加及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，由助動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示不同的時(shí)態(tài)。過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成分規(guī)則與不規(guī)則兩部分，規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞變化同動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式.（一）幾種不同的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu) 1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)： be（isamare）+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 『例』 This desk is made of wood and metal. English is spoken by more and more people.2．一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

『例』 A window was broken yesterday. Those tall buildings were built in 1998.3．含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

『例』The classroom must be kept clean and tidy every day.

The book can't be taken out of the reading room.注意：以上三種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)是初中階段的重點(diǎn)，但初中階段同時(shí)也出現(xiàn)了其他結(jié)構(gòu)。見(jiàn)下面。

4．一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：

『例』

An English party will be held on New Year's Day.

Our TV set won't be mended until next Tuesday. 5．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：

be（am／is／are）+being+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 『例』 A new school is being built. Too many trees are still being cut down.6．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：

have/has + been + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

『例』

More than thirty English songs have been taught since September.

The old man has been sent to the hospital.

注意：在初中階段還出現(xiàn)的另三種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，要求理解。7．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：

was/were + being + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 『例』

At that time the hall was being built.8．過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：

should/would +be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

『例』

He said the machine would be invented soon.9．過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)： had+been+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

『例』When I remembered and went back for it, the bag had been taken away by someone.（二）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法

1． 當(dāng)我們不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。

『例』

The old woman was hit when she crossed the street. The apples will be picked next week. 2． 當(dāng)以動(dòng)作的承受者為談話的中心時(shí)。

『例』

My glasses were broken by my little son.

The road must be swept by Class Two.

（三）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。

1． 在hear, see, watch, listen to, look at, feel等感官動(dòng)詞及make, have, let等使役動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，后面接不帶to的不定式。但這些詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，后面接的不定式須帶to,(let通常不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

『例』

Mum made Bill go to bed early.

Bill was made to go to bed early.

They watched the children sing that morning.

The children were watched to sing that morning.2． 帶雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)帶變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可以把其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)后面，多數(shù)是把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)。

『例』 a.Someone will give me a call tomorrow morning.

I will be given a call tomorrow morning.

A call will be given(to)me tomorrow morning.

b.I bought my son a new bike last year.

My son was bought a new bike last year.

A new bike was bought for my son last year.

注意：直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)要為某個(gè)介詞(如：to、for)的賓語(yǔ)，介詞to可省掉(如例a),介詞for不能省略(如例b)。

3． 當(dāng)一個(gè)含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只能把賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不動(dòng)。

『例』

They told him to help me.

He was told to help me.

We hear her singing a new song.

She was heard singing a new song.4． 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，短語(yǔ)中的介詞或副詞不能省略。

『例』

You must take care of your books.

Yours books must be taken care of.

May I try on the coat?

May the coat be tried on?

5． 有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：cook(做飯)、print(印刷)、sell(讀)、miss(丟失)、build(建造)、copy(抄寫(xiě))等，它們的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)就表示被動(dòng)意義。

『例』

My bike is missing.

This kind of sweat is selling well.

再如有些不定式表示性質(zhì)和可能性的形容詞hard, easy, possible等或用于too...to, enough to結(jié)構(gòu)中也表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。

『例』

The problem is too hard to work out.

The air is bad to breathe.

又如在某些動(dòng)詞(詞組)中，用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)含義。

『例』

The Tianzi Mountain is worth seeing.

第三篇：初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞二教案

第9單元 動(dòng)詞(二)

英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，但初中階段常用的有八種，即：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要由動(dòng)詞原形表示，但在第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在詞尾要加s或es，規(guī)則如下：

a.一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-s(讀音規(guī)律同名詞變復(fù)數(shù))，如：play-plays [],like-likes []

b.以字母s,x,ch,sh和o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-es，如：wash-washes [ｗ], teach-teaches [：]

c.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i，再加-es，如：study-studies, fly-flies 

(2)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法：

a.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。

『例』 He gets up early every day. b.表示主語(yǔ)具備的性格、特征和能力等。

『例』 The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. c.表示客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。

『例』 The sun rises in the east.

d.在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。

『例』 I'll tell her about it as soon as she comes back.

2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或目前正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。它由“助動(dòng)詞be(am,is,are)+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。

『例』

The students are singing and dancing now.

現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成如下：

a.一般情況詞尾加-ing,如：look-looking, read-reading

b.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的詞，去e再加-ing,如：ride-riding, leave-leaving

c.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，如果末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)先雙寫(xiě)這一輔音字母，再加-ing, 如： run-running，swim-swimming，prefer-preferring等。但是，有些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示近期按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，這些動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive, return等?！豪籗he is coming to see me next week.

3．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞have/has+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化同它的過(guò)去式.

(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：

a.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。

『例』 We have already seen this film.

The plane hasn't arrived yet.

注意：already，just用于肯定句，yet用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句。

b.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如for a week, since ten years ago等。

『例』 I have lived here since I was born.

He has worked in Shanghai for more than five years.

注意：有些動(dòng)詞代表一個(gè)短暫的動(dòng)作，因而它在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，它們有：begin, start, come, go, buy，sell, die, open, close, join, borrow等。

『例』

His grandfather has died for ten years.由于die是個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，這就要用be來(lái)表示連續(xù)狀態(tài)： 『例』 His grandfather has been dead for ten years.列舉數(shù)例將短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的表達(dá)法： Buy---have die---be deadfinish/end----be over join----be in/be+a+名詞

fall in／get ill—be ill leave/move----be away from／be out of go out----be out

get up----be up get to know-----know



(2)have/has been to與have/has gone to的用法區(qū)別：

have/has been to表示去過(guò)某地現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)返回，表示人已回來(lái)。

have/has gone to表示去某地了，可能已經(jīng)到達(dá)，也可能在去的路上，表示人不在這兒?！豪华ぁ猈here's Jim? —He's gone to Xi'an. I have been to Xi'an.

(3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示某一完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的狀況，所以它不能和確定的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)只單純表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和確定的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

『例』 I have read this book.(我了解書(shū)的內(nèi)容) I read this book last year.(說(shuō)明去年看的)



4．一般將來(lái)時(shí)

一般將來(lái)時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞shall/will加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。shall(用于第一人稱(chēng)，will用于任何人稱(chēng)。表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間連用。如：tomorrow, next week等。但在表示準(zhǔn)備、計(jì)劃、打算做某事時(shí)，常用be going to加動(dòng)詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)?！豪?We're going to see Uncle Wang tomorrow.

5．一般過(guò)去時(shí)

一般過(guò)去時(shí)由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示，表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。過(guò)去式分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。

規(guī)則變化：

6．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)由was/were加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成，表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。

『例』

What were you doing at this time yesterday? My mother was cooking when I got home.

7．過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由should/would加動(dòng)詞原形或was/were going to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的事情，常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。 『例』

I didn't know when he would come back.

8．過(guò)去完成時(shí)

過(guò)去完成時(shí)由had加過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，表示過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作或時(shí)間以前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，也可指從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始到過(guò)去另一時(shí)為止的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：

A.by last month, by the end of last term等； B.before he came here, when I got there.『例』 By the end of last term they had learned about twenty English songs. The film had already begun when we got there.

注意：before與ago的用法有區(qū)別。

before表示“距過(guò)去某時(shí)…以前”，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去，用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)； ago表示“距今…以前”，即從現(xiàn)在起的過(guò)去，用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

第四篇：初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)(動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài))

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)(動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài))

11.1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法

1）經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。

例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七點(diǎn)

離開(kāi)家。

2）客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。例如：

The earth moves around the sun.地球繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中國(guó)東部。3）表示格言或警句。例如：

Pride goes before a fall.驕者必?cái)　?/p>

注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥倫布證實(shí)了地球是圓的。4）現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。例如： I don't want so much.我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)得不錯(cuò)，講的可不行。

比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup.把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now.我正在做功課。

第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說(shuō)明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行 的瞬間動(dòng)作。第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客 觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。11.2 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法

1）在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？ 2）表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。

例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，常在馬路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那時(shí)，布朗一家無(wú)論什么時(shí)候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。

3）句型：It is time for sb.to do sth “到……時(shí)間了” “該……了”。

例如：It is time for you to go to bed.你該睡覺(jué)了。句型：It is time that sb.did sth.“時(shí)間已遲了” “早該……了”，例如: It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺(jué)了。句型：would（had）rather sb.did sth.表示'寧愿某人做某事'。

例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來(lái)吧。

4）wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過(guò)去時(shí)，作試探性的詢(xún)問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求、建議等，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。

例如：I thought you might have some.我以為你想要一些。

比較：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含義：她已不在人間。）Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著）Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去）注意： 用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。1）動(dòng)詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：

Did you want anything else? 您還要些什么嗎？ I wondered if you could help me.能不能幫我一下。2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would。例如：

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車(chē)，能借用一些嗎？

11.3 used to / be used to used to + do：“過(guò)去常?！北硎具^(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。

例如： Mother used not to be so forgetful.老媽過(guò)去沒(méi)那么健忘。

Scarf used to take a walk.斯卡夫過(guò)去常常散步。

be used to + doing：對(duì)……已感到習(xí)慣，或“習(xí)慣于”，to是介詞，后需加名 詞或動(dòng)名詞。

例如： He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習(xí)慣于散步了。

典型例題

----Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.----It's 69568442.A.didn't B.couldn't C.don't D.can't 答案A.本句雖沒(méi)有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但從語(yǔ)意上看出，在聽(tīng)的時(shí)候沒(méi)有聽(tīng)懂這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，因此應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。

11.4 一般將來(lái)時(shí)

1）shall用于第一人稱(chēng)，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱(chēng)，在征求意見(jiàn)時(shí)常用于第二人稱(chēng)。

例如： Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先讀哪一段呢？

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點(diǎn)回家好嗎？

2）be going to +不定式，表示將來(lái)。a.主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。

例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？

b.計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。

例如：The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開(kāi)播。c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事。

例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.看那烏云，快要下雨了。

3）be +不定式表將來(lái)，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。

4）be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。

例如： He is about to leave for Beijing.他馬上要去北京。注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

11.5 be going to / will 用于條件句時(shí)，be going to表將來(lái),will表意愿。例如： If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你要去旅游,你最好一有可能就做好準(zhǔn)備

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.如果你脫下衣服,我們將在鏡子前幫你穿上新衣服 11.6 be to和be going to

be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主觀的打算或 計(jì)劃。例如：

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客觀安排）

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。（主觀安排）11.7 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)

1）下列動(dòng)詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 可以表示將來(lái)，主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火車(chē)明天上午六點(diǎn)開(kāi)。When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.汽車(chē)什么時(shí)候開(kāi)？十分鐘后。

2）以here, there等開(kāi)始的倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如： Here comes the bus.= The bus is coming.車(chē)來(lái)了。There goes the bell.= The bell is ringing.鈴響了。3）在時(shí)間或條件句中。例如：

When Bill comes（不是will come）, ask him to wait for me.比爾來(lái)后，讓他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里，就寫(xiě)信給你。4）在動(dòng)詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如： I hope they have a nice time next week.我希望他們下星期玩得開(kāi)心。Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.離開(kāi)房間前，務(wù)必把窗戶(hù)關(guān)了。11.8 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)

下列動(dòng)詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 可以表示將來(lái)。例如：

I'm leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你會(huì)在這兒呆到下周嗎？ 11.9 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還 存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成：have（has）+過(guò)去分詞。

11.10 比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn) 在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。

2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆為具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：

I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了）

I have seen this film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）Why did you get up so early?（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了）

Who hasn't handed in his paper?（強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交，疑為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）He has been in the League for three years.（在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）He has been a League member for three years.（是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)）注意:句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí),不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。

（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.11.11 用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型

1）It is the first / second time … that… 結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在 完成時(shí)。

例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city.這是我第一次訪問(wèn)這城市。

This is the first time（that）I've heard him sing.這是我第一次聽(tīng)他唱歌。

注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is +形容詞最高級(jí)+that…結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如： This is the best film that I've（ever）seen.這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。

典型例題

（1）---Do you know our town at all?---No, this is the first time I ___ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming 答案B.This is the first time 后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。（2）---Have you ____ been to our town before?---No, it's the first time I ___ here.A.even, come B.even, have come C.ever, come D.ever, have come 答案D.ever意為曾經(jīng)或無(wú)論何時(shí)，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時(shí)。注意： 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)

生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯(cuò)）I have received his letter for a month.（對(duì)）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.11.12 比較since和for Since 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。

例如： I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。(延續(xù))I have lived here since I was born.我從出生起就住在這兒了。(開(kāi)始時(shí)間)注意：并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

I worked here for more than twenty years.（我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。）I have worked here for many years.（現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。）注意：用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法，很容易排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時(shí)中的誤用。

1）（對(duì)）Tom has studied Russian for three years.= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2）（錯(cuò)）Harry has got married for six years.= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.顯然，第二句不對(duì)，它應(yīng)改為 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.11.13 since的四種用法

1）since +過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six）。

例如： I have been here since 1989.1989起，我一直在這兒。2）since +一段時(shí)間+ ago。

例如： I have been here since five months ago.我在這兒，已經(jīng)有五個(gè)月了。

3）since +從句。例如：

Great changes have taken place since you left.你走后，變化可大了。Great changes have taken place since we were here.我們走后，變化可大了。

4）It is +一段時(shí)間+ since從句。例如：

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我考上研究生有兩年了。11.14 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞 1）用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時(shí) 間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：

He has completed the work.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。（表結(jié)果）I've known him since then.我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。（表經(jīng)歷）2）用于till / until從句的差異

延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” 瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示 “到……，才……”。例如：

He didn't come back until ten o'clock.他到10 點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。He slept until ten o'clock.他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。典型例題

1.You don't need to describe her.I ___ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet 答案B.首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。

再次，several times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.---Oh, not at all.I ___here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be 答案A.等待的動(dòng)作由過(guò)去開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。11.15 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 1）概念：表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去

----|----------|--------|----> 其構(gòu)成是had +過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。那時(shí) 以前 那時(shí) 現(xiàn)在 2）用法

a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。例如： She said（that）she had never been to Paris.她告訴我她曾去過(guò)巴黎。b.狀語(yǔ)從句

在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一 般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.警察到達(dá)時(shí)，小偷們?cè)缇团芰恕?/p>

c.表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“原本…，未能…”。例如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.那時(shí)我們希望你能來(lái)，但是你沒(méi)有來(lái)。

3）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as。例如：

He said that he had learned some English before.他說(shuō)過(guò)他以前學(xué)過(guò)一些英語(yǔ)。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.到了十二歲那年，愛(ài)迪生開(kāi)始自己謀生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.湯姆失望了，因?yàn)樗竭_(dá)晚會(huì)時(shí)，大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。典型例題 ：

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.A.had written, left B，were writing, has left C.had written, had left D.were writing, had left 答案D.“把書(shū)忘在辦公室”發(fā)生在“去取書(shū)”這一過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前，因此“忘了書(shū)”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句中when表示的是時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)，表示在“同學(xué)們正忙于……”這一背景下，when所引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。因此前一句應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

注意： had hardly… when 還沒(méi)等…… 就……。例如：

I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me.我剛打開(kāi)門(mén)，他就打了我。

had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如： He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他剛買(mǎi)了這輛車(chē)，轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣(mài)了。11.16 用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)

1）兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，或用then，and，but 等連詞時(shí)，多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：

When she saw the mouse，she screamed.她看到老鼠，就叫了起來(lái)。My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.姑媽給了我一頂帽子，我把它丟了。2）兩個(gè)動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如第一個(gè)動(dòng)作需要若干時(shí)間完成，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：

When I heard the news, I was very excited.我聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息后，很興奮。3）敘述歷史事實(shí)，可不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而只用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如： Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.老師告訴我們，哥倫比亞在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)美州。11.17 將來(lái)完成時(shí)

第五篇：英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法—?jiǎng)釉~時(shí)態(tài)（推薦）

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的時(shí)態(tài)（tense）是一種動(dòng)詞形式，不同的時(shí)態(tài)用以表示不同的時(shí)間與方式。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是表示行為、動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式。因此，當(dāng)我們說(shuō)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候，指的是相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)下的動(dòng)詞形式。

所謂“時(shí)”就是行為發(fā)生的時(shí)段或狀態(tài)存在的時(shí)段，即：“現(xiàn)在、進(jìn)行、過(guò)去、將來(lái)”四種；所謂“態(tài)”就是行為或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)所呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，有一般狀態(tài)、進(jìn)行狀態(tài)、完成狀態(tài)和完成進(jìn)行狀態(tài)四種。由時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)合，便形成下列十六種時(shí)態(tài)： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)，一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)； 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)； 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)，將來(lái)完成時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)；

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)． 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

1.概念：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況、有規(guī)律出現(xiàn)的情況、總是發(fā)生的事和事實(shí)真理。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month?），once a week(day, year, month?），on Sundays（on Mondays ?）.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + do/does +其他；（如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式）。

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ) + am/is/are + not + 其他（此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don't，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞）。5.一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn)，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。6.例句：（1）It seldom snows here.這里很少下雪。

（2）He is always ready to help others.他總是樂(lè)于幫助別人。（3）Action speaks louder than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯。一般過(guò)去時(shí)

1.概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month?），in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式或be的過(guò)去式+名詞。

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ) + was/were + not + 其他(在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞)。5.一般疑問(wèn)句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did 提問(wèn)，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。6.例句：（1）She often came to help us in those days.那些天她經(jīng)常來(lái)幫助我們。（2）I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是這么忙。一般將來(lái)時(shí)

1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。

2.標(biāo)志：Tomorrow, soon, in a few minutes,，the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）主語(yǔ) + am/is/are + going to + do sth（2）主語(yǔ) + will/shall + do + do sth 4.否定句：在系動(dòng)詞is/am/are或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will/shall后加not 5.一般疑問(wèn)句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。{首字母大寫(xiě)} 6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他們將有一場(chǎng)比賽和我們一起研究。

It is going to rain.天要下雨了。一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

1.概念：立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：The next day(morning , year?），the following month(week?），etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + was/were + going to + do + 其它；主語(yǔ) + would/should + do +其它 4.否定形式：主語(yǔ) + was/were + not + going to + do;主語(yǔ) + would/should + not + do.5.一般疑問(wèn)句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6.例句：（1）He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他說(shuō)他第二天要去北京。（2）I asked who was going there.我問(wèn)，誰(shuí)要去那里?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Now, at this time, days, etc.look, listen 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+ be + doing + 其它

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ) + be + not +doing + 其它 5.一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。

6.例句：How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺(jué)如何？ He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現(xiàn)得很好。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念：表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+was/were +doing +其它

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+was/were + not +doing+其它 5.一般疑問(wèn)句：把was或were放于句首。（第一個(gè)字母大寫(xiě)）

6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段時(shí)間她在人民解放軍部隊(duì)工作。When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，我正在讀報(bào)紙。將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念：表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示要在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，并繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常用來(lái)表示詢(xún)問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求等。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，in two days, tomorrow evening 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + shall/will + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其它

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ) + shall/will + not + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其它

5.例句：This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的這個(gè)時(shí)間，他們正坐在電影院。

He won’t be coming to the party.他不去參加聚會(huì)了。過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 1.概念：表示就過(guò)去某一時(shí)間而言，將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，主要用于賓語(yǔ)從句中，尤其多用于間接引語(yǔ)中。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：should/would + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞

3.例句：They said they would be coming.他們說(shuō)了他們將要來(lái)。

He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他說(shuō)他不能來(lái)因?yàn)橐_(kāi)會(huì)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1.概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yet, already ,just, never, ever, so far, by now, since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for + 時(shí)間段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + have/has + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+ 其它

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ) + have/has + not + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+ 其它 5.一般疑問(wèn)句：have或has放句首。

6.例句：I've written an article.我已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了一篇論文。

The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在過(guò)去的幾年，農(nóng)村發(fā)生了巨大的變化。過(guò)去完成時(shí)

1.概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Before, by the end of last year(term, month?），etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + had + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+ 其它

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ) + had + not +p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+ 其它 5.一般疑問(wèn)句：had放于句首。

6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.當(dāng)我們到車(chē)站的時(shí)候，火車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。

By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.到上個(gè)月底，我們已經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)了四本書(shū)?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + had + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+ 其它 ①肯定句：主語(yǔ) + had + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+ 其它

②否定句：主語(yǔ) + had + not + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+ 其它 ③一般疑問(wèn)句：Had +主語(yǔ) + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+其它 ④特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞 + 一般疑問(wèn)句 將來(lái)完成時(shí)

1.概念：在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻之前開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：by the time of;by the end of + 時(shí)間短語(yǔ)（將來(lái)）；by the time + 從句（將來(lái)）3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + be going to/will/shall + have + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+ 其它 4例句：By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回來(lái)的時(shí)候，就將發(fā)生巨大的變化。過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)

1.概念：表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間對(duì)將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻以前所會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反。

2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：should/would have done sth.3.例句：I thought you'd have left by this time.我想這會(huì)兒你已經(jīng)走了。

He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告訴他們他會(huì)在8點(diǎn)以前干完。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念：表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。這一動(dòng)作可能剛剛開(kāi)始，也可能仍在繼續(xù)，并可能延續(xù)到將來(lái)。

2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + have/has + been + doing + 其它 3.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for + 時(shí)間段等。

4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.我已經(jīng)在這里坐了一個(gè)小時(shí)。

The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.從6點(diǎn)起，孩子們一直看電視。過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念：表示某個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，持續(xù)到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻，還未完成，一直持續(xù)到之后的當(dāng)前才結(jié)束。

2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + had + been + doing + 其它

3.例子：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考試之前一直患重感冒。

Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他們期待這個(gè)消息有一段時(shí)間了吧？ 4.特殊含義：①尚未完成：He had been writing the novel.他已經(jīng)在寫(xiě)小說(shuō)了。（他沒(méi)寫(xiě)完）②企圖：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)這個(gè)諺語(yǔ)。（他曾努力學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)它）③未得結(jié)果：We had been studying what our enemy had said.我們一直致力于敵人所說(shuō)的。（但是我們沒(méi)有理解）

④最近情況：He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一場(chǎng)架。（最近）⑤反復(fù)動(dòng)作：He had been asking me the same question.他一直問(wèn)我相同的問(wèn)題。（屢次）⑥情緒：What had he been doing？他做了什么 將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念：表示動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間。是否繼續(xù)下去，要視上下文而定。

2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：shall/will have been doing 3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我將在這個(gè)工廠工作20年了。

If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there.咱們?nèi)绮豢煲稽c(diǎn)兒，等我們到了那兒，店門(mén)就會(huì)關(guān)了。過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念：表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看至未來(lái)某時(shí)以前會(huì)一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：should/would + have + been +現(xiàn)在分詞

3.例子：He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告訴我，到年底時(shí)，他就在那住了30年了。