第一篇：哥本哈根會議

哥本哈根氣候變化大會由展示期望進入核心討論

發(fā)表日期：2009年12月14日 出處：內(nèi)蒙古新聞網(wǎng) 【編

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13日，哥本哈根氣候變化大會休會一天，這也標志著大會的第一階段已經(jīng)結(jié)束。自7日會議開幕以來，各方代表已從最初的展示期望、隨后的觀點交鋒，逐步進入到對協(xié)議草案的核心討論之中。

《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》秘書處執(zhí)行秘書德布爾曾將此次哥本哈根大會分為三個階段，主角分別是談判代表、各國部長和政府領(lǐng)導人?，F(xiàn)在，各國部長在周末紛紛抵達。人們正期待他們能在前一階段展示期望和觀點交鋒的基礎(chǔ)上商定各種實質(zhì)性問題，以便各國政府領(lǐng)導人在最后的峰會上一錘定音。

期望目標一致較高

在大會頭兩天，各方代表著重利用會議發(fā)言和新聞發(fā)布會等機會闡述己方對會議的期望?？偟膩碚f，絕大部分國家都希望本次會議能夠達成一份長期的具有約束力的協(xié)議。不過，這并不包括美國。

德布爾在開幕致辭中說，這份協(xié)議的內(nèi)容應該包括減緩氣候變化、適應氣候變化、資金、技術(shù)、保護森林和能力建設等多個方面，而且應該“在會議結(jié)束當天就可以立即開展實施行動”。

廣大發(fā)展中國家一致支持這個目標，并提出了各自的期望細節(jié)。代表非洲國家的阿爾及利亞外交官杰穆艾·卡邁勒說，這份協(xié)議應該提供新的、額外的、可持續(xù)的、可預見的資金和技術(shù)支持。東南亞國家聯(lián)盟也在一份聲明中說，新協(xié)議應該規(guī)定長期的行動目標。

歐盟輪值主席國瑞典環(huán)境大臣安德烈亞斯·卡爾格倫也表示，哥本哈根會議應該達成“一份有法律約束力的協(xié)議”，并“包含《京都議定書》的所有基本要素”。

只有美國代表多次在不同場合表示，要在哥本哈根達成一份“法律條約”非常困難，會議結(jié)果更可能是“政治宣言”。美國退出了國際社會應對氣候變化有法律效力的協(xié)議《京都議定書》，其氣候變化特使托德·斯特恩還重申：“我們肯定不會重返《京都議定書》?！?/p>

蘇丹高級外交官易卜拉欣在代表“77國集團和中國”發(fā)言時指出，哥本哈根會議不能只有一份類似“政治宣言”的結(jié)果，而是應該為發(fā)達國家的減排目標和資金支持做出具體規(guī)定。兩年前簽署的“巴厘路線圖”早已為哥本哈根會議做出了這樣的明確規(guī)劃，現(xiàn)在會議各方要做的就是將“巴厘路線圖”的規(guī)定完全落到實處。

“建設性”爭論推動會議前行

雖然各方都有達成協(xié)議的良好愿望，但在減排目標和資金支持等核心問題上，各方觀點仍然存在較大差距，不可避免地出現(xiàn)了一些激烈爭論。但正如大會主席康妮·赫澤高所說，各方認真坐下來談判，出現(xiàn)爭論也是“建設性”的。

在減排目標上，中國國家發(fā)展和改革委員會副主任解振華在接受記者采訪時指出，本次大會需要確定發(fā)達國家到2020年的中期減排目標究竟是多少。按照聯(lián)合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會(IPCC)的測算，這一目標應該是減排25%到40%，發(fā)展中國家普遍要求發(fā)達國家減排40%。

美國和歐盟等目前承諾的減排目標與上述要求還有差距，如美國宣布的減排目標折算后還不到4%。歐盟也仍然堅持減排20%、如大會達成協(xié)議則增加到30%的觀點。目前尚未見到有關(guān)各方在這個最核心的問題上有松動跡象。

資金支持方面已經(jīng)取得了一些進展。歐盟11日宣布說，將在2010年至2012年間每年向發(fā)展中國家提供24億歐元的援助資金，幫助它們應對氣候變化帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。

不過，這與發(fā)展中國家的要求還有距離。如最不發(fā)達國家認為，發(fā)達國家的資金援助應達到它們國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的1.5%，這將超過每年3000億美元。蘇丹外交官盧蒙巴·迪亞平在代表“77國集團和中國”發(fā)言時也表示，歐盟允諾的資金“不是個大數(shù)目”。

但這一積極行動的方向還是受到了歡迎。中國代表團副團長蘇偉說，現(xiàn)在至少能看見天上有個餡餅了，我們期待它能夠盡早掉下來。

此外，大會還出現(xiàn)了一些新的動向。如發(fā)展中國家內(nèi)部在控制溫度上升幅度目標上出現(xiàn)了一些分歧，現(xiàn)在廣泛討論的是2攝氏度目標，而一些最易受氣候變化影響的非洲國家和小島國則提議1.5攝氏度的目標。

一些新的應對氣候變化觀點也出現(xiàn)在大會上。如中國國家人口和計劃生育委員會副主任趙白鴿建議，將人口問題寫進大會的成果文件。她說，中國在過去30年里少生了4億人，以此推算，每年減少約18億噸二氧化碳排放。在氣候變化談判中，有必要算好這筆人口賬。

“主席草案”開啟核心討論

在12日晚間的新聞發(fā)布會上，大會主席赫澤高說，兩個特設工作組的主席日前分別提出各自草案，標志著“大會真正開始了核心討論”。

其實，大會第一周出現(xiàn)了多種草案，被一些媒體稱為“草案的戰(zhàn)爭”。首先是一份見不得光的“丹麥草案”。大會第二天，西方媒體“泄露”出主辦國丹麥提出的這份協(xié)議草案，試探發(fā)展中國家反應，希望影響大會輿論。

這份草案對發(fā)達國家到2020年的中期減排目標未提出具體要求，卻要求發(fā)展中國家的總體排放量應在某年達到峰值，受到廣大發(fā)展中國家猛烈抨擊。在暗箱操作、不透明等各種質(zhì)疑下，丹麥出面申明這份草案“根本不存在”。

而《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》秘書處執(zhí)行秘書德布爾說，只有大會主席在參會方要求下提出的文件才算是正式文本，“丹麥草案”從來沒有以任何方式擺在談判桌上。他并沒有否定“草案”的存在，認為這可能是會議有關(guān)方面“為工作方便而自備的文件”。

“丹麥草案”一石激起千層浪，由中國、印度、南非、巴西“基礎(chǔ)四國”準備的草案也適時流出，太平洋島國圖瓦盧更是代表小島國正式提交了一份對《京都議定書》的修訂案，強烈要求發(fā)達國家加大減排力度，進行了針鋒相對的回應。

11日，《京都議定書》特設工作組和《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》長期合作特設工作組的兩位主席分別提交了自己的官方草案。其中，長期合作特設工作組的7頁草案當天就被媒體泄露，引發(fā)熱烈討論。12日，大會官方網(wǎng)站正式公布了兩份草案的內(nèi)容。

《京都議定書》工作組的草案共27頁，其中關(guān)于各國減排目標的表格多是空白，像是等著第二周談判做“填空題”；而長期合作工作組的7頁草案中列出了若干選項，如溫度控制目標是2或1.5攝氏度，發(fā)達國家到2050年長期減排目標有75%至85%、80%至95%、超過95%共3個選項，更像等著人們做“選擇題”。

德布爾和赫澤高在12日晚聯(lián)合舉行了第一階段“收官”新聞發(fā)布會，兩人均表示“主席草案”收到的反響良好，為下一步談判提供了討論基礎(chǔ)。當晚，中國代表團副團長蘇偉也在一個新聞發(fā)布會上對兩份草案表示了歡迎。

赫澤高說，雖然13日是星期天，沒有正式會議，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有各國部長陸續(xù)抵達，“他們?nèi)匀粫苊Α薄?/p>

德布爾說，部長們帶來了良好的意愿，但還需要將此轉(zhuǎn)化為行動，這樣才能保證各國領(lǐng)導人在最后的峰會上簽署一份有意義的協(xié)議，“這樣我們才能驕傲地離開哥本哈根”。

第二篇：哥本哈根演講稿

哥本哈根演講稿

此時此刻，全世界幾十億人都在注視著哥本哈根。我們應當有利于推動人類應對氣候變化的歷史進程。

氣候變化是當今全球面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)。遏制氣候變暖，拯救地球家園，是全人類共同的使命，每個小學生，每個人，都應當責無旁貸地行動起來。

近三十年來，中國現(xiàn)代化建設取得的成就已為世人矚目。在這里我還要告訴各位，中國在發(fā)展的進程中要高度重視氣候變化問題，從中國人民和人類長遠發(fā)展的根本利益出發(fā)，應為應對氣候變化做出了不懈努力和積極貢獻。

——中國是最早制定實施《應對氣候變化國家方案》的發(fā)展中國家。先后制定和修訂了節(jié)約能源法、可再生能源法、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟促進法、清潔生產(chǎn)促進法、森林法、草原法和民用建筑節(jié)能條例等一系列法律法規(guī)，把法律法規(guī)作為應對氣候變化的重要手段。這一點，雖然制定了，但是我們做得并不好。所以，我們要從小就養(yǎng)成節(jié)約環(huán)保的好習慣。從自我做起，從現(xiàn)在做起！

——雖然中國已是近年來節(jié)能減排力度最大的國家，不斷完善稅收制度，積極推進資源性產(chǎn)品價格改革，加快建立能夠充分反映市場供求關(guān)系、資源稀缺程度、環(huán)境損害成本的價格形成機制。全面實施十大重點節(jié)能工程和千家企業(yè)節(jié)能計劃，在工業(yè)、交通、建筑等重點領(lǐng)域開展節(jié)能行動，并深入推進循環(huán)經(jīng)濟試點，大力推廣節(jié)能環(huán)保汽車，實施節(jié)能產(chǎn)品惠民工程。推動淘汰高耗能、高污染的落后產(chǎn)能，但我們做的還不夠，我們需要做的更好，這樣我們才能拯救地球！

中國現(xiàn)在已是新能源和可再生能源增長速度最快的國家。我們在保護生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)上，有序發(fā)展水電，積極發(fā)展核電，鼓勵支持農(nóng)村、邊遠地區(qū)和條件適宜地區(qū)大力發(fā)展生物質(zhì)能、太陽能、地熱、風能等新型可再生能源。2005年至2008年，可再生能源增長51％，年均增長14．7％。2008年可再生能源利用量達到2．5億噸標準煤。農(nóng)村有3050萬戶用上沼氣，相當于少排放二氧化碳4900多萬噸。水電裝機容量、核電在建規(guī)模、太陽能熱水器集熱面積和光伏發(fā)電容量均居世界第一位。

中國還是世界人工造林面積最大的國家。我們持續(xù)大規(guī)模開展退耕還林和植樹造林，大力增加森林碳匯。2003至2008年，森林面積凈增2054萬公頃，森林蓄積量凈增11．23億立方米。目前人工造林面積達5400萬公頃，居世界第一。

中國有13億人口，人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值剛剛超過3000美元，按照聯(lián)合國標準，還有1．5億人生活在貧困線以下，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟、改善民生的任務十分艱巨。我國正處于工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵階段，能源結(jié)構(gòu)以煤為主，降低排放存在特殊困難。但是，我們始終把應對氣候變化作為重要戰(zhàn)略任務。1990至2005年，單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放強度下降46％。在此基礎(chǔ)上，我們又提出，到2020年單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40％－45％，在如此長時間內(nèi)這樣大規(guī)模降低二氧化碳排放，需要付出艱苦卓絕的努力。我們的減排目標將作為約束性指標納入國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展的中長期規(guī)劃，保證承諾的執(zhí)行受到法律和輿論的監(jiān)督。我們將進一步完善國內(nèi)統(tǒng)計、監(jiān)測、考核辦法，改進減排信息的披露方式，增加透明度，積極開展國際交流、對話與合作。我們中國已經(jīng)做得很好！讓我們?yōu)槲覀冞@么大的成就歡呼吧!

但是，我們還要做得更好！讓我們更好的約束自我，更好的來珍愛 保護地球吧！

從自我做起，從現(xiàn)在做起！

第三篇：2009.12.18溫家寶在哥本哈根氣候變化會議領(lǐng)導人會議上的講話

溫家寶在哥本哈根氣候變化會議領(lǐng)導人會議上的講話

Wen Jiabao speech to COP15 Copenhagen

凝聚共識加強合作推進應對氣候變化歷史進程

Build Consensus and Strengthen Cooperation to Advance the Historical Process of Combating Climate Change

The following is the full text of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's address, delivered at the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit here on Friday:

(2009年12月18日哥本哈根)

拉斯穆森首相閣下，各位同事：

Prime Minister Rasmussen, Dear Colleagues,此時此刻，全世界幾十億人都在注視著哥本哈根。我們在此表達的意愿和做出的承諾，應當有利于推動人類應對氣候變化的歷史進程。站在這個講壇上，我深感責任重大。

At this very moment, billions of people across the world are following closely what is happening here in Copenhagen.The will that we express and the commitments that we make here should help push forward mankind's historical process of combating climate change.Standing at this podium, I am deeply aware of the heavy responsibility.氣候變化是當今全球面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)。遏制氣候變暖，拯救地球家園，是全人類共同的使命，每個國家和民族，每個企業(yè)和個人，都應當責無旁貸地行動起來。

Climate change is a major global challenge.It is the common mission of the entire mankind to curb global warming and save our planet.It is incumbent upon all of us, each and every country, nation, enterprise and individual to act, and act now in response to this challenge.近三十年來，中國現(xiàn)代化建設取得的成就已為世人矚目。在這里我還要告訴各位，中國在發(fā)展的進程中高度重視氣候變化問題，從中國人民和人類長遠發(fā)展的根本利益出發(fā)，為應對氣候變化做出了不懈努力和積極貢獻。The past 30 years have seen remarkable progress in China's modernization drive.Let me share with you here that China has taken climate change very seriously in the course of its development.Bearing in mind the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and mankind's long-term development, we have exerted unremitting effort and made positive contribution to the fight against climate change.-中國是最早制定實施《應對氣候變化國家方案》的發(fā)展中國家。先后制定和修訂了節(jié)約能源法、可再生能源法、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟促進法、清潔生產(chǎn)促進法、森林法、草原法和民用建筑節(jié)能條例等一系列法律法規(guī)，把法律法規(guī)作為應對氣候變化的重要手段。

China was the first developing country to adopt and implement a National Climate Change Program.We have formulated or revised the Energy Conservation Law, Renewable Energy Law, Circular Economy Promotion Law, Clean Production Promotion Law, Forest Law, Grassland Law and Regulations on Civil Building Efficiency.Laws and regulations have been an important means for us to address climate change.-中國是近年來節(jié)能減排力度最大的國家。我們不斷完善稅收制度，積極推進資源性產(chǎn)品價格改革，加快建立能夠充分反映市場供求關(guān)系、資源稀缺程度、環(huán)境損害成本的價格形成機制。全面實施十大重點節(jié)能工程和千家企業(yè)節(jié)能計劃，在工業(yè)、交通、建筑等重點領(lǐng)域開展節(jié)能行動。深入推進循環(huán)經(jīng)濟試點，大力推廣節(jié)能環(huán)保汽車，實施節(jié)能產(chǎn)品惠民工程。推動淘汰高耗能、高污染的落后產(chǎn)能，2006至2008年共淘汰低能效的煉鐵產(chǎn)能6059萬噸、煉鋼產(chǎn)能4347萬噸、水泥產(chǎn)能1.4億噸、焦炭產(chǎn)能6445萬噸。截至今年上半年，中國單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗比2005年降低13%，相當于少排放8億噸二氧化碳。

China has made the most intensive efforts in energy conservation and pollution reduction in recent years.We have improved the taxation system and advanced the pricing reform of resource products with a view to putting in place at an early date a pricing mechanism that is responsive to market supply and demand, resource scarcity level and the cost of environmental damage.We have introduced 10 major energy conservation projects and launched an energy conservation campaign involving 1,000 enterprises, bringing energy-saving action to industry, transportation, construction and other key sectors.We have implemented pilot projects on circular economy, promoted energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles and supported the use of energy-saving products by ordinary households with government subsidies.We have worked hard to phase out backward production facilities that are energy intensive and heavily polluting.The inefficient production capacity that China eliminated between 2006 and 2008 stood at 60.59 million tons for iron, 43.47 million tons of steel, 140 million tons for cement and 64.45 million tons for coke.By the end of the first half of this year, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP had dropped by 13 percent from the 2005 level, equivalent to reducing 800 million tons of carbon dioxide.-中國是新能源和可再生能源增長速度最快的國家。我們在保護生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)上，有序發(fā)展水電，積極發(fā)展核電，鼓勵支持農(nóng)村、邊遠地區(qū)和條件適宜地區(qū)大力發(fā)展生物質(zhì)能、太陽能、地熱、風能等新型可再生能源。2005年至2008年，可再生能源增長51%，年均增長14.7%。2008年可再生能源利用量達到2.5億噸標準煤。農(nóng)村有3050萬戶用上沼氣，相當于少排放二氧化碳4900多萬噸。水電裝機容量、核電在建規(guī)模、太陽能熱水器集熱面積和光伏發(fā)電容量均居世界第一位。

-China has enjoyed the fastest growth of new energy and renewable energy.On the basis of protecting the eco-environment, we have developed hydro power in an orderly way, actively developed nuclear power, and encouraged and supported the development of renewable energy including biomass, solar and geothermal energy and wind power in the countryside, remote areas and other places with the proper conditions.Between 2005 and 2008, renewable energy increased by 51 percent, representing an annual growth rate of 14.7 percent.In 2008, the use of renewable energy reached an equivalent of 250 million tons of standard coal.A total of 30.5 million rural households gained access to bio-gas, equivalent to a reduction of 49 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.China ranked first in the world in terms of installed hydro power capacity, nuclear power capacity under construction, the coverage of solar water heating panels and photovoltaic power capacity.-中國是世界人工造林面積最大的國家。我們持續(xù)大規(guī)模開展退耕還林和植樹造林，大力增加森林碳匯。2003至2008年，森林面積凈增2054萬公頃，森林蓄積量凈增11.23億立方米。目前人工造林面積達5400萬公頃，居世界第一。

-China has the largest area of man-made forests in the world.We have continued with the large-scale endeavor to return to farmland to forest and expand a forestation, and made vigorous effort to increase forest carbon sink.Between 2003 and 2008, China's forest coverage registered a net increase of 20.54 million hectares and forest stock volume rose by 1.123 billion cubic meters.The total area of man-made forests in China has reached 45 million hectares, the largest in the world.中國有13億人口，人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值剛剛超過3000美元，按照聯(lián)合國標準，還有1.5億人生活在貧困線以下，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟、改善民生的任務十分艱巨。我國正處于工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵階段，能源結(jié)構(gòu)以煤為主，降低排放存在特殊困難。但是，我們始終把應對氣候變化作為重要戰(zhàn)略任務。1990至2005年，單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放強度下降46%。在此基礎(chǔ)上，我們又提出，到2020年單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%，在如此長時間內(nèi)這樣大規(guī)模降低二氧化碳排放，需要付出艱苦卓絕的努力。我們的減排目標將作為約束性指標納入國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展的中長期規(guī)劃，保證承諾的執(zhí)行受到法律和輿論的監(jiān)督。我們將進一步完善國內(nèi)統(tǒng)計、監(jiān)測、考核辦法，改進減排信息的披露方式，增加透明度，積極開展國際交流、對話與合作。China has a 1.3 billion population and its per capita GDP has only exceeded 3,000 U.S.dollars.According to the U.N.standards, we still have 150 million people living below the poverty line and we therefore face the arduous task of developing the economy and improving people's livelihood.China is now at an important stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and, given the predominant role of coal in our energy mix, we are confronted with special difficulty in emission reduction.However, we have always regarded addressing climate change as an important strategic task.Between 1990 and 2005, China's carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP were reduced by 46 percent.Building on that, we have set the new target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45 percent by 2020 from the 2005 level.To reduce carbon dioxide emissions on such a large scale and over such an extended period of time will require tremendous efforts on our part.Our target will be incorporated into China's mid-and-long term plan for national economic and social development as a mandatory one to ensure that its implementation is subject to the supervision by the law and public opinions.We will further enhance the domestic-statistical, monitoring and evaluation methods, improve the way for releasing emission reduction information, increase transparency and actively engage in international exchange, dialogue and cooperation.各位同事，Dear Colleagues,應對氣候變化需要國際社會堅定信心，凝聚共識，積極努力，加強合作。必須始終牢牢把握以下幾點：

To meet the climate challenge, the international community must strengthen confidence, build consensus, make vigorous effort and enhance cooperation.And we must always adhere to the following three principles:

第一，保持成果的一致性。應對氣候變化不是從零開始的，國際社會已經(jīng)為之奮斗了幾十年。《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》及其《京都議定書》是各國經(jīng)過長期艱苦努力取得的成果，凝聚了各方的廣泛共識，是國際合作應對氣候變化的法律基礎(chǔ)和行動指南，必須倍加珍惜、鞏固發(fā)展。本次會議的成果必須堅持而不能模糊公約及其議定

書的基本原則，必須遵循而不能偏離“巴厘路線圖”的授權(quán)，必須鎖定而不能否定業(yè)已達成的共識和談判取得的進展。

First, maintaining the consistency of outcomes:

The campaign against climate change has not just started.In fact, the international community has been engaged in this endeavor for decades.The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol are the outcomes of long and hard work by all countries.They reflect the broad consensus among all parties and serve as the legal basis and guide for international cooperation on climate change.And as such, they must be highly valued and further strengthened and developed.The outcome of this conference must stick to rather than obscure the basic principles enshrined in the Convention and the Protocol.It must follow rather than deviate from the mandate of the “Bali Roadmap”.It should lock up rather than deny the consensus and progress already achieved in the negotiations.第二，堅持規(guī)則的公平性?！肮餐袇^(qū)別的責任”原則是國際合作應對氣候變化的核心和基石，應當始終堅持。近代工業(yè)革命200年來，發(fā)達國家排放的二氧化碳占全球排放總量的80%。如果說二氧化碳排放是氣候變化的直接原因，誰該承擔主要責任就不言自明。無視歷史責任，無視人均排放和各國的發(fā)展水平，要求近幾十年才開始工業(yè)化、還有大量人口處于絕對貧困狀態(tài)的發(fā)展中國家承擔超出其應盡義務和能力范圍的減排目標，是毫無道理的。發(fā)達國家如今已經(jīng)過上富裕生活，但仍維持著遠高于發(fā)展中國家的人均排放，且大多屬于消費型排放；相比之下，發(fā)展中國家的排放主要是生存排放和國際轉(zhuǎn)移排放。今天全球仍有24億人以煤炭、木炭、秸稈為主要燃料，有16億人沒有用上電。應對氣候變化必須在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的框架下統(tǒng)籌安排，決不能以延續(xù)發(fā)展中國家的貧窮和落后為代價。發(fā)達國家必須率先大幅量化減排并向發(fā)展中國家提供資金和技術(shù)支持，這是不可推卸的道義責任，也是必須履行的法律義務。發(fā)展中國家應根據(jù)本國國情，在發(fā)達國家資金和技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓支持下，盡可能減緩溫室氣體排放，適應氣候變化。

Second, upholding the fairness of rules:

The principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”represents the core and bedrock of international cooperation on climate change and it must never be compromised.Developed countries account for 80 percent of the total global carbon dioxide emissions since the Industrial Revolution over 200 years ago.If we all agree that carbon dioxide emissions are the direct cause for climate change, then it is all too clear who should take the primary responsibility.Developing countries only started industrialization a few decades ago and many of their people still live in abject poverty today.It is totally unjustified to ask them to undertake emission reduction targets beyond their due obligations and capabilities in disregard of historical responsibilities, per capita emissions and different levels of development.Developed countries, which are already leading an affluent life, still maintain a level of per capita emissions that is far higher than that of developing countries, and most of their emissions are attributed to consumption.In comparison, emissions from developing countries are primarily survival emissions and international transfer emissions.Today, 2.4 billion people in the world still rely on coal, charcoal, and stalks as main fuels, and 1.6 billion people have no access to electricity.Action on climate change must be taken within the framework of sustainable development and should by no means compromise the efforts of developing countries to get rid of poverty and backwardness.Developed countries must take the lead in making deep quantified emission cuts and provide financial and technological support to developing countries.This is an unshirkable moral responsibility as well as a legal obligation that they must fulfill.Developing countries should, with the financial and technological support of developed countries, do what they can to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change in the light of their national conditions.第三，注重目標的合理性。中國有句成語：千里之行，始于足下。西方也有句諺語：羅馬不是一天建成的。應對氣候變化既要著眼長遠，更要立足當前?！毒┒甲h定書》明確規(guī)定了發(fā)達國家至2012年第一承諾期的減排指標。但從實際執(zhí)行情況看，不少發(fā)達國家的排放不減反增。目前發(fā)達國家已經(jīng)公布的中期減排目標與協(xié)議的要求和國際社會的期望仍有相當距離。確定一個長遠的努力方向是必要的，更重要的是把重點放在完成近期和中期減排目標上，放在兌現(xiàn)業(yè)已做出的承諾上，放在行動上。一打綱領(lǐng)不如一個行動，我們應該通過切實的行動，讓人們看到希望。

And third, paying attention to the practicality of the targets:

There is a Chinese proverb which goes, “A one-thousand-mile journey starts with the first step.”Similarly, there is a saying in the West which reads,“Rome was not built in one day.” In tackling climate change, we need to take a long-term perspective, but more importantly, we should focus on the present.The Kyoto Protocol has clearly set out the emission reduction targets for developed countries in the first commitment period by 2012.However, a review of implementation

shows that the emissions from many developed countries have increased rather than decreased.And the mid-term reduction targets recently announced by developed countries fall considerably short of the requirements of the Convention and the expectations of the international community.Itis necessary to set a direction for our long-term efforts, but it is even more important to focus on achieving near-term and mid-term reduction targets, honoring the commitments already made and taking real action.One action is more useful than a dozen programs.We should give people hope by taking credible actions.第四，確保機制的有效性。應對氣候變化，貴在落實行動，重在機制保障。國際社會要在公約框架下做出切實有效的制度安排，促使發(fā)達國家兌現(xiàn)承諾，向發(fā)展中國家持續(xù)提供充足的資金支持，加快轉(zhuǎn)讓氣候友好技術(shù)，有效幫助發(fā)展中國家、特別是小島嶼國家、最不發(fā)達國家、內(nèi)陸國家、非洲國家加強應對氣候變化的能力建設。Fourth, ensure the effectiveness of institutions and mechanisms:

Concrete actions and institutional guarantee are essential to our effort on tackling climate change.The international community should make concrete and effective institutional arrangements under the Convention and urge developed countries to honor their commitments, provide sustained and sufficient financial support to developing countries, speed up the transfer of climate-friendly technologies and effectively help developing countries, especially small island states, least developed countries, landlocked countries and African countries, strengthen their capacity in combating climate change.最后，我要強調(diào)的是，中國政府確定減緩溫室氣體排放的目標是中國根據(jù)國情采取的自主行動，是對中國人民和全人類負責的，不附加任何條件，不與任何國家的減排目標掛鉤。我們言必信、行必果，無論本次會議達成什么成果，都將堅定不移地為實現(xiàn)、甚至超過這個目標而努力。

I wish to conclude by underlining that it is with a sense of responsibility to the Chinese people and the whole mankind that the Chinese government has set the target for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.This is a voluntary action China has taken in the light of its national circumstances.We have not attached any condition to the target, nor have we linked it to the target of any other country.We will honor our word with real action.Whatever outcome this conference may produce, we will be fully committed to achieving and even exceeding the target.謝謝！

Thank you.

第四篇：溫家寶總理在哥本哈根氣候變化會議領(lǐng)導人會議上的講話

溫家寶總理在哥本哈根氣候變化會議領(lǐng)導人會議上的講話 2009年12月18日，國務院總理溫家寶在丹麥哥本哈根氣候變化會議領(lǐng)導人會議上發(fā)表了題為《凝聚共識 加強合作 推進應對氣候變化歷史進程》的重要講話。講話全文如下：

凝聚共識 加強合作 推進應對氣候變化歷史進程

——在哥本哈根氣候變化會議領(lǐng)導人會議上的講話

中華人民共和國國務院總理 溫家寶(2009年12月18日 哥本哈根)Build Consensus and Strengthen Cooperation

To Advance the Historical Process of Combating Climate Change

Address by H.E.Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China

At the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit

Copenhagen, 18 December 2009

拉斯穆森首相閣下，各位同事： Prime Minister Rasmussen, Dear Colleagues, 此時此刻，全世界幾十億人都在注視著哥本哈根。我們在此表達的意愿和做出的承諾，應當有利于推動人類應對氣候變化的歷史進程。站在這個講壇上，我深感責任重大。

At this very moment, billions of people across the world are following closely what is happening here in Copenhagen.The will that we express and the commitments that we make here should help push forward mankind's historical process of combating climate change.Standing at this podium, I am deeply aware of the heavy responsibility.氣候變化是當今全球面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)。遏制氣候變暖，拯救地球家園，是全人類共同的使命，每個國家和民族，每個企業(yè)和個人，都應當責無旁貸地行動起來。

Climate change is a major global challenge.It is the common mission of the entire mankind to curb global warming and save our planet.It is incumbent upon all of us, each and every country, nation, enterprise and individual to act, and act now in response to this challenge.近三十年來，中國現(xiàn)代化建設取得的成就已為世人矚目。在這里我還要告訴各位，中國在發(fā)展的進程中高度重視氣候變化問題，從中國人民和人類長遠發(fā)展的根本利益出發(fā)，為應對氣候變化做出了不懈努力和積極貢獻。

The past 30 years have seen remarkable progress in China's modernization drive.Let me share with you here that China has taken climate change very seriously in the course of its development.Bearing in mind the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and mankind's long-term development, we have exerted unremitting effort and made positive contribution to the fight against climate change.——中國是最早制定實施《應對氣候變化國家方案》的發(fā)展中國家。先后制定和修訂了節(jié)約能源法、可再生能源法、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟促進法、清潔生產(chǎn)促進法、森林法、草原法和民用建筑節(jié)能條例等一系列法律法規(guī)，把法律法規(guī)作為應對氣候變化的重要手段。

China was the first developing country to adopt and implement a National Climate Change Program.We have formulated or revised the Energy Conservation Law, Renewable Energy Law, Circular Economy Promotion Law, Clean Production Promotion Law, Forest Law, Grassland Law and Regulations on Civil Building Efficiency.Laws and regulations have been an important means for us to address climate change.——中國是近年來節(jié)能減排力度最大的國家。我們不斷完善稅收制度，積極推進資源性產(chǎn)品價格改革，加快建立能夠充分反映市場供求關(guān)系、資源稀缺程度、環(huán)境損害成本的價格形成機制。全面實施十大重點節(jié)能工程和千家企業(yè)節(jié)能計劃，在工業(yè)、交通、建筑等重點領(lǐng)域開展節(jié)能行動。深入推進循環(huán)經(jīng)濟試點，大力推廣節(jié)能環(huán)保汽車，實施節(jié)能產(chǎn)品惠民工程。推動淘汰高耗能、高污染的落后產(chǎn)能，2006至2008年共淘汰低能效的煉鐵產(chǎn)能6059萬噸、煉鋼產(chǎn)能4347萬噸、水泥產(chǎn)能1.4億噸、焦炭產(chǎn)能6445萬噸。截至今年上半年，中國單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗比2005年降低13%，相當于少排放8億噸二氧化碳。

China has made the most intensive efforts in energy conservation and pollution reduction in recent years.We have improved the taxation system and advanced the pricing reform of resource products with a view to putting in place at an early date a pricing mechanism that is responsive to market supply and demand, resource scarcity level and the cost of environmental damage.We have introduced 10 major energy conservation projects and launched an energy conservation campaign involving 1,000 enterprises, bringing energy-saving action to industry, transportation, construction and other key sectors.We have implemented pilot projects on circular economy, promoted energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles and supported the use of energy-saving products by ordinary households with government subsidies.We have worked hard to phase out backward production facilities that are energy intensive and heavily polluting.The inefficient production capacity that China eliminated between 2006and 2008 stood at 60.59 million tons for iron, 43.47 million tons of steel, 140 million tons for cement and 64.45 million tons for coke.By the end of the first half of this year, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP had dropped by 13 percent from the 2005 level, equivalent to reducing 800 million tons of carbon dioxide.——中國是新能源和可再生能源增長速度最快的國家。我們在保護生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)上，有序發(fā)展水電，積極發(fā)展核電，鼓勵支持農(nóng)村、邊遠地區(qū)和條件適宜地區(qū)大力發(fā)展生物質(zhì)能、太陽能、地熱、風能等新型可再生能源。2005年至2008年，可再生能源增長51%，年均增長14.7%。2008年可再生能源利用量達到2.5億噸標準煤。農(nóng)村有3050萬戶用上沼氣，相當于少排放二氧化碳4900多萬噸。水電裝機容量、核電在建規(guī)模、太陽能熱水器集熱面積和光伏發(fā)電容量均居世界第一位。--China has enjoyed the fastest growth of new energy and renewable energy.On the basis of protecting the eco-environment, we have developed hydro power in an orderly way, actively developed nuclear power, and encouraged and supported the development of renewable energy including biomass, solar and geothermal energy and wind power in the countryside, remote areas and other places with the proper conditions.Between 2005 and 2008,renewable energy increased by 51 percent, representing an annual growth rate of 14.7 percent.In 2008, the use of renewable energy reached an equivalent of 250 million tons of standard coal.A total of 30.5 million rural households gained access to bio-gas, equivalent to a reduction of 49 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.China ranked first in the world in terms of installed hydro power capacity, nuclear power capacity under construction, the coverage of solar water heating panels and photovoltaic power capacity.——中國是世界人工造林面積最大的國家。我們持續(xù)大規(guī)模開展退耕還林和植樹造林，大力增加森林碳匯。2003至2008年，森林面積凈增2054萬公頃，森林蓄積量凈增11.23億立方米。目前人工造林面積達5400萬公頃，居世界第一。--China has the largest area of man-made forests in the world.We have continued with the large-scale endeavor to return to farmland to forest and expand a forestation, and made vigorous effort to increase forest carbon sink.Between 2003 and 2008, China's forest coverage registered a net increase of 20.54 million hectares and forest stock volume rose by 1.123 billion cubic meters.The total area of man-made forests in China has reached 45million hectares, the largest in the world.中國有13億人口，人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值剛剛超過 3000美元，按照聯(lián)合國標準，還有1.5億人生活在貧困線以下，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟、改善民生的任務十分艱巨。我國正處于工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵階段，能源結(jié)構(gòu)以煤為主，降低排放存在特殊困難。但是，我們始終把應對氣候變化作為重要戰(zhàn)略任務。1990至2005年，單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放強度下降 46%。在此基礎(chǔ)上，我們又提出，到2020年單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%，在如此長時間內(nèi)這樣大規(guī)模降低二氧化碳排放，需要付出艱苦卓絕的努力。我們的減排目標將作為約束性指標納入國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展的中長期規(guī)劃，保證承諾的執(zhí)行受到法律和輿論的監(jiān)督。我們將進一步完善國內(nèi)統(tǒng)計、監(jiān)測、考核辦法，改進減排信息的披露方式，增加透明度，積極開展國際交流、對話與合作。

China has a 1.3 billion population and its per capita GDP has only exceeded 3,000 U.S.dollars.According to the U.N.standards, we still have 150 million people living below the poverty line and we therefore face the arduous task of developing the economy and improving people's livelihood.China is now at an important stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and, given the predominant role of coal in our energy mix, we are confronted with special difficulty in emission reduction.However, we have always regarded addressing climate change as an important strategic task.Between 1990 and 2005, China's carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP were reduced by 46 percent.Building on that, we have set the new target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45 percent by 2020 from the 2005 level.To reduce carbon dioxide emissions on such a large scale and over such an extended period of time will require tremendous efforts on our part.Our target will be incorporated into China's mid-and-long term plan for national economic and social development as a mandatory one to ensure that its implementation is subject to the supervision by the law and public opinions.We will further enhance the domestic-statistical, monitoring and evaluation methods, improve the way for releasing emission reduction information, increase transparency and actively engage in international exchange, dialogue and cooperation.各位同事，Dear Colleagues, 應對氣候變化需要國際社會堅定信心，凝聚共識，積極努力，加強合作。必須始終牢牢把握以下幾點：

To meet the climate challenge, the international community must strengthen confidence, build consensus, make vigorous effort and enhance cooperation.And we must always adhere to the following three principles: 第一，保持成果的一致性。

First, maintaining the consistency of outcomes:

應對氣候變化不是從零開始的，國際社會已經(jīng)為之奮斗了幾十年?！堵?lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》及其《京都議定書》是各國經(jīng)過長期艱苦努力取得的成果，凝聚了各方的廣泛共識，是國際合作應對氣候變化的法律基礎(chǔ)和行動指南，必須倍加珍惜、鞏固發(fā)展。本次會議的成果必須堅持而不能模糊公約及其議定書的基本原則，必須遵循而不能偏離“巴厘路線圖”的授權(quán)，必須鎖定而不能否定業(yè)已達成的共識和談判取得的進展。

The campaign against climate change has not just started.In fact, the international community has been engaged in this endeavor for decades.The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol are the outcomes of long and hard work by all countries.They reflect the broad consensus among all parties and serve as the legal basis and guide for international cooperation on climate change.And as such, they must be highly valued and further strengthened and developed.The outcome of this conference must stick to rather than obscure the basic principles enshrined in the Convention and the Protocol.It must follow rather than deviate from the mandate of the “Bali Roadmap”.It should lock up rather than deny the consensus and progress already achieved in the negotiations.第二，堅持規(guī)則的公平性。

Second, upholding the fairness of rules:

“共同但有區(qū)別的責任”原則是國際合作應對氣候變化的核心和基石，應當始終堅持。近代工業(yè)革命200年來，發(fā)達國家排放的二氧化碳占全球排放總量的80%。如果說二氧化碳排放是氣候變化的直接原因，誰該承擔主要責任就不言自明。無視歷史責任，無視人均排放和各國的發(fā)展水平，要求近幾十年才開始工業(yè)化、還有大量人口處于絕對貧困狀態(tài)的發(fā)展中國家承擔超出其應盡義務和能力范圍的減排目標，是毫無道理的。發(fā)達國家如今已經(jīng)過上富裕生活，但仍維持著遠高于發(fā)展中國家的人均排放，且大多屬于消費型排放；相比之下，發(fā)展中國家的排放主要是生存排放和國際轉(zhuǎn)移排放。今天全球仍有24億人以煤炭、木炭、秸稈為主要燃料，有16億人沒有用上電。應對氣候變化必須在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的框架下統(tǒng)籌安排，決不能以延續(xù)發(fā)展中國家的貧窮和落后為代價。發(fā)達國家必須率先大幅量化減排并向發(fā)展中國家提供資金和技術(shù)支持，這是不可推卸的道義責任，也是必須履行的法律義務。發(fā)展中國家應根據(jù)本國國情，在發(fā)達國家資金和技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓支持下，盡可能減緩溫室氣體排放，適應氣候變化。

The principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities ”represents the core and bedrock of international cooperation on climate change and it must never be compromised.Developed countries account for 80 percent of the total global carbon dioxide emissions since the Industrial Revolution over 200 years ago.If we all agree that carbon dioxide emissions are the direct cause for climate change, then it is all too clear who should take the primary responsibility.Developing countries only started industrialization a few decades ago and many of their people still live in abject poverty today.It is totally unjustified to ask them to undertake emission reduction targets beyond their due obligations and capabilities in disregard of historical responsibilities, per capita emissions and different levels of development.Developed countries, which are already leading an affluent life, still maintain a level of per capita emissions that is far higher than that of developing countries, and most of their emissions are attributed to consumption.In comparison, emissions from developing countries are primarily survival emissions and international transfer emissions.Today, 2.4 billion people in the world still rely on coal, charcoal, and stalks as main fuels, and 1.6 billion people have no access to electricity.Action on climate change must be taken within the framework of sustainable development and should by no means compromise the efforts of developing countries to get rid of poverty and backwardness.Developed countries must take the lead in making deep quantified emission cuts and provide financial and technological support to developing countries.This is an unshirkable moral responsibility as well as a legal obligation that they must fulfill.Developing countries should, with the financial and technological support of developed countries, do what they can to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change in the light of their national conditions.第三，注重目標的合理性。

And third, paying attention to the practicality of the targets:

中國有句成語：千里之行，始于足下。西方也有句諺語：羅馬不是一天建成的。應對氣候變化既要著眼長遠，更要立足當前?！毒┒甲h定書》明確規(guī)定了發(fā)達國家至2012年第一承諾期的減排指標。但從實際執(zhí)行情況看，不少發(fā)達國家的排放不減反增。目前發(fā)達國家已經(jīng)公布的中期減排目標與協(xié)議的要求和國際社會的期望仍有相當距離。確定一個長遠的努力方向是必要的，更重要的是把重點放在完成近期和中期減排目標上，放在兌現(xiàn)業(yè)已做出的承諾上，放在行動上。一打綱領(lǐng)不如一個行動，我們應該通過切實的行動，讓人們看到希望。

There is a Chinese proverb which goes, “A one-thousand-mile journey starts with the first step.” Similarly, there is a saying in the West which reads, “Rome was not built in one day.” In tackling climate change, we need to take a long-term perspective, but more importantly, we should focus on the present.The Kyoto Protocol has clearly set out the emission reduction targets for developed countries in the first commitment period by 2012.However, a review of implementation shows that the emissions from many developed countries have increased rather than decreased.And the mid-term reduction targets recently announced by developed countries fall considerably short of the requirements of the Convention and the expectations of the international community.Itis necessary to set a direction for our long-term efforts, but it is even more important to focus on achieving near-term and mid-term reduction targets, honoring the commitments already made and taking real action.One action is more useful than a dozen programs.We should give people hope by taking credible actions.第四，確保機制的有效性。

Fourth, ensure the effectiveness of institutions and mechanisms:

應對氣候變化，貴在落實行動，重在機制保障。國際社會要在公約框架下做出切實有效的制度安排，促使發(fā)達國家兌現(xiàn)承諾，向發(fā)展中國家持續(xù)提供充足的資金支持，加快轉(zhuǎn)讓氣候友好技術(shù)，有效幫助發(fā)展中國家、特別是小島嶼國家、最不發(fā)達國家、內(nèi)陸國家、非洲國家加強應對氣候變化的能力建設。

Concrete actions and institutional guarantee are essential to our effort on tackling climate change.The international community should make concrete and effective institutional arrangements under the Convention and urge developed countries to honor their commitments, provide sustained and sufficient financial support to developing countries, speed up the transfer of climate-friendly technologies and effectively help developing countries, especially small island states, least developed countries, landlocked countries and African countries, strengthen their capacity in combating climate change.最后，我要強調(diào)的是，中國政府確定減緩溫室氣體排放的目標是中國根據(jù)國情采取的自主行動，是對中國人民和全人類負責的，不附加任何條件，不與任何國家的減排目標掛鉤。我們言必信、行必果，無論本次會議達成什么成果，都將堅定不移地為實現(xiàn)、甚至超過這個目標而努力。

I wish to conclude by underlining that it is with a sense of responsibility to the Chinese people and the whole mankind that the Chinese government has set the target for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.This is a voluntary action China has taken in the light of its national circumstances.We have not attached any condition to the target, nor have we linked it to the target of any other country.We will honor our word with real action.Whatever outcome this conference may produce, we will be fully committed to achieving and even exceeding the target.謝謝！Thank you.

第五篇：溫家寶在哥本哈根氣候變化會議領(lǐng)導人會議上的講話 英漢對照

凝聚共識加強合作推進應對氣候變化歷史進程

Build Consensus and Strengthen Cooperation to Advance the Historical Process of Combating Climate Change

The following is the full text of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's address, delivered at the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit here on Friday:

(2009年12月18日哥本哈根)

拉斯穆森首相閣下，各位同事：

Prime Minister Rasmussen, Dear Colleagues,此時此刻，全世界幾十億人都在注視著哥本哈根。我們在此表達的意愿和做出的承諾，應當有利于推動人類應對氣候變化的歷史進程。站在這個講壇上，我深感責任重大。

At this very moment, billions of people across the world are following closely what is happening here in Copenhagen.The will that we express and the commitments that we make here should help push forward mankind's historical process of combating climate change.Standing at this podium, I am deeply aware of the heavy responsibility.氣候變化是當今全球面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)。遏制氣候變暖，拯救地球家園，是全人類共同的使命，每個國家和民族，每個企業(yè)和個人，都應當責無旁貸地行動起來。Climate change is a major global challenge.It is the common mission of the entire mankind to curb global warming and save our planet.It is incumbent upon all of us, each and every country, nation, enterprise and individual to act, and act now in response to this challenge.近三十年來，中國現(xiàn)代化建設取得的成就已為世人矚目。在這里我還要告訴各位，中國在發(fā)展的進程中高度重視氣候變化問題，從中國人民和人類長遠發(fā)展的根本利益出發(fā)，為應對氣候變化做出了不懈努力和積極貢獻。

The past 30 years have seen remarkable progress in China's modernization drive.Let me share with you here that China has taken climate change very seriously in the course of its development.Bearing in mind the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and mankind's long-term development, we have exerted unremitting effort and made positive contribution to the fight against climate change.中國是最早制定實施《應對氣候變化國家方案》的發(fā)展中國家。先后制定和修訂了節(jié)約能源法、可再生能源法、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟促進法、清潔生產(chǎn)促進法、森林法、草原法和民用建筑節(jié)能條例等一系列法律法規(guī)，把法律法規(guī)作為應對氣候變化的重要手段。

China was the first developing country to adopt and implement a National Climate Change Program.We have formulated or revised the Energy Conservation Law, Renewable Energy Law, Circular Economy Promotion Law, Clean Production Promotion Law, Forest Law, Grassland Law and Regulations on Civil Building Efficiency.Laws and regulations have been an important means for us to address1

climate change.中國是近年來節(jié)能減排力度最大的國家。我們不斷完善稅收制度，積極推進資源性產(chǎn)品價格改革，加快建立能夠充分反映市場供求關(guān)系、資源稀缺程度、環(huán)境損害成本的價格形成機制。全面實施十大重點節(jié)能工程和千家企業(yè)節(jié)能計劃，在工業(yè)、交通、建筑等重點領(lǐng)域開展節(jié)能行動。深入推進循環(huán)經(jīng)濟試點，大力推廣節(jié)能環(huán)保汽車，實施節(jié)能產(chǎn)品惠民工程。推動淘汰高耗能、高污染的落后產(chǎn)能，2006至2008年共淘汰低能效的煉鐵產(chǎn)能6059萬噸、煉鋼產(chǎn)能4347萬噸、水泥產(chǎn)能

1.4億噸、焦炭產(chǎn)能6445萬噸。截至今年上半年，中國單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗比2005年降低13%，相當于少排放8億噸二氧化碳。

China has made the most intensive efforts in energy conservation and pollution reduction in recent years.We have improved the taxation system and advanced the pricing reform of resource products with a view to putting in place at an early date a pricing mechanism that is responsive to market supply and demand, resource scarcity level and the cost of environmental damage.We have introduced 10 major energy conservation projects and launched an energy conservation campaign involving 1,000 enterprises, bringing energy-saving action to industry, transportation, construction and other key sectors.We have implemented pilot projects on circular economy, promoted energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles and supported the use of energy-saving products by ordinary households with government subsidies.We have worked hard to phase out backward production facilities that are energy intensive and heavily polluting.The inefficient production capacity that China eliminated between 2006 and 2008 stood at 60.59 million tons for iron, 43.47 million tons of steel, 140 million tons for cement and 64.45 million tons for coke.By the end of the first half of this year, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP had dropped by 13 percent from the 2005 level, equivalent to reducing 800 million tons of carbon dioxide.中國是新能源和可再生能源增長速度最快的國家。我們在保護生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)上，有序發(fā)展水電，積極發(fā)展核電，鼓勵支持農(nóng)村、邊遠地區(qū)和條件適宜地區(qū)大力發(fā)展生物質(zhì)能、太陽能、地熱、風能等新型可再生能源。2005年至2008年，可再生能源增長51%，年均增長14.7%。2008年可再生能源利用量達到2.5億噸標準煤。農(nóng)村有3050萬戶用上沼氣，相當于少排放二氧化碳4900多萬噸。水電裝機容量、核電在建規(guī)模、太陽能熱水器集熱面積和光伏發(fā)電容量均居世界第一位。

-China has enjoyed the fastest growth of new energy and renewable energy.On the basis of protecting the eco-environment, we have developed hydro power in an orderly way, actively developed nuclear power, and encouraged and supported the development of renewable energy including biomass, solar and geothermal energy and wind power in the countryside, remote areas and other places with the proper conditions.Between 2005 and 2008, renewable energy increased by 51 percent, representing an annual growth rate of 14.7 percent.In 2008, the use of renewable energy reached an equivalent of 250 million tons of standard coal.A total of 30.5 million rural households gained access to bio-gas, equivalent to a reduction of 49 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.China ranked first in the world in terms of installed hydro power capacity, nuclear power capacity under construction, the

coverage of solar water heating panels and photovoltaic power capacity.中國是世界人工造林面積最大的國家。我們持續(xù)大規(guī)模開展退耕還林和植樹造林，大力增加森林碳匯。2003至2008年，森林面積凈增2054萬公頃，森林蓄積量凈增11.23億立方米。目前人工造林面積達5400萬公頃，居世界第一。-China has the largest area of man-made forests in the world.We have continued with the large-scale endeavor to return to farmland to forest and expand a forestation, and made vigorous effort to increase forest carbon sink.Between 2003 and 2008, China's forest coverage registered a net increase of 20.54 million hectares and forest stock volume rose by 1.123 billion cubic meters.The total area of man-made forests in China has reached 45 million hectares, the largest in the world.中國有13億人口，人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值剛剛超過3000美元，按照聯(lián)合國標準，還有1.5億人生活在貧困線以下，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟、改善民生的任務十分艱巨。我國正處于工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵階段，能源結(jié)構(gòu)以煤為主，降低排放存在特殊困難。但是，我們始終把應對氣候變化作為重要戰(zhàn)略任務。1990至2005年，單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放強度下降46%。在此基礎(chǔ)上，我們又提出，到2020年單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%，在如此長時間內(nèi)這樣大規(guī)模降低二氧化碳排放，需要付出艱苦卓絕的努力。我們的減排目標將作為約束性指標納入國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展的中長期規(guī)劃，保證承諾的執(zhí)行受到法律和輿論的監(jiān)督。我們將進一步完善國內(nèi)統(tǒng)計、監(jiān)測、考核辦法，改進減排信息的披露方式，增加透明度，積極開展國際交流、對話與合作。

China has a 1.3 billion population and its per capita GDP has only exceeded 3,000 U.S.dollars.According to the U.N.standards, we still have 150 million people living below the poverty line and we therefore face the arduous task of developing the economy and improving people's livelihood.China is now at an important stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and, given the predominant role of coal in our energy mix, we are confronted with special difficulty in emission reduction.However, we have always regarded addressing climate change as an important strategic task.Between 1990 and 2005, China's carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP were reduced by 46 percent.Building on that, we have set the new target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45 percent by 2020 from the 2005 level.To reduce carbon dioxide emissions on such a large scale and over such an extended period of time will require tremendous efforts on our part.Our target will be incorporated into China's mid-and-long term plan for national economic and social development as a mandatory one to ensure that its implementation is subject to the supervision by the law and public opinions.We will further enhance the domestic-statistical, monitoring and evaluation methods, improve the way for releasing emission reduction information, increase transparency and actively engage in international exchange, dialogue and cooperation.各位同事，Dear Colleagues,應對氣候變化需要國際社會堅定信心，凝聚共識，積極努力，加強合作。必須始

終牢牢把握以下幾點：

To meet the climate challenge, the international community must strengthen confidence, build consensus, make vigorous effort and enhance cooperation.And we must always adhere to the following three principles:

第一，保持成果的一致性。應對氣候變化不是從零開始的，國際社會已經(jīng)為之奮斗了幾十年?！堵?lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》及其《京都議定書》是各國經(jīng)過長期艱苦努力取得的成果，凝聚了各方的廣泛共識，是國際合作應對氣候變化的法律基礎(chǔ)和行動指南，必須倍加珍惜、鞏固發(fā)展。本次會議的成果必須堅持而不能模糊公約及其議定書的基本原則，必須遵循而不能偏離“巴厘路線圖”的授權(quán)，必須鎖定而不能否定業(yè)已達成的共識和談判取得的進展。

First, maintaining the consistency of outcomes:

The campaign against climate change has not just started.In fact, the international community has been engaged in this endeavor for decades.The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol are the outcomes of long and hard work by all countries.They reflect the broad consensus among all parties and serve as the legal basis and guide for international cooperation on climate change.And as such, they must be highly valued and further strengthened and developed.The outcome of this conference must stick to rather than obscure the basic principles enshrined in the Convention and the Protocol.It must follow rather than deviate from the mandate of the “Bali Roadmap”.It should lock up rather than deny the consensus and progress already achieved in the negotiations.第二，堅持規(guī)則的公平性?！肮餐袇^(qū)別的責任”原則是國際合作應對氣候變化的核心和基石，應當始終堅持。近代工業(yè)革命200年來，發(fā)達國家排放的二氧化碳占全球排放總量的80%。如果說二氧化碳排放是氣候變化的直接原因，誰該承擔主要責任就不言自明。無視歷史責任，無視人均排放和各國的發(fā)展水平，要求近幾十年才開始工業(yè)化、還有大量人口處于絕對貧困狀態(tài)的發(fā)展中國家承擔超出其應盡義務和能力范圍的減排目標，是毫無道理的。發(fā)達國家如今已經(jīng)過上富裕生活，但仍維持著遠高于發(fā)展中國家的人均排放，且大多屬于消費型排放；相比之下，發(fā)展中國家的排放主要是生存排放和國際轉(zhuǎn)移排放。今天全球仍有24億人以煤炭、木炭、秸稈為主要燃料，有16億人沒有用上電。應對氣候變化必須在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的框架下統(tǒng)籌安排，決不能以延續(xù)發(fā)展中國家的貧窮和落后為代價。發(fā)達國家必須率先大幅量化減排并向發(fā)展中國家提供資金和技術(shù)支持，這是不可推卸的道義責任，也是必須履行的法律義務。發(fā)展中國家應根據(jù)本國國情，在發(fā)達國家資金和技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓支持下，盡可能減緩溫室氣體排放，適應氣候變化。Second, upholding the fairness of rules:

The principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”represents the core and bedrock of international cooperation on climate change and it must never be compromised.Developed countries account for 80 percent of the total global carbon dioxide emissions since the Industrial Revolution over 200 years ago.If we all agree that carbon dioxide emissions are the direct cause for climate change, then it is all too clear who should take the primary responsibility.Developing countries only started industrialization a few decades ago and many of their people still live in abject

poverty today.It is totally unjustified to ask them to undertake emission reduction targets beyond their due obligations and capabilities in disregard of historical responsibilities, per capita emissions and different levels of development.Developed countries, which are already leading an affluent life, still maintain a level of per capita emissions that is far higher than that of developing countries, and most of their emissions are attributed to consumption.In comparison, emissions from developing countries are primarily survival emissions and international transfer emissions.Today,2.4 billion people in the world still rely on coal, charcoal, and stalks as main fuels, and 1.6 billion people have no access to electricity.Action on climate change must be taken within the framework of sustainable development and should by no means compromise the efforts of developing countries to get rid of poverty and backwardness.Developed countries must take the lead in making deep quantified emission cuts and provide financial and technological support to developing countries.This is an unshirkable moral responsibility as well as a legal obligation that they must fulfill.Developing countries should, with the financial and technological support of developed countries, do what they can to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change in the light of their national conditions.第三，注重目標的合理性。中國有句成語：千里之行，始于足下。西方也有句諺語：羅馬不是一天建成的。應對氣候變化既要著眼長遠，更要立足當前?！毒┒甲h定書》明確規(guī)定了發(fā)達國家至2012年第一承諾期的減排指標。但從實際執(zhí)行情況看，不少發(fā)達國家的排放不減反增。目前發(fā)達國家已經(jīng)公布的中期減排目標與協(xié)議的要求和國際社會的期望仍有相當距離。確定一個長遠的努力方向是必要的，更重要的是把重點放在完成近期和中期減排目標上，放在兌現(xiàn)業(yè)已做出的承諾上，放在行動上。一打綱領(lǐng)不如一個行動，我們應該通過切實的行動，讓人們看到希望。

And third, paying attention to the practicality of the targets:

There is a Chinese proverb which goes, “A one-thousand-mile journey starts with the first step.”Similarly, there is a saying in the West which reads,“Rome was not built in one day.” In tackling climate change, we need to take a long-term perspective, but more importantly, we should focus on the present.The Kyoto Protocol has clearly set out the emission reduction targets for developed countries in the first commitment period by 2012.However, a review of implementation shows that the emissions from many developed countries have increased rather than decreased.And the mid-term reduction targets recently announced by developed countries fall considerably short of the requirements of the Convention and the expectations of the international community.Itis necessary to set a direction for our long-term efforts, but it is even more important to focus on achieving near-term and mid-term reduction targets, honoring the commitments already made and taking real action.One action is more useful than a dozen programs.We should give people hope by taking credible actions.第四，確保機制的有效性。應對氣候變化，貴在落實行動，重在機制保障。國際社會要在公約框架下做出切實有效的制度安排，促使發(fā)達國家兌現(xiàn)承諾，向發(fā)展中國家持續(xù)提供充足的資金支持，加快轉(zhuǎn)讓氣候友好技術(shù)，有效幫助發(fā)展中國家、特別是小島嶼國家、最不發(fā)達國家、內(nèi)陸國家、非洲國家加強應對氣候變化的能力建設。

Fourth, ensure the effectiveness of institutions and mechanisms:

Concrete actions and institutional guarantee are essential to our effort on tackling climate change.The international community should make concrete and effective institutional arrangements under the Convention and urge developed countries to honor their commitments, provide sustained and sufficient financial support to developing countries, speed up the transfer of climate-friendly technologies and effectively help developing countries, especially small island states, least developed countries, landlocked countries and African countries, strengthen their capacity in combating climate change.最后，我要強調(diào)的是，中國政府確定減緩溫室氣體排放的目標是中國根據(jù)國情采取的自主行動，是對中國人民和全人類負責的，不附加任何條件，不與任何國家的減排目標掛鉤。我們言必信、行必果，無論本次會議達成什么成果，都將堅定不移地為實現(xiàn)、甚至超過這個目標而努力。

I wish to conclude by underlining that it is with a sense of responsibility to the Chinese people and the whole mankind that the Chinese government has set the target for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.This is a voluntary action China has taken in the light of its national circumstances.We have not attached any condition to the target, nor have we linked it to the target of any other country.We will honor our word with real action.Whatever outcome this conference may produce, we will be fully committed to achieving and even exceeding the target.謝謝！

Thank you.