第一篇：溫總理在哥本哈根氣候變化會(huì)議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議上的講話翻譯實(shí)踐報(bào)告

Acknowledgments

is going to run out.And with the accomplishments of my graduation thesis, I’d like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who have offered me invaluable help during the half year of my postgraduate study here.First and foremost, my deepest gratitude will go to Professor Zhang Jinghui, my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance.She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis.Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have been possible.Secondly, I would like to express my deep-hearted gratitude to all my classmates who studied with me throughout this term, and from whom I have benefited a lot from their teaching and enlightening lectures.All these knowledge I have learned from them have prepared myself for writing the thesis.Lastly, my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these times.I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow roommates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis without a word of complaint.摘 要

在國際交流中,國際會(huì)議是一種非常重要的交流形式,做好國際會(huì)議的英語口譯對(duì)加強(qiáng)我國對(duì)外宣傳和交流發(fā)揮重要的橋梁作用。

本翻譯報(bào)告分析了英語口譯的特點(diǎn),結(jié)合奈達(dá)動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等的翻譯理論進(jìn)行實(shí)例分析,從三個(gè)層次分析高質(zhì)量口譯的特點(diǎn)，及我如何在翻譯實(shí)例中改進(jìn)我的翻譯。本文主要從奈達(dá)的功能對(duì)等理論出發(fā),對(duì)《溫總理在哥本哈根氣候變化會(huì)議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議上的講話》的翻譯進(jìn)行初步研究和探索,目的是探討一些有效的口譯策略和手段。

本報(bào)告正文分為以下四部分。第一部：分簡(jiǎn)單介紹文本特點(diǎn)。第二部分：首先，進(jìn)行文本閱讀分析；其次，找出口譯的重、難點(diǎn)，并找出相關(guān)對(duì)策；然后，結(jié)合奈達(dá)動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等的翻譯理論，分析動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等原則在口譯中的運(yùn)用；最后，則是總結(jié)了我在口譯實(shí)踐中的思考。第三部分：全面介紹了口譯者應(yīng)有的素養(yǎng)。第四部分：結(jié)語。本文介紹對(duì)國際會(huì)議上領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人發(fā)言的口譯研究,并文本特點(diǎn)及翻譯策略兩方面《溫總理在哥本哈根氣候變化會(huì)議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議上的講話》的文體特征做了分析。通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),用功能對(duì)等理論來研究口譯，特別是同聲傳譯、即席翻譯領(lǐng)域意義重大。本翻譯報(bào)告理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際,作者認(rèn)為正確選詞對(duì)準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)原文的意義有至關(guān)重要的作用。報(bào)告詳細(xì)分析了如何翻譯正式詞語,修飾語及如何進(jìn)行正確搭配以達(dá)到功能對(duì)等。作者建議在翻譯過程中要進(jìn)行必要的補(bǔ)充和解釋,著重于傳達(dá)深層次的文化內(nèi)涵。

關(guān)鍵詞：國際會(huì)議；動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等；口譯

ABSTRACT

In order to enhance global communication and mutual understanding among states, international conference interpretation serves as a very important form of communication medium.High-quality Interpretation not only plays a vital role in improving China's diplomatic profile but also sets up as foreign propaganda to clarify misunderstandings about the nation.This report analyzes the characteristics of interpreting by using Nida's dynamic equivalence translation theory.And the author’s reflections on how to improve one’s interpretation skills through concrete examples.This report mainly focuses on “Premier Wen at the Copenhagen climate change summit on speech translation for” through Nida's functional equivalence theory.This report is divided into the following four parts.The first part: to introduce the characteristics of text;The second part: to start with, to analyses the reading of the text.next, to find the key and difficulty points during my interpretation and come up with effective solutions;then, to analysis the target oral interpretation text in combination with Nida's dynamic equivalence translation theory;finally, to summarize my reflections on interpretation.The third part: a comprehensive introduction to the job of an interpreter.The fourth part: conclusion.This report takes “the premier at the Copenhagen climate change summit” speech as an example, aiming to explore conference interpretation, particularly simultaneous interpretation, and impromptu translation with Nida’s dynamic equivalence theory.KEY Words：international conference;dynamic equivalence;interpretation

Address by Wen Jiabao At the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit

Copenhagen, 18 December 2009 溫總理在哥本哈根氣候變化會(huì)議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

人會(huì)議上的講話翻譯實(shí)踐報(bào)告

A Thesis Submitted to Prof.Zhang, the Graduate School of Henan University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Completion of the the course: Translation for Foreign Affairs

By Li Zhuoyu

Supervisor: Prof.Zhang

December, 2012

漢語原文

摘自溫總理在哥本哈根氣候變化會(huì)議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議上的講話

中華人民共和國國務(wù)院總理 溫家寶(2009年12月18日 哥本哈根)拉斯穆森首相閣下，各位同事：

此時(shí)此刻，全世界幾十億人都在注視著哥本哈根。我們?cè)诖吮磉_(dá)的意愿和做出的承諾，應(yīng)當(dāng)有利于推動(dòng)人類應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的歷史進(jìn)程。站在這個(gè)講壇上，我深感責(zé)任重大。

??

——中國是最早制定實(shí)施《應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化國家方案》的發(fā)展中國家。先后制定和修訂了節(jié)約能源法、可再生能源法、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)促進(jìn)法、清潔生產(chǎn)促進(jìn)法、森林法、草原法和民用建筑節(jié)能條例等一系列法律法規(guī)，把法律法規(guī)作為應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的重要手段。

——中國是近年來節(jié)能減排力度最大的國家。我們不斷完善稅收制度，積極推進(jìn)資源性產(chǎn)品價(jià)格改革，加快建立能夠充分反映市場(chǎng)供求關(guān)系、資源稀缺程度、環(huán)境損害成本的價(jià)格形成機(jī)制。全面實(shí)施十大重點(diǎn)節(jié)能工程和千家企業(yè)節(jié)能計(jì)劃，在工業(yè)、交通、建筑等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域開展節(jié)能行動(dòng)。深入推進(jìn)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)試點(diǎn)，大力推廣節(jié)能環(huán)保汽車，實(shí)施節(jié)能產(chǎn)品惠民工程。推動(dòng)淘汰高耗能、高污染的落后產(chǎn)能，2006至2008年共淘汰低能效的煉鐵產(chǎn)能6059萬噸、煉鋼產(chǎn)能4347萬噸、水泥產(chǎn)能1.4億噸、焦炭產(chǎn)能6445萬噸。截至今年上半年，中國單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗比2005年降低13%，相當(dāng)于少排放8億噸二氧化碳。

——中國是新能源和可再生能源增長速度最快的國家。我們?cè)诒Ｗo(hù)生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)上，有序發(fā)展水電，積極發(fā)展核電，鼓勵(lì)支持農(nóng)村、邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)和條件適宜地區(qū)大力發(fā)展生物質(zhì)能、太陽能、地?zé)?、風(fēng)能等新型可再生能源。2005年至2008年，可再生能源增長51%，年均增長14.7%。2008年可再生能源利用量達(dá)到2.5億噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤。農(nóng)村有3050萬戶用上沼氣，相當(dāng)于少排放二氧化碳4900多萬噸。水電裝機(jī)容量、核電在建規(guī)模、太陽能熱水器集熱面積和光伏發(fā)電容量均居世界第一位。

——中國是世界人工造林面積最大的國家。我們持續(xù)大規(guī)模開展退耕還林和植樹造林，大力增加森林碳匯。2003至2008年，森林面積凈增2054萬公頃，森林蓄積量凈增11.23億立方米。目前人工造林面積達(dá)5400萬公頃，居世界第一。

中國有13億人口，人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值剛剛超過3000美元，按照聯(lián)合國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，還有1.5億人生活在貧困線以下，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、改善民生的任務(wù)十分艱巨。我國正處于工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵階段，能源結(jié)構(gòu)以煤為主，降低排放存在特殊困難。但是，我們始終把應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化作為重要戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)。1990至2005年，單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放強(qiáng)度下降46%。在此基礎(chǔ)上，我們又提出，到2020年單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%，在如此長時(shí)間內(nèi)這樣大規(guī)模降低二氧化碳排放，需要付出艱苦卓絕的努力。我們的減排目標(biāo)將作為約束性指標(biāo)納入國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的中長期規(guī)劃，保證承諾的執(zhí)行受到法律和輿論的監(jiān)督。我們將進(jìn)一步完善國內(nèi)統(tǒng)計(jì)、監(jiān)測(cè)、考核辦法，改進(jìn)減排信息的披露方式，增加透明度，積極開展國際交流、對(duì)話與合作。

英語譯文

At the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit

Address by Wen Jiabao Copenhagen, 18 December 2009

Dear Colleagues, At this very moment, billions of people across the world are watching closely what is happening in Copenhagen.All the will that we want to express and all the promises that we will make here should help to push forward mankind’s historical process of combating climate change.Standing here, I am deeply aware of the significance of my heavy responsibility.…

— China was the first developing country to set up and implement the National Climate Change Program.We have established or revised successively the Energy Conservation Law, Renewable Energy Law, Circular Economy Promotion Law, Clean Production Promotion Law, Forest Law, Grassland Law and Regulations on Civil Building Efficiency.All the laws and regulations have been an important means for us to cope with this climate change.— China has made the greatest efforts ever in energy conservation and pollution reduction in recent years.We have improved the taxation system and advanced the pricing reform of resource products with a view to putting in place at an early date a pricing mechanism that is responsive to market supply and demand, resource scarcity level and the cost of environmental damage.We have introduced 10 major energy conservation projects and launched an energy conservation campaign involving 1,000 enterprises, bringing energy-saving action to industry, transportation, construction and other key sectors.We have implemented pilot projects on circular economy, promoted energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles and supported the use of energy-saving products by ordinary households with government subsidies.We have worked hard to phase out backward production facilities that are energy intensive and heavily polluting.The inefficient production capacity that China eliminated between 2006 and 2008 stood at 60.59 million tons for iron, 43.47 million tons for steel, 140 million tons for cement and 64.45 million tons for coke.By the end of the first half of this year, China’s energy consumption per unit of GDP had dropped by 13% from the 2005 level, equivalent to reducing 800 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.— China has enjoyed the fastest growth of new energy and renewable energy.On the basis of protecting the eco-environment, we have developed hydro power in an orderly way, actively developed nuclear power, and encouraged and supported the development of renewable energy including biomass, solar and geothermal energy and wind power in the countryside, remote areas and other places with the proper conditions.Between 2005 and 2008, renewable energy increased by 51%, with an annual growth rate of 14.7%.In 2008, the use of renewable energy reached an equivalent of 250 million tons of standard coal.A total of 30.5 million rural households gained access to bio-gas, equivalent to a reduction of 49 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.China ranked first in the world in terms of installed hydro power capacity, nuclear power capacity under construction, the coverage of solar water heating panels and photovoltaic power capacity.— China has the largest area of man-made forests in the world.We have continued with the large-scale endeavor to return farmland to forest and expand forestation, and made vigorous effort to increase forest carbon sink.Between 2003 and 2008, China’s forest coverage registered a net increase of 20.54 million hectares and forest stock volume rose by 1.123 billion cubic meters.The total area of man-made forests in China has reached 54 million hectares, the largest in the world.China has a 1.3 billion population and its per capita GDP has only exceeded US$3,000.According to the UN standards, we still have 150 million people living below the poverty line and we therefore face the arduous task of developing the economy and improving people’s livelihood.China is now at an important stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and, given the predominant role of coal in our energy mix, we are confronted with special difficulty in emission reduction.However, we have always regarded addressing climate change as an important strategic task.Between 1990 and 2005, China’s carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP were reduced by 46%.Building on that, we have set the new target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45% by 2020 from the 2005 level.To reduce carbon dioxide emissions on such a large scale and over such an extended period of time will require tremendous efforts on our part.Our target will be incorporated into China’s mid-and long-term plan for national economic and social development as a mandatory one, and its implementation is subject to the supervision by law and public opinion.We will further enhance domestic statistical, monitoring and evaluation methods, improve the way for releasing emission reduction information, increase transparency and actively engage in international exchanges, dialogue and cooperation.翻譯報(bào)告

1文本介紹

從文體上看,我選的這篇溫總理在哥本哈根氣候變化會(huì)議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議上的講話屬于涉外文書中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在國際會(huì)議上的發(fā)言稿。而國際會(huì)議內(nèi)容千差萬別，涉及某個(gè)領(lǐng)域，比如本篇發(fā)言稿口語化特點(diǎn)比較突出，同時(shí)又比較正式，是典型的口譯文本。

2翻譯過程

2.1翻譯前的準(zhǔn)備 2.1.1文本閱讀

本文是國際氣候變化會(huì)議的口譯，涉及環(huán)境方面的專業(yè)詞匯比較多，政治策彩鮮明。其主要功能在于闡明觀點(diǎn)，向世界匯報(bào)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化我們采取了哪些措施，還有哪些不足之處，以及未來我們承諾要做些什么和世界其它國家一道，共同應(yīng)對(duì)全球變化。2.2專業(yè)詞匯及數(shù)字的翻譯

仔細(xì)閱讀文本不難發(fā)現(xiàn)該文本有兩個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)：一是專業(yè)術(shù)語比較多，二是很多數(shù)字成串出現(xiàn)。2.2.1專業(yè)詞匯的翻譯

口譯員做這類口譯之前應(yīng)該做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，要收集掌握與氣候相關(guān)的詞匯，要善于學(xué)習(xí)與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。文中涉及的專業(yè)詞匯比較多，比如：法律方面的有節(jié)約能源法、可再生能源法、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)促進(jìn)法、清潔生產(chǎn)促進(jìn)法、森林法、草原法，應(yīng)分別譯作the Energy Conservation Law, Renewable Energy Law, Circular Economy Promotion Law, Clean Production Promotion Law, Forest Law, Grassland Law；還有能源方面 的有生物質(zhì)能、太陽能、地?zé)?、風(fēng)能應(yīng)分別譯作biomass, solar and geothermal energy and wind power；此外還有機(jī)械方面的有水電裝機(jī)容量、核電在建規(guī)模、太陽能熱水器集熱面積和光伏發(fā)電容量，應(yīng)分別譯作installed hydro power capacity, nuclear power capacity under construction, the coverage of solar water heating panels and photovoltaic power capacity等。2.2.2數(shù)字的翻譯

如：2006至2008年共淘汰低能效的煉鐵產(chǎn)能6059萬噸、煉鋼產(chǎn)能4347萬噸、水泥產(chǎn)能1.4億噸、焦炭產(chǎn)能6445萬噸。截至今年上半年，中國單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗比2005年降低13%，相當(dāng)于少排放8億噸二氧化碳。

在準(zhǔn)備數(shù)字翻譯時(shí)要注意英漢兩種語言的不同表達(dá)方法，注意平時(shí)積累，翻譯時(shí)要注意多使用幾種不同的表達(dá)方式，使語言聽起來流暢自然而且富有變化。注意萬噸表達(dá)，多使用百位數(shù)后接million再接計(jì)量單位噸；中國單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗比2005年降低13%,相當(dāng)于??可使用，?drop by 13% from the 2005 level，equivalent to?句型來表達(dá)，顯得句式整齊而且意思一目了然。我的譯文本著這一思路就處理成：

The inefficient production capacity that China eliminated between 2006 and 2008 stood at 60.59 million tons for iron, 43.47 million tons for steel, 140 million tons for cement and 64.45 million tons for coke.By the end of the first half of this year, China’s energy consumption per unit of GDP had dropped by 13% from the 2005 level, equivalent to reducing 800 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.2.3 翻譯理論和實(shí)踐結(jié)合

本譯文主要采用的翻譯理論——主要是美國語言學(xué)家奈達(dá)提出的“動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等”。

國內(nèi)口譯界一般把口譯（主要是指即席口譯）的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定為：準(zhǔn)確，通順，及時(shí)。同聲口譯更是要追求：達(dá)意，通順，迅速。核心是“達(dá)意”，不達(dá)意再“通順”，再“迅速”都是沒有意義的。

奈達(dá)提出的的“形式對(duì)等和動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等”概念（formal vs.dynamic equivalence），尤其是“動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等”對(duì)口譯啟發(fā)最大。他對(duì)翻譯的定義是：Translating consists in producing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.也就是說翻譯追求兩種語言信息的最近似的自然等值，首先是在意義方面，其次在風(fēng)格方面。這一定義尤其適合同聲傳譯，我們知道同時(shí)傳譯有其局限性，由于受內(nèi)外因素（題材、時(shí)間、速度、設(shè)備、情緒等）的制約，同聲傳譯應(yīng)該追求動(dòng)態(tài)的對(duì)等，即，先達(dá)到意義上的等值，再追求風(fēng)格的對(duì)等，要遵循神似為主，形似為輔的原則。所謂“動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等”，就必須跳出形式對(duì)等的框架，尋求兩種語言在傳達(dá)思想和情感上的對(duì)等。

口譯中一個(gè)詞一個(gè)句子的口譯往往就能充分顯示這種“動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等”。換言之，口譯中也有“煉詞”和“琢句”的問題。例如：sophisticated weapons 第一遍可能譯成“復(fù)雜的武器”，講話人幾次重復(fù)后，譯員則可能譯出更好的表達(dá)“尖端武器”；Be a man！開始可能譯作“要像個(gè)男人”，后來可能改進(jìn)成“要像個(gè)男子漢!”。結(jié)合同傳和本篇文章，我們從三個(gè)層次來分析耐達(dá)的“動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等”。A．充分達(dá)意（透過表層結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)入深層結(jié)構(gòu)的譯文，與原文最近似的等值）；

B．基本達(dá)意（受原話表層結(jié)構(gòu)的部分束縛，但原話的基本意思已表達(dá)出來）；

C．表層達(dá)意（受原話表層結(jié)構(gòu)的嚴(yán)重束縛，只能表達(dá)原話的表層意思）。

這三個(gè)層次形成一種動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等的狀況：高質(zhì)量的口譯基本上處于A與B之間，A多于B；而低質(zhì)量的口譯游移于C與B之間，甚至經(jīng)常處于C狀態(tài)。

例：（1）我們?cè)诖吮磉_(dá)的意愿和做出的承諾，應(yīng)當(dāng)有利于推動(dòng)人類應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的歷史進(jìn)程。

我一開始譯作：The will and commitments we made here should be an impetus to mankind’s historical process of combating climate change.這里只能達(dá)到B層次，與A層次還有差距，我的譯文顯得生硬，表達(dá)不口語化，經(jīng)過認(rèn)真思考和深層次分析我改為：All the will that we want to express and all the promises that we make here should help to push forward mankind’s historical process of combating climate change.這樣做譯文不僅口語化十足，而且充分表達(dá)出了這句話的深層含義。

例：（2）1990至2005年，單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放強(qiáng)度下降46%。在此基礎(chǔ)上，我們又提出，到2020年單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%，在如此長時(shí)間內(nèi)這樣大規(guī)模 降低二氧化碳排放，需要付出艱苦卓絕的努力。

最初我譯作：Between 1990 and 2005, china’s carbon dioxide emissions per unit GDP dropped by 46%, on a basis of which we have raised another move to realize the goal of cutting carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45% by 2020 from the 2005 level.In such along period, if we are to achieve an reduction of carbon dioxide emissions on such a large scale, we have to spare no efforts to do so.我基本上采用順句驅(qū)動(dòng)原則來翻譯，考慮到上文用過drop by,就把這里的下降改為reduce by；考慮到前一個(gè)句子斷句不合適，顯得冗長就重新斟酌，適當(dāng)斷句，把降低二氧化碳排放直接用作主語，即英語中常見的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，也就簡(jiǎn)化成了降低排放需要付出努力。我修改后的譯文為：

Between 1990 and 2005, China’s carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP were reduced by 46%.Building on that, we have set the new target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45% by 2020 from the 2005 level.To reduce carbon dioxide emissions on such a large scale and over such an extended period of time will require tremendous efforts on our part.3口譯者的素養(yǎng)

口譯是高層次的語言工作，對(duì)口譯者要求極高，尤其是同聲傳譯者，做的是“金字塔”塔尖的工作，對(duì)譯員的素質(zhì)就更高了。但是要 求再高也是人做的，口譯工作并不是多么高深莫測(cè)高不可及。只要心懷夢(mèng)想，肯為目標(biāo)奮斗，中是可以做到的。3.1口譯者要有豐富的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備

口譯者需要相當(dāng)出色的語言能力，能夠靈活自如地駕馭兩種語言，此外還需要快速反應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確理解原語信息的能力作為輔助。此外，口譯者還應(yīng)該有強(qiáng)烈的求知欲，重視平時(shí)積累，最好建立自己的語料庫，成為百科全書式的“雜家”。

大量實(shí)踐證明，譯員的背景知識(shí)和口譯質(zhì)量呈呈正相關(guān)，題材越熟悉，口以質(zhì)量越高。3.2口譯者要有良好的工作態(tài)度

良好的工作態(tài)度是指要有良好的心態(tài)，熱愛自己的工作，不任勞任怨。還要具有不怕挫折，愈挫愈勇的心態(tài)?？谧g中總有情況我們無法預(yù)料，總有突發(fā)時(shí)間出現(xiàn)，這就要求口譯者心態(tài)好，樂觀積極，要有超人的抗壓能力，心理素質(zhì)過硬，不管遇到任何情況都要處變不驚，從容應(yīng)對(duì)。

3.3口譯者要有良好的合作精神

大量實(shí)踐證明，譯員的背景知識(shí)和口譯質(zhì)量呈呈正相關(guān)，題材越熟悉，口以質(zhì)量越高?？谧g，尤其是同傳，一般是由兩到三人組成的小組共同承擔(dān)口譯任務(wù)，由于壓力過大，譯員每二十分鐘左右需要暫停休息，以免大腦缺氧影響口譯質(zhì)量。這就顯得團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作精神尤為重要，要把個(gè)人融入團(tuán)隊(duì)和同伴默契配合。輪休的譯員在休息中幫搭檔記筆記。找資料或者適時(shí)遞一瓶水，在出現(xiàn)技術(shù)故障的情況下主動(dòng)向 技術(shù)人員求助?？傊?，盡力幫助團(tuán)隊(duì)中每個(gè)人發(fā)揮得好，共同完成小組任務(wù)。

4總結(jié)

總之，優(yōu)秀的口譯員需要知識(shí)底子全面深厚、悟性高、用心積累和肯下功夫，就有可能在同聲傳譯中達(dá)到自如的境界。同傳不是神秘莫測(cè)，如魔術(shù)般玄幻，它是一門技術(shù)和藝術(shù)相結(jié)合的專業(yè)，因此如果只具備很豐富的知識(shí)積累和較強(qiáng)的語言功底是不夠的，還需要熟悉同傳技巧。把語言、知識(shí)和技巧有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來，作為口譯者的路會(huì)越來越寬廣。

Bibliography

[1] Barik, Henri.A Study of Simultaneous Interpretation.New York：Harper Collins Publishers.8:58-59.1996.[2]陳菁.口譯教學(xué)應(yīng)如何體現(xiàn)口譯的特點(diǎn)，《中國翻譯》，第六期

[3]羅進(jìn)德.我看聯(lián)合國文件的翻譯，載自《聯(lián)合國翻譯論文集》，北京：中國對(duì)外翻譯出版社，1993 [4] 楊自檢、劉學(xué)云《翻譯新論》.武漢：武漢教育出版社，1994 [5] 何其莘、仲偉合.《外事筆譯》.北京:外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，2009.10.[6] 何其莘、仲偉合.《同聲傳譯》.北京:外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，2009.7.[7] 王紹祥.口譯應(yīng)變策略選自《中國科技翻譯》.2004（5）.[8] 仲偉合.《英漢同聲傳譯》.北京：高等教育出版，2008.[9] 張維為.《英漢同聲傳譯》北京: 中國對(duì)外翻譯出版社,1999.8.[10] 材料出自：外交部網(wǎng)站http://004km.cn/chn

第二篇：溫家寶總理在哥本哈根氣候變化會(huì)議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議上的講話

溫家寶總理在哥本哈根氣候變化會(huì)議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議上的講話 2009年12月18日，國務(wù)院總理溫家寶在丹麥哥本哈根氣候變化會(huì)議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議上發(fā)表了題為《凝聚共識(shí) 加強(qiáng)合作 推進(jìn)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化歷史進(jìn)程》的重要講話。講話全文如下：

凝聚共識(shí) 加強(qiáng)合作 推進(jìn)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化歷史進(jìn)程

——在哥本哈根氣候變化會(huì)議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議上的講話

中華人民共和國國務(wù)院總理 溫家寶(2009年12月18日 哥本哈根)Build Consensus and Strengthen Cooperation

To Advance the Historical Process of Combating Climate Change

Address by H.E.Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China

At the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit

Copenhagen, 18 December 2009

拉斯穆森首相閣下，各位同事： Prime Minister Rasmussen, Dear Colleagues, 此時(shí)此刻，全世界幾十億人都在注視著哥本哈根。我們?cè)诖吮磉_(dá)的意愿和做出的承諾，應(yīng)當(dāng)有利于推動(dòng)人類應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的歷史進(jìn)程。站在這個(gè)講壇上，我深感責(zé)任重大。

At this very moment, billions of people across the world are following closely what is happening here in Copenhagen.The will that we express and the commitments that we make here should help push forward mankind's historical process of combating climate change.Standing at this podium, I am deeply aware of the heavy responsibility.氣候變化是當(dāng)今全球面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)。遏制氣候變暖，拯救地球家園，是全人類共同的使命，每個(gè)國家和民族，每個(gè)企業(yè)和個(gè)人，都應(yīng)當(dāng)責(zé)無旁貸地行動(dòng)起來。

Climate change is a major global challenge.It is the common mission of the entire mankind to curb global warming and save our planet.It is incumbent upon all of us, each and every country, nation, enterprise and individual to act, and act now in response to this challenge.近三十年來，中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得的成就已為世人矚目。在這里我還要告訴各位，中國在發(fā)展的進(jìn)程中高度重視氣候變化問題，從中國人民和人類長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展的根本利益出發(fā)，為應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化做出了不懈努力和積極貢獻(xiàn)。

The past 30 years have seen remarkable progress in China's modernization drive.Let me share with you here that China has taken climate change very seriously in the course of its development.Bearing in mind the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and mankind's long-term development, we have exerted unremitting effort and made positive contribution to the fight against climate change.——中國是最早制定實(shí)施《應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化國家方案》的發(fā)展中國家。先后制定和修訂了節(jié)約能源法、可再生能源法、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)促進(jìn)法、清潔生產(chǎn)促進(jìn)法、森林法、草原法和民用建筑節(jié)能條例等一系列法律法規(guī)，把法律法規(guī)作為應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的重要手段。

China was the first developing country to adopt and implement a National Climate Change Program.We have formulated or revised the Energy Conservation Law, Renewable Energy Law, Circular Economy Promotion Law, Clean Production Promotion Law, Forest Law, Grassland Law and Regulations on Civil Building Efficiency.Laws and regulations have been an important means for us to address climate change.——中國是近年來節(jié)能減排力度最大的國家。我們不斷完善稅收制度，積極推進(jìn)資源性產(chǎn)品價(jià)格改革，加快建立能夠充分反映市場(chǎng)供求關(guān)系、資源稀缺程度、環(huán)境損害成本的價(jià)格形成機(jī)制。全面實(shí)施十大重點(diǎn)節(jié)能工程和千家企業(yè)節(jié)能計(jì)劃，在工業(yè)、交通、建筑等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域開展節(jié)能行動(dòng)。深入推進(jìn)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)試點(diǎn)，大力推廣節(jié)能環(huán)保汽車，實(shí)施節(jié)能產(chǎn)品惠民工程。推動(dòng)淘汰高耗能、高污染的落后產(chǎn)能，2006至2008年共淘汰低能效的煉鐵產(chǎn)能6059萬噸、煉鋼產(chǎn)能4347萬噸、水泥產(chǎn)能1.4億噸、焦炭產(chǎn)能6445萬噸。截至今年上半年，中國單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗比2005年降低13%，相當(dāng)于少排放8億噸二氧化碳。

China has made the most intensive efforts in energy conservation and pollution reduction in recent years.We have improved the taxation system and advanced the pricing reform of resource products with a view to putting in place at an early date a pricing mechanism that is responsive to market supply and demand, resource scarcity level and the cost of environmental damage.We have introduced 10 major energy conservation projects and launched an energy conservation campaign involving 1,000 enterprises, bringing energy-saving action to industry, transportation, construction and other key sectors.We have implemented pilot projects on circular economy, promoted energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles and supported the use of energy-saving products by ordinary households with government subsidies.We have worked hard to phase out backward production facilities that are energy intensive and heavily polluting.The inefficient production capacity that China eliminated between 2006and 2008 stood at 60.59 million tons for iron, 43.47 million tons of steel, 140 million tons for cement and 64.45 million tons for coke.By the end of the first half of this year, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP had dropped by 13 percent from the 2005 level, equivalent to reducing 800 million tons of carbon dioxide.——中國是新能源和可再生能源增長速度最快的國家。我們?cè)诒Ｗo(hù)生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)上，有序發(fā)展水電，積極發(fā)展核電，鼓勵(lì)支持農(nóng)村、邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)和條件適宜地區(qū)大力發(fā)展生物質(zhì)能、太陽能、地?zé)?、風(fēng)能等新型可再生能源。2005年至2008年，可再生能源增長51%，年均增長14.7%。2008年可再生能源利用量達(dá)到2.5億噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤。農(nóng)村有3050萬戶用上沼氣，相當(dāng)于少排放二氧化碳4900多萬噸。水電裝機(jī)容量、核電在建規(guī)模、太陽能熱水器集熱面積和光伏發(fā)電容量均居世界第一位。--China has enjoyed the fastest growth of new energy and renewable energy.On the basis of protecting the eco-environment, we have developed hydro power in an orderly way, actively developed nuclear power, and encouraged and supported the development of renewable energy including biomass, solar and geothermal energy and wind power in the countryside, remote areas and other places with the proper conditions.Between 2005 and 2008,renewable energy increased by 51 percent, representing an annual growth rate of 14.7 percent.In 2008, the use of renewable energy reached an equivalent of 250 million tons of standard coal.A total of 30.5 million rural households gained access to bio-gas, equivalent to a reduction of 49 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.China ranked first in the world in terms of installed hydro power capacity, nuclear power capacity under construction, the coverage of solar water heating panels and photovoltaic power capacity.——中國是世界人工造林面積最大的國家。我們持續(xù)大規(guī)模開展退耕還林和植樹造林，大力增加森林碳匯。2003至2008年，森林面積凈增2054萬公頃，森林蓄積量凈增11.23億立方米。目前人工造林面積達(dá)5400萬公頃，居世界第一。--China has the largest area of man-made forests in the world.We have continued with the large-scale endeavor to return to farmland to forest and expand a forestation, and made vigorous effort to increase forest carbon sink.Between 2003 and 2008, China's forest coverage registered a net increase of 20.54 million hectares and forest stock volume rose by 1.123 billion cubic meters.The total area of man-made forests in China has reached 45million hectares, the largest in the world.中國有13億人口，人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值剛剛超過 3000美元，按照聯(lián)合國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，還有1.5億人生活在貧困線以下，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、改善民生的任務(wù)十分艱巨。我國正處于工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵階段，能源結(jié)構(gòu)以煤為主，降低排放存在特殊困難。但是，我們始終把應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化作為重要戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)。1990至2005年，單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放強(qiáng)度下降 46%。在此基礎(chǔ)上，我們又提出，到2020年單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%，在如此長時(shí)間內(nèi)這樣大規(guī)模降低二氧化碳排放，需要付出艱苦卓絕的努力。我們的減排目標(biāo)將作為約束性指標(biāo)納入國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的中長期規(guī)劃，保證承諾的執(zhí)行受到法律和輿論的監(jiān)督。我們將進(jìn)一步完善國內(nèi)統(tǒng)計(jì)、監(jiān)測(cè)、考核辦法，改進(jìn)減排信息的披露方式，增加透明度，積極開展國際交流、對(duì)話與合作。

China has a 1.3 billion population and its per capita GDP has only exceeded 3,000 U.S.dollars.According to the U.N.standards, we still have 150 million people living below the poverty line and we therefore face the arduous task of developing the economy and improving people's livelihood.China is now at an important stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and, given the predominant role of coal in our energy mix, we are confronted with special difficulty in emission reduction.However, we have always regarded addressing climate change as an important strategic task.Between 1990 and 2005, China's carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP were reduced by 46 percent.Building on that, we have set the new target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45 percent by 2020 from the 2005 level.To reduce carbon dioxide emissions on such a large scale and over such an extended period of time will require tremendous efforts on our part.Our target will be incorporated into China's mid-and-long term plan for national economic and social development as a mandatory one to ensure that its implementation is subject to the supervision by the law and public opinions.We will further enhance the domestic-statistical, monitoring and evaluation methods, improve the way for releasing emission reduction information, increase transparency and actively engage in international exchange, dialogue and cooperation.各位同事，Dear Colleagues, 應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化需要國際社會(huì)堅(jiān)定信心，凝聚共識(shí)，積極努力，加強(qiáng)合作。必須始終牢牢把握以下幾點(diǎn)：

To meet the climate challenge, the international community must strengthen confidence, build consensus, make vigorous effort and enhance cooperation.And we must always adhere to the following three principles: 第一，保持成果的一致性。

First, maintaining the consistency of outcomes:

應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化不是從零開始的，國際社會(huì)已經(jīng)為之奮斗了幾十年?！堵?lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》及其《京都議定書》是各國經(jīng)過長期艱苦努力取得的成果，凝聚了各方的廣泛共識(shí)，是國際合作應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的法律基礎(chǔ)和行動(dòng)指南，必須倍加珍惜、鞏固發(fā)展。本次會(huì)議的成果必須堅(jiān)持而不能模糊公約及其議定書的基本原則，必須遵循而不能偏離“巴厘路線圖”的授權(quán)，必須鎖定而不能否定業(yè)已達(dá)成的共識(shí)和談判取得的進(jìn)展。

The campaign against climate change has not just started.In fact, the international community has been engaged in this endeavor for decades.The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol are the outcomes of long and hard work by all countries.They reflect the broad consensus among all parties and serve as the legal basis and guide for international cooperation on climate change.And as such, they must be highly valued and further strengthened and developed.The outcome of this conference must stick to rather than obscure the basic principles enshrined in the Convention and the Protocol.It must follow rather than deviate from the mandate of the “Bali Roadmap”.It should lock up rather than deny the consensus and progress already achieved in the negotiations.第二，堅(jiān)持規(guī)則的公平性。

Second, upholding the fairness of rules:

“共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任”原則是國際合作應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的核心和基石，應(yīng)當(dāng)始終堅(jiān)持。近代工業(yè)革命200年來，發(fā)達(dá)國家排放的二氧化碳占全球排放總量的80%。如果說二氧化碳排放是氣候變化的直接原因，誰該承擔(dān)主要責(zé)任就不言自明。無視歷史責(zé)任，無視人均排放和各國的發(fā)展水平，要求近幾十年才開始工業(yè)化、還有大量人口處于絕對(duì)貧困狀態(tài)的發(fā)展中國家承擔(dān)超出其應(yīng)盡義務(wù)和能力范圍的減排目標(biāo)，是毫無道理的。發(fā)達(dá)國家如今已經(jīng)過上富裕生活，但仍維持著遠(yuǎn)高于發(fā)展中國家的人均排放，且大多屬于消費(fèi)型排放；相比之下，發(fā)展中國家的排放主要是生存排放和國際轉(zhuǎn)移排放。今天全球仍有24億人以煤炭、木炭、秸稈為主要燃料，有16億人沒有用上電。應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化必須在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的框架下統(tǒng)籌安排，決不能以延續(xù)發(fā)展中國家的貧窮和落后為代價(jià)。發(fā)達(dá)國家必須率先大幅量化減排并向發(fā)展中國家提供資金和技術(shù)支持，這是不可推卸的道義責(zé)任，也是必須履行的法律義務(wù)。發(fā)展中國家應(yīng)根據(jù)本國國情，在發(fā)達(dá)國家資金和技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓支持下，盡可能減緩溫室氣體排放，適應(yīng)氣候變化。

The principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities ”represents the core and bedrock of international cooperation on climate change and it must never be compromised.Developed countries account for 80 percent of the total global carbon dioxide emissions since the Industrial Revolution over 200 years ago.If we all agree that carbon dioxide emissions are the direct cause for climate change, then it is all too clear who should take the primary responsibility.Developing countries only started industrialization a few decades ago and many of their people still live in abject poverty today.It is totally unjustified to ask them to undertake emission reduction targets beyond their due obligations and capabilities in disregard of historical responsibilities, per capita emissions and different levels of development.Developed countries, which are already leading an affluent life, still maintain a level of per capita emissions that is far higher than that of developing countries, and most of their emissions are attributed to consumption.In comparison, emissions from developing countries are primarily survival emissions and international transfer emissions.Today, 2.4 billion people in the world still rely on coal, charcoal, and stalks as main fuels, and 1.6 billion people have no access to electricity.Action on climate change must be taken within the framework of sustainable development and should by no means compromise the efforts of developing countries to get rid of poverty and backwardness.Developed countries must take the lead in making deep quantified emission cuts and provide financial and technological support to developing countries.This is an unshirkable moral responsibility as well as a legal obligation that they must fulfill.Developing countries should, with the financial and technological support of developed countries, do what they can to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change in the light of their national conditions.第三，注重目標(biāo)的合理性。

And third, paying attention to the practicality of the targets:

中國有句成語：千里之行，始于足下。西方也有句諺語：羅馬不是一天建成的。應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化既要著眼長遠(yuǎn)，更要立足當(dāng)前?！毒┒甲h定書》明確規(guī)定了發(fā)達(dá)國家至2012年第一承諾期的減排指標(biāo)。但從實(shí)際執(zhí)行情況看，不少發(fā)達(dá)國家的排放不減反增。目前發(fā)達(dá)國家已經(jīng)公布的中期減排目標(biāo)與協(xié)議的要求和國際社會(huì)的期望仍有相當(dāng)距離。確定一個(gè)長遠(yuǎn)的努力方向是必要的，更重要的是把重點(diǎn)放在完成近期和中期減排目標(biāo)上，放在兌現(xiàn)業(yè)已做出的承諾上，放在行動(dòng)上。一打綱領(lǐng)不如一個(gè)行動(dòng)，我們應(yīng)該通過切實(shí)的行動(dòng)，讓人們看到希望。

There is a Chinese proverb which goes, “A one-thousand-mile journey starts with the first step.” Similarly, there is a saying in the West which reads, “Rome was not built in one day.” In tackling climate change, we need to take a long-term perspective, but more importantly, we should focus on the present.The Kyoto Protocol has clearly set out the emission reduction targets for developed countries in the first commitment period by 2012.However, a review of implementation shows that the emissions from many developed countries have increased rather than decreased.And the mid-term reduction targets recently announced by developed countries fall considerably short of the requirements of the Convention and the expectations of the international community.Itis necessary to set a direction for our long-term efforts, but it is even more important to focus on achieving near-term and mid-term reduction targets, honoring the commitments already made and taking real action.One action is more useful than a dozen programs.We should give people hope by taking credible actions.第四，確保機(jī)制的有效性。

Fourth, ensure the effectiveness of institutions and mechanisms:

應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，貴在落實(shí)行動(dòng)，重在機(jī)制保障。國際社會(huì)要在公約框架下做出切實(shí)有效的制度安排，促使發(fā)達(dá)國家兌現(xiàn)承諾，向發(fā)展中國家持續(xù)提供充足的資金支持，加快轉(zhuǎn)讓氣候友好技術(shù)，有效幫助發(fā)展中國家、特別是小島嶼國家、最不發(fā)達(dá)國家、內(nèi)陸國家、非洲國家加強(qiáng)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的能力建設(shè)。

Concrete actions and institutional guarantee are essential to our effort on tackling climate change.The international community should make concrete and effective institutional arrangements under the Convention and urge developed countries to honor their commitments, provide sustained and sufficient financial support to developing countries, speed up the transfer of climate-friendly technologies and effectively help developing countries, especially small island states, least developed countries, landlocked countries and African countries, strengthen their capacity in combating climate change.最后，我要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，中國政府確定減緩溫室氣體排放的目標(biāo)是中國根據(jù)國情采取的自主行動(dòng)，是對(duì)中國人民和全人類負(fù)責(zé)的，不附加任何條件，不與任何國家的減排目標(biāo)掛鉤。我們言必信、行必果，無論本次會(huì)議達(dá)成什么成果，都將堅(jiān)定不移地為實(shí)現(xiàn)、甚至超過這個(gè)目標(biāo)而努力。

I wish to conclude by underlining that it is with a sense of responsibility to the Chinese people and the whole mankind that the Chinese government has set the target for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.This is a voluntary action China has taken in the light of its national circumstances.We have not attached any condition to the target, nor have we linked it to the target of any other country.We will honor our word with real action.Whatever outcome this conference may produce, we will be fully committed to achieving and even exceeding the target.謝謝！Thank you.

第三篇：2009.12.18溫家寶在哥本哈根氣候變化會(huì)議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議上的講話

溫家寶在哥本哈根氣候變化會(huì)議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議上的講話

Wen Jiabao speech to COP15 Copenhagen

凝聚共識(shí)加強(qiáng)合作推進(jìn)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化歷史進(jìn)程

Build Consensus and Strengthen Cooperation to Advance the Historical Process of Combating Climate Change

The following is the full text of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's address, delivered at the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit here on Friday:

(2009年12月18日哥本哈根)

拉斯穆森首相閣下，各位同事：

Prime Minister Rasmussen, Dear Colleagues,此時(shí)此刻，全世界幾十億人都在注視著哥本哈根。我們?cè)诖吮磉_(dá)的意愿和做出的承諾，應(yīng)當(dāng)有利于推動(dòng)人類應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的歷史進(jìn)程。站在這個(gè)講壇上，我深感責(zé)任重大。

At this very moment, billions of people across the world are following closely what is happening here in Copenhagen.The will that we express and the commitments that we make here should help push forward mankind's historical process of combating climate change.Standing at this podium, I am deeply aware of the heavy responsibility.氣候變化是當(dāng)今全球面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)。遏制氣候變暖，拯救地球家園，是全人類共同的使命，每個(gè)國家和民族，每個(gè)企業(yè)和個(gè)人，都應(yīng)當(dāng)責(zé)無旁貸地行動(dòng)起來。

Climate change is a major global challenge.It is the common mission of the entire mankind to curb global warming and save our planet.It is incumbent upon all of us, each and every country, nation, enterprise and individual to act, and act now in response to this challenge.近三十年來，中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得的成就已為世人矚目。在這里我還要告訴各位，中國在發(fā)展的進(jìn)程中高度重視氣候變化問題，從中國人民和人類長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展的根本利益出發(fā)，為應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化做出了不懈努力和積極貢獻(xiàn)。The past 30 years have seen remarkable progress in China's modernization drive.Let me share with you here that China has taken climate change very seriously in the course of its development.Bearing in mind the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and mankind's long-term development, we have exerted unremitting effort and made positive contribution to the fight against climate change.-中國是最早制定實(shí)施《應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化國家方案》的發(fā)展中國家。先后制定和修訂了節(jié)約能源法、可再生能源法、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)促進(jìn)法、清潔生產(chǎn)促進(jìn)法、森林法、草原法和民用建筑節(jié)能條例等一系列法律法規(guī)，把法律法規(guī)作為應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的重要手段。

China was the first developing country to adopt and implement a National Climate Change Program.We have formulated or revised the Energy Conservation Law, Renewable Energy Law, Circular Economy Promotion Law, Clean Production Promotion Law, Forest Law, Grassland Law and Regulations on Civil Building Efficiency.Laws and regulations have been an important means for us to address climate change.-中國是近年來節(jié)能減排力度最大的國家。我們不斷完善稅收制度，積極推進(jìn)資源性產(chǎn)品價(jià)格改革，加快建立能夠充分反映市場(chǎng)供求關(guān)系、資源稀缺程度、環(huán)境損害成本的價(jià)格形成機(jī)制。全面實(shí)施十大重點(diǎn)節(jié)能工程和千家企業(yè)節(jié)能計(jì)劃，在工業(yè)、交通、建筑等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域開展節(jié)能行動(dòng)。深入推進(jìn)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)試點(diǎn)，大力推廣節(jié)能環(huán)保汽車，實(shí)施節(jié)能產(chǎn)品惠民工程。推動(dòng)淘汰高耗能、高污染的落后產(chǎn)能，2006至2008年共淘汰低能效的煉鐵產(chǎn)能6059萬噸、煉鋼產(chǎn)能4347萬噸、水泥產(chǎn)能1.4億噸、焦炭產(chǎn)能6445萬噸。截至今年上半年，中國單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗比2005年降低13%，相當(dāng)于少排放8億噸二氧化碳。

China has made the most intensive efforts in energy conservation and pollution reduction in recent years.We have improved the taxation system and advanced the pricing reform of resource products with a view to putting in place at an early date a pricing mechanism that is responsive to market supply and demand, resource scarcity level and the cost of environmental damage.We have introduced 10 major energy conservation projects and launched an energy conservation campaign involving 1,000 enterprises, bringing energy-saving action to industry, transportation, construction and other key sectors.We have implemented pilot projects on circular economy, promoted energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles and supported the use of energy-saving products by ordinary households with government subsidies.We have worked hard to phase out backward production facilities that are energy intensive and heavily polluting.The inefficient production capacity that China eliminated between 2006 and 2008 stood at 60.59 million tons for iron, 43.47 million tons of steel, 140 million tons for cement and 64.45 million tons for coke.By the end of the first half of this year, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP had dropped by 13 percent from the 2005 level, equivalent to reducing 800 million tons of carbon dioxide.-中國是新能源和可再生能源增長速度最快的國家。我們?cè)诒Ｗo(hù)生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)上，有序發(fā)展水電，積極發(fā)展核電，鼓勵(lì)支持農(nóng)村、邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)和條件適宜地區(qū)大力發(fā)展生物質(zhì)能、太陽能、地?zé)?、風(fēng)能等新型可再生能源。2005年至2008年，可再生能源增長51%，年均增長14.7%。2008年可再生能源利用量達(dá)到2.5億噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤。農(nóng)村有3050萬戶用上沼氣，相當(dāng)于少排放二氧化碳4900多萬噸。水電裝機(jī)容量、核電在建規(guī)模、太陽能熱水器集熱面積和光伏發(fā)電容量均居世界第一位。

-China has enjoyed the fastest growth of new energy and renewable energy.On the basis of protecting the eco-environment, we have developed hydro power in an orderly way, actively developed nuclear power, and encouraged and supported the development of renewable energy including biomass, solar and geothermal energy and wind power in the countryside, remote areas and other places with the proper conditions.Between 2005 and 2008, renewable energy increased by 51 percent, representing an annual growth rate of 14.7 percent.In 2008, the use of renewable energy reached an equivalent of 250 million tons of standard coal.A total of 30.5 million rural households gained access to bio-gas, equivalent to a reduction of 49 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.China ranked first in the world in terms of installed hydro power capacity, nuclear power capacity under construction, the coverage of solar water heating panels and photovoltaic power capacity.-中國是世界人工造林面積最大的國家。我們持續(xù)大規(guī)模開展退耕還林和植樹造林，大力增加森林碳匯。2003至2008年，森林面積凈增2054萬公頃，森林蓄積量凈增11.23億立方米。目前人工造林面積達(dá)5400萬公頃，居世界第一。

-China has the largest area of man-made forests in the world.We have continued with the large-scale endeavor to return to farmland to forest and expand a forestation, and made vigorous effort to increase forest carbon sink.Between 2003 and 2008, China's forest coverage registered a net increase of 20.54 million hectares and forest stock volume rose by 1.123 billion cubic meters.The total area of man-made forests in China has reached 45 million hectares, the largest in the world.中國有13億人口，人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值剛剛超過3000美元，按照聯(lián)合國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，還有1.5億人生活在貧困線以下，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、改善民生的任務(wù)十分艱巨。我國正處于工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵階段，能源結(jié)構(gòu)以煤為主，降低排放存在特殊困難。但是，我們始終把應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化作為重要戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)。1990至2005年，單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放強(qiáng)度下降46%。在此基礎(chǔ)上，我們又提出，到2020年單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%，在如此長時(shí)間內(nèi)這樣大規(guī)模降低二氧化碳排放，需要付出艱苦卓絕的努力。我們的減排目標(biāo)將作為約束性指標(biāo)納入國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的中長期規(guī)劃，保證承諾的執(zhí)行受到法律和輿論的監(jiān)督。我們將進(jìn)一步完善國內(nèi)統(tǒng)計(jì)、監(jiān)測(cè)、考核辦法，改進(jìn)減排信息的披露方式，增加透明度，積極開展國際交流、對(duì)話與合作。China has a 1.3 billion population and its per capita GDP has only exceeded 3,000 U.S.dollars.According to the U.N.standards, we still have 150 million people living below the poverty line and we therefore face the arduous task of developing the economy and improving people's livelihood.China is now at an important stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and, given the predominant role of coal in our energy mix, we are confronted with special difficulty in emission reduction.However, we have always regarded addressing climate change as an important strategic task.Between 1990 and 2005, China's carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP were reduced by 46 percent.Building on that, we have set the new target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45 percent by 2020 from the 2005 level.To reduce carbon dioxide emissions on such a large scale and over such an extended period of time will require tremendous efforts on our part.Our target will be incorporated into China's mid-and-long term plan for national economic and social development as a mandatory one to ensure that its implementation is subject to the supervision by the law and public opinions.We will further enhance the domestic-statistical, monitoring and evaluation methods, improve the way for releasing emission reduction information, increase transparency and actively engage in international exchange, dialogue and cooperation.各位同事，Dear Colleagues,應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化需要國際社會(huì)堅(jiān)定信心，凝聚共識(shí)，積極努力，加強(qiáng)合作。必須始終牢牢把握以下幾點(diǎn)：

To meet the climate challenge, the international community must strengthen confidence, build consensus, make vigorous effort and enhance cooperation.And we must always adhere to the following three principles:

第一，保持成果的一致性。應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化不是從零開始的，國際社會(huì)已經(jīng)為之奮斗了幾十年?！堵?lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》及其《京都議定書》是各國經(jīng)過長期艱苦努力取得的成果，凝聚了各方的廣泛共識(shí)，是國際合作應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的法律基礎(chǔ)和行動(dòng)指南，必須倍加珍惜、鞏固發(fā)展。本次會(huì)議的成果必須堅(jiān)持而不能模糊公約及其議定

書的基本原則，必須遵循而不能偏離“巴厘路線圖”的授權(quán)，必須鎖定而不能否定業(yè)已達(dá)成的共識(shí)和談判取得的進(jìn)展。

First, maintaining the consistency of outcomes:

The campaign against climate change has not just started.In fact, the international community has been engaged in this endeavor for decades.The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol are the outcomes of long and hard work by all countries.They reflect the broad consensus among all parties and serve as the legal basis and guide for international cooperation on climate change.And as such, they must be highly valued and further strengthened and developed.The outcome of this conference must stick to rather than obscure the basic principles enshrined in the Convention and the Protocol.It must follow rather than deviate from the mandate of the “Bali Roadmap”.It should lock up rather than deny the consensus and progress already achieved in the negotiations.第二，堅(jiān)持規(guī)則的公平性?！肮餐袇^(qū)別的責(zé)任”原則是國際合作應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的核心和基石，應(yīng)當(dāng)始終堅(jiān)持。近代工業(yè)革命200年來，發(fā)達(dá)國家排放的二氧化碳占全球排放總量的80%。如果說二氧化碳排放是氣候變化的直接原因，誰該承擔(dān)主要責(zé)任就不言自明。無視歷史責(zé)任，無視人均排放和各國的發(fā)展水平，要求近幾十年才開始工業(yè)化、還有大量人口處于絕對(duì)貧困狀態(tài)的發(fā)展中國家承擔(dān)超出其應(yīng)盡義務(wù)和能力范圍的減排目標(biāo)，是毫無道理的。發(fā)達(dá)國家如今已經(jīng)過上富裕生活，但仍維持著遠(yuǎn)高于發(fā)展中國家的人均排放，且大多屬于消費(fèi)型排放；相比之下，發(fā)展中國家的排放主要是生存排放和國際轉(zhuǎn)移排放。今天全球仍有24億人以煤炭、木炭、秸稈為主要燃料，有16億人沒有用上電。應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化必須在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的框架下統(tǒng)籌安排，決不能以延續(xù)發(fā)展中國家的貧窮和落后為代價(jià)。發(fā)達(dá)國家必須率先大幅量化減排并向發(fā)展中國家提供資金和技術(shù)支持，這是不可推卸的道義責(zé)任，也是必須履行的法律義務(wù)。發(fā)展中國家應(yīng)根據(jù)本國國情，在發(fā)達(dá)國家資金和技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓支持下，盡可能減緩溫室氣體排放，適應(yīng)氣候變化。

Second, upholding the fairness of rules:

The principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”represents the core and bedrock of international cooperation on climate change and it must never be compromised.Developed countries account for 80 percent of the total global carbon dioxide emissions since the Industrial Revolution over 200 years ago.If we all agree that carbon dioxide emissions are the direct cause for climate change, then it is all too clear who should take the primary responsibility.Developing countries only started industrialization a few decades ago and many of their people still live in abject poverty today.It is totally unjustified to ask them to undertake emission reduction targets beyond their due obligations and capabilities in disregard of historical responsibilities, per capita emissions and different levels of development.Developed countries, which are already leading an affluent life, still maintain a level of per capita emissions that is far higher than that of developing countries, and most of their emissions are attributed to consumption.In comparison, emissions from developing countries are primarily survival emissions and international transfer emissions.Today, 2.4 billion people in the world still rely on coal, charcoal, and stalks as main fuels, and 1.6 billion people have no access to electricity.Action on climate change must be taken within the framework of sustainable development and should by no means compromise the efforts of developing countries to get rid of poverty and backwardness.Developed countries must take the lead in making deep quantified emission cuts and provide financial and technological support to developing countries.This is an unshirkable moral responsibility as well as a legal obligation that they must fulfill.Developing countries should, with the financial and technological support of developed countries, do what they can to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change in the light of their national conditions.第三，注重目標(biāo)的合理性。中國有句成語：千里之行，始于足下。西方也有句諺語：羅馬不是一天建成的。應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化既要著眼長遠(yuǎn)，更要立足當(dāng)前?！毒┒甲h定書》明確規(guī)定了發(fā)達(dá)國家至2012年第一承諾期的減排指標(biāo)。但從實(shí)際執(zhí)行情況看，不少發(fā)達(dá)國家的排放不減反增。目前發(fā)達(dá)國家已經(jīng)公布的中期減排目標(biāo)與協(xié)議的要求和國際社會(huì)的期望仍有相當(dāng)距離。確定一個(gè)長遠(yuǎn)的努力方向是必要的，更重要的是把重點(diǎn)放在完成近期和中期減排目標(biāo)上，放在兌現(xiàn)業(yè)已做出的承諾上，放在行動(dòng)上。一打綱領(lǐng)不如一個(gè)行動(dòng)，我們應(yīng)該通過切實(shí)的行動(dòng)，讓人們看到希望。

And third, paying attention to the practicality of the targets:

There is a Chinese proverb which goes, “A one-thousand-mile journey starts with the first step.”Similarly, there is a saying in the West which reads,“Rome was not built in one day.” In tackling climate change, we need to take a long-term perspective, but more importantly, we should focus on the present.The Kyoto Protocol has clearly set out the emission reduction targets for developed countries in the first commitment period by 2012.However, a review of implementation

shows that the emissions from many developed countries have increased rather than decreased.And the mid-term reduction targets recently announced by developed countries fall considerably short of the requirements of the Convention and the expectations of the international community.Itis necessary to set a direction for our long-term efforts, but it is even more important to focus on achieving near-term and mid-term reduction targets, honoring the commitments already made and taking real action.One action is more useful than a dozen programs.We should give people hope by taking credible actions.第四，確保機(jī)制的有效性。應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，貴在落實(shí)行動(dòng)，重在機(jī)制保障。國際社會(huì)要在公約框架下做出切實(shí)有效的制度安排，促使發(fā)達(dá)國家兌現(xiàn)承諾，向發(fā)展中國家持續(xù)提供充足的資金支持，加快轉(zhuǎn)讓氣候友好技術(shù)，有效幫助發(fā)展中國家、特別是小島嶼國家、最不發(fā)達(dá)國家、內(nèi)陸國家、非洲國家加強(qiáng)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的能力建設(shè)。Fourth, ensure the effectiveness of institutions and mechanisms:

Concrete actions and institutional guarantee are essential to our effort on tackling climate change.The international community should make concrete and effective institutional arrangements under the Convention and urge developed countries to honor their commitments, provide sustained and sufficient financial support to developing countries, speed up the transfer of climate-friendly technologies and effectively help developing countries, especially small island states, least developed countries, landlocked countries and African countries, strengthen their capacity in combating climate change.最后，我要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，中國政府確定減緩溫室氣體排放的目標(biāo)是中國根據(jù)國情采取的自主行動(dòng)，是對(duì)中國人民和全人類負(fù)責(zé)的，不附加任何條件，不與任何國家的減排目標(biāo)掛鉤。我們言必信、行必果，無論本次會(huì)議達(dá)成什么成果，都將堅(jiān)定不移地為實(shí)現(xiàn)、甚至超過這個(gè)目標(biāo)而努力。

I wish to conclude by underlining that it is with a sense of responsibility to the Chinese people and the whole mankind that the Chinese government has set the target for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.This is a voluntary action China has taken in the light of its national circumstances.We have not attached any condition to the target, nor have we linked it to the target of any other country.We will honor our word with real action.Whatever outcome this conference may produce, we will be fully committed to achieving and even exceeding the target.謝謝！

Thank you.

第四篇：溫家寶總理在哥本哈根氣候變化會(huì)議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議上的講話

溫家寶總理在哥本哈根氣候變化會(huì)議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議上的講話（全文）

中廣網(wǎng) 2009-12-19 02:

3112月18日，中國國務(wù)院總理溫家寶在哥本哈根出席聯(lián)合國氣候變化大會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議。這是溫家寶在會(huì)上發(fā)表講話。新華社記者武巍攝

國務(wù)院總理溫家寶18日在丹麥哥本哈根氣候變化會(huì)議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議上發(fā)表了題為《凝聚共識(shí) 加強(qiáng)合作 推進(jìn)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化歷史進(jìn)程》的重要講話。講話全文如下：

凝聚共識(shí) 加強(qiáng)合作

推進(jìn)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化歷史進(jìn)程

——在哥本哈根氣候變化會(huì)議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議上的講話

中華人民共和國國務(wù)院總理 溫家寶

（2009年12月18日 哥本哈根）

拉斯穆森首相閣下，各位同事：

此時(shí)此刻，全世界幾十億人都在注視著哥本哈根。我們?cè)诖吮磉_(dá)的意愿和做出的承諾，應(yīng)當(dāng)有利于推動(dòng)人類應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的歷史進(jìn)程。站在這個(gè)講壇上，我深感責(zé)任重大。

氣候變化是當(dāng)今全球面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)。遏制氣候變暖，拯救地球家園，是全人類共同的使命，每個(gè)國家和民族，每個(gè)企業(yè)和個(gè)人，都應(yīng)當(dāng)責(zé)無旁貸地行動(dòng)起來。

近三十年來，中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得的成就已為世人矚目。在這里我還要告訴各位，中國在發(fā)展的進(jìn)程中高度重視氣候變化問題，從中國人民和人類長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展的根本利益出發(fā)，為應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化做出了不懈努力和積極貢獻(xiàn)。

——中國是最早制定實(shí)施《應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化國家方案》的發(fā)展中國家。先后制定和修訂了節(jié)約能源法、可再生能源法、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)促進(jìn)法、清潔生產(chǎn)促進(jìn)法、森林法、草原法和民用建筑節(jié)能條例等一系列法律法規(guī)，把法律法規(guī)作為應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的重要手段。

——中國是近年來節(jié)能減排力度最大的國家。我們不斷完善稅收制度，積極推進(jìn)資源性產(chǎn)品價(jià)格改革，加快建立能夠充分反映市場(chǎng)供求關(guān)系、資源稀缺程度、環(huán)境損害成本的價(jià)格形成機(jī)制。全面實(shí)施十大重點(diǎn)節(jié)能工程和千家企業(yè)節(jié)能計(jì)劃，在工業(yè)、交通、建筑等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域開展節(jié)能行動(dòng)。深入推進(jìn)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)試點(diǎn)，大力推廣節(jié)能環(huán)保汽車，實(shí)施節(jié)能產(chǎn)品惠民工程。推動(dòng)淘汰高耗能、高污染的落后產(chǎn)能，2006至2008年共淘汰低能效的煉鐵產(chǎn)能6059萬噸、煉鋼產(chǎn)能4347萬噸、水泥產(chǎn)能1．4億噸、焦炭產(chǎn)能6445萬噸。截至今年上半年，中國單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗比2005年降低13％，相當(dāng)于少排放8億噸二氧化碳。

——中國是新能源和可再生能源增長速度最快的國家。我們?cè)诒Ｗo(hù)生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)上，有序發(fā)展水電，積極發(fā)展核電，鼓勵(lì)支持農(nóng)村、邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)和條件適宜地區(qū)大力發(fā)展生物質(zhì)能、太陽能、地?zé)?、風(fēng)能等新型可再生能源。2005年至2008年，可再生能源增長51％，年均增長14．7％。2008年可再生能源利用量達(dá)到2．5億噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤。農(nóng)村有3050萬戶用上沼氣，相當(dāng)于少排放二氧化碳4900多萬噸。水電裝機(jī)容量、核電在建規(guī)模、太陽能熱水器集熱面積和光伏發(fā)電容量均居世界第一位。

——中國是世界人工造林面積最大的國家。我們持續(xù)大規(guī)模開展退耕還林和植樹造林，大力增加森林碳匯。2003至2008年，森林面積凈增2054萬公頃，森林蓄積量凈增11．23億立方米。目前人工造林面積達(dá)5400萬公頃，居世界第一。

中國有13億人口，人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值剛剛超過3000美元，按照聯(lián)合國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，還有1．5億人生活在貧困線以下，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、改善民生的任務(wù)十分艱巨。我國正處于工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵階段，能源結(jié)構(gòu)以煤為主，降低排放存在特殊困難。但是，我們始終把應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化作為重要戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)。1990至2005年，單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放強(qiáng)度下降

46％。在此基礎(chǔ)上，我們又提出，到2020年單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40％－45％，在如此長時(shí)間內(nèi)這樣大規(guī)模降低二氧化碳排放，需要付出艱苦卓絕的努力。我們的減排目標(biāo)將作為約束性指標(biāo)納入國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的中長期規(guī)劃，保證承諾的執(zhí)行受到法律和輿論的監(jiān)督。我們將進(jìn)一步完善國內(nèi)統(tǒng)計(jì)、監(jiān)測(cè)、考核辦法，改進(jìn)減排信息的披露方式，增加透明度，積極開展國際交流、對(duì)話與合作。

12月18日，中國國務(wù)院總理溫家寶在哥本哈根出席聯(lián)合國氣候變化大會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議。這是溫家寶在會(huì)上發(fā)表講話。新華社記者武巍攝

各位同事，應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化需要國際社會(huì)堅(jiān)定信心，凝聚共識(shí)，積極努力，加強(qiáng)合作。必須始終牢牢把握以下幾點(diǎn)：

第一，保持成果的一致性。應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化不是從零開始的，國際社會(huì)已經(jīng)為之奮斗了幾十年?！堵?lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》及其《京都議定書》是各國經(jīng)過長期艱苦努力取得的成果，凝聚了各方的廣泛共識(shí)，是國際合作應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的法律基礎(chǔ)和行動(dòng)指南，必須倍加珍惜、鞏固發(fā)展。本次會(huì)議的成果必須堅(jiān)持而不能模糊公約及其議定書的基本原則，必須遵循而不能偏離“巴厘路線圖”的授權(quán)，必須鎖定而不能否定業(yè)已達(dá)成的共識(shí)和談判取得的進(jìn)展。第二，堅(jiān)持規(guī)則的公平性?！肮餐袇^(qū)別的責(zé)任”原則是國際合作應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的核心和基石，應(yīng)當(dāng)始終堅(jiān)持。近代工業(yè)革命200年來，發(fā)達(dá)國家排放的二氧化碳占全球排放總量的80％。如果說二氧化碳排放是氣候變化的直接原因，誰該承擔(dān)主要責(zé)任就不言自明。無視歷史責(zé)任，無視人均排放和各國的發(fā)展水平，要求近幾十年才開始工業(yè)化、還有大量人口處于絕對(duì)貧困狀態(tài)的發(fā)展中國家承擔(dān)超出其應(yīng)盡義務(wù)和能力范圍的減排目標(biāo)，是毫無道理的。發(fā)達(dá)國家如今已經(jīng)過上富裕生活，但仍維持著遠(yuǎn)高于發(fā)展中國家的人均排放，且大多屬于消費(fèi)型排放；相比之下，發(fā)展中國家的排放主要是生存排放和國際轉(zhuǎn)移排放。今天全球仍有24億人以煤炭、木炭、秸稈為主要燃料，有16億人沒有用上電。應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化必須在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的框架下統(tǒng)籌安排，決不能以延續(xù)發(fā)展中國家的貧窮和落后為代價(jià)。發(fā)達(dá)國家必須率先大幅量化減排并向發(fā)展中國家提供資金和技術(shù)支持，這是不可推卸的道義責(zé)任，也是必須履行的法律義務(wù)。發(fā)展中國家應(yīng)根據(jù)本國國情，在發(fā)達(dá)國家資金和技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓支持下，盡可能減緩溫室氣體排放，適應(yīng)氣候變化。

第三，注重目標(biāo)的合理性。中國有句成語：千里之行，始于足下。西方也有句諺語：羅馬不是一天建成的。應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化既要著眼長遠(yuǎn)，更要立足當(dāng)前?！毒┒甲h定書》明確規(guī)定了發(fā)達(dá)國家至2012年第一承諾期的減排指標(biāo)。但從實(shí)際執(zhí)行情況看，不少發(fā)達(dá)國家的排放不減反增。目前發(fā)達(dá)國家已經(jīng)公布的中期減排目標(biāo)與協(xié)議的要求和國際社會(huì)的期望仍有相當(dāng)距離。確定一個(gè)長遠(yuǎn)的努力方向是必要的，更重要的是把重點(diǎn)放在完成近期和中期減排目標(biāo)上，放在兌現(xiàn)業(yè)已做出的承諾上，放在行動(dòng)上。一打綱領(lǐng)不如一個(gè)行動(dòng)，我們應(yīng)該通過切實(shí)的行動(dòng)，讓人們看到希望。

第四，確保機(jī)制的有效性。應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，貴在落實(shí)行動(dòng)，重在機(jī)制保障。國際社會(huì)要在公約框架下做出切實(shí)有效的制度安排，促使發(fā)達(dá)國家兌現(xiàn)承諾，向發(fā)展中國家持續(xù)提供充足的資金支持，加快轉(zhuǎn)讓氣候友好技術(shù)，有效幫助發(fā)展中國家、特別是小島嶼國家、最不發(fā)達(dá)國家、內(nèi)陸國家、非洲國家加強(qiáng)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的能力建設(shè)。

最后，我要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，中國政府確定減緩溫室氣體排放的目標(biāo)是中國根據(jù)國情采取的自主行動(dòng)，是對(duì)中國人民和全人類負(fù)責(zé)的，不附加任何條件，不與任何國家的減排目標(biāo)掛鉤。我們言必信、行必果，無論本次會(huì)議達(dá)成什么成果，都將堅(jiān)定不移地為實(shí)現(xiàn)、甚至超過這個(gè)目標(biāo)而努力。

謝謝！

第五篇：溫家寶在哥本哈根氣候變化會(huì)議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議上的講話 英漢對(duì)照

凝聚共識(shí)加強(qiáng)合作推進(jìn)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化歷史進(jìn)程

Build Consensus and Strengthen Cooperation to Advance the Historical Process of Combating Climate Change

The following is the full text of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's address, delivered at the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit here on Friday:

(2009年12月18日哥本哈根)

拉斯穆森首相閣下，各位同事：

Prime Minister Rasmussen, Dear Colleagues,此時(shí)此刻，全世界幾十億人都在注視著哥本哈根。我們?cè)诖吮磉_(dá)的意愿和做出的承諾，應(yīng)當(dāng)有利于推動(dòng)人類應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的歷史進(jìn)程。站在這個(gè)講壇上，我深感責(zé)任重大。

At this very moment, billions of people across the world are following closely what is happening here in Copenhagen.The will that we express and the commitments that we make here should help push forward mankind's historical process of combating climate change.Standing at this podium, I am deeply aware of the heavy responsibility.氣候變化是當(dāng)今全球面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)。遏制氣候變暖，拯救地球家園，是全人類共同的使命，每個(gè)國家和民族，每個(gè)企業(yè)和個(gè)人，都應(yīng)當(dāng)責(zé)無旁貸地行動(dòng)起來。Climate change is a major global challenge.It is the common mission of the entire mankind to curb global warming and save our planet.It is incumbent upon all of us, each and every country, nation, enterprise and individual to act, and act now in response to this challenge.近三十年來，中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得的成就已為世人矚目。在這里我還要告訴各位，中國在發(fā)展的進(jìn)程中高度重視氣候變化問題，從中國人民和人類長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展的根本利益出發(fā)，為應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化做出了不懈努力和積極貢獻(xiàn)。

The past 30 years have seen remarkable progress in China's modernization drive.Let me share with you here that China has taken climate change very seriously in the course of its development.Bearing in mind the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and mankind's long-term development, we have exerted unremitting effort and made positive contribution to the fight against climate change.中國是最早制定實(shí)施《應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化國家方案》的發(fā)展中國家。先后制定和修訂了節(jié)約能源法、可再生能源法、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)促進(jìn)法、清潔生產(chǎn)促進(jìn)法、森林法、草原法和民用建筑節(jié)能條例等一系列法律法規(guī)，把法律法規(guī)作為應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的重要手段。

China was the first developing country to adopt and implement a National Climate Change Program.We have formulated or revised the Energy Conservation Law, Renewable Energy Law, Circular Economy Promotion Law, Clean Production Promotion Law, Forest Law, Grassland Law and Regulations on Civil Building Efficiency.Laws and regulations have been an important means for us to address1

climate change.中國是近年來節(jié)能減排力度最大的國家。我們不斷完善稅收制度，積極推進(jìn)資源性產(chǎn)品價(jià)格改革，加快建立能夠充分反映市場(chǎng)供求關(guān)系、資源稀缺程度、環(huán)境損害成本的價(jià)格形成機(jī)制。全面實(shí)施十大重點(diǎn)節(jié)能工程和千家企業(yè)節(jié)能計(jì)劃，在工業(yè)、交通、建筑等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域開展節(jié)能行動(dòng)。深入推進(jìn)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)試點(diǎn)，大力推廣節(jié)能環(huán)保汽車，實(shí)施節(jié)能產(chǎn)品惠民工程。推動(dòng)淘汰高耗能、高污染的落后產(chǎn)能，2006至2008年共淘汰低能效的煉鐵產(chǎn)能6059萬噸、煉鋼產(chǎn)能4347萬噸、水泥產(chǎn)能

1.4億噸、焦炭產(chǎn)能6445萬噸。截至今年上半年，中國單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗比2005年降低13%，相當(dāng)于少排放8億噸二氧化碳。

China has made the most intensive efforts in energy conservation and pollution reduction in recent years.We have improved the taxation system and advanced the pricing reform of resource products with a view to putting in place at an early date a pricing mechanism that is responsive to market supply and demand, resource scarcity level and the cost of environmental damage.We have introduced 10 major energy conservation projects and launched an energy conservation campaign involving 1,000 enterprises, bringing energy-saving action to industry, transportation, construction and other key sectors.We have implemented pilot projects on circular economy, promoted energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles and supported the use of energy-saving products by ordinary households with government subsidies.We have worked hard to phase out backward production facilities that are energy intensive and heavily polluting.The inefficient production capacity that China eliminated between 2006 and 2008 stood at 60.59 million tons for iron, 43.47 million tons of steel, 140 million tons for cement and 64.45 million tons for coke.By the end of the first half of this year, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP had dropped by 13 percent from the 2005 level, equivalent to reducing 800 million tons of carbon dioxide.中國是新能源和可再生能源增長速度最快的國家。我們?cè)诒Ｗo(hù)生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)上，有序發(fā)展水電，積極發(fā)展核電，鼓勵(lì)支持農(nóng)村、邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)和條件適宜地區(qū)大力發(fā)展生物質(zhì)能、太陽能、地?zé)帷L(fēng)能等新型可再生能源。2005年至2008年，可再生能源增長51%，年均增長14.7%。2008年可再生能源利用量達(dá)到2.5億噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤。農(nóng)村有3050萬戶用上沼氣，相當(dāng)于少排放二氧化碳4900多萬噸。水電裝機(jī)容量、核電在建規(guī)模、太陽能熱水器集熱面積和光伏發(fā)電容量均居世界第一位。

-China has enjoyed the fastest growth of new energy and renewable energy.On the basis of protecting the eco-environment, we have developed hydro power in an orderly way, actively developed nuclear power, and encouraged and supported the development of renewable energy including biomass, solar and geothermal energy and wind power in the countryside, remote areas and other places with the proper conditions.Between 2005 and 2008, renewable energy increased by 51 percent, representing an annual growth rate of 14.7 percent.In 2008, the use of renewable energy reached an equivalent of 250 million tons of standard coal.A total of 30.5 million rural households gained access to bio-gas, equivalent to a reduction of 49 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.China ranked first in the world in terms of installed hydro power capacity, nuclear power capacity under construction, the

coverage of solar water heating panels and photovoltaic power capacity.中國是世界人工造林面積最大的國家。我們持續(xù)大規(guī)模開展退耕還林和植樹造林，大力增加森林碳匯。2003至2008年，森林面積凈增2054萬公頃，森林蓄積量凈增11.23億立方米。目前人工造林面積達(dá)5400萬公頃，居世界第一。-China has the largest area of man-made forests in the world.We have continued with the large-scale endeavor to return to farmland to forest and expand a forestation, and made vigorous effort to increase forest carbon sink.Between 2003 and 2008, China's forest coverage registered a net increase of 20.54 million hectares and forest stock volume rose by 1.123 billion cubic meters.The total area of man-made forests in China has reached 45 million hectares, the largest in the world.中國有13億人口，人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值剛剛超過3000美元，按照聯(lián)合國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，還有1.5億人生活在貧困線以下，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、改善民生的任務(wù)十分艱巨。我國正處于工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵階段，能源結(jié)構(gòu)以煤為主，降低排放存在特殊困難。但是，我們始終把應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化作為重要戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)。1990至2005年，單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放強(qiáng)度下降46%。在此基礎(chǔ)上，我們又提出，到2020年單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%，在如此長時(shí)間內(nèi)這樣大規(guī)模降低二氧化碳排放，需要付出艱苦卓絕的努力。我們的減排目標(biāo)將作為約束性指標(biāo)納入國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的中長期規(guī)劃，保證承諾的執(zhí)行受到法律和輿論的監(jiān)督。我們將進(jìn)一步完善國內(nèi)統(tǒng)計(jì)、監(jiān)測(cè)、考核辦法，改進(jìn)減排信息的披露方式，增加透明度，積極開展國際交流、對(duì)話與合作。

China has a 1.3 billion population and its per capita GDP has only exceeded 3,000 U.S.dollars.According to the U.N.standards, we still have 150 million people living below the poverty line and we therefore face the arduous task of developing the economy and improving people's livelihood.China is now at an important stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and, given the predominant role of coal in our energy mix, we are confronted with special difficulty in emission reduction.However, we have always regarded addressing climate change as an important strategic task.Between 1990 and 2005, China's carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP were reduced by 46 percent.Building on that, we have set the new target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45 percent by 2020 from the 2005 level.To reduce carbon dioxide emissions on such a large scale and over such an extended period of time will require tremendous efforts on our part.Our target will be incorporated into China's mid-and-long term plan for national economic and social development as a mandatory one to ensure that its implementation is subject to the supervision by the law and public opinions.We will further enhance the domestic-statistical, monitoring and evaluation methods, improve the way for releasing emission reduction information, increase transparency and actively engage in international exchange, dialogue and cooperation.各位同事，Dear Colleagues,應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化需要國際社會(huì)堅(jiān)定信心，凝聚共識(shí)，積極努力，加強(qiáng)合作。必須始

終牢牢把握以下幾點(diǎn)：

To meet the climate challenge, the international community must strengthen confidence, build consensus, make vigorous effort and enhance cooperation.And we must always adhere to the following three principles:

第一，保持成果的一致性。應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化不是從零開始的，國際社會(huì)已經(jīng)為之奮斗了幾十年?！堵?lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》及其《京都議定書》是各國經(jīng)過長期艱苦努力取得的成果，凝聚了各方的廣泛共識(shí)，是國際合作應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的法律基礎(chǔ)和行動(dòng)指南，必須倍加珍惜、鞏固發(fā)展。本次會(huì)議的成果必須堅(jiān)持而不能模糊公約及其議定書的基本原則，必須遵循而不能偏離“巴厘路線圖”的授權(quán)，必須鎖定而不能否定業(yè)已達(dá)成的共識(shí)和談判取得的進(jìn)展。

First, maintaining the consistency of outcomes:

The campaign against climate change has not just started.In fact, the international community has been engaged in this endeavor for decades.The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol are the outcomes of long and hard work by all countries.They reflect the broad consensus among all parties and serve as the legal basis and guide for international cooperation on climate change.And as such, they must be highly valued and further strengthened and developed.The outcome of this conference must stick to rather than obscure the basic principles enshrined in the Convention and the Protocol.It must follow rather than deviate from the mandate of the “Bali Roadmap”.It should lock up rather than deny the consensus and progress already achieved in the negotiations.第二，堅(jiān)持規(guī)則的公平性?！肮餐袇^(qū)別的責(zé)任”原則是國際合作應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的核心和基石，應(yīng)當(dāng)始終堅(jiān)持。近代工業(yè)革命200年來，發(fā)達(dá)國家排放的二氧化碳占全球排放總量的80%。如果說二氧化碳排放是氣候變化的直接原因，誰該承擔(dān)主要責(zé)任就不言自明。無視歷史責(zé)任，無視人均排放和各國的發(fā)展水平，要求近幾十年才開始工業(yè)化、還有大量人口處于絕對(duì)貧困狀態(tài)的發(fā)展中國家承擔(dān)超出其應(yīng)盡義務(wù)和能力范圍的減排目標(biāo)，是毫無道理的。發(fā)達(dá)國家如今已經(jīng)過上富裕生活，但仍維持著遠(yuǎn)高于發(fā)展中國家的人均排放，且大多屬于消費(fèi)型排放；相比之下，發(fā)展中國家的排放主要是生存排放和國際轉(zhuǎn)移排放。今天全球仍有24億人以煤炭、木炭、秸稈為主要燃料，有16億人沒有用上電。應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化必須在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的框架下統(tǒng)籌安排，決不能以延續(xù)發(fā)展中國家的貧窮和落后為代價(jià)。發(fā)達(dá)國家必須率先大幅量化減排并向發(fā)展中國家提供資金和技術(shù)支持，這是不可推卸的道義責(zé)任，也是必須履行的法律義務(wù)。發(fā)展中國家應(yīng)根據(jù)本國國情，在發(fā)達(dá)國家資金和技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓支持下，盡可能減緩溫室氣體排放，適應(yīng)氣候變化。Second, upholding the fairness of rules:

The principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”represents the core and bedrock of international cooperation on climate change and it must never be compromised.Developed countries account for 80 percent of the total global carbon dioxide emissions since the Industrial Revolution over 200 years ago.If we all agree that carbon dioxide emissions are the direct cause for climate change, then it is all too clear who should take the primary responsibility.Developing countries only started industrialization a few decades ago and many of their people still live in abject

poverty today.It is totally unjustified to ask them to undertake emission reduction targets beyond their due obligations and capabilities in disregard of historical responsibilities, per capita emissions and different levels of development.Developed countries, which are already leading an affluent life, still maintain a level of per capita emissions that is far higher than that of developing countries, and most of their emissions are attributed to consumption.In comparison, emissions from developing countries are primarily survival emissions and international transfer emissions.Today,2.4 billion people in the world still rely on coal, charcoal, and stalks as main fuels, and 1.6 billion people have no access to electricity.Action on climate change must be taken within the framework of sustainable development and should by no means compromise the efforts of developing countries to get rid of poverty and backwardness.Developed countries must take the lead in making deep quantified emission cuts and provide financial and technological support to developing countries.This is an unshirkable moral responsibility as well as a legal obligation that they must fulfill.Developing countries should, with the financial and technological support of developed countries, do what they can to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change in the light of their national conditions.第三，注重目標(biāo)的合理性。中國有句成語：千里之行，始于足下。西方也有句諺語：羅馬不是一天建成的。應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化既要著眼長遠(yuǎn)，更要立足當(dāng)前?！毒┒甲h定書》明確規(guī)定了發(fā)達(dá)國家至2012年第一承諾期的減排指標(biāo)。但從實(shí)際執(zhí)行情況看，不少發(fā)達(dá)國家的排放不減反增。目前發(fā)達(dá)國家已經(jīng)公布的中期減排目標(biāo)與協(xié)議的要求和國際社會(huì)的期望仍有相當(dāng)距離。確定一個(gè)長遠(yuǎn)的努力方向是必要的，更重要的是把重點(diǎn)放在完成近期和中期減排目標(biāo)上，放在兌現(xiàn)業(yè)已做出的承諾上，放在行動(dòng)上。一打綱領(lǐng)不如一個(gè)行動(dòng)，我們應(yīng)該通過切實(shí)的行動(dòng)，讓人們看到希望。

And third, paying attention to the practicality of the targets:

There is a Chinese proverb which goes, “A one-thousand-mile journey starts with the first step.”Similarly, there is a saying in the West which reads,“Rome was not built in one day.” In tackling climate change, we need to take a long-term perspective, but more importantly, we should focus on the present.The Kyoto Protocol has clearly set out the emission reduction targets for developed countries in the first commitment period by 2012.However, a review of implementation shows that the emissions from many developed countries have increased rather than decreased.And the mid-term reduction targets recently announced by developed countries fall considerably short of the requirements of the Convention and the expectations of the international community.Itis necessary to set a direction for our long-term efforts, but it is even more important to focus on achieving near-term and mid-term reduction targets, honoring the commitments already made and taking real action.One action is more useful than a dozen programs.We should give people hope by taking credible actions.第四，確保機(jī)制的有效性。應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，貴在落實(shí)行動(dòng)，重在機(jī)制保障。國際社會(huì)要在公約框架下做出切實(shí)有效的制度安排，促使發(fā)達(dá)國家兌現(xiàn)承諾，向發(fā)展中國家持續(xù)提供充足的資金支持，加快轉(zhuǎn)讓氣候友好技術(shù)，有效幫助發(fā)展中國家、特別是小島嶼國家、最不發(fā)達(dá)國家、內(nèi)陸國家、非洲國家加強(qiáng)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的能力建設(shè)。

Fourth, ensure the effectiveness of institutions and mechanisms:

Concrete actions and institutional guarantee are essential to our effort on tackling climate change.The international community should make concrete and effective institutional arrangements under the Convention and urge developed countries to honor their commitments, provide sustained and sufficient financial support to developing countries, speed up the transfer of climate-friendly technologies and effectively help developing countries, especially small island states, least developed countries, landlocked countries and African countries, strengthen their capacity in combating climate change.最后，我要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，中國政府確定減緩溫室氣體排放的目標(biāo)是中國根據(jù)國情采取的自主行動(dòng)，是對(duì)中國人民和全人類負(fù)責(zé)的，不附加任何條件，不與任何國家的減排目標(biāo)掛鉤。我們言必信、行必果，無論本次會(huì)議達(dá)成什么成果，都將堅(jiān)定不移地為實(shí)現(xiàn)、甚至超過這個(gè)目標(biāo)而努力。

I wish to conclude by underlining that it is with a sense of responsibility to the Chinese people and the whole mankind that the Chinese government has set the target for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.This is a voluntary action China has taken in the light of its national circumstances.We have not attached any condition to the target, nor have we linked it to the target of any other country.We will honor our word with real action.Whatever outcome this conference may produce, we will be fully committed to achieving and even exceeding the target.謝謝！

Thank you.