第一篇：口譯的類型（共）

口譯的類型

發(fā)布:fanyi02 | 發(fā)布時間: 2010年8月14日 根據(jù)時間工作模式

交替?zhèn)髯g consecutive interpreting

也稱連續(xù)口譯/傳譯、即席口譯/傳譯、逐步口譯（臺灣用語）。簡稱“交傳”或“連傳”；英文簡稱CI。

講話人說一段，譯員翻譯一段，然后循環(huán)往復、交替進行。交替?zhèn)髯g常用于新聞發(fā)布會、外事會見、商務談判、戶外活動等。3分鐘以上即可稱為長交傳。

同聲傳譯 simultaneous interpreting

又稱同步口譯、即時傳譯（港臺用語），簡稱“同傳”；英文簡稱SI。講話人的“說”與譯員的“譯”幾乎同時進行。同聲傳譯可分為常規(guī)會議同傳和耳語同傳兩種：

常規(guī)會議同傳 regular conference SI 2-3人一組，在同傳間/同傳箱（booth）使用同傳設備。一般譯員每20分鐘輪換一次。

包括有稿同傳和無稿同傳兩種形式。

耳語同傳 whispered interpreting or chuchotage 只有1-3人需要口譯服務，無需同傳設備。根據(jù)空間工作模式

現(xiàn)場口譯 live interpreting 當事雙方和譯員同時在場。

遠程口譯 remote interpreting 當事雙方和譯員不在一地：電話口譯、遠程視頻口譯等。

根據(jù)活動場合和主題 會議口譯 conference interpreting

陪同口譯 escort interpreting 外交口譯 diplomatic interpreting 商務口譯 business interpreting 媒體口譯 media interpreting 社區(qū)口譯 community interpreting

導游口譯 guide interpreting 醫(yī)學口譯 medical interpreting 國外有資格認證

法庭/法律口譯 court/legal/judicial interpreting 國外有資格認證 法庭譯員被稱為宣誓譯員 sworn interpreter 等等

根據(jù)活動的性質和正式程度

會議口譯 conference interpreting 聯(lián)絡口譯 liaison interpreting 根據(jù)譯語的流向

單向口譯 one-way interpreting 譯員只將A語譯成B語。

雙向口譯 two-way interpreting 譯員要將A語言和B語進行交替互譯。根據(jù)源語到譯語的直接性程度

直接口譯 direct interpreting 直接將一種語言譯成另一種語言。

接續(xù)口譯 relay interpreting 也叫接力口譯，簡稱“接傳”。譯員甲將講話人的A語譯成B語，再由譯員乙將B語譯成C語給聽者。其他口譯形式

視譯 sight interpreting 交傳：譯員將現(xiàn)場文字用目的語口譯給聽者，常見于導游講解。

同傳：譯員眼看講話人發(fā)言稿或幻燈片，耳聽發(fā)言人講話，進行口譯，常見于會議有稿同傳。手語口譯 sign language interpreting 在手語和口語間交替或同步翻譯，主要為聾啞人服務

第二篇：口譯比賽策劃

第二屆全國口譯大賽（英語）初賽（湘南學院賽區(qū)）

比賽策劃書

一、活動背景

第二屆全國口譯大賽的來臨。國內(nèi)外對高級口譯人才的巨大需求。

二、活動目的及意義

外語系本著“明德、博學、創(chuàng)新、篤行”的八字校訓，培養(yǎng)和鍛煉出社會需要復合型高級口譯人才，建立起湘南學院第一支口譯隊伍，并在學術比賽中取得優(yōu)異成績，提高湘南學院外語系的社會影響力。

三、活動組織機構

主辦單位：湘南學院外語系

承辦單位：湘南學院外語系辦公室

總 顧 問: 張建佳

顧問：譚勝華、段良亮、李氣糾、高芳、唐昊、張薇

四、活動對象

外語系全體學生

五、活動時間及地點

2月22日19點一棟106教室（備用教室212）

六、活動設備與材料：多媒體相關器材

七、活動前期準備

A、在系大廳張貼活動海報

B、2月21到大一各個班級宣傳

C、認真收集整理比賽之前的資料并制作ppt

D、人員安排，責任具體分工

E、選手賽前抽簽決定選手編號

F、2月22日到106教室工作人員彩排

八、活動具體規(guī)則及賽程

比賽共分四輪，第一輪不計分，余下三輪總分為三百分，算分方式為去掉兩最分求平均分，賽制采取積分末位淘汰制，除第一輪不淘汰選手以外，其余每輪排名最末四位的選手將被淘汰，即每輪比賽人數(shù)為：十四、十四、十二、八。

①第一輪——中英繞口令（每人限時三十秒）選手抽題或按編號表演繞口令

②第二輪——英漢交傳（每人限時兩分鐘）

選手抽題或按編號聽現(xiàn)場人員朗讀相應英文材料，可做簡單速記并在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)報出相應中文譯文。

③第三輪——漢英交傳（每人限時兩分鐘）

選手抽題或按編號聽現(xiàn)場人員朗讀相應中文材料，可做簡單速記并在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)報出相應英文譯文。

④第四輪——現(xiàn)場對話交傳（每組限時二十分鐘）

選手按序分為兩組，每組四人。對話對象為兩名中文嘉賓、兩名英文嘉賓。

如第一組為甲乙丙丁，則甲乙分別為兩名中文嘉賓翻譯，丙丁分別為兩名英文嘉賓翻譯，此輪談話持續(xù)十分鐘左右。中英譯員對調，如此循環(huán)一次。即第一組談話持續(xù)二十分鐘。

九、獎項設置 一等獎一名 二等獎兩名 三等獎五名 優(yōu)勝獎六名

十、人員安排

A、主持人：李琪、周弼宇

B、現(xiàn)場朗讀材料：佘希、鄒雯昕、闕景頻、龔昕、顧智晶 C、PPT制作及放映：賀新年 D、現(xiàn)場拍攝：宣傳部

E、記分員:陳曦、王雪蓮、謝康 F、話筒調試及傳遞：李澤思

G、布置會場及維護秩序：杜立剛、廖簡、趙志偉、張偉

十一、經(jīng)費預算 水 30元

十二、注意事項

A、比賽之前告知比賽的題型和范圍及賽事體制。

B、在比賽過程中不得使用輔助工具及參考資料，如發(fā)現(xiàn)違背規(guī)定，所答題不予計分

C、所有比賽資料不得外泄，比賽資料必須備份以防資料丟失 D、比賽之前內(nèi)部人員和主持人必須彩排和預設比賽的時間，以確保比賽順利進行。

E、發(fā)現(xiàn)設備不能滿足比賽要求必須及時通知修理或修改比賽方案 F、比賽之后工作成員清理現(xiàn)場

湘南學院外語系學生分會2012.2.20

第三篇：中級口譯（共）

制藥有限公司 pharmaceutical Co.Ltd 副總經(jīng)理 deputy managing director 研究生 graduate student 論文 paper 研究成果 research findings 實驗助手 lab assistant 市中心 downtown area 假日酒店 Holiday Inn 旅館招待費 hotel accommodation fee 招待所 guesthouse 舒適如歸 make sb.comfortable 不盡如人意之處 inconvenience in life and work 排憂解難 help sb.out

第二篇

Stanford University 斯坦福大學 a land of wonder充滿奇觀的國家 head office 總部

magical power 神奇的魅力 Oriental 東方的 Confucianism 儒家思想 Taoism 道家學說 inexplicable 難以言表的 set foot on 踏上……的土地 cosmopolitan city 國際大都市 maximize 充分利用 in no time 不久 rewarding 有成效的第二單元：禮儀祝辭 第一篇

閣下 your excellency...建交 the establishment of diplomatic relations近海石油勘探 offshore oil exploration 積貧積弱,任人宰割 enduring impoverishment, long-standing debility and was for a time at the mercy of other countries 落后要挨打 lagging behind leaves one vulnerable to attacks 刻骨銘心的教訓 never-forgotten lesson 中華民族偉大復興 the rejuvenation of China 不懈努力 make unremitting efforts 與時具近keep pace with the times 第一要務 the primary task 發(fā)展是硬道理 development is of overriding importance 科學發(fā)展觀 scientific outlook 和諧社會 harmonious society 互利共贏 win-win 本著……的精神 it is in the spirit of 一貫奉行 in the persistent pursuit of 雙邊關系 bilateral relations 祝酒 join sb in a toast

第二篇

mission 代表團

gracious hospitality友好款待 convey 轉達 bosom friend 知己

thriving and robust 蓬勃向上 megalopolis 特大型城市 boast 以……為自豪

unequalled 不能與……相媲美 miraculous rise 奇跡般地迅速崛起 financial giants 金融業(yè)的巨頭 business community商業(yè)界 manufacturing industry 制造業(yè)

IPR(intellectual property rights)知識產(chǎn)權 joint consultancy service 合資咨詢服務機構 transnational corportation 跨國公司 last but not least 最后

at one's earliest convenience 在其方便的時候，盡早…… cherish 珍惜

economic recession 經(jīng)濟不景氣

ensure a sustained growth 確保持續(xù)增長 on the occasion of 請允許我借……的機會……

第三單元：商務談判

第一篇

進出口商品交易會 import and export commodities fair 銷售部經(jīng)理 sales manager supply department 采購部 brochure 宣傳小冊子 scope of business 經(jīng)營范圍 machine tool 機床 workmanship 工藝 make an inquiry 詢價 quotation 報價

C.I.F Seattle 西雅圖到岸價(*cost,insurance.freight)調整價格 adjust the price competitive 具有競爭力 bulk 很大

substantially 大大地 展臺 exhibition stand

第二篇

經(jīng)營的新品 new line of business 汽車零部件 auto parts update 調整

at the cost of 不惜以……為代價 our part 我方 發(fā)盤/報盤 offer 折扣 discount supplies 貨物 free sample 免費樣品 inspection 檢驗 floor offer 底盤 counter-offer 還盤

合同格式 format of contract 規(guī)格 specification 單價 unit price 保險費由貴方承擔 the insurance premium should be born by your side business transaction 生意順利成交

第四單元：旅游觀光 第一篇

廣袤無垠的中華大地 the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory 絢麗多姿的自然景觀 gorgeous and varied natural scenery 如詩如畫 poetic and picturesque 名勝古跡 places of historic interest and scenic beauty 兵馬俑 terra-cotta sodiers and horses 故宮 the Imperial Palace 五岳之首 the most famous of China's 5 great mountains 峻拔突兀 majestic and precipitous appeal 山外有山 mountains beyond mountains 融自然與文化景觀于一體 embody natural scenery and cultural heritage 奇石,清瀑,古松,亭閣 grotesque rock formation, clear waterfalls,old-age pine trees and pavilions 歷代文人雅士書法家 famous ancient writers,scholars and calligraphers of various dynasty 石刻碑文 stone in script ion 重巒疊嶂 peaks rising one after another 經(jīng)典佳作 great classics of ancient writers of various dynasty 華夏祖先 Chinese ancestors 吉祥之地 propitious place 祭祀天地 offer sacrifices to Heaven and Earth 聯(lián)合國教科文組織 UNESCO(c=cultural,其他不必說了吧?)世界自然與文化遺產(chǎn) World heritage Commission

第二篇

geological accident 地質變化 the earth's crust 地殼

temperate cllimatic zone 熱帶地區(qū) unique fauna and flora 珍禽奇獸,奇花異草 Great Barrier 大堡礁 Ayer's Rock 阿葉爾斯石柱山

Kakadu National Park 卡喀杜國家公園 Sydney Opera House 悉尼歌劇院 skiing resort 滑雪場

gross domestic product(GDP)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 camping park 野營公園

caravan and cabin 汽車旅館,公寓住所 international cuisine 國際烹飪水準 ethnic restaurant 風味餐廳 departure tax stamp 離境印花稅票 American Express 美國運通信用卡

第五單元：大會發(fā)言

第一篇

20國集團 g 20(group of 20)央行行長 Central Bank Governor 生物科技 bio-technology 科技進步日新月異 science and technology haave been making continuous progress 金融風暴 financial turbulence 貿(mào)易壁壘 trade barriers 保護主義 protectionism 取長補短 make full use of favorable condition and promote complementarity 注入新的活力 inject new vitality to 關稅 tariff 減免債務 debt relief 優(yōu)惠貸款 concessional load 轉軌國家 countries in transition 靈活務實 flexible and pragmatic 由溫飽到小康 a period of having only basic needs met to a comfortable life 歷史性跨越 a historic breakthrough 底子薄 weak economic basis 全面建設小康社會 build a moderately prosperous society in an all-around way 科學發(fā)展觀 the guideline of scientific development 擴大內(nèi)須 expand domestic demand

科技含量高 high scientific and technological content 轉變經(jīng)濟增長方式 the transformation of the economic growth mode 提高自主創(chuàng)新能力 enhance innovative ability 促進城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域協(xié)調發(fā)展 facilitate a balanced developent between rural and urban areas 以人為本 people-centered 順應時代潮流 as a response to the trend of our times

第二篇

in an atmosphere of learning 在學術氣氛中 incubator 孵卵器 inception 涌現(xiàn) undergrad 大學生 reengineer 調整

reduce inventory 縮短開發(fā)周期 cumulative 日積月累 compound rate 復利率 operating margin 營業(yè)利率 turnover 周轉次數(shù)

outstanding receivable 未清應收帳 strategic sourcing initiative 開源節(jié)流戰(zhàn)略 customer-driven 以顧客為驅動力 service-oriented 服務型

put a new premium on 高度重視 managerial competence 管理能力 Fortune 500 companies 財富500強 expertise 專門技術 win-win thinking 雙贏思維 group synergy 協(xié)作精神

hold sb.accountable for 讓……放手做 hold a grudge against 懷恨在心

第六單元：宣傳介紹

第一篇

地勢平坦的沖積平原 a soil deposit plain land 常住居民 permanent residents 慈懸浮列車 the maglev train 長江三角洲 Yangtze River Delta 龍頭作用 play a leading role 清朝乾隆，嘉慶年間 during the reigns of Qianlong and Jiaqing of Qing Dynasty 石油化工產(chǎn)業(yè) the petrochemical industry 精細化工產(chǎn)業(yè) the fine chemical 家用電器產(chǎn)業(yè) the home electrical appliance industry 生物醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)業(yè) the bioengineering and pharmaceutical industry 支柱產(chǎn)業(yè) pillar industry 歷史文物保護單位 sites of historical interest and cultural relics under protection 海派文化 Shanghai regional culture 美食家 gourmet 清真 authentic Muslim 萬國建筑博覽會 exhibition of the world's architecture 內(nèi)環(huán)線高架道路 elevated inner beltway 野生動物園 the Wildlife zoo 迎新撞鐘活動 New year's Greeting Bell-striking 廟會 Temple Fair 桂花節(jié) Sweet Osmanthus Festival 海納百川，有容乃大 the sea admits hundreds of rivers for its capacity to hold 乘騏驥以馳騁兮 on your steed galloping 來吾道夫先路 on my road pioneering 聰明，精明，高明 bright,smart,wise

第二篇

British Commonwealth 英聯(lián)邦 physically spread out 布局分散 predominant 主導 conglomeration 聚結 commute 外來工作者

prominent landmark 顯著的地貌標志 Saint Paul's Cathedral 圣保羅大教堂 Westminster Abbey 威斯敏斯特教堂 monarchy 君主政體 coronation 加冕禮

Buckingham Palace 白金漢宮 hub 中心 slum 貧民窟 lavish 豪華

philharmonic orchestra 愛樂樂團 venue 場所 cornucopia 各類

successive eras 各個階段 chronologically 從歷史上 repository 陳列館

premier art collection 最重要的美術作品

striking portraits of Britons 不列顛人逼真的肖像

第七單元：參觀訪問

第一篇

學位點 degree program 國家級重點社科研究基地 key social science research centers 博士后科學研究流動站 post-doctoral research stations 國家級重點學科 national key disciplines 兩院院士 academicians of the Chinese academy of science and the Chinese academy of engineering 網(wǎng)絡教育 online education 科舉制 imperial examination 日月光華,旦復旦兮 brilliant are the sunlight and the moonlight after night the day dawns again 人文精神 humanistic spirit 披荊斬棘,篳路藍縷 negotiate various impediment 博學而篤志,切問而近思 extensive scholarship with unyielding dedication and earnest inquiry with close examination 治學態(tài)度 educational philosophy 取精用弘的學術思想 the academic ideology of extracting the best and exploiting the greatest 懷抱超曠的才雋學人 graduates with brilliant scholarship 高等教育發(fā)展的重中之重 priority among institutions of high learning 承前啟后 inherit fine tradition and usher in the future mission 精誠團結,共襄盛舉 strive together in good faith 文理工醫(yī)科綜合性大學 a comprehensive university with a complete range disciplines in liberal arts, science, engineering and medicine 全面提升知名度和影響力 elevate influence and visibility in all dimensions 社會轉型時期 a period of social transition 百年傳承之名校 a prestigious university with a century-long academic tradition and intellectual esteem

第二篇

Vancouver 溫哥華

Canada’s gateway to the pacific 加拿大通往太平洋的門戶 The Panama Canal 巴拿馬運河 Natural ice-free harbor 天然不凍港 Manufactured goods 制成品

Lumber and paper milling 伐木、造紙 Oil refining 煉油

Metal fabricating 金屬鍛造 Printed matter 印刷 Real estate 房地產(chǎn) Triple 增至3倍 Quadruple 增至4倍 Quintuple 增至5倍

High-rise office building 摩天辦公樓 Boutique 時裝禮品店 Ethnic group 少數(shù)民族團體 Planetarium 天文館 Aquarium 水族館 Skating rink 溜冰場 Botanical garden 植物園

Conservatory of exotic plants 異國植物花房 Maple tree 楓樹 Sap 樹液 syrup 糖漿

第八單元：人物訪談

第一篇：

國際清算銀行行長 president of the Bank for international settlements 宏觀經(jīng)濟 macroeconomic 浮動匯率 floating foreign exchange rate world economic projection 世界經(jīng)濟預計 impetus 動力 reassuring 讓人放心

command economy 計劃經(jīng)濟 fiscal policy 財政政策

surplus and deficit 贏余和赤字 deterioration 最壞；最低點 without precedent 第一次 pact 公約

curb deficits 防止財政狀況惡化 pension commitments 養(yǎng)老金投入 yields on nominal bonds 名義收益率 deflation 緊縮

exchange rate appreciation 貨幣升值 domestic liquidity 國內(nèi)流動資金 precipitous move 突然變動 stifle 葬送

workable measures of transition 可行的過度措施 stance 姿態(tài)

第二篇

新千年 the new millennium 新紀元 the new age 精髓 essence 陶器 pottery 京劇戲裝 Costumes of Peking Opera 莫高窟復制品 the replica of the Mogao Grottoes 青銅戰(zhàn)車 the bronze chariot 戰(zhàn)國早期的禮儀樂器 ritual musical instruments produced early in the Warring States Period 八音度 a range of octave 音域寬 wide range 定音 tone setting 瑟，笙，簫，鼓 se, sheng, xiao, drums 整理 collate 骨哨 bone flute 搖籃 cradle 舞臺服飾 performance costumes 夸張和象征的手法 exaggeration and symbolic means 名模 famous model

第九單元：文化交流

第一篇

民為貴 people being the most important 巨大活力 the immense vitality 生動寫照 vivid reflection 生存權 subsistence right 立國之本 the foundation to build the country 不懈努力 make unremitting endeavor 相輔相成 the two are complementary to each other 民族先人 ancestor 初步繁榮昌盛 initial prosperity 吸收和借鑒 absorb and draw upon fruits of 祖國統(tǒng)一 reunification of the country 繁衍 multiply 偉大復興 the great rejuvenation 先行者 forerunner 區(qū)域自治 regional autonomy 憲法保障 protected by the Constitution 崇高目標 lofty goal 親仁善鄰 benevolence and good-neighborliness 國之寶箴 treasured maxim

第二篇

millennium 千年 landmark 標志性 reclusive 避世隱居

Danish architect Jorn Utzon 丹麥設計師鈞恩烏特松 with media access 有機會接觸媒體 architectural icon 建筑業(yè)偶像

in the pantheon of 在……的萬神殿中 pluck 淘汰

a complete one-off 空前絕后 was quite at odds with 相去甚遠 rectilinear 垂直式

maverick genius 獨樹一幟的奇才 promontory 海角 backdrop 背景

in high dudgeon 一怒之下

manifold difficulties 各種各樣的困難 seductive beauty 有魅力的純美 patron 資助人

第十單元：科學報告

第一篇

中國古代藥王神農(nóng)氏 Shennong, the celebrated herbal master of ancient China 中醫(yī)史上的萌芽階段 the embryo stage in the development of TCM 戰(zhàn)國時期 the Warring States Period 黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng) HuangDi’s Classic of internal Medicine 神農(nóng)本草經(jīng) Shennong’s herbal classic

主治、功用和毒性 primary treatments, functions and toxic character 藥典 pharmacopoeia 救死扶傷 healing the sick and saving the dying 職業(yè)道德規(guī)范 professional work ethic 食補保健 food treatment approach 延緩衰老 defer senility 相互作用、互為依存 be of mutual influence and interdependence 有機的整體 an organic whole 診斷疾病 diagnose disease 陰陽對立制約 yin and yang are mutually opposing and constraining 互根互用 be interdependent and mutually promoting 消長平衡 proportionally change with the decrease of one, resulting in, or from the increase of the other 相互轉化 mutually transformational 健康的要素 be essential for the maintenance of good health 指導思想 guiding concept 臨床治療方法 clinical treatment 針灸療法 acupuncture and moxibustion 按摩推拿 medical massage 氣功療法 deep breathing exercises 贏得廣泛贊譽 win worldwide acclaim 中醫(yī)專業(yè)隊伍 TCM professionals 綜合醫(yī)院 general hospital

第二篇

astrobiology 天體生物學 nitrogen 氮 hydrogen 氫 oxygen 氧氣

photosynthesis 光合作用 equilibrium平衡 meteor 流星 embedded 埋植

carbon compound 碳化合物 hypothesis 假設 Antarctic 南極的 aesthetics 審美觀

the Leonid meteor showers 獅子座流星雨 debris 碎片 comet 彗星

The Azores 亞速爾群島

Infrared spectrographs 紅外線攝譜儀 organic molecule 有機分子 spectrographic 攝譜的 disseminate 散布 prebiotic life 前生物生命 galaxy 銀河系

第十一單元：飲食文化

第一篇

烹飪藝術 culinary art 民以食為天 food is the paramount necessity of the people 推陳出新 creative efforts 色、香、味 color, aroma and taste 擺放 layout 冷盤 cold dishes 原料 raw material 作料調配 the blending of seasoning 調味藝術 the art of proper seasoning 食物質地 the texture of food 刀功 slicing technique 乳豬 suckling pig 點心 pastries 黃酒 yellow rice wine 烈性白酒 strong white liquor 敬酒 toast with 小啜 take a sip 饅頭 steamed bread 熱卡 calories 主食 staple food

第二篇

food style 飲食習慣 solid diet 豐盛的食物 health food 保健餐 Little Italy 小意大利城 Germantown 德國城 native specialties 家鄉(xiāng)特色菜

Creole accent to the food 克里奧耳口味 physical well-being 身體健康 ironic 諷刺的 preservative 防腐劑 cheese 奶酪

第十二單元：中國改革

第一篇

翻天覆地的變化 earthshaking changes 面貌煥然一新 take on a brand-new look 出/入境旅游 outbound/inbound travel 村/居委會 village committee/urban neighborhood committee 解決溫飽問題 solve the problem of food and clothing 落實科學發(fā)展觀 follow a scientific approach of development 以人為本，執(zhí)政為民 put people first in administration 著力搞好宏觀調空 concentrate on doing macro-regulatory work well 激發(fā)創(chuàng)造活力 stimulate creativity 實施穩(wěn)健的財政政策 follow prudent fiscal policy 三農(nóng)工作是重中之重 work relating agriculture, rural areas and farmers remains top priority 加強農(nóng)田水利建設 intensify development of irrigation and conservancy project 多渠道轉移農(nóng)業(yè)富余勞動力 transfer surplus rural labor to nonagricultural jobs 推進產(chǎn)業(yè)結構優(yōu)化升級 optimize and upgrade the industrial structure 加強生態(tài)建設 strengthen ecological improvement 推進財稅體制改革 promote the reform of fiscal and tax system 加強精神文明建設 promote social and ethnical progress 加強行政能力建設和政風建設 improve the government’s administrative capacity and style of work 建設服務型政府 service-oriented government 意氣風發(fā) in high spirits 同心同德、再接再厲 united with one heart and one mind, continue our concerted and unyielding efforts

第二篇

overstate 夸大

turn one’s back on 對……封閉 anarchy 政治混亂 warlordism 軍閥割據(jù)

make up lost ground 收復失地 springboard 跳板 with gusto 滿懷熱情

subsistence farming 自然經(jīng)濟 marginal productivity 邊際生產(chǎn)力 tariff barrier 關稅壁壘 bolster 保持

joint venture 合資企業(yè)

incremental capital output ratio 資本產(chǎn)出比率 reckon 估計

purchasing power parity 購買力平價 capital accumulation 資本積累

demographic forecasts 人口統(tǒng)計學上的預見 hiccup 磕磕碰碰 forerunner 前驅 dwarf 讓……相形見絀

第十三單元：信息時代 第一篇

籌備會議 preliminary meeting 處理程序性問題 address procedure issue 智能化 intelligence computerization 多樣化 diversification 信息通信技術 infocom technology 結構調整 architecture readjustment 升級換代 upgrading 融語音、數(shù)據(jù)、圖像于一體 integrate voice date and image 寬帶高速信息網(wǎng) high-speed broadband information network 全方位地滿足業(yè)務需求 meet various service requirements in all dimensions 制約因素 reason 宏觀調控 macroeconomic control 市場管制 market regulation 規(guī)避市場風險 avoid market risks 創(chuàng)新的融資機智 innovative financing mechanism 資金的多元投入 for more financing channels 911事件 September 11 terrorist attack 應急系統(tǒng) emergency system 數(shù)字鴻溝 digital divide

第二篇

don 穿上 scaffold 框架 thermostat 恒溫計 EKG 心電圖儀

telemetric system 遙測系統(tǒng) emulate 仿效 symbiosis 共生現(xiàn)象

software programmer 軟件編程師 collaborate 合作 debug 調試 neuron 神經(jīng)元 tackle 解決 interstellar 星際

microprocessor 微型處理器 ad hoc 特別的 cell phone 手機

the heftiest desktop 最先進的臺式機

fight off an attacking wasp 擊退發(fā)起進攻的黃蜂 simpleton 傻子

emergent behavior 突發(fā)性的行為 mischievous and sinister 惡意 antithetical 對立的 resilience 應變能力 seismic activity 地震活動 geomagnetic storm 地磁風暴 a worrisome spike 麻煩 reroute traffic 改變行動路線 InterPlaNet 星際網(wǎng) asteroid 小行星

unmanned probe 吾人駕駛探測器 proprietary(信息)專有

feel tingles on one’s spine 感覺到脊椎的震顫 第十四單元：外交政策

第一篇

外國使節(jié) diplomatic envoy 復雜而深刻的變化 complex and profound changes 各種問題相互交織 various threats are intertwined 指導國際關系的準則 norms governing international relations 切實履行 implement in real earnest 以強凌弱的霸權主義 bully the weak and pursue hegemony 文明的多樣性 the diversity of civilizations 萬物并育而不相害 all living creature grow together without harming one another 道并行而人不相悖 ways run parallel without interfering with one another 相互借鑒、取長補短 learn from each other in mutual emulation 相互包容、求同存異 mutual tolerance, seek agreement while shelving differences 減免債務 reduce and forgive debts 軍事聯(lián)盟 military alliance 動輒訴諸武力 resort to use or threat of force 擯棄冷戰(zhàn)思維 the Cold War mentality should be done away with 核武器擴散 nucleus weapons proliferation 跨國犯罪 trans-boundary crimes 生態(tài)惡化 environmental degradation 永遠不稱霸 never seek hegemony 維護國家主權和領土完整 safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity 睦鄰、安鄰、富鄰政策 the policy of creating an amicable, secure and prosperous neighborhood 奔騰不息的時代潮流 irresistible tide of the times

第二篇

diplomacy 外交手段

monetary structure 貨幣組織 military deterrence 軍事威懾 utmost purpose 最高宗旨 subordinate 服從于 overshadow 黯然失色 initiative 主動行動

downright distrust 不信任的傳統(tǒng) utility 利用 authorization 授權 sponsorship 操辦 intervention 干預

take…into account 考慮到 the IMF 國際貨幣基金組織 trade deficits 貿(mào)易赤字 commitment 致力于 war-torn 遭受戰(zhàn)爭破壞 elite 上層人物

military alliance 軍事聯(lián)盟

demobilization/remobilization 遣散軍隊/重組軍隊

第十五單元：國際關系

第一篇

紀念……成立……周年 commemorate ….anniversary of the founding of 恪守承諾 commitment to

聯(lián)合國憲章宗旨和原則 the purpose and the principles of the UN Charter 善鄰之道 live together in peace with one another as good neighbors 劃時代意義 epoch-making 里程碑 milestone 人類社會滄桑巨變 stupendous changes in human society 國際舞臺風云變幻 vicissitudes in the international arena 地區(qū)熱點問題 regional hot spot issue 民族分裂勢力 regional separatists 極端宗教勢力 religious extremist 毒品走私 drug trafficking 傳染性疾病 communicable disease 堅持多邊主義 uphold multilateralism 擯棄冷戰(zhàn)思維 abandon the Cold War mentality 標本兼治 address both symptoms and root causes 裁軍與軍備控制 disarmament and arms control 防止核擴散 prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons 包容精神 the spirit of inclusiveness 文明多樣性 diversity of civilization 兼容并蓄的和諧世界 harmonious world where all coexist and accommodate each other 休戚與共的命運 interests and destinies

第二篇

subsequent endeavor 此后的努力

humanitarian 人道主義者

refrain 不以

non-intervention 不干涉

domestic jurisdiction 內(nèi)部事務

the minimum doe of conduct 最起碼的行為準則

the Security Council 安理會

paralysis 癱瘓

veto right 否決權

incapacitate 無所作為

nuclear weapon proliferation 核武器擴散

communicable disease 傳染性疾病

buffer conflicts 緩解沖突

enforcement 強制

meddle 管閑事

manifold 多種多樣

permeate 滲透

practice tolerance 寬容忍讓

transcend differences 超越差異

convergence of interests 共同利益的匯合點

coercion 高壓政治

tackle 處理

第四篇：中級口譯復習資料

Unit 1 在這明月中秋的良宵，我們在東海之濱的上海歡聚一堂，我代表中國政府和人民，向前來參加時代華納集團舉辦的“99《財富》全球論壇”活動的朋友們，表示熱烈的歡迎。

On the occasion of this moon-lit mid-autumn evening, we are very glad to get together in Shanghai on the coast of the East Sea.On behalf of the Chinese government and its people, I?d like to extend my warm welcome to our friends who are here to attend the 99 fortune global forum sponsored by Time Warner Group.本著友好合作、相互促進、共同繁榮的精神，我謹向您和代表團的全體成員表示 最熱烈的歡迎，并向您轉達我石化集團全體員工的最誠摯的問候。

In the spirit of friendly cooperation, mutual promotion and common prosperity, I?d like to extend my warmest welcome to you and all members of your delegation.Meanwhile, I?d like to convey to you the most sincere greetings from the staff of our petro-chemical group.Interpreting Exercise 在這月光明媚的夜晚，我們很高興同懷特先生及其同事在此歡聚一堂。孔子曾經(jīng)說過，“有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎?！?/ 懷特先生是我們的老朋友，是一位美中貿(mào)易的開拓者。懷特先生是上世紀70年代乒乓外交后首批來華的美國商人之一。// 自從那年起，我們同威爾遜時裝公司簽定了26 個合同。盡管貿(mào)易額時多時少，但我們已建立了非常牢固的互利關系。// 我們目前的合同下個月到期，明天我們將開始關于新合同的談判，我想借此機會，為談判的成功和我們兩家公司的繁榮而干杯。

On this beautiful moonlit evening, we?re very happy to have Mr.White and his party here with us.Confucius once said, “It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar.”// Mr.White is an old friend of ours, a pioneer in the US trade with China.He was among the first American businessmen who came to China right after the Pingpong Diplomacy in the 1970s.// Since then, we have signed 26 contracts with Wilson Fashion Company.Though there have been fluctuations in the trade volume, we have developed a very solid and mutually beneficial relationship.// As our present contract is expiring next month, we?ll begin our negotiation for the new contract tomorrow.I?d like to take this opportunity to propose a toast to the success of the negotiation and to the prosperity of our two companies.Unit 2 Passage 1 中國的體育運動經(jīng)歷了幾千年的發(fā)展，但是直到1949 年中華人民共和國成立后才成為國家的事業(yè)。// 中國政府高度重視發(fā)展體育事業(yè)。目前，一個全國范圍的體育運動網(wǎng)絡已建立起來，這方面的開支被列入國家的預算之中。// 中國發(fā)展育運動的目的是在人民中普及體育運動，增強他們的體質，預防諸如“非典型肺炎”等各種疾病的感染。// 其次，是提高整個國家的體育技能，創(chuàng)造新記錄，以促進經(jīng)濟、道德和文化的發(fā)展。Chinas sports have undergone several thousand years of development.But they were not regarded as an undertaking of the country until 1949, when the People's Republic of China was founded.// The Chinese government attaches great importance to the development of sports.Now, a nationwide network for physical culture and sports has been set up and expenditure in this field has been included in the state budget.// The purpose of developing physical culture and sports in China is to popularize sports among the people and enhance their physique so as to prevent the infection of various diseases such as SARS.// Besides, it is to improve the sporting skills of the country as a whole and create new records, thus helping to promote the country's economic as well as ethical and cultural development.Passage 2 萬里長城據(jù)稱是唯一可以從月球上望見的地球建筑物，人們可以從位于北京西北75公里以外的八達嶺區(qū)直接觀望到蜿蜒連綿的萬里長城。// 長城始建于戰(zhàn)國時期，以防御北方外族人入侵。統(tǒng)一中國的秦始皇動用了無數(shù)人建成了今天的中國長城。// 舉世聞名的長城全長6,700公里，起始于俯望渤海灣的山海關，止于甘肅省的嘉峪關。兩千年來幾經(jīng)修整，是中華民族的歷史見證。// 萬里長城雄偉壯觀。古代中國人在沒有機械的條件下用雙手修建了這樣偉大的建筑真是了不起。

The Great Wall claims to be the only man-made structure on the earth which is visible from the moon.The winding Great Wall can be viewed from the Badaling district, about 75 kilometers to the northwest of Beijing.// It was built during the Warring States period to prevent invasions of nomadic people from the north.The first Qin emperor, who unified China into one country, mobilized hundreds of thousands of builders to complete what is known today as the Great Wall of China.// The world-famous Great Wall is 6,700 kilometers long from Shanhaiguan, which overlooks the Gulf of Bo Hai, to Jiayuguan Pass in Gansu province.The wall underwent repeated reconstruction during its 2000-year history, witnessing the historical changes of the Chinese nation.// The Great Wall is magnificent.It is really great that the ancient Chinese constructed such a gigantic structure without any machinery available.Unit 3 1．上海外國語學校創(chuàng)辦于1963年，隸屬于上外，是全國最早創(chuàng)建的幾所外國語學校之一。Shanghai Foreign language school was founded in 1963.It is affiliated to SISU and isone of the oldest foreign language schools in China.這是由國家教育部和上海市教委雙重領導下的全科類重點中學。學校有一支優(yōu)秀的教師隊伍，現(xiàn)有35個班級，1300名在校學生。// This is a prestigious middle school covering all the required subjects under the dual leadership of Chinese Ministry of Education and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission.The school boasts an excellent teaching faculty with 35 classes and 1300 students enrolled.我校開設英，德，法，日，俄等五個語種，多方面為學生學好外語創(chuàng)造良好的條件。// Our school offers five foreign language programs including English, German, French, Japanese and Russian so as to provide a good environment for students to learn foreign languages well.我校還開設多種選修課，第二外語課，幫助學生擴大知識面，發(fā)展個性特長，陶冶情操，保證學生在德，智，體，美諸方面全面發(fā)展。

In addition, our school offers a large variety of optional courses and second foreign language courses so as to enlarge the student?s knowledge scope, develop their personalities and special skills and foster their healthy values, thus ensuring the student?s overall development in moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic aspects.2．教育歷來是全社會關注的熱點。但是，普及教育在農(nóng)村要比城市困難，在邊緣貧窮地區(qū)普及教育困難更大。// 一個突出的問題是女孩子的入學問題。農(nóng)村的女孩子是家庭中的重要勞動力，既要照看弟妹，又要做家務。// 不少農(nóng)民雖然懂得智力投資的重要性，但是限于經(jīng)濟條件，他們首先要培養(yǎng)男孩子，因為他們認為，男孩子是家庭中最穩(wěn)定的成員。而女孩子早晚要出嫁。

為此，我們專門抓了女孩的教育問題。例如，辦一些護士學校和師范學校，可多招收女生，為她們多開辟就業(yè)門路。

Education has always been one of the major concerns in our society.However, it is more difficult to do so in the remote and poverty stricken areas.// An obvious problem / major issue lies with the school education for young girls.Girls in rural areas are important laborers;they have to look after their younger brothers and sisters and meanwhile, take care of housework.// Many farmers know well / are aware of the importance of education.However, due to their poor economic conditions, they focus more on the school education of their sons.They believe boys are the most stable family members and girls will(eventually)leave when they get married.// Therefore, we have made special efforts to promote education for young girls.For example, we enroll more girls in schools for training nurses and teachers, so as to ensure more and easier employment for girls(after graduation).Unit 4 1．幾百年來，中國向全世界傳播了其在5000年的歷史長河中所積累的醫(yī)療保健知識。今天中國傳統(tǒng)的保健方法，如太極拳，氣功和按摩等，正日益顯示其重要性。

據(jù)中醫(yī)理論，保持身心平衡是健康的要素。太極拳，氣功和按摩就是以該理論為基礎的。今天世界各地學打太極拳，氣功和按摩的人越來越多。這些健身之法不僅對人體健康有效，而且對心腦健康和減肥都有很好的療效。

In the past several hundred years, China has spread to the whole world its medicare and health-maintaining knowledge accumulated in the 5000 years? history.Today, traditional health-maintaining methods, such as Tai Chi, Chi Kung and massage, are becoming increasingly important.According to TCM theory, it is essential to strike a balance between the body and the mind.Tai Chi, Chi Kung and massage are based on this theory.Nowadays an increasing number of people are learning Tai Chi, Chi Kung and massage.These methods are effective to people?s physical health, their mental health and weight reduction.2．最近，中國第一次采用國際普查標準，得出了愛滋病在全國蔓延程度的最精確估計。// 根據(jù)衛(wèi)生部和世界衛(wèi)生組織的聯(lián)合調查，在中國,有八十四萬人感染愛滋病毒,其中八萬人病癥已相當嚴重。// 有關衛(wèi)生部門共抽樣調查了來自七個組別的十萬余人，其中包括吸毒者、黑市賣血者等高危人群。// 4 為了控制愛滋病在國內(nèi)傳播，政府每年都要投入大量的人力和財力。目前看來，在群眾中開展大規(guī)模的教育運動是一個行之有效的方法。

Recently, China has obtained its most accurate estimates yet of the spread of HIV/AIDS across the country by adopting international survey standards for the first time.//

Based on a joint survey conducted by the Ministry of Health and World Health Organization(WHO), 840,000 people in China are believed to have HIV/AIDS including 80,000 with full-blown AIDS.// Health authorities concerned have sampled(among)100,000 people in seven groups, including high-risk populations such as drug users and people selling blood on the black market.// In order to control/check the transmission and spread of AIDS, our government has spent/expended a lot of human and financial resources every year.So far, it seems that one of the effective ways is to conduct large-scale campaign(movements)among the common people / mass education / educate people on a large scale.Unit 5 Passage 1 上海是世界上最大的海港城市之一, 也是中國最大的工業(yè), 商業(yè), 金融, 航運中心之一.這里有著世界上最快的陸地交通工具---磁懸浮列車和亞洲最高的高塔---東方明珠塔, 它們標志著上海的速度和高度.Shanghai is one of the largest seaports in the world and one of the largest industrial, commercial, financial and shipping centers.It boasts the fastest transportation tool on land---the maglev train, and the highest TV tower in Asia---the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, both of which mark the speed and the height of Shanghai.隨著經(jīng)濟改革的日益深化, 這座昔日被譽為遠東金融, 經(jīng)濟和貿(mào)易中心的城市正在為促進長江三角洲的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展起著龍頭作用.與此同時, 上海以她獨特的風韻吸引著數(shù)以百萬計的海內(nèi)外游客.作為一座國際大都市, 上海的國際航班可直達世界上60 多座城市.With the deepening of economic reform, Shanghai, which used to be crowned as the financial, economic and trade center in the far-east, is playing a leading role in the economic development of the Yangtze River Delta Region.Meanwhile, it is attracting millions of tourists from home and abroad with its unique charm.As a metropolis, shanghai has direct flights reaching over 60 chief cities in the world.以東方明珠聞名于世的上海是中國通向世界的東大門.早在唐宋時期, 上海便是中國東部的一座外貿(mào)商鎮(zhèn), 與日本, 朝鮮和東南亞各國之間有著商貿(mào)關系.到了清朝乾隆, 嘉慶年間,上海成了中國東南部的大都市和海運中心.那時候, 申城里萬商云集, 浦江上千帆斗艷, 好 5 一派繁榮興旺的景象!Shanghai, which is known to the world as the oriental pearl, is China’s east gateway to the outside world.As early as in the Tang and Song dynasties, shanghai was a foreign trade town in East China and it established business relationship with Japan, Korea and southeastern Asian countries.Then during the periods of Emperor Qianlong and Emperor Jiaqing, shanghai became the big city and shipping center in Southeast China.At that time, there were thousands of merchants in Shanghai and there were hundreds of boats floating on the Huangpu River.How prosperous thescene was!Passage 2 London is the capital of the United Kingdom and chief city of the British Commonwealth.With a population of about 7 million and an area of 1,580 sq km, this vast metropolis is by far the largest city in Europe, a distinction it has maintained since the 17th century.In the 19th century it was the largest and most influential city in the world, the center of a large and prosperous overseas empire.Although it no longer ranks among the world?s most populous cities, London is still one of the world?s major financial and cultural capitals.What Londoners do for a living has changed considerably since the city was a commercial and industrial center in the 19th century.Manufacturing has steadily declined and today accounts for less than 10 percent of total employment.The printing and publishing industry is now a leading employer.Far more important is the services sector, which employs 85 percent of London’s workforce.This is led by financial and business services.Tourism is another important part of the services sector.London attracts more than 24 million visitors annually, more than half of them from outside the country.Serving tourists is thought to employ at least 300,000 Londoners.Unit 6 1.城市急劇膨脹，人口增長過速，農(nóng)村人口大量移居城鎮(zhèn)，將使城市變得想象不到的龐大和擁擠。// 城市人口的迅速增長，將對公共衛(wèi)生、淡水供應、醫(yī)療保健、食品、住房、交通和就業(yè)造成極大壓力，并且?guī)硪恍盒陨鐣栴}。// 同時，由于城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展而失去優(yōu)質農(nóng)田、日益嚴重的空氣和水質的污染使農(nóng)作物受到損害。農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展將更加步履維艱。// 地球資源目益匱乏，這也是一個不容忽視的問題?？磥斫鉀Q人口過激增長的問題，是擺在現(xiàn)代人面前的一項艱巨而迫切的任務。

The sharp expansion of cities, the rapid growth of population and the shift of a large rural population into cities and towns, will make the urban areas unimaginably expanded and crowded.// The rapid growth of urban population will put heavy pressure on public health, fresh water supply, medical care, food supply, housing, transportation and employment, and also bring about some vicious social problems.// In the meantime, the urban and township development will cause more loss of fertile farmland.The ever-increasing serious air and water pollution will damage crops.All these will form more obstacles to the development of agriculture.// The increasing shortage of resources on earth is also a major problem that cannot be ignored.It seems that the solution to the problem concerning the extremely rapid growth of population is a difficult and pressing task facing all the people in modern society.2． 當今世界，環(huán)境保護已成為各國政府和各界人士共同關心的問題。在過去的10年中，海平面升高和森林被砍伐的速度都是前所未有的。// 生態(tài)惡化、物種滅絕、臭氧層破壞、溫室效應、酸雨、土地沙漠化等一系列環(huán)境問題已經(jīng)嚴重影響到人們的生存環(huán)境和身體健康。// 環(huán)境問題已經(jīng)成為人類的最大威脅之一。環(huán)境惡化造成的問題之一就是缺水。目前，全世界40%以上的人口，即24億人面臨缺水問題。// 據(jù)預測，未來25年全球人口將由60億增長到80億，環(huán)境面臨更大的壓力。人類在解決環(huán)境與發(fā)展問題上面臨的困難還很多，道路還很長。// Nowadays, environmental protection has become the common issue.It is a concern of governments in various countries and people of all walks of life.Sea levels rose and forests were destroyed at unprecedented rates during the last decade.// A series of environmental problems such as the deterioration of the ecosystem, the extinction of bio-species, damage to the ozone layer, the “green-house effect”, acid rain and desertification have posed a serious threat to human living conditions and health.// Environmental problems have become one of the biggest threats to human civilization.The environmental crisis has led to a serious water shortage.Presently, more than 40 percent of the world’s population-2.4 billion people-now are short of water.// And it is predicted that with the global population expected to increase from six billion to eight billion over the next 25 years, more stress will be placed on the environment.There is a long way to go in overcoming problems and striking a balance between economic development and environmental protection.// Unit 7 1.Since 1980s when China adopted reform and opening policies, China has always been a focus of attention of the world as its trade relations with other countries have developed by leaps and bounds.Many foreign businessmen have found that China is one of the fastest growing economies in the world and one of the best choices of their investment destinations.Today, we American businessmen are eager to learn more about trade and investment opportunities in China, especially after its accession to the WTO and its victory over the bid for 2008 Olympics and 2010 World Exposition.Many American businessmen and their lawyers now understand that they must study the laws, trade practices, and cultural traditions of China in order to be more effective in doing business with their partners.自從20世紀80年代中國實行改革開放政策以來，中國與其他國家的貿(mào)易關系發(fā)展迅速，一直是世界的焦點。// 很多外國商人發(fā)現(xiàn)中國是世界上經(jīng)濟發(fā)展最快的國家之一，也是他們投資最理想的選擇之一。// 如今，美國商人渴望更多的了解，特別是中國入世、申辦2008 年奧運會和2010 年世博會成功之后的，在華貿(mào)易和投資的機會。// 很多美國商人和他們的律師現(xiàn)在認識到，為了更有效地和他們的貿(mào)易伙伴做生意，他們必須研究中國法律，貿(mào)易慣例和文化傳統(tǒng)。

2.As a responsible nation, we have strong interest in making global trade and investment as free as possible, as fair as possible, and so open as possible.// The past five years has witnessed a steady and sustained increase in US trade, which has produced more than one-third of our country?s economic growth.// If we are to continue generating good jobs and higher incomes in our country, when we are just 4 percent of the world?s population, we must continue to sell more to the other 96 percent.// With a quarter of the world?s population and its fastest growing economy, China could and should be a big market for our goods and services.作為一個有責任心的民族，我們十分關注要使全球貿(mào)易與投資盡可能地做到自由、公正與開放的。// 過去五年中美國貿(mào)易穩(wěn)定、持續(xù)增長，占我國經(jīng)濟增長（總量）的三分之一以上。// 如果要繼續(xù)在我國創(chuàng)造良好的就業(yè)機會和更高的收入，我們這個人口僅為世界人口4%的國家必須繼續(xù)向另外96%的人口出售更多的商品。// 中國作為一個擁有世界人口四分之

一、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展最快的國家，能夠而且也應該成為我國商品和服務的大市場。

Unit 8 1． Ladies and gentlemen, today I would like to devote myself to the topic of globalization.The world is changing rapidly as nations reach out to establish new and expanded commercial relationships to stimulate national growth.International travel is increasingly common, and communications between countries are not only easy but also fast, thanks to the rapid development of modem science and technology.Worldwide financial networks facilitate the movement of currencies across national borders, and economic relations among nations are becoming a major consideration in foreign-policy-making.With the world economic globalization coming into being, all businessmen with different cultural and traditional backgrounds will share the benefits that modem science and technology have brought them.女士們，先生們：今天我只想談談全球化這個話題。世界變化飛快，為了促進本國國民經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，各國都在爭取建立或擴大與其他國家的商務來往。由于現(xiàn)代科技的迅速發(fā)展，國際旅游日趨頻繁，各國之間的通訊便利捷達。國際金融網(wǎng)絡的建立，使貨幣流通沖破了國界，國與國之間的經(jīng)濟關系成為（世界各國）制定外交關系的一個重要（考慮）因素。隨著世界經(jīng)濟全球化的實現(xiàn)，有著不同文化和傳統(tǒng)背景的商人將分享現(xiàn)代科技給他們所帶來的好處。

2． The American computer firm Microsoft has announced that it will invest four hundred million dollars in India over the next three years.The investments will include information technology education and the development of software for the local market.// Part of the investment will be in IT education in local schools, and it will affect three and a half million students and eighty thousand teachers.// The investment in the development of software will create three hundred more jobs in the southern Indian.This was the largest investment Microsoft had made outside the United States.// As Microsoft?s Chairman, Bill Gates pointed out that India is of strategic importance.He did not believe the suggestions that the world wide growth in the software industry would slow down.美國微軟電腦公司宣布將在未來三年來印度投資4 億美元。投資包括信息技術教育和用于當?shù)厥袌龅能浖_發(fā)。// 其中的一部分投資將用于當?shù)貙W校，涉及350 萬學生和8 萬教師的信息技術教育。//用于軟件開發(fā)的投資將在印度南部提供300 個工作崗位。這是微軟在美國以外最大的投資。// 微軟總載比爾。蓋茨指出，印度有重要的戰(zhàn)略地位。他不同意世界范圍內(nèi)的軟件業(yè)在增長會緩慢/走下坡路這種說法。

3． With the rapid spread of the Internet and the technological innovations, the information era is truly upon us, profoundly influencing and changing not only our lifestyle, but also the way we work.// Therefore many countries have, or are in the process of creating, their own “Silicon Valley.” So far, none of them will threaten the preeminence of the U.S.prototype.What makes Silicon Valley in the U.S.such a unique entity?// First and foremost, it has the largest concentration of brilliant computer professionals and the best supporting services in the world, and easy access to world-class research institutions.// Secondly, it encourages risk taking.Hence failure will not result in fear or terror.On the contrary, those computer professionals will even harder next round.因特網(wǎng)急速普及，技術不斷創(chuàng)新，使我們真正地進入了信息時代，深刻地影響并改變著我們的生活和工作方式。// 因此，有些國家有了自己的“硅谷”，有些國家則正在創(chuàng)建自己的“硅谷”。但美國正統(tǒng)硅谷的龍頭地位未受到威脅。那么美國硅谷為何會如此與眾不同呢？// 首先，硅谷有著全球最密集的優(yōu)秀電腦專業(yè)人才和最佳支持性服務系統(tǒng)，并且毗鄰世界一流的科研機構。// 再次，硅谷鼓勵冒險精神。所以失敗并不可怕。相反，那些電腦專業(yè)人才會再接再厲、加倍奮斗/下次會更加努力。//

中高級口譯筆試十大句型

1.leave sb the choice of...or...要么...,要么...★（選擇類經(jīng)典句）

Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission.敵人冷酷無情/鐵石心腸，我們要么頑強抵抗，要么屈膝投降。

The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor.年過三十，要么成婚，要么單身。

2.be the instrument of sth 引來某事物的人或事 ★（使動類經(jīng)典句）

The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them.全國同胞都在關注我們，如果我們有幸能夠拯救他們脫離強加于身的暴政，那將得到他們的祝福和贊頌。他所建立的組織最終使他垮了臺。

The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall.能夠讓你幸福，我愿意付出我的一切。

If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all my belongings.3.it was the memory/memories of 追溯到...★（回憶類經(jīng)典句）

Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations' development.追溯到1964年東京及1988年漢城舉辦的奧運會，可能分別被視為日韓兩國發(fā)展的轉折點。It was the memory of 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffered from the attacks of atomic bomb, from which originated the term of “Zero Ground”.追溯到1945年廣島和長崎遭受原子彈攻擊，從而形成了“零地帶”這個術語。

4.on the premise/ground/prerequisite/proposition/hypothesis/presuuposition that 基于一個前提...★（假設類經(jīng)典句）

The Chinese declared to implement the policy of peaceful reunification on the premise that the then Taiwan authorities maintained that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is only one part of China.中國政府在宣布實行和平統(tǒng)一的方針時，是基于一個前提，即當時的臺灣當局堅持世界上只有一個中國，臺灣是中國的一部分。

Advice to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall.對投資者的建議是以利率會繼續(xù)下跌為根據(jù)的。5.be bound to 必定...；一定...★（意愿類經(jīng)典句）

西部大開發(fā)一定能成為溝通世界各國和中國的一座橋梁，促進中國和世界經(jīng)濟共同發(fā)展，共同繁榮。

The Great Western Development is bound to be a bridge between China and the rest world, promoting the common economic development and prosperity of China and the world at large.Just wars are bound to triumph over wars of aggression.正義戰(zhàn)爭必然要戰(zhàn)勝侵略戰(zhàn)爭。

6.a matter of sth/doing sth 與...有關的情況或問題 ★（描述類經(jīng)典句）

Considering the following statements, made by the same man eight years apart.“Eventually, being ?poor' won't be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills.” 請思考一下同一個人現(xiàn)在及八年前說的話?！罢f到底，?貧窮'與其說是生活在貧窮的國家里，還不如說是技藝不精。” Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience.處理這些問題全憑經(jīng)驗。

7.This is the similar case with/when 這恰如；正如；也會 ★（比較類經(jīng)典句）

這恰如我們雖然看不懂莫扎特樂曲的總譜，卻照樣能同它的主旋律產(chǎn)生共鳴，擊節(jié)稱贊。This is the similar case when the main melody can evoke a strong echo for us to clap our hands in admiration despite our disability to understand the score of Mozart's musical pieces.除此以外，老百姓的服務性消費，如教育，信息，旅游等消費也會大量增長。

Besides, this is also the case with the citizen's expenditure such as education, information, traveling.8.be exemplified by 這一點也證明了...；這點反映在以下事實：...★（舉例類經(jīng)典句）

This American desire to keep the children's world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident.如果父母在事故中喪生，人們總是晚些時候才告訴孩子們，這一點也證實了美國人想把兒童的世界和成人的世界隔離開的愿望。美國人想把兒童和成人的世界劃清界限，這一愿望還反映在以下事實：如果父母在事故中喪生，人們總是設法晚點將消息告訴他們的子女。

The manual worker is usually quite at ease in any company.This is partly explained by the fact that people of all income groups go together to the same schools.體力勞動者在任何場合通常都相當自在。收入檔次不同的人上同一所學校，這個事實多少說明了這一點。

9.constitute...（不用于進行式）是；認為 ★（判斷類經(jīng)典句）

歷史雄辯地說明，中美之間建立在平等互利基礎上的勞動分工是最為合理和實用的國際關系。

History has proved eloquently that the division of labor based on equality and mutual benefit between China and USA constitutes the most reasonable and practical international relationship.My decision does not constitute a precedent.我的決定不應視為先例。

The defeat constitutes a major set-back for our diplomacy.這一失敗是我們外交上的一次較大的挫折。10.witness...見證...★（發(fā)生類經(jīng)典句）

a time or event witnesses sth/sb in a particular situation or doing a particular thing.經(jīng)過二十多年的快速發(fā)展，中國西部地區(qū)已奠定了一定的物質技術基礎，社會保持穩(wěn)定，市場經(jīng)濟體制正在逐步建立和完善，為西部經(jīng)濟持續(xù)快速增長創(chuàng)造了有利的市場環(huán)境。

The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China 在下一輪的會談中，我們將宣布中東地區(qū)永久?；饏f(xié)議，對此我抱有樂觀態(tài)度并充滿希望。I am optimistic and hopeful that the next round of talk will witness a permanent cease-fire in the Middle East.

第五篇：現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)類型

現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)類型

現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)一般劃分為7種類型，當然由于外延的不確定性，劃分標準有所不同。通常劃分為以下7種：

①綠色農(nóng)業(yè)：將農(nóng)業(yè)與環(huán)境協(xié)調起來，促進可持續(xù)發(fā)展，增加農(nóng)戶收入，保護環(huán)境，同時保證農(nóng)產(chǎn)品安全性的農(nóng)業(yè)。“綠色農(nóng)業(yè)”是靈活利用生態(tài)環(huán)境的物質循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，實踐農(nóng)藥安全管理技術（IPM）、營養(yǎng)物綜合管理技術（INM）、生物學技術和輪耕技術等，從而保護農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境的一種整體性概念。綠色農(nóng)業(yè)大體上分為有機農(nóng)業(yè)和低投入農(nóng)業(yè)。

②休閑農(nóng)業(yè)：休閑農(nóng)業(yè)是一種綜合性的休閑農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)。游客不僅可以觀光、采果、體驗農(nóng)作、了解農(nóng)民生活、享受鄉(xiāng)間情趣，而且可以住宿、度假、游樂。休閑農(nóng)業(yè)的基本概念是利用農(nóng)村的設備與空間、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)場地、農(nóng)業(yè)自然環(huán)境、農(nóng)業(yè)人文資源等，經(jīng)過規(guī)劃設計，以發(fā)揮農(nóng)業(yè)與農(nóng)村休閑旅游功能，提升旅游品質，并提高農(nóng)民收入，促進農(nóng)村發(fā)展的一種新型農(nóng)業(yè)。

③工廠化農(nóng)業(yè)：工廠化是設計農(nóng)業(yè)的高級層次。綜合運用現(xiàn)代高科技、新設備和管理方法而發(fā)展起來的一種全面機械化、自動化技術（資金）高度密集型生產(chǎn)，能夠在人工創(chuàng)造的環(huán)境中進行全過程的連續(xù)作業(yè)，從而擺脫自然界的制約。

④特色農(nóng)業(yè)：特色農(nóng)業(yè)就是將區(qū)域內(nèi)獨特的農(nóng)業(yè)資源（地理、氣候、資源、產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎）開發(fā)區(qū)域內(nèi)特有的名優(yōu)產(chǎn)品，轉化為特色商品的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)。特色農(nóng)業(yè)的“特色”在于其產(chǎn)品能夠得到消費者的青睞和傾慕，在本地市場上具有不可替代的地位，在外地市場上具有絕對優(yōu)勢，在國際市場上具有相對優(yōu)勢甚至絕對優(yōu)勢。

⑤觀光農(nóng)業(yè)：觀光農(nóng)業(yè)又稱旅游農(nóng)業(yè)或綠色旅游業(yè)，是一種以農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村為載體的新型生態(tài)旅游業(yè)。農(nóng)民利用當?shù)赜欣淖匀粭l件開辟活動場所，提供設施，招攬游客，以增加收入。旅游活動內(nèi)容除了游覽風景外，還有林間狩獵、水面垂釣、采摘果實等農(nóng)事活動。有的國家以此作為農(nóng)業(yè)綜合發(fā)展的一項措施。

⑥立體農(nóng)業(yè)：又稱層狀農(nóng)業(yè)。著重于開發(fā)利用垂直空間資源的一種農(nóng)業(yè)形式。立體農(nóng)業(yè)的模式是以立體農(nóng)業(yè)定義為出發(fā)點，合理利用自然資源、生物資源和人類生產(chǎn)技能，實現(xiàn)由物種、層次、能量循環(huán)、物質轉化和技術等要素組成的立體模式的優(yōu)化。

⑦訂單農(nóng)業(yè)：訂單農(nóng)業(yè)又稱合同農(nóng)業(yè)、契約農(nóng)業(yè)，是近年來出現(xiàn)的一種新型農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營模式。所謂訂單農(nóng)業(yè)，是指農(nóng)戶根據(jù)其本身或其所在的鄉(xiāng)村組織同農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的購買者之間所簽訂的訂單，組織安排農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的一種農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)銷模式。訂單農(nóng)業(yè)很好地適應了市場需要，避免了盲目生產(chǎn)。